Tra elite my ius Ce eh i. os at aN by a oa ehh oi o Poe eed Se ay SS Eee ky pba aie rm : A . . RRO SO ap t * * us eer ara! e ea Ne ss ce ta AEN ae - Pee ronan a EY’ Ls her 2 Ae m Sa SY ey Pere es . Oot : rary - re - Se = . . ; Siete eee ~ % Fi ete es = ah ee re a F mS a be eae ae SN PI REE NE a CO SO cee — : ee serene Hen Stn eG totais ae ik ite as Ste ae a a say es : ate fei “+ r > ¥ Si a Se se ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT ‘CORNELL UNIVERSITY GAYLORD PRINTED IN U.S.A. Cornell University Library SB 363.H71 Wot ties:being a hist wn YS Daeriev THE APPLE AND ITS VARIETIES: BEING A HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETIES OF APPLES CULTIVATED IN THE GARDENS AND ORCHARDS OF GREAT BRITAIN. BY ROBERT HOGG, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, AUTHOR OF “THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM AND ITS PRODUCTS,” AND CO-EDITOR OF “‘THE COTTAGE GARDENER.” Allustrated with Seventy Engravings of Choice Varieties, LONDON : GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, 5, PATERNOSTER ROW. upocoux. . 16ST \ f ya RK | V 262 Spec Colt Hal” CORMELL UN RSATY, LISRARY 7 LONDON: THOMAS HARRILD, vse SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, ADVERTISEMENT. —_+— Art the time this work was first published, very little attention was paid to the study of Fruits. The sale of such a publica- tion at that period was, therefore, very limited ; and to enable the publisher to realize a return equal to the outlay for its production, the selling price was necessarily high. The circu- lation was thus restricted to a limited number, and persons of small means were prevented from availing themselves of its utility. But a great change has since taken place. The establish- ment of the British Pomological Society has given a stimulus to this long-neglected branch of horticulture, and the number of individuals who are now engaged in the study and cultiva- tion of fruits is tenfold greater than it was at that period. Under this consideration it has been thought advisable to reduce the price of this work, so as to bring it within the means of the practical gardener, and those who were formerly prevented from purchasing it at its original price. The work, as if now appears, is essentially the same as when first published. It contains all the information then, and even now, attainable on the subject; and, though issued seven years ago, it is still the most comprehensive work of the kind which has yet appeared. 4, It was my intention, ere this, to have published the companion volume on the Pear, but circumstances have always arisen to prevent me. Perhaps it is as well it has been so, for it has enabled me to get together a far greater mass of information than I formerly had at command; and my large collection of the new Belgian Pears has since come into bearing, and enabled me to add. very considerably to what I originally intended to publish. If spared, it is my inten- tion to carry out this portion of the work with as little delay as possible. ROBERT HOGG. March 25th, 1859. TO MR. ROBERT THOMPSON, ' FOR THE IMPORTANT SERVICES HE HAS RENDERED TO THE STUDY OF POMOLOGY, AND FOR HIS UNWEARIED LABORS. IN DETERMINING AND ARRANGING POMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. THIS WORK IS DEDICATED BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. It is much to be regretted, that of late years, so little attention has been given in this country, to the study of pomology, and that so few efforts have been made to encourge a taste for this most important, most instructive, and intellectual branch of horticultural science. Towards the end of the last, and beginning of the present century, when the late Mr. Knight was in the full vigor of his scientific pursuits, this was the subject which engaged so much of his power- ful intellect, and from which he succeeded in producing such great and beneficial results. With Mr. Knight as president, and Mr. Sabine as secretary, the Horticultural Society of London did much for the advancement of this subject, and in extending a knowledge not only of the fruits of this country, but of the mostvaluable varieties of the continent of Europe, and America. Through the exertions of these gentlemen, and in conjunction with the illustrious pomo- logists, Dr. Diel and Professor Van Mons, and other eminent conti- nental correspondents, was obtained that vast collection of fruits which once existed in the Society’s garden ; and by means of which that great undertaking of determining and arranging the nomencla- v1 PREFACE. ture was accomplished. During this period the Society's Transac- tions teemed with rich, and interesting pomological papers, and several works of a high character were ushered into existence. Of these the most important were the Pomonas of Brookshaw and Hooker, the Pomological Magazine, and Ronalds’s Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis; but these are all of such a class, as from their great cost to be regarded more as works of art, than of general utility. The only one which was at all calculated to be of general benefit was, Lindley’s “ Guide to the Orchard ;” furnished descriptions of, and embraced a greater number of varieties than had hitherto been attempted. This then may be regarded as the most complete work for general reference, with which pomologists in this country had ever been furnished. a work which Upwards of twenty years have now elapsed since the “ Guide to the Orchard” issued from the press, and during that period, Knight, Sabine, and many great patrons of pomology have entered into their rest, leaving none behind them to prosecute, with the same vigour, that study which they so much loved and adorned. But although there has been no corporate effort to promote and stimulate this study, private enterprize has not altogether been awanting to keep pace with the rapid progression of the Continent and America; but for this, we might yet have been in total ignorance of many of the most desirable fruits of modern times, and particularly of those valuable varieties, the result of the later labors of Van Mons, Esperen, and others; together with several of considerable merit, furnished by the fertile pomology of the New World. Since the publication of Lindley’s “ Guide,” therefore, there has not only been such additions to our varieties of fruits, but such a complete reformation and arrangement of pomological nomenclature as to have rendered that book, as a work of reference of considerably less value ; and it was on account of the necessity for a new work, adapted to the wants of the present day, and embracing the most recent information on the subject, that I entered upon the present undertaking. The facilities I have possessed for carrying it out, are perhaps greater than fall to the lot of most men. My earliest PREFACE. Vil associations were with fruits and fruit trees ; the greater part of my active life has been engaged in their cultivation and devoted to their study ; and for nearly ten years, I had the advantage of making an annual tour throughout the length and breadth of England and Scotland, during which, I allowed no opportunity to escape of making myself acquainted with the fruits of the various districts, and securing correspondents to whom I could apply, in cases of necessity. With these advantages, I some years ago established an orchard, for the purpose of examining the distinctive characters and deter- mining. the nomenclature of fruits; and there I have succeeded, in securing all the varieties it is possible to procure, either in this country or abroad, and thereby to obtain from personal observation all the information attainable on the subject. In the execution of this work, my object has been, not to give a mere selection of the best varieties of fruits cultivated in this country, but to describe minutely, and at length, all the varieties with their essential characters, distinguishing those which are, and those which are not worthy of cultivation. I have endeavoured to embrace all the fruits which are recorded as existing in Great Britain, and although it cannot be supposed I have been able to ob- tain the whole of them, still, I have secured such a number as will leave but a very small portion un-noticed. The plan which I have adopted in the general arrangement will be found to em- ‘brace all matters both descriptive, historical, and critical, touching the several varieties. The nomenclature I have followed is, except in some instances for reasons given, that of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue, a valuable work prepared by that patient and indefatigable pomologist, Mr. Robert Thompson. The advantage of this identity of nomenclature is evident, as it sets at rest that mass of confusion, which so long existed as to the correct names of fruits. In describing each variety, the approved name, that is the name which shall serve as a standard by which that variety shall in future be distinguished, is printed in Roman Capitals; and either abbreviated, or in full length, is annexed the name of the author who first records or describes it. When .the variety is of such antiquity as not to be identified with any particular author, the Vili PREFACE. name of the one who first distinctly describes it is given. Following the standard name, is the identification or list of works in which the variety is identified as being described; the synonymes or names by which it is mentioned in all works on pomology, or known in various districts; and then a list of works in which it is most correctly and faithfully figured. Then follow the description, history, and critical observations, when such are necessary. I have furnished diagrams, of the newest, rarest, and most esteemed varieties ; and this mode of illustration conveys a better idea of the general character of the fruit, than a fore-shortened drawing, and answers the same purpose as a highly finished engraving, without swelling the price of the work to such an extent, as to render it un- available for ordinary use. At the end, I have given lists of the most excellent varieties adapted for various districts of the country, as also such as are suited for being grown as Standards, Dwarfs, and for Cyder. The whole work is terminated by a copious index, which includes all the synonymes, and which of itself, will afford much valuable assistance, in all matters relating to pomological nomenclature. It now remains for me to acknowledge the favors I have received from many kind friends, who have, by furnishing materials and in- formation, rendered me much valuable assistance. To Mr. Robert Thompson, already mentioned, I am particularly indebted for the liberal way in which he has always supplied me with any informa- tion I required. To the late Mr. John Ronalds, ‘of Brentford, for the free use of his valuable collection; as also to his excellent and much respected foreman, Mr. William Waring. To Mr. James Lake, nurseryman, of Bridgewater, for specimens of, and communications respecting the fruits of the Somerset, Devon, and West of England orchards. To Mr. William Fairbread, of Green-street, near Sitting- bourne, for those of the great orchard districts of Kent. To Mr. Mannington, of Uckfield, and Mr. Henry Barton, of Heathfield, Sussex, for the fruits of these neighbourhoods. To Mr. J. OC. Wheeler, of Gloucester, and the late Mr. Hignell, orchardist, of Tewkesbury. To George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough Terrace, Kensington, for some of the valuable fruits of Norfolk ; and to the PREFACE. 1x Rev. Henry Manton, of Sleaford. To Mr. Roger Hargreave, of Lancaster, for a complete collection from the Lancashire orchards, To Archibald Turnbull, Esq., of Belwood, near Perth, whose choice and ‘extensive collection, was freely placed at my disposal. To Mr. A. Gorrie, of Annat, and Robert Mathew, Esq., of Gourdie-- hill, in the Carse of Gowrie, for much valuable information, and specimens of the fruits of that great orchard district of the North. To Mr. Evans, superintendent of the Caledonian Horticultural Society's Garden, Edinburgh, for much valuable assistance derived from a free inspection of the collection of the Society. To my brother, Mr. Thomas Hogg, of Coldstream, for the fruits of the Tweedside orchards, and to numerous nurserymen and private individuals, who have aided me in the prosecution of this work, I now tender my warmest and heartfelt thanks. R. H. 13, Gilston Road, Brompton, Deec., 1851. enn ann ene, ABBREVIATIONS, AND LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THE FOLLOWING WORK. Aber. Dict. The Universal Gardener and Botanist ; or a General Dictionary ‘Aber. Gard. Dieu} of Gardening and Botany, by John Abercrombie, 1 vol. ° 5 4to., London, 1778. Ace, or ace—When this abbreviation is prefixed to « citation, it signifies according to, or on the authority of, as acc Hort Soc. Cat, according to, or on the authority of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue. Aldro. Dend.—Ulyssis Aldrovandi, Dendrologie naturalis scilicet Arborum Historiz libri duo. Sylva Glandaria, Acinosumque Pomarium. 1 vol. fol. Bononice, 1668. Ang. Obs.—Observations sur L’ Agriculture, et Le Jardinage, pour servir d’instruc- tion 4 ceux qui desireront s’y rendre habiles, par Angran de Rueneuve. 2 vols. 12mo., Paris, 1712. A Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner of Grafting, Planting, Aust. Orch. Pruni : : : ‘Aust. Treat runing, and Ordering of them, in all respects, according to y new and easy rules of Experience, &c. &c., by Ralph Austen. 1 vol. 4to., Ozford, 1657. Bauh. Hist—-Historia Plantarum universalis, Johanno Bauhino. 3 vols. fol. Ebroduni, i and ii. 1650, iii. 1651. Baum. Cat.—Catalogue général des Végétaux de pleine terre, disponsibles dans Petablishment horticole d’ Aug. Nap. Baumann a Bolwyller, 1850—51. Bon. Jard,—Le Bon Jardinier almanach pour l’année, 1843. Paris. Booth Cat,—A Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by G. Booth, Hamburg. Brad, Fam. Dict—Dictionaire Oeconomique ; or Family Dictionary, &c. &c., by Richard Bradley. 2 vols. fol. London, 1725. Brad. Treat.—A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, by Richard Bradley. 3 vols. 8vo., London, 1721—1722. Bret, Ecole.—L’Ecole du Jardin Fruitier, par M. de la Bretonnerie. 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1784. Brook. Pom. Brit.—Pomona Britannica; or a collection of the most established fruits at present cultivated in Great Britain, &c., by George Brookshaw. 1 vol. fol. London, 1812. Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem,—Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 8vo. Edinburgh. vol. 1. 1819, et seq. Xll LIST OF BOOKS. Cal. Traité.—Traité complet sur les Pépiniers &c., par Etienne Calvel. ed. 2, 3 vols. 12mo., Paris, NV. D. Chart. Cat.—Catalogue des Arbres 4 Fruits les plus excellent, les plus rares, et les plus estimés, qui se cultivent dans les pépiniers des Révérendes Peres Chartreux de Paris. 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1775. Christ Gartenb.—Allgemein-practisches Gartenbuch fir Burger und Landmann jiber den Kichen-und Obstgarten, von Dr. Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo. Heilbronn, 1814. Christ Handb—Handbuch uber dié Obstbaumzucht und Obstlehre, &c., von Jon. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo., Frankfurt a M., ed. 1, 1794 ; ed. 2, 1797; ed. 3, 1804 ; ed 4, 1817. Christ Handworter—Pomologisches Theoretisch-practisches Handworterbuch, &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol 4to. Leipzig, 1802. Christ Vollst. Pom.—Vollstindige Pomologie &c. &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 2 vols. 8vo., Frankfurt, 1809. Coles Adam in Eden.—Adam in Eden, or Nature’s Paradise. The History of Plants, Fruits, and Flowers, by William Coles. 1 vol. fol., London, 1657. Cord. Hist.—Valerii Cordi Historie Stirpium Libri iv. 1 vol. fol., Argentorati, 1561. Cours Comp. d.Agric.—Nouveau Cours complet d’Agriculture, par M. M. Thouin, Parmentier, Bosc, Chaptal, &c. &c., 16 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1823. Coze Vi A View of the cultivation of Fruit Trees in the United States, and of lice Cult. | the management of Orchards and Cyder, by William Coxe, aa a 1 vol. 8vo., Philadelphia, 1817. Curtius Hort.—Hortorum Libri xxx, auctore Benedicto Curtio. 1 vol. fol., Lugduni 1560. Dahuron Traité.—Traité de la taille des Arbres Fruitiers, et de la maniere de les bien elever, par René Dahuron. 1 vol. 12mo., Cell, 1699. Dec. Prod—Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetablis. Aug. Pyr. Decandolle, 8vo., Paris, vol. 1, 1824, et seq. Diel Kernobst.—Versuch einer systematischen Beschreibung in Deutschland vorhan- dener Kernobstsorten, von Dr. Aug. Fried. Adr. Diel. 21 Hfte 8vo., Frank- Jfurt a M., 1799—1819. 6 Bdchn, Stuttgart, 1821.—1832. Ditt. Handb.—Systematisches Handbuch der Obstkunde, von J. G. Dittrich. 3 vols. 8vo., Jena, 1839—1841. Doch. Centralobst—Die Allgemeine Centralobstbaumschule, irhe Zwecke und Einrichtung von F. J. Dochnahl. 1 vol. 8vo., Jena, 1848. Down. Fr. Amer—The Fruit and Fruit Trees of America; or the culture and management in the garden and orchard of Fruit Trees generally, by A. J. Downing. 1 vol. 8vo., New York, 1845. Duh. Arb. Fruit.—Traité des Arbres Fruitiers ; contenant leur figure, leur descrip- tion, leur culture &c., par Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau. 2 vols. 4to Paris, 1768. Ellis Mod. Husb—The Modern Husbandman, or the Practice of Farming, by William Ellis. 8 vols. 8vo., London, 1744—1747. Evelyn Fr. Gard.—The French Gardiner ; instructing how to cultivate all sorts of Fruit Trees and Herbs for the garden, &c., by John Evelyn, Esq. Ed. 3 1 vol. 12mo., London, 1672. , Evelyn Pom—Pomona: or an appendix concerning Fruit Trees, in relation to Cyder ; the making, and several ways of ordering it, by John Evelyn Published with the Sylva. 1 vol. fol., London, 1829. : Filass. Tab.—Tableau générale des principeaux objects qui composent la Pépiniere. dirigée par M. Filassier. 1 vol. Paris, 1785. , Fors. Treat.—A Treatise on the culture and management of Fruit Trees, by William Forsyth. Ed. 7, 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1824. i eee LIST OF BOOKS. XU Gallesio Pom. Ital—Pomona Italiana. ossia trattato degli Alberi Fruttiferi di Georgeo Gallesio. fol. Pisa, 1817. et seq. Gard. Chron.—The Gardener’s Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, edited by Professor Lindley. fol. London, 1841, et seq. Ger. Herb.—The Herbal, or General History of Plants, by John Gerard. 1 vol. fol., London, 1597. Gibs. Fr. Gard—The Fruit Gardener, containing the manner of raising stocks, for multiplying of Fruit Trees by budding, grafting, &c. &c. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1768. x*s The authorship of this work is ascribed to John Gibson, Esq., M.D., at one time a surgeon in the Ruyal Navy. Googe Husb.—The whole Art and Trade of Husbandry contained in foure books, by Barnaby Googe, Esq. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1614. #.—When this initial of the author’s name is placed after the standard name of any variety, it signifies, that that variety has not been recorded or described in any previous work. Henne Anweis—Anweisung wie man eine Baumschule von Obstbiumen in grossen anlegen und gehérig unterhalten solle, von Sam. Dav. Lud. Henne. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 8vo., Halle, 1776. Hitt Treat—A Treatise of Fruit Trees, by Thomas Hitt, ed. 3, 1 vol 8vo. London, 1768. Hook. Pom. Lond.—Pomona Londonensis, &c., by William Hooker. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1813. Hort. Soc. Cat.—\ A Catalogue of the Fruits cultivated in the garden of the Hs.C Horticultural Society of London. 1 vol. 8vo., London, ps Ed. 1, 1826. Ed. 2, 1842. Ed. 3, 1843. x*, The second and third Editions of this work, were prepared by Mr. Robert Thompson, the superintendent of the Fruit department in the Society’s Garden. Hort. Trans.—Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 4to., London, vol. 1, 1813, et seq. Husb. Fr. Orch.—The Husbandman’s Fruitfull Orchard, &c. &c. 1 vol. 4to, London, 1597. 7 Ibid—When this abbreviation is made use of among the synonymes, it refers to the same work as is quoted immediately preceding it. Inst. Arb. Fruict.—Instructions pour les Arbres Fructiers, par M. R, T. P. D. S. M. Ed. 3, 1 vol. 12mo., Roven, 1659. Jard. Frang—Le Jardinier Francois, qui enseigne 4 cultiver les Arbres, Herbes, Potageres, &c. &c. Ed, 4, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1653. Jard, Fruit—See Nois. Jard. Fruit. Ken. Amer. Or—The New American Orchardist, by William Kenrick. 1 vol. 8vo., Boston, 1833. Knoop Pom.—Pomologie ; ou description des meilleurs sortes des Pommes et des Poires, &c. &c. 1 vol. fol. Amsterdam, 1771. Lang. Pom.—Pomona ; or the Fruit Garden illustrated, by Batty Langley. 1 vol. fol., London, 1729. Laws. Cat.—Catalogue of Fruit Trees, et cetera. Peter Lawson and Son, Edinburgh, 1851. A New Orchard and Garden; or the best way for planting, ae ne oe) grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard, eee &c., by William Lawson. 1 vol. 4to., Lond on 597. Leslie & Anders. Cat.—Catalogue of Hardy Shrubs, Greenhouse and Hothouse Plants, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c., &c., sold by Leslie, Anderson, and Co., Edinburgh, 1780. XIV LIST OF BOOKS. Lind. Guide.—A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden ; or an account of the most valuable Fruit and Vegetables cultivated in Great Britain, by George Lindley. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1831. Lind. Plan. Or.—A Plan of an Orchard, by George Lindley, 1796. M. C. H. S.—See Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem. McInt. Orch.—The Orchard, including the management of Wall and Standard Fruit Trees, by Charles McIntosh. 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1839. Maund Fruit—The Fruitist, by Benjamin Maund, 4to., London, published along with Maund’s British Flower Garden. Mayer Pom. Franc.—Pomona Franconica ; oder natiirliche Abbildung und Beschrei- bung der besten und vorziiglichsten Europaischen Gattungen der Obstbiumen und Fruchte, von J. Mayer. 3 vols. 4to., Miirenberg, 1776—1801. Meager Eng. Gard.—The English Gardener; ora sure Guide to young planters and gardeners, in three parts, by Leonard Meager. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1670. Merlet Abrégé—Abrégé des bons fruits, avec la maniere de les connoitre et de cultiver les arbres, par Jean Merlet. ed. 2,1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1675. Meyen Baumsch.—Physicalisch-oeconomische Baumschule, &c., von J. J. Meyer. Stettin, 1795. Mid. Flor. —The Midland Florist, by William Wood. 12mo., Nottingham, V.Y. Mill. Dict—The Gardener’s Dictionary, by Philip Miller. ed. 8, 1 vol. fol. Zondon, 1768. Miller & Sweet Cat.—A Catalogue of Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. Sold by Miller and Sweet, nurserymen, Bristol, 1790. Nicol Gard. Kal—The Gardener’s Kalendar ; or Monthly Directory of operations in every branch of Horticulture, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo., Edinburgh, 1810. , Nicol Villa Gard—The Villa Garden Directory ; or Monthly Index of work to be done in the town and villa gardens, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1809. Nois. Jard. Fruit—Le Jardin Fruitier, par Louis Noisette. ed. 1, 3 vols. 4to., Paris, 1821. ed. 2, 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1839. Nourse Camp. Fel.—Campania Felix ; or a Discourse of the benefits, and improve- ments of Husbandry, by Tim. Nourse. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1700. Park. Par.—Paradisi in sole Paradisius Terrestris, &c., by John Parkinson. 1. vol. fol. London, 1629. Philips Cyder—Cyder, 2 Poem in two books, by John Philips. 1 vol. 8y0., London, 1708. Plin. Hist. Nat.—C. Plinii Secundi, Historie Mundi Libri Xxxvii, annotat. Jacobi Dalechampi. 1 vol. fol., Frankfurti ad Moenum, 1599. Poit. et. Turp.—Traité des Arbres Fruitiers de Duhamel, nouvelle edition augmentée, par Poiteau et Turpin. 5 vols. fol. Paris, 1808, et seq. Poit. Pom. Frang—Pomologie Frangaise ; Receuil des plus beaux fruits cultivés en _ France, par Poiteau., 4to., Paris, 1838, et seq Pom. Heref—Pomona Herefordienses ; or a descriptive account of the old Cyder and Perry fruits of Herefordshire, by Thomas Andrew Knight. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1809. Pom. Lond.—See Hook, Pom. Lond. Pom. Mag.—The Pomological Magazine ; or Figures and Descriptions of the most important varieties of Fruits cultivated in Great Britain. 3 vols. 8vo. London, 1827—1830. Porte Ville—Ville Jo. Baptiste Porte, Neopolitani Libri xii. 1 vol. 4to, Frankfurti, 1592. LIST OF BOOKS. XV Quint. Inst.—Instructions pour les Arbres Fruitiers et Potageres, par M. de la Quintinye. 2 vols. 4to., Paris, 1695. Quint. Traité.—See Quint. Inst. Roii. Hist.—Historia Plantarum, Joannis Raii. 3 vols. fol., Londini, 1686, 1693, and 1704. Rea Pom.—Flora, Ceres, et Pomona, by John Rea. 1 vol. fol. London, 1665. Riv. Cat—Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Thomas Rivers, nurseryman, Sawbridgeworth, Herts, V. Y. Riv. et Moul. Meth.—Methode pour bien cultiver les Arbres Fruits et pour élever des Treilles. par De La Riviere & Du Moulin. 1 vol. 12mo., Utrecht, 1738. Rog. Fr. Cult.—The Fruit Cultivator, being a practical and accurate description of all the most esteemed species and varieties of Fruit, cultivated in the Gardens and Orchards of Britain, by John Rogers. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1837. Ron. Cat.—Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Hugh Ronalds and Sons, Brentford, Middlesex. Ron. Pyr Mal—Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis ; or a concise description of selected apples, with a figure of each sort, by Hugh Ronalds. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1831. Salisb. Orch.—Hints addressed to proprietors of Orchards and to growers of fruit in general, &c. &c., by William Salisbury. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1816. Saltz. Pom.—Pomologie oder Fruchtlehre enthaltend eine Anweisung alles in freier Luft unseres klimas Wachsende Obst, &c., zu erkennen, von F. Z. Saltzmann. 1 vol. 8vo., Berlin, 1793. Schab. Prat—La Pratique du Jardinage, par. L’Abbé Roger Schabol. 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1774. é Sickler Obstgirt—Der Teutsche Obstgirtner, von J. B. Sickler. 22 vols. 8vo., Weimar, 1794—1804. © Switz. Fr. Gard—The Practical Fruit Gardener, by Stephen Switzer. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1724. Thomp.—Where this abbreviation is made use of, it refers to the authority of Mr. Robert Thompson, author of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue of Fruits, and many valuable pomological and other scientific papers. Toll. Traité—Traité des Végétaux qui composent I’ Agriculture de empire Frangaise par Tollard. 1 vol. 8vo., Paris, 1805. Tragus. Hist—Hieronymi Tragi De Stirpium, &c. interprete Davide Kybro. 1 vol. 4to., Argentorati, 1552. Walter Gartenb—Allgemeine Deutsches Gartenbuch, von J.J. Walter. 1 vol. 8vo, Stuttgart, 1799. West. Bot.—The Universal Botanist and Nurseryman, containing descriptions of the species and varieties of all the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, native and exotics, &c., by Richard Weston. 4 vols. 8vo., London, 1770, 1774. Willich Dom. Encye—The Domestic Encyclopedia, by A. ¥. M. Willich. 5 vols. 8vo., London. Worl. Vin.—Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise of Cyder, and such other Wines and Drinks, that are extracted from all manner of fruits growing in this Kingdom, by J. Worlidge. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1676. Zink. Pom.—Dieser Pomologie, von J. C. Zink. 1 vol. fol., Mirnberg, 1766. BRITISH POMOLOGY. ETC. ETC. ETC. THE APPLE. There is no fruit, in temperate climates, so universally esteemed, and so extensively cultivated, nor is there any which is so closely identified with the social habits of the human species as the apple. Apart from the many domestic purposes to which it is applicable, the facility of its cultivation, and its adaptation to almost every lati- tude, have rendered it, in all ages, an object of special attention and regard. There is no part of our island where one or other of its numerous varieties is not cul- tivated, and few localities where the finest cannot be brought to perfection. The apple is a native of this, as well as almost every other country in Europe. Its normal form is the Com. mon Wild Crab, the Pyrus Malus of Linneus, and the numerous varieties with which our gardens and orchards abound, ate the result either of the natural tendency of that tree to variation, or by its varieties being hybridized with the original species, or with. each other. It belongs to the natural order Rosacee, section Pomee, and is, by botanists, included in the same genus as the pear. The principal difference between apples and pears, when con- sidered botanically, consists in their stamens and styles; the stamens of the apple have their filaments straight, uni. ted together at the base, and forming a bundle round the styles, of which they conceal the inferior part. All the filaments of the pear on the contrary are divergent, dis- posed almost like the radii of a wheel, and leave the bases B 2 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. of the styles entirely naked and exposed. The styles u the apple are united at their base into one body, and ar generally villous in that part where they adhere to eacl other: in the pear, however, they are separate at thei base. But although the apple and pear very much resembl each other in their botanical characters, they differ ver materially in their form, cellular tissue, and specific gravity Apples have always the base umbellicate, or hollowed witk a deep cavity, in which the stalk is inserted, and are generally spherical. The pear, on the other hand, i: elongated towards the stalk, and is generally of a pyramida shape, or nearly so. ‘The cellular tissue of the apple according to the microscopical observations of Turpin, i: composed of a great number of agglomerated, distinc vesicles, each existing independent of the other, varying in size in the same fruit, and, in general, larger, as the apple is large and light. These vesicles are colorless anc transparent, and vary in their form according to the wan: of space requisite for their individual development. They contain in greater or less abundance, a sugary, acid, o bitter juice, which is perceivable in the different varieties The cellular tissue of the apple possesses no stony con. cretions, and its specific gravity is greater than that of the pear ; so much so, that by taking a cube of each, of equa size, and throwing them into a vessel of water, that of thr apple will float, while that of the pear will sink. In it natural or wild state the appletree is of a small size, attainin generally about twenty feet in height, of a crooked habr of growth, with small, harsh, and austere fruit, and smal thin leaves. But when improved by cultivation, it lose: much of its original form, assumes a more free and luxu niant growth, with larger, thicker, and more downy leaves and produces fruit distinguished for its size, color, ant richness of flavor. Some authors have ascribed the introduction of the appli into this country to the Romans, and others to the Nor mans; in both cases, however, without any evidence o well grounded authority. Mr. Loudon says, “ The appl was, in all probability, introduced into Britain by th Romans, as well as the pear; and like that fruit, perhaps re-introduced by the heads of religious houses on thei THE APPLE, 8 ‘establishment, after the introduction of christianity.”* It is more probable that it has existed as an indigenous tree throughout all ages, and that the most ancient varieties were accidental variations of the original species, with which the forests abounded. These being cultivated, and subjected to the art and industry of man, would give rise to other varieties, and thus a gradual amelioration of the fruit would be obtained. The earliest records make mention of the apple in the most familiar terms. That it was known to the ancient Britons, before the arrival of the Romans is evident from their language. In Celtic, it is called Abhall, or Abhal; in Welch, Avall; in Armoric, Afall and Avall ; in Cornish, Aval and Avel. The word is derived from the pure Celtic, ball, signifying any round body.” The ancient Glastonbury was called by the Britons Ynys Avallag¢, and Ynys Avallon, which signify an apple orchard,° and from this its Roman name Avallonia was derived. The apple must therefore have been known in Britain before the arrival of the Romans; and that it continued to exist after they left the island, and before the Norman conquest, is certified by William of Malmesbury, who says, that King Edgar in 9738, while hunting in a wood was left alone by his associates; in this situation he was overcome by an irresistable desire to sleep, and alighting from his horse he lay down under the shade of a wild apple tree.’ Shortly after the Norman conquest, the same author writes with reference to Gloucestershire. ‘“ Cernag tramites publicos vestitos pomiferis arboribus, non insitiva manus industria, sed ipsius solius humi natura.” Some writers* entertain the popular error that the cultivation of apples was not a branch of rural economy in England before Richard Harris planted orchards in several parts of Kent, in the reign of Henry the Eighth; but there is evidence to the contrary. In a bull of Pope Alexander the Third, in the year 1175, confirming the property belonging to the monastery of Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire, is men- tioned, “‘ The town of Twining with all the lands, orchards, meadows, &c. ;‘ and in a charter of King John, granting property to the priory of Lanthony, near Gloucester, is a Arb. Brit, vol. ii, p. 895. > Armstrong’s Gaelic Dictionary. ¢ Owen’s Dictionary of the Welch Language. 4 Lib. ii. cap. 8. ¢ Duncumb’s History of Herefordshire, vol. 1, p. 187. f Rudder’s History of Gloucestershire, App. liii, No. xxxy, BR 4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. mentioned “ the church of Herdesley, with twelve acres of land, and an orchard.”* , But its cultivation was not confined to the southern counties, for we find there was an extensive manufacture of cider as far north as Richmond, in York- shire, in the early part of the thirteenth century. It would be too much to say that all the varieties cultivated at an early period, were indigenous to this country; many no doubt, were introduced at the Norman conquest, and it is probable that in the middle ages some varieties were intro- duced from the continent, by members of the different religious houses which then existed, who not unfrequently had personal intercourse with France, and who devoted considerable attention to horticulture; but there is every reason to believe that the earliest varieties were native - productions. The oldest works which treat on the cul-: tivation of fruits, afford little or no information as to these early varieties. In some ancient documents of the twelfth century, we find the Pearmain” and Costard men- tioned, but the horticultural works of the period are too much occupied with the fallacies and nonsense which distinguish those of the Roman agricultural writers, to convey to us any knowledge of the early pomology of this country. Turner in his Herbal, has no record of any of the varieties, and simply states, in reference to the apple, “I nede not to descrybe thys tre, because it is knowen well inoughe in all countres.” Barnaby Googe mentions as, “ Chiefe in price, the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyall, the Marigold, with a great number of others that were too long to speake of.” Leonarde Mascal gives instruction how “to graffe the Quyne Apple;” but that is the only variety he mentions. In a note book in the possession of Sir John Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, which was kept by one of his ancestors, from the- year 1580 to 1584, is an entry of “The names of Apelles, which I had their graffes © from Brentmarch, from one Mr. Pace—Item, the Appell out’: of Essex ; Lethercott, or Russet Apell ; Lounden Peppen ; Kew Goneling, or the Croke; Glass Appell or Pearmeane ; Red Stear ; Nemes Appell, or Grenlinge ; Bellabone ; Ap- pell out of Dorsettsher; Domine quo Vadis.” In “ The Husbandman’s Fruitfull Orchard,” we have Pippins, Peare- ® Rudder’s History of Gloucestershire, App. xxvii, No. xix. >» Bl rg! History of Norfolk, vol. xi., p. 242. ’ omefield’s THE APPLE. 5 mains, John Apples, Winter Russetings, and Leather Coats. Gerard enumerates and figures “The Pome Water, the Baker's Ditch, the King of Apples, the Quining or Queene of Apples, the Sommer Pearemaine,’” and “the Winter Pearemaine ;” and he says, “ I have seene in the pastures and hedgerowes about the grounds of a worshippfull gentle- man, dwelling two miles from Hereford, called M. Roger Bednome, so many trees of all sortes, that the seruants drinke for the most part no other drinke, but that which is made of Apples. The quantitie is such, that by the report of the gentleman himselfe, the parson hath for tithe many hogs- heads of Syder.” But it is to Parkinson we are indebted for the best ‘. account of the early English varieties, of which he enume- rates no less than fifty-nine, with “ tweenty sorts of sweet- ings,and none good ;” and from him may be dated the dawn of British Pomology. Hartlib mentions one who had 200 sorts of apples, and was of opinion that 500 sorts existed. Rea, in his Pomona, enumerates twenty varieties, sixteen of which are not mentioned by Parkinson ; and Meager, gives a list of eighty-three, which were cultivated in the Bromp- ton Park, and some other nurseries round London, of which fifty-one are not found in the lists of either Parkinson or Rea. Worlidge mentions ninety-two, which are chiefly cider fruits. The seventy-seven varieties of Ray are much the same as those enumerated by Worlidge. During the last century, the writings of Switzer, Langley, Hitt, Miller, and Abercrombie, added little to what have -already*been noticed, except that Switzer first mentions the Nonpareil; and it is to Forsyth that we are indebted for a more ex- tended knowledge of the different varieties, then known to exist in this country. With Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., the first President of. the London Horticultural Society, a new era in the history of pomology commenced, and during his lifetime there was more attention devoted to this study, than had been since the days of Evelyn and De Quintinye. It was with this zealous horticulturist, that a practical application of the discovery of the sexes of plants, was first systematically carried into operation; and the success which attended his labors in hybridization, is evinced by the many valuable varieties of fruits which he 6 BRITISH POMOLOGY, E'fc. was the means of producing. Through the exertions of this gentleman, and his illustrious cotemporaries, Sabine, Williams, and Braddick, the gardens of the Horticultural . Society, became a depository for all the varieties which could be gathered together from all parts of Europe and America, and the result has been, that in the last edition of the Society’s Catalogue, Mr. Thompson has enume- rated upwards of 1400 varieties of the apple alone, the greater portion of which, however, are proved to be unworthy of cultivation for any purpose whatever. _ The apple is a very wholesome fruit. In its raw state it is highly esteemed in the dessert, and when either- roasted, boiled, or in pies, it forms an excellent and nutri- tious food. Dr. Johnson says he knew a clergyman, of - small income, who brought up a family very reputably, which he chiefly fed on apple dumplings! Administered to invalids it is cooling, refreshing, and laxative. It is well known as furnishing an excellent sauce; and apple jelly forms one of the finest preserves. Norfolk Beefings are that variety of apple baked in ovens, after the bread is drawn, and flattened to the form in which they are sold in the shops of the confectioners and fruiterers. In Normandy and Ame- rica, apples are to a considerable extent dried in the sun, in which state they may be preserved for a long period and used at pleasure, when they form an excellent dish stewed with sugar, cloves, and other spices. Those dried in America are cut into quarters, while those of Normandy are preserved wholé. There is a drink with which our ancestors were wont to regale themselves called Lambs-wool, or more properly Lamasool, a word derived from La maes Abhal, which signi: fies the day of apple fruit. ‘This drink was composed of ale and the pulp of roasted apples, with sugar and spice. It is mentioned by Gerard, and in an old song, called “ The Kung and the Miller,” we find it referred to . » A cup of Lambs-wool they drank to him there.” Besides these, and many other uses to which the apple is applied, its juice produces cider, which forms, in many parts of this country, in Normandy, and the United States, an in- dispensable beverage. The juice of the wild species, called THE APPLE. 7 crab vinegar, or verjuice, when applied externally is good for strains, spasms, and cramps. __. The chemical composition of the apple is, chlorophylle, sugar, gum, vegetable fibre, albumen, malic acid, tannin -and gallic acid, ime, and a great quantity of water. The apple may be grown on almost any description of soul, provided it is not absolutely wet. That on which it succeeds best is a humid sandy loam, or a well-drained strong clay, which if it possesses a calcareous, or gravelly subsoil, will be still more advantageous. It is not requisite that it should be of so great depth as for pears, as the - apple, having no tap-root, does not penetrate so far into the soil. From eighteen inches to two feet will be found a good depth; but where the soil is good, and the subsoil sufficiently humid without being literally wet, even a foot to eighteen inches will answer every purpose. CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. A great desideratum in pomological science is, a system of classifica tion for the apple, founded on characters which are at once permanent and well defined. The Germans have been most assiduous in endeavor- ing to attain this object, and many systems have been suggested, of which those of Manger, Sickler, Christ, and Diel, are most generally known. But it is to Diel that the greatest merit is due, for having produced a system, which, though far from perfect, is greatly in advance of any which had hitherto been produced; and which has been universally adopted by all the German pomologists. In 1847, my friend Dochnahl, an eminent and assiduous pomologist, published a system, based upon that of Diel, of which it is a modification, and which possesses such ad- vantages over its type, as to be more easily reduced to practise. 2 As the systems of Diel and Dochnahl, are certainly the best which have yet appeared, I have introduced them here, for the benefit of those who may want a groundwork on which to form an arrangement. BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC: DIEL’S CLASSIFICATION. CLASS I. RIBBED APPLES. 1. They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs round the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render the shape. irregular.—2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells. ORDER I. TRUE CALVILLES. 4 * 1. They taper from about the middle of the fruit towards the eye.— 2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree.—3. They have, or acquire by keeping, an unctuous skin.—4. They are not distinctly and purely striped.—5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh.— 6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor. ae ORDER II. SCHLOTTERAPFEL. 1. The skin does not feel unctuous.-2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering form.—4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish . flavor.—5. They have a granulous, loose, and coarse-grained flesh. ORDER III. GULDERLINGE. = 1. They are not balsamic like Order I. but of an aromatic flavor.— 2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes.—3. They are either of a conical or flat shape—4. They are most prominently ribbed round the eye. CLASS II. ROSENAPFEL.—ROSE APPLES. _ 1. They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree.—2. They have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells.—3. They emit 8 pleasant odor when briskly rubbed.—4. The skin does not feel unctuous.—5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit.—6. They have a tender, loose, spongy, and mostly fine-grainedjflesh—7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise flavor—8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only summer, or autumn apples.—9. They are mostly striped like a tulip. ORDER I. FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG. ORDER I. FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT. CLASS III. RAMBOURS. 1, They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts— 2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves, namely one side lower than the other.—3. They are constantly furnished with ribs round the eye, which are broad, rising irregularly the one above the other, and extending over the fruit, so as to render it irregular in its shape ; they are also compressed and have one side higher than the other.—4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes THE APPLE.—ITS CLASSIFICATION. 9 elongated.—5. They have all a loose, coarse-grained, and often very pleasant flesh. ORDER I. WITH WIDE CELLS. ORDER Il. WITH NARROW CELLS. CLASS IV. REINETTES. I. They have a fine-grained, delicate, crisp, firm, or tender flesh.— 2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsome shaped apple; in them the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple, towards the eye, is the same as that towards the stalk, or not much different.—3. They are all grey dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with russet.—4, They have only rarely an unctuous skin.—5. They have all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the Reinette flavor—6. They decay very readily, and ‘must, of all apples, hang longest on'the tree.—7. The really sweet, and at the same time aromatic apples, belong to the Reinettes, only as regards their shape, their russety character, and their fine or firm: flesh_—8. Apples with fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a separate class,—for instance, the Pippins also belong to this class. ORDER I, SELF COLORED REINETTES. 1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.—2. Having no lively colors or marks of fusset on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red.—3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. ORDER Il. RED REINETTES. Having all the properties of the self: colored Reinettes, but of a pure red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet. ORDER IIL GREY REINETTES. 1. Their ground color is: green, changing to dingy dull yellow.— 2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches spread over the greater part of the, fruit are very conspicious.—3. The side next the sun is often dull brownish, or ochreous red. ORDER IV. GOLDEN REINETTES. 1. On the side next the sun they are washed, or striped with beautiful crimson.—2. The ground color changes by keeping to beautiful deep yellow.—3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of russet. ° CLASS V. STREIFLINGE.—STRIPED APPLES. 1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.—2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, ‘or only very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.—3. The stripes may be distinct, that is to say, truly striped ; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; buc + 10 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. on the shaded side the stripes are well defined—4. The cells are regular.—5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor.— 6. They have not the same flavor as the Rosenapfel.—7. They do not decay except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when properly ripened.—8. They form a large and somewhat considerable class among the culinary fruits. ORDER I. FLAT STREIFLINGE. 1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.—2. They are constantly half an inch broader than high. ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE. 1. They are broader than high—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical, or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half. ORDER II. OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL STREIFLINGE. 1. The height and breadth are almost equal—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally. ORDER IV. ROUND STREIFLINGE. 1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2.-The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. Laid in the hand with the eye and stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape. CLASS VI. TAPERING APPLES. 1. They have the cells regular—2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—4. Constantly diminishing to a point towards the eye—5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching a pure acid.—6. They do not decay readily. ORDER I. OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL. Characters the same as Order III. of the Streiflinge. ORDER Il. TAPERING TO A POINT. Characters the same as Order II. of the Streiflinge. CLASS VII. FLAT APPLES. 1, They are constantly broader than high.—2. They are never striped—3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red.—4, They have regular cells.—5. They are not unctuous when handled.—6. They do not decay readily.—7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour, ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES. 1. The difference is obvious to the eye—2. The breadth is con stantly half an inch more than the height. THE APPLE.—ITS CLASSIFICATION. 11 ORDER IL ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES. 1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth and height.—2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of an inch.—3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost, or quite, two equal halves. DOCHNAHL'S | CLASSIFICATION. SECTION I. PLEUROIDEA.—-ANGULAR OR RIBBED APPLES. Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit, ‘and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally situated. CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.—QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES. ORDER I. -CALVILLA,CALVILLES. 1. They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or often entirely torn; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to the tube of the calyx.—2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little above it towards the eye.—3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit.— 4..On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom.—5. They are never distinctly striped—6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries.—7. The eye is frequently closed—8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an oily or unctuous skin. GROUP I. FRUCTUS RUBRI—FRUIT RED. The fruit almost entirely covered with red. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES—FRUIT TWO-COLORED. Yellow, very much striped or washed with red. GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEI—FRUIT YELLOW. Of.a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow. ORDER IL PSEUDO-CALVILLA—BASTARD CALVILLES. 1. The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open.— 2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short.—3. They are slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk.— 4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye.—d. They are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles.—— 6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to the Reinettes. The Groups are the same as in the First Order. 12 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. CLASS II. MALA PYRARIA.—PEAR- SHAPED APPLES. Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic; they are purely sweet or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose. ORDER I. TREMARIA.-SEEDS LOOSE. 1, These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither unctuous nor covered with bloom.—2. They are also furnished with ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles—3. The cells are very large, irregular, widened, and generally open.—4. The calycinal tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the cells—5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed shape.—6. Their “flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a slight balsamic flavor.—7. The leaves of these trees are very large, rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and Bastard Calvilles. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—FRUIT SELF-COLORED. Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES—TWO COLORED. Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red. ORDER I. RAMBURA.—RAMBURES. 1. They are all very large.—2. They have almost always the two halves unequal.—3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are-—4. They are not furnished with ribs except round the eye; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit.—5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they are past maturity.—6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable. ‘ OROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS._CELLS WIDE. GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS—CELLS NARROW. SECTION II. ‘SPH ZROIDEA.—SPHERICAL APPLES. They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, but never true ribs. CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIAW-MEDLAR-SHAPED APPLES. Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, or anise. ORDER 1. APIANA.—APIS’ OR ROSE APPLES. 1. Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a snow-white color.—2. The cells are almost always regular and closed. —3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed.—4. They have a balsamic flavor, accompanied with a very agreeable odor.—5. They emit a pleasant’, THE APPLE.—ITS CLASSIFICATION. ' 13 odor, especially when briskly rubbed.—6. When they are on the tree, they are frequently covered with ‘blue bloom, and striped like a tulip.— 7. The. fruit is mostly small or middle sized—8. They are mostly of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLONGI—OBLONG FRUIT. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPHARICI—ROUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT. ORDER II. REINETTA.—REINETTES. . 1. These are apples: which have generally the most regular and handsome shape; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk.—2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely covered with russet.—3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, but generally rough when handled.—4. They all decay very readily, (they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.) —5. Their flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate.—6..They are all charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette flavored. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.— SELF COLORED, 1, Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.—2. Having no lively colors nor marks of russet, on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and are slightly tinged with red.—3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS RUBRL—FRUIT RED. Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes; but on the side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet, GROUP 3. FRUCTUS RAVI—FRUIT RUSSETED. 1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow.— 2. The coatings of russet are very conspicious.—3. The side next the sun is often dingy, brownish, or ochreous-red.—4. They all decay very readily. GROUP 4. FRUCTUS AUREIL—YELLOW OR GOLDEN FRUIT. GOLDEN REINETTES. 1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with beautiful . crimson.—2. The ground color changes by keeping, to beautiful deep yellow.—8. Over the crimson there is a light, thin trace or complete covering of russet. 2 CLASS IV. MALA MALARIA.—PERFECT OR PURE APPLE SHAPED. , They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid. ORDER I. STRIOLA.STRIPED APPLES. 1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.—2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.—3. The stripes may all be distinct, 14 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. that is, clearly and finely striped ; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; but on the shaded side, the stripes are well defined.—4. The cells are regular. —5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity, — or after the period when it has been properly ripened. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI.—FRUIT FLAT. 1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened—2. They are always half an inch broader than high. GROUP 2, FRUCTUS ACUMINATI—POINTED FRUIT. 1. They are broader than high—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half. / GROUP 3. FRUCTUS OBLONGI_-FRUIT OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL, 1. The height and breadth are almost equal.—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally. GROUP 4. FRUCTUS SPHZRICI—FRUIT ROUND. 1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. When laid on their sides they present a spherical shape. ORDER IU. CONTUBERNALIA.-STORING OR HOUSEHOLD" APPLES. 1. Having the cells regular.—2. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—3. They do not decay readily—4. They are not unctuous when handled.—5. They are never covered with bloom. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS ACUMINATI—FRUIT TAPERING. Diminishing towards the eye. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI—FRUIT FLAT. They are constantly broader than high. Such is the classification of Dochnahl, and although it is not all that could be desired, it is certainly the best which has yet been published, and will serve as a good foundation on which to raise a more perfect work. I have not had an opportunity of applying either of these arrangements to the classification of our British apples, but for the purpose of affording . a little assistance in identifying ‘the different varieties described in this work, I have prepared the following, which, although I am aware is not what could be desired, will at least be sufficient for all veneral purposes. The period of duration, and the coloring of fruits, 5 u L ’ vary to a considers” able extent according to circumstances of soil, situation, and season; but in the following arrangement, I have endeavored to embrace those characters which they are most generally found to possess, THE APPLE.—ITS CLASSIFICATION. 15 I. SUMMER APPLES. Consisting of such as either ripen on the tree, or shortly after being _ gathered, and which generally do not last longer than the beginning of October. eo §—RoUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE. A. Pate Cotorep. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. Calville Blanche d’Eté Dutch Codlin Early Harvest Early Julien Early Spice Joanneting Large Yellow Bough Madeleine Oslin Sack and Sugar Stirzaker’s Early Square B. Srrirep. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ‘ground. Borovitsky Duchess of Oldenburgh Nonesuch Ravelstone Pippin Whorle Cc. Rep. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red, Calville Rouge d’Eté Calville Rouge de Micoud Cole Devonshire Quarrenden Trish Peach Maiden’s Blush Passe Pomme d’Automne Passe Pomme Rouge Red Astrachan § §—oBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. A. Pate Conorep. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. Carlisle Codlin Early Wax English Codlin Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Springrove Codlin Sugar Loaf Pippin Summer Golden Pippin .Teuchat’s Egg White Astrachan B. Srrirep, Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. American Summer Pearmain I. AUTUMN Creeper. Kerry Pippin Longville’s Kernel Margaret Pigeonnet Cc. Rep. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red. Dr. Helsham’s Pippin Hollow Core King of the Pippins Sugar and Brandy APPLES. Including such as are in use from the time of gathering to Christmas. 16 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. * §—-ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE. A. Pare CoLorep. Being either of an_uniform pale color, of occasionally tinged with faint red. American Fall Bland’s Jubilee Breedon Pippin Bridgewater Pippin Broadend Broad Eyed Pippin Cobham Dowell’s Pippin Downton Pippin Drap d’Or Early Nonpareil Flanders Pippin Forest Stire. Franklin’s Golden Pippin Gloria Mundi Golden Monday Golden Noble Gooseberry Apple Grange Harvey Apple Pawsan Small Stalk Stead’s Kernel Waltham Abbey Seedling White Westling Winter Lading Yellow Elliot . B. Srrirep. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. Bachelor’s Glory Biggs’s Nonesuch Cellini Chester Pearmain Creed’s Marigold Elford Pippin Flushing Spitzenburgh Gravenstein Green Woodcock Hermann’s Pippin Hoary Morning Hollandbury § §—oBLONG, CONICAL, A. Pate Cotorep. , Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red. Brookes’s Catshead Kentish Fill Basket Kingston Black Longstart Monkton Nanny Rabine Rambour Franc Red-Streak ; Red Streaked Rawling Siberian Harvey Summer Strawberry Trumpington C. Rep. Having either a cloud of red on the , side next the sun, or entirely covered with red. Api Etoillé Bere Court Pippin Borsdorffer Burn’s Seedling Calville Rouge d’Automne Cherry Apple Contin Reinette Flower of Kent Forge Foxley Glory of the West Greenup’s Pippin Hawthornden Isle of Wight Pippin Lady’s Delight De Neige Red-Must Rymer Scarlet Crofton Scarlet Tiffing Scotch Bridget Siberian Bitter Sweet Summer Broadend D, Rosset. Being entirely or to a great extent covered with russet. Brown Kenting Cornish Aromatic Ten Shillings ~ OVAL, OR OVATE. Coccagee Costard Cray Pippin Green Tiffing Hargreave’s Green Sweet Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance Isleworth Crab 34 THE APPLE.—ITS CLASSIFICATION. 17 Kilkenny Pearmain Lucombe’s Pine Marmalade Melrose Monkland Pippin Nelson Codlin Pitmaston Golden Wreath Proliferous Reinette Sheep’s Nose Tarvey Codlin Toker’s Incomparable Transparent Codlin White Wine Wormsley Pippin Yellow Ingestrie B. Srrrrep. Being wholly or partially murked, with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. Augustus Pearmain Belle et Bonne Colonel Vaughan’s Bennet Apple Best Bache Boughton Cowarne Red Duke of Beaufort’s Pippin Duncan Emperor Alexander Fill Basket Garter Glory of England Golden Streak Golden Winter Pearmain Hagloe Crab Mére de Ménage Moore’s Seedling Queen of Sauce Summer Pearmain White Paradise C. Rep. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely co- vered with red, Fox Whelp Friar Ganges Grey Leadington Kentish Pippin Long Nose Pigeon Red Ingestrie Wickham’s Pearmain Woodcock D. Russet. Being entirely, or to wu great extent covered with russet. Bowyer’s Russet Patch’s Russet Pine Apple Russet II.—WINTER APPLES. Including such as are in use during the whole of the Winter and Spring. §—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE. A. Pare CoLorep. Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red, Alfriston Bedfordshire Foundling Belledge Pippin Birmingham Pippin Blenheim Pippin Bringewood Pippin Calville Blanche d’Hiver Cluster Golden Pippin Court of Wick Devonshire Buckland Dredge’s Fair Maid of Wishford Dredge’s Fame Essex Pippin Cc Fair’s Nonpareil Famagusta Fenouillet Jaune Gogar Pippin Golden Pippin Holland Pippin Hollow Crowned Pippin Hughes’s Golden Pippin Minchall Crab Morris’s Court of Wick Rambo Reinette Diel Reinette Franche Reinette Jaune Sucrée Reinette Vert Rhode Island Greening Saint Julien Screveton Golden Pippin 18 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Siely’s Mignonne Sleeping Beauty Spitzenberg Veiny Pippin Wyken Pippin Yellow Newtown Pippin B. Srrirep. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pule or colored ground. Brabant Bellefleur Calville Rouge d’Hiver Caroline Christie’s Pippin Dutch Mignonne Fulwood Golden Reinette Gros Faros Hall Door Hambledon Deux Ans Hoskreiger Keeping Red Streak Kirke’s Lord Nelson Lincolnshire Holland Pippin Lucombe’s Seedling Newtown Spitzenberg Ribston Pippin Round Winter Nonesuch Roya) Reinette Scarlet Nonpareil Selwood’s Reinette Shakespere Shepherd’s Fame Somerset Lasting Spice Apple Striped Beefing Striped Monstrous Reinette Taunton Golden Pippin Watson’s Dumpling West Grinstead Pippin Yorkshire Greening C. Rep. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely co- vered with red, Api Api Gros Api Noir Baddow Pippin Bank | Belle Grisdeline Braddick’s Nonpareil Brickley Seedling Calville Malingre Clara Pippin Coul Blush. Court Pendu-Plat Dumelow’s Seedling Fair Maid of Taunton Fearn’s Pippin Harvey’s Pippin Haute Bonté London Pippin Mela Carla : Minier’s Dumpling Newtown Pippin Nonpareil Norfolk Beefing Norfolk Paradise Northern Greening Osterley Pippin Padley’s Pippin Pearson’s Plate Petworth Nonpareil Pomewater Reinette de Breda Reinette Blanche d’Espagne Reinette de Canada Reinette Van Mons Rose de China Royal Shepherd Sir William Gibbons’s Sops in Wine Squire’s Greening Sturmer Pippin Surry Flat Cap Turk’s Cap Wanstall Wheeler’s Extreme White Virgin Winter Colman Winter Greening Winter Majetin D. Russet. Being entirely, or to a great extent, covered with russet. Acklam’s Russet Aromatic Russet Ashmead’s Kernel Boston Russet Byson Wood Russet Fenomllet Gris Fenomllet Rouge Golden Harvey Horsham Russet Keeping Russet Knobbed Russet Morris’s Russet New Rock Pippin Pennington’s Seedling Pile’s Russet Pitmaston Nonpareil Pomme Grise Powell’s Russet Reinette Carpentin Reinette Grise Robinson’s Pippin Ross Nonpareil Royal Russet Sam Young Sweeney Nonpareil Sykehouse Russet Wheeler’s Russet THE APPLE.—ITS CLASSIFICATION. 19 § § —OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. A. Pate Cotorep. Being either of an uniform pale color or occasionally tinged with faint red. Barton’s Incomparable Beachamwell Bossom Cockle Pippin Coe’s Golden Drop Colonel Harbord’s Pippin Darling Pippin Hanwell Souring Hormead Pearmain Hunthouse Lemon Pippin Mitchelson’s Seedling Norfolk Stone Pippin Nottingham Pippin Oxnead Pearmain Pitmaston Golden Pippin Pope’s Apple Tower of Glammis Trumpeter Warner’s King Winter Codlin B. Srrirep. Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground. Adams’s Pearmain Baldwin Baxter’s Pearmain Beauty of Kent Benwell’s Pearmain Bess Pool Bristol Pearmain Claygate Pearmain Cornish Gilliflower Esopus Spitzenburgh Federal Pearmain Grange’s Pearmain Lamb Abbey Pearmain Lewis’s Incomparable Loan’s Pearmain Margil Parry’s Pearmain CR Royal Pearmain Scarlet Leadington Scarlet Pearmain Seek-no-Farther Winter Pearmain Winter Quoining C. Rep. Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely co- vered with red. Barcelona Pearmain Farleigh Pippin Foulden Pearmain Hunt’s Deux Ans Hutton Square Irish Reinette Lady’s Finger Mannington’s Pearmain New York Pippin Ord’s Apple Petit Jean Pomeroy Ponto Pippin Russet Table Pearmain Tulip Vale Mascal Pearmain Violette Wadhurst Pippin Whitmore Pippin Woolman’s Long D. Rosset. Being entirely, or to w great extent, covered with russet. Betsey Forman’s Crew Golden Knob Golden Pearmain Golden Russet Hubbard’s Pearmain Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester Martin Nonpareil Morris’s Nonpareil Russet Pinner Seedling Rosemary Russet Rushock Pearmain Uellner’s Gold Reinette 20 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 1. ACKLAM’S RUSSET.—Fors. IprntiFrcation.—Fors. Treat. 92. Lind. Guide, 85. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 733, Synonyme.—Aclemy Russet, Gibs. Fr. Gurd. 359. Fruit, ‘below the medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high; round and somewhat flattened. Skin, pale yellow tinged with green, and covered with thin grey russet, particularly on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a smooth, round, and shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, white with a greenish tinge, firm, crisp, juicy, and highly flavoured. An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; ripe in November, and will keep under favourable circumstances till March. The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds best in a dry soil, and is well adapted for espalier training. This variety is supposed to have originated at the village of Acklam, in Yorkshire. 2. ADAMS’S PEARMAIN.—Lind. IbentiFication.—Lind. Guide, 60. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 529. Synonymp.—Norfolk Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 685. Figure.—Pom. Mag. t. 133. Fruit, large, varying from two inches and a half to three inches high and about the same in breadth at the widest part; pearmain - shaped, very even, and regularly formed. Skin, pale yellow tinged with green, and covered with delicate russet on the shaded side; but deep yellow tinged with red, and delicately streaked with live- lier red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, \ with acute erect segments, set in a narrow, round, and plaited basin. Stalk,varying from half an inch to an inch long, oblique- . ly inserted in a shallow cavity, and generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 21 it. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with an agreeable and pleasantly perfumed flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to Feb- ruary. It is a large and very handsome variety, and worthy of general cultivation. The tree is a free and healthy grower, producing long slender shoots, by which, and its cucullated ovate leaves, it is easily distinguished. It is an excellent bearer even in a young state, particularly on the paradise or doucin stock, and succeeds well as an espalier. 3. ALFRISTON.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 8. Lind. Guide, 26. Down. Fr. Amer. 97. Synonymus.—Lord Gwydyr’s Newtown Pippin, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Old- aker’s New, Zid. Shepherd’s Pippin, in Sussec. Shepherd’s Seedling, Lbid. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxv. f. 1. Fruit, of the largest size, generally about three inches and a half wide, and from two and three quarters to three inches high ; roundish, and angular on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow on the shaded side, and tinged with orange next the sun, covered all over with veins, or reticu- lations of russet. Eye, open, set in a deep and uneven basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, juicy, sugary, and briskly flavoured. : 2 This is one of the largest and best culinary apples. — Tt comes into use in the beginning of November and continues till April. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, very hardy, and an abund- ant bearer. 22 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. This variety is supposed to have been raised by a person of the name of Shepherd, at Uckfield, in Sussex, and has for many years been exten- sively cultivated in that county, under the names of Shepherd’s Seedling, and Shepherd’s Pippin, two names by which it is there most generally known. Some years ago a Mr. Brooker, of Alfriston, near Hailsham, in Sussex, sent specimens of the fruit to the London Horticultural Society, by whom, being unknown, it was called the Alfriston, a name by which it is now generally known, except in its native county. By some it is erroneously called the Baltimore and Newtown Pippin. +. AMERICAN FALL PIPPIN.—H. Srnonyme.—Fall Pippin, Cowe. View, 109, Down. Fr. Amer. 84. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; roundish, ribbed on the sides, and almost the same width at the apex as the base. Skin, yellow tinged with green, and strewed with brown dots on the shaded side; but with a tinge of eown and numerous embedded pearly specks on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with broad, flat Segments, set in a wide, deep and rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in “ ay ae rab se is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yel- owish, sli tinged with green at th i jui ey pared aa pleseeniiy ies ee Ure ae Unlike the majority of American A les, this co - tion in this country, and is a salable sat fiuttnnte oulthen - a is ripe in October and will last till Christmas. a THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 23 This is the true Fall Pippin of the American orchards, and a very different variety from the Fall Pippin of this country, which is known by the names of Cobbett’s Fall Pippin, and Reinette Blanche d’Espagne. 5. AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN.—Ken. IpENTIFICATION.—Ken. Amer. Or. 1. Hort Soc. Cat.ed.3. Down. Fr. Amer. 70. SrnonyME.—Early Summer Pearmain, Core. View, 104. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, covered with patches and streaks of light red, on the shaded side ; and streaked with fine bright red, interspersed with markings of yellow on the side next the sun, Eye, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, very tender, rich, and pleasantly flavored. An excellent early apple, either for.dessert or kitchen use. It is ripe in the end of August, and will keep till the end of September. The tree is a healthy grower, a prolific bearer, and succeeds well on light soils. ‘ 6. API.—Duh. IDENTIFICATION.—Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 309. Quint. Traité, 1, 202. Synonymes.— Lady Apple, Coze. View, 117. Down. Fr. Amer. 115. Pomme @’Apict, Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Pomme Appease, Worl. Vin. 165. L’Api, Bret. Ecole, II. 478. Pomme d’Apis, Knoop. Pom. 68, t. xii. Api Rouge, Pott. Pom. Frang. t. 113. Pomme @’Api, Fors. Treat. 121. Petit Api Rouge, Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 105. Api Petit, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n.11. Pomme Rose, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. erroneously. Pomme Dieu and Long Bois, in some provinces of France. Kleine Api Apfel, Christ. Handb. ed. 2,n. 145. Der Jungfernapfel, Christ Hundworter, 17.. Der Einfache, der Welsche Api, Jéid. Bollen oder Traubenapfel, Ibid. Api Roesje, Zoid. Appius Claudius, Evelyn. Fr. Gard. 124. Malus Apiosa, Hort. Par. Ficures.—Duh. Arb. Fr. I. pl. ix. Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xxvii. f 1. Jard. fruit, ed. 2, pl. 105. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f 1. Fruit, small; oblate. Skin, thick, smooth, and shining, yellowish green in the shade, changing to pale yel- low as it attains maturity; and deep glossy red, approaching to crimson, onthe side next the sun. Eye, small, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in- serted. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, sweet, very juicy, and slightly per- fumed. A beautiful little dessert apple in use from October to April. It should be eaten with the skin on, as it is there that the perfume, is contained. The skin is very sensitive of shade, and any device may be formed upon it, by causing pieces of paper, in the form of the ee required, to adhere on the side exposed to the sun, before it has attaine its deep red color. a4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The tree is of a pyramidal habit of growth, healthy, and an abundant bearer. It succeeds well in almost any situation, provided the soil is rich, loamy, and not too light or dry; and may be grown with equal success either on the doucin, or crab stock. When worked on the French para- dise it is well adapted for pot culture. The fruit is firmly attached to the spurs and forcibly resists the effects of high winds. It has been asserted, that this apple was brought from Peloponessus to Rome, by Appius Claudius. Whether this be true or not, there can be no doubt it is of great antiquity, as all the oldest authors regard it as the production of an age prior to their own. Dalechamp and Harduin are of opinion that it is the Petisia of Pliny ; but J. Baptista Porta considers it to be the Appiana of that author, who thus describes it, “ Odor est his cotoneorum magnitudo que Claudianis, color rubens.”* From this description it is evident that two varieties are referred to, the Appiana and Claudiana. Such being the case, J. Baptista Porta says, “ duo sunt apud nos mala, magnitudine, et colore paria, et preciosa, quorum unum odorem servat cotoneorum, alterum minimé. Quod odore caret, vulgo dictum Melo rosa. Id roseo colore perfusum est, mira teneritudine et sapore, minimé fugax, pomum magnitudine media, ut facile cum ceteris de principaiu certet, nec indignum Claudii nomine. Hoc Claudianum dicerem.”> This Melo Rosa may possibly be the Pomme Rose or Gros Api; and if so, we may infer that the Api is the Appiana, and the Gros Api the Claudiana of Pliny. This, however, may be mere conjecture, but as the authority referred to, was a native of Naples, and may be sup- posed to know something of the traditionary associations of the Roman fruits, I have deemed it advisable to record his opinion on the subject. According to Merlet, the Api was first discovered as a wilding in the Forest of Api, in Brittany. Although mentioned by most of the early continental writers, the Api does not appear to have been known in this country, till towards the end of the 17th century. It is first mentioned by Worlidge, who calls it “ Pomme Appease, a curious apple, lately propagated ; the fruit is small and pleasant, which the Madams of France carry in their pockets, by reason they yield no unpleasant scent.” Lister, in his “ Journey to Paris, 1698,” speaking of this as being one of the apples served up in the dessert, says, “ Also the Pome d’Apis, which is served here more for show than for use; being a small flat apple, very beautiful, and very red on one side, and pale or white on the other, and may serve the ladies at their toilets as a pattern to paint by.” De Quintinye calls it “ Une Pomme des Damoiselles et de bonne compagnie.” Under the name of Lady Apple, large quantities of the Api are annu- ally imported to this country from the United States, where it is grown to a great extent, and produces a considerable return to the growers, as it always commands the highest price of any other fancy apple in the market. In the winter months, they may be seen encircled with various coloured tissue papers, adorning the windows of the fruiterers in Covent Garden Market. There are other varieties mentioned by J. B. Porta as belonging to the Api family ; one which ripened in August, in size like the Claudiana @ Plinii Hist. Nat. Lib. xv., cap. 14. Db Ville, p. 278. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 25 already mentioned, and commonly called Melo Appio Rosso, because it retained the scent of the Api; this is probably the Rother Sommer-api of Diel. There is another, of which he says, “ Assererem tuto esse Mela- pium Plinii,” and which was held in such estimation as to give rise to the proverb— “ Omme malum malum preter appium malun.” 7. API GROS.—Duh. IpentiFIcaTion.—Duh. Arb. Fr. 1, 312. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Synonymes.—Pomme Rose, Quint. Traité, I. 203, but not of Knoop. Pomme ad Api Gros. Fon. Pyr. Mal. 39. Passe-rose, Chart. Cat. 55. Grosser Api, Rosenapi, Diel Kernodst. iv., 228. ApiRose. Doppelter Api, Ace. Christ Hand- worter. Rubenapfel, Zoid. Api Grand, Ibid. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xx. f. 1. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches high; oblate. Skin, pale green, changing as it ripens to pale yel- low on the shaded side, and pale red, mottled with green, where exposed tothe sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide, rather deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, crisp, very juicy, and briskly flavored. Suitable either for the dessert, or for culinary purposes ; it is inferior to the Api and not a first-rate apple. In use from December to March. The tree has much similarity to the Api in its growth, and is a good bearer. _This is a variety of the preceding, and closely resembles it in all its parts, except that it is much larger. “ La Pomme Rose resemble extre- mement partout son exterieur a la Pomme d’Apis, mais a mon goit elle ne la vaut pas quoy que puissent dire les curieux du Rhone, qui la veu- lent autant élever aussi au dessus des autres, qu’ils élevent la Poire Chat au dessus des autres Poires.”—-De Quiniinye. & API ETOILLE.—Diel. IpentiFicatTion.—Diel. Kernobst. B. iv. 31. Synoyymes.—Pomme Etoillée, Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 312. Pomme @Etoille, Ibid. Gelber Sternformiger Api, Diel Kernobst. B. iv. 31. Sternapfel, Christ Hand- worter, 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 797. This is a variety of the Api, from which it is distinguished by being very much flattened, and furnished with five very prominent angles on the sides, which give it the appearance of a star, hence its name. It is of a deep yellow on the shaded side, and redish orange next the sun. It is a well-flavored apple, but only of second-rate quality. It ripens about the middle or end of September. The variety received under this name by the London Horticultural Society must have been incorrect, as in the last edition of their catalogue it is made synonymous with Api Petit. 26 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 9. API NOIR.—Duh. Ipentirication.—Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 311. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Synonymz.—Schwarzer Api, Diel Kernobst. ix. 214. Ficure.—Poit et. Turp. pl. 137. Fruit, small, but a little larger and somewhat flatter than the Api, to which it bears a close resemblance. Skin, tender, smooth, and shining as if varnished, and almost entirely covered, where exposed to the sun, with very dark crimson, almost approaching to black, like the Pomme Violette, but becoming paler towards the shaded side, where there is generally a patch of light yellow; it is strewed with fawn-colored dots, and some markings of russet. Eye, very small, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, about three quarters of an inch | long, inserted in a rather deep, wide, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, pure white, firm and juicy, tinged with red under the skin, and with a pleasant, vinous, and slightly per- fumed flavor. A dessert apple, inferior to the Api, and cultivated merely for curi- osity. It is in use from November to April, but is very apt to become meally. The habit of the tree is similar to that of the Api, but it is rather a larger grower. 10. AROMATIC RUSSET.—Lind. IpENTIFICATION.—Lind. Guide, 86. Rog. Fr. Cult. 105, Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about two inches and a quarter high ; roundish-ovate, and flattened at both ends. Skin, greenish yellow, almost entirely covered with brownish grey russet, strewed with brownish scales on the shaded side, and slightly tinged with brownish red, strewed with silvery scales on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and open, with broad recurved segments, and set in a rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and richly aromatic. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from December to February. The tree is very hardy and an abundant bearer. 11. ASHMEAD’S KERNEL.—Lind. Ipentirication.—Lind, Guide, 86. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 63, but not of Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Synonyme.—Dr. Ashmead’s Kernel, in Gloucestershire. Ficgure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal, pl xxxii. f. 5. Fruit, below medium size; round and flattened, but sometimes consider- ably elongated ; the general character, however, is shown in the accom- panying figure. Skin, light greenish yellow, covered with yellowish brown russet, and a tinge of brown next the sun. Eye, small and partially open placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round and THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. Q7 deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, rich, and highly aromatic. A dessert apple of the very first quality, possessing all the richness of the Nonpareil, but with a more sugary juice. It comes into use in No- vember, but is in greatest perfection from Christmas till May. The tree is very hardy, an excellent bearer, and will succeed in situa- tions unfavorable to the Nonpareil, to which its leaves and shoots bear such a similarity, as to justify Mr. Lindleyin believing it to be a seedling from that variety. This delightful apple was raised at Gloucester, about the beginning of last century, by Dr. Ash- mead, an eminent physician of that city. The original tree existed within the last few years, in what had origi- nally been Dr. Ashmead’s garden, but was destroyed in consequence of the ground being required for building. It stood on the spot now oc- cupied by Clarence Street. It is difficult to ascertain the exact period when it was raised ; but the late Mr. Hignell, an eminent or- chardist at Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire, informed me, that the first time he ever saw the fruit of Ashmead’s Kernel, was from a tree in the nursery of Mr. Wheeler, of Gloucester, in the year 1796, and that the tree in question had been worked from the original, and was at that time upwards of thirty years old. From this it may be inferred that the original tree had attained some celebrity by the middle of last century. The Ashmead’s Kernel has long been a favorite apple in all the gardens of West Gloucestershire, but it does not seem to have been known in other parts of the country. Like the Ribston Pippin it seems to have remained long in obscurity, before its value was generally appreciated ; it is not even enumerated in the catalogue of the extensive collection which was cultivated by Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790. I find it was cultivated in the Brompton Park Nursery, in 1780, at which time it was received from Mr. Wheeler, nurseryman, of Gloucester,who was author of “ The Botanist’s and Gardener’s Dictionary,” published in 1763, and grandfather of Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler, the present proprietor of the nursery, to whom I am indebted for specimens of the fruit, and much valuable information connected with the varieties cultivated in that district. 12. AUGUSTUS PEARMAIN —Hort. InentiFication, —- Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. p. 30. Fruit, below medium size ; pearmain-shaped, regular and handsome. Skin, thick and membranous, yellow in the shade, and marked with a few 2 Le BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC, broken stripes of red ; but red, streaked all over with deeper red on the side next the sun; it is dotted with grey dots, and sometimes marked with patches of grey - colored russet, which is strewed with scales of a darker color. Eye, small and closed, with long segments, set in a narrow and even basin. Stalk, very short, not protruding beyond the base, and having the appear- ance of a knob obliquely at- tached. Flesh, tender, juicy, brisk, and vinous, with a pleasant aromatic flavor. A dessert apple, gene- rally of only second-rate quality; but in some sea- sons it is of a rich flavor and of first-rate quality. It is in use from November to Christmas. 13. BACHELOR’S GLORY.—H. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two and three quarters high ; roundish and irregularly ribhed, generally higher on one side of the eye than the other. Skin, smooth and shining, striped with deep golden yellow, and crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a plaited, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, about half an inch long, deeply inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined ts Pe scaly russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and pleasantly avored. A second-rate fruit, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; in use from October to November This is a variety grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it is much esteemed, but in the southern districts, where the more choice varieties can be brought to perfection, it can only rank as a second- rate fruit. 14. BADDOW PIPPIN.—H. Srvonrmz.—Spring Ribston, Riv. Cat. 1848. Fruit, medium sized; roundish or rather oblate, with prominent ribs on the sides, which terminate in four, and sometimes five considerable ridges at the crown, very much in the character of the London Pippin. It is sometimes of an ovate shape, caused by the stalk being prominent instead of depressed, in which case the ribs on the sides, and ridges round the eye, are less apparent. Skin, deep lively green, changing as it ripens to yellowish green, on the shaded side; but covered on the THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 29 side next the sun with dull red, which changes to orange where it blends with the yellow ground ; the whole considerably marked with thin brown russet, and russety dots. Eye, rather large and open, with short segments, and set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not more than a quarter of an inch long, and inserted in a shal- low cavity. Flesh, green- ish white, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and with a particu- larly rich and vinous flavor, partaking somewhat of the Nonpareil and Ribston, but particularly the latter. This is a first-rate dessert apple, in use in November, and possessing the desirable property of keeping till April or May. This variety originated in the garden of Mr. John Harris, of Broom- field, near Chelmsford, and was first introduced to public notice in the autumn of 1848. 15. BALDWIN.—Ken. IpenTIFICATION.—Ken. Amer. Or. 41. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n. 22. Down. Fr. Amer, 98. Synonyrmes.—Red Baldwin, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Butter’s, Ibid. Wood- pecker, Ibid. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and about three inches high ; ovato-conical. Skin, smooth, yellow on the shaded side; and on the side next the sun, deep orange, covered with stripes of bright red, which sometimes extend over the whole snrface to the shaded side, and marked with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a deep, nar- row, and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, and inserted in a deep cavity, from which issue ramifying patches of russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid, with a rich and agreeable flavor. A culinary apple, in season from November to March. The tree is vigorous, and an abundant bearer ; but like the generality of the Ameri- can sorts, it does not attain the size, or flavor in this country, which it does in its native soil. This is considered one of the finest apples in the Northern States of America, and is extensively grown in Massachussets, for the supply of the Boston Market. 16. BANK APPLE.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and about two inches and a half high; roundish-ovate, regularly and handsomely formed. Skin, greenish yellow, with a blush and faint streaks of red next the sun, dotted all over with minute dots, and marked with several 30 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. large spots of rough russet ; the base is covered with a coating of russet, strewed with silvery scales. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch long, obliquely inserted by the side of a fleshy prominence. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk, juicy, and pleasantly acid, resembling the Winter Greening in flavor. It is an excellent culinary apple, in use from November to February ; but as it has nothing to recommend it, in preference to other varieties already in cultivation, it need only be grown in large collections. The original tree was produced from a pip, accidentally sown in the home nursery of Messrs. Ronalds, of Brentford, and from growing on a bank by the side of a ditch, it was called the Bank Apple. 17. BARCELONA PEARMAIN.—Hort. IpentiFicaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 532. Lind. Guide, 62. Rog. Fr. Cult. 74. Srnonymes.—Speckled Golden Reinette, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 933. Speckled Pearmain, Ibid. ed. 2. Polinia Pearmain, Acc. Rog. Fr. Cult. Reinette Rousse, Duh. Arb. Fr. I, 302. Reinette des Carmes, Ace. Chart. Cat. 51. Glace Rouge, fort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,0. 365. Kleine Casseler Reinette, Diel Kernobst. I. 182. Cassel Reinette, Christ. Handb. No. 58. Ficurrs.—Pom. Mag. t. 85, Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxi., f. 4. Fruit, of medium size; oval. Skin, clear pale yellow, mottled with red in the shade; but dark red next the sun, the whole covered with numerous star-like rus- sety specks, those on the shaded side being brownish, and those next the sun yellow. Eye, small and open, with erect acuminate segments, and set ina round, even, and pretty. deep basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, very juicy, and with a rich, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor. One of the best des- ; sert apples, and equall: valuable for culinary purposes. It comes to Hedtection short the ni of November, and continues in use till March. The tree is a free grower, but does not attain the largest size. It is THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 31 very hardy, an abundant bearer, and succeeds well either as a standard ‘or an espalier. In the third edition of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, this is said to be the same as Reinette Rouge. I do not think that it is the Reinette Rouge of the French, which Duhamel describes as being white, or clear yellow in the shade, having often prominent ribs round the eye, which extend down the sides, so as to render the shape angular ; a character at variance with that of the Barcelona Pearmain. But I have no doubt of it being the Reinette Rousse of the same author, which is described at page 302, vol. 1, as a vaciety of Reinette Franche, and which he says is of an elongated shape, skin marked with a great number of russety spots, the most part of which are of a longish figure, so much so, when it is ripe, it appears as if variegated with yellow and red; a character in every way applicable to the Barcelona Pearmain. 18. BARTON’S INCOMPARABLE.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 352 ? Fruit, below medium size; in shape somewhat like a Golden Knob, _ovate or conical, with pro- minent ribs on the sides, which terminate in five ridges round the eye. Skin, yellowish green, covered with.patches of pale brown russet, thickly strewed with large russety freckles, like the Barcelona Pearmain, and tinged with orange next the sun. Eye, small, partially open, with reflexed segments, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, nearly three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, ten- der, crisp, brittle,very juicy, and when eaten is quite a mouthful of lively vinous juice. A dessert apple of the highest excellence, in use from October to February. The tree is a good and healthy grower, attains a considerable size, and is an excellent bearer. This variety seems to be but little known, and considering its excel- lence rarely cultivated. I am not aware that it exists in any of the nurseries, or that it was at any period extensively propagated. The only place where I ever met with it was, in the private garden of the late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith, whence I procured grafts from a tree in the last stage of decay. 32 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 19. BAXTER’S PEARMAIN.—Lind. Ipentirication.—G. Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p.67. Lind. Guide, 62. Hort, Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 533. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; roundish-ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, pale green, but tinged with red, and marked with a few indistinct streaks of darker red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long spreading segments, and placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellowish, firm, brisk, and sugary, and with an abund- ance of pleasantly acid juice. An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the dessert ; in use from November to March. The tree is hardy, vigorous, a most abundant bearer, and even in sea- sons when other varieties fail, this is almost safe to ensure a plentiful crop. Itis extensively cultivated in Norfolk, and deserves to be more generally known in other districts of the country. 20. BEACHAMWELL.—Hort. IpEeNTIFICATION—Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 13. Synonymers.—Beachamwell Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed.1, 42. Motteux’s Seed- ling, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Ficures.—Pom. Mag. t. 82. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxvii. f. 6. Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate, handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, greenish yellow, covered with patches and dots of russet, particularly round the eye. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow, narrow, and even basin. Stalk, about half an inch long, almost embedded in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a rich, brisk, and sugary flavor. A’rich and deliciously flavored dessert apple, of the highest excel- lence; in use from December to March. The tree is perfectly hardy, a healthy and vigorous grower, but does not attain a large size; it is an excellent bearer. This variety was raised by John Motteux, Esq., of Beachamwell, in Norfolk, where, according to Mr. George Lindley, the original tree still existed in 1831. It is not very generally cultivated, but ought to form one even in the smallest collections. 21. BEAUTY OF KENT.—Fors. IpEnTIFICATION.—Fors. Treat. 93. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. Down. Fr. Amer. 81. Synonymp.—Kentish Pippin, of some, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. FicurEs.—Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xc. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xv. f. 1. Fruit, large; roundish-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and narrowing towards the apex, where it is terminated by several prominent angles. Skin, deep yellow slightly tinged with green, and marked with faint patches of red, on the shaded side ; but entirely covered with deep red, except where there are a few patches of deep yellow, on the side THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 33 next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, and set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which, with the base, is entirely covered with rough brown russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. A valuable and now well-known culinary apple, in use from October to February. When well grown the Beauty of Kent is perhaps the most magnificent apple in cultivation. Its great size, the beauty of its color- ing, the tenderness of the flesh, and profusion of delicate sub-acid juice, constitute it one of our most popular winter apples, for culinary pur- poses, and one of the most desirable and useful, either for a small garden, or for more extended cultivation. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attains a large size, and is a good bearer ; but I have always found it subject to canker when grown on the paradise stock, and in soils which are moist and heavy. I have not been able to ascertain the time when, or the place where this variety originated. It is first noticed by Forsyth in his Treatise on Fruit Trees, but is not enumerated in any of the nurserymen’s cata- logues, either of the last, or the early part of the present, century. It was introduced to the Brompton Park Nursery, about the year 1820, and is now as extensively cultivated as most other leading varieties. In America, Downing says, “the fruit in this climate is one of the most magnificent of all apples, frequently measuring sixteen or eighteen inches in circumference.” D 34 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 22, BEDFORDSHIRE FOUNDLING.—Hort. Ipentirication.— Hort. Soc. Cat, ed. 3, n. 42. Lind. Guide, 63. Down. Fr. Amer. 107. Synonyme,—Cambridge Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Fraure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxviii, f. 2. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, with irregular and pro- minent angles on the sides, which extend to the apex, and form ridges round the eye. Skin, dark green at first, and changing, as it attains maturity, to pale greenish yellow on the shaded side; but tinged with orange on the side next the sun, and strewed with a few fawn-colored dots. Eye, open, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, pleasantly sub-acid, and with a somewhat sugary flavor. An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from Novem- ber to March. 23. BELLE BONNE.—Lind. IDENTIFICATION.—Lind. Guide, 63. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 43. Synonymes.—Winter Belle boon, Park. Par. 587. Winter Belle and Bonne, Rai Hist. 11, 1448. Winter Belle and Bon, Worl. Vin. 156. Rolland, Ace. Lind. Guide. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and three and a quarter high ; ovato-conical. Skin, thick, pale greenish yellow, and marked with a few redish streaks on the side next the sun. Eye, small and - closed. Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy lip. Flesh, firm, juicy, and well-flavored. A valuable culinary apple, in use from October to January. The tree — is very hardy, a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a good bearer. This is a very old English variety. It was known to Parkinson so early as 1629, and also to Worlidge and Ray. But it is not noticed by any subsequent author, or enumerated in any of the nursery catalogues of the last century, until discovered by George Lindley, growing ina garden at Gatton, near Norwich, and published by him in the Trans- actions of the London Horticultural Society, vol. iv., p. 58. He seems to be uncertain whether it is the Summer, or Winter Belle Bonne of these early authors, but Worlidge’s description leaves no doubt as to its iden- tity. He says “ The Summer Belle et Bonne is a good bearer, but the | fruit is not long lasting. The Winter Belle and Bon is much to be pre- ferred to the Summer in every respect.” I have no doubt, therefore, that the latter is the Belle Bonne of Lindley. Parkinson says “they are both fair fruit to look on, being yellow, and of a meane (medium) bignesse.” 24. BELLEDGE PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentTIFIcaTIon.—Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 49. Synonymes. — Belledge, Lind. Guide, 36. Belledge Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 65. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xvi., f. 4. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 35 high; roundish, narrowing a little towards the apex, regularly and hand- somely formed. Skin, pale green, changing to yellow as it ripens, with a tinge of brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with grey rus- sety dots. Eye, small, partially closed with short segments, and placed in a round, narrow, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, soft, brisk, sugary, and aromatic. An excellent, but not first-rate apple, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes. It is in use from November to March. 25. BELLE GRIDELINE.—Lind. [penrtirication.—Lind. Plan Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 36. Synonymr.—Belle Grisdeline, Fors. Treat. 93. Fruit, medium sized; round, and regularly formed. Skin, clear yel- low, marbled and washed with clear red, and intermixed with thin grey russet next the sun. Eye, set in a deep, round basin. Stalk, slender, deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and briskly flavored. An excellent dessert apple, in season from December to March. The tree is healthy and vigorous, of the middle size, and an excellent bearer. This beautiful variety was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who found it growing in a small garden near Surrey Street Gates, Norwich, where it had originated about the year 1770. Mr. Lindley first propagated it in 1793, and the original tree died about seven years afterwards. 26. BENNET APPLE.—Knight. IDENTIFICATION AND Ficure.—Pom. Heref. t.21. Lind Guide, 103. Fruit, somewhat long, irregularly shaped, broad at the base, and nar- row at the apex, but sometimes broader at the middle than either of the extremities. A few obtuse angles terminate at the eye, which is small and nearly closed, with very short segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, and very slender. Skin, dingy colored russety grey in the shade; and shaded on the sunny side with numerous streaks and patches of orange color and muddy red. The specific gravity of the juice is 1073. This is a good cider apple, and produces liquor of great excellence when mixed with other varieties. It is chiefly grown in the deep strong soils of the south-west part of Herefordshire, and is common in the dis- trict known as the Golden Vale. Knight says it was a very old variety, and was known previous to the 17th century, but I have not been able to find any record of it in the early works on Pomology. 27. BENWELL’S PEARMAIN.—Hort. Ipenriricatron.—Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 534. Lind. Guide, 64. Fruit, medium sized; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull green with D2 36 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. broken stripes of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, deeply inserted in a round cavity, scarcely protruding beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, juicy, brisk, and aromatic. A cessert apple, in use from December to January. It received its name from a gentleman of the name of Benwell, of Henley-on-Thames, from whom it was received, and brought into culti- vation by Kirke, a nurseryman at Brompton. 28. BERE COURT PIPPIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. v.p. 400. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n.55. Lind, Guide, 10. Fruit, medium sized; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale green, and changing to yellow as it ripens, with stripes of red next the sun. Eye, open, placed in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, inserted ina deep cavity. Flesh, crisp, juicy, and briskly acid. An excellent culinary apple, in use during September and October. This variety was raised by the Rev. 8. Breedon, D.D., of Bere Court, near Pangbourne, in Berkshire. 29. BESS POOL.—Ron. IpentIFIcaTion.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 46. Synonyme.—Best Pool, Fors. Treat. 94. Ficgure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal, pl. xxiii. f. 8. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and nearly three inches high ; conical, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yel- low, with a few markings of red on the shaded side; but where exposed to the sun it is almost entirely washed and striped with fine clear red. Eye, small, and partially open, set in a rather deep and plaited basin, which is surrounded with five prominent knobs or ridges. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, with generally a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, and surrounded with yellowish brown russet, which extends over a considerable portion of the base. Flesh, white, tender, and juicy, with a fine, sugary, and vinous flavor. An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use. It is in season from November to March. The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. The flowers are very late in expanding, and are, therefore, not liable to be injured by spring frosts. 30. BEST BACHE.—Knight. IbentiFication.—Pom. Heref. t.16. Lind. Guide, 194. SynonymE.—Bache’s Kernel, Ace. Pom. Heref. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend to the apex. Skin, yellow, shaded with pale red, and streaked THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 37 with darker red, interspersed with a few black specks. Eye, small, seg- ments short and flat. Stalk, short and stout. Specific gravity of the juice 1073. A cider apple, grown in the south-east part of Herefordshire. 31. BETSEY.—Hort. IpEnTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 57. Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; roundish, inclining to conical and flattened. Skin, dark green at first, and considerably covered with ashy grey russet; but changing to pale yellow, and with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Hye, open, with short reflexed segments, and set in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, about a quarter of an inch long, with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, and inserted in a shallow and narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, juicy, rich, and sugary. A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to January. 32. BIGGS'S NONESUCH.—Hort. IbEntiFICATION.—Hort. Trans. vol. I. p.70. Lind. Guide, 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 40. SynonymMeE.—Bigg’s Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116. Fiaure.—Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. lxxxviii., f. 3. Fruit, medium sized ; round, and broadest at the base. Skin, yellow, striped with bright crimson next the sun. Lye, open, with long reflexed segments, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in- serted. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy. An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to December. It is fit for use immediately it is gathered off the tree, and has a strong resem- blance to the old Nonesuck, but keeps much longer. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer; attains to the medium size, and is less liable to the attacks of the Woolly Aphis than the old Nonesuch. This variety was raised by Mr. Arthur Biggs, the intelligent and scientific gardener to Isaac Swainson, Esq., of Twickenham, Middlesex. 33. BIRMINGHAM PIPPIN.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Lind. Guide, 38. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 59. Synonymes.—Grumas’s Pippin, Fors. Treat. 105. Brummage Pippin, and Grum- mage Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Stone Pippin of the Nursery Catalogues. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale dingy yellow, mottled and veined with very thin grey russet, and russety round the base. Eye, small, quite open, frequently without any segments, and placed in avery slight depression. Stalk, short, scarcely at all depressed. Flesh, greenish, very firm, crisp, and juicy, briskly and pleasantly flavored. A very good dessert apple; in use from January to June. 38 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. It is remarkable for the firmness and density of its flesh, and Mr, Lindley says, its specific gravity is greater than that of any other apple with which he was acquainted. The tree is of diminutive size, with short but very stout shoots. It is a good bearer. : . , 2 This variety is supposed to be a native of Warwickshire. It is what is generally known in the nurseries, under the name of Stone Pippin, but the Gogar Pippin is also known by that name. 34. BLAND’S JUBILEE.—H. Synonyrmes.—Jubilee Pippin, Hort. Trans, vol. v.,400. Bland’s Jubilee Rose Pip, Nursery Catalogues. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high; round, narrowing a little towards the eye, and obscurely ribbed. Skin, dull yellow tinged with green, but changing to clear yellow as it ripens; marked with russet in the basin of the eye, and strewed over its surface with large russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow, deep, and even basin, Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and perfumed. An excellent apple, either for culinary purposes, or the dessert. It is in use from October to January. This was raised by Michael Bland, Esq., of Norwich. The seed was sown, on the day of the jubilee which celebrated the 50th year of the reign of George III., in 1809, and the tree first produced fruit in 1818. It is not a variety which is met with in general cultivation, but deserves to be more extensively known. 35. BLENHEIM PIPPIN.—Hort. Ipentirication. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 70. Lind. Guide, 38. Down. Fr. Amer, 81. Synonrmes.—Blenheim, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Blenheim Orange, Jbid. Wood- stock Pippin, Jdid. Northwick Pippin, Jéid. Kempster’s Pippin. Ficure.—Pom. Mag. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxi. f. 2, Fruit, large, the average size smaller than represented in the accom- panying figure, being generally three inches wide, and two and a half high ; globular, and somewhat flattened, broader at the base than the apex, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of dull red next the sun, and streaked with deeper red. Eye, large and open, with short stunted segments, placed in a round and rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, rather deeply inserted, and scarcely extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and plea- santly acid. A very valuable and highly esteemed apple, either for the dessert or culinary purposes, but, strictly speaking, more suitable for the latter. It is in use from November to February. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 39 The common complaint against the Blenheim Pippin is, that the tree isa bad bearer. This is undoubtedly the case when it is young, being of a strong and vigorous habit of growth, and forming a large and very beau- tiful standard; but when it becomes a little aged, it bears regular and abundant crops. It may be made to produce much earlier, if grafted on the paradise stock, and grown either as an open dwarf, or an espalier. This valuable apple was first discovered at Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, and received its name from Blenheim, the seat of the Duke of Marl- borough, which is in the immediate neighbourhood. It is not noticed in any of the nursery catalogues of the last century, nor was it cultivated in the London nurseries till about the year 1818. The following interesting account of this favorite variety was recently communicated to the Gardener’s Chronicle. “ In a somewhat delapi- dated corner of the decaying borough of ancicnt Woodstock, within ten yards of the wall of Blenheim Park, stands all that remains of the original stump of that beautiful and justly celcbrated apple, the Blen- heim Orange. It is now entirely dead, and rapidly falling to decay, being a mere shell about ten feet high, loose in the ground, and having a large hole in the centre; till within the last three years, it occasionally sent up long, thin, wiry twigs, but this last sign of vitality has ceased, and what remains will soon be the portion of the woodlouse and the worm. Old Grimmett, the basket-maker, against the corner of whose garden-wall the venerable relict is supported, has sat looking on it from his workshop window, and while he wove the pliant osier, has meditated, for more than fifty successive summers, on the mutability of all sublu- nary substances, on juice, and core, and vegetable, as well as animal, 40 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. and flesh, and blood. He can remember the time when, fifty years ago, he was a boy, and the tree a fine, full-bearing stem, full of bud, and blossom, and fruit, and thousands thronged from all parts to gaze on its ruddy, ripening, orange burden; then gardeners came in the Spring-tide to select the much coveted scions, and to hear the tale of his horticul- tural child and sapling, from the lips of the son of the white-haired Kempster. But nearly a century has elapsed since Kempster fell, like a ripened fruit, and was gathered to his fathers. He lived in a narrow cottage garden in Old Woodstock, a plain, practical, laboring man ; and in the inidst of his bees and flowers around him, and in his “ glorious pride,” in the midst of his little garden, he realized Virgil’s dream of the old Corycian :—‘‘ Et regum equabat opes animis.” The provincial name for this apple is still ‘“ Kempster’s Pippin,” a lasting monumental tribute, and inscription, to him who first planted the kernel from whence it sprang.” 386. BOROVITSKY.—Hort. IpentiFication. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 74. Lind Guide, 3. Down. Fr, Amer, 70. Ficure.—Pom. Mag. t. 10. Frnit, medium sized, two inches high, and about the same in width; roundish and slightly angular. Skin, pale green strewed with silvery russet scales on the shaded side ; and colored with bright red, which is striped with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in a rather wide cavity. Flesh, white, firm, brisk, juicy, and sugary. An excellent early dessert apple, ripe in the middle of August. This was sent from the Taurida Gardens, near St. Petersburg, to the London Horticultural Society in 1824. 387. BORSDORFFER.—Knoop. IpentIFICATION—Knoop. Pom. t.x. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, n. 73. Down. Fr Amer. 99. Syyxonymes.—Porstorffer, Cord. Hist. Reinette Batarde, Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Borstorf, Knoop. Pom. 56. Borstorff Hative, bid. 129. Borstorff & long queue, Ibid. 129, Bursdoff, or Queen’s Apple, Fors. Treat. ed. 3,15, Red Borsdorf- fer, Willich Dom. Encyc. Borsdorft, Lind. Guide, 39. Postophe d’Hiver, Bon. Jard, 1843. p.512. Pomme de prochain, Acc. Diel. Kernobst. Reinette d’Alle- magne, Ibid. Blanche de Leipsic, Acc. Knoop. Pom. Reinette de Misnie, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Grand Bohemian Borsdorfter, Jbid. Edler Winterborstorffer, Diel. Kernobst. Tl. 80. Edel Winterborsdorfer, Ditt. Handb. I. 372. Witte Leipziger, Acc. Knoop. Pom. Maschanzker, Acc. Diel Kernobst. Weiner Mas- chanzkerl, Baum. Cat. 1850. Winter Borsdorfler, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Garret Pippin, Jbid. King, Ibid. King George, Ibid. King George the Third, Ron. Pyr, Mal. 26. Ficures.—Knoop. Pom. t. x. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xiii. f. 8. Fruit, below medium size ; roundish oblate, rather narrower at the apex than the base, handsomely and regularly formed, without ribs or other THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 41 inequalities. Skin, shining, pale waxen yellow in the shade, and bright deep red next the sun; it is strewed with dots, which are yellowish on the sunny side, and brownish in the shade, and marked with veins and slight traces of delicate, yellowish - grey russet. Eye, large and open, with long reflexed segments, placed in a ra- ther deep, round, and pretty even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a narrow, even, and shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white with a yellowish tinge, crisp and delicate, brisk, juicy, and sugary, and with a rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from November to January. The tree is a free grower and very hardy, not subject to canker, and attains the largest size. It is very prolific when it has acquired its full growth, which, in good soil, it will do in fifteen or twenty years; and even in a young state it is a good bearer. If grafted on the paradise stock it may be grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier. The bloom is very hardy, and withstands the night frosts of spring better than most other varieties. This, above all other apples, is the most highly esteemed in Germany. Diel calls it the Pride of the Germans. It is believed to have originated either at a village of Misnia, called Borsdorf, or at a place of the same name near Leipsic. According to Forsyth, it was such a favorite with Queen Charlotte, that she had a considerable quantity of them annually imported from Germany, for her own private use. It is one of the earliest recorded varieties of the continental authors, but does not seem to have been known in this country before the close of the last century. It was first grown in the Brompton Park Nursery in 1785. It is mentioned by Cordus, in 1561, as being cultivated in Misnia; which circumstance has no doubt given rise to the synonyme “ Reinette de Misnie ;” he also informs us it is highly esteemed for its sweet and generous flavor, and the pleasant perfume which it exhales. Wittichius, in his “ Metho- dus Simplicium,” attributes to it the power of dispelling epidemic fevers and madness ! 38. BOSSOM.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv., 528. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n.75. Lind. Guide, 64, Fruit, large and conical; handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, pale greenish yellow, considerably covered with russet, and occasionally marked with bright red next the sun. Eye, set in a shallow and plaited 42 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. basin. Stalk, an inch Jong, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, and with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. a An excellent culinary apple, though not of the first quality, in use during December and January. The flesh is said to assume a fine color when baked. 39. BOSTON RUSSET.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 736. Down. Fr. Amer. 133. Synonymes.—Roxbury Russeting, Ken. Amer. Or, 53. Shippen’s Russet, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Putman’s Russet. Fruit, medium sized, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, somewhat flattened, narrowing towards the apex, and slightly angular. Skin, covered entirely with brownish yellow russet intermixed with green, and sometimes with a faint tinge of redish brown next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a round and rather shallow basin. Stalk, long, slender, and inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, juicy, sugary, briskly, and richly flavored. A very valuable dessert apple, of the first quality, in season from January to April, and will even keep till June. It partakes much of the flavor of the Ribston Pippin, and, as a late winter dessert apple, is not to be surpassed. The tree is not large, but healthy, very hardy, and an immense bearer, and, when grafted on the paradise stock, is well suited for being grown either as a dwarf, or an espalier. This is an old American variety, and one of the few introduced to this country which attains perfection in our climate. It is extensively grown in the neighbourhood of Boston, U.S., both for home consumption and exportation, and realizes a considerable, and profitable return to the growers. 40. BOWYER’S RUSSET.—Hort. IbertiFIcaTion —Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 38. Lind. Guide, 87. SyrynonymE.—Bowyer’s Golden Pippin, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Figure.—Pom. Mag. t. 121. Fruit, small, two inches high, and about two and a half broad at the base; roundish-ovate. Skin, entirely covered with fine yellow colored russet. Kye, small and closed, set in a small and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, greenish white tinged with yellow, crisp, brisk, and aromatic. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use during September and October. The tree attains a good size, is an abundant bearer, very healthy, and not subject to canker. 41. BRABANT BELLEFLEUR.—Hort. IvEnTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 45. Down. Fr. Amer. 102. SynonymEs.—Brabansche Bellefleur, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,55. Brabant, or Glory of Flanders, Roy. Fr. Cult. 46. Iron Apple, Acc. Ron. Fyr. i - banter Bellefleur, Diel Kernobst. viii. 135° : eerie Mas ASE et Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. tab. xxxi. f. 3. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 43 high; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, or conical, ribbed on the sides, and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish yellow, changing to lemon yellow as it attains maturity, and striped with red next the sun. Eye, large and open, with long broad segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and wide cavity, which is lined with brown russet. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sugary, aromatic, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple of the finest quality, in use from Novem- ber to April. The tree is hardy, and though not strong, is a healthy grower, attain- ing the middle size, and an excellent bearer. This variety was forwarded to the gardens of the London Horticul- tural Society by Messrs. Booth, of Hamburgh. 42. BRADDICK’S NONPAREIL.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. iii, 268. Lind. Guide, 87. Fors. Treat. 118. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 465. SynonyME.—Ditton Nonpareil, Acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. t. xxiv. f. 3. Hort. Trans. vol. iii. t. 10, f. 3. Fruit, medium sized; roundish and flattened, inclining to oblate. Skin, smooth, greenish yellowinthe shade, and brownish red next the sun, russety round the eye, and partially co- vered, on the other portions of the surface, with patches of brown russet. Eye, set in a deep, round, and even basin. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted ina round and rather shal- low cavity. Flesh, yel- lowish, rich, sugary, and aromatic. One of the best winter dessert apples, in use from November to April, and by many considered more sweet, and tender, than the old Nonpareil. . The tree is quite hardy, a slender grower, and never attains to a large size, but is a very excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for dwarfs, or for being grown as an espalier. _ This excellent variety was raised by John Braddick, Esq., of Thames Ditton. 43. BREEDON PIPPIN.—Hort. Ipenrrrrcation.—Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 268. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, u. 85. Lind. Guide, 64. Rog. Fr. Cult. 82. Ficure.—Hort. Trans. vol. iii. pl. 10, f. 1. Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter 44 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. high; roundish, and somewhat oblate, broader at the base than the apex, where it assumes somewhat of a four-sided shape. Skin, deep dull yel- low tinged with redish orange; inclining to red on the side exposed to the sun, and marked with a few traces of delicate brown russet. Eye, open, with short ovate reflexed segments, which are frequently four in number, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch to three quarters long, inserted in a round and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, and with a rich, vinous, and brisk flavor, resembling that of a pine-apple. : : This is one of the best dessert apples; it isin use during October and November. It bears some resemblance to the Court of Wick, but is considerably richer in flavor than that variety. . ; The tree is hardy ; a slender grower, and does not attain a large size ; it is, however, an excellent bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf train- ing, and succeeds well on the paradise stock. This esteemed variety was raised by the Rev. Dr. Symonds Breedon, at Bere Court, near Pangbourne, Berkshire. 44. BRICKLEY SEEDLING.—Hort. IpEnTIFIcATION. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 86. Lind. Guide, 39. Rog. Fr. Cult. 62. Figure.—Pom. Mag. t. 124. Fruit, small, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; round- ish, and narrowing towards the apex. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, and red where exposed to the sun, with a few streaks of red where the two colors blend. Eye, small and open, set in a smooth, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. A very desirable winter dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; itis in use from January to April. The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer. 45. BRIDGEWATER PIPPIN.—Rea. aa Pom. 210. Worl. Vin. 158. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 87. Fruit, large; roundish, and somewhat flattened, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend to the basin of the eye. Skin, deep yellow, strewed with russety dots, and with a blush of red which sometimes as- sumes a lilac hue near the stalk. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a deep, wide, irregular, and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish, briskly, and pleasantly flavored. A good culinary apple of second-rate quality, in use from October to December. This is a very old English variety, being mentioned by Rea, in 1665, of which, he says, “ it is beautiful to the eye, and pleasant to the palat.” THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 46 46. BRINGEWOOD PIPPIN.—Hort. Iprentirication.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 88. Lind. Guide, 40. Rog. Fr. Cult. 88. Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and an inch and three quar-: ters high ; almost round, a good deal like a flattened Golden Pippin. Skin, of a fine rich yellow color, covered with greyish dots, russety round the eye, and marked with a few russety dots on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, with reflexed segments, and placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a moderately deep cavity, which is lined with greenish grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and sugary, with a rich and perfumed flavor. An excellent, though not a first-rate dessert apple, in use from January to March. Its only fault is the flesh being too dry. The tree is hardy, but a weak and slender grower, and never attains a great size. It succeeds well on the paradise stock. This is one of the varieties raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., of Downton Castle, Herefordshire, and which he obtained by impreg- nating the Golden Pippin, with the pollen of the Golden Harvey. 47. BRISTOL PEARMAIN.—H. Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height ; oblong, slightly angular on the side, and ridged round the eye. Skin, dull yellowish green, with a few pale stripes of crimson, and con- siderably covered with patches and dots of thin grey russet on the shaded side; but marked with thin dull red, striped with deeper and brighter red, on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with numerous dark russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with erect, acute segments, set in a deep, round, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shal- low cavity, which is lined with thin brown russet, strewed with silvery scales. Flesh, yellow, firm, not very juicy, but briskly flavored. An apple of little merit, in use from October to February. The only place where I have ever met with this variety, is in the neighbourhood of Odiham, in Hampshire. 48. BROAD-END.—Hort. Iprntirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 89. Synonymes.—Winter Broading, Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 66. Lind. Guide, 57. Kentish Broading, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 47. Broading, Acc, Hort. Soc. Cat. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiv. f. 1. Fruit, large, three inches and three quarters broad, and three inches high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and considerably flattened at the ends, somewhat oblate. Skin, yellowish green in the shade, but tinged with red next the sun, interspersed with a few streaks of red, and covered in some places with patches of fine russet. Eye, large and open, set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, rich, juicy, and with a pleasant sub- acid favor. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from November to Christmas. The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 46 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 49. BROAD-EYED PIPPIN.—Fors. IpENTIFICATION.—Fors. Treat. 95. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 90. Fruit, large and oblate. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, and slightly tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, set in a wide and shallow basin. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, brisk, and juicy. . An excellent culinary apple, of the first size and quality, in use from September to January, but said by Forsyth to keep till May. This is a very old English variety; it is mentioned by Ray, who makes it synonymous with Kirton or Holland Pippin. 50. BROOKES’S.—Hort. InentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 91. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 45. Ficurr.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 2. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin, yellow in the shade, but orange, thinly mottled with red next the sun, and considerably covered with thin, brown russet. Eye, open and pro- minent, with reflexed segments, and placed in a very shallow basin. Stalk, short; inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, not very juicy, but with a rich, sweet, and highly aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from September to February. The tree is a slender grower, and never attains a great size, but is a good bearer. 51. BROUGHTON.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 92. Fruit, small, conical, and regularly formed. Skin, pale greenish yel- low in the shade, but covered with fine, delicate, lively red, which is marked with a few streaks of deeper red on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch long, in- serted in a round, and shal- low cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, delicate, brisk, sugary, and richly flavored. A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to December. 52. BROWN KENTING.—Hort. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 47 two inches and a half high ; roundish, and slightly ribbed on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow, marked with distinct and well defined figures, and reticulations of russet, like the Fenouillet Jaune, on the shaded side, and over the base; but green, which is almost entirely covered with a coating of smooth, thin, pale brown russet, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, and shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender and woody, inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is of a green color, and very slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, and tender, with a brisk, somewhat sugary, and pleasant aromatic flavor. An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality, in use from October to Christmas, after which it becomes meally. 53. BURN’S SEEDLING.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 102. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrow- ing towards the apex, sometimes inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, but with a blush and a few streaks of red next the sun, marked with a few patches of russet, and sprinkled with russety dots, which are thickest round the eye. Eye, large and-open, set in a shallow and ‘irregular basin. Stalk, short, thick and fleshy, generally obliquely inserted by the side of a fleshy swelling, and surrounded with a patch of rough rus- set. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, and sub-acid. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from October to Christmas. This variety was raised by Mr. Henry Burn, gardener to the Marquis of Aylesbury, at Tottenham Park, near Marlborough. 54. BYSON WOOD RUSSET. Synonyme.—Byson Wood, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 104. Fruit, below medium size; oblato-ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, green, en- tirely covered with ashy grey russet, and strewed with greyish white freckles. Eye, small, and slightly closed, set in a round and even basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted in a rather shallow and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, sugary; and aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from December to February. 48 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 55. CALVILLE BLANCHE D’ETE.—Knoop. IpentiFIcaTion.—Knoop Pom. 13. Chart. Cat. 56. Diel Kernobst. B. II. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 109. Synonymes.—White Calville, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Calville Blane, Jard. Frang. 106. Wahrer Weiszer Sommer Calville, Diel Kernobst. B. 11.7. Weisser Som- merkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. Figure.—Knoop Pom. t. 1. Fruit, medium sized, about three inches broad, and two inches high; roundish and flattened at the ends, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend to the eye and form ridges round the apex—the true character of the Calvilles. Skin, tender and delicate ; when ripe, of a very pale straw color, and without the least tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun, but sometimes marked with a few traces of delicate russet, but no dots. Eye, large, and closed with long, broad, acuminate segments, and set in a pretty deep and very angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white, tender, and deli- cate, with a sweet and pleasant flavor. A very good early culinary apple, but not of the finest quality, being too soft and tender ; it is ripe during August, and lasts till the middle of September. ‘ The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, with a large round head, and is an excellent bearer. It is distinguished by its very large foliage, the leaves being 43 inches long by 3+ broad. This is an old continental variety, but has been very little noticed by writers on Pomology. It is mentioned in the Jardinier Frangais, of 1653, and by De Quintinye, but the first work in which it is either figured or described, is Knoop’s Pomologie. Duhamel does not notice it, although it is enumerated in the catalogue of the Chartreuse, from whose garden he received the materials for producing his work on fruits. 56. CALVILLE BLANCHE D’HIVER.—Knoop. IpENTIFICATION.—Knoop Pom. 66. Duh. Arb. Fruit, I. 279. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, a. 110. SynonymEs.—Calville Blanche 4 Cotes, Merlet Abregé, 134. Calville Acoute, Lang. Pom. 134, t. Ixxviii. f. 1. Calleville Blanc, Schab. Prat. II. 88. Cal- ville Blanc, Bret. Ecole, II. 472. Calville Blanche, Chart. Cat. 51. Calville Tardive, Acc. Christ Handb. ed. 1, 381. Pomme de Framboise, Jbid. Pomme de Coin, Jbid. Pome de Fraise, bid. Rambour 4 Cétes Gros, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonnet Carré, Acc. Bon. Jard. Pomme Glace, Ibid. 1810, but erroneously. White Calville, Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Coze View. 136. White Autumn Calville, Aber. Dict. Winter White Calville, Fors. Treat. 96. Lind. Guide, 59. White Winter Calville, Down. Fr. Amer.103. Fran- zésischer Quittenapfel, Zink. Pom. n. 89. Weiszer Himbeerapfel, Meyen Baumsch. 300. Weiszer Erdbeerenapfel, Henne Anweis, 130. Weiszer Winter- ealville, Diel Kernobst. Il.12. Parisapfel, Ace. Christ Handb. Eckapfel, or Ekke- ling, in Lower Saxony, Acc. Christ. Weisser Winterkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. Peer Pom. Tab. xi. Duh. Arb. Fr. vol. i, pl. ii. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pl. ; Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and a quarter high ; roundish and flattened, with broad uneven and unequal ie THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 49 ribs, extending the whole length of the fruit, and terminating at the apex in prominent unequal ridges. Skin, delicate pale yellow tinged with green, becoming bright golden yellow at maturity, washed with deep red on the side next the sun, and strewed with brown dots, and a few markings of greyish white russet. Eye, small and closed with stout and pointed segments, set in a deep, irregular, five-ribbed basin, which is surrounded with knobs. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and inserted the whole of its length in a deep and angular cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, delicate, and juicy, with a rich, lively, and agreeable aromatic flavor. A valuable winter apple, admirably adapted for all culinary purposes, and excellent also for the dessert. It is in use from January to April. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but does not attain more than the middle size. It is rather liable to canker in damp situations, and is better suited for a dwarf than a standard; if grown on the paradise stock the appearance of the fruit is very much improved. This variety is sometimes called Pomme Glace, which is, however, a distinct variety, known by the names of Rouge des Chartreux, and Pomme de Concombre ; it is a variety of Calville Blanche d’Hiver, the fruit is about the size of an egg, but twice as long. 57, CALVILLE MALINGRE.—Hort. IpentiFicaTion.—Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 3, n. 114. Syxonymes.—Pomme de Malengre, Chart. Cat.50. Cal. Traité, iii. 40. Calville Normande, acc. Calvel Malengre d’Angleterre, Merlet Abregé, 137. Calville Rouge de la Normandie, ucc. Poit et Turp. Malus Aegra, Ibid. Norminnische rothe Wintercalville, Ditt. Handb. iii, 3. Figure.—Poit et Turp, pl. 41. Fruit, very large, elongated, and prominently ribbed like the Calville Blanche d@’Hiver, but not so much flattened as that variety. Skin, a little yellow on the shaded side, and of a beautiful deep red next the sun, which is marked with stripes of darker red, strewed all over with minute dots. Eye, small, set in a broad, deep, and angular basin, which is surrounded with prominent knobs. Stalk, slender, deeply inserted in an angular cavity. Flesh, white, delicate, very juicy, and charged. with an agreeable acid. A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from January to April, and “ keeps well.” According to the Chartreux Catalogue, “est bonne cuite pour les malades.” : The tree is a very vigorous grower, much more so than the generality of the Calvilles ; it is very hardy and an abundant bearer, and is better adapted for being cultivated as a dwarf than an espalier ; but it does not succeed well on the paradise stock. According to the French pomologists, this variety seems to have some connection with this country, but there is no evidence that it was at any period grown to any extent in England, or that it was ever known to any of our early pomologists. It is said by some that the name malingre is applied to this variety from the fruit becoming meally or unsound, but from the observation in the Chartreux Catalogue, it is more probable that it is so called from being useful to invalids. Ei 50 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 58. CALVILLE ROUGE D’AUTOMNE.—Knoop. Ipentirication.—Knoop Pom. 24. Bret. Ecole, ii.471. Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 3, p. 9. Bon. Jard. 1843, 512. Synonymns.—Calville d’Automne, Quint. Traité, i. 201. Mill. Dict. No. 6. Calle- ville d’Automne, Merlet Abregé. Pomme Grelot, ace. Couver. Traité. Pomme Sonnette, Ibid. Herfst-Present, acc. Knoop. Gelder’s Present, Ibid. Rode Herfst-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Autumn Calville, Mill. Dict. No. 6. Autumn Red Calville, Fors. Treat. 96. Red Autumn Calville, Ken. Amer. Or. 38. Rothe Herbstcalville, Diel Kernobst. iii. 8. Rother Herbstkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1859. Ficure— Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Mayer. Pom. Franc. tab. xi. Sickler Obst- girt. ix. 205. t. 8. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter high; not so much flattened as the other Calvilles. Skin, pale red, with a trace of yellow on the shaded side, but of a beautiful deep crim- son next the sun, and marked with yellowish dots on the shaded side. Eye, half open, set in a rather shallow, and ribbed basin, which is lined with fine down. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tinged with red under the skin, and very much so on the side which is exposed to the sun; it is tender, delicate, and juicy, with a pleasant, vinous, and violet scented flavor. A culinary apple of inferior quality in this country, but highly esteemed on the Continent, both as a culinary and a dessert fruit. It is in season during October and November. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size. It is also an abundant bearer. To have the fruit in perfection it ought to be grown on the paradise stock as an open dwarf, in a fine sandy loam, and not too closely pruned. 59. CALVILLE ROUGE DETE.—Quint. IpENTIFICATION.—Qunint. Traité. i. 201 Knoop Pom. 12. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 117, Henne Anweis. 101. Syyonymes.—Calville VEté, Bret. Ecole, ii.470. Calleville @Eté, Schab. Prat. ii. 89. Calleville d’Esté, Merlet Abregé, 132. Madeleine, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. but not of Calvel. Calville, Bon Jard. 1810, 113. Passe-Pomme, acc. Bon Jard. 1810. Grosse Pomme Magdeleine, Ibid. Calville Plané Rouge d’Eté, ace. Christ Handb. Calville Royale @Eté, Zbid. Cousinotte ou Calville d’Eté, in Normandy, Jbid. Grosse Rouge de Septembre, Ibid. Red Calville, Lind. Guide, 9. Rother Sommercalville, Diel Kernobst. iv. 6. Sommer Erdheeren- apfel, Henne Anweis.101. Rother Rosmarinapfel, acc. Mayer. Rother Strich- erdbeerapfel, Zbid. Rothe Sommer-Erdbeer-Apfel, Sichler Obstgéirt. ii. 20, t. 3. Rode Zomer-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. i. Fieurz.—Knoop Pom. tab.i. Sickler. Obstgirt. ii. t. 3. Mayer Pom. Franc, tab. iv. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about the same high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and with prominent ribs on the sides like the other Calvilles. Skin, yellowish white, streaked and veined with red on the shaded side; but covered with beautiful deep shining crimson, on the side next the sun, and strewed with numerous white dots. Eye, small and prominent, set in a narrow and wrinkled basin. Stalk, from an inch to an inch and a half long, in- THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 51 serted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white tinged with red, crisp and tender, agreeably and pleasantly flavored. A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during July and August. The flesh is stained with red, particularly on the side next the sun, and partakes somewhat of the flavor of the strawberry. It is valued only for its earliness. The tree is of small habit of growth, but an excellent bearer. There is great confusion subsisting between this variety and the Passe-pomme Rouge, which Duhamel has described under the name of Calville d’Eté. 60. CALVILLE ROUGE D’HIVER.—Knoop. IpENTIFICATION.—Knoop Pom, 62. Christ Handb. ed. 1, 1.17. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 118. . Syrnonrmes.—Calville Rouge, Duh. Arb.Fruit,i.280. Calleville Rouge, Schab. Prat. ii.88. Calville dit Sanguinole, Merlet Abregé. Calville Rouge Longue d’Hyver, Zink. Pom.n. 66. Calville Longue d’Hiver, acc. Christ. Handb. Calville Royale d’Hiver, Ibid. Rother Ekaptel, Zbid. Caillot Rosat, Ibid. Calville Rouge Cou- ronnée, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Calville Sanguinole, acc. Knoop. Calville Rouge Dedans et Dehors, Jéid. Calville Musquée, Jbid. Sanguinole, Ibid. Red Cal- ville, Zang. Pom. 134, tab. Ixxv. f. 3. Winter Red Calville, Lind. Guide, 85. Rode Wintercalville, Knoop. Pom. Tab. ix. Aechter rother Wintercalville, Diel Kernobst. iii. 1. Rothe Wintercalville, Sickler Obstgirt, viii. 95, t. 6. eee Winterquittenapfel, Walter, acc. Diel. Rother Winterkalwil, Baum. at. 1850. Biepee > Ruee Pom. Tab. ix. Duh. Arb. Fr. i. Tab. iii. Poit. et Turp. pl. 87. Fruit, large, about three inches high, and the same in width ; oblong, but not nearly so much ribbed on the sides as the other Calvilles already described. Skin, covered with a bluish bloom, deep shining crimson on the side next the sun, but paler red on the shaded side, and strewed with numerous yellowish dots. Eye, large and closed, with long seg- ments set in a deep warted and wrinkled basin. Stalk, slender, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with thin brown russet. Flesh, greenish white stained with red, not very juicy, tender, vinous, and with a pleasant perfumed flavor. A-culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during November and December. The tree attains about the middle size, is vigorous and healthy in its young state, and is a good bearer. It is well adapted for Sh as dwarfs on the paradise stock, and requires a rich and warm soil. 61. CALVILLE ROUGE DE MICOUD.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. v., p. 242. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 1.119. Fruit, below medium size; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, tough, and bitter tasted, red all over ; but of a deeper and darker color on the side next the sun, and streaked and spotted with paler red on the shaded side. Eye open, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, long, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender and delicate, crisp, sweet, and perfumed. E 2 52 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. This curious apple has the extraordinary property of producing three crops of fruit in one season. The first flowers appear at the usual time in April, the second in June, and then for a time it ceases to pro- duce any more till the month of August, when it again blooms during the whole of that month, September, October, and November, until it is checked by the severity of the frosts. The first fruit is gener- ally ripe during August; the second in October, which are about the size of a pigeon’s egg, and quite as good as the first. And so on it con- tinues until retarded by the frosts; but those last produced are rarely fit for use. This variety was first brought into notice by M. Thouin, of Paris, who says the tree originated on the farm of the Baroness de Micond, near La Charité sur Loire, in the department of Niévre. 62. CARLISLE CODLIN.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort. Sce. Cat. ed. 3, n. 154. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. M:1. pl. iii. f. 2. Fruit, above medium size; ovate, flat at the base, irregular and angu- Jar on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale yellow and strewed with a few russety specks. Eye, closed, set in a narrow, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in the cavity, which is lined with russet, a few lines of which extend over the base. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sugary flavor. A culinary apple of the first quality, in use from August to December. It is one of the most useful as well as one of the best culinary apples we have, being fit for use when no larger than a walnut, and after perfecting their growth continuing in perfection as late as Christmas. If blanched in warm water, wher used small, the outer rind slips off, and they may be baked whole ; their color is then a transparent green; and their flavor is exquisite, resembling that of a green apricot. When it is about the size of a large nutmeg, it may be made into apple marmalade, or a dried sweetmeat, which rivals the finest Portugal plum.—_.C.H. S. The tree is very hardy, a free grower, and an abundant bearer. As it does not attain a great size, it may be grown more closely together than most other sorts. It is a dwarf variety of the old English Codlin. 63. CAROLINE.—Lind. Ibentirication.—Lind. Guide, 41. Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 128. Fruit, medium sized; roundish. Skin, fine rich deep yellow, streaked with broad patches of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, firm, brisk, juicy, and highly flavored. A culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to February. This variety was named in honor of Lady Caroline Suffield, the wife of Lord Suffield, of Blickling and Gunton Hall, Norfolk.— Lindley, THE APYLE.—I1TS VARIETIES. 58 64. CATSHEAD.—Ray. IpentIFICATION.—Raii Hist. ii. 1447, n.8. Lind. Guide, 65. Down. Fr. Amer. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 130. Synonymre.—Cat’s Head, Fors. Treat. 97. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height ; oblong, nearly as broad at the apex as at the base, with prominent ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and terminate in several knobs. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale green ; but with a brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, set in a large, angular, and rather deep basin. Stalk, short, and slender for the size of the fruit, inserted in a shallow and angular cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sweet, with a pleasant, acid, and slightly perfumed flavor. One of our oldest and best culinary apples ; it is in use from October to January. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size, and though not an abundant bearer during the early period of its growth, it is much more productive as it becomes aged. In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue of Fruits, and also in Lindley’s Guide to the Orchard.” This is made synonymous with the Costard of Ray, which is undoubtedly an error, the Costard being a distinct variety. The Catshead is one of our oldest varieties, and was always highly esteemed for its great size. Phillips, in his poem on Cyder, says— « ________ Why should we sing the Thrift, Codling or Pomroy, or of pimpled coat The Russet, or the Cut’s-Head’s weighty orb, Enormous in its growth, for various use Tho’ these are meet, tho’ after full repast, Are oft requir’d, and crown the rich dessert.” In Ellis’s “ Modern Husbandman,” he says the Catshead is, “ a very useful apple to the farmer, because one of them pared and wrapped up in dough, serves with little trouble for making an apple-dumpling, so much in request with the Kentish farmer, for being part of a ready meal, that in the cheapest manner satiates the keen appetite of the hun- gry plowman, both at home and in the field, and, therefore, has now got into such reputation in Hertfordshire, and some other counties, that it is become the most common food with a piece of bacon or pickle-pork for families.” 65. CELLINI.—Hort. IpEyTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 132. Fruit, rather above medium size; roundish and flattened at both ends. Skin, rich deep yellow, with spots and patches of lively red on the shaded side; and bright red streaked and mottled with dark crimson next the sun, with here and there a tinge of yellow breaking through. Eye, large and open, with short, acute, and reflexed segments, and set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a 54 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. a ee oe " ; 4 ld A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use during October and November. It isa fine, showy, and handsome apple, bearing a strong resemblance to the: Nonesuch, from which in all probability it was raised. It originated with Mr. Leonard Phillips, of Vauxhall. 66. CHERRY APPLE.—H. Synonymes.—Siberian Crab of some. Kirschapfel, Pomme Cerise, Diel Kernobst. ix. 238. Fruit, very small, about three quarters of an inch broad, and the same in height ; oblato-oblong. Skin, thin, and shining, i of a beautiful lemon color on the shaded side, but entirely covered with dark blood-red on the side exposed to the sun, and which extends towards the shaded side of a fine crimson. Stalk, very slender, an inch and a half long, inserted in a small round cavity. Eye, small, without any seg- ments, and placed in a shallow basin. Flesh, yel- low, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a very pleasant and lively sub-acid flavor. A beautiful little apple, more resembling a cherry in its general appearance than an apple. It is ripe in October. The tree, when full grown, is from fifteen to twenty fect high, and produces an abundance of THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 55 its beautiful fruit. It is perfectly hardy, and may be grown in almost any description of soil. It forms a beautiful object when grown as an ornamental tree on a lawn or in a shrubbery. 67. CHESTER PEARMAIN.—Hort. IpentIFIcaTIon.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,p.30. Lind. Guide,65. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. iv. B. 43. Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half high ; oblate, narrowing from the base to the crown. Skin, pale yellow, but pale red striped with crimson where exposed to the sun, and covered with large russety spots. Eye, small, and partially closed with broad segments, and set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, soft, and juicy, with a pleasant, sugary, and perfumed flavor. A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from October to Christmas. The tree is hardy, a free grower, a good bearer, and attains a consider- able size. It is said to be extensively cultivated in the neighbourhood of Chester. 68. CHRISTIE'S PIPPIN.—Hort. IpEentiFicatTion .—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed.3,n.10. Lind. Guide, 12. Rog. Fr. Cult. 84. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 3. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; oblate, without angles, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but streaked and mottled with red next the sun, and speckled all over with large russety dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a round, even, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, not protruding beyond the margin, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, brisk, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored. A dessert apple of the first quality ; in use from December to February. The tree is an abundant bearer, but constitutionally weak, a delicate grower, and subject to canker and mildew. On the paradise stock it * forms a beautiful, compact, and handsome little pyramid. Tt was raised by a Mr. Christie, at Kingston-on-Thames. 69. CLAYGATE PEARMAIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. v. p- 402. Lind. Guide, 65. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 538. Down. Fr. Amer. 122, Fruit, medium sized; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull yellow mixed with green, and a thin coating of russet and numerous dots on the shaded side ; but marked with broken stripes of dark red, on the side exposed tothe sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments set ina deep basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a smooth and rather deep 55 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, partaking of the flavor of the Ribston Pippin. . A valuable and highly esteemed dessert apple of the first quality ; it comes into use in November, and will continue till March. The tree, though not a strong or vigorous grower, is hardy and healthy, attains the middle size, and is an abundant bearer. It succeeds well grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. Its shoots are slender and drooping. This excellent variety was discovered by John Braddick, Esq., grow- ing in a hedge near his residence at Claygate, a hamlet in the parish of Thames Ditton, in Surry, and by him widely and freely distributed. 70. CLARA PIPPIN.—Thomp. IpentiFicatTion.—Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 300. Fruit, small; roundish-ovate. Skin, thick and membranous, orange in the shade, and brownish red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed almost even with the surface, or set in a slight depression. Stalk, half an inch Jong, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, orange, firm, rich, brisk, and sugary. A very valuable dessert apple of the first quality, remarkable for the deep orange color of its flesh. It is in use about December and will keep till May. It was raised by F. J. Graham, Esq., of Cranford, and first noticed in the Gardeners Chronicle, April, 1848. 71. CLUSTER GOLDEN PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentIFICcATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 282. Diel Kernobst. xi. 103. Synonymes.—Cluster Pippin, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Twin Cluster Pippin, Jbid. Thickset, Ibid. Cluster Apple, Diel Kernobst. xi. 103. Englische Biuschelrei- nette, Ibid. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high; round, and slightly flattened at the apex. Skin, smooth, yellowish green at first, but changing to yellow on the shaded side ; with an orange tinge next the sun, marked all over with veins and reticulations of pale, brown- ish grey russet, with large patches round the stalk and the eye. Eye, large and open, placed in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, in- serted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and tender, with a brisk, sugary, and perfumed flavor. A very good dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; in use from November to March. The fruit is produced in clusters, and it not un- frequently happens that two are found joined together. The tree is hardy, a small grower, and a good bearer. 72. COBHAM.—Hort. IpEnTIFIcATion.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n. 148. Lind. Guide, 13. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and over two inches and three quarters high; roundish and angular. Skin, lemon yellow tinged with green; but with a few patches and pencilings of red next THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 7 the sun, and covered with specks and patches of russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, firm, delicate, and juicy, with a brisk and sugary flavor. An excellent culinary apple, and not unworthy of the dessert ; it is in use from November to Christmas, and partakes of the Ribston Pippin flavor. The tree is hardy, vigorous, and an excellent bearer. The Cobham is so like a variety which is cultivated near Faversham, in Kent, under the name of Pope’s apple, that there is some difficulty in distinguishing the one from the other. Further observation may prove them to be synonymous.— See Pope's Apple. 73. COCCAGEE.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 150. Lind. Guide, 102. Synonyrmes.—Cockagee, Fors. Treat.97. Cocko Gee. Fruit, medium sized; ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, interspersed with green specks. Eye, small and closed, set in a deep, uneven, and irregular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, soft, sharply acid, and austere. One of the oldest and best cider apples. Although it is perhaps the most harsh and austere apple known, and generally considered only fit for cider, still it is one of the best for all culinary purposes, especially for baking, as it possesses a particularly rich flavor when cooked. The name is said to be derived from Cocko-Gee signifying Goose- dung. 1n Langley’s *‘ Pomona,” it is said, “ This fruit is originally from Ireland, and the cyder much valued in that country. About six- teen or eighteen years since [1727] it was first brought over, and pro- moted about Minehead, in Somersetshire. Some gentlemen of that county have got enough of it now to make five, six, or eight hogsheads a year of the cyder ; and such as have to spare from their own tables, sell, 1 am told, from four to eight pounds a hogshead. The cyder is of the color of sherry (or rather of French white wine), and every whit as fine and clear. I have tasted of it from several orchards in Somerset- shire. It hath a more vinous taste than any cyder I ever drank, and as the sight might deceive a curious eye for wine, so I believe the taste might pass an incurious palate for the same liquor.” ° 74, COCKLE PIPPIN.—Hort. IDENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 151. Lind. Guide, 66. Rog. Fr. Cult. 96. Syyonymes.—Cockle’s Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Nutmeg Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Nutmeg Cockle Pippin, Jéid. White Cockle Pippin, /éid. Brown Cockle Pippin, ace. Gard. Chron. 1846, 148. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 9. Fruit, medium sized; conical, and slightly angular on the sides. 58 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Skin, ish yellow, changing as it ripens to deeper yellow, dotted with in, greenish yellow, changing p ee covered all over the base with delicate pale brown russet. \ Eye, small and slightly closed, set in an irregular, and somewhat angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, rather slender, and obliquely insert- | ed in a round and | deep cavity, which is lined with rus- set. Flesh, yellowish, firm, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant aro- matic flavor. An excellent des- sert apple of the finest quality, in use from January to April. Tree healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer. This variety is extensively grown in Surry and Sussex. oan 75. COE’S GOLDEN DROP.—Hort. IpEnTiFIcATION. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 274. Fruit, small, conical, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, green at first, but changing as it ripens to yellow, gee ae with a few large crimson spots, on x the side exposed to the sun, and marked with small patches of thin delicate russet. Eye, small and open, even with the surface, and surrounded with a few shallow plaits. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a small, and shallow depression, which, together with the base, is entirely covered with russet. Flesh, green- ish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, brisk, sugary, and vinous. A delicious little dessert apple of the first quality, in use from November to May. The tree is hardy, a free upright grower, and a good bearer. It attains about the middle size. If grafted THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 59 = . paradise stock it is well suited for espaliers, or growing as an open wart, This excellent variety was introduced to notice by Gervase Coe, of Bury St. Edmonds, who raised the Golden Drop Plum. It has been said that it is a very old variety, which has existed for many years in some Essex orchards, but was propagated by Coe as a seedling of his own. 76. COLE.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 1. 172. Lind. Guide, 13. Down. Fr. Amer. 71. SynonyME.—Scarlet Perfume, acc. Hort. Soc. Cut. Figure.—Pom. Mag. t. 104. Ron. Pyz. Mal. pl. xxxvii. f. 3. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two and a half high ; roundish, considerably flattened, almost oblate, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellowish, almost entirely covered with deep crimson, and slightly marked with russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and open basin. Stalk, long, covered with down, and inserted in a close narrow cavity, with a fleshy prominence on one side of it. Flesh, white, firm, juicy, and sweet, with a rich, brisk, and pleasant flavor. A first-rate early kitchen apple, and second-rate for the dessert. It is in use during August and September, and will even keep as long as Christmas, if well preserved. The tree is hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer, and on account of the size of the fruit should be grown rather as a dwarf than a standard. 77. COLONEL HARBORD’S PIPPIN.—Lind. IpEntiFication.—G. Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol.iv., p.65. Lind. Guide, 66. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 174. Fruit, large, about three inches and a half wide, and the same in height ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellowish-green, partially russeted on one side. Eye, large, set in a rather shallow basin, surrounded with plaits and wrinkles. Stalk, half an inch long. Flesh, white, tinged with green, soft, and very juicy, with a brisk tart flavor. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from Novem- ber to March. It originated at Blickling Hall, in Norfolk. 78. COLONEL VAUGHAN’S.—H. Fruit, below medium size, one and three quarter inches high, and two inches broad; oblato-conical, or conical. Skin, smooth and shining, the side next the sun entirely covered with bright crimson, streaked with very dark crimson, and thinly strewed with greyish white dots ; but of a fine waxen yellow, streaked and dotted with broken streaks of crimson on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide, rather shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with 60 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. thin pale brown russet. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red under the skin on the side next the sun, firm, crisp, and brittle, very juicy, with a sweet, brisk, and fine strawberry flavor. A very excellent dessert apple ; ripe in the end of Sep- tember and during October, at which season it is very common in Covent Garden Market. In some parts of Kent this excellent little apple is pro- duced in large quantities for the supply of the London mar- kets, but it is one which is not met within general cultivation. 79. CONTIN REINETTE.— Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. vii., p. 339. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 645. Fruit, medium sized; roundish, somewhat resembling the old Non- pareil. Skin, deep dull yellow on the shaded side, and fine red where exposed to the sun. Flesh, yellowish, firm, highly flavored, and plea- santly acid. A dessert apple of first-rate quality, peculiarly adapted for cultiva- tion in the northern districts of Scotland. It is in use during October and November. The tree is very hardy, an excellent and sure bearer, but a slender grower. It was raised by Sir George Stuart Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Ros- shire, a gentleman who for a long series of years devoted his time and talents to the advancement of horticulture. 80. CORNISH AROMATIC.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 181. Lind. Guide, 42. Down. Fr. Amer. 81, Synonyrme.—Aromatic Pippin. Rog. Fr. Cult. 87. Ficgures.—Pom. Mag. t. 58. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix, f. 3. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, angular, slightly flattened, and narrow- ing towards the eye. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, and covered with large patches of pale brown russet, which extend all over the base, and sprinkled with green and russety dots; but of a beautiful bright red, which is streaked with deeper red, and strewed with patches and dots of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye small and closed, with long flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips and set in an irregular basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and highly aromatic. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. G1 A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to Christmas. The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer. 81. CORNISH GILLIFLOWER.—Hort. Ipenrirication.—Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 267. Lind. Guide, 67. Down. Fr. Amer, 102. Srnonymus.—July-flower, Hort. Trans. vol. ii., p. 74. Cornish July-flower, Ibid. wr i p. 823. Calville d’ Angleterre, Baum. Cat. Pomme Regelans, acc. Hort. oc. Cat. Ficures.—Pom. Mag, t. 140. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix, f. 4. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height ; ovate, angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye, some- what like a Quoining. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and brown- ish red streaked with brighter red on the side next the sun; some parts of the surface marked with thin russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, in- serted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and aromatic. This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and aro- matic flavor; it is in use from December to May. The tree is hardy, and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but not an abundant bearer ; it produces its fruit at the extremities of the last year’s wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to preserve the bearing shoots. It succeeds well, grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Haw- kins, who sent it to the London Horticultural Society, in 1813. It was discovered about the beginning of the present century, growing in a cot- tager’s garden, near Truro, in Cornwall. The name July-flower is very often applied to this and some other varieties of apples, and also to flowers, but it is only a corruption of the more correct name Gilliflower, which is derived from the French Girofie, signifying a clove, and hence the flower which has the scent of that spice, is called Giroflier, which has been transformed to Grlliflower. In Chaucer’s “ Romaunt of the Rose,” he writes it Gylofre. “ There was eke wexyng many a spice, As Clowe Gylofre and liquorice.” Turner writes it Gelower and Gelyfloure. The proper name, therefore, is Gilliflower, and not July-flower, as if it had some reference to the month of July. 82. COSTARD.—Ray. IpenriFicaTion.—Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Laws. New. Orch. 32. Worl: Vin. 167. Synonymrs.—Coulthard, in Lancashire. Prussian Pippin, Jb:d. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters, or three inches wide, and three inches and a quarter high; oblong, but narrow- ing a little towards the eye, distinctly five-sided, having five prominent 62 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and form ridges round the crown. Skin, smooth, dull yellowish green, strewed all over with embedded grey specks. Eye, partially closed with long acuminate segments, and set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a round, rather shallow, and narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and with a brisk, and pleasant sub-acid flavor. _. An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality. It is in season from October to Christmas. The tree is hardy, a strong and vigorous grower, with strong downy shoots, and an abundant bearer. The Costard is one of our oldest English apples. It is mentioned under the name of “ Poma Costard,” in the fruiterers’ bills of Edward the First, in 1292, at which time it was sold for a shilling a hundred. The true Costard is now rarely to be met with, but at an early period it must have been very extensively grown, for the retailers of it were called Costardmongers, an appellation now transformed into Costermon- gers. It is mentioned by William Lawson, in 1597, who, in his quaint style, says, “ Of your apple-trees you shall finde difference in growth. A good Pipping will grow large, and a Costard-tree : stead them on the north side of your other apples, thus being placed, the least will give sunne to the rest, and the greatest will shroud their fellowes.” Modern authors make the Costard synonymous with the Catshead, chiefly, I think, on the authority of Mr. George Lindley, who has it so in the “ Guide to the Orchard ;” but this is evidently an error. All the early authors who mention both varieties regard them as distinct. Parkinson describes two varieties of Costard—the “ Gray,” and the “Greene.” Of the former, he says, “it is a good great apple, some- what whitish on the outside, and abideth the winter. The Green Cos- tard is like the other, but greener on the outside continually.” Ray describes both the Catshead and Costard as distinct, and Leonard Mea- ger enumerates three varieties of Costard in his list—the white, grey, and red ; but which of these is identical with that described above, it is difficult now to determine. Some etymologists, and Dr. Johnson among the number, consider this name to be derived from Cost, a head; but what connection there is between either the shape or other appearance of this apple, and a head, more than any other variety, must puzzle any one to discover. Is it not more probable that it is derived from Costatus (Anglice, costate, or ribbed), on account of the prominent ribs or angles on its sides? I think this a much more likely derivation. 83. COUL BLUSH.—Hort. Ipenrirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. vii. p. 340. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 184 Mem. Cal. Hort. Soc. iv. 556. aa > Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and angular on the sides. A good deal resembling the Hawthornden. Skin, pale yellow, marked with dull red next the sun, and streaked and dotted with deeper red. Stalk, slender. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, brisk, and well-flavored, THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 63 An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to February. It is said to be of finer flavor than the Hawthornden, and to be even a good dessert apple. The tree is hardy, a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, and an abundant bearer. It is well suited for all northern and exposed situations. This is one of the varieties raised by Sir G. 8S. Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, Rosshire. 84. COURT OF WICK.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 187. Lind. Guide, 42. Down. Fr. Amer. 105. Rog. Fr. Cult. 87. Synonrmes.—Court of Wick Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Court de Wick, Hook. Pom. Lond. Rival Golden Pippin, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mal. Fry’s Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Golden Drop, Jbid. Wick’s Pippin, Ibid. Wood’s Huntingdon, Ibid. Wood’s Transparent, Jdid. Kingswick Pippin, Zdid. Phillip’s Reinette, [bid. Figure.—Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 32. Pom. Mag. t. 32. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xii f. 23. Fruit, below medium size ; oblato-ovate, regular and handsome. Skin, when fully ripe, of a fine clear yellow, with bright orange, which some- times breaks out in a faint red next the sun, and covered all over with russety freckles. Eye, large and open, with long, acuminate, and reflexed segments, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a smooth and even cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, very juicy, rich, and highly flavored. One of the best and most valuable dessert apples, both as regards the hardiness of the tree, and the rich and deli- cious flavor of the fruit, which is not inferior to that of the Golden Pip- pin. It is in use from October to March. The tree attains the middle size, is healthy, hardy, and an abundant bearer. There is scarce- ly any description of soil or exposure where it does not succeed, nor is it subject to the at- tacks of blight and can- ker. It grows well on the paradise stock, producing fruit much larger than on the crab, but not of so long duration. : This variety is said to have originated at Court of Wick, in Somerset- shire, and to have been raised from a pip of the Golden Pippin. It is first mentioned by Forsyth, but I have not been able to discover any facts relative to its history. 64 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 85. COURT-PENDU PLAT.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 185. Down. Fr. Amer. 105. Gard. Chron. 1846, 100. Synonymes.—Courtpendt, Lind. Guide.43. Court-pendi plat Rougeatre, Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xii. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,212. Court-pendii rond gros, Hort. Soc. Cat.ed.1, u.216. Court-pendi rond trés gros, [éid. n. 218. Court-pendu rond rougeatre. Ibid. n. 317. Court-pendu rosat, Diel Kernobst. xii. 171. Court- pendai musqué, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, u. 209. Court-pendi rouge musqué, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Court-pendi rouge, Rog. Fr. Cult. 41. Courpendé vermeil, Inst. Arb. Fr.154. Corianda Rose, Hort. Soc. Cat.ed.1,n.200. Rosenfarbiger, Kurtzstiel, Diel Kernobst. xii. 171. Courtpendi Rouge, Knoop Pom. 60, t. x. Courtpendi: Rosaar, /bid. 129. Reinette Courtpendi Rouge, Jbid. 129. Der Rothe Kurzstiel, ace. Thomp. Rode Korpendu, Jbid. Pomme de Berlin, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Princesse Noble Zoete, Ibid. Garnons, Jbid. Woolaton Pippin, Ibid. Wise Apple, ace. Thomp. Fieure.—Knoop Pom. t. x. Pom. Mag. t. 66. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xii. Fruit, medium sized ; oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, bright green at first on the shaded side, but changing as it ripens to clear yellow, marked with traces of russet, and russety dots ; but entirely covered with deep crimson, which is also marked with traces of russet on the side next the sun, extending even to some portion of the shaded side. Eye, open, with short segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, even, and deep basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, lined with russet, which extends over a portion of the base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, rich, and sugary, with an abundance of vinous and perfumed juice. A valuable dessert apple of the first quality; in use from December to May. The tree is of small habit of growth, but very hardy and an abundant bearer. It is well adapted for espa- lier training when worked on the paradise stock ; and if grafted on the Pomme Para- dis of the French, it may be grown in pots, in which it forms a beau- tiful and interest- ing object when laden with its beautiful _ fruit. The bloom expands later than that of any other variety, and on that account is less liable to be injured by spring frosts, hen i Thompson, it has been called the Wie Ante foe eet This is not the Capendu of Duhamel, as quoted by Lindley and Down- ing ; neither is it the Court-pendu of Forsyth and De Quintinye, that variety being the Fenouillet Rouge of Duhamel, see No. 123. | The Courpendu of Miller is also a different apple from any of those just THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 65 mentioned, and is distinguished by having a long and slender stalk, “so that the fruit is always hanging downwards.” The name of this variety is derived from Corps pendu translated by some Hanging Body, whereas that of the variety above described, is from Court pendu, signifying sus- pended short, the stalk being so short, that the fruit, sits, as it were, upon the branch. The name Capendu or Capendua, is mentioned by the earliest authors, but applied to different varieties of apples. It is met with in Ruellius, Tragus, Curtius, and Dalechamp, the latter con- sidering it the Cestiana of Pliny. Curtius applies the name to a yellow apple, and so also does Ruellius; but Tragus considers it one of the varieties of Passe-pomme, he says, ‘‘ Capendua magna sunt alba et dulcia, in quorum utero semina per maturitatem sonant, Ruellio Passipoma apel- lantur.”. They are also mentioned by J. Bauhin, “ Celeberrimum hoc pomi genus est totius Europe, sic dicta, quod ex curto admodum pendeant pediculo.” 86. COWARNE RED.—Knight. IDENTIFICATION AND Ficurr.—Knight, Pom. Heref. t. 28. Fruit, of a pretty good size, a little more long than broad, but narrow at the crown, in which appear a few obtuse and undefined plaits. Eye, small, with very short converging segments of the calyx. Stalk, hardly half an inch long, very stiff and straight. Skin, a small part of it pale gold on the shaded side, and round the base, but of a bright red over a great part, and where fully exposed to the sun, of an intense, deep, pur- plish crimson; there are numerous short streaks, which mark the shady part of the fruit. Specific gravity of its juice 1069. A cider apple, which takes its name from the parish of Cowarne, near Broomyard, in Herefordshire, where it was raised about the beginning of the last century,— Lindley. 87. CRAY PIPPIN.—Hort. InEntTIFICATION.—Hort. Trans. vol. v., p. 401. Lind. Guide, 27. Fruit, below medium size; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellow with a tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in an even basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, crisp, sweet, and highly flavored. An excellent dessert apple, ripe in October. This variety was raised at St. Mary’s Cray, in Kent, by Richard Waring, Esq., and was exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, on the 15th of October, 1822. 88. CREED’S MARIGOLD.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish. Skin, fine deep rich yellow on the shaded side ; but deep orange next the sun, and covered with beau- tiful red, which is striped with darker red, the whole marked with patches EF 66 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. of thin and delicate brown russet, and thickly strewed with dark russety dots. Eye, open, with broad flat segments, and set in a narrow, shallow, and regularly plaited basin. Stalk, short, set in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored. An excellent dessert apple, in use during October and November, after which it becomes dry and meally but does not shrivel. This variety was raised from a seed of the Scarlet Nonpareil, by Mr, Creed, gardener, at Norton Court, near Faversham, in Kent. 89. CREEPER.—H. Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a quarter high, and about the same in width; somewhat conical or roundish-ovate. Skin, smooth and shining, at first of a fine dark green on the shaded side, and entirely covered with red, which is thickly marked with broken streaks of darker red on the side next the sun; but as it ripens, the shaded side changes to yellowish-green, and the exposed to crimson. Eye, open, set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored, with a slight aroma. A very good second-rate summer dessert apple ; ripe in September. This variety is very common in the Berkshire orchards. 90. DARLING PIPPIN.—Lind. Iprentirication.—Lind. Plan. Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 68. Synonymes.—Darling, Rea Pom. 210. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Fruit, of medium size; oblato-conical. Skin, bright lemon yellow, thickly set with small embedded pearly specks. Eye, small, and placed in a shallow basin, surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk, short and slender, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. A dessert apple of good quality ; in use from November to January. This is one of our old English varieties. It is mentioned by Rea, in 1665, who calls it “a large gold yellow apple, of an excellent, quick, something sharp taste, and bears well.” It is also noticed by Ray as «“ Pomum delicatulum Cestriz.” 91. DEVONSHIRE BUCKLAND.—Hort. InENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 97. Synoyymes.—Dredge’s White Lily, Fors. Treat. 99. White Lil i 7 Cat. ed. 3. Lily Buckland, Jéid. a lee a Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish and flattened, with irregular and ptominent angles on the sides. Skin, dull waxen yellow, strewed all over with minute russety dots, which are larger on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 67 open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, rather deeply inserted in a round cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, yellow, crisp, very juicy, brisk, sugary, and perfumed. A very excellent apple; of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and suitable also for the dessert. It is in use from October to February. The tree is quite hardy, and an excellent bearer, 92. DEVONSHIRE QUARRENDEN.—Hort. IbentIFICATION.—Fors, Treat. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 603. Down. Fr. Amer. 71. Synonymes.—Quarrington, Raid. Hist. ii. 1448. Devonshire Quarrington, Mort: Art, ii. 290. Red Quarentine, Miller and Sweet, Cat. 1790. Red Quarenden, Hook. Pom. Lond. t, 13, Lind, Guide, 6. Sack Apple, Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 1012. Quarentine, in Devonshire. Fieurrs.—Hook. Pom. Lond. t.13. Pom. Mag. t.94. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 7. Fruit, rather below medium size; oblate, and sometimes a little angular in its outline. Skin, smooth and shining, entirely covered with deep purplish red, except where it is shaded by a leaf or twig, and then it is of a delicate pale green, pre- senting a clear and well- defined outline of the ob- ject which shades it. Eye, quite closed, with very long tomentose segments, and placed in an undu- lating and shallow basin, which is sometimes knob- bed, and generally lined with thick tomentum. Stalk, about three quarters of an inch long, fleshy at the insertion, deeply set in a round and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white tinged with green, crisp, brisk, and very juicy, with a rich vinous, and refresh- ing flavor. A very valuable and first-rate dessert apple. It ripens on the tree the first week in August, and lasts till the end of September. It is one of the earliest summer dessert apples, and at that season, is particularly relished, for its fine, cooling, and refreshing, vinous juice. The tree attains a considerable size, it is particularly hardy, and a most prolific bearer. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation, and is admirably adapted for orchard planting. In almost every latitude of Great Britain, from Devonshire to the Moray Frith, I have observed it in perfect health and luxuriance, producing an abundance of well ripened fruit, which, though not so large, nor so early in the northern parts, still possessing the same richness of flavor as in the south. E This is supposed to be a very old variety, but there is no record of it F2 68 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. previous to 1693, when it is mentioned by Ray; and except by Morti- mer, it is not noticed by any subsequent writer till within a very recent period. It seems to have been unknown to Switzer, Langley, and Miller ; nor do I find that it was grown in any of the London nurseries before the beginning of the present century. The only early catalogue in which I find it is that of Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790. 93. DR. HELSHAM’S PIPPIN.—Lind. IpENTIFICATION.—Lind. Guide, 8. Fruit, medium sized ; conical, more long than broad, eight or nine inches in circumference, a little angular on the sides. Eye, small, in a rather wide and oblique basin. Stalk, half an inch long, deeply inserted. Skin, yellowish-green, with several redish spots; on the sunny side of a fine clear red. Flesh, white. Juice sweet, with a slight aromatic flavor. Ripe in August and beginning of September. The branches of this tree droop in the manner of a Jargonelle Pear. It is an abundant bearer and deserves cultivation. The original tree which is a large one, was raised by the late Dr. Jlelsham, and is now growing in the garden of Mr. Etheredge, of Stoke Ferry, in Norfolk.—Lindley. Ihave never met with this variety, but as Mr. Lindley recommends it as worthy of cultivation, and as it may be better known in Nor- folk than elsewhere, I am induced to insert here with Mr. Lindley’s own description. 94. DOWELL’S PIPPIN.—Hort. IpEntiFication.—Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 268. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 13. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex. Skin, green, almost entirely covered with thin delicate russet, tinged with brownish red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and rather deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and finely flavored. A dessert apple in use from October to January. This variety was raised by Stephen Dowell, Esq., of Braygrove, Berk- shire, from a pip of the Ribston Pippin, to which it bears a close resem- blance both in shape and flavor. 95. DOWNTON PIPPIN.—Knight. Ipenrirication.x—Pom. Heref. Hort. Trans. vol. i. p- 145. Lind. Guide, 28. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 217. Down. Fr. Amer. 82. Syyonymes.—Elton Pippin, Fors. Treat. 135. Elton Golden Pippin, Salish. Or. 130. Knight’s Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Knight’s Golden Pippin, Ibid. St. Mary’s Pippin, Jéid. Downton’s Pepping, Diel Kernobst. v. B. 37. Ficures.—Pom. Heref. t.9. Pom. Mag. t. 113. Fruit, small, two inches broad, and an inch and three quarters high ; THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 69 somewhat cylindrical, and flattened at the ends, bearing a resemblance to the Golden Pippin. Skin, smooth, of a fine lemon yellow color, and with a slight tinge of red next the sun, marked with a few traces of deli- cate russet, and strewed with numerous pale brown dots. Eye, large and quite open, with long, flat, acuminate segments, set in a wide, flat, and shallow basin. Stalk, slender, half-an-inch long, and inserted in a shallow cavity which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, yellowish white, delicate, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a rich, brisk, vinous and somewhat aromatic flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality, resembling the Golden Pippin both in size, shape, and color, as well as flavor. It is in use from November to January. The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, a most abundant bearer, and attains about the middle size. It may be grown as an open dwarf, and is well suited for espaliers. The fruit is also valuable for the cider it produces, the specific gravity of the juice being 1080. This excellent variety was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., of Downton Castle, from the seed of the Isle of Wight Orange Pippin, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and the original tree is still in existence at Wormsley Grange, Herefordshire. 96. DRAP D’OR.—Duh. IpentTiFicaTion.—Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 219. Down. Fr. Amer. 71, Synonyrmes.—Vrai Drap d'Or, Duh. Arb. Fruit,i.290. Drap d’Or Vrai, Poin. Ami. Jurd. i. 192. Bay Apple, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonne de Mai, Ibid. Gold- zaugapfel, Diel. Kernobst. iii. p. 115. Ficures.—Duh. Arb. Fruit, t. i. xii. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxvi. f. 2. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, sometimes inclining to cylindrical, or rather oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth and shining, ofa fine pale yel- low color intermixed with a greenish tinge, which is disposed in faint stripes extending from the base to the apex, on the shaded side; but of a clearer, and deeper yellow on the side next the sun, the whole marked with patches of delicate, dark brown russet, and strewed with numerous russety dots ; sometimes there is a faint tinge of red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with acuminate segments, which are covered with white tomentum, and set in a wide, deep, irreg- ular and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, and somewhat fleshy, inserted in a wide, rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and sugary flavor. : A pretty good apple of second-rate quality, more suitable for culinary purposes than the dessert. It is in use from October to Christmas. — The tree is a healthy and free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is a free and early bearer, being generally well set with fruit buds. It requires a rich soil and warm situation. ; There is another apple totally different from this to which the name of Drap d’Or is applied.—See Fenoutllet Jaune. 70 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 97. DREDGE’S FAIR MAID OF WISHFORD.—Fors. IpentiFicaTion.—Fors. Treat. 99. Rog. Fr. Cult. 55. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; oblato-cylindrical, with obtuse angles on the sides. Skin, yellow, covered with large patches and reticulations of thin brown russet, which is strewed with rougher russety freckles, and tinged with orange and a few streaks of red next the sun. Eye, rather large, with long acuminate segments, which almost close it; and set in a wide, angular, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, angu- lar and smooth cavity, which is tinged with green. Flesh, yellowish, firm, brisk, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored. An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and even worthy of the dessert. It is in use from December to March. This, with the following variety, was either raised or first brought into notice, by a Mr. William Dredge, of Wishford, near Salisbury. In a letter dated November, 1802, which is in my possession, he writes to the late Mr. Forsyth with specimens of these varieties, and of this he says, ‘‘not in eating till Easter, great bearer, most excellent flavor.” The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an excellent bearer. 98. DREDGE’S FAME.—Fors. IpentiFication.—-Fors. Treat. 100. Rog. Fr. Cult. 51. Fruit, above medium size ; roundish, inclining to ovate, and furrowed round the eye. Skin, dull dingy yellow, with a tinge of green, covered THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 71 with patches of thin russet, and large russety dots, particularly over the base ; and mottled with pale red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, about three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, brisk, and sugary, with a rich aromatic flavor. This is a valuable and very excellent apple, suitable either for dessert use, or culinary purposes. It is in use from December to March. In his letter to Mr. Forsyth, referred to above, Mr. Dredge says, “ This is the best. apple yet known; in eating from Easter till Midsummer—most excellent.” The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, an early and abundant bearer, but according to Rogers, liable to be attacked by the woolly aphis ; still Ihave never found it more susceptible of that disease than most other varieties. There are several other varieties mentioned by Forsyth as seedlings of Dredge’s, which I have not met with, as Dredge’s Queen Charlotte, Dredge’s Russet, and Dredge’s Seedling. I have also in my collection, Dredge’s Emperor and Lord Nelson, both of which are grown in the West of England, but I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing the fruit. It is, however, a question whether these are really seedlings of Dredge’s or not; there are several varieties to which he affixed his name, which have been ascertained to be identical with others that existed before him, such as Dredge’s White Lily, which is synonymous with Devonshire Buckland, and Dredge’s Beauty of Wilts, which is the same as Harvey’s Pippin. Such instances tend to weaken our faith in the high encomium passed upon him, by Rogers, of Southampton, in the “ Fruit Cultivator,” and induce us to class him with those who not only change the name of some varieties, and append their own to others under the pretence of their being new, and seedlings of their own, but dispose of them at greater prices than they could have procured, had they been sold under their correct names. We have but to glance over the Horticul- tural Society’s Catalogue, or the Index to this work, to find numerous in- stances confirmatory of this statement. 99. DUCHESS OF OLDENBURGH.—Hort. IpentiFicatTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 221. Down. Fr. Amer. 82. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 12. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. vi. f. 6. Fruit, large, about three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; round, and sometimes prominently ribbed on the sides and round the eye. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and streaked with broken patches of fine bright red, on the side next the sun, sometimes assuming a beautiful dark crimson cheek ; it is covered all over with numerous russety dots, particularly round the eye, where they are large, dark, and rough. Eye, large and closed, with long broad segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, long and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow- 72 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. ish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and refresh- ing flavor. Saree : An excellent early dessert apple of the first quality; ripe in the middle of August, and continues in use till the end of September. The tree is hardy, a free grower, and an excellent bearer. This variety is of Russian origin. 100. DUKE OF BEAUFORT’S PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentiFIcaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 14. Lind. Guide, 28. Fruit, medium sized; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, green, strewed with freckles of russet; and streaked with red on the side ex- posed to the sun. Eye, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, and tender, very juicy, and sub-acid. A culinary apple of second-rate quality; in use from October to Christmas. 101. DUMELOW’S SEEDLING.—Hort. IpDENTIFICATION.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 224. Lind, Guide, 44. Syyonymes.—Dumelow’s Crab, acc. Hort. Trans. Duke of Wellington, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 37. Normanton Wonder, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Winter Hawthornden, ae Riv. Cat. Wellington’s, Diel Kernobst. v. B. 55. Wellington’s Reinette, 7a. Fieure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix. pl. 1. Fruit, large ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with minute russety dots, and greenish embedded specks under the surface and THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 73 with a tinge of pale red on the side next the sun, which is sometimes almost entirely covered with a bright red cheek. Eye, large and open, with broad, reflexed, acuminate segments, set in an irregular, uneven, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a narrow, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and very juicy, with a slight aromatic flavor. One of the most valuable culinary apples; it is in use from November to March. The tree is one of the strongest, and most vigorous growers, very hardy, and an excellent bearer. The young shoots which are long and stout, are thickly covered with large greyish white dots, which readily distinguish this variety from almost every other. This excellent apple was raised by a person of the name of Dumeller, (pronounced Dumelow), a farmer at Shakerstone, a village in Leicester- shire, six miles from Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and is extensively cuitivated in that, and the adjoining counties under the names of Dumelow’s Crab. It was first introduced to the neighbourhood of London, by Mr. Richard Williams, of the Turnham Green Nursery, who received it from Gopsal Hall, the seat of Earl Howe, and presented specimens of the fruit to the Horticultural Society in 1820. It was with him that the name of Wel- lington Apple originated, and by which only it is now known in the London markets. 102. DUNCAN.—Hort. IpDENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 14 ? Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a half high ; conical, with ribs on the sides which terminate in irregular and unequal knobs round the eye. Skin, pale yellow in the shade; but deep orange finely veined with rich deep crimson next the sun. Eye, partially closed with short, broad segments, and set in a deep, irregular, and prominently angular basin. Stalk, very short, set in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid. A handsome, showy, and very good culinary apple; in use from November to January. 103. DUTCH CODLIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 155. Lind. Guide, 29. Down. Fr Amer. 83. Synonymes.—Chalmers’s Large, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. White Codlin of the Scotch Nurseries. Glory of the West, acc. Lind. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxvii. Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half high ; roundish, inclining to oblong, irregularly and prominently ribbed. Skin, pale green at first, but changing to pale yellow, with a faint tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small, and deeply inserted in a narrow and v4 BRITISIL POMOLOGY, ETC. angular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, somewhat sugary, and pleasantly sub-acid. An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use during August and September. The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer. According to Lindley this variety is sometimes called Glory of the Vest, but that is quite a different apple, see No. 141. 104. DUTCH MIGNONNE.—Hort. IpEntiFicaTion.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 70. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 225. Lind. Guide, 44. Down. Fr. Amer. 107. Syvonymes.—Christ’s Golden Reinette, Lipp. Taschenb. p. 405. Reinette Dorée, Mayer. Pom. Franc. t. xxx. but not of Knoop or Duhamel. Grosze oder dop- pelte Casseler Reinette, Diel Kernobst. iv. 140. Paternoster Apfel, Audibert, Cat. Pomme de Laak, acc. Pom. Mag. Stettin Pippin, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Dutch Minion, Ron. Pyr. Mal. Hollindische Goldreinette, ace. Ditt. Handb. Ficure.—Pom. Mag. t. 84. Ron. Pyr. Mal. t. xxvi. f. 1. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, even and handsomely shaped, narrow- ing a little to- wards the apex, where it issome- times slightly ribbed. Skin, dull greenish- yellow, marked all over with broken streaks of pale red and crimson, with traces of russet, and numerous russety _— dots, which are thick- est round the eye. Eye, small and closed, with short and point- ed segments, placed in a deep and narrow ba- sin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity, which, with a portion of the base, is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy, rich, sugary, and aromatic. A very valuable and delicious dessert apple; in use from December to April. The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and a very abundant bearer. It attains about the middle size when fully grown. The shoots are thickly set with fruit spurs. It is well adapted for dwarf or espalier training, and for these purposes succeeds well on the paradise stock. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 1d 105. EARLY HARVEST.—Hort. InEnTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 228. Down. Fr. Amer. 72. Gard, Chron. 1845, p. 800. Synonymus.—Early French Reinette, Core. View. 101. July Pippin, Floy Lind. Prince’s Harvest, acc. Coxe, Prince’s Early Harvest, Prince Cat. Large Early, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. July Early Pippin, Jbid. Yellow Harvest, Jdid. Large White Juneating, acc. Down, Tart Bough, Ibid. Prince’s Yellow Harvest, ace. Gard. Chron. July Early Pippin, Jbid.° Pomme @’Eté, of Canada, Ibid. Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; round. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green at first, but changing to clear pale yellow as it ripens, and set with em- bedded white specks, particularly round the eye. Eye, small and closed, set in a round and shallow basin. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a quick and pleasantly sub-acid flavor, and as is justly remarked by Mr. Thompson, “closely approximates that of the Newtown Pippin, of per- fect American growth.” An estimable and refreshing early dessert apple, of the first quality ; ripe in the end of July and the beginning of August. The tree is a healthy, and free, though not a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf or espalier training when grown on the paradise stock, and ought to find a place in every collection however small. Though of American origin this variety succeeds to perfection in this country; a qualification which few of the American apples possess. 106. EARLY JULIEN.—Hort. Ipentirication .—Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 267. Lind. Guide, 4. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32. Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, slightly flattened, and prominently ribbed from the eye downwards to the base. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with an orange tinge next the sun, strewed all over with minute dots and a few whitish specks. Eye, closed with broad segments, and set in a deep, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, short, not extending beyond the base, and inserted in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, crisp, very juicy, and with a brisk, pleasant, and refreshing flavor. An excellent early culinary apple, of first-rate quality, ripe in the second week of August. It might with propriety be called the Sum- mer Hawthornden, as it equals that esteemed old variety in all its properties. The tree is healthy and hardy, but not a large grower. It is, however, a good bearer, though not so much so as the Hawthornden, and is well adapted for growing as a dwarf. This variety is said to be of Scotch origin, but I cannot ascertain where, or when it was first discovered. It is not mentioned by Gibson, neither is it enumerated in the catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of Edinburgh, or any of the Scotch nurserymen of the last century. It was first introduced to the south by the late Mr. Hugh Ronalds, of Brent- ford, who exhibited it at the London Horticultural Society. 76 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 107. EARLY NONPAREIL.—Lind. Jpentirication.—Lind. Plan. Or. 1796. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 467. Lind. Guide, 88. Rog Fr. Cult. 67. Synonymes. — Stagg’s Nonpareil, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. New Nonpareil, Ibid. Summer Nonpareil, Ron. Cat. Hicks’s Fancy, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 4. Lacy’s Non- pareil, acc. Rogers. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 6. Fruit, medium sized ; somewhat oblato-ovate. Skin, dull yellow, covered with ‘thin brownish grey russet, and marked with large russety dots. Eye, open, placed in a small, round, and ra- ther shallow basin. Stalk, half - an - inch long, inserted in a narrow, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, ten- der, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and rich aromatic fla- vor, resembling the old Nonpareil. A delicious apple for the dessert, and of the first quality ; it is in use during October and November, after which it becomes dry and meally. The tree is a free and upright grower, perfectly hardy, an early and abundant bearer; even in the nursery quarters it produces freely when only two years from the graft. It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier training, when grown on the paradise stock. This esteemed variety was raised about the year 1780, by a nursery- man of the name of Stagg, at Caister, near Yarmouth, in Norfolk. The name of Hicks’s Fancy was given to it by Kirke, formerly a nursery- man at Brompton, near London, from the circumstance of a person of the name of []icks, giving it the preference to the other varieties which were fruited in the nursery. An instance of the absurd system by which the names of fruits have been multiplied. 108. EARLY SPICE.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 786. Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, and somewhat angular. Skin, smooth, of an uniform pale yellow or straw color, and thinly strewed with greenish dots. Eye, small and open, with long, reflexed segments, and set ina small basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, deeply in- serted ina rather angular cavity, which is thickly lined with russet. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. T7 Flesh, white, tender, marrowy and very juicy; with a pleasant, refresh- ing and sub-acid flavor. An excellent early culinary apple, which is well suited for baking, and is also good as an eating apple. It is ripe in the first week of August, but soon becomes woolly after being gathered. 109. EARLY WAX.—Hort. IventiFicaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, p. 14. Synonyme.—Wax Apple, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 3. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 1. Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; oblong, and somewhat ribbed, particularly at the base. Skin, thick and membranous, of an uniform waxen yellow color. Eye, par- tially open, with long reflexed segments, and set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a deep and angular cavity, from which issue prominent ribs. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and soft, with a sweet and abundant juice. A dessert apple of ordinary merit, valuable only for its earliness, as it ripens in the first week of August, but does not keep any time. 110. ELFORD PIPPIN.—M. IDENTIFICATION AND Ficure.—Maund. Fruit, pl. 45. Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same in height ; roundish, inclining to ovate, and ribbed round the eye. Skin, yellowish-green, with markings of russet on the shaded side, but covered with red, which is striped with darker red on the side next the sun. Eye, large, and somewhat closed, with broad flat segments like those of Trumpington, placed in arather deep and somewhat undulating basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with delicate yellowish-brown russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, and ten- der, with a fine, brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor. An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from Octo- ber to Christmas. The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and a good bearer. The Elford Pippin is supposed to have been raised at Elford, near Lichfield, where it is a very popular variety, and to which locality it is at present chiefly confined. 111. EMPEROR ALEXANDER.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Trans, vol. ii, p.407. Lind. Guide, 14. Synonymes.— Alexander, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,6, and ed. 3,n.7. Phoenix Apple, Brook. Pom. Brit. Aporta, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Russian Emperor, Ibid. Kai- ser Alexander von Russland, Diel Kernobst. 2 B. 65. Aporta Nalivia, acc. Diel Kernobst. Ficures.—Hort. Trans. vol. ii. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxv. f. 2. Fruit, of the largest size; ovate. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, with 78 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. a few streaks of red on the shaded side ; and orange covered with streaks and patches of bright crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole strewed with numerous russety dots. Eye, large, and half open, with broad, erect, and acuminate segments, set in deep, even, and slightly ribbed basin. Stalk, an inch or more in length, inserted in a deep, round, and even cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish- white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant and slightly aro- matic flavor. A beautiful and valuable apple, both as regards its size and quality. It is more adapted for culinary than dessert use, but is also desirable for the latter were it only on account of its noble appearance at the table. It is in use from September to December. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, producing long stout shoots, is perfectly hardy and a good bearer. This apple was introduced to this country by Mr. Lee, nurseryman of Hammersmith, in 1817, and was exhibited by him at the London Horticultural Society ; the specimen produced being five inches and a half in diameter, four inches deep, sixteen inches in circumference, and weighed nineteen ounces. It is generally supposed that this was its first appearance in England; but there can be little doubt that it is the Phenix Apple figured by Brookshaw, whose account of it in 1808, is as follows :—“ It was much grown fifty years back in the neighbourhood of THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 79 Twickenham, but was rather lost. The late Mr. Ash, nurseryman at Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, preserved it from his father, who had an old tree of it. This specimen came from that tree. This apple was seen in Russia by an English nobleman, who thought it so excellent an apple, that he was induced to send some trees of it to England, and what will appear extraordinary to English gardeners, they were taken up in the summer with their leaves on, when they could not be less than twelve years old by their appearance, and when they arrived, after being six months before they came to hand, they were planted and produced fruit, and are now fine trees. The apple has a bloom on it like a red plum when on the tree, and is a very excellent beautiful apple, ripens in October, and will keep through December. It is to be had at the late Mr. Ash’s nursery, at Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, under the name of Phoenix Apple, from its being lost and revived.” 112. ENGLISH CODLIN.—Hort. IpentiFicaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 176. Lind. Guide, 29. Rog. Fr. Cult. 63. SynonyMes.—Quodling Aust. Treat. 66. Codling. Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Old Eng- lish Codlin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 163. Common Codlin, Aber. Bot. Arr. ii. 312. Ficure.—Lang. Pom. t. Ixxiv. f. 3. Fruit, above medium size ; conical, irregular in its shape. Skin, pale yellow with a faint blush on the side exposed to the sun, Eye, closed, set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, stout, and rather deeply inserted. Flesh, white, tender, and agreeably acid. A culinary apple of first-rate quality; ripe in August and continues in use till October. The trees are excellent bearers, but in most orchards they are gener- ally found unhealthy, cankered, and full of the woolly aphis, a state pro- duced, according to Mr. Lindley, by their being raised from suckers, and truncheons stuck into the ground. In the “ Guide to the Orchard,” he says, “ Healthy, robust, and substantial trees are only to be obtained by grafting on stocks of the real Sour Hedge Crab; they then grow freely, erect, and form very handsome heads, yielding fruit as superior to those of our old orchards, as the old, and at present deteriorated Codlin is to the Crab itself.” This circumstance was noticed by Worlidge nearly two hundred years ago—“ You may graft them on stocks as you do other fruit, which will accelerate and augment their bearing ; but you may save that labor and trouble, if you plant the Cions, Slips, or Cuttings of them in the spring-time, a little before their budding ; by which means they will prosper very well, and soon become Trees ; but these are more subject to the canker than those that are grafted.” This is one of our oldest English apples, and still deserving of more general cultivation than is at present given to it. Formerly it consti- tuted one of the principal dishes in English cookery, in the shape of “ Codlings and Cream.” Ray says, “ Crudum vix editur ob duritiem et aciditatem, sed coctum vel cum cremore lactis, vel cum aqua rosacea et saccharo comestum inter laudatissima fercula habetur.” The name is derived from coddle, to parboil. 80 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 113. ESOPUS SPITZENBURGH.—Coxe. IpentiFIcATION.—Coxe. View. 127. Down. Fr. Amer. 138. Synonymes.—Esopus Spitzenberg, Hort. Soc. Cnt. ed. 3,790. Esopus Spitzen- burg, Ken. Amer. Or. 40. True Spitzenburgh, acc. Down. Freure.—Down. Fr. Amer. 138. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high; ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, almost entirely covered with clear bright red, and marked with fawn-colored russety dots, except on a por- tion of the shaded side, where it is yellow tinged and streaked with red. Eye, small and closed, set in a moderately deep and undulating basin. Stalk, slender, about an inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, richly, and briskly flavored. A most excellent dessert apple; in use from November to February. This is a native of the United States, and is there considered one of the best dessert apples. Along with the Newtown Pippin it ranks as one of the most productive and profitable orchard fruits, but like many, and indeed almost all the best American varieties, it does not attain to that degree of perfection in this country that it does in its native soil. The tree is tender and subject to canker, and the fruit lacks that high flavor, and peculiar richness which characterizes the imported specimens. It was raised at Esopus, on the Hudson, where it is still grown to a large extent. 114. ESSEX PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentiricatTion.—Hori. Soe. Cat. ed. 3, n. 239. Fruit, small; round and flattened, somewhat oblate. Skin, smooth, green at first, but becoming of a yellowish-green as it ripens, and with a faint tinge of thin red where exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long, reflexed, acuminate segments, placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, and crisp, with a brisk, sugary, and rich flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality, nearly allied to the Golden Pip- pin; it is in use from October to February. 115. FAIR MAID OF TAUNTON.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15 Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; ovato-oblate, and rather irregularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, thick and membranous, of a pale straw color, and with a faint of red on the side exposed to the sun; thickly strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, somewhat closed, with broad, flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with rough brown russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, sweet, and though not richly yet pleasantly flavored. ; A dessert apple, but not of the first quality ; in use from November to February. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 81 116. FAIR’S NONPAREIL.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 469. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches high ; ovate, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, tender, of a bright green color at first, but changing as it attains maturity, to a fine clear yellow without any tinge of red. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, and finely plaited basin. Stalk, inserted in a pretty deep cavity, which has sometimes a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, fine, firm, crisp, and juicy, with arich, refreshing, sugary, and vinous flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to February. 117. FAMAGUSTA.—Hort. Ipentiricarion.—Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15. Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish-ovate, somewhat ribbed towards the eye. Skin, smooth, clear deep yellow, thinly strewed with large brownish russety dots, on the shaded side, and marked with patches and veins of thin, delicate, pale brown russet, and a faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and even basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, aqueous, and slightly perfumed. A culinary apple, in use from December to February. The Famagusta of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue canno tbe the original Famagusta mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, and Ray, becau. ¢ Rea says it is “a fair large early apple,” which is confirmed by Wor. “dge placing it “in the number of the best early apples.” The name ‘8, therefore, now given to a variety different from that to which it was orig nally applied, but which may still be in existence in some parts of the country. 118. FARLEIGH PIPPIN.—Lind. Ipewtirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 243. Lind. Guide, 68. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97. Srnonyme.—Farley Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 319. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong-ovate, and with prominent ribs on the sides, which terminate at the crown in bold ridges. Skin, yellowish- green on the shaded side; and brownish-red where exposed to the sun. Eye, deeply set in an angular basin. Flesh, greenish, firm, rich, and sugary. ; A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from January to April. The tree is a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, very hardy, and an abundant bearer. This variety originated at Farleigh, in Kent. G 82 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 119. FEARN’S PIPPIN.—Hooker. IpentiIFIcAaTIon.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2,n.245. Lind. Guide, 47. Fors. Treat. 102. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85. Synonrmes.—Clifton Nonesuch, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Ferris Pippin, Ibid. Flo- rence Pippin, in Covent Garden Market. Ficure.—Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 43. Pom. Mag. t. 67. Rou. Pyr. Mal. t. xii. f. 2. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, streaked with dull red on the shaded side; and bright dark crimson, strewed with grey dots, and small patches of russet on the side next the sun, and extending almost over the whole surface. Eye, large, partially open, with broad connivent segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and pleasantly flavored. An excellent apple, either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is in use from November to February. The tree is very hardy and a great bearer. It is only of late years that it has been brought into general cultivation, and now it is grown very extensively by the London market gardeners, for the supply of Covent Garden Market. 120. FEDERAL PEARMAIN.—Hort. InpentTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 540. Fruit, below medium size; pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish on the shaded side; with a little red, and a few dark red streaks on the side next the sun; the whole thickly covered with large russety dots, and a few patches of russet. Eye, set in a pretty deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a funnel-shaped and russety cavity. Flesh, fine and delicate, very juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in December, and continues till March. 121. FENOUILLET GRIS.—Duh. Ipentirication.—Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 287. t. 5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 246. Lind. Guide, 88. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. Diel Kernobst. iv. 117. Quint. Inst. i, 202. Synoyymes.—Fenouillet, Knoop Pom. 52.t. ix. Fenellet, Zang. Pom. 134, t. xxv. f. 1. Fenouillet, d’Or Gros, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Gros Fenouillet acc. Calvel. Petit Fenouillet, Zbid. Pomme d’Anis, acc. Merlet. Anis, Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 287. George de Pigeon, acc. Knoop.130. Graue Fenchelapfel, Die! Kernobst. iv. 117. Graner Fenchelapfel. Anisapfel, Mayer Pom. Franc. t. xxxii. f. 55. Winter Anisreinette, Christ Handb. No. 116. Fieure.—Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 99. Poit. et Turp. 151. Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height ; roundish-ovate, and broadest at the base. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color, like a Golden Pippin, but almost entirely covered with russet, which is brown on the shaded side, and grey where exposed THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 83 to the sun, mixed with a tinge of redish brown. Eye, small and open, set in a round, wide, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in arather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, and aromatic, partaking much of the flavor of Anise—hence the origin of one of the synonymes. An excellent dessert apple, and when well ripened is considered of first-rate quality by those who are partial to its peculiar flavor. It is in season from December to March, and at an advanced period becomes woolly. The tree is a small and slender grower ; but an abundant bearer. It requires a rich soil and warm situation, and succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock. 122. FENOUILLET JAUNE.—Duh. IpDENTIFICATION.—Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 290. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Bon. Jard. Synonymes.— Drap d’Or, Knoop Pom. 59. Caracter Appel, Ibid. t.x. Pomme de Caracttre, Ibid. 130. Reinette Drap d’Or, Jdid. 130. Embroidered Pippin, Lind Guide, 46. Ficure.—Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 105. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three quarters high ; roundish, flattened, and broadest at the base; even and regularly formed. Skin, fine bright yellow, marked with reticulations of pale brown russet. Hye, small and closed, set in a wide and pretty deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, firm, sugary, and richly perfumed. A delicious little dessert apple ; in use from December to April. The tree is a free grower, quite hardy, and an excellent bearer ; but requires a light and warm soil. According to Knoop, this apple is called Pomme de Caractére, from the linear tracings of russet with which it is covered, being so disposed as to give it the appearance of being marked with letters or characters. 123. FENOUILLET ROUGE.—Duh. IpentiFicaTion —Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 289. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 247. Lind. Guide, 47. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Diel Kernobst. iii. 199. Syvonymes.—Courtpendd, Quint. Inst. i. 202. Reinette Courtpendt, Knoop Pom. 129. Courtpenda Gris, Jdid. 60. Reinette de Goslinga, Ibid. 129. Carpendy, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 355. Petit Courtpendu Gris, Inst. Arb. Fr.154. Bardin, Schad. Prat. ii. 88. Pomme de Bardin, Riv. et Moul. Meth.191. Curtipendula Minora, Bauh. Hist, i. 23. Rothe Fenchelapfel, Diel Kernobst. iii. 199. Reinette Grise de Champagne, ace. Bret. Ecole. Figurn.—Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 99. Mayer Pom. Frane. tab. xxxili. Poit. et Turp. pl. 67. i Fruit, small, two inches broad and about the same in height ; round- ish, and alittle flattened. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, but so entirely covered with dark grey russet as to leave none of the ground color visible, except that portion exposed to the sun, which is dark redish brown. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, about an inch long, sometimes obliquely inserted, by the side of a fleshy GR 84 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. prominence, in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, rich, sugary, and highly perfumed with the flavor of anise or fennel An excellent dessert apple ; in use from November to January. The tree is a small grower, but an abundant bearer, and requires a warm and rich soil to have the fruit in perfection. 124, FILL-BASKET.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height ; conical, round at the base, flattened at the apex, and distinctly angular on the sides. Skin, pale dull greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and streaked with broken patches and pencilings of pale red, where exposed to the sun, the whole covered with russety dots. Eye, closed, as if drawn together or puckered, placed level with the flat crown, and with a small knob or wart at the base of each segment. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is surrounded with dark brown russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and acid, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. An excellent culinary apple, extensively grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it is highly esteemed ; it is in use from October to January. This, which may be called the Lancashire Fill-basket, is very different from the Kentish varicty of that name. 125. FLANDERS PIPPIN.—H. Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two and a quarter high ; oblate, and marked on the sides with ten distinct angles, five of which are more prominent than the others. Skin, pale green, changing to pale greenish-yellow as it ripens, and occasionally tinged with a cloud of thin dull red on the side exposed to the sun, and thinly strewed with a few dots. Eye, closed, with long and downy segments, set in a narrow and ribbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, slender, and inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tender, and marrowy, juicy, and briskly flavored. A culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use during October and November. It is much grown in the Berkshire orchards. 126. FLOWER OF KENT.—Park. IpenriFicaTion.—Park. Par. 587. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind Guide, 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, ». 254. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32. Ficgure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xv. f. 2. Fruit, large ; roundish, and considerably flattened, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, where they form prominent knobs on the apex. Skin, greenish-yellow, thickly strewed with green dots on the shaded side; but next the sun, dull red marked THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 85 with patches and streaks of livelier red, and dotted with light grey dots. Eye, large and open, with broad reflexed segments, and placed in a large angular basin, which is marked with russet. Stalk, an inch long, thick and strong, deeply set in an angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant and briskly acid flavor. A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to January. The tree is a pretty good bearer, one of the strongest and most vigor- ous growers, and consequently more suitable for the orchard than the fruit garden. This is a very old variety, being mentioned by Parkinson, Leonard Meager, and Ray, but there is no notice of it in the works of any sub- sequent writer till the publication of Forsyth’s Treatise. 127. FLUSHING SPITZENBURGH.—Down. IpENTIFICATION.—Down. Fr. Amer. 139. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, entirely covered with deep red, which is streaked with deeper red, except on any small portion where it has been shaded, and there it is green, marked with broken streaks and mottles of red, the whole surface strewed with light grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with plaits. Stalk, nearly an inch long, in- serted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, sweet, juicy, and without any predominance of acid. 86 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. An American dessert apple of little value; in use from October to January. ; In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue this is made synonymous with Esopus Spitzenburgh, but it is quite a different variety. 128. FOREST STYRE.—Knight. IpEntiFIcATIoN——Pom. Heref. pl. xii- Synonrmes.—Stire, Marsh. Gloucest. ii. 251. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n. 799. Forest Styre, Lind. Guide, 104. Fiaure.—Pom. Heref. pl. xii. Fruit, below medium size; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush of red on the side which is exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short obtuse segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, firm. Specific gravity of the juice from 1076 to 1081. This is a fine old Gloucestershire cider apple, which is extensively cultivated on the thin limestone soils of the Forest of Dean. The cider that it produces is strong bodied, rich, and highly flavored. The tree produces numerous straight, luxuriant, upward shoots, like a pollard willow ; it runs much to wood, and in deep soils attains a con- siderable size before it becomes fruitful. 129. FORGE.—H. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, obscurely'ribbed, and sometimes nar- rowing towards the eye, where it is angular. Skin, Y smooth and shin- 3 ing, of a fine gold- en yellow color, \ strewed with mot- / tles of crimson on } the shaded side ; | and dark red marked with patches of deep crimson on the side exposed to the sun; some- times when much exposed to the sun the yellow assumes a deep orange tinge. : Eye, small and closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, surrounded THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 87 with thick russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, mellow, juicy, sweet, and finely perfumed. A beautiful and valuable apple, suitable either for the dessert, culi- nary use, or for the manufacture of cider. It is in use from October to January. The tree attains about the middle size, is perfectly hardy and healthy, and quite free from canker and disease. It is a most abundant and regular bearer. I am surprised that this beautiful apple has hitherto escaped the notice of pomologists, it being so universally grown, and generally popular, in the district to which it belongs. In the north-eastern parts of Sussex, and the adjoining county of Surrey, it is extensively culti- vated, and I believe there is scarcely a cottager’s garden where it is not to be met with, nor is there a cottager to whom its name is not as familiar as his own, it being considered to supply all; the qualifica- tions that a valuable apple is supposed to possess; and although this judgment is formed in contrast with the other varieties grown in the district, nevertheless, the Forge is a useful and valuable apple, particularly to acottager, whether we consider its great productiveness, its uses as a dessert and excellent cooking apple, or the excellent cider which it pro- duces. It is said to have originated at a blacksmith’s forge near East Grinstead. 130. FORMAN’S CREW.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 256. Lind. Guide, 69. Rog. Fr. Cult. 60, Figure.—Pom, Mag. t. 89. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and two inches wide; conical, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale yellowish-green, with redish-brown on the side exposed to the sun, covered with pale, thin, yellowish-brown russet. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, greenish- yellow, juicy, rich, and highly flavored, with much of the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin. : . An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it comes into use in November, and keeps till April. The tree is a great bearer, but tender and subject to canker. ; It is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise stock. This variety was raised by Thomas Seton Forman, Esq., Pennydarron Place, near Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorganshire. 131. FOULDEN PEARMAIN.—Lind. IpentiFIcaTIon.—Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 541. Synonymu.—Horrex’s Pearmain, ace. Lind. in Hort. Trans. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about the same broad; ovate, Skin, yellow in the shade, and clear thin red on 88 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. the side exposed to the sun, strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a round and moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, very juicy, and briskly acid. An excellent culinary apple, and suitable also for the dessert ; in use from November to March. This variety originated in the garden of Mrs. Horrex, of Foulden, in Norfolk, and was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who communicated it to the Horticultural Society, March 7, 1820. 132. FOXLEY.—Knight. IpENTIFICATION.—Pom. Heref. t. 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 258. Lind. Guide, 104. Ficure.—Pom. Heref. t. 14. Fruit, growing in clusters of two or three together, very small, not much larger than a good sized cherry ; roundish, and sometimes a little flattened, and narrowing towards the crown. Skin, deep, rich, golden yellow on the shaded side ; and bright redish-orange on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, not depressed, and surrounded ‘ y with a few knobs. Stalk, about an inch a long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow. Specific gravity of the juice 1080. [ A valuable cider apple. This variety was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., from the Cherry Apple, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin. It was named Foxley from the seat of the late Uvedale Price, Esq., in whose garden, where it had been grafted, it first attained maturity. Mr. Knight says, “ there is no situation where the common Wild Crab will produce fruit, in which the Foxley will not produce a fine cider.” 133, FOX-WHELP.—Evelyn. Ipentirication.—Evelyn Pom. Lind. Guide, 105. Fors. Treat. 101. Down. Fr. Amer. 146. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112. Worl. Vin. 162. FicgurEe.—Pom. Heref. t. 3. Fruit, medium sized ; ovate, and irregularly shaped, with prominent angles on the sides. Skin, yellow and red, mixed with a good deal of deeper red streaked all over the fruit. Specific gravity of the juice 1076 when the fruit is healthy ; and when small and shrivelled it is 1080. The juice of this variety is extremely rich and saccharine, and enters in a greater or less proportion into the composition of many of the finest ciders in Herefordshire, to which it communicates both strength and flavor. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 89 This is one of the oldest of our cider apples, and is enumerated by Evelyn; but is not so highly extolled as the Redstreak, and some other varieties. In Evelyn’s ‘‘ Advertisements concerning Cider,” a ‘“ person of great experience,” says “ Cider for strength and a long lasting drink is hest made of the For- Whelp of the Forest of Dean, but which comes not to be drunk till two or three years old. By Worlidge it was “ es- teemed among the choice cider fruits.” 134. FRANKLIN’S GOLDEN PIPPIN.—Hort. IpenriFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 0.283. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind. Guide, 15. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Diel Kernobst. x. 92. SynonyME.—Sudlow’s Fall Pippin, Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 217. Ficure.—Pom. Mag. t. 187. Ron. Pyr. Mal, pl. xviii. f. 3. Fruit, medium sized ; oblato-ovate, even and regularly formed. Skin, of an uniform deep yellow, covered all over with dark spots interspersed with fine russet, parti- cularly round the apex. Eye, small, with long narrow segments overlap- ping each other, partially open, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short and slender, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a round, narrow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, ten- der, and crisp, very juicy, vinous, and aromatic. A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to December. The tree does not attain a large size, but is vigorous, healthy, and hardy, and an excellent bearer. It is well suited for a dwarf or espalier, and succeeds well on the paradise stock. This is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by John Sudlow, Esq., of Thames Ditton, and first exhibited at the London Horticultural Society in 1819. 135. FRIAR.—Knight. Ipentirication.—Pom. Heref. t. 30. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 126. Figure.—Pom. Heref. t. 30. Fruit, of good size ; somewhat conical, being broad at the base, and narrow at the crown. Skin, dark grass-green on the shaded side ; and 90 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. dark muddy livid red where exposed to the sun. Eye, sunk, and sur- rounded by four or five obtuse but prominent ridges. Stalk, short and stiff, notwithstanding which the fruit is generally pendant. Specific gravity of its juice 1073. This is a cider apple cultivated in the north-west parts of Hereford- shire, where the climate is cold, and the soil unfavourable, and where pro- per attention is never paid by the farmer to the management of his cider, which in consequence is generally fit only for the ordinary purposes of a farm-house.—Knight. The trees are vigorous and productive. Mr. Knight says, “ The Friar probably derived its name from some imagined resemblance between its color and that of the countenance of a well-fed ecclesiastic.” 1386. FULWOOD.—Hort. IpEntIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 261. Lind. Guide, 48. SynonrmE.—Green Fulwood, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, with broad irregular ribs on the sides. Skin, green, covered with broken stripes of dark dull red on the side next the sun. Eye, large and closed, moderately depressed, and surrounded with broad plaits. Stalk, short and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and uneven cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy, briskly acid, and slightly perfumed. A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to March. 1387. GANGES.—Lind. IDENTIFICATION.—Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 262. Fruit, large ; oblong and irregular. Skin, green, with a few specks of darker green interspersed; and dashed with red on the sunny side. Eye, hollow. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted, quite within the base. Flesh, pale yellowish-green, sub-acid, and of good flavor. A culinary apple; in use from October to January.—Lindley. 138. GARTER.—Knight. IpentiricaTion.—Pom. Heref. t. 26. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 125. Ficgure.—Pom. Heref. t. 26. Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, tapering from the base to the crown, perfectly round in its circumference, and free from angles. Skin, pale yellow on the shaded side; but when exposed to the sun of a bright lively red, shaded with darker streaks and patches quite into the crown. Specific gravity of its juice 1066. Though this contains but a small portion of saccharine matter, it contributes to afford excellent cider when mixed with some of the older varieties. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 91 139. GLORIA MUNDI—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, n. 271. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. SynonymEs.—Monstrous Pippin, Core View, 117. Baltimore, Hort. Trans. iii, 120. Lind. Guide, 61. Glazenwood Gloria Mundi, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. New York Gloria Mundi, Jé¢d. American Gloria Mundi, Zbid. American Mammoth, Jbid. Mammoth, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 13. Ox Apple, acc. Downing. Pomme Josephine, Poit et Turp. v.tab. 423. Pomme Melon, [did. Belle Josephine, Lelieur. Belle Dubois, acc. Dubrieul. Paternoster, Jbid. Rhode Island, Jbid. Hausmiitter- chen, Teutsche G. Mag. ii. 453, t. 29. Menagére, Ibid. Ficures.—Hort. Trans. vol. iii. t. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiv. f. 2. Poit. et Turp. tab. 423. Fruit, immensely large, sometimes measuring four inches and a half in diameter ; of a roundish shape, angular on the sides, and flattened both at the base and the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, in- terspersed with white dots and patches of thin delicate russet, and tinged with a faint blush of red next the sun. Lye, large, open, and deeply set in a wide and slightly furrowed basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and open cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and though not highly flavored, is an excellent culinary apple. It is in use from October to Christmas. This variety is of American origin, but some doubts exist as to where it was first raised, that honor being claimed by several different locali- ties. The general opinion, however, is, that it originated in the garden of a Mr. Smith, in the neighbourhood of Baltimore, and was first brought over to this country by Captain George Hudson, of the ship Belvedere, of Baltimore, in 1817. It was introduced from America into France by Comte Lelieur, in 1804. But from the account given in the Allgemeines Teutsches Girtenmagazin, it is doubtful whether it is a native of Ame- rica, for in the volume of that work for 1805, it is said to have been raised by Herr Kiinstgartner Maszman, of Hanover. If that account is correct, its existence in America is in all probability owing to its having been taken thither by some Hanoverian emigrants. At page 41, vol. iii., Dittrich has confounded the synonymes of the Gloria Mundi with Golden Mundi, which he has described under the name of Monstow’s Pepping. 140. GLORY OF ENGLAND.—H. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and over two inches and three quarters high ; ovate, somewhat of the shape of Emperor Alex- ander, ribbed on the sides, and terminated round the eye by a number of puckered-like knobs. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with numerous embedded whitish specks, particularly round the eye, and covered with large dark russety dots, and linear marks of russet; but on the side exposed to the sun it is of a deeper yellow, with a few broken streaks and dots of crimson. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in a shallow and puckered basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, juicy, sprightly, and slightly perfumed. An excellent culinary apple ; in use from October to January. 92 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 141. GLORY OF THE WEST.—Diel. IpentTIFICATION.—Diel Kernobst. xii. 83. Fruit, large, three inches and a quacter broad, and two inches and three quarters high; oblate, ridged and angular about the eye, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, smooth and shining, yellow, mixed in some parts with a tinge of green, and washed with thin clear red on the side next the sun; the whole surface is strewed with minute russety dots, and several large dark spots, such as are often met with on the Haw- thornden. Eye, large, with long segments, and set in an angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is surrounded with a large patch of rough grey russet. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm but tender, very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and slightly perfumed flavor. A culinary apple of first quality ; it is in use the end of October and continues till Christmas. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a great size, and is an excellent bearer. I had this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it is evidently identical with the Glory of the West of Diel, a name which, according to Lindley, is sometimes applied to the Dutch Codlin. The variety here described bears a considerable resemblance to that known by the name of Turk’s Cap. 142. GOGAR PIPPIN.—Fors. IprentiFicarion.—Fors. Treat. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 273. Lind. Guide, 48. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. Synonyme.—Stone Pippin, of some, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Fruit, medium sized; roundish, obscurely angled, and slightly flat- tened. Skin, thick and membranous, pale green, strewed all over with small russety dots, and faintly mottled with a tinge of brownish-red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a very shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish- white, tender, juicy, sugary, and brisk. A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from January to March. This variety is of Scotch origin, and is said to have originated at Gogar, near Edinburgh. 143. GOLDEN HARVEY.—Knight. Ipentirication.—Pom. Heref. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 275. Lind. Guide, 49. Down. Fr, Amer. 111. Rog Fr. Cult. 61. Synonymes.—Brandy, Fors. Treat. 95. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 45. Round Russet Har- vey, Rea Pom. 210. Worl. Vin, 159 ? Ficures.—Pom. Heref. t. 22. Pom. Mag. t. 39. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 4. Fruit, small; oblato-cylindrical, even and free from angles. Skin, entirely covered with rough scaly russet, with sometimes a patch of the THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 93 yellow ground color exposed on the shaded side, and covered with brownish-red on the side next the sun, Eye, small and open, with very short, reflexed segments, set wy in a wide, shallow, «nd slightly plaited basin. Stalk, half-an- inch long, inserted in a shal- low cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, with an exceedingly rich aud pow- erful aromatic flavor. This is one of the richest and most excellent dessert apples ; it is in use from De- cember to May; but is very apt to shrivel if exposed to light and air as most russety A apples are. The tree is a free grower, and perfectly hardy. It at- tains about the middle size and is an excellent bearer. When grown on the paradise stock it is well adapted for dwarf training, and forms a good espalier. Independently of being one of the best dessert apples, it is also one of the best for cider ; and from the great strength of its juice, the specific gravity of which is 1085, it has been called the Brandy Apple. 144. GOLDEN KNOB.—Fors. IpentiFicaTion.—Fors. Treat. 104. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 279. Rog. Fr. Cult. 54. Synonyme.—Kentish Golden Knob, Nursery Catalogues. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 9. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height ; ovate, sometimes a little flattened, which gives it a roundish shape. Skin, pale green, becoming yellowish-green as it attains maturity ; much covered with russet round the base and on the shaded side; but yellow, marked with streaks of a redish tinge, with crimson dots next the sun, and thickly strewed all over with large freckles of russet. Eye, open, generally with long segments, but in the roundish specimens they are short and stunted, and placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, very short, and quite embedded in the cavity. Flesh, greenish- white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, of a brisk, sweet flavor. A good dessert apple, of second-rate quality; in use from December to March. The tree is hardy and a vigorous grower, producing enormous crops, and on that account extensively cultivated, particularly in Kent, for the supply of the London markets. Though a good apple it is one more deserving the attention of the orchardist than the fruit gardener. 94 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 145. GOLDEN MONDAY.—Switz. Synonyme.—Monstow’s Pepping, Ditt. Handb. iii. 41. Fruit, small, about two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, smooth, pale grass green on the shaded side; but fine clear golden yellow dotted with crimson dots, on the side exposed to the sun, and in some parts marked with ramifica- tions of very thin delicate brown russet, which generally issue from the basin of the eye. Eye, small, and rather open, with narrow, acute, and stiff segments, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an inch long, quite embedded in a narrow, round, and rather deep cavity, which, with the base, is covered with very thick and rough scaly russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, not very juicy, sugary, brisk, and perfumed, not unlike the flavor of the Golden Pippin. A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from Octo- ber to Christmas. I do not know what the Golden Mundi of Forsyth is, which he describes as a fine handsome apple, beautifully streaked with red; but that now described is the Golden Monday of the Berkshire orchards, and the same as has been cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery for upwards of a hundred years. The Golden Russet is sometimes called by the name of Golden Mon- day, but it is a very distinct variety from this. 146. GOLDEN NOBLE,.—Hort. Ibentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 524. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 280. Lind. Guide, 49. Fruit, large ; round, and narrowing towards the eye, handsome. Skin: smooth, clear bright yellow, without any blush of red, but a few small redish spots and small patches of russet. Eye, small, set in a round and deep basin, surrounded with plaits. Stalk, short, with a fleshy growth on one side of it, which connects it with the fruit. Flesh, yellow, ten- der, with a pleasant acid juice, and baking of a clear amber color, per- fectly melting, with a rich acidity. A valuable culinary apple; in use from September to December. This was first brought into notice by Sir Thomas Harr, of Stowe Hall, Norfolk, whose gardener procured it from a tree supposed to be the ori- ginal, in an old orchard at Downham, and communicated it to the Hor- ticultural Society of London, in 1820. 147. GOLDEN PEARMAIN.—Fors. IpEntiFIcaTion.—Fors. Treat.103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n.542. Lind. Guide, 70 Synonyme.—Ruckman’s Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 755. Ficgure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 6. Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and a half in diameter, and the same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped, irregularly ribbed on the sides, and uneyen at the apex. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with patches of rus- THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 95 set, and covered with minute russety dots on the shaded side ; but deep redish orange, streaked with deeper color, and strewed with minute rus- sety dots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with reflexed segments, and set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, slender, three quarters of an inch long, and obliquely inserted, with f.e- quently a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, ina rather shallow cavity, which is lined with green russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, very juicy, sweet, and lacking acidity, which gives it a sickly flavor. An apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for culinary purposes or the dessert ; in use from November to March. The tree is an upright grower and a free bearer, but requires to be grown in good soil. In America this is esteemed as a cider apple. 148. GOLDEN PIPPIN.—Evelyn. IpEnTIFICATION.— Evelyn Pom. Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Pom. Heref. Lind. Guide, 16. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 38, n. 281. Down. Fr. Amer, 112. Synonymes.—Small Golding Pippin, or Bayford, Meag. Eng. Gard. 85. Barford Pippin, ace. Ratt Hist. Russet Golden Pippin, Lang. Pom. 130, t. Ixxix. f. 5. Balgown Pippin, Leslie and Anders. Cat. English Reinette, acc. West. Univ. Bot. iv. 139. Old Golden Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult. 98. English Golden Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 0.382. London Golden Pippin, J6id. 387. Herefordshire Golden Pippin, Zbid. 384. Milton Golden Pippin, Jéid. 388. Warter’s Golden Pippin, Jéid. 394. Balgone Pippin, Jéid.35. Balgone Golden Pippin, acc. Ibid. ed. 3. Bayfordbury, acc. Ibid. ed. 83. American Plate, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 63, pl. xxxii. f.2. Guolden Peppins, Quint. Inst. i. 202. Reinette d’ Angleterre, Schab. Prat.ii. 88 Pepin d’Or, Knoop Pom. 54, tab.ix. Pomme d’Or, Duh. Arb. Fruit. i, 292, t. 7. Gelbe Englische Pipe, Meyen Baumsch. No. 14. Gold Pepping, Diel Kernobst. ii. 69. Peppin d’Or, Knoop. Pom. tab. ix. Goud Pep- ping, Iéid.131. Goudeling’s Pepping, Ibid. Gulden Pipping, 7bid. Engelsche Goud Pepping, Ibid. Litle Pepping, Ibid. Kcenings Peppeling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 527. Ficures.—Pom. Heref. t.2. Hook. Pom. Lond. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f 5. dard. Fruit, ed. 2, pl. 108. Fruit, small; roundish, inclining to oblong, regularly and handsomely shaped, without inequalities or angles on the sides. Skin, rich yellow, assuming a deep golden tinge when perfectly ripe, with a deeper tinge where it has been exposed to the sun ; the whole surface is strewed with russety dots, which are largest on the sunny side, and intermixed with these are numerous em- bedded pearly specks. Eye, small and open, with long “Ss segments, placed in a shal- low, smooth, and even basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, inserted in a 96 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. pretty deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk, vinous, and particularly fine flavor. One of the oldest and by far the most highly esteemed of our dessert apples, and neither the Borsdorffer of the Germans, the Reinette of the French, nor the Newtown Pippin of the Americans, will ever occupy in the estimation of the English the place now accorded to the Golden Pip- pin. It is also an excellent cider apple. The specific gravity of its juice is 1078. It is in season from November to April. The tree is a free and vigorous grower, but does not attain a great size. It is also an excellent bearer. When and where the Golden Pippin was first discovered, are now mat- ters of uncertainty ; but all writers agree in ascribing to it an English ori- gin, some supposing it to have originated at Parham Park, near Arundel, in Sussex. Although it is not recorded at so early a period as some others, there is no doubt it is a very old variety. It is not, however, the “ Golding Pippin” of Parkinson, for he says “it is the greatest and best of all sorts of Pippins.” It was perhaps this circumstance that led Mr. Knight to remark, that from the description Parkinson has given of the apples cul- tivated in his time, it is evident that those now known by the same names, are different, and probably new varieties. But this is no evidence of such being the case, for I find there were two sorts of Golden Pippin, the “Great Golding,” and the “ Small Golding, or Bayford,” both of which are mentioned by Leonard Meager, and there is no doubt the “ Golding Pippin,” of Parkinson, was the “ Great Golding.” Whether it was because it was little known, or its qualities were unappreciated, that the writers of the 17th century were so restrictive in their praises of the Golden Pippin, it is difficult to say ; but true it is whilst Pear- mains, Red Streaks, Codlings, and Catsheads, are set forth as the deside- rata of an orchard, the Golden Pippin is but rarely noticed. Ralph Aus- tin calls it “a very speciall apple and great bearer.” Evelyn certainly states that Lord Clarendon cultivated it, but it was only asa cider apple : for he says “at Lord Clarendon’s seat at Swallowfield, Berks, there is an orchard of 1000 Golden and other cider Pippins.” In his Treatise on Cider he frequently notices it as a cider apple; but never in any place that I can recollect of as a dessert fruit. In the Pomona, he says, “« About London and the southern tracts, the Pippin, and especially the Golden, is esteemed for making the most delicious cider, most whole- some, and most restorative.” Worlidge merely notices it as “smaller than the Orange Apple, else much like it in color, taste, and long keep- ing.” Ray seems the first who fully appreciated it, for after minutely and correctly describing it, he says, “ Ad omnes culine usus prestan- tissimum habetur, et Pomaceo conficiendo egregium.” De Quintinye’s remarks are not at all complimentary. He says it has altogether the character of the paradise or some other wild apple, it is extremely yellow and round, little juice, which is pretty rich, and without bad flavor. But the Jardinier Solitaire, more impartial, or with better judgment, says, “son eau est tres sucrée; elle ale gofit plus relevé: que la Reynette ; c’est ce que luy donne le mérite d’étre reconnué pour une tres excellente pomme.” The opinion of Angran de Rueneuve is also worth recording. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 97 * La Pomme d’Or est venué d’Angleterre ; on ly apelle Goule-Pepin. J’estime qu’elle doit étre la Reyne des Pommes, et que la Reynette ne doit marche qu’ aprés elle; car elle est d’un plus fin relief que toutes les autres Pommes.” Switzer calls it “ the most antient, as well as most excellent apple that is.” But itis not my intention to record all that has been written in praise of the Golden Pippin, for that of itself would occupy too much space, my object in making these extracts being simply to show the gradual progress of its popularity. The late President of the London Horticultural Society, T. A. Knight, Esq., considered that the Golden Pippin, and all the old varieties of English apples, were in the last stage of decay, and that a few years would witness their total extinction. This belief he founded upon the degenerate state of these varieties in the Herefordshire orchards, and also upon his theory that no variety of apple will continue to exist more than 200 years. But that illustrious man never fell into a greater error. It would be needless to enter into any further discussion upon a subject concerning which so much has already been said and written, as there is sufficient evidence to confute that theory. The Pearmain, which is the oldest English apple on record, shows no symptoms of decay, neither does the Catshead, London Pippin, Winter Quoining, or any other variety ; those only having been allowed to disappear from our orchards, which were not worth perpetuating, and their places supplied by others infinitely superior. It is now considerably upwards of half a century since this doctrine was first promulgated, and though the old, exhausted, and diseased trees of the Herefordshire orchards, of which Mr. Knight spoke, together with their diseased progeny—now that they have performed their part, and fulfilled the end of their existence—may ere this have passed away, we have the Golden Pippin still, in all the luxuriance of early youth, where it is found in a soil congenial to its growth; and exhibiting as little symptoms of decay as any of the varieties which Mr. Knight raised to supply the vacancy he expected it to create. In the Brompton Park Nursery, where the same Golden Pippin has been cultivated for nearly two centuries, and continued from year to year by grafts taken from young trees in the nursery quarters, I never saw the least disposition to disease, canker, or decay of any kind; but, on the contrary, a free, vigorous, and healthy growth. But this alarm of Mr. Knight for the safety of the Golden Pippin, and his fear of its extinction, were based upon no new doctrine, for we find Mortimer a hundred years before, equally lamenting the Kentish Pippin. After speaking of manures, &c., for the regeneration of fruit trees, he says, “I shall be glad if this account may put any upon the trial of raising that excellent fruit the Kentish Pippin, which else, I fear, will be lost. For I find in several orchards, both in Kent, Essex, and Hert- fordshire, old trees of that sort, but I can find no young ones to prosper. A friend of mine tried a great many experiments in Hertfordshire, about raising them, and could never get them to thrive, though he had old trees in the same orchard that grew and bore very well. I likewise tried several experiments myself, and have had young trees thrive so well, as to make many shoots of a yard long in a year, but these young shoots H 98 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. were always blasted the next year, or cankered; which makes me think that the ancients had some particular way of raising them, that we have lost the knowledge of.” Although this was written a hundred and fifty years ago, we have the Kentish Pippin still, which though not so much culti- vated, or so well known now as then, is nevertheless where it does exist as vigorous and healthy as ever it was. 149. GOLDEN REINETTE.—Hort. fventirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 661. Lind. Guide, 50. Down. Fr. Amer, 129. Rog. Fr. Cult. 101. Synonymes.—Aurore, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,26. Dundee, Jbid. 289. Megginch Favorite, Zid. 600. Princesse Noble, Fbid.814. Reinette d’Aix, Ibid. 860. Rei- nette Gielen, Jdid. 888. Yellow German Reinette, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Elizabeth, Ibid. Englise Pippin, Zbid. Wygers, Jtid. Court-pendu dorée, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 206. Kirke’s Golden Reinette, Rog. Fr. Cult. 102. Golden Renet. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Golden Rennet, Lang. Pom. 134, t. Ixxvi. f. 6. ae Treat. 103. Pomme Madame, Knoop Pom. 65, t. xi. Wyker Pipping, wd, 132, Fiaurrs.—Pom. Mag. t. 69. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xii. f. 6. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and a little flattened. Skin, a fine deep yellow, which to- wards the sun is tinged with red, streaked with deeper and live- lier red, and dot- ted all over with russety dots. Eye, large and open, with short dry segments, and set in a wide and even basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, yel- low, crisp, brisk, juicy, rich, and sugary. A fine old dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it isin te Gon Novem- ber to April. The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer. It requires a light and warm soil, and is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise stock. Large quantities of this fruit are grown in the counties round London for the supply of the different markets, where they always command a high price. : This variety has been long known in this country and esteemed as one of the finest apples. Worlidge, in 1676, says, “ It is to be preferred in our plantations for all occasions.” Ellis, in his “ Modern Hushand- ‘THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 99 man,” 1744, says, “ The Golden Rennet, when of the largest sort, may be truly said to be the farmer’s greatest favorite apple, because when all others miss bearing, this generally stands his friend, and bears him large quantities on one tree.” 150. GOLDEN RUSSET.—Ray. IDENTIFICATION.—Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed.3,n. 740. Lind. Guide, 89. Fors. Treat. 103. Rog. Fr. Cult. 105. Down. Fr. Amer. 132. Synonyme.—Aromatick, or Golden Russeting, Worl. Vin. 156. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxix. f. 2. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; ovate. Skin, thick, covered with dingy yellow russet, which is rough and thick on the shaded side, and round the base; and sometimes with a little bright red on the side next the sun, Eye, small and closed, set in a prominently plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in an uneven cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh, pale yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and aromatic; but not abounding in juice. An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to March. The tree is healthy and an excellent bearer, but requires a warm situation to bring the fruit to perfection. This is another of our old English apples. Worlidge calls it the Aroma- tick, or Golden Russeting, “it hath no compear, it being of a gold-color coat, under a russet hair, with some warts on it. It lives over the winter, and is, without dispute, the most pleasant apple that grows; having a most delicate aromatick hautgust, and melting in the mouth.” 151. GOLDEN STREAK.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; ovate. Skin, fine clear yellow, marked all over with broken streaks of fine bright crimson. Lye, large and open, consider- ably depressed. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a russety basin. Flesh, yellow, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. A Somersetshire cider apple. 152. GOLDEN WINTER PEARMAIN.—Diel. IpDENTIFICATION.—Diel Kernobst. x. 174. Synonymes.—King of the Pippins, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 383. Fors. Treat. 110. Lind. Guide, 31. Down. Fr. Amer. 88. Hampshire Yellow, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 431. Hampshire Yellow Golden Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult. 86. Jones’s Southampton Pippin, acc. Rogers. Ficures.—Pom. Mag. t.117. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxviii. f. 4, Fruit, medium sized ; abrupt pearmain-shaped, broadest at the base. Skin, smooth, of a deep, rich, golden yellow, which is paler on the shaded side than on that exposed to the sun, where it is of a deep orange, marked H 2 100 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. with streaks and mottles of crimson, and strewed with russety dots. Eye, large and open, with long, acuminate, and reflexed segments ; and placed in a round, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin pale brown russet mixed with a tinge of green. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, breaking, juicy, and sweet; with a pleasant and somewhat aromatic flavor. A beautiful and very handsome apple of first-rate quality, and suitable either for the dessert or for culinary purposes ; it is in use from the end of October to January. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, a most abundant bearer, and attains a considerable size. It is perfectly hardy, and will grow in almost any situation. This variety was first brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, a nursery- man, at Brompton, under the name of King of the Pippins. I have, however, thought it advisable to discontinue that name in connection with this variety, because Diel previously possessed and described it under the name of Golden IVinter Pearmain, which is much more appro- priate; and the name of King of the Pippins belongs to another and very distinct variety.—See No. 199. 158. GOOSEBERRY.—Hort. IpEntTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 293. Fruit, very large ; roundish-ovate. Skin, smooth, deep lively green, with a brownish tinge where exposed to the sun; strewed all over with THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 101 minute russety dots, which are large and redish next the sun. Eye, open, with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep, round, and slightly russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, very tender, delicate, and mar- rowy, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. A culinary apple of the finest quality, and surpassed by none for the purpose to which it is applicable ; it is in use from October to January. This is a valuable apple to the market gardener, and is now exten- sively cultivated in the Kentish orchards, particularly about Faversham, and Sittingbourne, for the supply of the London Markets. This is a very different apple from the Gooseberry Pippin of Ronald’s Pyrus Malus Brentfordensis. 154. GRANGE.—Knight. IpENTIFICATION.—Pom. Heref. t. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat, ed. 3, n. 295. Lind. Guide, 106. FiguRE.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 6. Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, of a rich golden yellow, assuming a slight orange tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, with broad, flat, and reflexed segments; and scarcely at all depressed. Stalk, very short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity, which is tinged with green color and slightly russety. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and briskly flavored. A very excellent apple either for the dessert or for the manufacture of cider ; it is in use from October to January. The specific gravity of its juice is 1079. The tree is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer. This is one of the excellent productions of T. A. Knight, Esq. It was raised in 1791, from the seed of the Orange Pippin, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and introduced in 1802. The original tree is at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire. 155. GRANGE’S PEARMAIN.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Synonyrme.—Grange’s Pippin, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height; pearmain- shaped, as large, and very much the shape of the Royal Pearmain. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of green, and studded with embedded pearly ‘specks, on some of which are minute russety points, on the shaded side; but marked with broken stripes and spots of crimson, inter- spersed with large russety dots on the side exposed to the sun. Kye, partially closed with broad flat segments, set in a round, deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and rather fleshy, in- serted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, ten- der, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. : A fine large apple of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also 102 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. very good for the dessert. It bakes beautifully, and has a fine and plea- sant acid ; it is in use from November to February. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer. 156. GRAVENSTEIN.—Hort. IpEnT1FICATION—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 297. Lind. Guide, 71. Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 216. Fors. Treat. 104. Down. Fr. Amer. 85. SynonymEs.—Grave Slije, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Sabine, of the Flemings, Jdid. Grifensteiner, Diel Kernobst. viii. 8. Sichler Obstgdrt. xxi. 116. Ficurus.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv. t.21. Pom. Mag.t.98. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. x. f. 1. Fruit, above the medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; roundish, irregular, and angular on the sides, the ribs of which extend from the base even to the eye. Skin, smooth, clear pale waxen-yellow, streaked and dotted with lively crimson, in- termixed with orange, on the side next the sun. Lye, large and open, with long segments, which are a little reflexed, and set in an irregu- lar, angular, and knobbed basin, which is sometimes lined with fine delicate russet, and dotted round the margin with minute russety dots. Stalk, very short, but sometimes three quarters of an inch long, set in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, with a rich, vinous, and powerful aromatic flavor; and if held up between the eye and the light, with the hand placed on the margin of the basin of the eye, it exhibits a transparency like porcelain. This is a very valuable apple of the first quality, and is equally desira- ble either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is in use from October to December. The tree is hardy, a vigorous and healthy grower, and generally a good bearer. It has somewhat of a pyramidal habit of growth, and attains a considerable size. Though not of recent introduction, this beautiful and excellent apple is comparatively but little known, otherwise it would be more generally cultivated. It is one of the favorite apples of Germany, particularly about Hamburgh, and in Holstein, where it is said to have originated in the garden of the Duke of Augustenberg, at the Castle of Grafenstein. The original tree is said to have been in existence about the middle of the last century. According to Diel some suppose it to be of Italian origin. 157. GREEN TIFFING.—H. SynonymME.—Mage’s Johnny, in Lancashire. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half high, and about the same in width ; conical, rounded at the base, and somewhat angular and ribbed on the sides and round the eye. Skin, smooth, green at first, but changing as it ripens to yellowish-green ; next the sun it is quite yellow, strewed with minute russety dots, and a few dots of red. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin, and surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid. YHE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 103 A most excellent culinary apple ; in use from September to December. This is an esteemed variety in Lancashire, where it is extensively cultivated. The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer. 158. GREEN WOODCOCK. Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; round, and somewhat flattened. Skin, green, changing to yellow on the shaded side, and dotted with a few grey dots; but red, mottled with broad broken stripes of darker red on the side next the sun, which become paler as they extend to the shaded side, Eye, open, with long acuminate segments, deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, short, in~ serted in a shallow cavity, lined with rough russet, which extends over the base. Flesh, white, deeply tinged with green, tender, juicy, and briskly flavored. A culinary apple; in use from October to Christmas. This variety is grown in some parts of Sussex particularly about Hails- ham and Heathfield. 159. GREENUP’S PIPPIN.—H. Synonyme.—Greenus’s Pippin, of some Catalogues. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and a half high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and with a prominent rib on one side, extending from the base to the crown. Skin, smooth, pale straw colored tinged with green, on the shaded side; but covered with beautiful bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with several patches of thin delicate russet. Eye, closed, with long flat segments, placed in a round, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a 104 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. wide, cavity. Flesh, pale yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and briskly flavored. An excellent apple, either for culinary or dessert use. ; In the northern counties it is a popular and highly esteemed variety, and ranks as a first-rate fruit. It is in use from October to December. The tree is hardy and healthy; it does not attain a large size, but is an abundant bearer. When grown against a wall, as it is sometimes in the North of England, and border counties, the fruit attains a large size, and is particularly handsome and beautiful. This variety was first discovered growing in the garden of a shoe- maker, at Keswick, named Greenup, and was first cultivated and made public by Clarke and Atkinson, nurserymen at that place about fifty years ago. It is now much cultivated throughout the border counties, and is a valuable apple where the more choice varieties do not attain perfection. 160. GREY LEADINGTON.—Gibs. IpeNtiFicaTion.—Gibs. Fr. Gard. 354. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. Fors. Treat. 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 401. Synonymes.—Leadington’s Grauer Pipping, Diel Kernobst. x. 144. Gray Lead- ington Pippin, J did. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height ; oblong or conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon-colored russet, on the shaded side, and pale red when exposed to the sun; the whole covered with whitish-grey dots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, and set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, tender, very juicy, and of a rich, vinous, sugary, and aromatic flavor. An excellent apple of first-rate quality, desirable either for the dessert or for culinary purposes ; it is in use from September to January. The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock. This is a favorite apple in Scotland, where it ranks among the best dessert fruits. 161. GROS FAROS.—Duh. IDENTIFICATION.—Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 385. Schab. Prat. ii. 90. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 244, Synonyme.—Faros, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; roundish and flattened, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the eye, sometimes slightly angled. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, with a few streaks of red where shaded ; and entirely covered with red, which is striated with deeper red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a narrow, round, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with dark brown russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, firm, juicy, sweet, slightly acid, and perfumed. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 105 A dessert apple of good but not first-rate quality ; in use from Decem- ber to March. The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer. 162. HAGLOE CRAB.—Knight: IDENTIFICATION.—Pom. Heref. t. 5. Fors. Treat. 106. Lind. Guide, 107. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate, flattened, and irregularly shaped. Skin, pale yellow, streaked with red next the sun, and covered with a few patches of grey russet: Eye, open, with flat, reflexed segments. Stalk, short. Flesh, soft and woolly, but not dry. Specific gravity of its juice 1081. This is a most excellent cider apple; the liquor it produces being remarkable for its strength, richness, and high flavor. It requires, how- ever, to be grown in certain situations; a dry soil with a calcareous subsoil, being considered the best adapted for producing its cider in perfection. Marshall says, ‘“‘ It was raised from seed by Mr. Bellamy, of Hagloe, in Gloucestershire, grandfather of the present Mr. Bellamy, near Ross, in Herefordshire, who draws from it (that is, from trees grafted with scions from this parent stock) a liquor, which for richness, flavor, and pure on the spot, exceeds perhaps every other fruit liquor which nature and art have produced. He has been offered sixty guineas for a hogshead (about 110 gallons) of this liqnor. He has likewise been offered bottle for bottle of wine, or spirituous liquors, the best to be produced ; and this without freight, duty, or even a mile of carriage to enhance its original price. 163. HALL DOOR.—Fors. InenTIFICATION.—Iors. Treat. 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 313. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57. Ficoury.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii. f. 1. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quar- ters high ; oblate, puckered round the eye. Skin, pale green at first, but changing to dull yellow, streaked withred. Eye, set in a wide and irregu- lar basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, but coarse, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. A dessert apple of ordinary merit; in use from December to March. 164. HAMBLEDON DEUX ANS.—Hort. Iventirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 202. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 83. Figure.—Ron Pyr. Mal. pl. xlii. f. 4. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, rather broadest at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow in the shade; and dull red, streaked with broad stripes of deeper and brighter red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, green- ish-white, firm, crisp, not very juicy, but richly and briskly flavored. 108 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. One of the most valuable culinary apples, and not unworthy of the dessert; it is in use from January to May, and is an excellent keeper. : This variety originated at Hambledon, a village in Hampshire, where there are several trees of a great age now in existence. 165. HANWELL SOURING.—Hort. Ipenrirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 219. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 319. Lind. Guide, 71. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxx. f. 4. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; roundish-ovate, angular, or somewhat five-sided, and nar- rowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with large rus- sety dots, which are largest about the base ; and with a faint blush of red next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin, which is lined withrusset. Stalk, very short, inserted in an even funnel- shaped cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, with a brisk and poignant acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use in December and keeps till March, when it possesses more acidity than any other variety which keeps to so late a period. It is said to have been raised at Hanwell, a place near Banbury, in Oxfordshire. 166. HARGREAVE’S GREEN-SWEET.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and. a half high; oblato-cylindrical, angular on the sides, with prominent ridges round the eye. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, on the shaded side; but deeper yellow tinged with green, and marked with a few faint streaks of red next the sun, and strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, half open, with linear segments, placed in a deep and angular basin, which is surrounded with ridges formed by the termi- nation of the costal angles. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slen- der, and inserted in a deep, round cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. A good dessert apple but lacks acidity ; it is in use during September and October. About Lancaster this is a well-known apple. The original tree, which is of great age, is still standing in the nursery of John Hargreave and Sons, hence it is called Hargreave’s Green-Sweet. 167. HARVEY APPLE.—Park. IpenTIFICATION.—Park. Par. 587. Aust. Orch. 54. Worl. Vin. 159 ii Hist. ii 1448. Switz. Fr. Gard. 138. Lind. Guide, 72. SERS eee SynonymE.—Doctor Harvey, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 208. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about the same high; ovate, and THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 107 somewhat angular. Skin, greenish-yellow, dotted with green and white specks, and marked with ramifications of russet about the apex. Eye, small, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with several prominent plaits. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in an uneven and deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, and perfumed. A culinary apple of first-rate quality, well-known and extensively cul- tivated in Norfolk ; it is in use from October to J: anuary. The tree is large, hardy, and a great bearer. In the Guide to the Orchard, it is said, “« When baked in an oven which is not too hot, these apples are most excellent ; they become sugary, and will keep a week or ten days, furnishing for the dessert a highly flavored sweetmeat.” This is one of the oldest English apples. It is first mentioned by Parkinson as “a faire, greate, goodly apple; and very well rellished.” Ralph Austen calls it “a very choice fruit, and the trees beare well.” Indeed it is noticed by almost all the early authors. According to Ray it is named in honor of Dr. Gabriel Harvey, of Cambridge, “ Pomum Harveianum ab inventore Gabriele Harveio Doctore nomen sortitum Cantabrigiz suz deliciz.” 168. HARVEY’S PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentiricatTion.—Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 19. Synonyme.—Dredge’s Beauty of Wilts, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Rog. Fr. Cult. 53. Fruit, medium sized; roundish. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but washed with fine red on the side next the sun, and marked with crimson dots. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, and richly flavored. An excellent and useful apple either for culinary purposes or dessert use; it is in season from December to February. The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer ; it attains above the middle size, and may be grown either as an open dwarf, or an espa- lier, when grafted on the paradise stock. 169. HARVEY’S WILTSHIRE DEFIANCE.—H. Fruit, of the largest size ; conical, and very handsomely shaped, dis- tinctly five-sided, having five prominent and acute angles descending from the apex, till they are lost in the base. Skin, fine deep sulphur yel- low; of a deeper shade on the side which is exposed to the sun, and covered all over with minute russety dots, with here and there ramifying patches of russet. Eye, pretty large and open, with short ragged seg- ments, and set in a rather shallow and angular basin. Stalk, very short, about half-an-inch long, and not extending beyond the base, inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough scaly russet, which branches out over a portion of the base. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, sugary, vinous, and richly flavored. Core, very small for the size of the apple. rae very handsome and most desirable apple, being of first-rate quality, either as a dessert or culinary fruit ; it is in use from the end of Octo- ber to the beginning of January. 108 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. This variety seems to be comparatively little known ; but it is well deserving the notice either of the fruit gardener, or the orchardist ; to the latter particularly so, as its size, fine appearance, and handsome shape make it attractive at market; and its solid and weighty flesh give it an advantage over many apples of its size. 170. HAUTE BONTE.—Duh. Ivenrivication.—Duh. Arb, Fruit. i. 315. Quint. Inst. i. 203. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 323. Synonymes.—Reinette grise, haute bonté, Bon Jard. 1843, 514. Blandilalie, in Poitou, ace. Quint. Ficures.—Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 106. Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. pl. xii. f. 1. Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, somewhat ribbed on the sides, and flattened at both ends; broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the apex, which is terminated by prominent ridges. Skin, smooth and shining, green at first, but changing to yellow as it ripens, and with a faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, half open, with long acuminate segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, half- an-inch long, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh, greenish- white, tender, juicy, sugary, rich, brisk, and aromatic. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 109 _ An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality when grown to perfec- tion; it is in use from January to May. This is a variety of the Reinette Grise, and a very old French apple. 171. HAWTHORNDEN.—Hort. Ipentivication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n, 324. Lind. Guide, 17. Down. Fr. Amer. 86. Rog. Fr. Cult. 26. Syvonymus.—Hawthorndean, Fors. Treat. 107. White Hawthorndean, Nicol. Gard. Kal. 256. Red Hawthorndean, ace. Hort. Soc. Cut. White Apple, acc. Nicol. Villa Gard. 30. Ficure.—Hook Pom. Lond. t. 44. Pom. Mag. t. 34. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iv. f. 1. Fruit, varying very much in size, according to the situation and con- dition of the tree ; sometimes it is very large, and again scarcely attain- ing the middle size; generally, however, it is above the medium size; roundish and depressed, with occasionally a prominent rib on one side, which gives it an irregu'arity in its appearance. Skin, smooth, covered with a delicate bloom ; greenish-yellow, with a blush of red on one side, which varies in extent and depth of color according as it has been more or less exposed to the sun, Eye, small and closed, with broad and flat segments, placed in a pretty deep and irregular basin. Stalk, short, stout, and sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, and tender, very juicy, with an agreeable and plea- sant flavor. One of the most valuable and popular apples in cultivation. It is suit- able only for kitchen use, and is in season from October to December. The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and as an early and abundant bearer is unrivalled by any other variety. It succeeds well in almost every description of soil and situation where it is possible for apples to grow. This variety was raised at Hawthornden, a romantic spot near Edin- burgh, celebrated as the birthplace and residence of ‘Drummond the poet, who was born there in 1585. I have never learnt at what period the Hawthornden was first discovered. The first mention of it is in the catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of Edinburgh; but I do not think it was known about London till 1790, when it was introduced to the Brompton Park nursery. 172. HERMANN’S PIPPIN.—H. Synonyme.—Grosser Gestreifter Hermannsapfel, Diel Kernobst. vii. 99 ? Fruit, above medium size, three inches broad, and the same in height ; roundish, and irregularly formed. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side ; but striped and mottled with dark crimson on the side next the sun, and thickly strewed with russety dots round the eye. Eye, open, with long green acuminate segments, which are recurved at the tips, and set in a deep and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with rough grey russet, extending over almost the whole of the hase. Flesh, yellow- ish-white, very tender and juicy, but with little flavor. 110 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. An apple of very ordinary quality, which seems only suitable for culi- nary purposes ; it is in use from October to January. . I received this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it seems to be so like the description of Diel’s Grosser Gestreifter Her- mannsapfel, that I have adopted it as a synonyme. 173. HOARY MORNING.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 336. Lind. Guide, 18. Down. Fr. Amer. 113. Synonrmes.—Dainty Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 234. Downy, Ibid. 275. Sam Rawlings, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Fieures.—Pom. Mag. t. 53. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxviii. f. 1. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, yel- lowish, marked with broad pale red stripes on the shaded side; and broad broken stripes of bright crimson on the side next the sun; the whole surface entirely covered with a thick bloom, like thin hoar frost. Eye, very small, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tinged with red at the surface under the skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and slightly acid. A beautiful and very good culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is in use from October to December. 174. HOLLANDBURY.—Hort. IpEnTIFIcATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 338. Syrnonymes.—Hollingbury, Fors. Treat. 107. Hawhberry Pippin, acc. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3. Horsley Pippin, Jbid. Beau Rouge, Jbid. Bonne Rouge, Ibid. Howbury Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 467. Kirke’s Scarlet Admirable, Rog. Fr. Cult. 38. Kirke’s Schéner Rambour, Diel. Kernobst. v. B. 52. Ficures.—Brook. Pom. Brit. pl, xciii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl xl. f. 2. Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent angles or ribs extending from the base to the apex. Skin, deep yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side ; but bright deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, generally extending over the whole surface. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally lined with russet. Flesh, white, with a slight tinge of green, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. A beautiful and showy apple for culinary purposes, but not of first-rate quality ; it is in use from October to Christmas. __ The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, but not a very abundant hearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock. 175. HOLLAND PIPPIN.—Langley. IpentiFication.—Lang. Pom. 134, t. Ixxix. f. 1. Mill. Dict. Hort. Soc. Cat- ed. 3, 0.339. Lind. Guide, 51. Down. Fr. Amer. 86. SynonymMEs.—Summer Pippin, acc. Down. Pie Pippin, Ibid. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 111 roundish and flattened, with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round, narrow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a wide and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, tender, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid. A valuable apple, of first-rate quality for culinary purposes; it is in use from November to March. The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer. This is the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller, but not of Ray or Ralph Austen, who make it synonymous with the Kirton Pippin, which Ray describes as being small and oblate, and the same as is called Broad- eye in Sussex. The Holland Pippin is a native of the Holland district of Lincolnshire, hence its name. 176. HOLLOW CORE.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high; conical, irregu- lar in its outline, rib- bed, and distinctly four-sided ; at about four-fifths of itslength towards the crown it is very much con- tracted and swells out again towards the eye, altogether very much resem- bling a codlin in shape. Skin, smooth and shining, pale grass green on the shaded side, and covered with a cloud of pale red next the sun, thinly strewed with dots, which are red on the exposed, and dark green on mM the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, contracted, and plaited basin, which is surrounded with several small knobs. Stalk, green and downy, half-an-inch Jong, inserted in a narrow, close, and deep basin, which is quite smooth. Flesh, white, very tender and delicate, with a brisk, mild, and pleasant flavor. Core, very large, with open cells. oe An excellent culinary apple, with a fine perfume ; ripe in September. This variety is extensively grown in Berkshire, particularly about New- bury and Reading, whence large quantities are sent to London for the supply of Covent Garden Market. 112 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 177. HOLLOW CROWNED PIPPIN.—Hort. IpEntiFIcation.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 341. Lind. Guide, 72. Synonyme.—Hollow-eyed Pippin, Fors. Treat. 107. Fruit, medium sized ; oblato-oblong, the same width at the apex as the base, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale green, becoming yellow at maturity, with a faint blush of red where it is exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, thick, and curved, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sugary, and ‘briskly acid. An excellent culinary apple; in use from November to February. 178. HOOD’S SEEDLING.—Ronalds. IpentiFicaTion anD T'icurEe.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 5. This appears to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. The fruit is exactly the same, and not distinguishable from it. The only difference I can detect is, that the young trees are more strong and vigor- ous than that variety; but the distinction is altogether so slight, that if not really identical, they are so similar as not to require separate descriptions. 179. HORMEAD PEARMAIN.—Hort. IpEenTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, n. 545. Synonymes.— and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellowish on the shaded side; but covered with red, which is streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun; and covered with patches of russet and large russety specks. Eye, open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, an inch or more in length, inserted in a small round cavity, which is lined with scales of silvery grey russet. Flesh, yellowish - white, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary. A very excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use from January to March. The tree is hardy, a good grower, though slender in its habit; and an excellent bearer. The Scarlet Nonpareil, was first discovered growing in the garden of a publican, at Esher, in Surrey, and was first cultivated by Grimwood, of the Kensington nursery. 320. SCARLET PEARMAIN.—Hitt. IpEntIFICATION.—Hitt Treat. 296. Fors. Treat. 93. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 558. Lind. Guide, 33. Down. Fr. Amer. 96. Rog. Fr. Cult. 72. Synonymns.—Bell’s Scarlet Pearmain, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 15. Bell’s Scarlet, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. i. 767. Oxford Peach Apple, Ibid. 741. Englische Scharlachrothe Parmine. Diel Kernobst. x. 111. Figures.—Pom. Mag. t. 62. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. f. 2. N 2 180 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; conical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, tender and shining, of a rich, deep, bright crimson, on the side next the sun; but of a paler color, intermixed with a tinge of yellow, on the shaded side ; and the whole surface sprinkled with russety dots. Eye, half open, with long broad segments, set in a round, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, deeply inserted in a round, even, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally russety at the insertion of the stalk. Flesh, yellowish, with a tinge of red under the skin; tender, juicy, sugary, and vinous. A beautiful, and handsome dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from October to January. The tree is a free and vigorous grower, attaining about the middle size; and is an excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock, on which it forms a good dwarf or espalier tree. The variety called Hood’s Seedling, seems to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. 821. SCARLET TIFFING.—H. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, inclining to oblate, and irregularly angular. Skin, pale yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side, and round the eye; but deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, extending in general over the greater portion of the fruit. Eye, small and closed, set in an irregular, ribbed, and warted basin. Stalk, fleshy, about half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, very tender, crisp, Juicy, and pleasantly acid. A valuable and excellent culinary apple, much grown in the orchard districts about Lancaster. It is in use during November and December. 3822. SCOTCH BRIDGET.—H. _ Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the apex, where it is rather knobbed, caused by the terminations of the angles on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, on the shaded side, and almost entirely covered with bright deep red on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, set in an angular and warted basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, straight, thick, and stout, inserted In a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, soft, juicy, and briskly flavored. An excellent culinary apple, much grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster; in use from October to January. 323. SCREVETON GOLDEN PIPPIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. iv. 218. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 288. Fruit, larger than the old Golden Pippin, and little, if at all, inferior to it in flavor. Skin, yellowish, considerably marked with russet. Flesh, yellow, and more tender than the old Golden Pippin. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 181 A dessert apple of first-rate quality; raised in the garden of Sir John Thoroton, Bart., at Screveton, in Nottinghamshire, about the year 1808. It is in use from December to April. 824, SEEK-NO-FARTHER.—Ronalds. Ibentirication & Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 45. pl. xxiii. f. 3. Fruit, medium sized; conical, or pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish- green, streaked with broken patches of crim~ son, on the shaded side; and strewed with grey russety dots; but covered with light red, which is marked with crimson streaks, and covered with patches of fine delicate russet, and numerous large, square, and stelloid russety specks like scales, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with broad, flat, segments, the edges of which fit neatly to each other, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep, round, and regular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, oe juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous, charged with a pleasant aromatic avor. An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is in use from November to January. This is the true old Seek-no-farther. 3825. SELWOOD’S REINETTE.—Rog. Ipentirication.—Rog. Fr. Cult. 103. Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about two inches and a half high ; round and flattened, angular on the sides, and with five prominent plaits round the eye, which is small, open, and not at all depressed, but rather elevated on the surface. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered with red, which is marked with broken stripes of darker red, those on the shaded side being paler, and not so numerous as on the side exposed to the sun. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, very stout, and inserted the whole of its length in a russety cavity. Flesh, greenish- white, tender, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. 1h a5 A culinary apple, of good, but not first-rate, quality. It is in use from December to March. 182 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The tree is a strong and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer. This is certainly a different variety from the Selwood’s Reinette of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, which is described as being small, pearmain-shaped, greenish-yellow, and a dessert apple. It is however, identical with the Selwood’s Reinette of Rogers, who, as we are informed, in his “ Fruit Cultivator,” received it upwards of sixty years ago from Messrs. Hewitt and Co., of Brompton. The tree now in my possession, I procured as a graft from the private garden of the late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith ; and as it has proved to be the same as Rogers’s variety, I am induced to think that it is correct, while that of the Horticultural Society is wrong. It was raised by a person of the name of Selwood, of Lancaster. 3826. SHAKESPERE.—M. IpEnTiFIcaTion & Fieure.—Maund Fruit. pl. 71. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, dark green on the shaded side, and brownish-red on the side next the sun, which is marked with a few broken stripes of darker red; the whole strewed with russety dots. Eye, small, and partially open, set in a narrow and irregular basin, which is ridged round the margin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, greenish- yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk vinous flavor. An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality. In use from Christmas to April. This variety was raised by Thomas Hunt, Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, from the seed of Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester, and named in honor of the poet Shakespere. 827. SHEEP’S NOSE.—Hort. Synonyrmes.—Bullock’s Pippin, Core View, 125. Long Tom, Jbid. Fruit, large, about three inches and a half long, and about three inches wide ; conical, narrowing gradually to the crown, which is con- siderably higher on one side than the other ; generally with ten ribs on the sides. Skin, smooth, yellow, and strewed with a few russety dots. Eye, small, set in a deep, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep round, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, and sweet. A very good variety for culinary purposes; but chiefly used as a cider apple in Somersetshire, where it is much grown for that purpose. 328. SHEPHERD’S FAME.—Hort. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; obtuse-ovate, broad and flattencd at the base narrowing towards the eye, with five prominent ribs on the sides, and in every respect, very much resembling a small specimen of Emperor Alexander. Skin, smooth, pale straw-yellow, marked with faint broken patches of THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 183 crimson, on the shaded side; but streaked with yellow and bright crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short, stunted segments, placed in a deep, angular,and plaited basin. Stalk, short, imbedded in a round, funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish, soft, and tender, transparent, sweet, and briskly flavored, but rather dry. An apple of very ordinary quality, in use from October to March. 3829. SIBERIAN BITTER SWEET.—Knuight. IpentiFicaTion.—Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Down. Fr. Amer. 146. Fruit, small, and nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. The fruit grows a good deal in clusters, on slender wing branches. Specific gravity of the juice, 1091. This remarkable apple was raised by Mr. Knight from the seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Harvey. I cannot do better than transcribe from the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society, Mr. Knight’s own account of this apple. ‘‘The fruit contains much saccharine matter, with scarcely any perceptible acid; and it in consequence affords a cider, which is perfectly free from the harshness which in that liquid offends the palate of many, and the constitution of more; and I believe that there is not any county in England in which it might not be made to afford, at a moderate price, a very wholesome and very palatable cider. This fruit differs from all others of its species with which Iam acquainted, in being always sweet, and without acidity, even when it is more than half grown. “ When the juice is pressed from ripe, and somewhat mellow fruit, it contains a very large portion of saccharine matter; and if a part of the water it contains be made to evaporate in a moderately low temperature, it affords a large quantity of a jelly of intense sweetness, which to my palate is extremely agreeable ; and which may be employed for purposes similiar to those to which the inspissated juice of the grape is applied in France. The jelly of the apple prepared in the manner above described, is, I believe, capable of being kept unchanged during a very long period in any climate ; the mucilage being preserved by the antiseptic powers of the saccharine matter, and that being incapable of acquiring, as sugar does, a state of crystallization. If the juice be properly filtered, the jelly will be perfectly transparent.” The tree is a strong and vigorous grower; a most abundant bearer, and a perfect dreadnought to the woolly aphis. 330. SIBERIAN HARVEY.—Knight. Ipentirication.—Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 777. Fruit, produced in clusters, small; nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright 184. BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. Juice very sweet. Ripe in October. Specific gravity of the juice, 1091. Z A cider apple raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and, along with the Foxley, considered by him superior to any other varieties in cultivation. It was produced from a seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, fertilized with the pollen of the Golden Harvey, the juice of this variety is most in- tensely sweet, and is probably, very nearly what that of the Golden Harvey would be in a southern climate, the original tree produced its blossoms in the year 1807, when it first obtained the annual premium of the Herefordshire Agricultural Society. 331. SIELY’S MIGNONNE.—Lind. IprentiFicaTion.—Lind. Guide, 98. Synonymze.—Pride of the Ditches, ace. Lind. Guide. Fruit, rather small, about one inch and three quarters deep, and the same in diameter; almost globular, but occasionally flattened on one side. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, placed somewhat deeply in a rather irregularly formed narrow basin, surrounded by a few small plaits. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, about one half within the base, in a narrow cavity, and occasionally pressed towards one side by a protuberance on the opposite one. Skin, when clear, of a bright yellow, but mostly covered with a grey netted russet, rendering the skin scabrous. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and tender. Juice, saccharine, highly aromatic, and of a most excellent flavor. A dessert apple, in use from November to February. This neat and very valuable little apple, was introduced to notice about the beginning of the present century, by the late Mr. Andrew Siely, of Norwich, who had it growing in his garden on the Castle Ditches, and being a favorite with him he always called it the “Pride of the Ditches.” The tree is a weak grower and somewhat tender. It is therefore advisable to graft it on the doucin stock, and train it either as a dwarf or as an espalier in a garden.—Lindley. 332. SIR WILLIAM GIBBON’S.—Hort. _ Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high ; calville-shaped, being roundish-oblate, with several promi- nent angles, which extend from the base to the apex, where they terminate in five or six large unequal knobs. Skin, deep yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded side; but deep crimson, streaked with dark red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with short ragged segments, set in a deep, wide, and irregular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, and slightly acid, with a pleasant vinous flavor. A very showy and excellent culinary apple, in use from November to January. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 185 333. SLEEPING BEAUTY.—H. SyrnonymEs —Winter Sleeping Beauty. Sleeper. Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and somewhat flattened, slightly angular on the sides, and undulating round the eye; in some specimens there is an inclination to an ovate, or conical shape, in which case the apex is narrow and even. Skin, pale straw-colored, smooth and shining, occasionally washed on one side with delicate lively red, very thinly sprinkled with minute russety dots. Eye, large, somewhat resembling that of Trumpington, with broad, flat, and incurved seg- ments, which dove-tail, as it were, to each other, and set in a shallow, uneven, and plaited basin, Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, slightly fleshy, inserted in a narrow, round, and rather shallow cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with delicate pale brown russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a fine poignant and agreeably acid flavor. A most excellent, and very valuable apple for all culinary purposes ; and particularly for sauce. It is in use from November till the end of February. The tree is a most excellent bearer, and succeeds well in almost every situation. This excellent apple bears such a close resemblance to Dumelow’s Seedling, that at first sight it may be taken for that variety ; from which however, it is perfectly distinct, and may be distinguished by the want of the characteristic russet dots on the fruit, and the spots on the young wood of the tree. It is extensively cultivated in Lincolnshire, for the supply of the Boston markets. 334. SMALL STALK.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; roundish, slightly angular on the sides, and knobbed at the apex. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with atinge of orange on the side next the sun, and thickly covered with redish brown dots. Eye, small, and closed with long flat segments, and placed in an angular basin, Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and well flavored. A good apple for ordinary purposes, much grown about Lancaster. It is in use during September and October. 335. SOMERSET LASTING.—Hort. JpEnriFIcarion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 782. Figure—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xvii. f. 2. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; oblate, irregular on the sides, and with undulating ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow, streaked, and dotted with a little bright crimson, next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted 186 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. segments, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, very juicy, with a poignant, and somewhat harsh flavor. A culinary apple, in use from October to February. 336. SOPS IN WINE.—Park. IpentIFicaTion.—Park. Par. 588. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447. Synonymes.—Sops of Wine, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 874. Lind. Guide, 34. Down. Fr. Amer. 77. Sapson, Ken. Amer. Or. 28. Sapsonvine, ace. Kenrick. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 4. Fruit, rather above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad, and the same in height; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye, and slightly ribbed on the sides. Skin, covered with a delicate white bloom, which when rubbed off exhibits a smooth, shining, and varnished rich deep chestnut, almost approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun; but on the shaded side, it is of a light orange red, and where very much shaded quite yellow, the whole strewed with minute dots. Eye, small, half open, with long, broad, and reflexed segments, placed in a round and slightly angular hasin. Stalk, half-an- inch long, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, red, as if sopped in wine, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. A very ancient English culinary and cider apple; but perhaps more singular than useful. It is in use from October to February. The tree is vigorous and spreading, very hardy, an excellent bearer, and not subject to canker. 337. SPICE APPLE.—Diel. IpDENTIFICATION—Diel Kernobst. x. 34. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two and a quarter high; roundish, but narrowing towards the eye. Skin, deep yellow, but marked with broad streaks of crimson on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with long, broad, reflexed, downy segments, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, and perfumed. A good second-rate dessert apple, in use from November to February. This is not the Spice Apple of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, but one which was cultivated by Kirke, of Brompton, under that name and so described by Diel.— See Aromatic Russet. : 338. SPITZEMBERG.—Booth Cat. IbnriFIcaTIon AND Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. plif 5. SynonyME.—Pomegranate Pippin, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mal. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a high ; roundish, flattened at the base, eye. Skin, deep yellow, with an oran half broad, and two inches and narrowing a little towards the ge tinge on the side exposed to THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 187 the sun, and strewed with large stelloid russety specks. Eye, partially open, with long, broad, and erect segments, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a small narrow cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored. An apple of second-rate quality, in use from November to Christmas. This is the Spitzemberg of the German nurseries. 339. SPRINGROVE CODLIN.—Hort. Iventirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. i. p. 197.t.11. Lind. Guide, 7. Rog. Fr. Cult. 65. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iii. f. 4. Hort. Trans. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide at the base, and two inches and three quarters high; conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, tinged with orange on the side ex- posed to the sun. Eye, closed, with broad segments, and set in a narrow, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, sugary, brisk, and slightly perfumed. A first-rate culinary apple. It may be used for tarts, as soon as the fruit are the size of a walnut, and continues in use up to the beginning of October. It received the name of Springrove Codlin, from being first introduced by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., who resided at Springrove, near Hounslow, Middlesex. 340. SQUIRE'S GREENING.—H. Fruit, about medium size; roundish and flattened, irregular in its outline, having sometimes very prominent, unequal, and obtuse angles, on the sides, which terminate in undulations round the eye. Skin, of a fine clear grass-green color, which it retains till the spring, covered with dull brownish-red where exposed to the sun, thinly strewed all over with minute dots. Eye, small and closed, inserted in a narrow, irregular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a round, narrow, and deep cavity, which is lined with rough scaly russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm and crisp, with a brisk, somewhat sugary and pleasant flavor. A good culinary apple, and useful also as a dessert variety. It is in use from Christmas till April or May. This variety was raised on the property of Mrs. Squires, of Nigtoft, near Sleaford. 341. STEAD’S KERNEL.—Knight. IpEenriricaTion.—Pom. Heref. t. 25. Lind. Guide, 112. Fruit, a little turbinate, or top-shaped, somewhat resembling a quince. Eye, small, flat, with a short truncate or covered calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, yellow, a little reticulated with a slight greyish russet, and a few small specks intermixed. Specific gravity of the juice, 1074. 188 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. As a cider apple, this appears to possess great merit, combining a slight degree of astringency, with much sweetness. It ripens in October, and is also a good culinary apple during its season. It was raised from seed by Daniel Stead, Esq., Brierly, near Leominster, Herefordshire.— Knight & Lindley. 842. STIRZAKER’S EARLY SQUARE.—H. Fruit, below medium size; roundish, with prominent ribs which run into the eye, forming sharp ridges at the crown. Skin, of an uniform pale yellow, freckled and mottled, with very thin dingy brown russet on the shaded side, and, completely covered with the same on the side next the sun. Eye, small, half open, set in an irregular and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. An early apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster. It is ripe in August, and continues in use during September. 343. STRIPED BEEFING.—H. Syrnonymes.—Striped Beaufin. Lind. Guide, 57, Fruit, of the largest size; beautiful and handsome, roundish, and somewhat depressed. Skin, bright lively green, almost entirely covered with broken streaks, and patches of fine deep red, and thick] with russety dots; in some specimens the color extends since: ce round the fruit. Eye, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, large and se 2 THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 189 with short erect ragged segments, set in a deep, irregular, and angular basin. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid. One of the handsomest and best culinary apples in cultivation; for baking it is unrivalled. It is in use from October till May. The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer. This noble apple was introduced by Mr. George Lindley, who found it growing in 1794, in the garden of William Crowe, Esq., at Lakenham near Norwich. He measured a specimen of the fruit, and found it twelve inches and a half in circumference, and weighing twelve ounces and a half, avoirdupoise. It does not seem ever to have been in general cultivation, as it is not mentioned in any of the nursery catalogues ; nor is it enumerated in that of the London Horticultural Society. Through the kindness of George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough Terrace, Kensington, who procured it from his residence in Norfolk, I had the good fortune in 1847, to obtain grafts, which when propagated, I distributed through several of the principal nurseries of the country, and by this means I trust, it will become more generally known, and universally cultivated. 344. STRIPED MONSTROUS REINETTE.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 37. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxvi. f. 1. Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad, and three inches high; roundish, and a little flattened, irregular in its outline, having promi- nent angles on the sides, which extend from the base to the apex. Skin, smooth, of a deep yellow-ground color, which is almost entirely covered with pale red, and streaked with broad stripes of dark crimson. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, set“in a narrow, angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, deeply inserted in a round, and russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. A culinary apple of second-rate quality. It is in use during Novem- ber and December. 345. STURMER PIPPIN.—Hort. Ipenrirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 808. Down, Fr. Amer, 135. Gard. Chron. 1847, 135. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, by one inch and three quarters high; roundish, and somewhat flattened, and narrowing towards the apex, a good deal resembling the old Non- pariel. Skin, of a lively green color, changing to yellowish-green, as it attains maturity, and almost entirely covered with brown russet, with a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, and closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, straight, inserted in a round, even, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a brisk and rich sugary flavor. : et This is perhaps the most valuable dessert apple of its season, it is of first-rate excellence ; and exceedingly desirable both on account of 190 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. its delicious flavor, and arriving at perfection, at a period when the other favorite varieties are ast. It is not fit for use till the Ribston Pippin is nearly gone, and continues long after the Nonpariel. The period of its perfection may be fixed from February to June. The Sturmer Pippin, was raised by Mr. Dillistone, a nurseryman at Sturmer, near Haverhill, in Suffolk, and was obtained by im- pregnating the Ribston Pippin, with the pollen of the Nonpareil. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer, and attains about the middle size. 346. SUGAR AND BRANDY.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad at the bulge, and the same in height; conical, and angular, with a very prominent rib on one side, forming a high ridge at the apex, terminated at the apex, by a number of knobs which are the continuations of the costal angles. Skin, deep duil yellow, freckled with pale red on the shaded side, the remaining portion entirely covered with bright orange- red. Eye, small and closed, set in a deep and furrowed basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, deep yellow, spongy, juicy, very sweet, so much “so, as to be sickly. An apple grown about Lancashire, in use during the end of August and September. 347. SUGAR-LOAF PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 811. Lind. Guide, 10. Down. Fr. Amer. 76. Synonymes.—Hutching’s Seedling, acc. Pom. Mag. Dolgoi Squoznoi, in Russia, ace. Pom. Mag. Ficure.—Pom. Mag. t. 3. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high; oblong. Skin, clear pale yellow, becoming nearly white, when fully ripe. Eye, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep and regular cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. An excellent early culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in the beginning of August, but in a few days becomes mealy. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 191 This variety was introduced from St. Petersburg, by the London Horticultural Society. 348. SUMMER BROAD-END.—H. Senn eee Ranch Broadend, Lind. Guide, 24. Summer Colman, Lind. Plan. ir. 1796, Fruit, above the middle size, about two inches and three quarters in diameter, and two inches and a quarter deep; slightly angular on the sides. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, in a rather narrow basin, surrounded by some angular plaits. Stalk, short, slender, deeply inserted, not protruding beyond the base. Skin, dull yellowish-green, tinged on the sunny side, with pale dull brown. Flesh, greenish-white, not crisp. Juice, sub-acid, with a pretty good flavor. A culinary apple in use in October and November. This is an useful Norfolk apple, and known in the markets by the above name. The trees are rather small growers, but great bearers.—Lindley. I have never seen the Summer Broad-End, and have therefore here introduced the description of Mr. Lindley, for the benefit of those under whose observation it may fall. 349. SUMMER GOLDEN PIPPIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 290. Lind. Guide, 7, Down. Fr. Amer, 77. Rog. Fr. Cult. 78. Synoyymes.—Summer Pippin, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. White Summer Pippin, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 11. Fieurrs.—Pom. Mag. t. 50. Ron. Pyr, Mal. pl. vi. f. 4. a quarter broad at the base, and two inches and a quarter high; ovate, flattened at the ends. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow, on the shaded side; but tinged with orange and brownish- red on the side next the sun, and strewed over with minute russety dots. Eye, open, set in a wide, shallow, and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, thick, a quarter of an inch long, completely im- bedded in a moderately deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, very juicy, with a rich, vinous, and sugary flavor. This is one of the most delicious summer apples, and ought to form one of every collection, however small. It is ripe in the end of August, and keeps about a fortnight. 192 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC., The tree is a small grower, and attains about the third size. It is an early and abundant bearer, and succeeds well when grafted on the doucin or paradise stock. When grown on the pomme paradis of the French, it forms a beautiful little tree, which can be successfully cultivated in pots. 850. SUMMER PEARMAIN.—Park. Ipentirication.—Park. Par, 587. Aust. Or. 54. Raii. Hist. ii, 1447. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. ed. 7, 126. Lind. Guide, 34. Rog. Fr. Cult, 72. Synonymzs.—Autumn Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 581. American Pearmain, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Gestreifte Sommerparmane. Drue Summer. Pearmain. Diel Kernobst. vi. 129. Ficures.—Pom. Mag., t.116. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 1. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide at the base, and the same high; conical, or abrupt pearmain-shaped, round at the base, and tapering towards the apex. Skin, yellow, streaked all over with large patches, and broken streaks of red, mixed with silvery russet, strewed with numerous russeiy dots, and covered with large patches of rough russet on the base. Eye, closed, half open, with long acuminate segments, placed in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, which is a permanent and distinguishing character of this apple. Flesh, deep yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, richly, and highly perfumed. An excellent apple, long cultivated, and generally regarded as one of the popular varieties of this country, it is suitable either for culinary purposes, or the dessert, and is in use during September and October. The tree is a good grower, and healthy ; of an upright habit of growth, and forms a fine standard tree of the largest size. It succeeds well grafted on the paradise stock, when it forms handsome espaliers, and open dwarfs. This is what in many nurseries is cultivated as the Royal Pearmain, but erroneously. It is one of the oldest English varieties, being mentioned by Parkinson, in 1629. 351. SUMMER STRAWBERRY. Fruit, rather below medium size, two and a half inches broad, and an inch and three quarters high; oblate, even and regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, striped all over with yellow, and blood-red Stripes, except on any portion that is shaded, and there it is red. Eye, prominent, not at all depressed, closed with long flat segments, and surrounded with prominent pliits. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a round, narrow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tinged with yellow, soft, tender, juicy, brisk and pleasantly flavored. A dessert apple, ripe in September, but when kept long becomes dry and mealy. It is much cultivated in all the Lancashire ond northern orchards of England. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 193 352. SURREY FLAT-CAP.—H. Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a quarter high; oblate, even and regularly formed. Skin, of a pale bluish-green, or verdigris color, changing as it ripens to a yellowish tinge, and marked with dots and flakes of rough veiny russet, on the shaded side; but deep red, which is almost obscured with rough veiny russet on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad seg- ments, reflexed at the tips, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, not very juicy, but rich and sugary. A very excellent dessert apple, remarkable for its singular color, but is rather void of acidity. It is in use from October to January. 353. SWEENY NONPAREIL.—Hort. IpEntiFIcaTIoN.—Hort. Trans. vol. iv. 526. Lind. Guide, 99. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 484, Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches high; very similar in form to the old Nonpariel. Skin, of a fine lively green color, which is glossy and shining, but almost entirely covered with patches, and reticulations of thick greyish-brown russet, which in some parts is rough and cracked ; sometimes tinged with brown where exposed to the sun. Eye, very small, half open, with short, flat, ovate segments, and set in a small, narrow, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, sugary, and with a very powerful yet pleasant sub-acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple admirably adapted for sauce; but too acid for the dessert. It is in use from January to April. The tree is a vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. This variety was raised in 1807, by Thomas Netherton Parker, Esq., of Sweeny, in Shropshire, and twenty specimens of the fruit, were exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, in 1820, the aggregate weight of which, was seven pounds thirteen ounces. 354. SYKE HOUSE RUSSET.—Hooker. IpentiricaTion.—Hook. Pom. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 752. Lind. Guide, 100. Fors. Treat. 126. Rog. Fr. Cult. 106. Synonymes.—Sykehouse, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Englische Spitalsreinette, Diel Kernobst. x. 139. . Ficurzs.—Hook. Pom. Lond. t.40. Pom. Mag. t. 81. Ron. Pyr.Mal. pl. xxxviii. £43 Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, by one inch and three quarters high ; roundish-oblate. Skin, yellowish-green, but entirely covered with brown russet, strewed with silvery grey scales ; sometimes it has a brownish tinge on the side which is exposed to the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch oO 194 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. long, inserted in a shallow a ae yellowish, firm, crisp, and jui i i ry hi avor. a a ali = ae Peron One of the most excellent dessert apples; it is in use from October to February. The tree is a free grower, hardy,and an excellent bearer; it attains about the middle size, and is well adapted for growing as an espalier, when | grafted on the paradise stock. This variety originated at the village of Syke House, in Yorkshire, whence its name. Diel’s nomenclature of the Syke House Russet, affords a good example of the trans- formations the names of fruits are subject to, when translated from one language to another; he writes it Englische Spitalsreinette, which he translates Sik-House Apple, because as he supposed it received this appellation, either from the briskness of its flavor being agreeable to invalids, or from its having originated in the garden of an hospital, He says he finds it only in Kirke’s Fruit Tree Catalogue, where it is erroneously printed Syke-House ! Ray 355. TARVEY CODLIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. vii. p. 383. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 167. Lind. Guide, 83. Fruit, large and conical. Skin, dull olive-green, with an imperfect mixture of yellow on the shaded side, and yellowish-red, much spotted with broken rows of large blood-red dots, next the sun. Flesh, white and juicy, somewhat resembling the English Codlin. A good culinary apple for a northern climate, in use during November and December. This variety was raised from seed of the Manks Codlin, impregnated with the Nonpariel, by Sir. G. 8S. Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Rosshire. 356. TAUNTON GOLDEN PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentiricaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 18. Ficure.—Maund. Fruit. pl. 21. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height; oblato-cylindrical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, deep rich yellow, strewed with markings and freckles of russet on the shaded side, but covered with a cloud of red, which is marked with deeper red streaks, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, and THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 195 rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a brisk, sugary, and particularly rich vinous flavor. A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to March. The tree is hardy, healthy, and an abundant bearer, attaining about the middle size. It is well adapted for growing on the paradise stock. 357. TEN SHILLINGS—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, n, 824. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; roundish-oblate, with obtuse angles on the sides. Skin, greenish- yellow, almost entirely covered with pale brown russet; but with orange, streaked with red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, with long narrow segments, which are not convergent, set in an angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, sweet, and slightly acid. A second-rate dessert apple ; ripe in November. 358. TENTERDEN PARK.—Hort. IpentTiFicaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, n. 825. Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad, by two inches high ; roundish, inclining to ovate. Skin, smooth and glossy, as if varnished, yellowish-green where shaded, and entirely covered with deep red, which is marked with streaks of still deeper red, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, set in a rather shallow, round, and saucer-like basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, brisk, and juicy, but with no particular richness of flavor. A second-rate dessert apple, of neat and handsome appearance; in use from October to February. 359. TEUCHAT’S EGG.—Gibs. IbENtTIFICATION.—Gibs. Fr. Gard. 351. SynonymEs.—Chucket Egg, Hort. Soc. Cai. ed. 3, p. 10. Summer Teuchat Egg, Leslie § Anders. Cat. Fruit, below medium size, varying in shape from ovate to conical, and irregularly ribbed on the sides. Skin, pale yellow, washed with pale red, and streaked with deep and lively red. Eye, partially closed, with long, broad segments, placed in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a close shallow cavity, with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. A second-rate dessert apple, peculiar to the Scotch orchards of Clydesdale and Ayrshire ; ripe in September. Teuchat signifies, the Pee-wit or Lapwing. 0 2 196 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 360. TOKER’S INCOMPARABLE. Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and three quarters high, in shape, very much resembling the Gooseberry Apple; ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and with five prominent ribs on the sides which render it distinctly five-sided. Skin, smooth and shining, of a beautiful dark green, which assumes a yellowish tinge as it ripens; and with a slight trace of red, marked with a few crimson streaks, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and nearly closed, with broad flat segments, set in a saucer-like basin, which is surrounded with knobs, formed by the termination of the ribs. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with a little rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, and marrow-like, with a brisk and pleasant acid. A first-rate culinary apple, grown in the Kentish orchards, about Sittingbourne and Faversham; in use from November to Christmas. 361. TOWER OF GLAMMIS.—Hort. IpEntiFIcaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 835. Leslie & Anders. Cat. 43. Caled Hort. Soc. Mem. vol. iv. 474. Syyonymes.—Glammis Castle, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Late Carse of Gowrie, Ibid. pai _ Gowrie, Culed. Hort. Soc. Mem, vol. i.325. The Gowrie, in Clydesdale ‘chards. Fruit, large ; conical, and distinctly four-sided, with four prominent angles, extending from the base to the apex, where they terminate in four corresponding ridges. Skin, deep sulphur-yellow, tinged in some THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 197 spots with green, and thinly strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, closed, with broad ragged segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, and only just protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, very juicy, crisp, brisk, and pertumed. A first-rate culinary apple, peculiar to the orchards of Clydesdale, and the Carse of Gowrie; it is in use from November to February. The tree is an excellent bearer. 3862. TRANSPARENT CODLIN.—Lind. IDENTIFICATION.—Lind. Guide, 85. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 169. Fruit, large and conical. Skin, smooth, clear yellow, tinged with pale crimson, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep, round, and wide cavity. Flesh, tender, almost transparent, juicy, sugary, and well flavored. A culinary apple, in use from September to November. 363. TRUMPETER.—H. Synonyme.—Treadle-Hole, in Lancaster. Fruit, large, two inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high ; oblong, irregularly shaped, angular on the sides, and prominently ribbed round the eye. Skin, pale green, with a tinge of yellow on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, closed, and set in a deep and angular basin, surrounded with four or five prominent knobs. Stalk, about five-eights of an inch long, slender for the size of the fruit, and inserted in a deep irregular cavity, which is lined with rough cracked russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, very juicy, and sweet, with a brisk and pleasant sub-acid flavor. A very excellent apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes, much esteemed in the orchards about Lancaster; it is in use from October to January. 364. TRUMPINGTON.—Hort. IpentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. Synonymrs.—Delware, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 75. Eve, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxviii. f. 2. Fruit, small, two inches and three-eights wide, and one inch and five-eights high ; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, of a fine deep golden-yellow, tinged and mottled with pale red on the shaded side ; but of a fine bright red, which extends over the greater part, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a wide and somewhat undulating basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide,and deep cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with russet. Flesh, white, firm, and pleasantly flavored. we. 198 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. A pretty dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from September to Christmas. 865. TULIP.—Hort. IpentiricatTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 841. Synonymers.—Tulp, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Tulpen, Jbid. Dutch Tulip, Ron. Cat. Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half at the widest part, and two inches and a half high; ovato-conical, regularly and handsomely shaped, ridged round the eye. Skin, fine deep purple, extending over the whole surface of the fruit, except on any part which may be shaded, and then it is yellow. Eye, open, with short, ovate segments, set in a furrowed and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an- inch long, straight and slender, inserted in a deep, and rather angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and slightly sub- acid. A beautiful and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality ; in use from November to April. : 366. TURK’S CAP.—Hort. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, by two inches and a half high; roundish, and very much flattened, or oblate; irregularly and prominently ribbed. Skin, smooth, fine deep golden-yellow, covered with grey dots, and a few ramifications of russet, and with a brownish- red tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, placed in a deep, wide, and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in an angular cavity, which is lined with thick scaly russet, extending over the margin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant sub- acid, but slightly astringent flavor. An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and also for the manufacture of cider ; it is in use from November to Christmas. 3867. UELLNER’S GOLD REINETTE.—Diel. IprentiFiIcaTion.—Diel. Kernobst. ii. B. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 696. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and an eighth high; oval. Skin, of a fine clear lemon-yellow, sprinkled with a little russet on the shaded side; but entirely covered on the side next the sun, with beautiful vermilion, which is strewed with cinnamon-colored russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a rather wide, round, even, and moderately deep basin. Stalk, slender, half-an- inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, and with a fine aromatic flavor. A most delicious dessert apple, of the very first quality ; “ small, but handsome and rich.” It is in use from January till May. The tree is a free and excellent grower, and a great bearer. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 199 368. VALE MASCAL PEARMAIN.—Hort. IpEentiFicaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 561. Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, by two inches high ; ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side; but bright red next the sun, and covered with spots of russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a round, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an-inch long, inserted in wid and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, sugary, and richly avored. 3869. VEINY PIPPIN.—Hort. IpEntTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three quarters high; roundish-oblate. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with veins, and reticulations of russet. Eye, open, set in a round and deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and slightly russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, but wanting both sugar and acidity. An indifferent and worthless apple, in use from December to February. The tree is a great bearer. 370. VIOLETTE.—Duh. Ipentirication.—Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 284. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 121. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 849. Synonymes.—Grosse Pomme Noire d’Amerique, Cal. Traité. iii. 44. Violette de Quatres Gotts, Cours. Comp. d’Agric. xii. 220. Violet Apple, West. Bot. iv. 39. Red Calville, of some, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. but erroneously. Black Apple, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mal. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xx. f. 2. Fruit, above medium size; roundish-ovate, or conical, even and regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, covered with a fine violet- colored bloom, and yellow, striped with red, on the shaded side; but of a dark red, approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, tinged with red under the skin, which is filled with red juice, leaving a stain on the knife with which it is cut; firm, juicy, and sugary, with a vinous and pleasant flavor. A culinary apple of good, but not first-rate quality; in use from October to March. Duhamel, and following him, almost all the French writers on pomology, attribute the name of this apple to the perfume of violets being found in the flavor of the fruit ; a peculiarity I could never detect. It is more probable it originated from the fruit being covered with a beautiful blue violet bloom, a characteristic which was observed by Rivinius and Moulin, a hundred and fifty years ago. 200 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 871. WADHURST PIPPIN.—Hort. IpEenTIFICATIoN.—Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. Fruit, above medium size, sometimes very large, but generally averaging three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; conical, or pearmain-shaped, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; and more or less mottled with brownish- red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute grey dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Staik, a quarter of an inch long, stout, placed in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and briskly flavored. A culinary apple of excellent quality; in use from October to February. It originated at Wadhurst in Sussex. 3872. WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING.—Hort. InentiFrcation.—Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 853. Lind. Guide, 24. é Fruit, large; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, assuming a deeper tinge as it attains maturity, with a faint blush of red where exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored, and when cooked assumes a clear pale amber. A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from September to Christmas. This apple was raised about the year 1810, by Mr. John Barnard, of Waltham Abbey, in Essex, and was introduced by him at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society, in 1821. 373. WANSTALL.—H. Syyonyme.—Green-street Apple. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye, with five prominent angles on the sides, which terminate in ridges round the apex, rendering the shape distinctly five-sided. Skin, deep golden- yellow on the shaded side; but red, which is striped and mottled with darker red, on the side next the sun; marked with patches and veins of thin grey russet, and strewed all over with russety dots. Eye, half open, with broad, flat segments, set in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. A dessert apple of the very first quality ; equal in flavor to the Ribston Pippin, and will keep till May and June. This variety was raised at Green-street, near Sittingbourne, in Kent by a tailor of the name of Wanstall, about 40 years ago. : : THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES, 201 374. WARNER’S KING.—M. IbentiFication anp Fiaury.—Maund. Fruit, pl. 59. Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half high ; ovate. Skin, of an uniform clear deep yellow, strewed with russety dots and patches of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a narrow, deep, and slightly angular basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with thin yellowish-brown russet. oe white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sub-acid avor. S eulinaey apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to arch. The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer ; very hardy, and not subject to disease. 375. WATSON’S DUMPLING.—Hort. IpEentiFicaTion.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 856. Down. Fr. Amer. 142. Fruit, large; roundish, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth, yellowish- green, and striped with dull red. Eye, large, not deeply ‘sunk. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and rather deep cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to February. 876. WEST GRINSTEAD PIPPIN.—Hort. IpentiFicaTiox.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 858. Synonrme & Fieure.—East Grinstead, Jton. Pyr. Mal. 53, pl. xxvii. f. lL. Fruit, medium sized; two inches and three quarters broad, by two inches and a half high; roundish, and slightly ribbed about the eye. Skin, light green, striped and mottled with light red on the side next the sun; and strewed all over with greyish-white dots, on the exposed, and brown dots on the shaded side. Eye, open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid. A good second-rate apple for the dessert: in use from November to April, and keeps well without shrivelling. 3877. WHEELER’S RUSSET.—Langley. IpentiFication.—Lang. Pom. 134. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 129. Lind. Guide, 100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 753. Diel Kernobst. xi. 109. Rog. Fr. Cult. 107. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish-oblate, and somewhat irregular in its outline. Skin, entirely covered with pale yellowish-grey russet ; with redish-brown where exposed to the sun, strewed with russety 202 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. freckles. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, set in a wide, and undulated basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, inserted in a round, narrow, and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, juicy, brisk, and sugary, with a rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor. A valuable, and highly flavored dessert apple of the first quality; it isin use from November to April; and as Mr. Lindley says, when ripened, and begins to shrivel, it is one of the best russets of its season. The tree isa free grower, healthy, and hardy, but does not attain above the middle size. It is generally a good bearer, and succeeds well in almost any soil, provided it be not too moist. This apple was raised by James Wheeler, the founder of the Gloucester nursery, now in the occupation of his grandson, Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler. He was an intelligent and assiduous man in his profession, and published in 1763, “The Botanist’s and Gardener’s New Dictionary.” He died about the beginning of the present century, having attained over ninety years of age. 3878. WHEELER'S EXTREME.—Forsyth. IpEnTIFICATION.—Fors. Treat. 129. Fruit, small, nearly two inches wide, and one inch and a quarter high; oblate, much resembling the Api in shape. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, considerably marked with russet, particularly round the eye ; and covered with fine clear red, which is mottled with deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a small, shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, sweet, and delicately perfumed. A pretty little dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; it is in use from November to February. This, as well as the preceding, was raised by James Wheeler, of Gloucester. The original tree is still existing in the nursery of his grandson, to whom I am much indebted for several pomological favors. The name of “Extreme,” is supposed to have been applied to this variety, from the circumstance of producing its fruit on the extremities of the last year’s shoots. 379. WHITE ASTRACHAN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 18. Lind. Guide, 7. Down. Fr. Amer, 78. Synonymes.—Pyrus Astracanica, Dec. Prod. ii. 635. Pomme d’Astrachan, Schab. Prat. ii. 90. _ Pomme de Glace, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 307. Transparent Apple, Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 128. Russian Transparent, Ron. Pyr. Mal.75. Russian Ice Apple, Will. Dom. Encye. iv. p. 179. Muscovite Transparent Apple, West. Bot. iv.141. Glace de Zélande, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1.366. Astracanischer Sommerapfel, Diel. Kernobst, vi. 77. Ficures.— Pom. Mag. t. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 8, & pl. xxxviii. f. 3. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and nearly the same in height ; roundish-ovate, or rather conical, flattened at the base, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend and become more promi- nent and rib-like round the eye. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with a few THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 203 faint streaks of red next the sun, and covered with a delicate white bloom. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, thick and short, inserted in a small and very shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, semi-transparent, with somewhat gelatinous-like blotches, tender, juicy, with a pleasant and refreshing flavor. A dessert apple but not of first-rate quality ; ripe in August, and the early part of September. The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. The Transparent Apple of Rogers, and the Muscovy Apple of Mortimer, cannot be identical with this variety, for they are described by both as winter apples; may they not be the Russischer Glasapfel, or Astracanischer Winterapfel of Diel? Respecting this apple, a correspondent in the Gardener’s Chronicle, for 1845, has the follow- ing remark, “ When at Reval many years ago, I made particular in- quiries as to the mode of cultivation of the Transparent Apple; I learned that the soil of the apple orchards there, is almost a pure sand, but that it is customary to add to it so much stable manure, that half the bulk of ground may be said to consist of manure. The friend with whom I was staying, had some of these apples at dessert ; they were transparent, not in blotches, but throughout, so that held to the light, the pips may be seen from every part; these apples were juicy as a peach, about the size of a large one, and of a very agreeable flavor and texture.” 380. WHITE PARADISE.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 520. _—Lady’s Finger, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1.533, Long May, Ibid. 565. Oe ae. Tbid. "Tee, Tos Cat. Eve, Ron. Pyr. Mal. 4. Paradise Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Fieure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 5. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high; oblong, broader at the base than the apex. Skin, smooth, thick and tough, of a fine rich yellow, thinly and faintly freckled with red on the shaded side, but covered with broken streaks and dots of darker red, interspersed with dark brown russety dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, fleshy at 204 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC. the insertion, and inserted in an even, round, cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored. : A second-rate, but beautiful and handsome dessert apple; in perfec- tion the beginning of October, but towards the end of the month, becomes dry and mealy. It is, I believe, a Scotch apple, and much grown in some districts, particularly in Clydesdale, where it is known by the name of Egg Apple, and where the fruit lasts longer, than when grown in the warmer climate of the South. The Lady’s Finger of Dittrich, vol. i. p. 505, is a flat apple of a Calville shape, and must be incorrect. 381. WHITE VIRGIN.—H. Syyonrme.—Scotch Virgin. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches high; oblate. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow, on the shaded size; but thin orange red, streaked with deep red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with dark dots and a few veins of russet. Eye, large and closed, with broad ovate segments, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid. An excellent culinary apple ; in use from October to February. 382. WHITE WESTLING.—H. Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half broad at the middle, and two inches and a half high; roundish, inclining to oval, towards the eye ; angular on the sides, and ribbed round the apex. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with redish-brown dots on the shaded side ; but deep yellow, with large dark-crimson spots, on the side next the sun, and covered with russet over the base. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, very slender, inserted in a deep, narrow, and russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, sweet, and briskly flavored. An apple of hardly second-rate quality, grown about the north-eastern parts of Sussex; it is in use from October to Christmas. 383. WHITE WINE.—H. Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad in the middle, and two inches and a half high; narrowing towards the apex, conical, slightly angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye. Skin, greenish- yellow, strewed with russety dots on the shaded side; but deep yellow, reticulated with fine russet, and dotted with small russety specks on the side exposed to the sun, and with a ray of fine lilac-purple on the base encircling the stalk. Eye, open, with long acute segments, sct in a deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, five-eights of an inch long, downy, thick and fleshy, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and pleasantly acid. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 205 A culinary apple much grown in the Tweedside orchards, where it is known by the name of the Mine Apple; it is in use from October to Christmas. 3884. WHITMORE PIPPIN.—Forsyth. IpEnTiFicaTion.—Fors. Treat. 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 861. Lind. Guide, 84. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the base, and the same in height, but narrowing towards the apex; conical, and obtusely angled on the sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the shade ; but with a beautiful red cheek next the sun, and very sparingly strewed with a few minute dots. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and even cavity. Flesh, white, tinged with green, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and slightly sweet. A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from November to April. 885. WHORLE PIPPIN.—H. SynonymMes.—Summer Thorle, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 830. Watson’s New Nonesuch, acc. Ibid. Thorle Pippin, Leslie & Anders, Cat. Thoral Pippin, acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal. Fienre.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 3. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the middle, and an inch and three quarters high; oblate, handsome, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth, shining, and glossy, almost entirely covered with fine bright crimson, which is marked with broken streaks of darker crimson ; but on any portion which is shaded, it is of a fine clear yellow, a little streaked with pale crimson. Eye, scarcely at all depressed, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, which frequently appear as if rent from each other by an over-swelling of the fruit; and set in a very shallow basin, which is often very russety, and deeply and coarsely cracked. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, refreshing, and pleasant flavor. A beautiful little summer dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; ripe in August. In the south it is but little known, but in Scotland it is to be met with in almost every garden and orchard. ; In all probability the word Thorle is a corruption of Whorle, which is no doubt the correct name of this apple. The name is supposed to be derived from its resemblance to the whorle, which was the propell- ing power, or rather impetus of the spindle, when the distaff and spindle was so much in use. 386. WICKHAM’S PEARMAIN.—H. SynonymEs.—Wick Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 31. Fruit, small, two inches wide, and about two inches high ; pearmain- shaped, and quite flat at the base. Skin, yellow, tinged and dotted with 206 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. red on the shaded side; but bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with patches and specks of russet round the eye. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, reflexed, and set in a round, even, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, fleshy, inserted with- out any depression. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, Juicy, sugary, and highly flavored. An excellent dessert apple; in use from October to December. It was raised by a Mr. Wickham, of Wick, near Winchester. In the catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, it is called “ Wick Pearmain,” but as the name I have adopted is that by which it is best known in Hampshire, I prefer retaining it. 387. WINTER CODLIN.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 170. Fruit, very large, three inches and an eighth wide at the middle, and three inches and a half high; conical, generally five-sided, with prom- inent ribs on the sides, which extend to the apex, forming considerable ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green, and marked with dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and very angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, smooth, and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and sub-acid. A fine old culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ia use from September to February. The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and an excellent bearer. 388. WINTER COLMAN.—Lind. IbentiFication.—Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p.66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 875 Rog. Fr. Cult. 58. Srnonymes.—Norfolk Colman, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. i. 683. Norfolk Storing, Fors. Treat. 117. Ficures.—Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xcii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii. Fruit, above medium size ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow, mottled with red on the shaded side, but deep red on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, thick, and deeply inserted. Flesh, firm, crisp, and briskly acid. A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to April. The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, so much so, that in its young state, it is not a great bearer; but when grafted on the paradise stock, it produces abundantly. 389. WINTER GREENING.—Aber. IbentiFIcation.—Aber. Gard. Dict. Synonymes.—French Crab, Fors. Treat. 102 Easter Pippin, Lind. Guid % . : ’ . 6 45. an te ae “ 3, n. met eae Lr, Amer, 109. Caen, Bip, acc. ort. Soc. Cut. ronstone Pippin. Jbid. Youne’s Li i ie Pee ta are nug’s Long Keeping, Idd. John Ficures.—Brook. Pom. Brit., pl. xciii. f1. Ron, Pyr. Mal. pl. xlii. f. 3. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 207 Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high ; roundish, widest at the middle, and narrowing towards the crown, round which are a few small ridges. Skin, smooth and shining, of a dark lively green, strewed with minute russety dots ; and with a blush of dull red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish, very close in texture, brittle and juicy, with a very poignant and pleasant acid. A culinary apple of first-rate quality, which comes into use in November, and has been known to last under favorable circumstances, for two years. Dry sand is a good article to preserve it in. The tree is very hardy, a free and good grower, and an abundant bearer. I have not adopted here, the nomenclature of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, for two reasons. First, because Winter Greening is the previous name, and, so far as | can find, the original one. It is also very applicable, and not subject to the same objection which Mr. Lindley has to French Crab. | Second, because there is already in the Horti- cultural Society’s Catalogue, the ‘“‘ White Easter”—the “‘Paasch Appel,” of Knoop—and the two names being so similar, may tend to confusion, a result of already too frequent occurrence, and most desirable to be avoided. The name Winter Greening is also more descriptive. 390. WINTER LADING.—H. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, at the middle, and two inches and a half high; roundish, and narrowing towards the crown, irregularly formed, sometimes with one prominent angle on one side. Skin, bright green, marked with patches and dots of thin russet. Eye, closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, curved, inserted in a deep, round cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, juicy, sweet, very tender, and delicate, with a pleasant acid. An excellent sauce apple; in use from October to Christmas. It is grown in the north-eastern parts of Sussex, about Heathfield. 391. WINTER MAJETIN.—Lind. Ipentiricarion.—Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 876. Lind. Guide, 58. Fruit, medium sized; roundish-ovate, with ribs round the crown. Skin, smooth, dark green, covered with thin dull brownish-red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a deep basin, which is much furrowed and plaited. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. A first-rate culinary apple, bearing a considerable resemblance to the London Pippin, but does not change to yellow color by keeping as that variety does. It is in use from January to May. os This variety is, strictly speaking, a Norfolk apple, where it is much grown for the local markets. It was first made public by Mr. George 208 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Lindley, who introduced it to the notice of the London Horticultural Society. In the “Guide to the Orchard,” it is stated that the Aphis Lanigera or ‘‘ Meally Bug,” so destructive to most of our old orchard trees, seems to be set at defiance by the Majetin. ‘An old tree now growing in a garden belonging to Mr. William Youngman, of Norwich, which had been grafted about three feet high in the stem, has been for many years attacked by this insect below the grafted part, but never above it; the limbs and branches being to this day perfectly free, although all the other trees in the same garden have been infested more or less with it.” The tree is a most abundant bearer. 392. WINTER PEARMAIN.—Ger. Ibentirication.—Ger. Herb. Aust. Treat. 54. Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Lang Pom. 134. t. Ixxviii. f. 4. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 356. Fors. Treat. 130. Lind. Guide, 84. Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 3, u. 563. Rog. Fr. Cult, 76. SynonyMEs.—Great Pearmaine, Park. Par. 587. Pearmain. Evelyn Pom. 65. Peare-maine, Husb. Fr. Orch. Old Pearmain, Pom. Heref.t.29. Parmain d’Hiver, Knoop. Pom. 64. t. xi. Pepin Parmain d’Hiver, did. 131. Pepin Parmain @’ Angleterre, Ibid. Grauwe of Blanke Pepping Van Der Laan, Ibid. Peremenes Ibid. Zeeuwsche Pepping, Ibid. Duck’s Bill, in some parts of Sussex. Drué Permein d’Angleterre, Quint. Inst. 202. Ficures.—Pom. Heref. t. 29. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 2. Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and about the same in height ; of a true pearmain shape, somewhat five sided towards the crown. Skin, smooth and shining, at first of a greenish-yellow, marked THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 209 with faint streaks of dull red on the shaded side, and entirely covered with deep red on the side next the sun; but changes by keeping to fine deep yellow, streaked with flesh color on the shaded side; tut of a beautiful, clear, deep red or crimson, on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, large and open, with short segments, set in a pretty deep, and prominently plaited basin. Stalk, very short, not exceeding a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk, poignant, and very pleasant flavor. A highly esteemed old English apple, suitable principally for culinary purposes, but also valuable for the dessert; it is in use from December to the end of April. The tree attains about the middle size, is a free and healthy grower, and an excellent bearer. This is, I believe, the oldest existing English apple on record. It is noticed as being cultivated in Norfolk, as early as the year 1200,—what evidence against Mr. Knight’s theory! In Blomefield’s History of Norfolk, there is mention of a tenure in that county by petty serjeanty, and the payment of two hundred pearmains, and four hogsheads of cider of pearmains into the Exchequer, at the feast of St. Michael, yearly. It is the original of all the Pearmains, a name now applied to a great ‘variety of apples. Much doubt has existed as to the origin of this word, and in a communication to the Gardener’s Chronicle for 1848, I there stated what I conceived to be its meaning. ‘The early forms in which it was written, will be seen from the synonymes above, they were Pearemaine and Peare-maine. In some early historical works of the same period, I have seen Charlemagne written Charlemaine, the last portion of the word having the same termination as Pearemaine. Now, Charlemagne being derived from Carolus magnus there is every proba- bility that Pearemaine is derived from Pyrus magnus. The signification therefore of Pearmain is the Great Pear Apple, in allusion no doubt, to the varieties known by that name, bearing a resemblance to the form of a pear. 393. WINTER QUOINING. Synonymes.—Winter Queening, Rea. Pom. 212. Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. Treat. 100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 610. Winter Quinin, Nourse Camp. Fel. 146. Calvilled’Angleterre. Langer Rother Himbeerapfel, Diel Kernobst. v. 15. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a quarter wide, and rather more than two inches and a half high; conical, distinctly five-sided, with five acute angles, extending the whole length of the fruit, and terminat- ing at the crown in five equal, and prominent crowns. Skin, pale-green, almost entirely covered with red, which is striped and mottled with deeper red, and marked on the shaded side with a thin coat of russet. Eye, small, and closed, set in a narrow and angular cavity. Stalk, about half-an-inch long and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, not very juicy, sugary, rich, and perfumed. . A good old English apple, suitable cither for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in use from November to May. Fy 210 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The Winter Quoining, is a very old English apple. I have here adopted an orthography, different from that usually employed, because I conceive it to be the most correct. The name is derived from the word Coin or Quoin, the corner stones of a building, because of the angles or corners on the sides of the fruit. Thus Rea in his Pomona says, when speaking of this apple, “it succeeds incomparably on the paradise apple, as the Colviele, (Calville) and all other sorts of Queenings do,” re- garding the Calville also as a Queening from the angularity of its shape. 394. WOODCOCK.—Evelyn. Ipentirication.—Evelyn Pom. 102. Pom. Heref. t.10. Lind. Guide, 112. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112. Fruit, medium sized ; of an oval shape, tapering a little towards the crown, which is narrow. Eye, flat, with broad segments of the calyx. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thick, and fleshy, and curved inwards towards the fruit. Skin, yellow, nearly covered with a soft red, and much deeper color on the sunny side. Specific gravity of the juice, 1073.—Lindley. This is one of the oldest cider apples, and is highly commended by the writers of the seventeenth century ; but according to Mr. Knight it has long ceased to deserve the attention of the planter. It is said that the name of this apple, is derived from an imagined resem- blance in the form of the fruit, and fruit-stalk, in some instances, to the head and beak of a woodcock; but Mr. Knight thinks it probable that it was raised by a person of that name. 395. WOOLMAN’S LONG.—Coxe. IpentiFication—Coxe View, 169. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 884. Srnonymes.—Ortley, Hort. Trans. vol. vi. p. 415. Lind, Guide, 78. Van Dyne, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1128. Fruit, medium sized; oblong. Skin, clear deep yellow, on the shaded side ; but bright scarlet, on the side next the sun, sprinkled with imbedded pearly specks, and russety dots. Eye, large, set in a moderately deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a rather deep and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, brittle, juicy, with a rich, brisk, and perfumed flavor. An excellent apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or dessert use; it is in season from December to April. This is an American apple, and originated in the state of New Jersey, U. S. 396. WORMSLEY PIPPIN.—Hort. Iventirication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 885. Down. Fr, Amer. 97. Gard. Chron, 1846, 853. Rog. Fr. Cult. 80. Synonyme—Knight’s Codlin, ace. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. Si Fiegure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iv. f. 2. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 211 Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad in the middle, and three inches high ; ovate, widest at the middle, and narrowing both towards the base and the apex, with obtuse angles on the sides, which terminate at the crown in several prominent ridges. Skin, smooth, deep clear yellow, with a rich golden or orange tinge, on the side next the sun, and covered with numerous dark spots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, placed in a deep, furrowed, and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity, which is thickly lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic. A most valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it isin season during September and October. This admirable apple was raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and first brought into notice in 1811. Asaculinary apple it is not to be surpassed ; and even in the dessert, when well ripened, Mr. Knight considered it closely resembled the Newtown Pippin. The tree is hardy, healthy, a free and abundant bearer. It has been found to succeed in every latitude of these kingdoms. Even in Rosshire, the late Sir. G. S. McKenzie, found it to succeed well as an espalier. It ought to be cultivated in every garden, however small. 397. WYKEN PIPPIN.—Hort. InentiFication.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 886. Lind. Guide, 25. Rog. Fr. Cult. 93. Syvonrmes.—Warwickshire Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,39. Arley, Zbid. 18. Girkin Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Ficure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 1. Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; oblate, even and handsomely _ shaped. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow in the shade; but with a dull orange blush next the sun, and sprinkled all over with russety dots and patches of delicate russet, particularly on the base. Eye, large and open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yel.ow, tinged with green, tender, very juicy, sweet, and richly flavored. A valuable and delicious dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to April. The tree is a healthy and good grower, and an excellent bearer. This variety is said to have originated from seed saved from an apple which Lord Craven had eaten while on his travels from France to Holland, and which was planted at Wyken, about two miles from P 2 212 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Coventry. According to Mr. Lindley, the original tree, then very old, was in existence in 1827, and presented the appearance of an old trunk, with a strong sucker growing from its roots. 398. YELLOW ELLIOT.—Knight. IpEntirication.—Pom. Heref. + 17. Lind. Guide, 113. Synonymes.—Eleot, Worl. Vin. 163. Eliot, Philips Cid. Yellow Eyelet, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15. ?. Fruit, of a good size, rather more flat than long, having a few obtuse angles terminating in the crown. Eye, small, with short diverging segment of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, pale yellow, slightly shaded with orange on the sunny side. Specific gravity of the juice, 1076. The cider of this apple in a new state, is harsh and astringent, but grows soft and mellow with age, and was much esteemed by the writers of the seventeeth century. 399. YELLOW INGESTRIE.—Hort. Ipentirication.—Hort. Trans. vol. 1, p. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 359. Lind. Guide, 26. Diel Kernobst. iii. B. 43. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81. Ficgure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 4. Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters wide, and an inch and five- eights high; of a handsome cylindrical shape, flattened at both ends. Skin, smooth, of a fine clear yellow, tinged with a deeper yellow on the side next the sun, and marked with small pinky spots. Eye, small, and partially closed, set almost even with the surface; but sometimes in a wide, and shallow basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters long, set in a rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a profusion of brisk, and highly flavored vinous juice. A beautiful and delightful little dessert apple, of first-rate quality, bearing a considerable resemblance to the Golden Pippin; it is in use during September and October. The tree is large, spreading, and an excellent bearer. This and the Red Ingestrie, were raised by T. A. Knight, Esq. 400. YELLOW NEWTOWN PIPPIN.—Hort. IpENTIFICATION.—Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, u. 595. SrnonymMe.—Large Yellow Newtown Pippin, Core View. 142. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, irregular in its outline, and prominently angled on the sides. Skin, of an uniform deep straw-color, which is rather deeper and richer on the side next the sun, than on the other; and thinly covered with delicate reticulations of fine grey russet, inter- spersed with several large dark spots. Eye, large and closed, with long linear segments, set in a wide and irregular basin, from which issue THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 213 several deep russety furrows. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in an uneven and angular cavity, which is partially lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, and slightly sub-acid, but with an agreeable flavor. A first-rate dessert apple; in use from December to March, and ripens better in this climate than the Newtown Pippin. 401. YORKSHIRE GREENING.—Fors. IprntiFicaTion.—Fors. Treat. 131. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n.889. Lind. Guide, 60. Rog. Fr. Cult. 60. Synonymes.—Coates’s, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 165. Seek-no-farther, Zbid. 1032, Yorkshire Goose Sauce, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Figure.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xi. fi 2. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half high ; oblate and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, very dark green; but where exposed to the sun, tinged with dull red, which is striped with broken stripes of deeper red, very much speckled all over with rather bold grey russet specks, and over the base with traces of greyish brown russet. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, stout, and fleshy, covered with grey tomentum, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, but pleasant acidity. A first-rate culinary apple; in use from October to January 214 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. ADDITIONAL VARIETIES OF APPLES. The following is an enumeration of apples which are known to exist in Great Britain, but of the great majority of which I have no’ personal knowledge. They are either recorded in other works on pomology, or have been communicated to me by correspondents. The most of these have only a local reputation, and do not possess sufficient merit to make them attractive out of their own districts. A great number are conti- nental varieties, which have chiefly been introduced through the in- strumentality of the London Horticultural Society, in whose garden they are only to be found; and many of these are worthy of being more generally known. There are also several varieties which have come under my notice, since the preceding part of this work was published; hut of the greater part enumerated, I have had no opportunity of seeing the fruit ; the descriptions, therefore, are either from the works in which they ave recorded, or the correspondents with whom I have communicated; my object in supplying these additional varieties, being to furnish a complete record of all that are known to exist in Great Britain so far as that can be ascertained. 402. ACHMORE. A Scotch apple of medium size, and conical shape, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun; of second-rate quality as a dessert fruit, and ia season during December and January.—H. S. C. n. 2. 403. ADAM’S APPLE. A worthless variety, unless for cider; it is of medium size, oblong, dark red, and in use during December and January.—Z. S. C.n. 3. 404. ATKIN’S SEEDLING. A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or dessert fruit; the shape is roundish, the color greenish yellow; in use in November. The tree is hardy, a free bearer, and nearly allied to the Hawthornden.—Laws. Cat. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES, 215 405. ALBAN. A cider apple, of medium size, round, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun; in use from December to February.—/. S. C.n. 5. 406. ALDERSTON PIPPIN. A small early dessert apple; it is ovate, pale yellow, of second-rate quality, and ripe in August.—H. S. C. p. 4. 407. AMERICAN NONPAREIL. ‘A beautiful apple of medium size, its color yellow, streaked and stained on the sunny side with bright red; its form oblong, a good deal contracted at the summit; its stalk deeply sunken; the flesh white, firm, juicy, and good. This apple ripens in October and November. A very fine fruit, and externally resembles the Hubbardston Nonsuch.— Ken. Amer. Or. 30. 408. AMERICAN PEACH. Of medium size, and second-rate quality ; roundish, red and yellow, and ripe in September.—H. S. C. p. 4. 409. ANIS-SEED. Synonyme.—Rival Golden Pippin. A small, oblate, greenish-yellow dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; in use from October to January.—Z. S. C. p. 4. 410. ANTRIM NONPAREIL. A small dessert apple of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape; skin, striped with red; and is in use from December till March. #8. C. p. 27. 411, API PANACHE. _A small, roundish, yellow and green apple, of third-rate quality, in use from October to December. More carious than useful—H. S. C. n. 10. 412. ASHBY SEEDLING. A medium sized, roundish, yellow and red dessert apple, of second- rate quality ; in use during December and January.—H. 8. C. p. 5. 413. D’ASTMS. SynonymMeE.—Streifling d’Hiver. A noble kitchen fruit, large, and of a globular shape, a little flattened at the eye, which is deeply sunk and large; green, with some dull red 216 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC streaks, chiefly on the top of the fruit. It is a first-rate sort, firm, with rich flavor, and dresses well; will keep till March or April.— on. Pyr. Mal. 61. pl. xxxi. f. 1. ¢ 414. AUNT’S APPLE. A large kitchen fruit, of second-rate quality; it is roundish, and striped, and is in season from November till March.—ZZ. S. C. p. 3. 415. AUTUMN GOLDEN PIPPIN. Fruit, below medium size. Stalk, short. Eye, large and prominent. Skin, fine blush next the sun, deep yellow in the shade. Flesh, crisp, not very juicy, but the flavor is rich and agreeable. The tree is a strong upright grower, forming a fine second class standard. Cultivated in some parts of Kent.—Anog. Fr. Cult. 84. 416. AUTUMN REINETTE. Fruit, of middle size, rather oval, of a mottled red next the sun, and the shaded side yellow ;, pulp, crisp, and contains a fine quantity of rich juice; in use from October to February.—Rog. Fr. Cult. 102. 417. BAINS’S. Fruit, medium sized; oblate; striped; of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or dessert use, and possessing the flavor of the Ribston Pippin, but not so rich; it is in use from November to March. HT. S. C. n. 20. 418. BALDERSTOXE SEEDLING. A medium sized, second-rate, kitchen apple, of conical shape, and striped with red; it is in use during October and November.—ZJZ. S. C. p- 5. 419. BALMANNO PIPPIN. A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is roundish- ovate, green and brownish, and in use from October to December.— AZ, S. C.n. 24. 420. BATH. A large, roundish, yellow, kitchen apple, of second-rate quality; in use during November and December.—H. S. C. n. 30. 421. BAUDRONS. Tree an excellent bearer, fruit keeps well, and is of good quality, with much acid, excellent for tarts; tree middle size and healthy. This is a rare variety, and is supposed to exist only in the Gourdie Hill orchard, Carse of Gowrie.—J. C. H. S. vol. iv. 472. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 217 422, BEAT’S PIPPIN. A dessert apple of Jarge size, round, striped with red; in use from November to January.—H. S. C. n. 38. : 423. BEAUFINETTE. A small sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, and red color; in use from November to February.—Z. S. C. n. 36. 424. BELLE ANGLAISE. Synonyme.—Beauty of England. A large apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or dessert apple; it is in use from November till December. The tree bears well as a standard.—Laws. Cat. 425. BELLE HERVY. A large culinary apple of roundish shape, green color, and second- rate quality ; in use from November to March.—Z. S. C. n. 47. 426. BENLOMOND. A large, oblong, culinary fruit; of a greenish-yellow color; in use from October to December. ‘The fruit is of good quality ; tree bears steadily, has long slender twigs, is of middle size, leaves large, of un- common figure. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. M, C. H. S. vol. iv. p. 470. 427. BENWELL’S LARGE. A large, roundish, green variety, of inferior quality; in *use in December.—H. S. C. p. 6. 428. BENZLER. A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, striped with red, and in season from December to May.—H. S. C. n. 54. 429. BETLEY CODLIN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape; skin, yellow, with brownish-red towards the sun; in use from October till January.— H. 8. C. p. 153. 430. BISCHOFF’S REINETTE. A middle sized, very valuable dessert apple, it is conical or pearmain- shaped ; the skin is of a fine lemon color, without any red next the sun, but with markings of russet. Flesh, whitish-yellow, very fine, juicy, sugary, vinous, and aromatic. Ripe in November, and continues in use all the winter.—Diel Kernobst. i. B. 82. 218 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 431. BLACK ANNETTE. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or dessert use; it is of an ovate shape, dark red color, and in use from November to January.—Z. S. C. p. 5. 432. BLACK AMERICAN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of roundish shape, dark red color, and in use during November and December.— A. 8. C. n. 62. 433. BLACK BESS. An apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, and said to keep long.— M. C. H. 8. iv. 472. 434. BLACK BORSDORFFER. Synonyme.—Black Crab. A small, roundish, dark red apple, of inferior quality ; in use from November to January. It is curious on account of its color, in other respects worthless.— HZ. S. C.n. 64. 435. BLACK NONPAREIL. This is a small angular apple, with the stalk thickened like that of the Lemon Pippin. It has nothing of the character of the Nonpareil, but is a rich high flavored apple. It is only met with in the Scotch collections.— Hort. Trans. iii. 825. 436. BLAND’S ORANGE PIPPIN. Fruit, small, flattened at both ends. Stalk, short. Eye, large and deep. Color, light orange, deepening as it ripens, and varied with russet specks. ‘The pulp is crisp, very juicy, and fit for the dessert; it is in perfection during October.—Rog. Fr. Cult. 79. 437. BLOOD ROYAL. A large culinary apple of second-rate quality; it is roundish, dark red, and in use from September to November.—H. S. C. p.7. 438. BOGMILN FAVORITE. A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a round shape, and striped with red; and in use from November to January. This variety is peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and is there esteemed of excellent quality. S. C.n. 72. 439. BONNER. A Scotch apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and there esteemed a fine autumn apple, and the tree an excellent bearer.— M. C. Hi. S. iv. 474. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 219 440. BONNIE BRIDE. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and esteemed asa fruit of excellent quality; tree a good bearer, middle sized and healthy, a rare variety.—M. C. H. S. iv. 471. 441. BOOMREY. A pretty large handsome apple. of a flat shape, and deep red color; and the flesh is streaked with red. It is not fit to eat raw, but will do well for cider, or for the kitchen. It keeps till April Fors. Treat. 94. 442. BOVEY REDSTREAK. A handsome apple of flattish shape, beautifully streaked with a bright red next the eye, which is small, and of a yellow color about the foot- stalk. It keeps till the latter end of October.—Fors. Treat. 94. 443, BOWES’S NONESUCH. A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes; the shape is roundish, skin, green, and striped with red; in use during October.—H. S. C. n. 490. 444, BRAINGE. A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red; it is in use in November.—H. S. C. n. 80. 445. BOURASSA. Synonymue.—Barrossa. A medium sized conical apple, of second-rate quality ; it is russeted and red, suitable either for culinary or dessert use ; and is in season from October to December.—H. 8S. C. p. 8. 446. BRAUNE MAL. A large culinary apple of oblate shape, and brown color, and in use from December to March.—H. S. C. n. 83. 447. BRAUNSCHWEIGER MILCH. SynonymEs.—Milch Apfel, Christ Gartenb. 300. This is an extremely beautiful and valuable German apple, roundish, three inches high, and about the same wide. Its skin is as thin, clear, and tender, as the finest paper, snow-white, like wax, with several beautiful crimson stripes and dots on the sunny side; it has a very short stalk, tipens in the beginning of August, and keeps for fourteen days.— Christ Gartenb. 300. 220 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC. 448. BROWN’S SUMMER BEAUTY. Of medium size, oval shape, straw color, with a flush of unmixed red, both eye and stalk prominent; the flesh delicate, and full of richly flavored juice. This is a first-rate table apple, ripening in September. It was raised by Mr. Brown at Slough.—Fton. Pyr. Mal. 3, pl. ii. f. 2. 449. BROWNITE. A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, striped with red, and of inferior quality ; it is in use during December and January.—H. S. C. p. 8. 450. BUCKS COUNTY. SyrnonyME.—Solebury Cider. A large cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color; in use from November till March. Tree a great bearer.—H. S. C.n. 94. 451. BUCHANAN’S LONG KEEPER. Of medium size, round, and yellowish-green color, second-rate quality, and in use from January to April—H. S. C. p. 8. 452. BUFFCOAT, A cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow russeted color.— A. S.C, n. 98. 453. BURR KNOT. Synonyme.—Burr Apple. A large apple of globular form, smooth glossy surface, yellow, with a flush of faint red. ‘This is a very useful kitchen fruit in November and December, and a profuse bearer. The tree grows in a close and compact form, and seldom cankers. It is named Burr Knot from knots or joints on the shoots, which render it easy to be grown from cuttings.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 77, pl. xxxix. f. 1. 454. BURRELL’S RED. Above the medium size, of a conical shape, with wrinkles encompass- ing a small shallow eye; the stalk is deeply inserted, it is of an entire beautiful red color, approaching to scarlet. The flesh is juicy, and rich, with an agreeable acid. This is a very desirable sauce apple throughout November, December, and January. It is a robust grower, and bears well.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 83, pl. xlii. f. 1. 455. BURTON SEEDLING. Very much resembles the Manks Codlin, the flesh is tender, delicate, and of a fine flavor, and the tree a great bearer. This variety is chiefly to be met with in the neighbourhood of Nottingham.—Mid. Flor. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 221 456. BUSHAM. A culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape, yellowish-green color, and is in season from December till March.—_HZ. 8. C. p. 8. 457. CADBURY. Synonyrme.—Cadbury Pound. A small, conical, cider apple, of a pale green or yellow color, and good flavor, ripe in January, and keeps till March.—Fors. Treat. 95. 458. CALANDER. A large Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or dessert fruit; it is of a conical shape, and in use from October to December. The tree is a good bearer.—Laws. Cat. 459. CAMBUSNETHAN PIPPIN. Syrnonyrmus.—Winter Redstreak ; Watch Apple. A Scotch apple, originally from the gardens at Cambusnethan, it is rather above the middle size, round, flattened at both ends; eye, very large, in a regular wide cavity, ground color, yellow, with a profusion of red in irregular splotches; the flesh is white and melting, with a very rich saccharine juice.—Horé. Trans. iii. 25. 460. CAMPFIELD. A cider apple of medium size, oblate shape, yellow and red color; in use during December and January.—H. S. C. n. 125. 461. CAPPER’S PEARMAIN. Synonymre.—New Duck’s Bill. A large and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is pearmain-shaped, skin, striped with red; and in use from December till March. This variety is peculiar to Sussex.— A. S. C. n. 537. 462. CARNATION. This is a beautiful middle sized fruit, finely striped with red; it is ripe in January and keeps till May.—Fors. Treat. 96. 463. CARBERRY PIPPIN. This in size and shape, resembles the French Crab, and is of a deep green color. It is a good baking apple and will keep till March.— Fors. Treat. 97. 222 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 464. CARSE REDSTREAK. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, it is very beautiful, and the tree is a moderate bearer.—M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 465. CATLINE. Synonrmes.—Gregson ; Catline of Maryland. An American dessert apple of small size, oblate shape, yellow and red color, and second-rate quality ; it is in use from October to December. AL. S.C. u. 129. 466. CHATAIGNIER. A French kitchen apple of medium size, ovate shape, and striped with red. It keeps for two years, and contains a very strong acid.—H. S. C. n. 136. 467. CHAUDIERE. A small, roundish, green cider apple—H. S. C. n. 187. 468. CHRIST’S GOLD REINETTE. Synonyme.—Christ’s Deutsche Goldrcinette. Fruit, above medium size, about two inches and a half high, and about three inches broad; oblate. Skin, pale gold-yellow, with a light red cheek on the sunny side, and the greater part of the fruit covered with cinnamon colored russet. Eye, set in a shallow and wide basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, fine, tender, Juicy, with an aromatic and vinous flavor. An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use; in use from November till May.—Christ Vollst. Pom. 165. 469. CIERGE D’HIVER. A small, conical, green cider apple, in use during November and December.—H. 8. C. n. 1438. 470. CITRONEN REINETTE. Synonymz.—Reinette de Citron. Fruit, pretty large, two inches and three quarters, to three inches broad, and about the same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped, Skin, smooth, of a beautiful shining bright yellow, with a rose colored blush, on the side towards the sun. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a wide, even, and pretty shallow basin, which is somewhat plaited. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with cinnamon colored russet. Flesh, very white, fine grained, Juicy, and of a very brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor. A very beautiful and valuable dessert apple, of German origin. It was raised by Herrn, Rath and Amtmann Rath, of Nassau ; it is in use THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 223 in December, and keeps during the whole of the winter and spring, even till June.—Diel Kernobst. iii. 132. 471. CLARET. A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape, and red color; it is in use during December and January.—H. S.C. n. 146. 472. CLARKE’S CODLIN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, and yellow color, and comes into use in November.—H. S.C. p. 10. 473. CLEPINGTON. A medium sized dessert apple, ripe in September. It is a seedling from the Oslin.— Riv. Cat. 474, CLEY PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, and yellow color ; and is in use from October to March.—ZH. S. C.n. 145. 475. CLOUDED SCARLET. A very beautiful apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards ; the tree bears well.—M. C. Hf. 8. iv. 473. 476. CLOVE PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert fruit, of second rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, russety-red color, and is ripe in August.—H. S. C. n. 147. There is another variety in Mr. Rivers’s Catalogue, which is also called Clove Pippin, and which is said to be a large dessert apple, of ‘first-rate quality, and in use from November till April. 477. COCKPIT. Of ordinary size, oval shape, both eye and stalk (which is slender), prominent; when ripe of a yellow color, the flesh is tender, and of a brisk flavor. Ripe in November and December. It grows healthily, and bears constantly. This variety is much cultivated in the North of England, as a useful pleasant apple, either for the table or kitchen.— Ron. Pyr. Mal. 73. pl. xxxvii. f. 1. 478. COLLIN’S KEEPER. A large kitchen apple, of roundish shape, green and yellow color, and keeps till January.—A. S. C.n. 173. 479. CONQUEST DE WIGERS. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape, pale yellow color, and in use from January till March.— A. 8. C.n. 175. 224 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 480. CORSTORPHINE. A medium sized second-rate Scotch culinary apple, of conical shape, and pale yellow color; in use during September and October.— Laws. Cat. 481. CORNISIT NONPAREIL. This is rather under the middle size, it is a little flatted, and of a russet color. This is a very good apple, and keeps till the middle of March.—Fors. Treat. 97. 482. CORNISH PEARMAIN. This is of a middling size, and long shape, of a dull green color on one side, and russet on the other. This is a very good apple, and keeps till the latter end of April—JFors. Treat. 97. 483. CORSE’S FAVORITE. A Canadian apple, raised near Montreal. It is described as an apple of extraordinary flavor ; it commences ripening in August, and has this singular peculiarity in maturing: it is six weeks from the time the first are fit for the table, before the last are so ; it should be perfectly matured on the tree, and eaten immediately.—Ken. Amer. Or. 26. Such is the character of this fruit in America, bet I have had no experience of it here.—/Z. 484. COS or CAAS. A native of Kingston, N. Y., where it is productive and very highly esteemed. Fruit, large, one-sided or angular, roundish, broad and flattened at the stalk, narrowing a good deal to the eye. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow in the shade, but red in the sun, with splashes and. specks of bright red, and a few yellow dots. Stalk, very short, and rather strong, downy, deeply inserted in a wide, one-sided cavity. Calyx, small, in a narrow, shallow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with a mild, agreeable flavor. December to March.— Down. Fr. Amer. 103. 485. COURT-PENDU NOIR. A medium sized kitchen apple, of round shape, and dark red color; in use from December till March. HZ. S. C. n. 186. 486. COWARNE QUEENING. ‘ A small, ovate apple, green and red, suitable either for cider or the essert use; it is in season from October till March, and i d bearer.—H. S. C.n. 606. Peeps 487. COW'S SNOUT. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblong shape, green and yellow color, and ripe during August and Sept fe A. 8. C. n. 189. ; P S Aug nd September THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 225 488. CREDE’S QUITTENREINETTE. Syrnonymes.—Credos Giitten Reinette, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 8, u. 646. Rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish. Skin, smooth, of an uniform fine lemon color, when ripe, and strewed with star-like russety dots. Eye, open, with long green segments, set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, thin, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, deep, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, of a beautiful white, very fine and juicy, with a sugary, vinous, and quince flavor. It is in use from ‘December till spring.— Diel Kernobst. xxi. 105. 489. CRIMSON QUEENING. SrnonymeEs.—Scarlet Queening ; Summer Queening ; Red Queening ; Hereford- shire Queening. A medium sized apple, of conical shape, red color, and second-rate quality, suitable either for the dessert or culinary use; and in season from December till March. It is not so rich as the Cornish Gilliflower, but resembles it both in flavor and appearance.—H. S. C. n. 609. 490. CROOM PIPPIN. A small, roundish, yellow apple; in use from December to January.— #7, 8. C.n. 194. 491. CUMBERLAND PIPPIN. Of medium size, roundish shape, prominently ribbed on the sides, and pale green color, suitable for kitchen use; and in season during December.—H. S. C. p. 12. 492. CURTIS. A native of Virginia. The skin is smooth, of a red color; flesh, juicy and pleasant. Ripe, middle to end of August.—Ken. Amer. Or. 59. 493. CYDER SOP. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish-ovate shape, and yellow, covered with brownish-red color.—H. S. C. p. 12. 494, DAISY. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, it is a very beautiful, small, sweet fruit, and not common.—W. C. H. S. iv. 472. 495. DALMAHOY PIPPIN. This is about the size of a Golden Pippin, of a green color, and a little streaked with red towards the sun, it has a tolerable good flavor, rather sharp; and is in eating from September till February.—Fors. Treat. 99. Q 226 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 496. DANVERS WINTER SWEET. SyNonyME.—Epse’s Sweet. In Massachusetts, from a town in which this variety takes its name, it has for a long time been one of the best market apples; but we think it inferior to the Ladies’ Sweeting. It is an abundant bearer, and a very rapid tree in its growth. Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin, smooth, dull yellow, with an orange blush. Stalk, slender, inclining to one side. Calyx, set in a smooth, narrow basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, and rich. It bakes well, and is fit for use the whole winter, and often till April, Down. Fr. Amer. 108. 497. DARLINGTON PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of an oblate shape, green color, and second-rate quality.—H. S. C. n. 199. 498. DEPTFORD INN. A very small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish shape, brownish-red color ; and in use from November till January.— HT, S. Cin. 200. 499. DERBYSHIRE. A medium sized culinary apple, of ovate shape, pale yellow, and red color ; and in use from November till March.— A. S. C. p. 12. 500. DESCIBUS. A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and inferior quality, ripe in November.—H. S. C. p. 12. 501. DETROIT. a alae Detroit; Black Detroit; Black Apple; Large Black; Crimson ‘ippin. Fruit of medium, or rather large size, roundish, somewhat flattened and pretty regular. Stalk, three fourths of an inch long, planted in a deep cavity. Skin, pretty thick, smooth, and glossy, bright crimson at first, but becoming dark blackish purple at maturity, somewhat dotted and marbled with specks of fawn color on the sunny side. Calyx, closed, set ina rather deep plaited basin. Flesh, white, (sometimes stained with red to the core in exposed specimens,) crisp, juicy, of agreeable sprightly sub-acid flavor. October to February.—Down. Fr. Amer. 106. 502. LEVONSHIRE GOLDEN BALL. It is large and of globular shape, straw-colored, with a flush. of un- striped carmine ; a very beautiful sauce apple, juicy, with an agreeable acid. It is a very useful apple in January and February. The tree grows well, and bears freely.— on. Pyr. Mal. 83. pl. xlii. f. 2. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 227 5038. DEVONSHIRE QUEEN. A beautiful apple, rather large, straw-colored, enriched over three fourths of its surface, with bright red stripes. It is an excellent apple, juicy, and briskly flavored, fit either for the table or for sauce, but particu- larly the latter; ripe in October. It is a general favorite in the West of England.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 49. pl, xxv. f. 1. 504. DEVONSHIRE RED STREAK. An old apple, and highly esteemed in the West of England, it is of middle size, globular, but a little oval, straw-colored, with a good deal of scarlet striping; the flavor is poignant, with plenty of juice and acid. It is excellent either for the dessert, or for cider, and will keep in perfection till January Ron. Pyr. Mal. 53. pl. xxvii. f. 2. 505. DEVONSHIRE WHITE SOUR. A small, oblate, greenish-yellow apple, ripe in August.— ZZ. S.C. n. 204. 506. DEVONSHIRE WILDING. Is a favorite sort in North Devon, for the manufacture of rough cider of great strength, so much relished by the laborers of that country. The fruit is of middle size, nearly round, flatted at the ends; color, yellowish-green, dotted with brown; the stalk short and thick, and closely attached to the branch, and hanging long on thetree. The pulp is firm, and well charged with a sharp acid juice. When cider is made of it, alone, the fruit is kept for a month before going to the mill. The tree grows strongly, and rises to rank in the first class in the orchard ; and is, like most of the cider apples, very seldom attacked by the American blight.— Rog. Fr. Cult, 111. 507. DICKSON’S GREENING. A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, green color; in use from December till February.—H. S. C. n. 206. 508. DIETZER ROTHE MANDEL REINETTE. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a half high; round. Skin, bright green, changing as it ripens to rich golden-yellow, the greater part washed with light red, which terminates in stripes on the shaded side. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, thin and woody, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity. Flesh, very fine, yellowish, firm, juicy, and with a rich, sugary, aromatic, and musky flavor. A valuable German dessert apple, of first-rate quality; it is ripe in December, and will keep till summer. The tree is an excellent grower, attains a large size, and is an excellent bearer.—Diel Kernobst. xxi. 126. Q 2 228 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 509. DOBBS’S KERNEL. Is nearly of the same size as the Golden Pippin, rather broader at the eye, of a golden color ; perhaps not quite so rich in flavor, but it has the advantage in growing more freely, and bearing more plentifully, which it does in clusters at the end of pendulous branches ; it is ripe in Novem- ber, and will keep till March or April. This is a seedling from the Golden Pippin, raised by Mr. Dobbs, of Salomons, about four miles from Gloucester, about the year 1760.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 35, pl. xviii. f. 1. 510. DOCKER’S SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape, and striped with red; it is in use from November till January.— AZ. 8. C. p. 18. 511. DOCKER’S DEVONSHIRE. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape, and striped with red; in use during December and J anuary.—H. S. C. p- 12. 512. DOCTOR. SynonyME.—Dewit ; White Doctor ; Yellow Doctor ; Red Doctor. A medium sized dessert apple of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and striped with yellow and red color; it is in use from October till January.—H. S. C. n. 207. This is an American variety, and a native of Pennsylvania. 5138. DOLLAR’S KERNEL. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use during October and November.—H. S. C. p. 22. 514. DOMINE. This apple is extensively planted on the Hudson, and bears a very close resemblance to the Rambo, which is not so highly colored. Fruit of medium size, flat. Skin, lively greenish-yellow in the shade, with stripes and splashes of bright red in the sun, and pretty large russet specks. Stalk, long and slender, planted in a wide cavity, and inclining to one side. Calyx, small, in a broad basin moderately sunk. Flesh, white, exceedingly tender and juicy, with a sprightly, pleasant, though not a high flavor. Young wood of a smooth, lively, light brown, and the trees are the most rapid growers, and prodigious bearers that are known—the branches being literally weighed down by the rope-like clusters of fruit. An American variety, in use from December till April—Down. Fr. Amer. 107. . YHE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 229 515. DOMINISKA. SynonymeEs.—Herrnapfel ; Gétterapfel. A very large and durable apple, often five inches in diameter, and belonging to the Rambour family. It has not only a very rich aroma, but its flesh is very delicious and agreeable.—Christ Handworterb, 34. It is in use from December till April. 516. DOONSIDE. A Scotch apple peculiar to the Ayrshire orchards, it is of medium size, and first-rate quality as a dessert apple; in use from September till December. The tree is hardy and productive.—Laws. Cat. 517. DORSETSHIRE REDSTREAK. A small cider apple, of conical shape, and striped with red; tree a good bearer.—H. S. C. p. 33. 518. DOUCE DE BOLWILLER. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, pearmain-shaped, and brownish-red color, suitable either for culinary use or cider ; it is in use during November and December.—Z. 8S. C. n. 216. 519. DOWNTON NONPAREIL. A medium sized, sharp, rich flavored apple, of the first-rate quality ; it is of roundish shape, green color, very much covered with russet, and is in use from December till April. A. S. C. n. 468. 520. DOYENNE. A large acid cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color; in use from October till January.—H. S. C. n. 218. 521. DREDGE’S QUEEN CHARLOTTE. This is a beautiful middle size apple, of a gold color, with red towards the sun. This apple is of an exquisite flavor, comes into eating about ‘Christmas, and keeps till February.—Fors. Treat. 100. 522. DREDGE’S RUSSET. This is a small apple, of a greenish russet color, and of a pleasant flavor. It is ripe in November, and keeps till Midsummer.—Fors. Treat. 99. 528. DUCHESS OF YORK’S FAVORITE. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, yellow and red color, and is in use during November and December,—Z. S. C, p. 14. 230 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 524. DUTCH FULWOOD. Syrnonrme.—Late Fulwood. A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, oblong shape, and green color; it is in use from December till May.—Z. S. C. p. 16. 525. IYYMMOCK RED. This is under the middle size, of a fine red color, intermixed with a little yellow on the side from the sun, it is ripe in January, and keeps till March.— Fors. Treat. 100. 526. EARLY JOE. An American dessert apple, of medium size, first-rate quality, and ripe in September.—Riv. Cat. 527. EARLY MARROW. A large cream-colored Scotch apple, of globular form, but contracted towards the eye, and with rather strong ribs; the stalk slender, and deeply inserted. The fruit is tender and bakes well. It bears well, and is in use in September and October.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 7. pl. vi. f. 4. 528. EARLY NEW-YORK. This fruit is more long than round, of a light green color, slightly tinged with red. The pulp is breaking, with much pleasant juice. As the fruit ripen gradually, they may be gathered as wanted, for some time. It ripens about the end of August. The tree is a good bearer in any shape.—Rog. Fr. Cult. 34. 529. EARLY POMEROY. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of conical shape, striped with red, and ripe in October.—JH. S. C. p. 32. 530. EARLY RED. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, and red color; it is in use during September and October.—Z. S. C. n, 231. 531. EARLY STRAWBERRY. Srvonyme.—American Red Juneating. A beautiful variety, which is said to have originated in the neighbour- hood of New-York, and appears in the markets there about the middle of July. Its sprightly flavor, agreeable perfume, and fine appearance, place it among the very finest summer apples. It is quite distinct from the Early Red Margaret, which has no fragrance, and a short stem. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 231 Fruit, roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, smooth, and fair, finely striped and stained with bright and dark red on a yellowish-white ground. Stalk, an inch and a half long, rather slender and uneven, inserted in a deep cavity. Calyx, rather small, in a shallow, narrow basin. Flesh,white, slightly tinged with red next the skin, tender, sub- acid, and very sprightly and brisk in flavor, with an agreeable aroma.— Down, Fr. Amer. 73. 582. EDEL KONIG. Synonyme.—Roi Trés Noble. Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches high} ealville-shaped. Skin, yellowish-green, but for the most part covered with beautiful crimson, which, on the side next the sun, is of a deep purple, approaching to black. Eye, closed, with long green segments, set in a shallow, ribbed, and plaited basin, round which are eight or ten prominent ribs, which extend down the sides even to the stalk, which render the form of the fruit very irregular. Stalk, thick, and often very fleshy, an inch to an inch and a half long, inserted in a deep, wide, and russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, tinged with pink, of a rich, sugary, and raspberry flavor. An excellent German culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use from October till November.—Diel Kernobst. ii. 1. 5338. EDINBURGH CLUSTER. Syrnonrme.—Sir Walter Blacket’s Favorite. A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate: quality, ovate shape, and yellow color; it is in use from November till January.—H. S. C. n. 235. 5384. EGGERMONT’S CALVILLE. Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half high; oblate. Skin, somewhat unctuous to the feel, of an uniform clear lemon-yellow color, marked here and there, with lines and figures of russet. Eye, closed, with long segments, set in a rather deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, juicy, marrowy, and of a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor and aroma. An excellent and beautiful dessert apple, ripe in November, and con- tinues during the winter.—Diel Kernobst. vi. B. 3. 535. ELDON PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish shape; yellow, with brownish-red color ; and in use from January till April —Z. S. C. n. 236. 282 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 536. EMBROIDERED APPLE. This is pretty large, and the stripes of red, very broad, from which circumstance it takes its name. It is commonly used as a kitchen apple, and is ripe in October.—Fors. Treat. 101. 537. EMBROIDERED PIPPIN. SyrnonyrmMeE.—Reinette Brodée. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of roundish shape, yellow color, embroidered with russety veins, and is in use from Novem- ber till January.—H. S. C. n. 238. 538. ENGLISCHE GRANAT REINETTE. Synonyme.—Pomme Granate. Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth, of a clear lemon-yellow ground color, but washed over two-thirds of the surface with beautiful crimson, which is indistinctly striped. Eye, pretty well closed with short segments, set in a pretty wide, and rather shallow basin, which is somewhat bossed. Stalk, thin and woody, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity, with one, and sometimes two fleshy protuberances. Flesh, yellowish-white, very fine, firm, crisp, and juicy, of a very rich, aromatic, vinous, and sugary flavor, very similar to the Golden Pippin. A first-rate German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues in use during the spring. The tree is not a large grower, being only middle sized; but it is a great bearer.—Diel Kernobst. xi. 134. 539. EVERLASTING. Synonyme.—LTverlasting Striped. This is below the middle size, of a conical shape. The color is a striped green towards the footstalk, and red towards the eye, it is of third-rate quality ; in use from January till May.—Fors. Treat. 101. 540. FAIR MAID OF FRANCE. A medium sized, roundish, and striped apple, of inferior quality.— A S. GC: p- 15. 541. FALLAWATER. An American variety, of second-rate quality. It is rather large, regularly formed, and ovato-conical; of a green and brownish-red color ; and a very good and productive variety, possessing in some degree a Newtown Pippin flavor. It is in use in January, and suitable either for table or kitchen use.—H. S. C. n. 242, THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 233 542. FAME. A Scotch apple, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but not a common variety —M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 543. FARTHING’S PIPPIN. A small oblate, and green apple, of inferior quality ; in use in Novem- ber—H. S.C. p. 15. 544. FLAT ANDERSON, A Scotch variety, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but rare. The fruit is of capital quality, and the tree an excellent bearer, middle sized and hardy. Only one tree in the orchard at Gourdiehill—_M™. C. . 8. iv. 472. 645. FLAT NONPAREIL. Differs from the Old Nonpareil, only in being of a flatter shape, and in not keeping so long; but it is a very nice juicy apple. In eating, December, January, and February. The tree grows free of canker, and bears well.— ton. Pyr. Mal. 68, pl. xxxiv. f. 6. 546. FLETCHER’S KERNEL. A medium sized dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from November to January.—Z. S. C. un. 252. 547. FLEUR DE PRAIREAL. A medium sized, cider apple, of oblate shape, greenish-yellow color; and in use from November till January.—H. 8. C. n. 255. 548. FORFAR PIPPIN. A small dessert apple of first-rate quality, very excellent, and very late ; in use from January till June—Aiv. Cat. 549. FORMOSA NONPAREIL. This variety was raised in the garden of Samuel Young, at Formosa Place, near Maidenhead, and is an extraordinary fine apple, combining the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin. Hort. Trans. iii. 322. 550. FLOWER OF THE TOWN. Synonymus.—Flowery Town ; Red-Streak, of Backhouse of York. A medium sized, second-rate culinary apple, it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from September to November, but is of indifferent quality, though a good bearer.—H. 8S. C. p. 16. 234 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 551. FRENCH CODLIN. A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, yellow color; and is in use during August and September.—H. S.C. n. 156. 552. FRENCH RUSSET. Synonymes.—French Reinette ; French Pippin. A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, covered with russet ; and in use during November and December.—H. S. C. n. 739. 553. FRENCH SPANIARD. This is a large apple, in form of a hexagonal prism, with the angles a little rounded, and of a yellowish-green color ; it is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the latter end of April.—Fors. Treat. n. 102. 554. GAESDONKER GOLD REINETTE. Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; oblate. Skin, thin, pale straw-colored at first, but changing by keeping, to golden-yellow, and washed with pale red on the side exposed to the sun; it is covered with numerous dots, which are dark crimson on the sunny side, and where much shaded, marked with russet. Eye, partially closed, with long pointed segments, set ina pretty deep cavity. Stalk, woody, sometimes very short, but at others, an inch long, inserted in a very deep and russety cavity. Flesh, white, yellowish, very fine, firm, and juicy, with a rich, aromatic, sugary, and vinous flavor, like that of the Golden Pippin. A valuable German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues in use during the spring.—Diel Kernobst. i. B. 59. 555. GARGEY PIPPIN. This is a handsome conical-shaped apple, under the middle size, of a greevish-yellow color, with a little red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till May.—Fors. Treat. 103. 556. GENERAL WOLFE. A large apple resembling the Reinette de Canada. It is of a flattened conical shape; yellowish-green and brown color; of second-rate quality, as a kitchen or dessert fruit ; and is in use from November till January. H. S. Cin. 268. 557. GESTREIFTER SOMMER ZIMMETAPFEL. Synonyme.—La Canelle. Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; roundish, inclining to oblong. Skin, very thin and shining, covered with THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 235 bloom when on the tree, straw-white at first, but changes when ripe to lemon-yellow, and on the side next the sun, it is covered with short, broken, crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with long woolly segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch to an inch and a quarter long, sometimes fleshy, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity, with occasionally a fleshy swelling on one side of it. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, juicy, marrowy, and very aromatic, with a sugary flavor, mixed with cinnamon. A very excellent little German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe during August and September. The tree is a good grower, and an excellent bearer.—Diel Kernobst. vi. 48. 558. GILLIFLOWER. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and striped with red; it isin use from October till February.— H 8. C. n. 266. 559. GILLIFLOWER PEARMAIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, pearmain shape, yellow and red color; and in use from November till March.— H. 8. C. p. 80. 560. GILPIN. SynonymEe—Carthouse. A handsome cider fruit from Virginia, which is also a very good table fruit from February till May. A very hardy, vigorous, and fruitful tree. Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin very smooth and hand- some, richly streaked with deep red and yellow. Stalk, short, deeply inserted. Calyx, in a round, rather deep basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy and rich, becoming tender and sprightly in the spring.—Down. Fr. Amer. 144. 561. GLANZ REINETTE. Synonyme.—Tyroler Glanzreinette. Fruit, about medium sized, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches high; roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, tender, smooth, varnished and shining, of a beautiful lemon-color when ripe, with a blush of delicate red on the side next the sun, which is wanting in fruit that is shaded ; strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, half open, with very long green segments, set in a moderately deep and plaited basin, which is surrounded with a few bosses. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, inserted in a rather deep basin, which is lined with fine russet, Flesh, snow-white, very fine, marrowy, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. : Stans « ahh A very beautiful waxen-like apple, of German origin; it is ripe in December, and continues in use during the spring. _ ' The tree is a very strong grower, forming a beautiful round-headed tree; and is very fruitful. A valuable apple.—Diel Kernobst. xi. 78. 236 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC w 562. GLORY OF BOUGHTON. A large culinary apple, of a round figure, yellow color; and in use during October.—H. S. C. n. 272. 563. GOLD REINETTE VON BORDEAUX. SynonymME.—Bordeauer Gold Reinette. Fruit, very large; obtuse pearmain-shaped. Skin, thin, greenish- yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to a fine rich yellow, on the side exposed to the sun, it is washed with bright red, and on the shaded side, it is marked with flakes and figures of russet, the whole surface covered with grey russety dots. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, tender, and juicy, with a rich, aromatic, and sugary flavor. A beautiful and very valuable apple; it is ripe in December, and keeps till March. The tree is a good grower, but does not attain a large size.— Dittrich Handb. i. 419. 564. GOLDEN BALL. A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, yellow and red color; and in use during August and September.—H. S.C. p. 17. 565. GOLDEN GLOUCESTER. This is a handsome middle-sized apple, of a flat shape, and a gold color; with red towards the sun. This is a good apple, and keeps till March.—Fors. Treat. 104. 566. GOLDEN NONPAREIL. A small, handsome, dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a round shape, yellow and russet color; and is in use from December till February.—Z.. S. C. n. 473. 567. GOLDEN WORCESTER. A small dessert apple, of perfectly spherical shape; a rich golden color, very slightly tinged with red ; the eye and stalk, both prominent ; the flesh firm, well-flavored, and yellow as the skin. The fruit keeps till January ; before gathering it has a beautiful effect, appearing like golden balls, among the leaves of the tree, which are of light airy growth. This is also an excellent cider apple.—Fon. Pyr. Mal. 25, pl. xiii. f 4. 568.—GRAND SHACHEM. A showy, large, dark, blood-red fruit, but rather coars ’, large, > ; a e, and scarcel worth cultivation. Fruit, very large, roundish, distinctly ribbed, aa THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 237 irregular in its outline. Stalk, short and strong, and calyx set in awell marked basin. Skin, smooth, deep dingy red over the whole surface. Flesh, white, rather dry, and without much flavor. September. Down Fr. Amer. 86. 569.—GRAUCH DOUCE. A cider apple of large size, round shape, and striped with red; it is in use during October and November.—JH. S. C. n. 296. 570. GREAVES’S PIPPIN. A large culinary apple of first-rate quality; ripe in September.— Riv. Cat. 571. GREEN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a round shape and green color; keeps very sound from January till June, and is less acid than the Winter Greening or French Crab, but not so juicy.— AS. C. n. 299. 572. GREEN BALSAM. A culinary apple of medium size, roundish shape, yellowish-green color, and in use during December and January.—H. S. C. n. 300. 573. GREEN DRAGON. This is a fine large apple, of an excellent flavor, and pale-green color. It is rather too large for the table, and is therefore mostly used as a kit- chen apple. It keeps till March.—Fors. Treat. 105. 574. GREEN EYELET. A small cider apple, of roundish figure and green color.—ZH. S. C. n. 301. 575. GREEN LEADINGTON. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of coni- cal shape, green color, and in use during September and October.— H, 8. C. n. 400. 576. GREEN EVERLASTING. A small apple of inferior quality, roundish shape, and green color ; it is in use during March and April.—H. S. C. p. 18. 577. GREEN LANGLAST. A scotch apple, much grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is a most excellent bearer ; fruit of capital quality when kept ; 238 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. tree, middle size, bears well. The Green Virgin, the Standard, and Green Langlast, may be reckoned the most profitable winter apples in this district. C. H. S. iv. 471. 578. GREEN VIRGIN. Tree an excellent bearer; bears when young; fruit keeps well, is of good quality, and of a fine yellow when kept. This is one of the most valuable apples in the Carse of Gowrie, but only known in Gourdiehill Orchard ; tree healthy, middle sized.—_M/. C. H. S. iv. 471. 579. GREEN WINE A variety peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, in Perthshire. Fruit, of excellent quality, tree bears well, but sickly when old.— M. C. HS. iv. 474. 580. GREY QUEENING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval shape, green and russety color; and is in use from December till February.—H. S. C.n. 609. 581. GRIDDLETON PIPPIN. This is a large angular-shaped apple, of a green color, with a little blush towards the sun. It is a baking apple, and keeps till March.— Fors. Treat. 105. 582. GROSSER EDLER PRINZESSINAPFEL. Synonyme.,—Princesse Noble, ace. Diel. Fruit, medium sized, two inches aud three quarters broad, and about the same in height; somewhat conical. Skin, tender, covered with a bloom when on the tree, and of a pale, waxen, yellowish-green, which changes to deep yellow color as it ripens; covered on the side exposed to the sun, with broken stripes of beautiful crimson, and paler stripes on the shaded side. Eye, closed, continues long green, set in a moderately deep basin, which is surrounded with plaits, and small warts. Stalk, very short and stout, sometimes only a fleshy knob, and set in a deep, wide, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, and of a very pleasant, strong cinnamon, vinous, and sugary flavor. A very excellent Dutch apple, of first-rate quality; it is ripe in November, and continues during the winter. The tree is a good grower, but does not attain over the middle size, and is an early and excellent bearer.—Diel Kernobst. xi 24. 583. GROSSE RHEINISCHER BOHNAPFEL. Fruit, large, three inches broad, and the same in height; somewhat conical. Skin, smooth, tender, greenish-yellow at first, but changing by THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 239 keeping to clear pale yellow, and on the side exposed to the sun, it is marked with pale red stripes, mixed with darker red. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, sometimes only a fleshy knob, and set in a shallow and russety cavity. Flesh, very white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a somewhat aromatic and sweet flavor, without any acid. An excellent German culinary apple, ripe in January, and continuing in use till July. The tree is a strong and good grower, very beautiful, with fine dark green, and shining foliage; it is a good bearer.—Diel Kernobst. i. 220. 584. HAMPSHIRE NONESUCH. This is a pretty large, well-shaped apple, of a greenish-yellow color, streaked with red, it keeps till the latter end of November.—Fors. Treat. 106. 585. HAMPSTEAD SWEETING. A middle sized cider apple, of ovate shape, and green and yellow color.—H. S.C. p. 19. 586. HAGGERSTON PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of aroundish shape, green and red color, and is in use from November till April.— AS. Cin. 318. 587. HARRISON. New Jersey is the most celebrated cider making district in America, and this apple which originated in Essex county of that state, has long enjoyed the highest reputation as a cider fruit. Ten bushels of these apples make a barrel of cider. The tree grows thrivingly, and bears very large crops. It is of medium size, and ovate shape, yellow color, rich flavor, and producing a high colored cider of great body. The fruit is very free from rot, falls easily from the tree about the first of November, and keeps well. The best cider of this variety, is worth from six to ten dollars a barrel, in New-York.—Down. Fr. Amer. 145. 588. HARRISON’S NEWARK. A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color.— 1, §. C.p. 19. 589. HARVEY’S RUSSET. A Cornish apple. This is a large russet-colored apple, with a little red towards the sun. This is a famous kitchen fruit, and tolerably good raw. It has a musky flavor.—ors. Treat. 106. 240 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 590. HAY’S EARLY. A culinary apple, of medium size, oblate shape, and yellow striped with red color, it is ripe in August.—H. S. C.n. 325. 591. HEDGE APPLE. A new fruit of middle sized, and handsome conical shape, red towards the sun, and a straw-color on the other side. This apple is of a tolerably good flavor, and keeps till the latter end of April.—Fors. Treat. 107. 592. HEREFORDSHIRE MONSTER. A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color; in use in December.—H. 8. C. p. 19. 593. HENRY’S WEEPING PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval shape, yellow color, and in use from December till February.—H. S. C.n. 330. 594. HILLS SEEDLING. A Scotch apple raised in the Carse of Gowrie. It is rather large, roundish and flattened, of a pale-green color, with a tinge of red next the sun. It is a good early culinary apple, in use from the end of August till October. The tree has much of the habit and appearance of the Hawthornden, and quite as good a bearer. 595. HOARE’S SEEDLING. A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, with red next the sun; and in use during December and January.—H. S. C. n. 835, 596. HOGSHEAD. This is a small red fruit, the flesh is red, and the taste austere. This is a cider apple, ripe in January, and keeps till March.— Fors. Treat. 108. There seems to be another variety known by this name, which is described in the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, as of a greenish- yellow color, and ovate shape. 597. HOLLOW-EYED REINETTE. This is a Cornish variety. It is a handsome flat-shaped apple, under the middle size; of a greenish-yellow color, sometimes intermixed with russet. This fruit is of an excellent flavor, and keeps till April.— Fors. Treat. 107. 598. HOMPE’S LARGE. A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red ; it is in use from October till December.—H. S. C. n. 342. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 241 599. HORSLIN. A dessert apple of medium size, and second-rate quality; it is of an ovate shape, pale yellow color, and is in use during November, and December.—Z. S. C. p. 20. 600. HOUSE. Srnonyme.—Grey House. A small cider apple, of an oval shape, green on the shaded side, and red on the other; it isin use in January.—H. S. C. n. 344. 601. HOW’S PIPPIN. A dessert apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, skin covered with russet, and in use from October till December.—H. S. C. n. 345. 602. HUBBARDSTON NONESUCH. A fine large early winter fruit, which originated in the town of Hubbardstone, Massachusetts, and is of first-rate quality. The tree is a vigorous grower, forming a handsome branching head, and bears very large crops. It is worthy of extensive orchard culture. Fruit, large, roundish-oblong, much narrower near the eye. Skin, smooth, striped with splashes, and irregular broken stripes of pale, and bright red, which nearly cover a yellowish ground. The calyx, open, and the stalk short, in a russeted hollow. Flesh, yellow, juicy, and tender, with an agreeable mingling of sweetness, and acidity in its flavor. October to January.— Down. Fr. Amer. 113. : 603. HULBERT’S PRINCESS ROYAL. A seedling from the Golden Harvey, but larger; flesh more tender, and equally rich. It is a small dessert apple, of first-rate quality; and ripe in May.— Riv. Cat. 604. HULBERT’S VICTORIA. A rich and excellent dessert apple, of small size, first-rate quality, and in use from April till May.—Aiv. Cat. 605. HUNT’S ROYAL NONPAREIL. Of medium size, roundish and somewhat flattened. Skin, yellowish- green, marked with russet. Flesh, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. This is said to be quite distinct from Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester, with which Lindley makes it synonymous.—Maund Fruit. 25. 606. HUNTINGFORD. A medium sized culinary apple, of conical shape, and very bright red color ; it is in use from January till April—Z. S. C. p. 20. R 242 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 607. HUTCHINSON’S SPOTTED. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape ; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun; in use during November and December.—Z. S. C. n. 349. 608. INCOMPARABLE. A large kitchen apple of a roundish and flattened shape, prominently ribbed on the sides, skin, greenish-yellow, it is ripe in October.—H. S. C. n. 351. 609. IRON APPLE. A small apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or dessert use, it is of a green and brownish color, and keeps for twelve months.—Z. S. C. p. 21. 610. IVES’S SEEDLING. A culinary apple of the middle size, and second-rate quality ; it is of. a roundish shape, striped with red, and is in use from November till January.—H. S. C. p. 21. 611. JACK CADE. A variety met with in some of the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The fruit is very acid, would do for cider, or for giving pungency to tarts.— M. C. HA. S. iv. 478. 612. JACKSON’S PIPPIN. Synonyme.—Middleton Pippin. A small early apple, but only of third-rate quality, it is of a roundish- oblate shape, yellow color, and is ripe in August.—H. S. C. p. 21. 613. JEFFREYS’S SEEDLING. A variety raised by Jeffreys, of the Brompton Park nursery, nearly a hundred years ago. It is a large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and is in use from October till January.—H. S. C. n. 363. 614. JENNY SINCLAIR. A Scotch dessert apple, of medium size, roundish shape, and brownish- red color.—H. S. C. p. 21. 615. JERSEY. A small cider apple, of conical shape, red color, and in use during November and December. A bitter-sweet.—H. S. C. p. 21. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 243 616. JOHN APPLE. A small cider apple, of first-rate quality, it is pearmain-shaped ; skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun; it is in use from December till February.—H. S. C. n. 366. 617. JONATHAN. The Jonathan is a very beautiful dessert apple, and its great beauty, good flavor, vigorous growth, and productiveness, unite to recommend it to orchard planters. Fruit, of medium size; regularly formed, roundish-ovate or tapering to the eye. Skin, thin and smooth, the ground clear light yellow, nearly covered by lively red stripes, and deepening into brilliant, or dark red in the sun. Stalk, three-fourths of an inch long, rather slender, inserted ina deep regular cavity. Calyx, set in a deep, rather broad basin. Flesh, white, rarely a little pinkish, very tender and juicy, with a mild sprightly flavor. This fruit evidently belongs to the Spitzemburgh class. November to March. The original tree is growing on the farm of Mr. Philip Rick, of Kingston, New-York.—Down. Fr. Amer. 118. 618. JORDBAERAEBLE. A Danish variety, of medium size, and for dessert use. It is of an ovate shape, striped with red, and is ripe during August and September. S.C. n. 369. 619. KANTET JORDBAERAEBLE. A Danish variety, for kitchen use. It is round, with prominent ribs on the sides, and of a red color—H. S. C. n. 370. 620. KEDDLESTON PIPPIN. A Derbyshire table apple, of middle size, straw-color, slightly russeted ‘5 of a globular shape, rather pointed towards the eye, it is a highly ‘flavored juicy fruit, and has the peculiar property of keeping in perfection from October till January. The tree grows well and bears freely.— Ron. Pyr. Mal. 26, pl. xiii. f. 7. 621. KENTISH CODLIN. A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, greenish-yellow color, and is ripe during August and September.— 4H. 8. C.n. 157. 622. KERNEL PEARMAIN. This is a small handsome apple, red towards the_sun, and of : yellowish-green, mixed with red on the other side. It is of a goo flavor, and keeps till the middle of May.—Fors. Treat. 3 R 244 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 623. KENRICK’S AUTUMN. Synonrme.—Kenrick’s Red Autumn. A handsome apple, of second quality. Fruit, large, roundish, much flattened at the base. Stalk, long, projecting beyond the fruit a good deal, set in a close cavity. Skin, pale yellowish-green, striped and stained with bright red. Flesh, white, a little stained with red, tender, juicy, and of a sprightly acid flavor. September.—Down. Fr. Amer. 87. This variety originated on the farm of John Kenrick, Esq., in Newton, Massachusetts. 624. KERNEL RED STREAK. This is of a greenish-yellow, with broad streaks of a dark red all over it, and a yellow ground finely speckled with red next the sun.— Fors. Treat. 109. 625. KESTON PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of round shape, red and yellow color, and in use from October till December.—Z. S. C. p- 22. 626. KILKENNY CODLIN. A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a round shape, yellow color, and is ripe during August and September.—H. S. C. n. 159. 627. KING HARRY. A middle sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is pearmain- shaped, with a russety skin; and is in use from November till January.— Hf, S. C. n. 382. 628. KING ROBERT. A Scotch apple, cultivated in some orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, but not commonly met with. It is a good bearer.—M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 629. KING WILLIAM. Raised from Dumelow’s Seedling. Large, conical, yellow, dotted with russet; a most excellent culinary variety, in use from October till April.—_ Mid. Flor. 630. KIRKE’S GOLDEN PIPPIN. Synonymzs.—New Golden Pippin; New Cluster Gold el ae ae Golden Pippin. olden Pippin; Dredge’s A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and yellow color. It is in use from December till March. A great bearer, but inferior in quality to the Golden Pippin.—H. S. C. n. 286, THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 245 631. KIRTON PIPPIN. Synonyme.—Cracked Pippin. This is a middle sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color, with little dark spots. The coat is generally rough towards the footstalk. This is a good apple for the table, and comes into eating in September.— Fors. Treat. 111. 632. KNIGHT’S LARGE. A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun; it is in use during September and October.— . 8. C. n. 387. 633. KNIGHT'S LEMON PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary use, or the dessert. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from November till February.—H. S. C. n. 407. 634. KNOTTED KERNEL. A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use during October and November.—H. S. C. n. 379. 635. KNOTTED NORMAN. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from December till February.—H. S. C. p. 28. 636. KONIGS REINETTE. Synonyme.—Reinette Dorée Royale. A very beautiful, long-keeping, dessert apple, it is oblate and ribbed on the sides, and round the eye like a Calville, and rather above medium size, being three inches wide, and two and a half high. The skin, when ripe, is of a fine lemon-color, with a fine blood-red cheek on one side. The flesh is yellowish-white, very fine, firm, and very juicy, with a rich, vinous, and sugary flavor. It ripens in December, and continues throughout the summer, without shrivelling.—Diel Kernobst. il, B. 127. 637. KRAPPE KRUIN. A middle sized culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of conical shape, and covered with russet; and is in use from October till March.— H. 8. C. n. 890. 638. KRAUTER REINETTE. A medium sized, very valuable, and highly flavored German dessert apple. It is two inches high, and two and a half broad; roundish. 246 ‘" BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. The skin is tender and smooth, pale bright green when on the tree, but changing during winter, to a beautiful rich yellow, with a little green intermixed. Eye, half open, set in a wide, deep, saucer-like basin. Stalk, an inch long, woody, but sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep cavity, lined with fine russet. Flesh, white, very fine, juicy, marrowy, and with a powerful aromatic and sugary flavor. Ripe in December and continues in use during the whole of the summer.—Diel Kernobst. xi. 114. 639. KRIZAPFEL. A Russian apple, somewhat transparent. It is of medium size, second- rate quality, and suitable for the dessert; its form is conical, the skin, pale green, and is in use during December.—Z. S. C. n. 391. 640. LADIES’ SWEETING. The Ladies’ Sweeting, we consider the finest winter sweet apple for the dessert, yet known or cultivated in this country (America.) Its handsome appearance, delightful perfume, sprightly flavor, and the long time in which it remains in perfection, render it universally admired wherever it is known, and no garden should be without it. The fruit is large, roundish-ovate. Skin, very smooth, covered with red next the sun, but pale yellowish-green in the shade, with broken stripes of pale red. Flesh, greenish-white, exceeding tender, juicy, and crisp, with a delicious, sprightly, agreeably perfumed flavor. Keeps without shrivelling, or losing its flavor till May Down. Fr. Amer. 136. 641. LADY LENNOX. Large and handsome, lemon-colored, pale red next the sun, and striped with deeper red. An excellent culinary apple, in use from November till April. It was raised from the Rymer, and is a favorite variety in the neighbourhood of Nottingham.—Mid. Flor. 642. LADY LOUISA PIPPIN. A small apple, of inferior quality, oblate shape, and pale yellow color, it is in use during December.—Z. S. C. p. 23. 643. LADY OF THE WEMYSS. A large and handsome Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or dessert use, it is of a roundish shape, pale green on the shaded side, but red next the sun; and is in use from October till January. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer.—Laws. Cat. 644. LANCASHIRE GAP. Synonyme.—Shireling. A medium sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till February.—H. S. C. n. 393. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 24:7 645. LANCASHIRE WITCH. A handsome culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, but red towards the sun; and is in season from October to December.—H. S. C.n. 394. 646. DE LANDE. SynonymE—Fleur de Prairial. A large culinary apple of oblong shape, striped with red, and in use during September and October.—Z. S. C. n. 395. 647. LARGE LEADINGTON. A large kitchen apple, of oblong shape, and green color.—ZZ. S. C. n, 402. 648. LAWMAN’S. A medium sized dessert apple of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate shape, yellow color, with brownish-red towards the sun; and is in use from March till June.—H. S. C. n. 399. 649. LAWRENCE’S NEW WHITE PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, conical shape, pale green color, and in use from December till February.—Z. S. C. p. 23. 650. LEITHEIMER STREIFLING. Synonyrme.—Kaiserheimer. Fruit, large, three inches high, and the same broad ; somewhat coni- cal. Skin, shining, bright green, which changes when ripening to deep lemon-yellow, covered all over with shining carmine, which is darker on the side next the sun, and paler on the shaded side; on this red there are beautiful crimson stripes, which are dazzling to the eyes. Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and much ribbed basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, beautiful white, somewhat redish, very fine, but not juicy, and of a rich, aromatic, sweet, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and continues during the spring and summer.—Diel Kernobst. viii. 186. 651. LEMON APPLE. A medium sized, second-rate dessert apple, it is of roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use during December and January.—Z. S. C.p. 23. This is not the same as the Lemon Pippin.—H. 652. LEYDEN PIPPIN. A good early dessert apple, of medium size, and first-rate quality, resembling the White Astrachan. It is of a roundish-shape ; skin, pale 248 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. green, with red towards the sun; ripe during August and September. The tree is a great bearer.—H. S. C. n. 408. ‘653. LITTLE BEAUTY. This is a small table apple, spherical, a little flattened; yellow with a brownish tinge on the sun side, and sprinkled with dark points, it is of a rich flavor, but rather dry. The tree grows upright, and bears so abundantly, as sometimes to cause barrenness the succeeding season. The fruit has the peculiar good quality of adhering so firmly to the branches, that the wind scarcely ever dislodges it. 1t will keep through the winter, and is well worth cultivating—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 25, pl. xiii. f. 5. 654. LITTLE HERBERT. A variety cultivated in the districts round Gloucester, it is a small, round apple, of a brown russety color, and though not of a first-rate quality, is a good flavored dessert fruit. The tree is a shy bearer. In use from December till February.—Z. 655. LITTLE HOLLOW CROWN. ” SynonyME.—Diepe Kopjis. A small apple, of second-rate quality, oval shape, yellow color, and in use during November and December.—d. S. C. p. 23. 656. LOCK’S SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January.— HS. C. p. 28. 657.. LONG LASTER. This is a middle sized apple, of an angular shape, and fine yellow color, with a beautiful red next the sun. It is of a tolerable flavor, and keeps till the middle of May, but is apt to be meally.—ors. Treat. 112. 658. LONG SEAM. This is a large angular-shaped baking apple, of a pretty good flavor, and light green color; it keeps till the latter end of January—Fors. Treat. 118. Lee ase 659. LORD BATEMAN’S DUMPLING, A large kitchen apple, of conical shape, yellow color, and in use from November till January.—H. S. C.n, 412. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 249 660. LORD CHENEY’S GREEN. This is a middle sized Yorkshire apple, resembling the Yorkshire Greening ; it is of a dark green color, with a little of a chocolate color next the sun. This is a baking apple, and keeps till the middle of May.—Fors. Treat. 113. 661. LUCAS’S PIPPIN. This is a handsome, middle sized, cylindrical-shaped apple; and of a beautiful orange color. A pretty good fruit, and keeps till the latter end of April. Fors. Treat. 113. 662. MACBETH. A Scotch variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, but rare. The tree is a good bearer.—M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 663. MACLEAN. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree gets diseased when old, requires to be planted in ground new to fruit trees ; fruit keeps well, of excellent quality, and weighs exceedingly heavy.— M. C. HS. iv. 472. 664. MACLEAN’S FAVORITE. A variety of the highest excellence as a dessert fruit, it is of medium size, and roundish shape; skin, of a yellow color; and in use from October till January.—H. S. C. n. 419. 665. MAGGIE DUNCAN. A Scotch apple, grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. Tree an excellent bearer; a valuable orchard apple, though not commonly cultivated ; fruit, very sweet.— M1. C. H. S. iv. 474. 666. MAIDEN. A Scotch apple, raised by Mr. Brown, of the Perth nursery. Tree, an excellent bearer; fruit, very acid; but one of the best kitchen apples that grows, does not keep well.—M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 667. MALTSTER. A Nottinghamshire apple, for kitchen use. It is a very fine variety, and is in use just before the late-keeping kinds. The tree is a great bearer, and a free grower—Mid. Flor. 668. MANSFIELD TART. This is a large Nottingham apple, but most known in Yorkshire. It is handsome, and of a green color, having a little cast of a brownish-red 250 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. with dark spots next the sun. A baking apple and keeps till February. Fors. Treat. 114. 669. MARGATE NONPAREIL. This very much resembles the Nonpareil in size, in shape, and even in color, except that the yellow predominates over the green, more than in the Nonpareil. The flesh is yellowish, intermixed with green, juicy, rich, and high flavored. It will keep six weeks in perfection, and is an excellent intermediate fruit, between the summer and winter Nonpareils. It was raised by John Boys, Esq., in his garden, at Margate, from seed of the Old Nonpareil.— Hort. Trans. v. 268. 670. MARMORIRTER SOMMERPEPPING. A medium sized, ovate, culinary apple, of second-rate quality; it is red and striped, and is ripe in September.—H. S. C. n. 430. 671. MARYGOLD PIPPIN. A medium sized apple of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during October and November.—ZH. S. C. p. 25. 672. MASTERS’S SEEDLING. A good Kentish apple, in use from November till February. The fruit is above the middle size, and of a regular round shape; color dark green, tinged with red on one side, but yellow when ripe, the pulp is very firm, and charged with a fine, agreeable, acid juice. The tree is of robust growth, hardy, and not liable to blight, and well deserves the character of being a first-rate bearer, of the first class in the orchard.— Rog. Fr. Cult, 52. 673. MASON’S WHITE. SynonyME.—Mason’s Early. A medium sized early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, pale yellow color, and is ripe during August—H. S. C. n. 432. 674. MASSAVIS. SrnonyMe,—Pomme d'Italie, A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and green color, with brown towards the sun, the tree is a good bearer.—H, S. C. n. 433. 675. MAY GENNET. This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish-yellow color, slightly streaked with red next the sun. This apple keeps till April._— Fors. Treat. 114. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 251 676. MENONISTEN REINETTE. A very beautiful, and important German dessert apple; it is above the middle size, and of a roundish flattened shape, the skin is yellow, with adark flush on the side next the sun, and considerably marked with russet. The flesh is very fine, firm, and juicy, and of a very good aromatic, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and continues during the spring.—Diel Kernobst. x. 169. 677. MERMAID. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, but is not common. The fruit keeps well, and is of good quality.— M. C. A. S. iv. 474. 678. MERVEILLE DE PORTLAND. A medium sized culinary apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical shape, yellow color, and in use from January till April—H. S. C. p. 25. 679. MICHAEL HENRY PIPPIN. A New Jersey fruit, a native of Monmouth county, first described by Coxe, and highly esteemed in many parts of the middle states of America. It is of medium size, roundish-oblong, or ovate, somewhat like the Newtown Pippin. Skin, ofa lively green color. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and high flavored; In use from November till March.— Down. Fr. Amer. 118. 680. DE MICHE. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and ripe in December.—H. S. C. p. 25. 681. MILLERS GLORY. A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an ovate shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January.—H, S. C. n. 438. 682. MOGG’S LONG KEEPER. A middle sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, striped with red, and in use from January till March.—H. S. C. p. 24. 683. MOLLET’S GUERNSEY PIPPIN. This is a small dessert fruit, of second-rate quality, resembling the Golden Harvey. It is of an oblate shape, yellow color; the flesh is yellow, crisp, juicy, and very highly flavored; in use from December till February.—Hort. Trans. iv. 524. 252 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 684. MOORHEN PIPPIN. A dessert apple, in high estimation in Hampshire. It is of middle size, pea-green color, varigated with scarlet blotching, and some russet ; firm in substance, and rich in flavor, keeps well till April. A great bearer, and grows well.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 64, pl. xxxii. f. 7. 685. MONSTROUS LEADINGTON. Synonrme.—Green Codlin. This is a very large fruit, and of first-rate quality for kitchen use, its shape is oblong, and the color green; it is in use from October till January. The tree is a good bearer, healthy, and rather large; fruit keeps well.— A. S. C. n. 403. 686. MONSTROUS RENNET. This is a very large apple, of an oblong shape, turning red towards the sun, and of a dark green on the other side. It is generally preserved on account of its magnitude, as the flesh is apt to be meally. It ripens in October.—fors. Treat. 115. 687. MORDEN BLOOM. A medium sized kitchen apple of inferior quality, it is of an oblate shape, yellow and red color, and ripens during August and September.— Hi. 8. C. p. 25. 688. MORDEN ROUND. A small dessert apple of third-rate quality, it is round and handsome, of a yellow color, and russeted, keeps from December till March.— A. S. Cin. 445. 689. MORDEN STRIPED. A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from November till January.—H, S. C.n. 446. 690. MOSS’S INCOMPARABLE. A large apple of first-rate quality, either as a dessert or culinary fruit. It is a very late keeper, being in use from April till June.—Riv. Cat. 691. MOTHER APPLE. A small cider apple of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use in December. A bitter sweet.—H. 8. C. n. 448. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 253 692. MOTHER RENNET. This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish color, with a little blush towards the sun, the eye is large and deep, and the footstalk is small.— Fors. Treat. 115. 693. MOUNT STEWART. A large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, green on one side, and red on the other, and in use from November till January.—H. S. C. p: 26. 694. MOULIN A VENT. _ A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during December.—H. S. C. n. 449. 695. MOUSE APPLE. An American variety which originated in Ulster county, on the west bank of the Hudson. It is there one of the most popular winter fruits, being considered by some superior to the Rhode Island Greening, and it deserves extensive trial elsewhere. Fruit, light in weight; in size large; roundish-oblong, or slightly conical. Skin, pale greenish-yellow when ripe, with a brownish blush on one side, marked with a few russety grey dots. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, rather slender, not deeply inserted. Calyx, closed, and set in a narrow basin, slightly plaited at the bottom. Flesh, very white, and fine-grained, and moderately juicy, with a sprightly, delicate, and faintly perfumed flavor.—Down Fr. Amer. 117. 696. MOXHAY PIPPIN. A small apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical shape, pale yellow color, and is ripe in October.—H. S. C. p. 26. 697. MUNSTER PIPPIN. A large kitchen apple, it is of a conical shape, pale green color, and in use from October till January.—H. S. C. p. 26. 698. MURPHY. This is an agreeable, pearmain-flavored apple, strongly resembling indeed the Blue Pearmain. It is a seedling raised by Mr. D. Murphy, of Salem, Massachusetts. Fruit, pretty large, roundish-oblong. Skin, pale red, streaked with darker red, and marked with blotches of the same color. Calyx, set in a narrow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with an agreeable, rather rich flavor. November to February.—Down. Fr. Amer, 118. 699. MUSCAT REINETTE. Synonyme.—Reinette Musquée. This is a middle sized, exquisite, and valuable German dessert apple. 254 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. It is of a somewhat conical shape. The skin is of a beautiful yellow color, covered over two thirds of its surface with dark crimson stripes. The flesh is yellowish-white, juicy, and of an exquisite, rich, aromatic, and sugary flavor, like a mixture of musk, and anise. Ripens in November, and keeps till the summer.—Diel Kernobst. iii. 169. 700. MY JOE JANET. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a good bearer; and the fruit of fine quality—M. C. H. S. iv. 478. 701. NEWARK KING. This is an American dessert apple, of the middle size, and second-rate quality. Itis of a pearmain-shape, green color on the shaded side, and red towards the sun; it is in use from November till February.— I. S. C.n. 455 702, NEWARK PIPPIN. Synonrmes.—French Pippin ; Yellow Pippin, of the Americans. A handsome and very excellent early winter variety, easily known by the crooked, irregular growth of the tree, and the drooping habit of the branches. The fruit is large, roundish-oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow, becoming a fine yellow when fully ripe, with clusters of small black dots, and rarely a very faint blush. Calyx, in a regular and rather deep basin. Stalk, moderately long, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tender, very rich, juicy, and highly flavored. November to F ebruary.— Down. Fr. Amer. 121. 703. NEW ENGLAND PIPPIN. A large angular-shaped apple, of a green color, with a little brownish- red towards the sun. It has a pretty good flavor, and keeps till March.—Fors. Treat. 115. 704. NEW HAWTHORNDEN. A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use during December and January. The fruit is larger, and keeps longer than the old sort, habit of the tree more robust.— Riv. Cat. 705. NEW NORTHERN GREENING. A round green apple, of the largest size, said to be a decided improve- ment on the Northern Greening, from which it was raised. It is in use from November till April. Cultivated about Nottingham. hae Pp ottingham. Treea great THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 255 706. NEW POMEROY. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an ovate shape, covered with russet, and in use during November and December.—H. S. C. n. 591. 707. NEW REINETTE GRISE. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an oblate shape; skin yellow, covered with russet; in use from January till March. Tree a good bearer.—H. S. C, n. 668. 708. NEW WOODCOCK. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January.—H. 8. C. n. 882. 709. NINE PARTNER’S LITTLE RUSSET. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an oval shape, green color covered with russet, in use from January till May.— A. S. C.n. 745. 710. NINE SQUARE. A Gloucestershire apple. This is a large angular-shaped fruit, of a fine red towards the sun, and yellow on the other side, with a mixture of red. Keeps till April—¥fors. Treat. 116. 711. NOBLESSE DE GAND. A large sauce apple, straw-colored, without stripes, nearly globular, but contracted towards the eye. It is a firm weighty fruit, rich in flavor, with a due proportion of acid. Avery excellent new sort, in use January and February.—fon. Pyr. Mal. 49, pl. xxv. f. 2. 712. NONSUCH PARK. A small dessert apple, resembling the Golden Pippin, and of first- rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from November till February.—H. S. C. n. 494. 713. NORMAN GLASBURY. A small, ovate, pale yellow apple, for cider use.—H. S. C. n. 270. 714. NORMAN STYRE. A small cider apple, of a round shape, pale yellow and red color, and in use from October till December.—H. S. C. p. 28. 256 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 715. NORMANDY PIPPIN. A medium sized cider apple, of a roundish shape, the skin is yellow on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun.—H. S. C. p. 28. 716. NORTHERN SPY. A very large, handsome, and excellent new American fruit, of the Spitzemburgh family, which has lately attracted a good deal of notice. It keeps remarkably well, and is in eating from December till May, and commands the highest price. The tree is of a rapid and upright growth, and bears well. It is of a conical shape, and the skin is nearly covered with dark red, and streaked with purple.—Down. Fr. Amer. 120. 717. NOTTINGHAM. A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate quality ; it is of an ovate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till January.— A, 8. C. p. 28. 718. OAK PEG. Synonyrme.—Oaken Pin. This is an oval shaped, middle sized fruit, of a green color, striped with white. It is very full towards the footstalk, which is small; it keeps till June.—Fors. Treat. 118. 719. OAKS. A medium sized conical apple, of inferior quality ; it is striped with red, and is in use from November till February.—H. S. C. p. 28. 720. OCHILTREE. A large and handsome Scotch dessert apple, of first-rate quality; it is roundish, pale green and red color. It is in use from September till March.—Laws. Cat. 721. OGNON. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, green and red color; in use during January.—H. 8. C. n. 503. 722, OLD PARK PIPPIN. A small ovate apple, of inferior quality, of a green and red color, in use from November till January. S. C. p. 28. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 257 723. OLIVER'S. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, covered with russet, and in use from December till February.—H. S.C. n. 504. 724. ORANGE. A middle sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use during October.—H .S .C. p- 28. 725. ORACK ELMA. A Persian apple. It is a large dessert fruit, of second-rate quality, of an oblate shape, red color, and in use during October.—H. S. C.n. 505. 726. ORME. A middle sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape, pale green color, and in use from February till April.— HS. C. n. 508. 727. PACK-HORSE. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun; in use from November till March.—ZH. S. C. n. 515. 728. PAINTED LADY. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in use during October and November.—. S. C. p. 29. 729. PANSON’S PEARMAIN. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality; suitable either for dessert use or for cider. It is of a pearmain shape, green on the shaded side, red next the sun, and in use from December till March.—JZ. S. C. n. 5538. 730. PARMENTIER. A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for dessert use, or culinary purposes. It is of a conical shape, and the skin is covered with russet, it is in season from November till April—H. S. C. n. 523, 731. PARSONAGE PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape, the skin is striped with red, and it is in season during November.— 4. 8. C. p. 29. 8 258 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 732. PEAR APPLE. A small cider apple, of inferior quality; it is of an obovate shape; skin, green, and in use in November.—#H. S. C. n. 528. 738. PEARMAIN, BLUE. The Blue Pearmain is a large and very showy fruit, and is therefore popular in the New-England markets. The numerous large, russety, yellow dots, which are sprinkled over the skin, and the bloom which overspreads it, mark this apple. Fruit, of the largest size, roundish, regularly formed, very slightly conical. Skin, striped, and blotched with dark purplish-red, over a dull ground, and appearing bluish from the white bloom. Flesh, yellowish, mild, rather rich and good. October to February.—Down. Fr. Amer. 122. 7384. PECKMAN OR PICKMAN. A fruit of a globular form, and a straw color; its flavor combined with a good portion of acidity, is very rich and good. A winter fruit, fine for the table, or for cooking. A good fruit, and very productive, and deserving of cultivation. This is much cultivated by Mr. Ware, at, or near Salem, Massachusetts, who thinks it a native.—Ken. Amer. Or. 50. 735. PENNOCK’S RED WINTER. Synonymes.—Pennock’s Large Red Winter ; Pennock’s Red. A large kitchen apple, of an oblate shape. Skin, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun. It is in use from November till March, and not apt to shrivel—_H. S. C. n. 570. This is a native of Pennsylvania, and is there esteemed an excellent baking apple. 736. PEPIN STEUCHAL. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an ovate shape, the skin striped with red, and in use from November till January.—H. S. C. n. 578. 737. PERMANENT, A large and excellent variety, roundish and ribbed, yellowish-green, with dingy red next the sun. A good keeper, in use from J anuary till June. This was raised from the Keswick Codlin, impregnated with Dumelow’s Seedling. It is cultivated about Nottingham—Mid. Flor. 738. PETWORTH SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape. Skin, green, covered with brownish-red ; in use from November till January.—H. S. C. n. 580. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 259 739. PITMASTON NONPAREIL RUSSET. Synonyrme.—Russet Coated Nonpariel. A small dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of an oblate shape. Skin, covered with russet; in use from December till February. Not handsome, but exceedingly rich, and brisk flavored. S. C. p. 39. 740. PITMINSTER CRAB. A small cider apple, of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape. Skin, striped with red, and is in use from November till December.— H. S.C. p. 32. 741. POMME POIRE. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, but not so good as the Old Nonpareil, which it resembles. It is of a roundish shape. Skin, covered with russet, and in use from January till May.—#. S. C. n. 589. 742. POOR MAN’S PROFIT. This is a dingy colored, oval-shaped apple, below the middle size. It is raised freely from cuttings, and keeps till January.—Vors. Treat. 121. 743. PORTE TULIPEE. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, yellow and brown color, and ripe in November.—H. S. C. n. 595, 744. PORTER. A first-rate New England fruit, raised by the Rev. S. Porter, of Sherburne, Mass. and deservedly a great favorite in the Boston market. The fruit is remarkably fair, and the tree is very productive. It is rather large, oblong, narrowing to the eye. Skin, clear, glossy, bright yellow, and when exposed, with a dull blush next the sun. Flesh, fine- grained, and abounding with juice, of a sprightly agreeable flavor. Ripens in September, and deserves general cultivation.—Down. Fr. Amer. 92. 745. POUND. A very large and showy fruit, but of very indifferent quality; and not worth cultivation, where better sorts are to be had. ; The fruit is roundish-oblong, striped with red, on a dull greenish- yellow ground. The stalk short, and deeply inserted. The flesh, yellowish-green, and without much flavor. October to January.— Down, Fr. Amer. 127. 2 S$ 260 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 746. POUND PIPPIN. This is a large handsome apple, of a greenish color, and is good for baking. It is ripe in January.—Fors. Treat. 121. 747. POWNAL SPITZEMBERG. So named from its native place, and its resemblance to the Esopus Spitzemberg. It is a very superior winter fruit—Ken. Amer. Or. 51. This is an American variety.—H. 748. PRIESTLEY. SynonymE.—Priestley’s American. A large spicy-flavored apple, of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or dessert use. It is of a roundish-oblong shape, yellow and red color, and in use from December till April— Down. Fr. Amer. 126. 749. PRINCE ROYAL. A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; oblate shape, and striped with red, it is in use from December till January—JH. S. C. p. 32. 750. PRYOR’S RED. A native of Virginia. The fruit is very large; color, brownish-red ; its flesh at maturity, juicy, and very fine. A winter fruit—Ken. Amer. Or. 59. 751. QUATFORD AROMATIC. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, with a rich aromatic flavor. It is ripe in December.—Riv. Cat. 752. QUEEN CHARLOTTE. SynonymMEe.—Queen ; Boatswain’s Pippin. A large sort of Crab, of inferior quality; it is of a conical shape, green on one side, and red on the other.—H. S. C. n. 605. 753. RAMBOUR. SynonyMe—Rambour Franc d’Hiver. A large oblate culinary apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a green color on the shaded side, and red next the sun; in use from October till January.—H7. S. C. n. 614. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 261 754, RANGE. A kitchen apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an eblate shape, red color, and in use from November till February.— 4. §. C. n. 616. 755. RATHER RIPE. This is a small summer apple, it is roundish, and flattened, of a yellow color, and second-rate quality as a dessert fruit, and is ripe in August.—Z, S. C. n. 620. 756. RAWLE’S JANETT. A native of Virginia. The form is globular, flattened at the summit and base; the color red and green; flesh very fragrant, more juicy, and of superior flavor to the Newtown Pippin, and keeps equally as well.— Ken. Amer. Or. 59. 757. RED AISLE. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie; it isa rare sort; an inferior bearer, but pretty— WM. C. H. S. iv. 473. 758. RED BAG. This is a beautiful large Herefordshire apple, of a longish shape, streaked all over with a dark red; and is in eating about the middle of October.—Fors. Treat. 123. 759. RED COAT. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. It is not a common sort, and is very pretty.—M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 760. RED FULWOOD. A large, spreading, graceful tree, full of leaf and vigor, the giant of the Carse of Gowrie orchards; bears very great loads of fruit every second year ; fruit beautiful—M. C. H. S. iy. 472. 761. RED LANGLAST. A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is a great bearer, middle sized; good quality of fruit—MM. C. H. S. iv, 473. 762. RED NORMAN. A large and first-rate cider apple, it is of an ovate shape, yellow on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun; in use in November. A bitter-sweet.—Z. S. C. n. 496. 262 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 763. RED SWEET PIPPIN. An American apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality 5 it is of an oblate shape, red color, and in use from November till February.— Al. S.C. p. 34. 764. RED WINE. A Scotch apple. Tree a good bearer, middle sized, becomes much knotted when old, and rather unhealthy; a very valuable market apple.—M. C. H. S. iv. 471. 765. REDDING’S NONPAREIL. This is a small. dessert apple, of first-rate quality, abounding in a brisk flavor. It is roundish, the skin green, but very much covered with russet; and is in use from December till March.—H. S. C. n. 479. 766. REINETTE BAUMANN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate shape, and red color; it is in use from December till March, and is not apt to shrivel. H. S. C. p. 34. 767. REINETTE BLANCHE. A medium sized French dessert apple. It is roundish, inclining to oblong. The skin very smooth, and when ripe, of a fine clear yellow, with sometimes a faint blush of red, on the side next the sun. The flesh is white, tender, and highly perfumed, very juicy and well flavored. In use from December till March.— Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 295. 768. REINETTE CALVILLEE. A middle sized valuable dessert fruit, inclining to oblong. The skin is smooth, of a fine shining gold color when ripe, and with three or four broad stripes of dull red, only on the part exposed to the sun. Flesh, yellowish, tender, very fine, juicy, with a strong perfume, and a flavor like that of Calville Blanche d’Hiver. It ripens in the end of November and keeps three or four months.—Diel Kernobst. i. 130. 769. REINETTE DE CLAREVAL. A medium sized, beautiful, and excellent French dessert apple, it is oblate and roundish. The skin is smooth, tender, and of a fine deep lemon color, and rarely with a tinge of red on the side next the sun. Flesh, very fine, white, and yellowish, firm, juicy, and of an aromatic, vinous, and sugary flavor. Ripens in December, and keeps throughout the spring.—Diel Kernobst. xii. 111. peewee THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES, 263 770. REINETTE DOREE. Synonyrme.—Reinette Jaune Tardive. A medium sized regularly formed apple, of a roundish and flattened shape. Skin, smooth, of a beautiful deep golden yellow color, dotted with grey dots, and with just a sufficient tinge of red next the sun, as to heighten the color of the yellow. The flesh is white, firm, fine, and fragrant; very juicy, sugary, and rich. It ripens in December, and keeps during the spring.— Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 293. , 771. REINETTE DE DOUE. A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality; in use from January till May.— Riv. Cat. 772. REINETTE GRISE D’ANGLETERRE PETITE. A small dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, and the skin covered with russet; in season from November till January.— AS. C. n. 664. 773, REINETTE GRISE DOREE. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality; it resembles the Golden Pippin, but keeps much longer.— Riv. Cat. 774. REINETTE GRISE DE GRANVILLE. A dessert apple of second size, and second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, skin yellow, and much covered with russet; in use from December till February.—H. S. C. n. 667. 775.. REINETTE GRISE DE HOLLANDE. Synonymes.—Reinette de Havre; Reinette de Hongrie. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape, skin very thickly coated with russet ; and in use from November till March.— HZ. S.C. p. 36. 776. REINETTE GROSSE D’ANGLETERRE. SynonyME.—Pomme Madame. A very large apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or the dessert, but of only second-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, skin striped with red, and in use from December till February. It is nearly as large as the Reinette de Canada, but of less merit.—H. S. C. n. 670. 777. REINETTE JAUNE HATIVE. Synonymes.—Drap 4’Or, of some. Reinette Grise dAutomne, of some. Reinette Marbrée, of some. Citron des Carmes. 264 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. A small, and second-rate dessert apple. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, covered with russet, and in use during November.— HT, S.C. n. 672. 778. REINETTE DE LAAK. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; roundish, inclining to conical; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun; ripe in September. Tree 4 good bearer.—H. S. C. n. 678. 779. REINETTE MICHAUX. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use during December.—Z. S. C. n. 680. 780. REINETTE NAINE. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni- cal shape, skin, yellowish-green ; in use from November till February. The tree is a dwarfi—H. S. C. n. 682. 781. REINETTE DU NORD. A second-rate dessert apple, of middle size, oval shape, and yellow color. Will keep two years.—H. S. C. n. 683. 782, REINETTE D’ORLEANS. A pretty large, and very beautiful dessert fruit, of the first quality ; varying from roundish to oblong. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color, with sometimes a few stripes of crimson, on the side exposed to the sun, Flesh, yellowish, very fine, and juicy, marrowy, and of a high sugary flavor, which is somewhat like that of a mixture of lemon acid. It ripens in December, and continues in use during the whole of the winter and spring.—Diel Kernobst. iti, 226. 783. REINETTE PICTEE. A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, roundish shape, and russety; in use during October.—H. S. C. n. 687. 784. REINETTE QUITTEN. SynonymE.—Quince Reinette. A medium sized apple, shaped like a quince. It is of an obvate shape, skin yellow; a culinary fruit of second-rate quality ; in use from October till February.—Z. S. C. n. 690. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 265 785. REINETTE TRUITE. Synonyme.—Reinette Tachetée ; Forellen Reinette. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape. Skin, yellow, on the shaded side, with red and shining crimson next the sun; in use during November and December, sugary, but not very juicy —H. S.C. n. 695. 786. REINETTE TRES TARDIVE. A large apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for the dessert or kitchen use ; it is in use from January till June.—Riv. Cat. 787. REINETTE DE VIGAN. A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality ; suitable either for dessert or kitchen use ; it is in use in May.—Riv. Cat. 788. RIGBY’S PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape, pale yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun; and in use from December till February —H. S. C.n. 709. 789. RIVAL. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. It is of excellent quality, keeps well, and the tree is a good bearer.—M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 790. ROB ROY. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, yellowish-green color, on the shaded side, and red next the sun; in use from December till February. S. C. n. 712. 791. RODMERSHAM PIPPIN. A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape; yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun; in use from October till December—H. S. C. p. 38. 792. ROMAINE. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape, yellow color; and in use in September.—H. S. C. n. 715. 793. ROMAN STEM. iginated at This is not generally known out of New Jersey. It origina Burlington, in hat State, and is much esteemed in that neighbourhood. 266 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. In flavor it belongs to the class of sprightly, pleasant apples, and some- what resembles the Yellow Bellefleur. Tree very productive.— Down. Fr. Amer. 131. It is a small dessert apple, of second-rate quality in this country.—Z. 794. ROMRIL. A medium sized apple of first-rate quality, either for cider or kitchen use. It is of an oblate shape, pale yellow color, and in use from November till February. The tree is a great bearer.—H. 8. C. n. 717. 795. ROSALIND. A very old variety, known to exist in the Carse of Gowrie, but it is very rare.—M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 796. ROSE APPLE. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. It is a valuable variety, and the tree is a good bearer.—M. C. H. S. iv. 478. 797. ROSTOCKER. Synonymes.-—Stetting Rouge ; Rothe Stettiner ; Rothe Herrnapfel ; Annaberger ; Berliner Glasapfel ; Matapfel ; Bédickheimer ; Zweibelapfel. A large and favorite German apple, of first-rate quality, for culinary purposes, and very much resembling our Norfolk Beefing. It is oblate in shape, and ribbed ; the skin pale green, and yellowish on the shaded side; but on the side next the sun, it is of a deep blood-red, which oo even to the shaded side. It is in use from November till ay. 798. ROTHE WIENER SOMMERAPFEL. A beautiful, and excellent autumn apple, suitable either for the dessert or kitchen use. It is of a medium size, and pearmain shape. Skin, shining, covered with a fine bloom, greenish-yellow, washed and striped with red. In use in October. 799. ROUGHAM SEEDLING. A small table apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblate shape, green and red color, and in use in December.—ZH. S. C. p. 38. 800. ROUND CATSHEAD. Synonyme.—Téte du Chat. A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color; and in use from December till March—H. S. C. n. 131. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 267 801. ROUND HEAD. A medium sized kitchen apple, it is of a roundish shape, green color, and in use from November till January.—H. S. C. n. 724. 802. ROWE’S SEEDLING. A very valuable Devonshire sauce apple ; large, and of rather conical shape, with small prominences round the eye, of a pea-green color; it has plenty of juice, and a very pleasant flavor; ripe in August and September. Is a great bearer, and the tree grows freely.—Hon. Pyr. Mal. 9, pl. v. f. 3. 8038. ROYAL COSTARD. An apple of the largest size, its flesh is not very firm, but being juicy and melting, it is an excellent sauce apple.—Horé. Trans. iii. p. 327. 804. ROYAL DEVON. A small cider apple. It is of a roundish shape; pale yellow color, striped with red, and with a bitter flavor ; it is in use during November and December.—H. S. C. p. 38. 805. ROYAL GEORGE. Fruit, above the middle size, round and flattened at each end. Stalk, short. Eye, large and prominent. Skin, light yellow, dashed with red. Flesh, firm, and full of a rich juice, of a peculiar flavor, and may be used in the dessert, and in the kitchen. The tree resembles the Ribston Pippin in growth, but of more vigorous habit ; it is in use from November till February.— Rog. Fr. Cult. 56. 806. ROYAL JERSEY. A cider apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red—H. S.C, p. 38. 807. ROYAL NONPAREIL. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use from November till January.—H. S. C. p. 27. 808. ROYAL REINETTE. A large apple, of second-rate quality, and suitable either for kitchen or dessert use ; but more properly the former. It is of a conical shape, and striped with red; in use from December till April. The tree is a good bearer.—H. S. C. n. 692. 268 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 809. ROYAL WILDING. A Herefordshire cider apple, and quite distinct from the apple of the same name, peculiar to Devonshire. It is small, of a conical shape, yellow color; and in use in December.—H. 8S. C. n. 728. 810. ROYALE. A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, excellent as a dessert apple, and suitable also for kitchen use. It is of a roundish shape, skin, covered with russet, and in use from January till March —Z. S. C. n. 729. 811. SAFFRAN REINETTE. A medium sized cider apple of second-rate quality; it is of conical shape, yellow color, covered with russet ; and in use during August and September.—H. S. C. n. 693. 812. ST. JOHN’S NONPAREIL. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an ovate shape yellowish-green, on the shaded side, and brown next the sun; in use from November till January.—H. S. C. n. 481. 813. ST. LAWRENCE. A small early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and is in use during August and September.— A. S.C. n. 765. 814. ST. PATRICK. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a good bearer, but is not common.—M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 815. ST. PATRICK’S SWEETING. A small dessert apple of inferior quality. It is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and is in use during August and September.—H. S. C. p 40. 816. SALOPIAN PIPPIN. A Shropshire apple, of middle size, introduced to the neighbourhood of London, by the late Mr. Williams, of Turnham Green. Its shape globular, a little compressed; a pea-green color, with a slight flush of pale red, and sprinkled over with brown spots, it has great merit as a sauce apple, as it dresses well, is juicy, and well flavored; in use from October till Christmas. The tree grows in a compact form, and is a constant bearer.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 9, pl. v. f. 4. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 269 817. SANDY’S RUSSET. A small dessert apple of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, skin covered with russet ; and in use from November till F ebruary.— A. S.C. p. 39. 818. SAPLING BARK. An early yellow apple, of inferior quality, it is of an oval shape, and ripe in August.—H. S. C. p. 40. 819. DE SAUGE. A cider apple of medium size, and oblate shape, the skin is yellow, and covered with brownish-red; it is in use from November till February. A bitter sweet.—H. S. C. n. 770. 820. SCARLET GOLDEN PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality; in use from November till April. A variety from Essex, very good, and very late-—Riv. Cat. 821. SCARLET KEEPER. A medium sized dessert apple, of third-rate quality; it is conical, striped with red; and in use during November and December.— H, S.C. p. 40. 822. SCHAFER. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; resembling the Scarlet Nonpareil. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, green on the shaded side, and red on the other; in use during December and January.— A. S.C. n. 771. 823. SCOTSMAN. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. Tree, an excellent bearer, and bears when young; fruit of good quality, keeps well; a rare variety.—M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 824. SCOTTISH CHIEF. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an excellent bearer, healthy, middle sized; branches very pendent; fruit of good quality. —M. C. H. 8S. iv. 471. 825. SEA CLIFF. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, green color, and oblong shape ; it is in use from October till January.—H. S. C. p. 40. 270 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 826. SEACLIFFE HAWTHORNDEN. Synonyme.—Seacliffe Apple. A very large and handsome apple, of a round shape, pale yellow color, and first-rate quality. The tree is hardy, a good bearer, and highly deserving of cultivation. Laws. Cat. 827. SEDGEFIELD. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality; it is of a round shape, striped with red, and in use from December till February.—Z. 8. C. p- 40. 828. SHAGREEN. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an excellent bearer ; fruit keeps well.— JZ. C. H. S. iv. 473. 829. SHARP’S RUSSET. This is below the middle size, of a brownish-red color towards the sun, and a pale green on the other side. It is shaped like the frustrum of acone; it is of a pretty good flavor, and keeps till May.—Fors, Treat. 128. 830. SERJEANT. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is beautiful, upright growing, and large, not common.—W. C. ZH. S. iv. 473. 831. SHEPHERD’S NEWINGTON. A large kitchen apple, of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in use during October and November. It is very large, but does not keep well—H. S. C. n. 775. 8382. SHUSTOKE. A medium sized culinary apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun; ripe in December.—H. S. C. p. 41. 833. SIBERIAN SUGAR. A small apple, and of first-rate quality for cider, it is of a roundish shape, and yellow color; the flesh is orange, and the juice highly saccharine ; in use during December and January.—H. S. C. n. 778. 834. SILVERLING. A large apple for culinary purposes. It is of conical shape, pale green color; and in use from November till March.—H. S.C. n. 779, THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 271 835. SILVER PIPPIN. This is a handsome, middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a fine yellow color, with a faint blush towards the sun. The flesh is firm, and very white, and of an excellent flavor. It keeps till the middle of May.—Fors. Treat. 183. 836. SIMPSON’S SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an ovate shape, and yellow color; and in use from January till April.— HS. C. p. 41. This was raised from Ord’s apple, to which it bears some resemblance. 837. SKERM’S KERNEL. This is a conical shaped, middle sized apple, beautifully streaked with red, deepest towards the eye, and having a good deal of yellow towards the footstalk. It is ripe in January, and keeps till March.—Fors. Treat. 127. 838. SLADE’S PIPPIN. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, of an ovate shape, and pale brownish-red color.—H. S. C. p. 41. 839. SMITH’S BEAUTY OF NEWARK. A medium sized dessert apple; of ovate shape, yellow color, with red towards the sun, and in use during September and October.— #, 8. C. n. 38. 840. SOMERSETSHIRE DEUX ANS. A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow color, with red towards the sun.—H. S. C. n. 203. 841. SONNETTE. A medium sized cider apple of ovate shape, and greenish-yellow color ; a bitter-sweet.—H. S. C.n. 783. 842. SOUTH CAROLINA PIPPIN. A very large and handsome American apple, of first-rate quality, and suitable either for culinary or dessert use. It is round, yellow, and in use in December.—Laws. Cat. 848. SOVEREIGN. This is a large sized fruit, measuring from ten to twelve inches in circumference, nearly round; but with some irregular ridging. The 272 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. color is a fine red, suffused nearly all over, only deeper next the sun; the flesh is breaking; the juice, rich, vinous, and abundant. Most of the fruit, have a singular mark or patch on one side, of a russet color, about the size of a Sovereign, whence the name.—Rog. Fr. Cult. 41. 844. SPANIARD. This is a good sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color. It is said to have taken this name from the grafts being at first brought from Spain. it is used for tarts in Cornwall, but is a very indifferent apple to eat raw, and is a shy bearer, It will keep till April—Fors. Treat. 127. 845. SPANISH ONION. This is a handsome round apple, of a russet color, with a dull red towards the sun. This apple which is rather below the middle size, is very good for the dessert, and keeps till March.— Fors. Treat. 128. 846. SPANISH PEARMAIN. This is a middle sized oblong apple, of a carnation color, and dark red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the beginning of May.—Fors. Treat. 127. . 847. SPATBLUHENDE. Synonymes.—Spitbliihender Matapfel ; Mstapfel 4 Fleurs Tardives. A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes; it is of an oblong shape striped with red; and in use during November and December.— HS. C. n, 784. 848, SPENCER’S PIPPIN. A medium sized apple, suitable for dessert use, but more properly for culinary purposes. It isround. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine deep yellow color when ripe, with a slight tinge of red on one side. A good flavored apple; in use from January till May.—Fors. Treat. 128. 849. SPICE REINETTE. This is a handsome apple, below the middle size, red towards the sun, and yellow on the other side.—Fors. Treat. 127. 850. STANDARD. A variety cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is a most excellent bearer, and bears young ; fruit, much esteemed, gets a beautiful golden color, when well ripened; tree, middle sized, “with very black wood, woolly leaves, and extreemly thick bark ; a rare variety.—M. C. A. 8. iv. 472. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 273 851. STIRLING CASTLE. A large Scotch apple, raised near Stirling; of first-rate quality as a culinary apple. It is in use from November till December.—Laws. Cat. 852. STONYROYD PIPPIN. A Yorkshire apple, raised in the garden of Mrs. Rawson, of Halifax, from the seed of an imported American variety, and first exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, in 1822. It is roundish, of medium size, and yellow color. It is of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or dessert apple, and in use from January till April... S. C. n. 805. 853. STOUP LEADINGTON. A large Scotch culinary apple, of good quality; it is of an oblong shape, skin yellowish-green, and in use from September till November. H. S.C. p. 28. 854. STRAAT. This is an autumn fruit. It is stated to be tender, juicy, well flavored, and according to Mr. Buel, in excellence, it is not surpassed by any fruit in its season ; a native of America.—Ken. Amer. Or. 39. 855. STRIPED NONPAREIL. RUSSET. This is a handsome apple, of a greenish-russet color, with a little brownish-red towards the sun. It is about the size of a large Nonpareil, is ripe in January, and keeps till March.—Fors. Treat. 127. 856. STRODE-HOUSE PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of a roundish shape, yellow color, and ripe in November.—Z. S. C. n. 806. 857. STUBTON NONPAREIL. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish-s h“'/ and greenish-yellow color; rich and sugary flavor, and ripe from Janu till March.—H. S. C. n. 483. 858. SUDBURY BEAUTY. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape skin, a yellow color; in use from October till January.—H. S. C. n. 809, 859. SUMMER GILLIFLOWER. Synonymes.—Summer July Flower ; Russian. A large dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish T 274 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. shape, striped with red, and comes into use in September. The tree is a great bearer.—H. S. C. n. 268. ¥ 860. SUMMER HEDGING. A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and red color.—H. S.C, n. 812. 861. SUMMER MARIGOLD. It is a handsome fruit, and a great favorite in the West of England, particularly in South Devon. Rather larger than the Golden Pippin, it is of a fine light red, with deeper streaks of the same color, on the sun side. The flesh is breaking, and the juice pleasant, and abundant. It is a prolific bearer, and makes a fine orchard standard tree of the third class, but will bear well in any way. Ripens in the end of August. Rog. Fr. Cult. 31. 862. SUMMER QUEEN. A medium sized American apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for culinary purposes. It is of a roundish shape; skin, pale yellow on the shaded side, and red striped towards the sun; ripe during August and September.—Down. Fr. Amer. 77. 863. SUMMER ROSE. Synonrme.—Woolman’s Harvest. A small apple, of second-rate quality, properly speaking a culinary apple, but suitable also for dessert use; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and ripe in August.—Down. Fr. Amer. 77. An American variety. 864. SUMMER STIBBERT. Synonymes.-—Summer Queening, of some. Avant Tout Hative. A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality; of a conical shape, yellow color, and ripe in August. The tree is a good bearer.— A S.C. p. 42. 865. SUMMER SWEET PARADISE. A Pennsylvania fruit, sent to us by J. B. Garber, Esq., a zealous fruit grower of Columbia, in that state. It is a large, fair, sweet apple, and is certainly one of the finest of its class, for the dessert. The tree is an abundant bearer, begins to bear while young, and is highly deserving general cultivation. It has no affinity to the paradise apple used for stocks. Fruit, quite large, round and regular in its form, a little flattened at both ends. Skin, rather thick, pale green, sometimes faintly tinged with yellow in the sun, and very distinctly marked with numerous, large, THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. Q275 dark grey dots. Stalk, strong, set in an even and moderately deep cavity. Flesh, tender, crisp, very juicy, with a sweet, rich, aromatic flavor. Ripe in August and September.—Down. Fr. Amer. 96. 866. SUSSEX. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate shape, pale green color, with red towards the sun, and ripe in Novem- ber.—H. S.C. p. 42. 867. SUSSEX SCARLET PEARMAIN. A medium sized dessert apple ; of pearmain shape, red color; and in use from December till March.—_H. 8. C. n. 560. 868. SWAAR. This is a truly noble American fruit, produced by the Dutch settlers on the Hudson, near Esopus, and so termed from its unusual weight, this word in low Dutch, meaning heavy. It requires a deep, rich sandy loam, to bring it to perfection, and in its native soils, we have seen it twelve inches in circumference, and of a deep golden yellow color. It is one of the finest flavored apples in America, and deserves extensive cultivation in all favorable positions, though it does not succeed well in damp cold soils.— Down. Fr. Amer. 134. 869. SWEDISH EARLY SAUCE. A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni- cal shape, striped with red, and ripe in August.—H. S. C. n. 817. 870. SWEET LADING. A Sussex eider apple, of medium size and good quality; it is of an oblate shape, striped with red; and is in use in November.—ZH. 8. Cc. p. 43. 871. SWEET LITTLE WILDING. A small cider apple-—H. S. C. p. 43. 872. SWEET PINTSTOUP. A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a good bearer, but not common—WM. C. H. S. iv. 472. 873. SWEET PIPPIN. A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during October and November.—-H. S. C. n. 818. ‘4 r 276 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 874. SWEET RUSSET. A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. C. H. S. iv. 473. 875. SWEETING RUSSET. A medium sized apple for kitchen use; it is of a roundish shape, russet color, and in use from January till March.—H. S. C. n. 751. 876. SYMONDS’S BRAINTON. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color.— #. §. C.n. 81. 877. SYMONDS’S NONPAREIL. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape; skin, green, covered with russet, and in use in December.— AS. Cn. 485. 878. TANKERTON. A conical-shaped yellow apple, with sometimes a little blush towards the sun. This is an excellent sauce apple, and bakes well. It is of an agreeable taste, but too large for the table. It will keep till February.—Fors. Treat. 128. 879. TANKERVILLE. A small apple of inferior quality; it is of a roundish shape, striped with red, and is ripe in September.— ZH. S. C. p. 43. 880. TETOFSKY. A handsome medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an oblong figure; skin, striped with red, ripe in August and September.—H. S. C. n. 828. 881. TEWKESBURY WINTER BUSH. An American apple, described by Coxe. He says it was brought from Tewksbury, Hunterdon County, N. J. It is a handsome fair fruit, with more flavor and juiceness than is usual in long keeping apples. They may be kept till August without particular care, quite plump and sound. The size is small, rather flat. The skin, smooth, yellow, with a red cheek. Flesh, yellow. The tree grows rapidly and straight, and the fruit hangs till late in the autumn. January to July—Down Fr. Amer. 140. 882. THICKSET. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an un- eommonly great bearer, and the fruit of good quality—WM. C. H. 8S. iv. 474. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES, Q77 883. THORESBY SEEDLING. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a pearmain shape, red color, and in use from January till April—Z. S. C. n. 831. 884. TOM POTTER. A much esteemed Devonshire apple, of middle size, contracted about the eye, which is in a small cavity, and surrounded by wrinkles; the ground color yellow, richly striped and blotched with bright red. It is a juicy, high flavored table apple, ripe in September and October. A healthy growing tree, but rather uncertain in bearing.—Ron. Pyr. Mal. 37, pl. xix. f. 2. 885. TOTTENHAM PARK CODLIN. The fruit is tall, generally square, with a large eye, in a deep cavity, and flattened at the base. Its color, is dull green. The flesh firm, and juicy, and when dressed, is very soft and high flavored. The tree is healthy, and a great bearer.—Hort. Trans. ili. 328. 886. TRANSPARENT DE ZURICH. A medium sized cider apple, of conical shape, pale yellow color, and in use during September and October. The tree is a good bearer.— HT, S.C. n. 836. 887. TRAVELLER. A medium sized dessert apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate shape; skin, striped with red, and in use from November till Febuary.— HS. C. p. 44. 888. TRAVELLING QUEEN. A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; roundish shape; skin, striped with red; and in use from November till January.—H. S.C. p. 44. 889. TREVOIDER REINETTE. This is a small, handsome, russet-colored apple, of an excellent flavor ; and will keep till May.—Fors. Treat. 128. 890. TULIP WINE. A Carse of Gowrie apple; inferior in quality to the Green Wine.— M. C. HH. S. iv. 474. 891. TURPIN. A medium sized apple, for kitchen use, it is of an ovate shape, yellow color ; and in use from November till May.—H. S. C. n. 842. 278 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 892. TWICKENHAM. A large kitchen apple; of broad conical shape, striped with red, and in use from September till October.—H. S. C. n. 848. 893. TWIN WINE. A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is a good bearer, the fruit very beautiful, and sometimes twined together... C. H. 8. iv. 474, 894. TWO YEARLING. A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and keeps from May till July—H. S. C. p. 44. 895. UNDERLEAF. A medium sized cider apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun; and in use in December.—H. S. C. p. 44. 896. VALLEYFIELD PIPPIN. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is of an oblate shape, green on the shaded side, red, towards the sun; and ripe in September. The tree is a good bearer.—H. S. C. n. 844. 897. VAN PIPPIN. This is a small, round apple, finely colored with red and yellow; the pulp is sweet, juicy, and agreeable. The wood of the tree is weak, but it is hardy, and bears well.—Fors. Treat. 200. s98. VANDERVERE. SynonyME.—Stalcubs, The Vandervere, when in perfection, is one of the.most beautiful and finest apples. But it requires a rich, light, sandy soil, as in a damp heavy soil, it is almost always liable to be spotted, unfair, and destitute of flavor. It is a native of Wilmington, Delaware, and took its name from a family there. It is a fine old variety, and is highly worthy of extensive cultivation, where the soil is favorable. Fruit, of medium size, flat. Skin, in its ground color, yellow, streaked and stained with clouded red, but on the sunny side, deepening into rich red, dotted with light grey specks. Stalk, short, inserted in a smooth, rather wide cavity. Calyx, small, closed, set in a regular, well fornied, basin, of moderate depth. Flesh, yellow, crisp, and tender, with a rich and sprightly juice. October to January.— Down. Fr. Amer. 142. Such is the character of this apple in its native country ; but on this side of the Atlantic, it ranks only as a second-rate fruit. If however, it were grown ina favorable situation as indicated above, it might be brought to a greater degree of perfection. H. : THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 279 899. WACKS APFEL. A medium sized cider apple, of oblong shape, pale yellow color, and in use from October till December.—H. 8 .C. n. 851. This cannot be the Wacksapfel of Diel, which is flat. 900. WALLACE WIGHT. A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie; but rare, the fruit is of good quality, and keeps well... C. H. S. iv. 472. 901. WARD APPLE. This is a beautiful flat shaped apple, rather below the middle size, of a fine red towards the eye, and of a yellowish-green towards the footstalk. It is a sharp flavored fruit, and keeps till June.—Fors. Treat. 129. 902. WEISSE ANTILLISCHE WINTER REINETTE. A large, beautiful, and excellent German dessert apple. It is of a calville shape ; the skin is tender, of a fine lemon color when at maturity, and with a slight blush of red on one side; the flesh is yellowish, fine, firm, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It ripens in December, and keeps till March.—Diel. 903. WEISSE ITALIANISCHE ROSMARINAPFEL. An Italian dessert apple, much cultivated in Southern Germany. It is pearmain shaped ; the skin is smooth, shining, and of a fine waxen yellow color, with pale red, and a few stripes on one side; the flesh is white, tender, and juicy, and of a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It ripens in December.—Diel. 904. WEISSE WACKS REINETTE. Synonyrmes.—Weisse Sommer Reinette ; Reinette d’Eté Blanche. One of the most beautiful, and really splendid September apples, very refreshing for dessert use, and as a cider fruit must be considered of the greatest value. Its form is frequently somewhat oblong, and also roundish and flattened. It is three inches and a quarter broad, and about a quarter of an inch less in height. The skin, is fine, some- what unctuous when handled, at first of a pale clear yellow, which changes by keeping to a very beautiful pure waxen, and shining lemon- yellow, faintly washed with a clear, delightful red, on the exposed side only. Eye, half open, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, very short, sometimes only a small fleshy knob, inserted in a wide, deep, and funnel-shaped cavity, lined with russet. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, marrowy, and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, very agreeable, refreshing, somewhat aromatic flavor. Ripens in September, and is in greatest perfection in October.—Diel Kernobst. vii. 137. 280 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 905. WELLBANK’S CONSTANT BEARER. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; its shape is roundish-ovate, skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun, in use from November till January.—H. S. C. p. 44. 906. WETHERELL’S WHITE SWEETING. A medium sized sweet cider apple ; of roundish shape, yellow color ; and in use in September.—H. S. C. p. 45. 907. WHERNEL’S PIPPIN. A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality; it is of a pearmain shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March.— H.S. Cin. 859. 908. WHITE BOGMILN. A Scotch apple, grown in the Carse of Gowrie. It is a rare sort, large, and of fair quality.—J. C. H. S. iv. 478. 909. WHITE COURT-PENDU. This is a middle sized long shaped apple, of a yellowish color. It is a good eating apple, and ripens in January.—Fors. Treat. 129. 910. WHITE CROFTON. This apple which ripens about the end of August, or beginning of September, was one of a large collection brought from Ireland, by the late Sir Evan Nepean, and was worked with others in the Fulham. nursery. The fruit is rather under the middle size, the color light green, flesh, melting, juice, abundant, but not very rich. It may be called a good second-rate fruit; it is an excellent bearer, and well wérth the attention of market-gardeners. Its stiff upright growth renders it eligible for the grass orchard, where it would rank asa second- rate tree.—og. Fr. Cult. 35. 911. WHITE EASTER. A medium sized culinary apple, of pearmain shape, pale yellow color, and in use from January till April—H. S. C. n. 860. 912. WHITE FULWOOD. A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The fruit is of a most excellent quality, especially the colored variety ; keeps well; tree middle sized, with a large leaf; sometimes the points of the branches die; bears steadily fair crops, but not heavy loads.— M. C. . S. iy. 471. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 281 918. WHITE LEAF. A large kitchen apple, round, and very much flattened, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun.—H. S. C. p. 45. 914. WHITE MUST. This is a middle sized handsome apple, of a greenish-yellow color, with a little red towards the sun ; the flavor is rather tart but agreeable, It is ripe in January.—ors. Treat. 129. 915. WHITE NONPAREIL. A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish shape; the skin pale green, covered with russet. In use in December. H. 8S. C. n. 488. 916. WHITE RUSSET. Fruit, large, about two inches and three quarters from the eye to the stalk, and three inches in its transverse diameter near the stalk; sides angular; color, a yellowish-green, intermixed with white, marked with light red to the sun, and russeted from it; stalk, short; eye, wrinkled ; richly flavored, but apt to grow mealy when too ripe. In use during October and November.—Hort. Trans. iii. 454. 917. WHITE SEAL. A large apple for culinary purposes; of an oblong shape; pale yellow color; of little value and ripe in September.—Z. S. C. p. 45. 918. WHITE STYRE. A small cider apple, of first-rate quality; it is of a roundish-shape ; and pale yellow color.—H. S. C. n. 801. 919. WHITE WINE. A Scotch apple; the tree a good bearer.—M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 920. WICKHAM’S DEUX ANS. A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality; the shape is roundish; the skin greenish-yellow, on the shaded side, and red towards the sun; it is in use from January till May— HZ. S. C. p. 12. 921. WILLIAM. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality as a dessert apple, and suitable also for cider ; the shape is oblate; skin, yellow; in use from November till January.—H. S. C. p. 45. 282 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 922. WILLIAMS’S FAVORITE. A large and handsome dessert apple, worthy of a place in every garden. It originated at Roxbury, near Boston, U.S., bears abundantly, and ripens from the last of July to the first of September. Fruit, of medium size, oblong, and a little one-sided. Stalk, an inch long, slender, slightly sunk. Calyx, closed, in a narrow angular basin. Skin, very smooth, of a light red ground, but nearly covered with a fine dark red. Flesh, yellowish-white, and of a very mild and agreeable flavor.—Down. Fr. Amer. 79. 923. WILLIAMS’S PIPPIN. This is a conical-shaped apple, with a hollow eye, and short stalk, of a pale yellow color, with a little red next the sun; the flesh, is pale yellow, soft and tender. It bakes and roasts well, and will keep till Christmas.—Fors. Treat. 130. 924. WILTSHIRE CATSHEAD. This is a large handsome apple, red towards the sun, and green on the other side. It is a very fine baking apple, and of a good flavor. It is ripe in January.—Fors. Treat. 130. 925. WINDHAM’S SEEDLING. A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen use ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till December.—H. S. C. n. 867. 926. WINE. A medium sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use in December.—Z. S. C. n. 868. 927. WINE RUSSET. This is a middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a dark russet color, and sharp flavor, it keeps till the latter end of April.— Fors. Treat. 130. 628. WINTER COURT-PENDU. A Scotch apple. Fruit, of good quality, and very handsome; tree bears well, and is of middle size—M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 929. WINTER POMEROY. This is a pretty large, conical-shaped apple, of a dark green color, a little streaked with red, towards the sun. The coat is rather rough, It is a good baking apple, and keeps till January.—Fors. Treat. 130. THE APPLE.—ITS VARIETIES. 283° 930. WINTER RUBY. A Scotch apple. The tree bears well, but is not common—J. C. H. S. iv. 474. 931. WINTER SCARLET. A Scotch apple ; tree a good bearer ; fruit keeps well; not common.— M. C. A. S. iv. 478. 932. WINTER STRAWBERRY. This variety is above the middle size, of a globular shape, plaited about the eye, which, as well as the stalk, is very little depressed ; straw color, richly striped with scarlet. It is a good winter apple, of a pleasant sub-acid flavor.—Hon. Pyr. Mal. 59, pl. xxx. f. 3. 933. WINTER WARDEN. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality; suitable for culinary purposes. It is of a roundish shape; skin, striped with red, and russety ; in use from December till February.—H. S. C. p. 45. 934. WITTE WYN. A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, and in use from October till November.—Z. S. C. n. 881. 935. WOOD NYMPH. A very large Scotch apple.—M. C. Hi. S. iv. 472. 936. WOOD’S GREENING. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen use, and also for the dessert ; it is of a conical shape, yellow color, and in use from January till May.—H. S. C. n. 883. 937. WRIGHT’S NONPAREIL. This is a Salopian apple, great bearer, of a good size, and a little flatted. It is a good kitchen apple, and keeps till June. The tree is smaller in size than most other apple trees.—Fors. Treat. 131. 938. YELLOW BUCKLAND. A medium sized culinary apple, of inferior quality, it is of oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March.—Z. S. C. p:. 8. 939. YELLOW BELLE-FLEUR. Synonyme.—Bell Flower; Yellow Bellflower. The Yellow Belle-Fleur, is a large, handsome, and excellent winter 284: BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. apple, every where esteemed in the United States. It is most abundantly seen in the markets of Philadelphia, as it thrives well in the sandy soils of New Jersey. Coxe first described this fruit; the original tree of which grew in Burlington, New Jersey. We follow Thompson in calling it Belle- Fleur, from the beauty of the blossoms, with the class of French apples, to which it belongs. Fruit, very large, oblong, a little irregular, tapering tothe eye. Skin, smooth, pale lemon-yellow, often with a blush next the sun. Stalk, long, and slender, ina deep cavity. Calyx, closed, and set in a rather narrow, plaited basin. Seeds, in a large hollow capsule or core. Flesh, tender, juicy, crisp, with a sprightly sub-acid flavor; before fully ripe, it is considerably acid. November to March. Wood, yellowish, and tree vigorous, with spreading, drooping branches. A regular and excellent bearer, and worthy of a place in every orchard—Down. Fr. Amer. 100. 940. YOUNG’S SEEDLING. A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen purposes, and useful also in the dessert; the shape is roundish; skin, green on the shaded side, and red on the other; in use from January till June.—Z. S. C. n. 888. 941. ZIMMT REINETTE. Synonymes.—Zimmtfarbige Reinette ; Kaneel Renet. A medium sized dessert apple, of good quality; round, handsome, and regularly shaped, the skin is greenish yellow, very much covered with cinnamon-colored russet, the flesh is yellowish-white, fine, juicy, rich, sugary, vinous, and aromatic; ripe in December, and continues till May. 942. ZOETE PETER LELY. A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality; the shape is oblate, and the skin is covered with russet ; it isin use from November till February. It is small, but good, with a Russet Nonpareil flavor.—H. S. C. n. 892. wane, THE APPLE.—SELECT VARIETIES. LISTS 285 OF SELECT APPLES. These lists are adapted to various latitudes of Great Britain, and are intended as a guide to the formation of large, or small collections of the most choice and useful varieties. I. SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND. And not extending farther north than the range of Derby. 1. suMMER A. Dessert. Borovitsky Devonshire Quarrenden Early Harvest Irish Peach Joanneting Kerry Pippin King of the Pippins Margaret 2. AUTUMN A. DEssert. Augustus Pearmain Borsdorffer Bowyer’s Russet Breedon Pippin Brookes’s Broughton Colonel Vaughan’s Cornish Aromatic Downton Pippin Early Nonpareil APPLES. Summer Golden Pippin B. KitcHen. Carlisle Codlin Cole Duchess of Oldenburgh Dutch Codlin Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Springrove Codlin APPLES. Golden Winter Pearmain Moore’s Seedling Proliferous Reinette Ribston Pippin Red Ingestrie Yellow Ingestrie B. Kuitcuen. Biggs’s Nonesuch Catshead Cellini 286 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Emperor Alexander Flower of Kent Gravenstein Golden Noble Gooseberry Apple Harvey Apple 3. A. DESSERT. Adams’s Pearmain Ashmead’s Kernel Baddow Pippin Barcelona Pearmain Barton’s Incomparable Boston Russet Braddick’s Nonpareil Bringewood Claygate Pearmain Cockle Pippin Coe’s Golden Drop Cornish Gilliflower Court of Wick Court-pendu Plat Dutch Mignonne Golden Harvey Golden Pippin Golden Reinette Hughes’s Golden Pippin Hubbard's Pearmain Lamb Abbey Pearmain Maclean’s Favorite Mannington’s Pearmain Margil Morris’s Nonpareil Russet Morris’s Russet Nonpareil Ord’s Apple Pearson’s Plate Pinner Seedling Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance Hawthornden Kentish Fill-basket Mére de Ménage Waltham Abbey Seedling Wormsley Pippin WINTER APPLES. Pitmaston Nonpareil Ross Nonpareil Russet Table Pearmain Sam Young Sturmer Pippin Sykehouse Russet Wyken Pippin B. KircHen Alfriston Baxter’s Pearmain Beauty of Kent Bedfordshire Foundling Blenheim Pippin Devonshire Buckland Dumelow’s Seedling Grange’s Pearmain Hambledon Deux Ans Hanwell Souring Mitchelson’s Seedling Norfolk Beefing Norfolk Stone Pippin Northern Greening Reinette Blanche d’Espagne Rhode Island Greening Round Winter Nonesuch Royal Pearmain Royal Russet Striped Beefing Winter Majetin Winter Pearmain Il. NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND. 1. A. DeEssERT. Devonshire Quarrenden Early Harvest Trish Peach Joanneting Kerry Pippin Margaret Oslin SUMMER APPLES. Whorle B. Karcaen. Carlisle Codlin Dutch Codlin Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Nonesuch Springrove Codlin THE APPLE.—SELECT VARIETIES. 287 2. AUTUMN APPLES. A. Dessmrv. Borsdorffer Downton Early Nonpareil Franklin’s Golden Pippin Golden Monday Golden Winter Pearmain Red Ingestrie Ribston Pippin Summer Pearmain Wormsley Pippin 3. WINTER A. Dessert. Acklam’s Russet Adams’s Pearmain Barcelona Pearmain Bess Pool Braddick’s Nonpareil Baxter’s Pearmain Claygate Pearmain Cockle Pippin Court of Wick Court-pendu Plat Golden Pippin Golden Reinette Margil Nonpareil Pitmaston Nonpareil Royal Pearmain Yellow Ingestrie B. Kircuen. Cellini Emperor Alexander Greenup’s Pippin Hawthornden Melrose Mere de Ménage Nelson Codlin APPLES. Scarlet Nonpareil Sturmer Pippin Sykehouse Russet. B. Kircuen. Alfriston Bedfordshire Foundling Blenheim Pippin Dumelow’s Seedling Holland Pippin Hutton Square Mere de Ménage Northern Greening Round Winter Nonesuch Sleeping Beauty Yorkshire Greening Ill. BORDER COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. And the warm, and sheltered situations in other parts of Scotland. 1. SUMMER AND AUTUMN APPLES. A. Dessert. Blenheim Pippin Cambusnethan Pippin Devonshire Quarrenden Greenup’s Pippin Grey Leadington Irish Peach Kerry Pippin Margaret Oslin Ravelston Pippin Red Ingestrie Summer Pearmain Summer Strawberry Tam Montgomery White Paradise Whorle 288 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Wormsley Pippin Yellow Ingestrie B. KuitcHen. Carlisle Codlin Dutch Codlin Early Julian Hawthornden Hill’s Seedling Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Melrose Springrove Codlin Tarvey Codlin. 2. WINTER APPLES. These marked * require a Wall. A. DESSERT Balmanno Pippin * Barcelona Pearmain * Braddick’s Nonpareil Baxter’s Pearmain Bogmiln Favorite Contin Reinette * Court of Wick Doonside Gogar Pippin * Golden Pippin Green Langlast * Margil * Nonpareil * Pearson’s Plate Pitmaston Nonpareil Pow Captain * Ribston Pippin IV. NORTHERN PARTS * Scarlet Nonpareil * Sturmer Pippin B. KatcHen. Bedfordshire Foundling Brabant Bellefleur Dumelow’s Seedling Green Virgin Pile’s Russet Red Fulwood Royal Russet Rymer Sir Walter Blackett’s Favorite Tower of Glammis Waltham Abbey Seedling Winter Strawberry White Fulwood OF SCOTLAND. And other exposed situations. 1. SUMMER AND AUTUMN APPLES. A. Dessert. Devonshire Quarrenden Kerry Pippin Nonesuch Summer Leadington Summer Queening Summer Strawberry Sweet Topaz B. KurcHen. Carlisle Codlin Hawthornden Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Tarvey Codlin 2. WINTER APPLES. A. DeEssErrt. Contin Reinette Coul Blush Fulwood Grey Leadington Gogar Pippin Kerkan Pow Captain Winter Strawberry B. Kircuen. Carlisle Codlin Kinellan Tower of Glammis Yorkshire Greening Winter Greening THE APPLE.—SELECT VARIETIES. 289 V. FOR ESPALIERS OR DWARFS. These succeed well when grafted on the paradise or doucin stock. Adams’s Pearmain Ashmead’s Kernel Barcelona Pearmain Braddick’s Nonpareil Boston Russet Breedon Pippin Bringewood Pippin Christie’s Pippin Claygate Pearmain Coe’s Golden Drop Cornish Giltiflower Court of Wick Court-pendu Plat Downton Pippin Dutch Mignonne Early Harvest Early Nonpareil Franklin’s Golden Pippin Golden Harvey Golden Pippin Golden Reinette Hawthornden Hubbard’s Pearmain Joanneting Kerry Pippin Keswick Codlin Manks Codlin Margaret Margil Nonpareil Oslin Padley’s Pippin Pearson’s Plate Robinson’s Pippin Scarlet Pearmain Sturmer Pippin Summer Golden Pippin Summer Pearmain Taunton Golden Pippin Wyken Pippin VI. FOR ORCHARD PLANTING, AS STANDARDS. These are generally strong-growing and productive varieties, the fruit of which being mostly of a large size, and attractive appearance, they are on that account, well calculated for market supplies. Adams’s Pearmain Alfriston Barcelona Pearmain Beauty of Kent Bedfordshire Foundling Bess Pool Blenheim Pippin Brabant Belle-Fleur Broadend Catshead Cellini Cobham Devonshire Quarrenden Duchess of Oldenburgh Dumelow’s Seedling Emperor Alexander Flower of Kent Gloria Mundi Golden Noble Golden Winter Pearmain Gooseberry Grange’s Pearmain Gravenstein Hanwell Souring Harvey Apple Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance Hawthornden Hollandbury Holland Pippin Kentish Fill-basket Keswick Codlin Lemon Pippin London Pippin Margaret Manks Codlin Melrose Mére de Ménage Mitchelson’s Seedling Nelson Codlin Northern Greening Reinette de Canada Round Winter Nonesuch Royal Pearmain Royal Russet Rymer Selwood’s Reinette Striped Beeting Toker’s Incomparable Tower of Glammis Waltham Abbey Seedling Winter Pearmain Worsley Pippin Yorkshire Greening 290 Alban Bennet Apple Best Bache Brainton Seedling Brierly’s Seedling Bringewood Bovey Red Streak Cadbury Coccagee Cowarne Red ; Devonshire Red Streak Devonshire Wilding Downton Pippin Dymmock Red Forge Forest Styre Foxley Fox-Whelp Friar Garter Golden Harvey Golden Pippin Golden Worcester BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. CIDER APPLES. Grange Hagloe Crab Hogshead Isle of Wight Pippin Kingston Black Minchall Crab Monkton Pawsan Red Ingestrie Red-Must Red-Streak Royal Wilding Siberian Bitter Sweet Siberian Harvey Sops in Wine Stead’s Kernel Sweet Lading Winter Lading Winter Pearmain Woodcock Yellow Elliot Yellow Ingestrie INDEX TO BRITISH POMOLOGY, THE APPLE, THE NAMES PRINTED IN ITALICS ARE SYNONYMES. Achmore... Sidamenlisiooeern cena? ‘Adam’s App le se 3 Admirable, Kirke’s Scarlet... Alban . ve a ‘Alexander .. see Alfriston .. American, Priestley’s Ss. D’ Angloise ... se ANS re cwex- sacs Annaberger .. Api . oe Apfel “Kleine saa oppeller . Der Binfuche Etoillé.. sae Gelber Sternformiger ss Grand.. oe Gros .. Grosser .. Noir.. Panachée .. Petit .. Roesje .. ie Rose ... Rouge .. 3s Rouge, Petit... Schwazer.. Der Welsche L’ Api... jae Aporta... a ‘Naliva.. keptipe ge meni cenuvels Page. 214 214 110 215 77 21 260 169 Appiana ........ Appius Claudius. Arabian Apple .... Arley... cs ‘Aromatic, ‘Cornish eg trey ns Ashby Seedling .. D’Astems .......... Astrachan Red . White . Atkin’s Seedling .... August Apfel .......... Aunt’s Apple.. Aurore.. ‘Autumn, Kenrick’s Kenrich’s Red Avant Tout Hative.. Bains’s . Balderstone Seedling .. “ Baldwin .......... Red .. Baltimore.. Baltimore..... Bank Apple .. Bardin.......+..+ Barrossa .. Bath........... Baudrons..... Bay Apple ... Bayford ...... Bayfordbury . Beachamwell Seedling . ' Page, 24 23 155 211 60 260 215 215 163 202 214 153 216 98 244 244 274 216 216 29 29 22 91 29 83 219 216 216 69 95 95 32 32 292 Beau Rouge... Beaufin, Catshead .. vorfolk..... Striped .. Beaufinette .. Beauty of Kent... Beauty of Newark, ‘Smiths. Beauty of Wilts, Dredge’s... Bedfordshire pees iad Beefin Norfolk... ee Beefing Norfolk .. Striped ..... Belle Anglaise Belle Bonne .. Boon, Winter. and. Bonne, Winter .. and Bon, Winter . Dubois... coccscwavanises Fille... Grideline ... Grisdeline .. Hervy ....... Joséphine ... Bellefleur, Brabant. . Brabansche . i eniitae's Kleine Brabansche ...... Wel OW srsacaauinaviencaayen Belledge .. Bell's ‘Scarlet .. Benlomond ...... Bennet Apple... Benwell’s Large Benzler ..:+:+: Bess Pool Best Bache.... Best Pool... Betsey .. Bitter- Sweet, ‘Siberian - Black American .. Annette ... Apple ..... Bess .......-- Blanc d@ Espagne Blanche de Letpsic .. Bland’s Jubilee Jubilee Rose © Pip. Blandilalie .........- Blenheim . ef Blenheim Crange cr Blood Royal ......... Bidickhheimer ......... Bogmiln Favorite White . ee Bohnapfel, Grosse ‘Rheinischer cy Bollenapfel .. Bae Bonne Rouge .. sis de Mai... Bonner .. ss Bonnet Carré . Bonnie Bride . Boomrey ....... Borovitsky . as Borsdoff cscswigascrdss coo 0h Han a8 Page. 110 146 146 188 217 32 271 107 34 146 146 188 217 34 34 34 34 OL 169 35 35 217 91 42 42 42 283 34 179 217 35 217 217 36 36 36 37 183 218 218 199 218 166 40 38 38 108 38 38 218 266 218 280 238 23 110 69 218 48 219 219 40 40 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Borsdorfer, Edel Winter .........++. Borsdorflen.vcas sexs ge sicgviversesos coe 00e Black . Pi Grand "Bohemian Se cs Red . cada taney Winter .. Borstorf .. Borstorff Hitive.. a a longue queue : Borstorffer, Edler Winter . Bossom .. Bough, Early .. Large Early "Yellow . Large Yellow Sweet.. Tart .. Bourassa... Brainge ....... Brainton, Symonds’ 3. Brandy Apple... Braune Mal .. Braunschweiger “Milch .. Bread and Cheese Apple . ss Brickley Seedling ... Bridget, Scotch ..... Broad-End .............. Broading .. Kentish . Winter ... Brookes’s . Broughton .. sate Brown Kenting . Brownite.. , Buckland, Devonshire - a Yellow ........ Bucks aes de Buffeoat . Bur-Knot.. os Burn’s Seedling .. Burr Apple... Burr Knot .... Burrell’s Red ... Bursdoff ... Burton Seedling... Busham .......... Butter’s .... Calander.. Caldwell .. Calleville @ Automne . Blane ...... @Eté..... @ESsté .... Tae eis Calville .. Calville Haoute 3 siete Aechter Rother ‘Winter ead @’ Angleterre nalstonheshantey @ Angleterre ... PAUTOMNE 60... cee eee ee INDEX. : Page. Calville Autumn... cece 50 Autumn Red. 50 Blane scssse0 x: 48 Blane .... vee 48 Blanche...........- ve 48 Blanche @ Cétes .... » 48 Blanche @Eté ...... sae 48 Blanche d’Hiver ... 48 Eee ae 231 VE .. 50 Rouge @Hiver 51 Malingre ... 49 Musquée .. 51 Vormande.... 49 ‘Normédnnische Rothe Winter 49 Plané ace ad Ete .. 50 Red .. idue. | 0. Red... 51 Red... 199 Red ‘Autumn. oe 50 Rode Herfst .. 50 Rode Somer ... 50 Rode Winter... 51 Rothe Herbst .. 50 Rothe Winter .... 51 Rother Sommer.. 50 Rouge . aivaenamie: 451 Bsiige a’ Automne ascveaed 50 Rouge Couronné .. 51 Rouge dedans et dehors .. 51 Rouge @ Eté .......... 50 Rouge d’Hiver.. ase DT Rouge longue a’ Hiver ...... 51 Rouge de Micoud . - 51 Rouge de la Normandie. 49 Royale @ Eté.. saninne 200 Royale @ Hiver .. sisve 51 Sanguinole 51 dit iol 51 Tardive.. 3 48 Wahrer Weisser ‘Sommer... 48 Weisser Winter ............. 48 White . tmegwosacgoe AB White .. ieyoe 48 White Wahine ade 48 White Winter... Stine, AS Winter Red ........00.00200 51 Winter White .. seen 48 Caillot Rosat .. seats 51 Cambour . 162 Campfield ... ass 221 Camuesar........00-06+5 166 De Canada............ 167 La Canelle ....... 234 Caracter Apfel .... 83 Carel’s Seedling .... 157 Carnation waa D2 Carolin’: caracanancanpedaiiansuncta® 52 Carpendy... 83 Carpentin 167 Carse of Gowrie... 196 Late. 196 Carthouse..... 235 Catline.. of Maryland .. Cat’s Head .. Catshead .. ‘ Round .. asin Wiltshire . Cellini . Chalmers’ s Large. Chance.. Charles's “Apple... Charmant Blanc.. Chataignier. . Chaudiére .. Cherry ‘Apple. Chuchet Egg ...... Cierge @Hiver .. Citron ........ Citron des Carn mes . Claret ...........- Claudiana ... Clepington ........ Clouded Scarlet. Cluster Apple ..... Coates’s .......... Cobham ... Coccagee.. oe sis Cockpit .. Codlin . Codlin, Betley.. - Carlisle . Clarke’s .... Common .... Dutch....... English . French .. Green.... Trish ..... Kentish .... Keswick.... Kilkenny .. Knight's .... Manks .... Nelson....... Nelson’s ....... Old eet es Springrove... Tarvey ..... bi Tottenham Park es Transparent .. White......... Winter ..... Cour de Pigeon ...... Cole.. a Collin’s ; Keeper... Colman, Norfolk .. Summer .. Winter .. ‘ Colonel Vaughan’ 3 anheseaieays Compéte . saipiesietcre guieins Opens “Ancien . des enone 294 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Page. Conquest de Wigers .. ditestant 223. Constant nati Wellbank’s caat 280 Cordwall .. ee coranmnnes LET Corianda Rose... 62 64 Corse’s Favorite.. 224 eoeonpaing chess 224 Cos .. : 224 Costard .. 61 Royal .. 267 Coul Blush .. 62 Coulthard ..... 61 Court-pendi. 65 64 Court-pendi..... 83 Gris. seb 83 Petit Gris iS. 83 Rosaar ..... 64 Rouge ..... 64 Court-pendu musquée . 64 Dorée . 98 Noir .. 224. Plat . 64 Plat Rougeatre. ve 64 Rond Gros ......066... 64 Rond Rougeatre........ 64 Rond Trés Gros ...... 64 Rosat . . 64 Rouge .. sae 64 Rouge Musqut. 64 Vermeil........ 64 White ... -. 280 WANT ERS ccsjecsinermiecmensse 282 Court de Wick w......0.ccccsscsseseeeees 63 Court of Wick . neve: (108 Morris’: 3. 139 Cousinotte .... 50 Cow’s Snout . a 224 Cowarne Red . 65 Crab Black....... senna US Brentford, sissscicierssaueiais odapssleviwts 118 DDG elOUa Sc crcaateandasnreriaabiteasss 72 French ..... 206 Hagloe .... 105 Isleworth .. 118 Lancashire.... 137 Lancaster .... 137 Minchall ..,... 137 Mincham’s.... «« AB? Minshul...... wo USF Pitminster. cane SOU Sams’s ...... cent 29) Scudamore’s .......0ccccceeeeeees 164 Creeper .........60005 .. 66 Crofton Early... Raaaebaoiees -. 116 Early White .. sia 280 FROG cis: sccocricaes nah sueaovanssiadee 178 Scarlet viepiee ae WAHT tO h er as dn cnaiemasasgtwune: 280 White Simian. 280 Curtipendula Minora.. 83 Curtis .......... 225 Cyder Sop . 225 Dainty Apple. 110 998 Daisy .. Darling ......::ce verte tire ete tees Decibus ..... Delaware.......-- Deptford Inn ... Derbyshire ... Detroit ......... Black Red .. ‘ Deux Ans, Hambledon. . Hunt’s. vs Somersetshire. Wickham’s.. Devon, Royal.............- Diepe Kopyis sitiearnwaie’ Docker’s cee Doctor .. sodusieanie Dolgoi Suoznet Domine... Dominiska : Doonside.. Douce de Bolwiller . Doyenné.. agit Downy... Drap Or .. Drap @’Or .... Drap @Or ....... Vra Duce @ Arsel... Duchess of Oldenburgh .. 2 York’s Favorite Du CRS BU s reomsts on seoas alas beacon New ... Duif Apfel .. Duke of Gloucester, ‘Hunt’s........ Wellington ........... York, Newbold’s Dumelow’s Seedling ........ Dumpling, Lord Bateman’s.. Minier’s . Watson’s.. Duncan . Dundee.. Dutch Mignonne Minion.. Dymmock Red . ‘ Early Harvest .............. Prince’s .. JOG: iccnrerauiareectonivoacs Marrow .... New York .. Red . Sauce, ‘Swedish . East Grinstead . Easter, White . Echapfel .......... Edel Konig... #8 eee Cluster. Ekapfel Rother .. Ekhling w...0.000+ Eleot .. Eliot .. Elizabeth 248 137 201 73 98 74 74 230 75 75 230 230 230 230 275 201 280 48 231 231 203 51 48 212 212 98 Elliot, Yellow. ........00..ccceceeeces Embroidered Apple ... Emperor Alexander .. Epse’s Sweet .. a Erdbeer-ap fel, Rothe Sommer... Rother Strich.. | Rpticerenap fil Sommer........ Weisser... D Espagne .evcccecn ccc DUE ss cencenaiss Eve .. Eve. Everlasting ... : Green... Striped . ee Extreme, Wheeler’s ..... Eyelet, Green.. : Yellow... Wishford, L, Dredge’s Fallawater . ; Famagsta .. Fame .... Dredge’ Stsees Shepherds Fameuse ............. La Fumeuse.. Faros .. esis Gros eaves Fenchelapfe Graue .. “ Grauer .. Rothe.. Fenellet... suns Fenouillet . Fenouillet Gris sve Gros .. Jaune. DOr Gros .. Petit .. Rouge .. Fillbasket ............ Kentish . Flat Anderson .. Flat-Cap, Surrey %e Fleur de Prairéal .. Fleur de Prairial .. Flower of Kent ....... Forman’s Crew . Foxley... Fox-Whelp... Frank Rambour .. Ganges . 0.0.0.0... INDEX. Page. 212 232 77 226 50 50 50 48 166 131 131 203 232 237 232 202 237 212 162 230 90 230 261 280 90 Garnon’s ......... Garter .. Gelders Present Général .. ate General Wolfe . Gennet, May .. Genneting senna George de Pigeon... Gilliflower .......... Cornish... at Summer . Gilpin .. Ginnetting Glace Rouge . seine de Zélande ... Glammis Castle .... Glasapfel, Berliner... Glasbury, Norman Gloria Mundi.. ss American Glazenwood .. New York ... Glory, Bachelor’s........... _ Miller’s ....... Glory of Boughton England .... Flanders .... The West.... “The West. York Golden Apple .. Golden Ball . Beauty, ‘Owen's. Devonshire .. Drop ...... Drop, Coe’s. Gloucester . Kentish ... Monday .......... Noble Pippin... Autumn | Balgone .... Bowyer’s .... Cluster... Dredge’s .. 2 Elton .... English ... aa Franklin’s ........ Hampshire Yellow Herefordshire ...... Hughes’s............ Hughes's New...... Kirke’s .0......5000 Knight's .. ie London........ 1000065 Milton ...0... cee New Cluster ........ New Golden........ Od sc insias sia dinates Rival ow. ivceceees 295 Page. 64 90 50 152 234 250 118 82 235 61 273 235 118 30 202 196 266 255 251 236 244 244 95 63 296 Page. Golden Pippin, Rival ............... 215 Rysset ccs 95 Scarlet 269 Screveton ......... 180 Summer Taunton Warter’s .. Vining .. Worcester .. i Wreath, Pitmaston .. 157 Goldzaugapfel........1. 000.6 69 Gooseberry .. 100 Goose-Sauce, "Yorkshire... 213 Gitterapfel .. 229 Gowrie, The 196 Grafensteiner .... 102 Grand Shachem. 236 Grange .........-. 110 Grauch DOUGE: eeesiieeetn ss een 237 Gravenstet ccinciecrscimnstastencrtings 102 Graven Sle 2 102 Gray Apple... 158 Green . ’ 237 Balsam .. 237 Cossings... 17% Dragon .. i 257 Greening, Burlington iS 170 Dickson’s 227 Jersey... 170 Northern. 148 New Northern .. 254 Rhode Istand . 170 Squire’s ..... 187 Winter..... 206 Wood’s 283 Yorkshire ... 213 eer Hargreave 3 ‘ 106 Gregson .. tenis 222 Grise .. 158 Grosse a Angleterre... aigeAce Mea saatnun vied 167 Pomme Noire d’Amerique.... 199 Rouge de papeord Smee 20 Guclden Pippings ... 95 Hall Door.. i 105 Hampshire Yellow .. 99 Harrison .. ee 239 Harvest, Prince's ee 75 Woolman’s ... 274 Harvey Apple....... 106 Doctor .. 106 Golden... 92 Round Russet 92 Siberian .. 183 Hausmiitterchen ... 91 Haute Bonte.. 108 Hawthornden.. 109 New... ae 254 Seacliff .. 270 Winter .. 72 Hawthorndean........... 109 as ed eeeeter aetna 5 109 WI ae restecn tosses titel 109 MAY'S Hartly: ssomsacocssisave 240 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Hedge Apple .........:::::e cece Hedging, Summer. Heidelocher .. Herbststrichapfel.... Rother | Herfst-Present .... Hermannsapfel, Grosser 7 Gestreifer Besant Rothe .. Hichs’s Fancy... Hill’s Seedling... Hinbeerapfel, “Langer ‘Rother. Weisser. Hoare’s Seedling........... Hoary Morning.... Hogshead ......... Hollandbury ... Hollingbury .. Hollow Core .... se Hollow Crown, Little Home’s Large... Hood’s Seedling... Horselin .. 5 Hoskreiger .. TLOWSC eis cvs Grey Hubbard's ...... Hunthouse .... Huntingford ........ Hutchings’s Seedling... Hutchinson’s ee 7 Ice Apple, Russian.. Incomparable .. Barton’s . Lewis’s.. Moss’s ... Toker’s .. Ingestrie, Red ........... Yellow .. Irish Pitcher .. Iron Apple .... Iron Apple.... Ive’s Seedling. Jack Cade ....... Janett, Rawle’s . Janurea .. Jeffreys’s Seedling .. Jeniting Jenneting... Jenneting, Barly. Jenny Sinclair .. JOTSCY oe eee ee Jerusalem..... J ee a Joannina .. John... John ‘Apple. Jonathan.. Jordbaeraeble.. Kantet .. Juliansupfel, ee a Julien, nena sce July-flower .. Page, 240 274 113 152 152 50 109 229 266 76 240 209 48 240 110 240 110 110 111 248 240 112 241 113 241 241 113 115 241 190 242 202 242 31 127 252 196 164 212 131 42 242 242 242 261 167 242 118 118 118 242 242 155 118 118 148 243 243 243 244 July flower, made Summer . June-eating .. American Red... Early Red .. Early Striped... Large White ...... Red . Striped... White .. Juneting ... da Jungfernapfel.. TUNUNG nis vite vessecgonsenanoaveressgapges Kaiser "Alecander Von Russland ... Kaiserheimer ..... aed Kalwil, Rother Herbst... "Rother Winter Weisser Sommer... Weisser Winter ... Kernel, Ashmead’s Bache’s . Dobbs’s . Dr. ‘Ashmead’s .. Dollar’s.. Fletcher’s ... Knotted....... Longville’s Skerm’s....... Stead’s King George .. George the Third . Harry Robert . King, Newark .. Warner’s ....... King of the Pippins .... King of the Pippins Kingston Black ....... Kirschapfel ........ Knight’s Large .. Korpendu, Rode .... Krappe Kruin Krizapfel... Kurzstiel, Rosenfarbiger Rothe .... Lading, Sweet .... Winter | Lady Apple.. .......... Lady de Grey's . Lennox ............ of the Wemyss Lady’s Delight Lady’s Finger Lady's Finger... Lammas ...... Lancashire Gap.. De Lande ........ Langlast, Green.. Red... Large Black Early ....... waite Lasting, Shaiersek jabpetews ompseranien INDEX. Page. 61 | Lawman’s ...... 273 | Leadington, Grey .. 118 Green.. 230 Large....... 132 Monstrous . 132 Scarlet . 75 SUP 132 | Leather Coat . 132 | Lemon Apple.. lig | Lily Buckland.. lig | Little Beauty ..... 23 Herbert 11g | Lock’s Seedling... 77 | Long Bois ....... ecis 247 | Long Keeper, Buchanan’ § 50 51 Laster .......... 48 May 48 Nose ..... 26 Seam ..... 36 | Longstart ..... 228 | Lord Cheney’s Green ... 26 Nelson, Backhouse’s . 228 Kirke’s .... 233 | Lothinger... say 245 | Lucombe’s Seedling .. 129 | Macbeth.............. 271 | Maclean . = 187 | Maclean’s ‘Favorite ‘ 40 | Madeleine ............. 40 | Madeleine site 244 | Metapfel a F leurs Tardive. Ca Seyetaas 244 | Magdalene .......... 244 | Mage’s Johnny .. 254 | Maggie Duncan... 201 | Maiden ....... 123 | Maiden’s Blush . 99 | Majetin, Winter... 123 | Mala Janurea 54. | Malacarle oo... cceccccccccencccuce eves 945 | Mallearle vasccscesvesccietidcvecsnnerssvae 64 | Male Carle. i 245 | Malengre d’ Angleterre 5‘ 246 | Maltster . is 64 | Malus Aegra . 3 64 Apiosa.. 275 | Mammoth...... 207 American.. 23 | Margaret : 120 Early’. 246 Early Red . 246 of Miller.. 124 | Marget-Apple... 124 | Margil........ 203 Marguerite 28 Bo 132 | Marigold, Creed’s 246 Summer _ 247 | Maschanzker ...... 237 | Masters’s Seedling 261 | Mason's Early oo. c ccc eeeee 226 WEG cos oi vin ovteionnriesaiss 75 | Massavis........... Sid 185 | Matapfel..... ec ccccccccccssusceeenes Page* 247 104 237 247 252 178 273 176 247 66 248 248 248 23 220 251 248 203 128 248 128 249 141 123 162 130 249 249 249 130 50 272 132 102 249 249 130 207 167 135 135 135 49 249 49 23 91 91 132 132 132 130 132 133 132 65 274 40 250 250 250 250 266 298 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Page. Matapfel es +. 272 | Nonesuch Park ... Matchless eas : ... 144 | Nonpareil ........--6-8+ Maudlin ............ 132 American Megginch Favorite 98 d Angleterre. . dg Mela Carla.. 135 POOPIE, ancsassccnenmacws Mela di Carlo... sae S85) DBO cg asinine Melo Rosa ... -. 24 Braddick’s Melrose ....... 136 Cornish ... White 136 Ditton ...... Menagére............++ 91 Downton Mére de Ménage oe 137 Barly sicgsaic Mermaid.. 251 English Merveille de Portland . 251 Fair’s ... agi De Miche ........ 251 Plat recnuassiesiviensiesieasicgets Mignonne, Siely’ Ss 184 Formosa . ‘ Milch Apfel ........ 219 Green ... Mitchelson’s Seedling . 138 Golden.. Monkton.. wits 139 Hunts .. Monster, Herefordshire | 240 Hunt’s Royal .. Moore’s Seedling . 139 Eeaey?8 wssvsseiny aoe Morden Bloom ... 252 bat a Round ... 252 Martin.. Striped... 252 New ay Mother Apple 252 New Scarlet. Mother Apple ...... 149 Old 5 sie Motteus's Seeing 32 Original .. ny Mount Stewart . 253 Petworth... aes Moulin 4 Vent . 253 PitmMaston sccveccaise..ycies Mouse Apple .. 253 Pitmaston Russet ...... Murpby .. . 253 ee aus Museau de ‘Liavre . 156 Ross.. Must, Red . 164 Royal . White 281 Russet- Coa ted... My Jo Janet .... .. 254 St, John’s ..... Nanny w.aiesiese ae -. 140 Scarlet...... De Neige.. 141 Stagg’s.... Nelson .. 141 Stubton .... Never Fail .. 133 Summer ... Newark, Harrison's ... 239 Sweeny ... Newington, Shepherd’s. . 270 Symonds’s Newtown Pippin ...... . 143 White: scarss Newtown Pippin.. siege 22 Wright’s ... Lord Gwydy's s... 21} Norfolk Pippin ....... American ......... 143 | Norman, Knotted . ore vies LAD Medea wagner Green.. 170 | Normanton Wonder . Large . .... 143 | Northern Spy.........- Tone Yellow...... 143 | Nottingham Large Yellow...... 212 | Oak Peg...... Yellow ............ 212 | Oaken Pin .. Nine Square ................5 wee, (255: | Oaks: nscosese Noblesse de Gand . 255 | Ochiltree. Nompareil .......++ 145 | Ognon.. ae Nonsuch .........006 144 | Oldaker’s New | Langton . 144 | Old Maia’s. Nonesuch ............. 144 | Oliver’s 1.0.0... ; Biggs’s .... 37 | Onion, Spanish .. Bowes’s 219 | Orack Elma ..... Clifton ...... wwe 82 | Orange. cccesenreves Hampshire ...... seme 1289 Blenheim. .... Hubbardston ............ 241 Isle of Wight.... Round Winter..... ws. 174 | Oranje Appel, Engelse . Watson’s New ......... 205 | Ord’s > Apple aiishemesine arate Or gelitie: isccsus deasestewnatnonnacse lacs Orglon ...... Orjeline Orme ...... Ortley oo... Oslin ........... Scotch .. White .... Osterley Apple Ox Apple........ Pack-Horse .. Painted Lady .. Paradise, Norfolk .... Summer Sweet .. Paris-apfel .. Parmine, Englische Kinigs eke: Scharlachrothe Parmain a’Hiver.. Parmentier.. Pass-pomm, Rothe Sommer... Passe-pomme ..........00 00 Passe-pomme .. d@ Automne .. de Cunada .. Cotellée........ Panachée Rouge .......-.000006. eS diowge d’Automne. ... Passe-rose ....- Paternoster . Paternoster ‘Apfel. 4 Pawsan ....... wea Peach, ‘American a American Oxford Pear Apple....... Pearemuine . # Pearmaine, Great Pearmain.. ase Pearmain, ‘Adams’ 3. American .. American Summer | Arundel Augustus Autumn ..... Barcelona Baxter’s ........ Bell’s Scarlet ..... Benwell’s Blue Bristol... Capper’s ... Chester ... Claygate ........ n Double .. Drue Summer fs Earl of Yarmouth’s ..... Early Summer Federal .......... Foulden oe ae INDEX. Page, 149 149 149 257 210 149 149 149 149 150 91 257 257 147 274 203 48 174 179 208 257 153 155 50 152 175 152 156 153 152 25 Pearmain, Gestreifter Sommer .... Gilliflower ........... Golden .......... Golden Winter . Grange’s. Hammon’s .... Herefordshire .... Hertfordshire ... Hormead....... Hlorrez’s .... Hubbard’s Kernel .. Kilkenny... - Lamb Abbey . ie Laneb Abbey ... Loan’s . nen Mannington’ 8. Merveille Old Panson’s .... cee” Polinia.. Royal . vl de longue cu durée. Ruckman’s ....... Rushock . Russet .. se Russet Table ... Scarlet.. Spanish . Sus Speckled .... Summer ........... Sussex Scarlet .. Vale Mascal ..... WHERE oc sina. gets Wickham’s. Winter ... Peckman.. Pennington’ 8 Seedling Pepind OP sssescerveasaanivsisn Peppeling, Kenings ... Pepping Downton’s ...... Engelsche Goud Engelsche Konings, of Kings .. Englischer Kleiner er Stein Gold ....... Goud ......... Goudelings .. Grauwe, of Blanke Van der Laan Ditle 2.00.4... Marmorirter Sommer sa Rother Kentischer Peppins, Guolden ...... Permanent . g Permein Drué @ Angleterre Permenes .. asieaewpainipaisio’ Peter Lely Zoete ... Petit Jean oo... Petworth Seedling Deeuwsche oe. ecceccececeee 299 Page. 192 235 94 99 101 113 VW74 174 112 87 113 243 122 125 125 127 131 174 208 151 257 152 30 174 174 94 176 113 176 179 272 30 192 275 199 205 205 208 258 154 95 95 68 95 174 147 95 95 95 208 95 250 121 208 95 258 208 208 284 154 258 300 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Page. Page, Phenix Apple.... 77 | Pippin, Darlington .. shinee 226 Pickman....... 258 Dr. Helsham’s 3 . 68 Pigeon.......... 155 Dowell’s €8 Bigarré.... 156 Downton... et 68 Rouge 155 Dredge’s Golden........ 244 Pieeomet sii 156 Duke of Beanfort’s 72 Blanc . 156 Easter .. 206 Blanc d’ Eté nba 156 Edmonton’: s s Aromutic .. 121 Gros de Rouen .. 156 Eldon .......... 231 Pine-Apple .. pian 129 Elford . 77 Lucombe’s 129 Elton ....e.08 68 Pinner Seedling...... 157 Elton Golden .... 68 Pintstoup, Sweet ........ 975 Embroidered .. + 282 Pipe, Englische Gelbe 95 Embroidered .... 83 Pippin, Alderston . 215 Englise... 98 Althorpe ........ccceccueesene, 184 English Golden es 95 American Newtown ........, 143 Essex ....-....2000 80 Arbroath . sivetnnndesecesc RAY, Fall .. 22 Aromatic .. sediainabodeiie 60 Fall...... 166 Autumn Golden. 216 Farleigh .. 81 Baddow ............. 28 Farley .. 81 Balgone .......... 95 Farthing’s . me 233 Balgone Golden .. oeae- 59D Fearn’s .... 82 BBE GOW she cape scroschcenresnaiee 95 Ferris .... 82 Balmanno ...............00006 216 Flanders.. 84 Bayford ...... cone. 195 Five-Crowned . 128 Beat’s ....... -. 217 Florence ....... 82 Belledge ... 34 Forfar .. 233 Bere Court..... 36 Formosa .. 171 Birmingham ... 37 Franklin’s Golden 89 Bland’s Orange .. 218 French.. Aiddedenesarticnass W2OS Blenheim........... 38 French..... we. 254 Boatswain’s ..... 260 Frith 131 Bowyer’s Golden. . tage, | 42 Fry's... 63 Breedon ........ 06s 43 Gargey . 234 Bridgewater. do 44 Garret..... 40 Bringewood .. 45 Girkin.... 211 Broad-eyed..... 46 Gogar .... 92 Brown Cockle .. 57 Golden spencer 90 Brummaye ..... - 37 ‘Grang hue cei vee. 101 Bullock’s ...... - 182 Grey TSecaiuaton see. 104 Cambridge ........ . 84 GEEAVES!S: onc tessaeescooeneanee 237 Cambusnethan ..... 221 Green Newton..... wee. 148 Carberry ... 221 Green Newtown .........20606. 170 Christie’s... 55 Green Winter..... - 148 Clara ........ 56 Greenup’s ...... .. 103 Claremont . aie B06 Greenus’s ... 103 Cley scrsvaniass se. 223 Griddleton ... 238 Clove ... wae 220 Grummage a 37 Cluster. 56 Grumas’s. 37 Cluster Golden ... 56 Haggerston. td . 239 Cobbett’s Fall... 166 Hampshire Yellow Golden 99 Cockle ........... BT Harvey’s oo... vs AO Cockle’s ..... 6.60005 57 Hawberry ........... 110 Colonel Harbord’ 8 _ 59 Henry’s Weeping .. 240 Court of Wick .... 63 Hertfordshire Golden. 95 Cracked ........... 245 Hermann’s .. 109 Cray ...... 65 Holland . 110° Crimson ... 226 Hollow-crowned _ .. 112 Croom... 6 225 Hollow-eyed ........ snc “US Cumberland “e 225 Hormead ........ ae 112 Dalmahoy . see 225 Hlorsley ooo. cecceeccceeecs. 110 Darling oo... cee BB How's 241 Pippin, Howberry . Hughes’ 'sGolden.. Hughes’s New Golden. Lronstone .. isan? Isle of Wight .. Juchson’s. a Jones’s Southampton. Jubilee.. : July . July. Barly... Keddleston.. Kempster’s ... Kentish ...... Kentish ..... Kentish ... Kerry .... Keston......... Kingswich ........ Kirke’s Golden ..... Kirke’s Lemon Kirton ......... Kirton .... Kirton.. Knig hts. : Knight 's Golden .. Knight’s Lemon Lady Louisa ..... Large Fall . pint Lar ge Newtown. . sap bare Tait date Large Yellow Newtown ...... Large Yellow Newtown...... Lawrence’s New White ... Lemon.. Leyden . oe a Lincolnshire Holland ...... DOWdON: is suesssscsssccvseancens London Golden ig Lovedon’s.. Lucas’s Marygold Marmalade..... Michael Henry . Middleton Milton Golden.. Mollet’s Guernsey.. Monkland . Monstow’s ... Monstrous ... Moxhay ... Munches ... Munster ... Newark ... New Cluster Golden . New England.......... New Golden New London .. New Rock ..... Newton Newtown ........ Newtown .......66 New-York .. Nord: cssisaceasanaiaisionraise INDEX. Page. 110 114 114 206 117 242 99 38 75 75 243 38 32 120 121 121 244 63 244 126 46 111 245 68 68 245 246 166 143 143 212 247 126 247 127 128 95 145 249 250 134 251 242 95 251 138 94 91 252 253 133 253 254 244 254 244 128 142, 143 143 22 144 20 Pippin, Norfolk Stone Normandy ........ Northwick ... Nottingham Nutmeg ........ Nutmeg Cockle .. Old Golden........ Old Park... Orange...... Original ... Osterley .. Padley’s . Padley; s Royal George : Paradise .. Parsonage was Petersburgh... 1G! Xoisenicsizasing Pine-Apple ..... Pomegranate .. Ponto ... Pound.... Prussian ... Ravelston ..... Red Kentish Red Sweet ..... Ribston ..... Rigby’s Rival Golden .. Rival Golden .: Robinson’s ..... Rodmershanm .. Russet Golden.. St. Mary’s .. Salopian .... Scarlet Golden. ieee Screveton Golden .. Shepherd’s .......+... Silver ...... Small Golding South Carolina .. Spencer’s Stetlin ......... Stone .... Stone .... Stone ited Stonyroyd seica alia’ Striped Holland .. Strode-House . Sturmer.. Sudlow’s Fall . Sugar Loaf..... Summer Summer Summer ... Summer Golden.. Sweet ....... Taunton Golden... Thoral.. : Thorle . Travers’s (ee Twin Cluster ee ate 301 Page, 147 256 38 148 57 57 95 256 117 149 150 151 151 203 257 143 110 129 186 159 260 61 163 121 262 171 265 63 215 172 265 95 68 268 269 180 - 21 271 148 271 95 271 272 74 37 92 147 273 127 273 187 89 190 191 130 110 191 275 194 205 205 171 56 302 Pippin, Valleyfield .......-..-.s.e0 Var signsencic Vaun’s .. Veiny .. Wadhurst Warter’s oo Warwickshire .. Welsch.. West Grinstead Whernel’s : WAM asasexiaes White Cockle ¢ White Stone...... White Summer. Whitmore Whorle.......... Wick’s..... Williame’s . Woodstock . Woolaton .... be : Wyken... Yellow . 3 Yellow Newtown . Pippins, King of the.. King of the’. Pipping, Gulden .. seaseeahes Leadington's 's Grauer Wyker . seas Plate, American .. Pearson’s .. Pome de Fraise .... aide a Pomeroy .. Early ey Winter... Pomewater ........ Pomme d’ Anis d’Api ...... d’ Api Gros d’ Apict..... Appease ... @ Astrachan.. de Bardin.. de Berlin .. Caructére. . Carl.,.... de Cerise ..... de Charles de Coin.. . de Concombre ‘ Dieu saxeorees @Eté... .. @Etoille .. Etoillée de Framboise Finale ....... Glace sees vovenvis Glace ... de Glace .. i GONE: rceacscn: aio teres enidaee Page. 278 278 121 199 200 95 211 134 201 280 147 57 147 191 205 205 63 282 38 64 210 211 254 212° 123 99 95 104 98 95 154 48 162 158 230 255. 282 159 82 23 25 23 23 25 202 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Pomme Grelot ....-..++. Grise ... d’ Italie... Joséphine.. de Laak .. Madame .. Madame ... oss Madaleine Grosse _ Malecarle.. de Malingre... Melon ......001006 de Notre Dane : dOr.. ne @ Orange .. d’ Outre-passe .. Rekeas: Poire .... Rose...... Sonnette ... Poor Man’s Profit Pope’s Apple .. Porte Talipee... Porter ......... Portugal 2 Porstorffer .. ; feenpied @ Hiver Pound . 7 Prager .. Se Pride of the Ditches .. Priestley .. ae Primiting ... Prince Royal . a Princess Royal, Hulbert’s, Princesse Noble ... Princesse Noble ... Princesse Noble Zoete.... Prinzessinapfel, Grosser et Edler cs Pyrus Astracanica , Quarenden, Red ............. Quarrenden, Devonshire . Striped ....... Quarentine .........0.6. Red Quarrington... ‘Devonshire i Queen ...... ~ Queen Charlotte. . Charlotte, Dredge’ 3. Devonshire .. Of Sauce.. Summer ........ Queening, Cowarne Cowarne .. Crimson Grey ...... Summer .. Winter ... Queen’s woh Quince .. Quining, ‘Winter __ 117 152 145 259 Quittenapfel, Franzdsischer ......... Englischer Winter ... ; Rothe Winter Quodling ............. ee Winter . Rabine.. eto Rambo... ‘ Rambour ... Rambour........... Blanc ae & Cotes Gros . @Eté.. Franc . d’ Hiver. Gros .. Kirkes ‘Schiner Lothinger .. Summer ........ Weisse Sommer . Rambourg Rambourge ...... Rambourger Frither. RANGE: nseicionisacerat De Rateau ..........+. Rather Ripe .. ‘ Rawling, Red Streaked.. Red Aisle att Red, Pennock’s Red, Pryor’s ....- Red "Winter, Pennock’s Bick Pennoch’s Large Red-Streak .. senate Red-Streak ..... Bovey . Carse Devonshire .. Dorsetshire ..... Herefordshire . Keeping ..... Kernel........ a 's Fine.. Winter .. a Reed’s Baker ...... Reinette, Aechte Gre raue Franzosische d’ Allemugne . d@ Angleterre ... Autumn Batarde .... Baumann.... Bischoff’s.... Blanche Blanche .. Blanche or Franche. dite Prime . d@’ Espagne .. ate Bordeauer Gold .... De Breda........ De Caen... Calvillée ... Canada INDEX. Page. 48 | Reinette De Canada .. ial 126 Blanche | 51 a Cétes..... 79 Grise .. 209 Platte .. 162 Du Canada........... 162 Canadian... 162 Des Carmes. 260 Carpentin .... 162 Cassel .. 48 Christ’s Gold... 162 Golden.. 162 Deutsche Gold... 260 Citronen ............. 162 De Citron ......5 110 De Clareval 162 Contin.......... 162 Courtpendit ig 162 Rouge ......... 162 Crede’s Quitten ... 162 Credos Giitten 162 Diel.. % 261 Dietzer Rothe Mandel . ‘ 166 Dorée ...cceccceee eee 261 Dorée .......... 165 Royale . 261 De Doué.. 261 Drap fOr... 261 Early French...... $3 258 Englische Biischel ........ 260 _ Englische Spitals 258 Englische Granat . 258 English wie 233 D’ Espagne . 164 Forellen .... 219 Franche . 222 Franz . 227 Franzésische Edel 229 French.. 164 French.. 120 Gaesdonker Gold 244 Gelbe Zucker ...... 166 Gielen .......... 221 Glanz ........ ee 146 Gold Von Bordeaux...... 169 Golden.. 98 De Goslinga . P 40 GLIBC? fcr sdeacu tou truneenarcae 95 D’ Angleterre Petit 216 D’Automne ......... 40 De oe sage 262 Dorée.. ee 217 Extra... 168 Franeaise sae 262 De Granville......... 168 Haute Bonté......... 168 D iver... 166 De Hollande.. 236 INGW ico dieteairetbcouhraine 166 Grosse d’Angleterre ...... 167 d’ Angleterre ...... 262 de Canada ...... 167 Englische ......... 193 232 95 166 265 168 168 168 168 234 234 169 98 235 236 98 83 169 263 263 83 263 169 169 263 108 169 263 255 263 167 167 167 304 Reinette, Grosse Oder Doppelte Casseler Griine .. De Havre | Js Hollandische Gold . Hollow-eyed .. De Hongrie Trish ee Jaune Hiative..... Kirke’s Golden .... Kleine Casseler .. Graue ..... Konigs........... Kriuter ... De Laak ... Marbrée ..... Menonisten.. Michaux..... De Misnie .. Muscat Musquée ... Naine ...... Nonpareil .. Du Nord.. De Normandie D’Orléans Phillips’s ..... Pictée ........ Proliferous .. Quince..,... Quitten Rousse... Royal ... Saffran Selwood’s .... Speckled Golden .. Spice ...... Striped Monstrous... Tachetée . Tendre.. Trés Tardive. Trevoider Truite ........... Tyroler Glanz Uellner’s Gold .. Van Mons ........ De Vigan .. Verte ........ Wahre.. Weisse.. Weisse Antillische Winter Wacks .......... Wellington’s White Spanish .. Winter Anis ... Yellow German . Zimmet ........ Renet, Golden..... , Renett, Grauwe Franse.. Renette, Groene ...... Groene Franse .. BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Page Rennet, Golden ....ccccscicececnvves 98 Monstrous... 252 Mother ...... 255 Rhode [sland oxcesccosicressrincvessinien 91 Ribston, Small .... 133 aia le toes 28 Rival ........ 265 Rob Roy .. 265 Roi Trés ‘Noble . 231 Rolland .......... 34 Romaine .. 265 Romanite .. 162 Roman Stem . 265 Romril : 266 Rosalind swscpcscusewounascessaveveeces 266 Rose Apple....... 266 Rose de China .... 172 Rose, Summer .... 274 Rosenapi .. iaeiarage meng 25 Rosmarinapfel ‘Rother . 50 Weisse Italienische 279 Rostocker ssscososcanwcenapecee 266 Rouge de Chartreur ... 49 Rougham Seedling ...........0..... 266 Round Head) sesavsisseansninewessenvesss 267 Rowe’s Seedling ....--.........02000. 267 Royal George....... 267 Jersey .... 267 Shepherd... 176 Somerset .... 128 Royale vo sevicwcccee 268 Rubenapfel .. 25 Ruby, Winter... 283 Russet, Acklam’s .. 20 "Aclemy .. » 20 ‘Aromatic. 26 Boston ....... 42 Bowyer’s ........- 42 Byson Wood ............000+ 47 el giokyensig 229 French .. 234 Golden..... 99 Hardingham’ 's 156 Harvey’s ...... 239 Horsham .... 112 Trish....... 178 Keeping ... 120 Knobbed .... 124 Knobby... 124 Morris’s ..... 140 Nonpareil 140 Newjorker ..... ; 143 Nine Partner’s Little. . 255 Nonpareil 5 140 Patch’s....... 152 Pile’s ...... 156 Pine-Apple... 156 Pitmaston Nonpareil. 259 Powell’s .... 161 Pyle’s .... 156 PUGMAN'S iosey cp uresrvevsentescius 42 Rosemary ... ferences “TS ROW sn estesceoncciece 175 é Russet St. Helena ............ Sandy’s ..... Sharp’s.. Shippen’s .. : de Striped Nonpareil . Sweet ........ 7 Sweeting... Sykehouse Wheeler’s White ..... Wine ..... tein Russetting, Aromatic or ” Golding 8 Roxbury ..... ‘ Russian 5 Russian Emperor... Rymer... : Sabine ........ ‘ Sack Apple......... Sack and Sugar ... St. Patrick ........ Sam Rawlings Sam ee Sunguineus .. Sanguinole Sapling Bark ... Sapson........... Sapsonvine .... De Sauge .... St. Lawrence . St Julien es Scarlet Keeper ... ee aa Schafer ........ Scotsman ........ Scottish Chief Sea Cliff .. Seal, White... he Sedgefield Seek-no-farther.. Seek-no-farther ...........4. American . Seigneur d’ Orsay .......... Sergeant .............- Shagreen.... Shakespere steact Sheep’s Nose ..........- Shepherd's pooling Shireling .: Shustoke.. Siberian Crab..... Siberian Sugar .. Silverling .............. aie Simpson’s Seedling ....... Sir Walter Blacket’s Favorite ...... Sir William Gibbon’s ............... Sleeping Beauty sts Winter . Small Stalk.. Solebury GF surac, amie Sommerapfel, Astracanischer. ...... Rothe Wiener Sonnette .. Sops in Wine... INDEX. Page. 167 | Sops of Wine........ 269 | Souring, Hanwell .. 270 | Sovereign ........,.. 42 | Spaniard avin 273 French .. 276 | Spatblithende........ 276 | Spice Apple ... 193 Early... 201 | Spitzemberg .. 281 English 282 Pownal 99 | Spitzenberg Zso 42 Burling ington... 273 Newtown .. 77 | Spitzenburgh Hsopus .... 177 Esopus .... 102 Flushing. ... 67 True .... 177 | Square, Hutton ............. 268 Stirzaker’s sees 110 | Standard.......... 178 Sternapfel ‘ 141 | Stibbert, Summer ... 51 | Stetting "Rouge... 269 | Stettiner Rothe .. 186 | Stire.. silstahecta ty 186 Stirling ‘Castle. ” 269 | Storing, Norfolk .. 268 | Straat .........6.0. 177 | Strawberry, Early....... 269 Summer 59 Winter .... 269 | Streak, Golden ........ 269 | Striefling d’Hiver .......... 269 Leitheimer.... 269 | Styre, Forest ......... 281 Norman .. 270 White .. 181 | Sugar and Brandy... 213 | Sudbury Beauty .. 162 | Summer Traveller .. 177 | Sussex...........00. 270 | Swaar ........... 270 | Sweet Harvest....... 182 | Sweeting, Hampstead . 182 Ladies’ .......... 21 St. Patrick’s .... 246 Wetherel’s White 270 | Sykehouse aiaiaatajatensansnna 54 on oo 270 | Tankerville...... 270 | Tart, Mansfield ........ 271 | Taubenapfel, Rothe 231 | Taubenartige Apfel .... 184 aden fuel tre Apfel .... 185 | Ten Shillings ................0... 185 | Tenterden Park.. 185 | Tetofsky ........... 220 | Téte du Chat.. 202 | Teuchat’s Ege . Summer... : Thich set ss vesccsansauseeriy: Thal xan 305 Page . 186 106 271 272 234 272 186 76 186 144 260 80 144 144 80 80 85 80 115 188 272 25 25 266 266 86 273 206 273 230 192 283 59 215 247 86 255 281 190 273 132 275 275 125 239 246 268 280 193 276 276 249 155 156 156 195 195 276 266 195 195 56 276 306 Thoresby Seedling.................0+ Thorle, Summer sees Tiffing, Green Scarlet .. Tom Potter........... Tower of Glammis .. Transparent Apple ........6....00665 Muscovite : Russian ....... Wood’s Transparent de Zurich Traubenapfel ................ Traveller ais Travelling Queen .. Treadle-Hole ........ Trumpeter ...... Trumpington. Tulip Tulip, Dutch . Tulpen.......... Turk’s Cap. Turpin ‘ Twickenham ... Two Yearling... Underleaf ‘Vandervere Van Dyne .... fk Victoria, Hulbert’ Es VAGLEE io salnenrssminisognis Violette .......... ot De Quatres Gots , Virgin, Green a Scotch White .... Wacks Apfel....... Wallace Wight .. Walmer Court .... fie Waltham oy Seedling Beihdewiet Wanstall.. 3 Ward ‘Apple. sist Warden, Winter.... Watch Apple.... Wax, Early Page. 277 205 102 180 277 196 202 202 202 63 277 23 277 277 197 197 197 198 198 198 198 198 277 278 278 278 278 210 241 199 199 199 238 204 204 279 279 148 200 209 279 283 221 77 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. Weeper, Scarileti.. scsinisisvessnnnevees Weiner Muschanzherl Wellington ........sccereerreees Westling, White White Apple ........ White Leaf... White Lily .. ‘ ‘Dredge’s : 3 White Sour, Devonshire. Wilding, Devonshire. Royal . . Sweet Little .. William ........ re Williams’s Favorite . Wiltshire eae Harvey's S WINE Loveices Green Red. jases Tulip .... Twin .... White | ‘ wg Windham’s Seedling Winter Apple... Winter Bush, Tewkesbury . Scarlet spraseeses Winter Sweet.. Witch, Lancashire Wise Apple............... Witte Dapsige Woodcock . Wood Nymph Wood's erie sei Woodpecker... “ Woolman’s Long . Wyger’s icc Wyn, Witte Yellow Harvest ......... ¥ z freee oungs Long Keepirg .. Seedling . e : Zimmetapfel, Gestreier + Sommer Zweibelapfel,.. a shy Page, 269 Soca tes Na ete S Oe RS ke sets nn or aaa tt his Bn Pant eer pao es ee See oe Se a eased. re hott eateare ts areas eRe Se eT) Seeted abr SEA Spo Bay ee bernie a Seo rt rene ea 3 or Sa er Leah arta rerorned POOR ete poy ee Soke aR ee powers ae Cerca ee he a 3 iy .