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Library
A TREATISE

 

 

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HIS DISEASES.

ILLUSTRATED,

a
lONTAINING AN “INDEX OF DISEASES,” WHICH GIVES THE SYMPTOMS, CAUSE, AND THE
BEST TREATMENT OF EACH; A TABLE GIVING ALL THE PRINCIPAL DRUGS USED FOR
THE HORSE, WITH THE ORDINARY DOSE, EFFECTS, AND: ANTIDOTE WHEN A
POISON; A TABLE WITH AN ENGRAVING OF THE HORSE'S TEETH
AT DIFFERENT AGES, WITH RULES FOR THLLING THE AGE
OF THE HORSE; A VALUABLE COLLECTION OF RE-

CEIPTS, AND MUCH OTHER VALUABLE
INFORMATION,

BY

DR. B. J. KENDALL CO.,

ENOSBURGH FALLS, VT., U.S.A.

REVISED EDITION,

 

ENOSBURGH FALLS, VT.:
DR. B..J. KENDALL COMPANY, PRINTERS,
‘1891.
PREFACH.

It has been one of our greatest aims, in preparing matter for this book.
to make it as plain as possible for non-professional readers, and to give ther
information which is of the-greatest importance to horsemen, and yet avoid
‘all technical terms as much’ as possible, and also condense the book as muc!
as we.can without leaving out the real essential information in treating ea

_subject. FE
- It contains an Index of Diseases, giving a description of each, with causes,
symptoms and treatment. Also, a large collection of Valuable Receipts,
which many dingle receipts are worth, to every horse owner, several times th
rice of the book.

The treatment given for each disease can be relied on as being the best,
‘Toraid non-professional horse owners, in deciding what the disease may b
“we give engravings which show the positions taken in the different stages o
diseases, and which are of great value in coming to a positive conclusion

to the nature of the disease.

v

EXPLANATION OF THE ENGRAVING ON THE COVER.

Forehead. 11. Loin.

1.

2. Jaw. 12. Hip.

8. Threat. 18. Stifle.

4. Breast. 14, Thigh.

5. Shoulder. 15. Hamstring.

6. Arm. 16. Point of the Hock.
7. Large Pastern. ' 17. Hock. .

8. Small Pastern. 18. Croup or Rump.
9. Withers. 19. Dock.

10. Back. 20. Cannon-Bones,
INDEX OF DISEASES,

ABSCESS OF THE BRAIN is caused by some injury to the head.

Symptoms,—Refuses food pacts dull; a slight oozing from a trivial
injury upon the skull ; the animal is prostrated. and while lying down con-
tinues to knock his head against the greund violently until death ensues,

Treatment.—No treatment is of any service.

ABDOMINAL DROPSY is usually the result of ‘chronic inflammation

of the bowels. |

Symptoms.—Head hanging ; mouth dry; membranes look pale; pulse
hard. If the horse turns about suddenly the act will elicit a grunt. Press-
ure on the abdomen will cause him to groan, A lack of spirits ; lies down
constantly if left to himself; is restless, thirsty, no appetite; is weak,
abdomen enlarged yet the horse quite thin in flesh, hidée-bound and con-
stipated. One ef the legs and the sheath are sometimes swelled.

Treatment.—Begin the treatment as soon as you can decide as to the
nature of thedisease. Give, night and morning, 20 grs. extract ox belladonna,
10 grs. sulphate of quinine, 85 grs. iedide ef iron, 4 gr. strychnia. Mix,
and give at each dose. Mix 5 ozs. tincture of iedine and 2 ozs. croton oil,
and apply a little to a portion of the abdomen by rubbing down to the skin
and shifting to a different location when the skin becomes sore. Some cases
are incurable.

BOTS.—The stomach seems to be the natural nursery for the protection
and the prepagation of the stomach bet. When the eggs have remained in
the stomach for a year they become a perfect chrysalis (that is, the form of
a butterfly before it reaches the winged state), and then they release their
hold of the stomach and are expelled with the dung. It will be. provided
with wings.in a short time, and will fly about commencing the propagatice
of its species which passes through a same period of incubation.
4 7 BOTS.

They are of two kinds, stomach and fundament bots. The stomach
bots are the result of turning horses into pasture in the summer months,
and are produced from the eggs laid on the fore legs of the horse by the
bot fly. , ;

Symptoms ave an unthrifty coat, and loss of flesh after running out to
pasture,

All horses which run out to
grass are quite sure to have bots
in their stomachs, and as there is
80 much misconception about ~
bots and their destructiveness to
horses we copy the result of a
series of experiments with bots
three-fourths grown.

When immersed in rum they.
live’ twenty-five hours; decoc-
tion of tobacco, eleven hours;
strong oil of vitriol, two hours
eighteen minutes ; essential oil of
mint, two hours five mintites,
Were immersed. without appar-

' ent injury,-in spirits of camphor, .
ten hours; fish oil, forty-nine

 

. The female fly about to deposit an egg.

No. 1 hours ; tincture aloes, ten hoirs;
: a ee eri fees in brine, ten hours ; solution in-
tea) "the be raed eee digo, 10 hours, A number of
“5, The aealy hatched bot. small bots, with one that was full
“ 6. The bot fully grown. grown, were immersed in a
“7% The head of a bot maguifed. strong solution of corrosive sub-
“ 8. The chrygalis. .

limate, one of the most, powerful

poisons ; the small ones died in one hour, but the full grown one wastaken *
out of the solution, six hours after its immersion, apparently unhurt. —

It will be seen by the above experiments, that no medicine can be given
which will affect the bot, that will not destroy the coating of the stomach,
and injure or kill the horse. No veterinary surgeon can distinguish ; the
symptoms of bots from those of colic, In fact, there is but little doubt ‘that
ninety- -hine out of every one hundred cases of belly ache are no more wor,
less than colic and not bots, and should be treated as we direct in the é
treatment of colic.

'Treatment.—The general condition of the horse should be impro
so that the debilitating effects of the bots may not interfere with .;
general health of the horse.

he -
Tt is generally considered impossible
-ring in a horse predisposed to the disease,

INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. §

to expel or destroy the bots.
Give the following tonic med-
icines to improve the general
condition: pulv. gentian }
ib., pulv. copperas } ib., puly.
fenugreek } tb., pulv.-elecam-
pane 7 tb. Mix well, and give -
a large tablespoonful once a
day.

.  Fundament Bot.—Like the
stomach bot, this is also ihe

- result of running out to 'grass,:
“Instead of the -eggs being de-
posited on the legs they are
deposited on the lips‘of the
horse. They are found in the
rectum, and often seen about
the anus and under the tail.

 

No.1. The female about to deposit an egg. ‘Treatment. —Tnjections of raw
“2. The egg magnified. a ante:
«3 ‘the — ss linseed oil, or of tobacco smoke,

‘4, The chrysalis.
* 5, The male fly.

BOWELS, INFLAMMATION OF.—The symptoms are very severe
pain in the belly, varying from those of colic in being a continuous pain

(while in colic there are intervals of rest from pain), rolling, pawing, sweat-

ing, rapid breathing with an inclination to shift about, with great fever and

_ excitement. The disease comes on more gradually than colic (which see),

legs and ears cold, belly tender and painful on pressure. (See cut for posi-..
tion of nose, etc.)

Causes. — Constipation, exposure to
cold, drinking cold water in large quan-
tities when hot, hard driving, diarrhoea,
and as a sequel to colic.

The above named causes, when occur-

are quite liable to bring it on.
Treatment.—If the. cause is constipa- %

tion, give a quart of raw linseed oil, and, 4 gmyERAL syYMPTOM OF AB-

if necessary, add from four to six drops DOMINAL IRRITATION.

croton oil. Jf the cause is over-purging,.

give an ounce and a half of tincture of opium in a half pint of water. If

 
6 BRONCHITIS.

the cause should be other than oostiveneas or Harrhosa, give thirty drops of the
tincture of aconite root, and repeat it im two hours. Apply blankets, wrung
out of het water, to the belly, and renew them every fifteen minutes.
Give injections of warra (not hot) water, castile ‘soap, and a handful of
table salt every half hour until the bowels move some. There is a diversity
of opinion in regard to bleeding. It is my opinion that it is of doubtful
utility in this disease.

BRONCHITIS.—This disease consists in an Inflammation of the air
passages ef the lungs.) It is a very common disease among horses, and is
sometimes confounded with inflammation of the lungs (or lung fever), dis-
tempers and colds.

Symptoms.—Bogins with a chill, fever, harsh cough, labored breathing,
mouth hot and dry, with less of appetite, and in one or two days s discharge
from the nestrils will be observed.

Treatment.—Give the horse a good, comfortable place (not too close nor
the reverse). Give fifteen to twenty drops tincture of aconite root, and re-
peat every four hours until six doses have been given, which will probably
relieve the fever. Let the horse have plenty of. cold water to drink. We
would discourage the idea of bleeding, as it would be more likely.to do
harm than geod.

After the fever has subsided (which will probably be about the second
day), give a few powders of the following: Mix pulv. licorice roet, pulv.
fenugreck and pulv. gentian, two ounces of each, and divide into six pow-
ders and give in feed two or three times a day.

Curoxtc Bronourtis is the result of bad treatment of acute bronchitis,
and when the attack has been prolonged for some time.

Symptoms.—A. cough which seems to be confirmed, with discharge from
the nostrils, and cough worse after drinking and in the morning.

Treatment.—Take of pulv. gentian and pulv. sulphate of iron, eight
ounces each. Mix thoroughly and divide into thirty-five powders and feed
twice a day until ali has been given; then make an ointment of red iodide
of mercury, one drachm, lard, one ounce, thoroughly mixed together.
Apply the above named ointment down the course of the windpipe, and the
next day apply sweet oil or lard to keep the skin from cracking. Repeat
the application of the ointment in one week.

BURNS AND SCALDS.—When the burn is so deep as te destroy the
skin and superficial tissues, we would recommend raw linseed oil, applied
with bandages, to protect the parts from the air, and allowed te remain for
several days.

But when the skin is not destroyed we have found that “Kendall's Spavin
Cure” is an excellent remedy for such burns on man; so we feel certain it
will work equally well on any animal,

1
CAPPED ELBOW. 7

CALLUS.—A callus is a thickening of the cuticle or of any soft part,
caused by preasure er friction, or it may be the result of some injury which
after remaining sore for some time finally heals, seaving a thick, hard
and enlarged surface which we term callus, and which not only injures
the sale of the herse but is also a constant ‘‘eye-sore” to the owner.

Treatment.—We can only recommend ene course,.as we have had no
experience with any other which proved successful, and that is to apply
Kendall’s Spavin Cure two or three times a day, for several weeks, ar
directed for spavin, These can not generally be removed very quiekly, yet
if the above plan is followed out it is sure to be effeotual.

CAPPED ELBOW.—(Shoe Boil.) This enlargement on the point of
the elbow is on the side of the chest just behind the shoulder. It is a tumor
(or sometimes a simple abscess) caused by direct pressure against the calk
or heel ef the shoe; particularly when the latter is alewed te protrude too
far backward. Pads are made by harness makers which are quite useful in
protecting the parts while the herse is lying.

‘Treatment.—If the. tumor is seft and shows signs of containing pus, it
would be well to open it and allow the matter tg escape Some recom-
mend that the tumor be dissected out with a knife and then treated as any
simple wound by keeping clean until it heals. ‘‘Kendall's Spavin Cure”
has been used with very gratifying results for Shoe Boil. It should be.
applied twice a day fer some time, the same as when it is desired te remove
any enlargement. Some get an idea that if a bottle of ‘‘Kendall’s Spavin
Gure” is applied, it will do as much goed to apply the whole in two te four
Gays as to be as many weeks in using it, but we would like to have it
remembered that it takes time to remove any enlargement, and especially if
it has existed for any length of time, therefore we say it is not so much in
the quantity used in a given time as in the length of time it is used. We
know of no remedy that is so certain to remove Shoe Boil, when properly
used, as ‘‘Kendall’s Spavin Cure.”

CAPPED HOUK.—This is a soft swelling on the point of the hock
joint. It is caused by kicking in the harness or stable, or by being kicked
by another horse, and rarely causes any lameness.

T'reatment.—Kendall’a Spavin Oure used as for capped elbow is a safe
and sure remedy.

CAPPED KNEE.—Caused by some injury to the knee,

Symptems.—A soft tumor in front of the knee.

Treatment.—If left alone it would probably burst and leave a perme-
nent blemish. If the tumor is het, bathe first with celd water to reduce the
heat, or bind on cleths wet with cold water and change often, then apply
Kendall's Spavin Oure as directed for capped elbov..
8 COLIC,

CAUTERY.—4Féring.) This cruel and tahuman practice is one which
has been practiced in the past, and perhaps 8 to a sight degree now, but ..
we sincerely believe it to be one which ought to be forbidden by all humane
societies, as the cases which are benefited are very few, if, any, that could :
not be,benefited by milder and more humane means, (See Firing Horses.)

COLIC.—Colic is a very com-
mon as well as a very dangerous
disease. There are two forms:
Spasmedic and Flatulent Colic.
The former is of a spastnodic na-
ture, and will, in severe cases, run
into inflammation of the bowels
and cause speedy death, if not re-
lieved.

Causes of Spasmodic Colvc are
drinking cold water when in a
heated condition, costiveness, un- ,
wholeseme food, undue quantity FIRST STAGE OF SPASMODIC COLIC.
of feod, ete.

‘Symptoms.—The horse is suddenly attacked with pain, and shows evi-
denee of great distress, shifting ~ his pesition almost constantly, and
manifesting a desire to lie down. But ina few minutes these symptoms - :
disappear, and the horse is easy for a short time, when they return with
increasing severity until the herse can not be kept upon his feet.

A cold sweat generally breaks eut over the body. The legs and ears
remain at about the natural temperature.

He locks around to his flanks, mostly at the right side, as if pointing |
out the seat of the disease, scrapes the ground with his zonward foot, and —
wall almost strike his belly with his hind foot.

The horse, heaves at the flanks; he
kicks and rolls, and seems much excited,
and sometimes acts as though he wanted.
to make water, which he can not do, on
account of the urethra being spasmodi: .
cally contracted. This symptem need
not be treated (as it frequently is), for as
scon as the horse is relieved of the colic; : -
he will pass water freely. Therefore,
6ECOND STAGE: OF 'SPASMODIC follow the treatment we give on next

' “colic. page, and relieve the colic as suon ag
possible.

 

 
COLIC, =~ 9

As the disease advances the horse will
frequently throw himself down with force,
look anxiously at the sides and sometimes
snap with his teeth at his sides, and strike
upwards with his hind feet as they do
many times with inflammation of the
bowels.

 

THIRD STAGE OF SPASMC)10

OOLIC,
Symptoms of ip 2
Colic. Inflammation of Bowels.
Attacked suddenly. Symptoms come on gradually. .
Intervals of rest. In constant pain. /
- Pulse not ae altered in the early } Pulse small and much quickened,
- stage of the disease. pe See to be felt many
Rubbing belly gives relief. Belly anita sie and sore to the
touch.
Ears and legs of natural tempera- / Ears and legs cold.
ture. . n
_’ Motion gives relief. Motion increases pain, 5
“4 Strength scarcely affected. Strength rapidly failing.

: Treatment. Relieve the pal by giving one ource:sulphuric ether, two
ounces of tincture of opium (audanum) and a pint of raw linseed oil, and, if
not relieved in an hour; repeat the dose, : If there is not relief in a reasona-
ble length of titne after the second dose i is given, some recommend bleeding
from six to ten quarts. from the neck vein, but we think it is rarely neces-

- sary to do this, Occasionally walk the horse about to excite the bowels to
action. ;

The following mixture is said to be very good:

Take aromatic spirits ‘of. ammonia 1 pint, sulphuric ether 1 pint,
sweet spirits of nitre 14 pints, gum opium (made fine) 4 ounces, cam-
phor gum 4 ounces, assafcetida 4 ‘ounces. Mix all together, and shake
frequently “for twelve or fifteen days; then filter or strain through flannel, -
and it will be ready for use. Dose—one, tablespoonful in a little water,
“repeated in thirty minutes. A larger dose may be given sometimes i in very
severe Cases.

Another excellent remedy, which is always at hand, § is ‘one heaping table- —
“spoonful of saleratus mixed with one pint of milk, and given at one dose,

Always begin the treatment as soon as possible.

FiatuL.ent Corie, Wrxpy Coiic, eTc.—The horse is uneasy, hangs the

-head, and exhibits a few of the general symptoms of spasmodic colic before
there is any enlargement of the belly; but more particularly after, for ag
~ ereased in size (if the disease is not

10 CORNS.

goon as the belly swells the pawing commences, although it is not so vio.
lent as in spasmodic colic.

There is but little rolling or kicking at the belly as in Lipa colic,
and ihe horse is not inclined to move
about much. After from one to four
days the belly becomes much in-

checked), and the animal becomes
restless.

Treatment.—Do not bleed for flat-
ulent colic. Try an injection first, and
if gas or wind come away with it, the
patient will most likely recover soon; FIRST STAGES OF FLATULENT
but if no benefit is derived from the eee
injection, give the remedies as recommended for spasmodic colic.. Let the
horse be led around quietly until the medicine has had time to take effect, so as

 

to prevent his falling or rolling, as it might cause rupture of the diaphragm. -

CORNS appear in the angle of the hoof near the heel, and are generally
caused by the shoes being worn too long, causing the shell of the hoof to
grow over the shoe, which allows the weight to press upon the sole; or the
shoe gets moved from its proper position, or perhaps never was placed there.
Asa general rule, the production of corns may be laid
to the shoer. . f 3

Upon cutting away the horn there will be found a
red spot; but if very bad, the color will be a dark
purple, and it will be deeper seated.

Treatment.—Dress down the bruised part until quite
thin, and apply Kendall’s Spavin Cure quite freely, and
then put on the shoe, so fitted that there will be no pres-
sure on the part. -Apply the Spavin Cure for several
days. If the above treatment fails (which it probably will not), then dress
down the bruised part, thin as before, and apply Kendall’s Blister (which
will be sent by mail on receipt of 50c.), thoroughly rubbed in, and con-
tinue to apply Kendall's Spavin Cure, as recommended in treatment of bone _
spavin.

 

SITUATION OF A
CORN.

CURB.—This is one of the many diseases of the hock-joint, and consists
of an enlargement or gradual bulging out at the posterior part of the hock.
(See engraving.)

‘Cause.—Curb is generally caused by a strain from galloping on uneven
ground, wrenching the limb, prancing and leaping, etc. It is one of the*
evils which occur among the better breed of horses, Man delights in
  
 

CURB. BANDAGE,

showing off the animal he is mounted
upon, and so it has ever been with
Moan, woman or child ; they are always
pleased by the prancing of the horse,
which, nevertheless, is a very fruitful
cause of curb. Pulling horses up sud-
denly on their haunches is asserted to
be a frequent cause ef curb,

“Preatment. —Perfeot rest; if hot,
bandage it and keep it constantly wet
with cold water and saltpetre for a few
, cays until the inflammation has ceased,
* then apply Kendall’s Spavin Cure two
: or three times a day, and rub. well with

THE SUREST METHOD OF PRODUO- the hand. In some cases it is well to

NG CORB apply the bandage after each application

of Kendall’s Spavin Cure, always applying the bandage as smooth as pos-

sible and rather tight. In vety bad or very old cases we would recommend
using Kendall's Blister, as directed for ring-bone.

DEBILITY.—This condition accompanies, many diseases; for . this
reason anything which has a tendency to reduce the strength of the horse
should be avoided while treating the various ee eeeciany of the
chest.

Symptoms of general debility are swelling of the seas breast, belly and
sheath. The horse is very weak, and staggers as he walks.

‘Causes are bleeding in treating diseases, starving, and insufficient and
improper diet given to sick horses when they should have been supported
by good and sufficient food during their sickness.

Treatment.—Give the tonic powders which we recommend under the_
head of Bots, once or twice a day, with a liberal amount of geod feed
and water, and allow him to recover wholly before putting him into hard
work,
12 DYSENTERY,

\ ‘ ;

' DEFORMITIES IN YOUNG COLTS, are usually caused by an insuf-
ficient nourishment ; but if the colt is taught to suck milk from a bottle or
something else, so as to become well nourished, deformities of the limbs will
usually be removed.

. DIARRH@A.—When this disease is not attended with pain, griping or
pawing, as in colic, it will generally require no treatment, but if it con-
tinues, and the horse shows signs of pain or colic, there is reason for the
belief that there is some irritating poison retained in the bowels which does
not pass away in the excrement. (See Dysentery.) y

Treatment.—Treatment that will allay pain is demanded.

Give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root, in a little water, and
follow with a powder as given below, every three hours, until the horse is
better. Take prepared chalk, 5 drachms ; catechu, pulverized, 1 drachm;
pulverized opiurh, 10 grains; mix, and give as stated above., Give plenty of,
good cold water to drink.

‘When the diarrhea is better, give bran mash for a few days, and add a
little ground flaxseed if convenient.

‘DYSENTERY; ACUTE.—This disease in the horse is very violent,
because the length and size of the intestines of the horse render any disease
within them a very serious affair.

Cause.—Acute dysentery is caused by taking some acrid substance into
the stomach, such as croton oil with aloes, which produce” an inflam-
matory purzation ; -or from the injudicious use of various poisons, such as
tartar emetic, corrosive sublimate, blue vitriol, arsenic, etc., etc. Nearly all
of these substances will be eaten readily if mixed with the grain, therefore
any person not knowing the
proper quantities of such poi-
sous to give, should not venture
to use them.

Symptoms are obscure at
the commencement. As in
nearly all disorders of the
intestines, so in this, there is

‘pain ‘in the abdomen. The
pain may be slight at ‘first or
it may be so violent as to be <=
confounded with the pangs a

_ of colic ; the thirst is excessive ;
the stench offensive.

The position of the body, as me :
shown in the engraving, is ‘gurFERING FROM THE EFFEOTS OF A
expressive of abdominal pain. POWERFUL POISON.

   
DISTEMPER, : i3

Treatment the same as for diarrhoea, with larger doses of opium when

the pain is violent. Keep the horse and stable clean, and give the horse.

good care. Do not be concerned about the bowels if they do not move at
all for several days.

DISTEMPER.—(Strangles.) This form of sore throat is characterized

by swelling between the bones of the lower jaw, which terminates in an

abscess,
Cause.—A specific poison in the

blood, which but.few horses escape.
Treatment. — The opinions of
different veterinarians vary in re-
gard to the treatment, some recom-
mending poultices while others
forbid it, etc., but the following
plan is undoubtedly as good a one
as any.
Give grass or soft feed and but
STRANGLES little, if any, medicine, and if
thought best to do anything to
hasten the suppuration apply warm poultices, or some like blistering. The
appetite will return when the abscess breaks or is epened.
EPIZOOTIC.—This disease attacks many animals at the same time, and
_ originates in one common cause.
Treatment.—A few years ago, when nearly every horse in the country had
“this disease, hundreds were either not treated at all or: improperly treated,
and consequently many were left in a bad condition, which they did not
outgrow for months, and others died for want of proper treatment. At
- this time I was called upon to prescribe for many, and I soon found that.
Prof. Flint’s Horse and Cattle Renevating Powders were the very best
thing I could give. Dose: tablespoonful three times a day at first, and
then only twice each day.

Every horse that took the above powders recovered fully, and none were
troubled with the bad after-effects which followed many that received ‘no
treatment,

FARCY.—This is & scrofalous disease affecting the horse,

Symptoms.—The hair looks rough and unhealthy; one of the legs will
generally swell to a very large size, generally the fore leg—hot and_pain-
ful—and in a short time will break out m small running sores, discharging
a thin, unhealthy fluid, and sometimes the discharge is thicker.

 

(
14 BIRING HORSES.

On the side of the neck, body or inside of the leg will be felt a thick sab-
stance under the skin but somewhat elevated and hardened, and interrupted
at distances with a small sore similar to that on the leg. In some cases soft,
puffy swellings will be found about many parts of the body.

Cause—Poorly ventilated stables which are overcrowded with horses; in-
oculation from the virus of the glandered or farcied horses, and this virus
producing a ferment in the blood. Absorption of pus into the blood is
liable to predyce either farey, glanders or some other zymotic disease.

Treatment.—Understanding the cause of this disease you will readily see
what the treatment should be—that by removing the cause the effects will
cease. Give 4 tablespeonful of sulphite (not sulphate) of soda twice a
day.

This remedy will stop afl fermentation and purify tlre blood. It would
be well to continue the sulphite of soda two of three times a week fora few
weeks after the horse seems to be well. :

After leaving off the sulphite of soda give the tonic powders as directed
in the treatment for bots, to improve the general condition of the horse.
Give good and generous feed.

Another plan is to give the following .powders once or twice a day:
Take sulphur, 8 ozs.; saltpetre, 4 ozs.; black antimony, 2 0zs.; mix, and give
one tablespeenful.

Another mode of treating this disease is to gtve three drachms of sul-
phate of copper every night, in the food, until the herse refuses to eat.
After a few days, repeat; but if the case is bad, give the medicine as a
drench in water, for ten days, if he will not take it in his food.

The horse, as well as all his clothing and articles used in feeding him,
should be removed from all healthy animals, as this is one of the contagious
diseases of the horse.

FIRING HORSES.—I can fully indorse the following statements of Dr.
Robt. McClure in regard to this inhuman practice. He says: ‘‘ This is an
operation which is a great favorite, and in mueh repute ameng horse doc-
tors. For my part I think it not only cruel and barbarous, but unnecessary,
doing no good whatever, and in many cases a positive injury, the effects
of which will never disappear from the legs and bedy while the animal
lives. Firing is intended by its advocates to prevent and cure spavin, curbs,
sprains and ring-bones by scoring the parts with a red het iren in lines ever
the part that is thought will de diseased or is already so.” (See Cautery.)

FOOT DISEASES.—WVavicular disease.—(See engraving on cover for

location.)
This is a serious disease, and ts sometimes very obscure in its symp-
FOUNDER. 18

toms, according to the stage of the disease. Fortunately this disease is rarely
met with, but it is a fruitful cause of permanent lameness. It is many
times attributed to some difficulty in the shoulder.

Cause.—Hard work upon pavements causing slight inflammation which
is neglected, and the horse kept at work so that the inflammation continues
until-it ends in ulceration.

Symptoms are ebscure and yet very much like many of the symptoms
of other diseases of the feet and legs and shoulders. It is determined
chiefly by an undue amount of heat in the foot, and by the fact that no
disease can be found elsewhere or of a different character.

Treatment.—Raise the foot and pour Kendall’s Spavin Cure on to the
frog and the back part ef the foot and heel, and rub it well up into the hair,
repeating this process two or three times a day, for two or three weeks, or
more, if necessary. In bad cases, if the lameness does not subside in two or
three weeks, we would recommend to blister as recommended for ring-bone,
and fellow up with the use of Kendall's Spavin Cure. The above treatment
has proved to be the most satisfactory of any treatment known to us.

Poultices sometimes relieve the pain.

FOUNDER. (Laminditis.)\—This disease is inflammation of the sensitive
jamin of the feet, ef which there are two kinds, acute and chrenie, the
latter being a continuation of the fermer. The acute form is invariably
cured, if properly treated, but the chronic form is generally considered
incurable ; it can be relieved very much, but the feet are always afterwards
sore and tender in front.

Cause.—Allowing to drink cold water, when overheated and tired from
overwork, standing in the cold air (or where the wind will strike the horse)
while warm, driving through a river while warm, long and hard drives
ever dry reads, etc.

Symptoms—The horse will stand upon his heels, with fore feet and legs
stretched out as far as he can get them so as to throw the weight off as much
as possible; amd he can scarcely be made to move. The horse has
fever and considerable constitutional disturbance, in the acute form of the
disease.

Treatment (af acute founder.)—Give the horse a eee bedding of straw,
in a large, well ventilated stall, so as to encourage him to lie down, which.
by removing the weight from the inflamed parts, will relieve his sufferings -
very much and assist in hastening the cure. Assoon as his bed is fixed, give
him twenty drops of the tincture ef aeconite root in a half pint of cold
water, poured into his mouth with a bottle having a strong neck, and repeat.
this dose every four hours until six or eight doses have been given. Also
apply a cloth wet in ice-water to the feet, and keep wet with the same for
16 CHRONIC FOUNDER.

several hours until the severe pain has been relieved. ‘Wet the cloths often,
and continue for two or three days, or longer if necessary. Give plenty of
cold water to drink, The above treatment should be adopted as soon as
possible after the horse has been attacked with founder. Let the horse have
rest until he hag fully recovered. Give grass or mashes for two or three
days, and then give a good and fair amount of feed.

After the treatment recommended above, if there should still be tender-
ness, we would recommend the use of Kendall’s Spavin Cure to remove it,

ag directed for foot diseases,

Although bleeding is quite strongly recommended by some, yet I am
firmly of the opinion that the above plan, if properly carried out, will be
much more successful. , :

CHRONIC FOUNDER in its worst form is not curable, but may be
palliated. The treatment should depend principally upon softening the’
heof by eiling well with castor oil, and continuing to keep the hoof well
oiled on the bottom and sides up on to the skin.

We would also recommend in shoeing to place a piece of sole leather
which will cover the whole of the bottom of the foot under the shoe
and drive the nails through the leather so as to hold it as long as the shoe
remains on, then pack oakum or cotton batting saturated with tar under the
leather so as to soften up the bottom of the hoof. . ‘This works admirably
in many cases. ‘ .

Some pare the soles of the feet and then allow them to stand in about

' gix inches of sawdust, wet a little every morning for two or three weeks.
This is also.a good plan to follow when: horses are recovering from acute
founder.

The treatment most likely-to effect_a permanent cure is that recom-
mended for foot diseases, which see.

FRAOTURE.—The term fracture is here used to signify a broken bone.

-A fracture 1s termed simple when the bone only is divided ; compound,
when in addition there is an external wound of the integuments com-
municating with it ; commdénuted, when the bone is broken or crushed inte
several pieces

The simple fracture 1s the only variety which calls for much notice, in
view of the fact that it is usually of but little use to attempt to treat either
of the other two varieties.

Many cases of simple fracture may be successfully treated so that the
horse will be useful for many purposes, if not for driving.

Symptoms.—A broken bone 1s usually, detected quite easily, especially
when it isa jong bone of the leg, as the horse has not the power to move,
and also by the looseness ef the leg. The horse is in great pain, excitement,
sweating, ete.
FRACTURE. 17

 

A GOOD WAY TO SLING A HORSE WHEN IT IS THOUGHT BEST TO DO 80.

Treatment—If in the summer season, place the horse in the field or
yard, but in winter in a large, comfortable stable or in the barn-yard, if
well protected from wind and storm. Do not give too much bedding nor
allow anything to be in the way of the foot, so that it can be carried
without interruption. Give twenty-five drops tincture aconite root every
five hours, for the first twenty or twenty-five hours, to lessen thé fever
and pain.

Place the broken leg in a position as near like the other as possible in
shape and also (by actual measurement) to be of the same length, for it is
by neglecting the measurement that some are left to unite shorter than the
sound leg. ete

_ When the leg is placed in the same shape and length of the sound one,
apply a good coating of tar to the leg, around, below and above the point
of fracture. Then wrap the whole leg in carded cotton or coarse tow, and
place over this splints cut out of pieces of boards, which will rest evenly
upon the leg prepared as above, and fill all unevenness with the tow or
cotton. :

Have three or four splints, so as to hold the leg in position constantly.
Secure the whole by carefully applying a strong bandage, or by tying with
soft cord, and make it perfectly secure, so that the horse will not move the
leg where fractured before it has had time to unite.

It is considered by some as bad practice to sling a horse from his feet
18 FROST BITES. -

in cases of fracture, and he will seldom put his foot to the ground until the
tracture has united, so that it is not necessary to sling.

Examine the splints daily and see that they do not get loose.

Give the horse a liberal amount of good feed and cold water.

When the horse is kept i in a stall it is well to make a hole in the floor,
underneath the foot of the broken leg, so that he can stand with the leg at
full length,

"With the splints properly applied the horse may safely be left to himself
and nature will do the rest.

FROST BITES.—A state of numbness or torpifaction’ of a part of the
body, caused by intense cold, which, unless relieved by proper remedies, is
liable to be followed by death of the part. Horses are most liable to be
troubled with frost-bites on the heels and the back part of the hind legs,
_ which swell badly, and are sometimes mistaken for scratches.

Treatment.—It is very important in the treatment of frost-bites that heat
should net be applied suddenly, but that very cold water be applied, by
which means the frest is extracted very slowly.

Any frozen parts should not be rubbed until the frost has been extracted.

After the heat has returned to the part, we know of nothiag which we
think will werk better thun Kendall’s Spavin Cure, applied several times;
as by se deing the great pain and soreness which is sure to follow is gener-
ally averted, and thus the bad running sores which sometimes follow are
prevented. The above treatment is also well adapted to frest-bites on man.

GLANDERS.—This disease is alike fruitful of evil to man and beast,
and is gonerally considered incurable.

A herse may have latent glanders fer years, and work well, the disease
being during this time as contagious as in its developed state.

Cause.—The cause is somewhat varied in different cases, and may be
attributed to filth, starvation, or to debilitating diseases, as lung fever,
catarrh er any disease capable of generating pus, which being absorbed into
the circulation forms a ferment within the blood.

Sympioms.—The membrane lining the nostrils assumes a leaden or pur-
ple color, accompanied by a thin, acrid, transparent and odorless discharge.
This is the first stage, during which the general health dees not suffer and
the horse may do his ordinary work.

The discharge grows thicker, and sinks when placed in water. The
membrane lining the nostrils will be found to have sores, ragged and de-
pressed at the top, with varicose veins leading to them frem all sides.

The appetite fails, and the horse assumes an emaciated and dull appear-
ance. He will be hide-bound, and his legs swell during the day and the
swelling go down at night.
GREASE HEELS. 19

The ulceration of the nose is very bad, and the sores spread into his
throat; the body also is sometimes afflicted oe sores. The horse ultimately
dies in a wasted condition, .

Treatment.—Most horsemen recommend that the horse be shot as soon
as it is decided that he is afflicted with glanders, as they consider the disease’
incurable, but if the following treatment is adopted early it may prove suc-
cessful:

Give from one-half to one ounce doses of sulphite of soda at night, in
cut feed, for several weeks, and five grains Spanish flies (powdered) with it.
Give, at the same time, every morning and noon, a powder consisting of
three drachms powdered gentian, and two drachms powdered sulphate of
copper. Give the medicines for a long time, not only to cure the disease
but to improve the general health. Give a good liberal feed, and change the
feed often. :

GREASE HEELS.+This disease of the heels and legs of horses is char-
acterized by a white, offensive, greasy discharge from the heels of the horse.
The skin becomes hot, tender and swollen, and sometimes sloughs away,
leaving an ugly sore. :

Cause.—Sudden changes of the 2 tarapamatins of the earth, whether it be
frem heat to cold or from wet to dry. This disease generally follows wet
streets, stables or lands.

Treatment.—Keep the legs dry and cleansed well with castile soap and
soft water; then apply, once a day, verdigris, one-half ounce; rum or preof
spirits, one pint; mix, and shake well before applying. Or apply Kendall’s
Spavin Cure after washing well. Some use water, one pint; sulphuric acid,
two drachms; corresive sublimate, one drachm. Mix, and shake before
using. Some cases will be cured by keeping clean and applying glycerine,
four ounces; carbolic acid, one drachm; mixed, and applied twice a day.
‘While some cases are cured quite readily, others will not heal for a long
time.

For obstinate cases use the following: .Take one pound concentrated
lye and dissolve it in two quarts water, and bottle for use; when needed, pour

a Wine-glassful of the solution of lye into six quarts of cold water, and wash
and bathe the heels for half an hour, night and morning. , Dry the heels
- often after the bathing, as they will become very moist. (See Scratches.)

HEEAVES.—This disease is due to rupture and enlargement of the air
cells of the lungs, W which lessens the value and usefulness of the horae.

There is every degree of intensity to beseen in this disease, from the case
that is so slight that only the expert can detect it, to the one where the
patient finds it very difficult to breathe, even when not being exercised.

Qause.—In, cases of heaves, horses are always greedy eaters; and it is
20 HIDE-BOUND.

generally found that they have been fed an
enormous amount of hay or coarse food,
which they are quite sure to eat if they can
possibly find room for it.

Heaves are never found in racing sta-
bles, where the horses are properly fed;
consequently, it is but reasonable to attrib-
ute the cause to everfeeding with hay and
coarse feed.

Treatment,—Restrict the quantity of hay SS ie &
and inerease theamount of grainfeed, which j;y;erppn7rnG TO THE SOUNDS
will give the lings increase of room to act. MADE WITHIN THR WIND-

I shall give here various receipts which PIPE,
experience has'proved to be goed.

FAVORITE RECEIPTS FOR HEAVES.

1st, Assfeetida pulv. one oz; Camphor gum pulv. one-half oz. Mix,
and divide inte feur pewders; feed one every other night for a-week.

2d. Resin, two ozs; tartar emetic, two ozs.; Spanish brown, two 02zs.;
cayenne, two ozs. Mix, and give two teaspoonfuls, twice a day, in the feed.

8d. A horseman with whom I am acquainted says he has cured several
cases of heaves with oil tar. He gives the ordinary case a teaspoonful
every night or every other night, by pouring it on to the tongue.and then
giving some grain which carries it inte the stomach.

He says he has given very bad cases two or three tablespoonfuls at a
dose with grand results. y

He reperts it to be the best remedy in use, and also good for any cough,
or to put a horse in good condition; in fact, it is his ‘cure all.”

4th. As far as our experience goes (which is strongly cerroborated
by the testimony of others), we have found Prof. Flint’s Condition Pow-
ders a very excellent remedy for this difficulty, when fed quite freely for
a few days.

HIDE-BOUND.—A term used to denote the adherence of the skin to
the ribs when the horse is diseased. It usually arises from a deficiency in
the quality or quantity of food, and is commonly an attendant on lingering
diseases. ;

Treatment.—Give mixed feed—cut hay, bran and corn meal, wet with
just enough water to cause the whole to keep together.

The following powders should be given in the feed, every night for two
weeks:

Powdered gention root, three drachme; powdered sulphate of i iron, two
drachms. Mux, and give for ene dose.

HINTS ON FOOCD.—ist. Tho foundation of many diseases is laid im

 
HIP-JOINT LAMENESS. 91

feeding all horses in the same proportions, without any regard to age, con-
stitution, or the work which the horse is reqtired to do. The impropriety
of such a course is readily seen.

2d. Bad hay has not proper nourishment in it; therefore it would be
poor policy to buy it simply because it is cheap, as it is often very dear in
the end.

8d. Old horses will-do better on chaff than on ay, as they can chew
and digest it better!

4th. There is not sufficient nutriment in grass or hay alone to support a
horse well under hard work.

5th. Corn which has been damaged is very injurious, as it will produce
inflammation of the bowels and skin diseases.

6th. Oats and corn are the best nourishment if a horse is worked hard,’
but if not, it should be chiefly hay, because corn and oats supply more
nourishment and flesh-making material than any other kind of fond: but
hay not so much.

7th. Fer a coach horse four to six quarts of good oats and eighteen
pounds of good hay are usually sufficient. Ifa horse should be worked hard,
he should have more of each; but if worked but little, he should have less.

8th. Chopped hay sprinkled with a little water, which has had a tea-
spoonful of salt dissolved in it, is quite pleasing te the taste of the horse, and
is also more easily digested.

9th. Spring or well water is not usually as geod for a horse as water
from a stream or pend, as the former is usually hard and cold.

10th. Horses require and should have at least a pailful ef water, morn-
ing and evening; or, what is better, givea half pailful at feur different times
in a day.

11th. A horse should not be driven nor werked hard directly after he
has had a full draught of water, nor seen after eating heartily, as exertion
prevents digestion.

12th. Do not allow a horse to become accustomed to drinking warm
water, for if compelled to drink cold at any time it will be liable to
cause colic.

18th. Do not work or drive a horse if he refuses his food, after drink.
ing, until you have’given him rest.

“14th. Do not feed nor water a horse directly after his coming in very
warm, but let him walk about until cool; groom him quite dry first with a
wisp of straw and then with a comb and brush, and rub the legs well with
the hand. When he is cool give him his grain.

HIP-JOINT LAMENESS. — This disease is generally seen in young
horses and may be caused by rheumatism or by some accident, although it
is due oftentimes to a hereditary taint,
22 INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH.

Symptoms.—The leg appears shorter, and, when the horse is standing, is
placed slightly under the body and not doubled up, or standing upon the
toe, as is seen in diseases of hock-joint. In nearly all cases of so-called hip
and whirl-bone disease, the true seat of disease will be found to be in the
hock-joint. (See Spavin.)

In hip-joint lameness there is 2 dragging or swaying motion of the limb
outward. An extra degree of heat will be found over this joint.

Treatment.—Give the horse absolute rest for a few weeks, and begin,
when first allowed to rest, to apply cold water cloths over the hip-joint,
which continue one or two days or more, until the heat and tenderness have
been removed.

Then apply Kendall’s Spavin Cure two or three times a day for two or
three weeks, or longer if necessary, and allow a week’s rest after stopping
its use. *

INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH 73 caused generally by some poison
given to improve the coat of the animal. Some persons are in a habit of
giving powders composed of poisonous drugs to improve the general appear-
ance of the horse, and which, if given in proper quantities and sufficiently
diluted, so as not to’ come in contact with the coating of the stomach while
in its full strength, might perhaps do good in many cases, but when given by
an ignorant person, it is sometimes given not only full strength, but in large
doses, on the principle that, if a little will do good, a larger amount will do
more good. 2

Symptoms.—The horse is frantic on account of the excessive pain, but
the symptoms are not decided in all cases. :

The following symptoms occur, but not all in each case; nor do they
occur simultaneously : Great thirst;
loathing of food; redness of the mem-
branes ; frequent eructations which
smell bad; discharge of thick saliva;
rolling, pawing, colic; striking at

‘ the belly ; panting; tucked-up flanks;
quick. and small pulse; passing
mucus in large quantities; straining;
looking at the abdomen; loss of
strength; convulsions; madness, and
death. :

Treatment.—Give at once 2 ozs.
tiricture of opium, 14 ozs. sulphuric
ether, and 2 ozs. magnesia, in one =
quart of cold gruel or milk, and re- SUFFERING FROM ACUTE INFLAMMA=
peatif necessdry. TION OF THE STOMACH,

 
QNFLUENZA. 23

Tf corrosive sublimate is known to be the poison, give fifteen or twenty
Taw eggs with the above drench.

INFLUENZA.—An epidemic disease occurring in the spring of the year.

Symptoms.—A chill, succeeded by increased heat of the body, and fever,
cough, discharge ef mucus from the nose, loss of appetite, great pros-
tration, followed in a day or two with swelling of the legs, and, in some bad
cases, of the belly, breast, etc. These symptoms vary some in different cases,

Treatment—Cever the horse with a good blanket, and place him in a
good cemfertable stable, with proper ventilation but not too cold. Give
twenty drops of tincture of aconite root in a little cold water, every four
hours, until four or five doses have been piven, and allow ihe horse plenty
of good cold water to drink.

 

A-FREQUENT SIGHT WHEN IT WAS THE CUSTOM TO BLEED AND TREAT
TOO ACTIVELY IN THIS DISHAsE. ;

Then give the following: Powdered gentian, 4 ounces; powdered
fenugreek, 4 ounces; and powdered licorice root, 2 ounces. Mix, and
divide into twenty-five powders, and give two or three each day. Allow
the horse to have rest until he has fully recovered.

INTERFERING.—This is usually the result of weakness of the horse,
although the blacksmith is frequently blamed for it, and perhaps justly, ©
sometimes, on account of being somewhat careless, when the interfering
might have been avoided with a little care. Yet the cause is generally
weakness. a .

Treatment.—Give the strengthening powder recommended for the
treatment of bots, and feed well.

-RIDNEYS, DISEASE OF. —The straddling gait, as represented i in the
24 KIDNEYS, DISEASE OF.

engraving below, is not peculiar to any one disorder of the kidneys more
than to another, but when it is seen it is always the result of some disorder
of the kidneys. |

GRAVEL.—Caleuli, stony or gritty
matter formed in the kidneys, which
© passes off in the urine. It causes some
' irregularity in making water.

Treatment.—Give thirty-five drops
of muriatic acid, in a pailful of water
to drink, and repeat twice a week.

_ Bloody urine should be treated by
placing warm water cloths over the
back, above the kidneys, and giving-
flaxseed tea te drink, which will soothe
the parts. When old horses are
troubled with kidney diseases they can
be helped a great deal by giving soft
feed, such as boiled or steamed feed, or
newly cut grass, with flaxseed tea and
SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES OF THE plenty of good cold water to drink at
URINARY ORGANS. all times.

INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER Symptoms almost the same as those
of inflammation of the kidneys. ‘The tenderness is found when the horse is
pressed upon under the flanks. 7

Treatment about the same as for inflammation of the kidneys, which
see. Give a quart of raw linseed oil or other physic, as for inflammation
of the kidneys.

INFLAMMATION OF THE Kyipneys is
caused by poor provender, hard work, slip-
ping, taking a sudden cold after a hard |
day’s work or drive, or after being under
the saddle for a long time; and also, by
an indiscriminate use of nitre or other |i

_ diuretics. — EG

Symptoms. —Quickened and short ' dhe
breathing, suggestive of pain; more or
less fever, with quick, hard pulse; unwill-
ingness to move the hind legs*which the
animal straddles apart when he walks, as
shown in the engraving above ; looking
anxiously around to his flanks; urine TEST FOR INFLAMMATION OF
scanty and high colored, and sometimes THE KIDNEYS,

 

 
LAMENESS. 25

bloody. The horse seldom lies down and almost refuses to move about,
and crouches beneath pressure made over the kidneys, as shown in the en-
graving. This-disease is sometimes confounded with colic, ,which see.

Treatment.—Do not give any diuretics, as they will do more harm than
good. Use hot fomentations over the kidneys, and change the cloths often.
In the first stage give twenty to ferty-five grains of powdered opium, and
fifteen grains of calomel, sprinkled on the tongue, and repeat every hour or
two, for a few times, or while the acute stage continues. No food will be
necessary during the acute stage of the disease, but it would be well te set
before the horse a pailful of good linseed tea and allow him to drink all he
will. If the pulse is quick and hard, as is usually the case, give twenty
drops of tincture of aconite root, either between-doses of opium and calemel
or after it has been given,-and repeat ‘until the pulse! becomes slower and
softer.. Give the horse a month’s rest, and use carefully for some time,

LAMENESS.—It occurs as a symptom in spavin, ring-bone, bruises,
sprains, fractures, and many wounds and injuries, which we treat of in
their proper places. We do net know of any remedy which equals Kendall’s
Spavin Cure, for lameness of every kind, and it is equally good for lame-
nesson man. .

LAMPERS, (written also, Lampass).—A swelling of some of the lower
bars of a horse’s mouth; so named because formerly removed by burning
with a lamp or hot iren.-

Treatment.—Pinch or cut the bars until they pled, and then rubina
little table salt, which is much better than burning the mouth with a red-
hot iron.

LUNGS, DISEASES OF. —The lungs are subject to many diseases,

PyevuMenta.—(Lung Fever). In this disease the substance of the lungsis
inflamed, instead of the air. passages, as-in bronchitis.

Symptoms.—The horse will often-
times have a discharge from the nos-
trils, fellowing a sudden exposure to
cold, after being kept in & warm °
stable, and then the disease is ushered.
in by a chill, followed by fever,
which is-increased for a short time;
cold legs and ears; quick and wiry,
pulse; quick and difficult breathing;
pain in the chest, whichisaggravated SS
by coughing; and a quivering of the ComMMENCEMENT OF INFLAMMATION
muscles of the side and breast. OF THE LUNGS.

The horse will not eat, and continually stands with his head down and
ears lopped, and will not lie down nor move about; the nostrils are expanded,

 
26 : LUNGS, DISEASES OF.

Tf the ear is applied to the side of the chest or neck, a peculiar creaking
noise is heard.

_Cause.—Perhaps one of the most frequent causes is a hard or fast drive
against a cold wind, after being taken .
from a warm, tight and poorly. ven-
tilated stable, where several horses
have remained through the night, or
some different alteration and sudden
‘ change of heat, cold or moisture in

an animal not accustomed to work,
or in one not in proper condition to-
work.

Treatment.—The stable dlaeild be
a comfortable place; not too cold and
yet well ventilated. Give the horse PosITION ASSUMED IN THE LAST STAGE
clothing aceording to the weather, OF PNEUMONIA. ~
but do not change from a heavy blanket to a light one, nor to one that is
damp. Keep the legs warm with bandages,

Give twenty-five drops of the tincture of aconite root, in a eupful of
cold water, and repeat the dose every four hours, until five or six doses have
been given, which will probably cause the horse te perspire freely. . Care -
should be taken not to allow the horse to stand in a draft ef air. Do not bleed,
as some recommend. It was my misfortune, in my early life, to place a
horse, sick with this disease, under the care of a so-called veterinary surgeon, |
who bled the horse freely, and directed to give him large doses of Dover’ 8
powder every four hours. I was not only the five dollars out which he
charged me, but came very near being out a good herse. The horse was
about ruined for life, and probably would not have lived but formy own
timely interference, by supporting the horse with vigorous tonic and stimu-
lating treatment. When the disease turned (as commonly expressed) the
horse needed every drop of the blood which had been so cruelly taken from
him. -

After the horse has taken sufficient tincture of aconite root, as soon as he
seems to have an appetite for food, a pint of crushed oats, thoreughly

- scalded, may be given during the day. Great care should be taken not to
allow the horse a large amount of food at one time, which would over-
load the stomach, and might cause a return of the disease. Little and often
must be the rule at first, and then the quantity may be increased, while the
frequency is diminished. Do not give any hay for several days.

Raw eggs and other nourishing and stimulating articles may be given,
if the horse shows signs of great weakness. The nourishment should be in
@ concentrated form, and bay and grass should be kept from the horse-for a

 
PLEURISY, 27

few days, and then given in quantities small at first and gradually increased,
The horse will not lie down until-improvement has taken place.

PLEURISY.—This is an inflammation of the membrane covering the
iungs and lining the cavity of the chest.

Sympioms.—A chill, fever, an occasional painful and short cough, and
careful breathing, and a disinclination to turn short. A peculiar line will
“usually be seen running from the haunch, round the belly to the breast-bone.
The breath is not so quick and short as in inflammation of the lungs.

Causes.—Broken ribs or wounds, and other causes similar to those pro-
ducing lung fever.

Treaiment.—The treatment should be about the same as for lung fever.
Feed well while the horse is convalescing.

Azscuss or THE Lunes—This is sometimes the termination of lung
fever, and is very much to be dreaded.

Tréatment.—Should be the same as for gianders, and the patient should
be supported, if necessary, by giving raw eggs, tonica, stimulants, etc.

NASAL GLEET.—This is a chronic discharge from the nostrils, of_a
whitish, muco-purulent matter. It is generally caused by neglecting to
treat catarrh and colds properly. The horse may look well and feel well,
and the general health be quite good.

ZT reatment.—Give a course of tonic powders, and feed well. Powders
like those recommended in the treatment of bots will. do well

NAVICULAR DISEASE. (See Foot Diseases.)

POLL EVIL.—This consists of a formation of pus like an abscess, and
is familiar to all horsemen.

Cause.—Disease of "the bone, or injury to the part.

Treatment.—Open the swelling as soon as it has become a little soft,
before the pus has had time to burrow down among the. bones, and thus”
prevent the spread of the disease. :

Make a large opening so as te allow all the pus to escape, and clean out
well, if necessary, with a swab, so as to remove all the pus, and .do this’
twice a day as long as any pus remains. Syringe out with a solution of
carbolic acid, fifty drops to each pint of soft water.

PROUD FLESH.—A name commonly used to describe an excessive

growth of flesh on an ulcer, or excessive granulation. To cure this, sprinkle
a little powdered blue vitriol or burnt alum on the surface.

QUITTOR.—A chronie abscess in the hoof, caused by a bruise or prick
of the sole, or from the calk ef one foot being pressed into the coronet of
the other, confined pus from suppuratien, corn, etc.
88 RHEUMATISM.

Symptoms.—'The horse is very lame on account of the inflammation be-
fore suppuration takes place, but is relieved somewhat as soon as the quittor
has burst. ‘ :

Preatment.—This should begin as soon as any lameness is discovered
from any of the above named causes, and the inflammation stopped, if possi-
ble, before suppuration takes place. Kendall’s Spavin Cure, applied freely
to any of the injuries which result in quittor, will prevent this termination,
if applied in season; but if it is not cut short, then keep clean aad apply a
solution of carbolic acid, one ounce, to water, one quart.

Poultices of flaxseed meal are sometimes very useful.

RHEUMATISM.—In acute rheumatism there is great excitement and
fever, with severe pain in the legs-and joints. This pain is so severe that the
horse hardly dares to méve from the place he occupies, on account of the
extreme pain which it causes, He has no unnatural heat in the feet, as in
founder. ;

Cause.—Exposure to a draft of cold air when a horse has been heated.
thus suddenly checking perspiration.

Treatment.—Place the horse in a good, comfortable stable, as soon a8
possible after it is discovered that he is afflicted with acute rheumatism, and
commence the following treatment. Give the horse about twenty-five drops
of the tincture of aconite root, every four hours, until five or six doses have
been given. :

Cover with a blanket, and give the horse general goed cara, Give the
following powders as soon as the tincture of aconite has been given: Bicar-
bonate ef seda, 4 ounces; sulphur, 8 ounees; saltpetre, powdered, 4 ounces,
Mix, and divide into eight powders, and give two.or three times a day,
according to the severity of the ease, and repeat if necessary.

Apply Kendall’s Spavin Cure to.the joints, or to any part which swells
or is tender.

Curonic RoEvMatisM.—This is a frequent cause of lameness, and it is
oftentimes quite difficult to decide fully as to the cause of the lameness.

Treatment.—For this form of the disease we recommend the same pow-
ders.as given above for acute rheumatism, only to be continued a longer time,
and to apply the Kendall’s Spavin Cure to the afflicted parts. Only a small
quantity need be used at atime, but it should be rubbed well down to the
skin, and continued for several weeks if it should be necessary to continue
so long. The Kendall's Spavin Cure, used twice a day, is also the best
external remedy we know of for this disease in man; but it should be used
for some time, as the disease, when of long standing, can not be cured ina
few days. It may be applied, a small quantity at a time, and continued for
from one to three or four weeks, if necessary.
RING-BONE. : 29

RING-BONE.—(For posttion sce plate of skeleton.) Ring-bone is the
result, usually, of weakness, hereditary predisposition, or of a peouliar for-
mation of the pastern joints which makes them poorly adapted to hard
work; and therefore a provisional callus (or bony substance) is thrown out
as a prevision of nature to strengthen parts which are too weak,

Only slight injuries to such a joint as we have described above will in
inany cases result in the growth of a ring-bone. .

Treatment. The treatment of ring-bone has been very unsatisfactory in
the past and is still attended with much difficulty in some cases, especially
those of long standing and on old herses; yet we feel certain that the fol-

f lowing treatment will prove successful in a large share
of cases, if persevered in. We find many persons who
expect a cure too soon, and condemn the best treatment
possible before they have used it long enough fot it to
have any effect whatever, and therefore we say if you
would treat ring-bone successfully never step in a few
days, as so serious an affection can not be removed in so
short atime. If it is of recent origin, and the herse is
young, we feel confident that nearly all such cases can
be cured with a proper use of Kendall's Spavin Gure;
but if the case is of long standing, and on an old horse,

; the chances of a cure are lessened, and therefore we find

PENGEDORE, «Me necessary in many cases to use, with the Spavin Cure,
1. The joint between X ondall’s Blister, as per direction on the bottle.

the pastern bones.

@ The jeint between 1 using the Kendall’s Spavin Cure, clip the hatr over
the lower pastem the bunch and apply from every other day to two or
(or small pastern) three times a day as seems to work best; rub well with
andthe coffin bone. 46 hand often. In most cases it would be well to apply

soft soap, once in four to ten days, to soak up the scab, then clean off and

apply Kendall’s Spavin Cure again. “In some very bad cases, where the

Spavin Cure does not seem to remove the bunch and lameness, after using

one bottle, it would be best to use our Blister, followed by the application

of Kendall’s Spavin Cure every day for two or three weeks, when the Blis-
ter can be repeated, if necessary.

In using Kendall’s Blister clip,the hair over the bunch and rvb in the
Blister well for ten minutes or more. Put on some sweet oil or othe: {Tease
in two days. When the inflammation subsides wash with castile soap and
‘warm water, and when it is dry apply Kendall’s Spavin Cure as ‘directed on
bottle. Hf the case does net yield in two or three weeks, use the Blister
again as before, followed by the Spavin Cure in two or three days.

- Tie up the horse's head for a few hours after the Blister has been applied.

We would say that this Blister works admirably alone in many cases (not