PES ecd oe ite a 413 Ay rank RV AaRSer RAIA UN Aire ae a rk : , Sa a i ne 3 ae Pe gees Str et i oy wot " by 4iy, bib dete ANAS PENA bhi 3, S Wiebe.” fel Banu bs) eer Seer ane Spa ACT Kb) Sod geeky Sa ba i Moab! ad hee Ae See ey PoUnEY SAE TAT A : NEUSE SIA ER NEE ERR ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New YorRK STATE COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND HomME ECONOMICS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY EVERETT FRANKLIN PHILLIPS BEEKEEPING LIBRARY LB.Gilmore; Sept. 21573. wwe ™m THE BEE-KEEPER’S GUIDE; OR MANUAL OF THE APIARY BY A. J. COOK, ProFEssor OF ENTOMOLOGY IN THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Author of “Injurious Insects of Michigan,” “ Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush,” and “ Silo and Silage.” FOURTEENTH EDITION, REVISED, ENLARGED, RE-WRITTEN, AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED, SIXTEENTH THOUSAND. LANSING, MICHIGAN: 1891, oe ae ne ° Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by ALBERT J. COOK, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. TO THE REVEREND L. L..LANGSTROTH, THE INVENTOR OF THE MOVABLE FRAME HIVE, THE HUBER OF AMERICA, AND ONE OF THE GREATEST MASTERS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE, AS RELATING TO APICULTURE, IN THE WORLD, “THIS MANUAL IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTIIOR. PREFACE. In 1876, in response to a desire frequently expressed by my apiarian friends, principally my students, I published an edition of 3,000 copies of the little unpretending “ Manual of the Apiary.” This was little more than the course of lectures which I gave annually at the College. In less than two years this was exhausted, and the second edition, enlarged, revised, and much more fully illustrated, was issued. So great was the sale that in less than a year this was followed by the third and fourth editions, and, in less than two years, the fifth edition (seventh thousand) wa issued. In each of the two following years, another edition war demanded. In each of these editions the book has beer enlarged, changes made and illustrations added, that the work might keep pace with our rapidly advancing art. So great has been the demand for this work, not only at home and in Europe, but even in more Cistant lands, and so great has been the progress of apiculture—so changed the views and methods of our best bee-keepers, that the author feels warranted in thoroughly revising ‘and entirely recasting this eighth edition (tenth thousand). Not only is the work re-written, but much new matter, and many new and costly illustrations are added. The above I quote directly from the preface of the eighth edition, published in 1883. Since then four editions have appeared, each revised as the progress of the art required. In electrotyping the eighth edition, through an accident vi Preface. very poor work was done, so that the impressions of the last three editions have been far from satisfactory. This has led me to wholly revise the present edition. In doing this I have thought it wise to add largely, especially to the scientific portion, as the intelligence of our bee-keepers demands the fullest information. I have thus added one: hundred and fifty pages and more than thirty illustrations.. All this has involved so much expense that I am forced, though very reluctantly, to increase the price of the work.. Iam glad to welcome advertisers, as I can thus afford the book at a less price; and as I only admit advertisements. from those whom I know to be reliable, this makes the book more valuable. As our bee-keepers know, I have permitted wide use of the illustrations prepared expressly for this work, believing heartily in the motto “greatest good to the greatest number;’” so I have drawn widely from others. Of the cuts used the following were prepared expressly for this work: 1, 3, 55 6, 8; 9, 10, 25, 26, 27) 315 35) 425 43) 445 455 40, 47, 48, 49, 50, 515 545 551 56, 61, 65; 69, 715 725 73, 74, 78, 79; 81, 88, 91,93, 96, 114, 118, 125, 126, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, -148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195» 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, and 222. The following were copied for this work, often with some change, from Schiemenz: 11, 21, 37, 40, 415 from Duncan: 2, 8, 16, 18, 24, 28, 30, 53; from Wolff: 155 21, 36, 39; from Leuckart: 23, 33, 34; from Cheshire: 14, 20; from Gegenbower: 13, 14; from Gray: 144, 148; from Riley: 142, 196; from Swammerdam: 12; from Dujardin: 17; from Packard: 19; from Girard: 38; from Neighbor: Preface. Vil 49; from Bryant: 52; from Munn: 57,58. The follow- ing were kindly loaned by Mr, Root: 7, 56, 59, 60, 64, 68, 75, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, IOI, 102, 109, TIO, LIT, 112, 113, 117, 122, 128, 129, 132, 133, 139, 152, 172, 173, 174, 182, 183, 185, 1875 from Mr. Newman: 29, 32, 87, 90, 107, 119, 120, 121, 124, 127, 130, 135, 136, 155, 167, 169; from Mr. Jones: 62, 65, 123,131; from Mr. Heddon: 63, 64, 66, 67, 70, 92, 137, 1385 from Mr. Lewis: 103; from Mr. Bingham: 108, 116; from Mr. Muth: 104, 105, 134; from Mr. Stanley: 106; from Mr. Whitman: 98; and from Mr. L. C. Root, 115, I wish again to express my thanks and gratitude to our wide-awake American apiarists, without whose aid it would have been impossible to have written this work. I am under special obligation to Messrs. Cowan, Newman and Root, and to my many students who have aided me, both in the apiary and laboratory. As I stated in the preface to the eighth edition, it is my desire and determination that this work shall continue to be the exponent of the most improved apiculture; and no pains will be spared, that each succeeding edition may embody the latest improvements and discoveries wrought out by the practical man and the scientist, as gleaned from the excellent home and foreign apiarian and scientific periodicals, A. J. COOK. State Agricultural College, Mich., Fuly, 1888. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. Who May Keep Bees.. Specialists 1 Amateurs 1 Who Should not Keep Bees. 2 Inducements to Bee Keeping 2 Recreation. 2 Profits .... 3 Excellence as an Amateur Pursuit. 5 Adaptation to Women... 5 Improves the Mind and ‘tie Absezvation: . Yields Delicious Food 8 8 What Successful Bee Keeping Requires. 9 Mental Effort..essessesses 9 Experience Necessary 9 Learn from Others 10 Aid from Conventions 10 Aid from Bee Journals.. 10 American Bee Journal.. 11 Gleanings in Bee Culture. ll Bee-Keepers’ Magazine.. il Canadian Bee Journal 11 Bee-Keepers’ Guide... 12 American Apiculturists 12 Canadian Honey Producer. 12 Bee-Keeper’s Review 12 Books for the Apiarist..... 12 Langstroth on the Honey-Bee.. 12 Quinby’s Mysteries of Bee Keeping... 13 King’s Text Book........0 13 ABC of Bee Culture 13 Bees and Honey... 13 Blessed Bees... 14 Bee-Keepers’ Handy Book.. 14 Success in Bee Culture 14 A Year Among the Bees 14 The Production of Comb Honey. 14 , x Contents. PAGE Foreign Publications... 2 British Bee Journal. Foreign Books id Promptitude.... 16 Oth us ia Siti xaverscaiionenisassthascesanteapemn mes Ww PAR I. qi NATURAL HISTORY OF THE HONEY-BEE, CHAPTER I, The Bee’s Place in the Animal Kingdom Branch of the Honey-Bee...... The Class of the Honey-Bee .. Sub-Class of the Honey-Bee.. Order of the Honey-Bee... Family of the Honey-Bee. The Genus of the Honey-Bee. Species of our Honey-Bees Races of the Honey-Bee... German or Black Bee.. Ligurian or Italian........... The Syrian and Cyprian Bates: Other Races. Bibliography... Valuable Books for the Student of Entomology. CHAPTER IL. Anatomyand Physiol ogy s