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Caine edenene rete Fact HEPAT, te ol Lo plete eee lee Linear ines ne oe erie eis trpete Set eatin consul RSs Seal dos btn eh lettered anal BORE Lenten z fel tian tote ae ices apes ta Deen eer ie ef aeehe soins ss Sei Renee et Lela ees Seeea ia pI a eer ies ie ies plese a6 pen frien neat ti Saar me Sel et eel ST pa th PTL IT a rhea Teee bh tPF CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ENGINEERING LIBRARY Cornell University Libra ozoic fossi ) “wan DATE DUE 139-92 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. SIR W. E. LOGAN, F.R.S., DIRECTOR. PALHOZOIC FOSSILS. VOLUME I. CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF ORGANIC REMAINS FROM THE SILURIAN ROCKS. 1861-1865. BY E. BILLINGS, FGS. MONTREAL: DAWSON BROTHERS. LONDON, NEW YORK, AND PARIS: BAILLIERE. 1865. Noe SES ses ff Cn PREFACE. The following work consists of descriptions of new species of organic remains from the Lower and Middle Silurian rocks, with re-descriptions, and, in some instances, additional details and illustrations of a few that were previously published either in the annual reports of the Survey or in the scientific journals of the Province. It has been prepared from time to time, according as the new forms were discovered, or as more, perfect specimens of those already known were procured. The only systematic arrangement, therefore, that could be followed, was to group the descrip- tions together in a series of articles. The first portion, consisting of twenty-four pages, was issued in November, 1861,—the second, pages 25 to 56, in January, 1862,—the third, pages 57 to 168, in June, 1862,— the fourth, pages 169 to 844, in February, 1865, while the remainder, completing the volume, will bear date herewith. The first twenty-four pages, and also 57 to 72, have been reprinted with some alterations, the substance of which is specified by Mr. Bruuines in the appendix on page 419. ‘The figures were all drawn from nature by Mr. H. 8. Surry, the artist of the Survey, and engraved on wood by Mr. J. H. WaLkrr of this city. W. HE. LOGAN. GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY OFFICE, Montreal, October, 1865. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. Pan#sozo1c Fossizs. Nov. 1861.* I. On some new or little-known species of Lower Silurian Fossils from the Potsdam Group (Primordial Zone). By HE. Bruuines, F.G.S. The fossiliferous rocks on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle, from which a portion of the species hereinafter described were procured, consist of the following in descending order :— 1. Limestones.—Reddish and greenish-coloured limestone, varying in some places to grey, with some red and green shale. The fossils are Palcophycus incipiens, Archeo- cyathus Atlanticus, A. profundus, Obolus Labradoricus, Obolellu chromatica, O.? cin- gulata, Olenellus Vermontana, O. Thompsoni, Conocephalites miser, Bathyurus parvulus, B, senectus, Salterella rugosa, S. pulchella, and S. obtusa. There are, besides these, two species of Orthis and one of Orthisina, and numerous fragments of trilobites, apparently of several undescribed forms. The thickness of these limestones is 141 feet. 2. Sanpstones.—Grey, red and reddish-grey sandstones, the lower beds holding peb- bles of white quartz from the size of a pea to one or two pounds in weight. The only fossil observed is Scolithus linearis. Thickness 231 feet. These rocks rest upon the Laurentian, and their fossils show them to be of the age of the Potsdam group. They were examined by Mr. J. Rich- ardson during the past summer. Another exposure of rocks of the same age occurs about three miles east of Phillipsburgh in the County of Missisquoi, and extends south ito the State of Vermont, where it is largely developed, and constitutes tue Red sandrock of the geologists of that state. During several visits made to this exposure last summer, I could find no fossils on the Canadian side of the boundary-line, but several important localities occur in the imme- diate neighbourhood in Vermont. At one of these, 12 mile east of Swanton, a number of species have been found by the Rev. J. B. Perry and Dr. G. M. Hall of that town. These gentlemen are engaged in making a careful geological examination of the rocks and fossils of * The following twenty-four pages were reprinted in 1864, See Preface. 2 their neighbourhood, and have requested me to describe the new species collected by them. At this locality Pulwophycus incipiens, Obolella cingulata, Olenellus Vermoutana and O. Thompsoni occur in the black slates conformably interstratified with the sandstones and magnesian lime- stones which constitute the principal mass of the formation. It will be observed that several other species are also found here ; but the prevailing forms are the four above mentioned, and, as they are most abundant in the limestones of the Straits of Belle Isle, there can be little doubt that the two deposits, although 860 miles distant from each other, are of the same age. The occurrence of Seolithus linearis and the general aspect of the fossils, also show that these rocks must be very nearly, if not exactly, in the same geolozical horizon with the Upper Primal sandstones and slates of Pennsylvania. PLANTA. ScOLITHUS LiNEARIS. (Hall.) Scolithus linearis.—(Hall.) Pal., N.Y. Vol. I, Pl. I. Figs. 1, a, 6, ¢. This species occurs at Anse au Loup in the sandstone, but I have not detected it in the limestone of that locality. The form differs from the one which is so common in the Potsdam sandstone of Canada in being larger and straighter. It is perfectly identical with that of the Upper Primal sandstone of Pennsylvania, and also with that of the Potsdam sandstone of Tennessee. (Formation II of Prof. Safford.) PaLHopuycus INcIPIENS. (N. sp.) Description.—This species consists of elongated straight or slightly curved stems from half an inch to three-fourths of an inch in width. The transverse section is irregularly oval, with two acute edves, but it is prob- able that this flattened form is due to compression. Although numerous specimens lying in the rock were examined, no indization of branching was observed. ‘The specimens are usually from four to six inches in length, but some are more than one foot. They occur abundantly on the surface of certain strata, and the specimens from .\nse au Loup are perfectly iden- tical with those which abound in the slates near Swanton in ‘Vermont, holding Conocephalites, Olenellus Thompsont, O. Vermontana, &e. Locality and Formation.—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle ; sandstone of the Potsdam group. Also 14 mile east of Swanton, in the State of Vermont, in rocks of the same ave. Collectors.—J. Richardson, Rev. J. B. Perry, and Dr. G. M. Hall. PALHOPHYCUS CONGREGATUS. (N. sp.) Deseription.—Stems cylindrical, from one to four lines in diameter, often crowded together in such abundance as to completely cover the surface of the rock. They lie across each other in every direction, and appear to be so interlaced that where very thick the same stem can seldom be traced for more than one inch in length. They are either straight or crooked, and sometimes present sudden slight enlargements of the diameter, giving them a somewhat nodulose aspect. Locality and Formation.— One mile south of the boundary line, on the road leading from Moor’s Corners in St. Armand to Saxe’s Mills in [ligh- gate, Vermont. In the thin beds of the Potsdam group. Red sandrock formation of Vermont. Collector.—K. Billings. PROTOZOA. In the limestone at Anse au Loup there are numerous fossils which from their radiated structure have the aspect of true corals, and yet in polished sections seem to possess the poriferous organization of sponges. I shall therefore leave it an open question as to which of the two divisions they should be referred. There appear to be two closely allied genera, but for the present I shall place all the species in one. [Since the above was written I have, in 1864, ascertained by treating a silicified specimen of A. Minganensis with acid that it contains numer- ous silicious spicula, and these fossils must, therefore, be classified among the extinct tribes of sponges. ] Genus ArcHEocyaTuus. (N. gen.) Generic characters.—Turbinate simple or aggregate ; cup deep. The internal structure, so far as can be made out, consists of an inner wall constituting the inner surface of the cup, and an external wall or epitheca enveloping the whole. Between the two walls there are numerous radia- ting septa, the interseptal spaces being filled with poriferous or cellular tissue. It is highly probable that the imner wall is permeated by pores communicating with the interseptal tissue. [The radiating septa are, in A. profundus, perforated with small pores. The spicula found in A. Minganensis are slender, fusiform, slightly curved, acute at both extremities. | In A. Ailanticus the radiated structure is not so well defined as it is in the others, but still it can be observed in the polished sections. In 4 A. profundus the septa are well developed, and give to the fossil the aspect of a Petraia or Zaphrentis. Jt may be that these two species should be placed in different genera; but as there are numerous fragments of what appear to be intermediate forms, it would seem to be the better course to group them together in the first instance. ARCHEOCYATHUS PROFUNDUS. (N. sp.) A. Minganensis, pars, as published in 1861. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 1.—The slender base of attachment. Fig. 2.—A longitudinal section through the base of the cup of a worn specimen; a, wu transverse section of a fragment where the diameter of the cup is 3} inches, showing the radiating septa between the outer and inner walls. Fig. 3.—A transverse section across the base below the bottom of the cup. Fig. 4.—Fragment of an individual which is 3} inches in diameter, showing the annulations and the septal strix, 5 Description.—Flongate, turbinate, more or less curved, the basal one or two inches slender, then rapidly expanding to a diameter of from one to four inches, then becoming cylindrical. The form is that of a large Cyathophyllum or Zaphrentis. The cavity of the cup extends in depth nearly to the base. The radiating septa are thin and closely crowded together, there being eight or ten in the width of three lines. The surface is annulated by strong rough ridges from three to six lines distant from each other, the intervening furrows being two or three lines deep. The inner wall of the cup is exceedingly thin, apparently less than half a line. In none of the specimens is the outer wall preserved except in spots, and there only partially. The large individuals appear to have attained a length of more than one foot with a diameter of from two to four inches. In 1861 I referred this species to A. Mingunensis, but further exami- nation induces me to regard it as distinct. The latter is more deeply and distantly annulated, and, besides, it occurs in a higher geological position than does the former, having been found only in the Calciferous formation. Locality and Formation—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle ; limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector.—J. Richardson. ArcHEocrataus AtLanticus. (N. sp.) Fig. 5. Fig. 5.—a, a fragment of this species ; 5, a transverse section ; c, a longitudinal section of the same. 6 Deseription.—The only specimen of this species in the collection is @ fragment four inches and a-half in length, fourteen lines in diameter at the larger and nine lines at the smaller extremity. Where the diameter 1s eleven lines the cavity of the cup is four and a-half lines across, and the space between the walls three lines. Of the radiating poriferous septa there are about sixty ; they are so irregular that it is only in certain places in finely polished sections that the radiated structure can be detected. On one side where the specimen is weathered the structure presents the appearance of a rather compact cellular tissue. The form appears to be elongate conical, gradually tapering, the surface marked by wide shallow encircling oblique annulations, from three to six lines distant from each other. The outer wall does not seem to be poriferous, but this appearance may be due to the crystalline condition of the rock into which it is converted. Locality and Formation—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle ; limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector.—J. Richardson. BRACHIOPODA. OzoLtus Lapraporicus. (N. sp.) Fig. 6. Fig. 6.—Dorsal valve of O. Labradoricus. Description—Dorsal valve sub-circular, the hinge-line straight and equal to about three-fourths the width of the shell; rather strongly and uniformly convex, most prominent at one-fourth the length from the beak, the latter small, neatly pointed, scarcely distinct from the cardinal edge. Surface with fine concentric stria, which converge slightly on approaching the cardinal edge 15 to 20 in one line, and also with a few cvarser con- centric undulations of growth, the whole crossed by minute radiating strie just visible to the naked eye. The shell is black and friable like that of a Lingula. Length, 54 lines ; width, about 6 lines. Ventral valve unknown. Locality and Formation—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle. Limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector. —J. Richardson. Genus OBoLELLA. (N. gen.) Generic characters.—Shell ovate circular or sub-quadrate, convex or plano-convex. Ventral valve with a false area which is sometimes minute and usually grooved for the passage of the peduncle. Dorsal valve either with or without an area. Muscular impressions in the ventral valve four ; one pair in front of the beak near the middle or in the upper half of the shell, and the others situated one on each side near the car- dinal edge. Shell calcareous. Surface concentrically striated, sometimes with thin extended lamellose ridges. In general form these shells somewhat resemble Odolus, but the arrange- ment of the muscular impressions is different. In Ololus the two central scars have their smaller extremities directed downwards, and converging towards each other; but in this genus the arrangement is exactly the reverse. The three species in which I have seen the muscular impressions are the following :— 1.— 0. chromatica,—hereinafter described. In this species the central muscular impressions are divergent below. 2.—A species which occurs in the well-known deposit of limestone near Troy in the State of New York. This is probably Aviewla ? desquamata. (Hall) (Pal. N.Y., vol. I, p. 292, plate lxxx, fig. 3.) In two specimens of this species which I have before me the scars are in the upper part of the valve and diverge below. The small scar on each side close to the margin is visible. 3.—A small species from the Potsdam sandstone of the St. Croix River in the Western States, where it occurs associated with the Primor- dial trilobites described by the late eminent geologist, Dale Owen. In this the central scars are close together, one on each side of the median line and parallel. The genus appears to be closely allied to Obolus, but sufficiently dift ferent, on account of the disposition of the muscular impressions, to be classified as distinct therefrom. OBOLELLA CHROMATICA. (N. sp.) © © Hf Fig. 7. Obolella chromatica.—a. Ventral valve ; 6. dorsal; 4. interior of one of the valves, supposed to be the ventral, showing the muscular impressions; c. outline restored from detached valves. 8 Description.—Broad-oval, the rostral extremity obtusely pointed, front broadly rounded, greatest width a little below the middle ; both valves rather strongly and uniformly convex, most tumid at about one third the lenvth from the beak. Ventral valve more acute above than the dorsal, beak depressed below the greatest elevation of the shell, slightly elevated above the margin, with a small area beneath it which is inclined backward at an angle which varies from 45° to 60°. Dorsal valve with an obtusely rounded umbo, the beak scarcely distinct from the cardinal edge and not elevated above the margin. Surface with fine concentric strie or small minutely ragose ridges of growth of variable size, from 4 to 8 in one Ime, often smooth from exfoliation, or wearing. Colour of the shell in the red- dish limestone a honey yellow, in grey limestone greyish; when exposed to the weather becomes white and minutely fibrous. Length and breadth about three lines. In some specimens the ventral valve is depressed convex, the beak bemy on a level with the greatest elevation of the shell. The shell is thick and strong, and when well preserved, breaks with a granular fracture. When weathered, a tendency to filrons exfoliation is manifested. This species is closely allied to the form that is found so abundantly in the Troy limestone, but the muscular impressions in that one are rather closer together and nearer the beak. (At least they are so in the speci- mens in my possession. ) Many of the specimens are a little more obtuse in the upper half than those figured. ‘The individuals are exceedingly numerous and differ little in size. Loewlity and Formation.—Anse an Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle. In limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector.—J. Richardson. OBOLELLA (KurorGina) crxaubata. (N. sp.) Fig. 8. ‘Fig. 9. Fig. 8.—Ventral (?) valve of O. cingulata. Fig. 9.—Cast of interior of ventral valve. Fig. 10.—Dorsal (?) valve. 9 Description.—Hinge-line straight, a little less than the greatest width of the shell; sides straight or slightly convex for about one half the length ; anterior angles obtusely rounded ; front margin either uniformly convex or with a small portion in the middle somewhat straight. Great- est width a little in front of the middle. Ventral valve strongly and uni- formly convex, most tumid about the middle ; beak depressed below the greatest convexity of the shell; cardinal edges straight or gently concave, diverging from the beak at an obtuse angle. Area unknown. Dorsal valve somewhat flat, most elevated at the beak, in front of which, along the middle of the shell, there is a wide shallow concavity extending to the front margin ; on each side of the beak, descending with a somewhat flat slope to the cardinal angles ; area unknown, apparently half the height of the ventral area and nearly at right angles to the plane of the margin. Beak erect, obtusely pointed, forming the most elevated part of the shell. Surface with strong concentric sub-lamellose ridges which do not converge to the beak but terminate on the cardinal edges, their course conforming to the margin of the shell. Four or five ridges in the width of one line. Length of largest dorsal valve seen 6% lines, greatest width 8 lines. Length of largest ventral valve in a straight line from back to front 7 lines, width 10 lines. The proportional length and width appear to vary. The apical angle of the ventral valve also varies, being in some specimens much more pointed at the beak than in the one above figured. Specimens of all sizes occur from 3 lines in width upwards.* Locality and Formation.—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle. In limestone of the Potsdam group. Also abundantly in the condition of casts 14 mile east of Swanton in Vermont. Collectors.—J. Richardson, Dr. G. M. Hall, and Rev. J. B. Perry. * Since the above was written, I have examined many casts of the interior of this species, and am inclined to the opinion that it is generically distinct from Obolella chromatica. From the very considerable elevation of the beak the dorsal valve must have an area and prohably a foramen. In one specimen there are two large oval impressions faintly impressed, but still distinctly visible. There is no trace of the lateral scars ; and the form, notwithstanding the characters of the surface, conveys the idea of an Orthisina, Should, upon further examination, my suspicions turn out to be well founded, I shall call the genus Kuroraina, afler the celebrated European naturalist, Kourorea. It is not quite certain which is the ventral or which the dorsal valve. 1 10 ORTHISINA FESTINATA. CN. sp.) Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 11.—Ventral valve and side view of O. festinata. Fig. 12.—Area of ventral valve. Fig. 13.—Camerella antiquata. Description. Subquadrate or semioval, hinge-line equal to the greatest width of the shell. Ventral valve sub-pyramidal, beak elevated, surface with a straight or slightly convex slope in all directions to the margin, area triangular, a little inclmed backwards, foramen about as wide as high, closed by a convex deltidium which is perforated at the beak. Dorsal valve nearly flat. Surface with angular bifurcating ribs, five or six in the width of two lines at the margin, crossed by fine concentric striz, of which there are from seven to ten in one line. Width on hinge-linge from 10 to 15 lines; length about a third less than the width. Heiyht of beak of ventral valve from two to three lines. Both valves show longitudinal undulations radiating from the beak to the margin. This species closely resembles some of the ordinary forms of the genus, but differs internally from any known to me in the Second Fauna in the absence of the dental plates, no traces of which can be perceived in the casts. Locality and Formation—1$ mile east of Swanton in Vermont. Potsdam vroup. Collectors.—Dr. G. M. Hall, and Rev. J. B. Perry. CAMERELLA ANTIQUATA. (N. sp.) Fig. 13. Description —Ovate or subcircular, beaks obtusely pointed (as seen in the cast), both valves moderately or rather strongly convex. Surface with from 8 to 10 small rounded ribs which do not reach quite to the beaks. 1 Some of the specimens are proportionally more elongated than others. The front margin appears to be always broadly rounded, and the greatest width at about one-fourth the length from the front margin. Length from 4 to 6 lines; width either equal to or a little less than the length. This species resembles C. varians of the Chazy, but is more numerously ribbed. Locality and Formation.—14 mile east of Swanton, Vermont, in the Potsdam group. Collectors.—Rev. J. B. Perry, and Dr. G. M. Tall. OTHER SPECIES OF BRAcHIOPODA. In addition to the above there are in the sandstone of Vermont, 1 mile south of the Province line, two other species, one of which appears to be an Orthisina, about the same size and shape as O. festinata, but more finely ribbed, and an Orthis, somewhat like O. perveta of the Chazy. At Anse au Loup there are also two species of Orthis, and apparently one Orthisina, all different from the Vermont species. CRUSTACEA. OLENELLUS THompsonrI. (Hall.) Oxenvs Taompsonl, (Hall) 12th Reg. Rep. N. Y., p. 59. 1859. Barranpia Tuompsony, (Hall) 13th Reg. Rep. N. Y., p. 116. 1861. Parapoxipes THompsonl, (Emmons) Man. of Geol. p. 280. 1860. Parapoxipes THompson1, (Barrande) Bul. Geo. Soc. France. 2d series, vol. 18, p. 276. 1861. A well preserved head of this species was collected in the limestone at Anse au Loup. OLENELLUS VERMoNTANA. (Hall.) (The references for this species are the same as P, Thompsoni.) Several very good specimens of the glabella and head were collected in the limestone of Anse au Loup. It seems to be more abundant there than P. Thompsont. CoNOCEPHALITES MISER. Fig. 14. Description.—Glabella elongate, conical, very convex, most clevated at about the mid-length, slightly narrowed at the neck segment, widest in 12 the middle, narrowly rounded in front, well defined all round by the dorsal furrows. Neck segment strongly convex and bearing a short broad-based spine directed upwards and backwards. Neck furrow extend- ing all across; the posterior glabella furrow well defined across, forming an obtuse angle backward in the median line ; median glabellar furrow also running across, but not so strongly defined as the posterior ; anterior furrows extending one-third across. Length of glabella, 2 lines ; width in the middle, about half the length. There is no described species to which this one bears any close relation on account of the peculiar character of the posterior and median furrows running qrite across the glabella. Locality and Formation.—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle, in limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector.—J. Richardson. ConocepHatites Apamsit. (N. sp.) my he fs Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 14.—Conocephalites miser. Fig. 15.—C, Adamsii, Fig.16.—C. Teucer, Fig. 1%. —C. Vulcunus. Pig. 18.—C. urenosus, ConocerHatites.—Apams. Silliman’s Am. Jour. of Science, 2nd series, vol. 5, p. 109. May, 1848. Conocepaatites.—Binuines. In same Journal, 2nd series, vol. 32, p. 232, Sept. 1861. Also in Cun. Nal. and Geol., vol. 6, p. 324, Aug., 1861, . Description.—Head broad, semicircular, moderately convex; glabella oblong-conical, nearly two-thirds the whole length of the head, the front obtusely rounded or somewhat straight, the anterior angles narrowly rounded, the sides nearly straight from the anterior anvle to the neck furrow, just in advance of which is the widest part. The neck furrow well defined all across; the glabellar furrows indistinct, the dorsal furrow is well defined all round the vlabella. ‘The cheeks are moderately tumid : a line drawn across the glabella about the mid-length would pass through the eyes. The distance of the cye from the dorsal furrow is equal to the greatest width of the glabella; the cye appears to be very small. The margin in front of the glabella is equal in width to about one-third the whole leneth of the head; it is bordered by an obtuse narrow clevated rim, just within which is a groove, which is more deeply impressed on each 13 side than directly in front of the glabella, there being at this place a gently convex elevation resembling that which occurs in Barrande’s species, C. Sulzeri and C. coronatus. The ocular ridge is well defined where the surface is preserved, but is rarely visible in the sandstone casts. Most of the specimens are distinctly carnate along the median line of the glabella. It is possible that there may be a median tubercle on the neck segment, but none of our specimens have this part sufficiently well preserved to shev it. The following are the dimensions of a specimen of the average size :— Length of head 5 lines; length of glabella 34 lines; greatest width of glabella 2 lines; width of glabella at front 14 line; distance of eye from side of glabella 2 lines. Dedicated to Prof. C. B. Apams, late State Geologist of Vermont. Locality and Formation Highgate, Vermont, in the Potsdam group, about a mile east of the Highgate Springs. Collectors.—Rev. J. B. Perry, Dr. G. M. Hall, and E. Billings. ConocEpHaLites Trucer, (N. sp.) ? Fig. 16. Compare C. Billingsi—(Shumard.) Silliman’s Am, Jour. of Science. 2d Series, vol. 32, p. 220. Sept. 1861. Deseription.—Head semi-oval ; glabella conical, convex, well defined all round by the dorsal furrows, about two-thirds the whole length of the head, widest just in advance of the neck furrow, sides gently convex, front neatly rounded, neck furrow well defined all across; posterior furrows commencing at about one-half the length of the glabella, and running inwards and backwards nearly to the neck furrow and one-third across ; median furrows curved backwards, and extending one-fourth across; an- terior furrows short; ocular ridges well defined ; front margin one-third the whole length of head, with a well defined groove running across, in front of which there ig an elevated marginal rim, which rises with a flat slope upwards and forwards ; the groove across the margin is situated at about one-fourth the distance from the front of the glabella to the elevated edge of the rostrum; the cheeks are moderately tumid ; the-neck segment is well developed, with a small median tubercle scarcely the fourth of a line in height, and in some specimens seems to be absent altogether. Thorax of 13 or 14 segments; axis strongly defined, cylindrical; side lobes about one-third wider than the axis. The pygidium is very small, being scarcely one-sixth the length of the thorax. The only specimen in which it has been observed attached to the 14 thorax is not sufficiently well preserved to enable me to describe it in detail. The following are the measurements of two of the specimens :—Length of head 4} lines; length of glahella 3 lines, width, just in advance of neck furrow, 2} lines, and at one-third the length from front margin 2 lines. In a specimen consisting of the thorax and pygidium the whole length is six lines, of which the pygidium occupies apparently a little less than one line. Width at first segment 54 lines; width of axis at same place 14 line; width at anterior margin of pygidium about 3 lines. The position of the eye is not shewn in any specimen that I have seen, but from the width of the portions of the fixed cheeks which remain, it must be distant from the dorsal furrows nearly the width of the glabella. This species appears to be closely allied to the one above cited from Shumard’s paper, so far as the characters of the glabella are concerned. As however the proportions are a little different, I shall dispose of it as above until I can have an opportunity of submitting a specimen to Dr. Shumard. Locality and Formation.—1¥ mile east of Swanton in Vermont, in the slates of the Potsdam group. Collectors.—Rev. J. B. Perry, Dr. G. M. Hall, and Sir W. BE. Logan. CoNOCEPHALITES Vuicanus. (CN. sp.) Fig. 17. Description.— Head broad, moderately convex; glabella obtusely conical, with the neck segment triangular and extended backwards in the mildle ; neck furrow not extending across, being interrupted by a strong cara which runs along the median line; dorsal furrow all round, but not sharply defined. Front margin about one-third the leneth of whole head with a projecting rim, and a transverse groove situated two-thirds the distance from the front of slabella. Cheeks moderately convex ; ocular ridge well defined ; a line drawn across the head a little in advance of the mid-length of the glabella, would pass through the eyes; the latter distant from the glabella at least half the whole length of the head. No indications of glabellar furrows visible. Length of head, 44 lines; of glabella, including the backward project- ing angle of the neck segment, 5 lines ; width of glabella just in advance of neck furrow, 24 lines; distance of eye from glabella, 24 lines. This species differs from C. Adams, in the character of the neck furrows, and in the greater proportional width of the glabella. It was found along with C. Adams? in the same beds. 15 CONOCEPHALITES ARENOSUS. (N. sp.) Fig. 18. Desecription.—Glabella conical, about three fourths the length of the head, convex, well defined by the dorsal furrows all round, neck furrow all across, posterior glabella furrows represented by obscure indentations which appear to be directed obliquely backwards from near the mid- length to near the neck furrow; there appear to be no median and ante- rior furrows. Front margin with an elevated rostrum and a transverse groove, the latter passing at about one third from the front of the gla- bella. Ocular ridge well defined. Length of head 84 lines; of glabella 2% lines ; width of glabella at base 1% line ; at one third the length from front 13 line. Another head is 44 lines in length. The characters of the impressions taken to be the posterior glabella furrows are not well ascertained. Locality and Formation—In thin bedded, flaggy sandstone by the side of the road leading from Moore’s Corners in St. Armand to Saxe’s Mills in Highgate, Vermont, about one mile south of the Province line. Potsdam group. Collector.—H. Billings. BatHYuRuS sENECTUS. (CN. sp.) a BS A Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 19.—Head of B. senectus. Fig. 20.—Supposed pydigium of the same. Fig. 21.— B. parvulus, Description.—Glabella sub-cylindrical, clavate, strongly convex, one fourth wider at the front margin than at the neck segment, sides nearly straight, front obtusely rounded and presenting a strong convex elevation, neck furrow extending all across, three pairs of glabella furrows repre- sented by small but distinct and obtuse indentations in the sides. Fixed cheeks rather strongly convex. Eyes of moderate size, semicircular; a line drawn across the head at about one third the length of the glabella from behind would pass through them, and they are distant from the side of the glabella about the width of the neck segment. The front of the head is surrounded by a narrow border which appears to be flat; there appears to be some evidence of a spme on the neck segment. 16 The pyzidium fonnd in the same fragment of stone with one of the spe- cimens of the glabella of this species is in all general characters that of a Bathyiwrus. Tt is semicircular, convex, axis cylindvical, strongly convex, terminating behind with an abruptly rownded descent, six annulations, the first three or four most strongly defined. The lateral lobes have four segments each, separated by strong rounded furrows ; there is a narrow entire margin all round with a distinct groove inside, which appears how- ever to be interrupted at the end of the axis. The dimensions of the most perfect specimens are as follows :— Glabella,—length 34 lines; width at neck segment 1} line, at the front 2 lines; distance of the eye from the side of the glabella 1) line. The eye appears to be about 3 of a line in length. Pywidium,—length 3 lines; width at anterior margin 5} lines ; width of axis 1 line. Locality and Formation.—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle. Limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector.—J. Richardson. Batuyurus parvuuus. (CN. sp.) Fig. 21. Deseviption—Glahella cylindrical, strongly convex, much elevated ahave the fixed checks, uniformly arched from the front margin for half the leneth backwards, very shghtly narrower at neck segment than at front margin, sides straight, nearly parallel, and distinctly defined by the dorsal furrows. Neck furrow extending all across, posterior glabellar furrows indicated by a barely perceptible indentation on each side, no anterior furrows. Front of head surrounded by a narrow flat margin. Eyes distant from the sides of the glabella about the width of the neck sevinent. On a side view the head has a convexity equal to about one quarter of asphere. Length of head 2% lines ; width of glabella 14 line ; width of the flat border surrounding the front of the head about 4 of a line. A line drawn across the head at about one third of the length from the posterior marzm of the glabella would pass through the centres of the eyes. ‘The cyes appear to he about 4 of a line in length. ‘This species differ from B. scnectus in the almost total absence of glabellay furrows ; and in the nearly equal width of the glabella through- out its whole length. Lovality and Formation—Anse au Loup, on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle. In limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector.—J. Richardsor. 17 Genus SaLTERELLA. (N. gen.) Generic Characters.—Small, slender, elongate-conical tubes, consisting of several hollow cones placed one within another, the last one forming the chamber of habitation of the animal. The cross section of these tubes is circular or subtriangular, and they are either straight or gently curved ; ‘the surface is concentrically or longitudinally striated. I think these fossils, although no doubt allied to Serpulites, sufficiently different therefrom to constitute a distinct genus. Their structure is so compact that they are seldom found compressed, while all species of Serpulites are almost invariably in that condition, shewing that they con- ‘sist In general of something more like a membraneous sack than a hard shelled tube. This genus is dedicated to J. W. Satter, Esq., Palzeontologist of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Fig. 22. Fig.—22. A piece of Limestone with S. rugosa. Description.—This little species is straight, conical, tapering uniformly to an acute point. Length from two to four lines, the greater number of the specimens being under three lines; diameter at large extremity one line in a specimen four lines in length; the smaller ones are often a little ‘more obtuse. Aperture circular, equal to about three-fourths the whole diameter. It is not certain that in any of the specimens observed the surface is preserved ; they all appear to be divested of the outer covering, and exhibit four to six imbricating sharp annulations in the length of one line, the edges towards the. larger end. These are doubtless the exposed edges of the several sheaths of which the tube is composed. They are usually straight, but some are slightly curved. This spécies must be closely allied to Serpulites Macullocht (Salter), but upon an average they are smaller than those figured by Salter in. the Jour. Geol. Soc. Vol. XV, Pl. 18, fig. 31. B 18 Locality and Formation—Anse au Loup on the north shore of the Straits of Belle Isle, in limestone of the Potsdam group. Collector. —J. Richardson. SALTERELLA PULCHELLA. (N. sp.) Description.—Elongate, conical, gently curved, six to eight lines in length and from one line to one and a-half in width at the aperture. Surface ornamented with small encircling strize just visible to the naked eye. This species is larger than S. rugosa, always a little curved, not so abundant, and when weathered does not present the sharp imbricating annulations of that species. Locality and Formation.—Same as S. rugosa, but apparently not in the same bed, as the two species are not found together in the same frag- ments of rock. SALTERELLA oBTUSA. (N. sp.) Description.—Six to eight lines in length ; diameter at aperture about three lines. The transverse section is always sub-triangular, and in some of the specimens one side appears to be flat like a Zheea, and I would refer it to that genus only that the tube is composed of successive layers. None of the specimens are perfect, but the form is sufficiently different from that of the other two to indicate a distinct species. Locality and Formation.—Same as the preceding, but not associated with S. rugosa, although it occurs in the same fragments of rock with S. pulchella. 2.— On some new species of Fossils from the Caleifcrous Chazy, Black River, and Trenton Formations. Genus Eosponeia. (N. gen.) ASTYLOSPoNGIA (pars).—(Roemer). Die Silurische Fauna des Westlichen Tennessee, p. 7, 1860. Generic characters.—Sub-globular, pyriform or sub-hemispherical sponges, not free, with an internal arrangement of pores (sometimes reti- culated), radiating irregularly from the central axis; cup of variable depth. Dr. Ferdinand Roemer, in his beautiful work on the Silurian Fauna of Western Tennessee, has described three genera of Silurian sponges,— Astylospongia, Paleomanon, and Astreospongia. The first of these, he says, consists of free sponges; hence the generic name. We have several 19 species in the Lower Silurian rocks of Canada, which were evidently attached and not free. Most of the specimens have a well developed pedicle. Some of the others, which exhibit no pedicle, evidently attached themselves while young to some cylindrical body and grew around it. We have several with the stalk of a crinoid passing quite through either in the centre or a little on one side. Others are perforated through the centre as if they had grown around some upright slender body, which has dis- appeared during the natural process of fossilization. Those with the stalks of crinvids passing through them could not have been free, and the others with the central perforation appear to be of the same species. ‘The struc- ture and general form does not differ from those which exhibit perfect evidence of a pedicle. I propose therefore to separate the species here mentioned from Astylospongia, and arrange them under the name of Hospongia. I shall place a new species from the Trenton limestone, corresponding in form to Roemer’s A. ztnetso-lobata in Astylospongia. Eosponeia Rormert. (N. sp.) Description.—Elongate, pyriform or club-shaped ; the internal structure in polished sections shows numerous circular tubes, those in the central part of the mass the largest. The best preserved specimen that I have observed is 5% inches in length and 8 inches in diameter at two inches from the top. The larger extremity is rounded, with a small depression 1 inch wide and half an inch in depth in the centre. It tapers gradually from 3 inches to a diameter of 14 inch at the small end where it is broken off. The pores, as shewn in a polished transverse section, are from % a line to 2 lines in diameter. Dedicated to Dr. FerpinanD RoEMER, Locality and Formation —Mingan Islands, Chazy limestone. Collectors.—J. Richardson, Sir W. E. Logan. Eosponcia VARIANS. (N. sp.) Description.—This species is depressed turbinate, expanding from the obtusely pointed pedicle to a width of from two to three inches, at a height of from one to two and a-half inches. The upper margin is obtusely rounded. The width of the cup is about one-third of the whole diameter, and about a-half or three-fourths of an inch deep, rounded at the bottom, and with a thick rounded margin, The greatest width of the species is in general near the top, but in those which have grown around the stalk of a 20 crinoid there is a depression below as well as above, 80 that it is often diffi- cult to say which is the cup or which the base. The transverse polished section shows numerous radiating tortuous channels, often branching, from half to one line in diameter, and usually distant once or twice their width. The vertical section shows other channels ascending and sloping outwards. The weathered surfaces are irregularly striated with obscure rounded often interrupted radiating ridges of from } to 1 line wide. Some of the specimens are nearly flat, but in general they are obscurely turbinate or very depressed pyriform. Locality and Formation.—Mingan Islands, Chazy limestone. Collectors.—Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson. ASTYLOSPONGIA PARVULA. (N. sp.) Description.—Small, sub-globular, the sides grooved by from five to seven deep furrows, which divide it into as many lobes. The furrows are about half the width of the lobes. There is no trace of either a cup or a pedicle at either extremity. The individuals are from } to # of an inch in diameter. This species is of the same form as Roemer’s A. inciso-lobota, with the exception of the absence of the central depression or cup. It is also less than half the diameter of that species. Locality and Formation.—City of Ottawa. Trenton limestone. Collector.—E. Billings. Lineuta Perryr. (CN. sp.) Fig. 23.—Lingula Perryi. Dorsal valve. Deseription.—Dorsal valve triangularly oval, the front margin gently convex or nearly straight, the anterior angles broadly rounded, the apex obtusely pointed; the sides from the apex for one half the length, or a little more, gently convex or somewhat straight and diverging at an angle of about 60°, The beak is rounded, prominent and situated about 4 of a line from the margin of the apex. ‘The most convex part of the shell is at about one fifth the length from the beak ; from this point the surface descends with a uniform gentle and very slightly convex slopo in all direc- 21 tions to the front margin and anterior angles and half of the sides; in the posterior or upper half with an abrupt slope, becoming concave on each side of the beak. Surface ornamented with fine lamellose ridges distant from each other two or three in one line. Length of specimen 9 lines; greatest width, at one fourth the length from front margin, about 8 lines. The shell appears to be smooth between the lamellose concentric strize, but in more perfect specimens finer strive may exist. The strize become more crowded in the upper part, where they curve round to the beak. This beautiful Lingula has somewhat the appearance of Lingula Belli of the Chazy Limestone. That species however usually exhibits three flat slopes, one to the anterior margin and one to each side. Dedicated to the discoverer, Rev. J. B. Parry, of Swanton, Vermont. Locality and Formation.—Limestone at Highgate Springs, Vermont, - apparently of the age of the Black River. Collector—Rev. J. B. Perry. Lirvuites Farnswortut. (N. sp.) Fig. 24. Description.—Tube very slender, forming about three complete whorls; section circular or very nearly so; siphuncle small close to the shell in the median line on the outer or ventral side ; septa gently arched and numerous ; chamber of habitation deep. In the best-preserved specimens the first two whorls are in contact, and make a coil one inch across. The whorls then commence to separate, and become more and more distant until at the completion of the third the distance is from 1} to 24 inches. Where the whole spire is 4% inches across, the diameter of the aperture is one inch; at 34 inches it is 9 lines. There are usually from 8 to 12 septa in half an inch, but the distance is variable in the same specimen. In the one figured there are 5 cr 6 in half an inch in the latter part of the second and commencement of the third whorl, but farther on towards the outer chamber there are 12 or 16 in the same distance. The siphuncle is about 2 of a line in diameter, and about the same distance from the shell. The chamber of habitation appears to be three or four inches deep. No part of the free portion is straight, the curve continuing, although becoming gradually less, quite to the aperture. Surface of shell unknown. This species differs from all known American species in being more slender, and in having more numerous septa. Dedicated to the discoverer, Dr. P.J. Farnswortu, M.D., Phillipsburgh, Canada Hast. Fig. 24, Fig. 24.—Lituites Farnsworthi. Since the above was engraved, better specimens have been received. The figure does not show the many close septa near the outer cham- ber, which can be made out, although indistinctly, in the specimen. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh in the County of Missisyuoi, Canula Hast. In the upper part of the Calciferous sandrock. Collectors—Dr. P. J. Farnsworth, E. Billings. 23 LITUITES IMPERATOR. (N. sp.) Description.—Very large, the coiled portion alone being 104 inches across. ‘The first two whorls are 24 inches and the first three 4% inches across. The first three are coiled in contact; after which the whorls begin to separate, and at the completion of the fourth are distant about ¢ of an inch. The last whorl is then produced nearly in a straight line for about 2 inches, after which (in the only specimen collected) it is not preserved. The dorso-ventral diameter of the tube where broken off is almost 43 inches. The distances of the septa vary greatly. In the com- mencement of the third whorl there are three in one inch, but they gradu- ally become more distant until at the end of this whorl there are only two in one inch. The distance then diminishes, and at the middle of the fourth whorl there are four in one inch. (These measurements relate to the outer side.) Beyond this they are not seen, but the siphuncle is pre- served to the end of the fourth whorl, and shows the traces of nine septa in the last inch. The siphuncle is exposed in the specimen in two places, both in the fourth whorl. In the first quarter of the length of this whorl it is concealed. In the second quarter it is laid bare for a length of 54 inches. Itis here 4 lines in diameter, and its position is, as nearly as can be, central. In the last quarter of the whorl there is another exposure of about 4 inches, its diameter being five lines, and its position, where last seen, 2} inches from the ventral or outer margin, and 1} inch from the dorsal or inner margin. The position therefore of the siphuncle in this species varies in different parts of the same individual. This agrees with Barrande’s observations on Orthoceras mundum, in which the siphuncle passes from one side to the other in such a maner that ten or twelve species might be made out of different fragments of the same individual. specimen, provided the position of the siphon were alone to be taken into account and the species described by different observers without a know- ledge of their connection.* The only specimen collected is firmly imbedded in the limestone matrix, and is worn away so as to exhibit a complete section along the plane of the coil, showing all the whorls and the siphuncle as above mentioned. The character of the surface cannot thus be observed. But judging from the appearance of the shell as seen in the section the last whorl is crossed by wide shallow undulations, but no traces of these can be seen on the inner whorls, where the shell is also visible. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburg in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. In the upper part of the Calciferous Sandrock. Collector.—Dr. P. J. Farnsworth. * Barranpe. In Bronn’s Neues Jahrbuch, 1859, p. 608. 24 Ampyx Haut. (N. sp.) ‘dd, ees Fig. 25. Fig. 25.—Ampyx Halli. a, head; 6, pygidium; cv, side view of the head. Description Head somewhat triangular or semioval. Glabella enlon- gate oval, terminating in front with an acute elevated rostrum, the length of which is not known, and truncated behind by the neck furrow, narrowly convex and rather sharply carinated along the median line. Glabellar furrows represented by two obscure indentations on each side, the poste- rior at a little less than one line from the neck segment, and the anterior about two lines; the latter are deep pits situated in the dorsal furrow or just in the angle formed by the junction of the base of the glabella with the fixed checks. The neck segment is a flat plate inclining upwards and backwards at an angle of about 45°. The neck furrow is well defined all across the whole width of the head, being least distinct in passing over the posterior part of the glabella. Pygidium semioval with a flat border all round abruptly bent down at nearly a right angle. Axis conical, moderately convex, extending the whole length and causing a slight projection in the posterior margin. Side lobes nearly flat, with five or six flat ribs each with a fine pleural groove extending the whole length. On the axis there appear to be ten or twelve closcly crowded annulations occupying five sixths the length, the apex being apparently smooth. On approaching the margin the side ribs seem to curve a little forwards. Length of head, excluding the ros- trum, 3 lines, measured along the base of the glabella. Width of glahclla at neck segment 14 line, and just in front of the anterior pits 2 lines; ele- vation at neck seyment less than one lize, and at front of head, so far as seen, about 2 lines. These measurements refer to the largest head seen. No perfect head has been collected, and I cannot therefore give the length of the restrum or moveable cheeks. Dedicated to Dr. G. M. Hatn, M.D., of Swanton, Vermont. Licality and Formation.—St. Dominique, in the County of Yamaska, Canada East, and at Highgate Springs in Vermont. In the Chazy Lime- stone. Collectors.—Dr. G. M. Hall, Rev. J. B. Perry, and J. Richardson. 25 (January, 1862.) Lirvrres Apouio. (N. sp.) Description.—Coil 5 or 6 inches across ; the first 24 whorls in contact, after which they gradually separate so that at the completion of the third whorl they are 1 inch distant from each other. The diameter of the coil is then about 6 inches and the tube about 14 inches in the lateral diame- ter of the transverse section, in the dorso-ventral a little less. In the third whorl there are about five septa to the inch. The surface is marked by numerous shallow concave undulations which curve backwards from the umbilicus and make a deep retral sinus on the ventral aspect. ‘The ridges of the undulations are narrowly rounded and not so wide as the concave grooves between them; the latter are 2 or 3 lies in width. Siphuncle unknown. This species somewhat resembles LZ. undatus Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1. p. 52. Pl. 18, figs. 1. 1a, but the tube does not taper quite so rapidly and is not flattened on the ventral side as it is in that species, the transverse section being nearly circular and rounded on the ventral as on the lateral aspect. Locality and Formation.—Mingan Islands, Calciferous formation and also apparently in the Chazy. Collectors—Sir W. EH. Logan, J. Richardson. Lrrurres Patryurus. (N. sp.) Description.—The coil in the largest specimen seen is 44 inches across and consists of about five whorls very compactly inrolled, each deeply indented by the ventral side of the one next preceding. The transverse section of the tube (with the exception of the indentation on the dorsal side made by the preceding whorl) is nearly circular. The diameter at about the end of the fifth whorl varies from 11 to 15 lines. The septa in the only specimen in which they have been observed are Gn the third whorl) five or six to the inch. Surface and siphuncle unknown. Of this species I have seen only one specimen that shews any part of the free portion of the tube. The separation commences about the middle of the fifth whorl. The length of the produced free portion is not known. No other species known in our rocks is so compactly coiled as this, there being about 4 of the diameter of each whorl overlapped and concealed by the one next succeeding. Locality and Formation.—Mingan Islands, Calciferous formation. Collectors—Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson. c 26 Navritus Pomponrus. (CN. sp.) Description—The specimen on which this species is founded consists of the first three whorls, the remainder to the aperture not preserved. These are very compactly inrolled, and form a coil 3 inches across. The tube rapidly expands in the transverse diameter, being at least 2 inches wide at the completion of the third whorl while in the dorso-ventral diameter at the same place it is only 14 inches. There are four septa to the inch on the outside of the third whorl but the second whorl shows six or seven in the same length. The siphuncle is 2 lines in thickness and with its centre about three lines from the shell on the ventral or outer side of the whorls. In this species the tube differs from that of any other known to me in the lower limestones in its rate of expansion laterally; the transverse section being oval and the lateral diameter being at least one fourth grea- ter than the dorso-ventral. _ Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. In the upper part of the Calciferous formation. Collectors.—Dr. P. J. Farnsworth, EH. Billings. OrntHoceRAS MeEneELaus. (N. sp.) Description Shell of medium size, tapering at the rate of 14 lines to the inch; section transversely broad-oval or nearly circular; septa from 10 to 12 to the inch where the diameter is from 10 to 15 lines; siphuncle cylindrical, excentric, between 2 and 3 lmes in diameter where the shell is from 10 to 15 lines, its centre distant from the margin about once and a half its own thickness. Surface unknown. The transverse section appears to be broad-oval in all the specimens that I have seen but I am not certain but that this feature is due to pres- sure. ‘The siphuncle is a cylindrical tube a little dilated where the septa are attached to it and in most of the chambers (in the specimens observed) slightly constricted between the septa. This species is allied to O. Murrayz but differs therefrom in being more nearly circular in the transverse section; in having more numerous septa and the siphuncle more distant from the margin. It seems to be rare. Locality and Formation. —Wolfe Island near Kingston; Pointe Claire on the Island of Montreal, and the fifth and sixth lots in the ninth conces- sion of the township of Tyendenaga. Black River limestone. Collectors—Mr. A. T. Drummond of Kingston, A. Murray and E. Billings. 27 ORTHOCERAS PERPARVUM. (N. sp.) Description.—Length 3 or 4 inches; diameter at the last septum about 3 lines; section circular; siphuncle very small and very nearly central ; septa gently concave, about one line distant, the last three or four much closer together. The chamber of habitation is 1 inch in length and tapers slightly from the last septum towards the aperture which is 4 a line nar- rower than the diameter at last septum. Surface unknown but the cast of the interior of the chamber of habitation shews a number of very obs- cure annulations. Fragments of this species resemble Cyrtoceras exiguum but the chamber of habitation is twice the depth and the shell does not taper so rapidly. No perfect specimen has been seen but from the frag- ments that have been collected I think this species must be 38 or 4 inches in length, and is probably curved towards the smaller extremity. Locality and Formation —Pallideau Islands. Northern part of Lake Huron. Black River limestone. Collector.—A. Murray. Hotopea Pyrenz. (N. sp.) Fig. 26. Description.—Obliquely turbinate; spire depressed conical; whorls about three, ventricose, with a deeply impressed suture, crossed by deep concave undulations which give to the shell a strongly varicose appear- ance. The only specimen seen is imperfect consisting of only the apex and 241 whorls the base of the shell being imbedded in the rock. Width of the part seen 9 lines; width of the undulations about two lines. The form is much like that of H. odléqua (Iall) but the deeply furrowed sur- face shews that it is a very distinct species. The aspect of this species is very like that of the undulated forms of Platyceras and in fact no difference between the genera Platyceras and Holopea has ever been pointed out. Locality and Formation Paquette Rapids, on the River Ottawa. Black River limestone. Collector.—Sir W. E. Logan. Hotopza Nerets. (N. sp.) Deseription.—Shell turbinate ; spire conical ; apical angle from 75° to 80° ; whorls about four, uniformly ventricose (in the cast of the interior) except 28 in the upper part where there is an angular inflection towards the suture giving an obscurely turreted form. When the shell is preserved this angulation is not so apparent and the suture is indistinct or enamelled. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse below, the upper half of the inner side formed by the penultimate whorl, the lower half by the columella. Length of largest specimen seen 16 lines, width of last whorl about 12 lines. One small perfect specimen is in length 7 lines; width at the aper- ture 5 lines; length of the aperture 38 lines. The casts of this species can always be distinguished from those of H. obliqua by the obtuse shoulder-like angulation on the upper side of the whorl. This in a large specimen is about two lines wide at the aperture. When the shell is preserved the suture is seldom visible the surface being continuous from one whorl to another. Locality and Formation.—Trenton limestone, Ottawa ; near L’Orignal and on the Island of Montreal. Black River limestone at Paquette Rapids (Ottawa River). ’ Colleetors.—Sir W. EH. Logan, R. Bell, J. Richardson, EH. Billmgs. Honopra LAVINIA. Description.—Ovate, whorls four or five, depressed convex, the body whorl large equal to about ¢ the whole length. In the cast of the interior the suture is distinct but not very deep. The apical angle is about 80° and in consequence of the moderate convexity of the upper whorls the spire has a somewhat smooth conical appearance only slightly notched in the outline by the depressions of the sutures. Length about 14 inches ; width at body whorl 1 inch. This species is closely related to H. ovalis of the Calciferous formation. The deep suture of that species gives to the cast a turreted form while in this the spire is more evenly conical. Locality and Formation.—Twenty-fifth lot in the 5th concession of the township of Admaston. ‘Trenton limestone. Collector.—J. Richardson. Honopea Proszerpina. (N. sp.) Description.—Shell very large, about four inches wide at the base and apparently the same in height. Whorls about four, moderately ventricose, the last one a little more than one half the whole length of the shell. Sur- face with fine lines of growth of variable size, six to eight in one line. The specimens are all imperfect. The body whorl is very large and appears to be most ventricose at the base; above, sloping to the suture. 29 The form is very like that of Cyelonema Hageri but much larger. H turgida has the suture more deeply impressed. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. In the upper part of the Calciferous formation. Collectors.—Dr. P. J. Farnsworth and E. Billings. CycLonema Haaerr. (N. sp.) Fig 26, Fig, 217. Fig. 28. Fig. 26.—Holopea Pyrene. Fig. 27.—Cyclonema Hageri. Fig. 28.—C. Montrealensis. Description.—Shell large, obliquely conical; whorls four, ventricose towards the base, somewhat depressed in the middle ; suture moderately deep. The apical angle appears to be between 80° and 90°. Surface with strong angular ribs or undulations of growth from half a line to two lines apart becoming more prominent with age. These are crossed by fine spiral ridges from half a line to one line distant. Height of specimen 21! inches; width at base 2 inches. The body whorl is at least # the whole length. This species much resembles in form C. Montrealensis but is twice the length and breadth. It is dedicated to A. D. Hacer, Esq., of the Geological Survey of Ver- mont, who discovered the only specimen I have seen. Locality and Formation.—Smith’s Quarries, Montreal. Trenton lime- stone. Collector.—A. D. Hager, Esq. 30 Cyrctonema Mowrreatensis. (N. sp.) Fig. 28. Description.—About one inch in length and breadth ; whorls about three, moderately ventricose, most prominent in the lower half; suture rather deep. Aperture ovate, somewhat effuse below, the upper half of the inner side formed by the penultimate whorl. Surface with fine sharp crowded lines of growth just visible to the naked eye. These are crossed by stronger spiral lines four or five in the width of one line with one or two smaller between each of the larger. Length of the most perfect specimen seen 12 lines; width 11 lnes; height of aperture 8 lines; width of aperture 6 lines. This species is about the size of C. Halliana, (Salter) but the whorls are less ventricose and the surface is more closely striated. Locality and Formation.—Island of Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collectors.—Sir W. HE. Logan, J. Richardson. PLevRotoMARIA Hucenta. (N. sp.) Fig. 30. Fig. 31. Fig. 32. Fig. 29.—Pleurotomaria Eugenia. Fig. 30 view of the underside. Fig. 31 shewing the aperture. Fig. 32.—P. Arachne shewing the spire and band. Deseription.—Obtusely sub-lenticular ; spire depressed conical ; apical angle varying from 115° to 125°; whorls about four, gently convex above near the suture, and concave in the outer one third, the margin surrounded by a flat spiral band placed obliquely on the edge of the outer margin and sloping upwards and inwards. Under-side of whorls strongly and uni- formly ventricose ; umbilicus closed. Aperture subquadrate ; upper side somewhat straight ; outside forming an angle of about 100° with the upper at the margin but below the margin uniformly curved down to the middle of the lower side which is somewhat straight and sloping obliquely upwards in the inner half; inner lip obsolete or excessively thin and attached to the surface of the penultimate whorl. Width 9 or 10 les; height about 2 of the width; band $ of a line wide at the aperture but gradually dimi- nishing towards the apex. 31 This species is closely allied to P. Helena of the Hudson River formation but differs in being much smaller and in having the upper side of each whorl gently convex on the inner side and concave on the outer side whereas in P. Helena the whole of the upper side of the whorl is, gently concave. lt differs from P. calcifera and P. rotuloides in having the umbilicus closed. Locality and Formation.—Campement d’Ours, near the Island of St. Joseph, Lake Huron. Black River limestone. Collectors.—A. Murray, R. Bell. PLEvROTOMARIA ARACHNE. (N. sp.) Fig. 32. Description.—Shell small, turbinate; whorls three or four, ventricose spirally carmated ; apical angle about 75°. There is a broad spiral band situated with its upper edge about the middle of the whorl; above this and only separated from it by a sharply elevated thread-like carina there is a second very narrow but well defined concave band, above which the whorl is gently concave for about two thirds the distance to the suture; and in the remaining third to the suture there is a spiral row of small elevated imperfect varices which give to this part of the shell a peculiar nodulose appearance. The suture is deeply canaliculate. Under side of body whorl moderately ventricose. There is a small umbilicus. Aperture oval some- what effuse below. Surface with elevated sharp-edged lines of growth, distinctly visible to the naked eye, from eight to ten im the width of one line. On approach- ing the suture every two or three of these unite into one in order to form the short varices which are situated near the suture. They also unite in the same manner on the lower part of the last whorl as they approach the umbilicus. Length from 5 to 10 lines. The most perfect specimen examined is 5 lines in length and 4 lines in width at last whorl including the width of the aperture. The latter is 24 lines in height and 2 lines wide. The larger spiral band is 1 line wide at the aperture and the smaller about 4 of a line. There are three narrow sharply elevated carinz, one bordermg the lower side of the larger band; another separating the two bands and a third bordering the small band on the upper side. Locality and Formation. — Pointe Claire ; Paquette Rapids ; and Murray Bay. Black River limestone. Collectors.—Sir W. E. Logan, Dr. J. W. Dawson, H. Billings. 32 Prevroromarta AmpuiTRITE. (N. sp.) Description —BShell very large, trochoid, conical, with a flat base. The specimen consists of the body whorl and a portion of the one next above it. Although imperfect there is sufficent to shew that this is a smoothly conical flat-based species belonging to that group of which P. Ramsayi of the Calciferous formation is an example. The basal margin is narrowly rounded, the lower side of the body whorl flat and at a right angle (or very nearly so, to the vertical axis of the shell. The upper side of the whorl is gently convex, or nearly flat for a short distance from the aperture and then gra- dually becomes gently concave. Judging from this form, the spire is most probably an uniformly tapering cone. As the lower side of the body whorl forms an angle of about 60° with the upper side the apical angle would also be about 60°. There is evidence of a wide umbilicus. Surface with fine crowded sublamellose strie curving backwards so as to form an acute angle in passing over the margin. Width of the base 4 inches. This fine shell is allied to P. Ramsay?, but is nearly four times as wide at the base. Locality and Formation. — South point of Large Island, Mingan Islands. Chazy or Black River. ‘ Collector.—J. Richardson. . Murcutsonza Vusta. (N. sp.) Fig. 33. Fig. 33.—Murchisonia Vesta, Descviption—Hlongate, acutely conical, apical angle apparently from 20° to 30° whorls from six to nine, moderately ventricose with an incon- spicuous flat spiral band a little below the middle. Surface with fine strize in the upper part of the whorl curving backwards to the spiral band and in the lower part curving forwards. The largest specimen seen is a fragment consisting of three whorls 14 inches in length, apparently belonging to an individual which if complete would be about 24 inches in length; width of spiral band about 1 line; fragments of smaller individuals are common. 33 This species resembles M. gracilis but is not so slender and has the band not in the middle but a little below the middle of the whorl. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. In the upper part of the Calciferous formation. Collectors.—Sir W. EH. Logan, Dr. P. J. Farnsworth, H. Billings. i Morcutsonia Hyate. (N. sp.) Deseription.—Short, turbinate; spire conical ; apical angle about 80° ; whorls four or five, ventricose with a concave spiral band about the middle. The body whorl is large and uniformly ventricose, most prominent about the middle. The upper whorls are small and uniformly ventricose in the east. Surface with fine striee and a few obscure undulations. These curve backwards at an angle of about 45° to the axis of the shell until they reach the spiral band, below which they at first curve forward and then become more vertical. Length of a specimen of four whorls about 14 inches; width at base nearly the same ; width of spiral band on the last whorl nearly 2 lines. The only specimen seen is about the size and somewhat of the shape of Eunema Erigone. Tn that species, however, the small whorls are slightly concave above the spiral band but in this they are convex. The band in this species is not so broad, the last whorl is also not so prominent at the base. The manner in which the strie curve backwards shews that this species has the outer lip notched and it is therefore most probably a Mur- chisonia. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. Upper part of the limestone. In beds holding fossils approaching in aspect to these of the Chazy or perhaps the Black River limestone. Collector.—Dr. P. J. Farnsworth. ‘ Morcutsonta Hermione. (N. sp.) Description —Spire conical, apical angle about 75° ; whorls about four, ventricose, with a strong convex spiral band in the middle, above which is a wide shallow concave band and a similar one below. Between the upper concave band and the suture the whorl is gently convex or nearly flat; below the lower concave band the body whorl is evenly ventricose. The convex band running all the way to the apex gives a strongly angu- lated appearance to the whorls. The above is the form as seen in a cast of the interior. A small portion of the shell remaining on the body whorl - 384 shews a number of small rounded spiral ridges from 4 a line to 1 line apart crossed by very fine but distinct lines of growth. It seems probable that much of the shell is ornamented in this way. Fig. 34. Fig. 35. Fig. 34.—Murchisonia Hermione, front view of a cast of the interior. Fig. 35. poste- rior view of the same specimen a. a portion of the surface a little enlarged. Length of specimen 2} inches; width of body whorl and aperture 2 inches ; height of aperture 14 inches; width of the same about 1 inch. Locality and Formation.— South point of Large Island, Mingan Islands. Chazy or Black River. Collector.—J. Richardson. Mourcutsonia Procris. (N. sp.) Description.—Short, conical, very like a small I. bellicineta but more obtuse. Whorls five or six, uniformly and rather strongly ventricose ; apical angle about 50°. Aperture oval somewhat effuse below. Surface with fine but very distinct lines of growth which have a rugose aspect, from six to eight in the width of one line. About the middle of the whorl there is what appears to be a wide flat spiral band bounded on the lower side by a very distinct thread-like ridge. The upper side of the supposed band is not distinguishable in the specimen owing to the imperfection of the shell. Length of specimen 1 inch; width of last whorl including aperture 7 lines; width of aperture 44 lines ; height of the same 54 lines. Locality and Formation. — Paquette Rapids on the River Ottawa. Black River limestone. Rare. Collector.—E. Billings. 35 EUNEMA CERITHIOIDES. (Salter.) EUNEMA CERITHIOIDES.—(Salter.) Figures and descriptions of Canad- tan organic remains. Decade 1 p. 80. Fig. 37. Fig. 36.—Eunema cerithioides, two views of the same specimen. This figure does not shew the spiral band with sufficient distinctness. Fig. 37.—E. Erigone. Deseription.—Spire acutely conical, apical angle about 30°; whorls about seven, slightly convex in the lower half and concave in the upper half; body whorl ventricose below; aperture oval, a little effuse below ; outer lip thin; inner lip absent. Surface with fine but distinct lines of growth which in the upper half of the whorl are curved gently backwards and in the lower half slightly forward. A little below the middle of the whorls there is a very obscure flat spiral band. Length of the only specimen collected 9 lines; width at body whorl 34 lines ; length of the aperture 2% lines; width of the same 2 lines. Locality and Formation. — Paquette Rapids on the River Ottawa. Black River limestone. Collector.—Sir W. E. Logan. Evunema Ericone. (N. sp.) Fig. 37. Description.—Turbinate, obtusely conical; apical angle about 80°; whorls four or five, ventricose, with a flat spiral band about the middle ; suture in the cast deep. The body whorl is most ventricose near the base and moderately convex above to the suture. In the upper whorls there is a shallow concavity just above the flat spiral band. The aperture appears to be obtusely oval. Length of specimen 12 inches; width at the aperture about 1 inch; the body whorl occupies about half the whole length ; width of spiral band on last whorl 2 lines. Surface unknown. 36 Of this species I have seen only one specimen and that is a cast of the interior. At first sight it might be taken for a species of Holopea but owing to the spiral band it more probably does not belong to that genus. Locality and Formation.—Near L?Orignal. Black River limestone. Collector. —R. Bell. SuBULITES PARVULUS. (CN. sp.) Deseription.—Shell small, fusiform, much curved below the middle. Spire of four or five whorls, the last one rather more than half the whole length ; whorls depressed convex, almost flat; suture not deep. Length about 1 inch; width at about the mid-length 5 lines. Surface unknown. The greatest width is about the middle or a little below. From this point the shell tapers in both directions, with a rounded slope to the apex and with a broad rounded curve in the base of the last whorl. The side opposite the aperture forms in outline a regular arch from the apex to the lower extremity of the aperture. The height of this arch measured in the middle is a little greater than the width of the shell. The suture is so slightly impressed that when the shell is preserved the spire must be a nearly smooth cone. There is a species very like this in the limestones of the south side of the Straits of Belle Isle. Locality and Formation. — Paquette Rapids on the Ottawa River ; and near L’Orignal. Black River limestone. Collectors.—K. Billings, R. Bell. Genus Mztoproma, (Phillips.) Metorroma (Phillips)—Geology of Yorkshire Part, 2. p. 223, 1836. Generic characters.—Shell univalve, patelliform, more or less conical ; apex anterior, either erect or incurved forwards. External surface either smooth or horizontally or vertically striated or ribbed. Internal surface either smooth or with a crescentiform row of small circular or oval mus- cular impressions open towards the anterior extremity. Prof. Philips confines this genus to such as have “ the face under the apex” truncate. There is, however, as is well shewn by our specimens a gradation between those with the aperture oval or circular and those which have it straight in front and curved at the sides and posterior margin. These shells are referred by some to Capulus and by others to Patella both of which names have been used by me also. But we have now two species from the Quebec group which shew that the muscular impressions 387 do not form one continuous scar as in these two genera but consist of a number of small isolated cavities. It may be that when the internal characters of Phillips’ species become well known, these Lower Silurian forms will be referred to a different genus, but until we have some evidence of a generic difference it would not be safe to give them a separate designation. In all external characters they are identical with the Carboniferous forms. Metoptoma Niopg. (N. sp.) Fig. 38.—Metoptoma Niobe, a, side view; b, view of upper side. 39.—M. Nycteis. a, side view ; 6, view of upper side. Deseription.—Oval, subconical, apex much elevated, almost directly above (but alittle behind) the anterior margin ; posterior margin somewhat narrowly rounded; sides gently convex; anterior extremity more narrowly rounded than the posterior. On a side view the outline of this shell is subtriangular; the base and anterior extremity straight and forming an angle with each other only a little less than 90° ; the dorsal outline very gently curved from the posterior margin for half the length, beyond which it is not known. The apex is not preserved in the only specimen collected but judging from the straightness of the portion of the anterior extremity that remains it is probably not incurved and forms the most elevated point of the shell. . Surface apparently with fine concentric striez. Length 14 lines; width 9 lines ; height so far as is known 5 lines, but judging from the shape it is probably 6 or 7 lines in a perfect shell. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh, in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. In the upper part of the Calciferous formation. Collector.—H. Billings. 88 q Meroproma Nycrzrs. (N. sp.) Fig. 39. Description.—Ovate, uniformly rounded posteriorly, sides gently convex, anterior extremity more narrowly rounded than the posterior. On a side view the greatest elevation is at about one-third or one-fourth the whole length from the apex; the latter small, acutely rounded, a little over- hanging the base and depressed below the greatest elevation about three- sevenths the whole height of the shell. From the most promment point the outline is gently and uniformly curved to the front margin, from the same point descending with a shorter curve to the apex. Length at the base, from 12 to 16 lines; greatest width a little behind the middle, from 9 to 12 lines ; greatest elevation, from 5 to 7 lines ; height of apex above base, 8 or 4 lines. Surface unknown. Locality and Formation.—Mingan Islands. In the upper part of the Calciferous formation. Collectors.—Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson. Meztoptoma Husune. (N. sp.) Description.—Ovate, posterior margin broadly rounded, greatest width at about one third or one fourth the length from the posterior margin, from which poit the sides are somewhat straight and converging so as to form an obtuse angle of about 110° at the apex. The shell is rather strongly convex, most elevated in the middle or a little behind the middle and the apex incurved nearly down to the plane of the lateral margin. Surface only imperfectly known, apparently marked with somewhat rugose concentric lines of growth. Length 13 lines; width 14 lines; height 7 lines. This species resembles MZ. Mycteis, but is comparatively much broader behind, and has the apex not so much elevated. Locality and Formation.—Phillipshurgh, in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. Upper part of the limestone. In beds holding fossils approaching in aspect to those of the Chazy or Black River limestone. Collector.—P. J. Farnsworth. Meroproma Oriruyia. (N. sp.) Fig. 40. Description.—Acutely conical, apex much elevated, base ovate, the margin broadly rounded anteriorly, sides in the anterior half gently round- ed, in the posterior half slightly concave and the posterior margin narrowly rounded. ‘The outline in a side view is subtriangular, the apex a little in 39 front in the middle, the anterior slope gently concave or nearly straight and the posterior gently convex. The posterior part of the shell is a little compressed and there is a wide shallow concave depression running from the apex to the base near the posterior edge. Surface unknown. Height about 1 inch, length of base 11 lines, greatest width 7 lines. Fig. 40. Fig. 41. Fig. 40.—Metoptoma Orithyia. u, form of the base; b, side view. 41.—M. Trentonensis. a, view of the upper side ; b, side view. Locality and Formation.—Phillipsburgh, in the County of Missisquoi, Canada East. In the upper part of the Calciferous formation. Collector.—H. Billings. Merortoma Erato. (N. sp.) Description.—Hlongate, oval, posterior margin uniformly rounded ; sides very gently convex: anterior extremity narrowly rounded or pointed, form- ing an angle of about 90°. The shell for the greater part is uniformly convex; on approaching the apex compressed at the sidéS, forming a narrowly rounded or subcarinate umbo. The greatest elevation is in the anterior half of the shell; the apex is obtusely pointed and depressed so that its position is at about half the whole height of the shell. The outline in a side view gently concave at the anterior extremity beneath the apex, while above it is uniformly curved from the apex to the posterior margin. Surface nearly smooth but shewing indications of concentric strie. Length 11 lines; width 7 lines; height 3 lines. Of this species I have seen only three specimens. Two of these seem to be slightly unsymmetrical or have the apex not quite in the median line. It is closely allied to MZ. Nycteis, but is smaller and more depressed. Locality and Formation. — Paquette Rapids, on the Ottawa River. Black River limestone. Collector.—H. Billings. 40 Meroptoma Trentonensis. (N. sp.) Fig. 41. Description.—Shell small, nearly circular, anterior margin obtusely rounded or subtruncate ; convex most clevatod a little in advance of the middle. The apex varies somewhat in its position. In some specimens it is directly over the anterior margin, and in such it is depressed below the greatest elevation of the shell. In others it is a little behind the anterior margin or nearly central, in which cases it sometimes forms the most elevated point. The shell is thick and the surface marked with fine strix and often with irregular tumid ridges of growth. The form in some is perfectly circular but in others the anterior margin is nearly straight beneath the apex, or very gently rounded showing an approach to the regularly truncated species. The individuals vary little im size being in general 5 or 6 lines in length and breadth and 2 or 3 lines in height. This species is more abundant in individuals than any other known in our rocks but apparently confined to particular localities. Locality and Formation.—Chevrotiére and Island of Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collecturs.—Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson. AvicuLa Hermione. (N. sp.) Fig. 42. Fig. 42.—Avicula Hermione. Deseriplion.—Ovate, front margin broadly rounded, convex, most pro- minent in the upper half. Beaks small, closely incurved, umbo narrowly convex hut not so much elevated as the middle of the shell. Tlinge line and wings unknown. Surface ornamented with strong concentric strize 41 of variable size usually 6 or 8 in 1 line, but in some places only 8 or 4. These are crossed by small threadlike radiating ridges of which there are 5 or 6 in the width of 2 lines about the middle of the shell. Length 2 inches; width about the middle 14 inches. This species is allied to A. elliptica (Hall) but differs in being more convex and pointed above and also in having the surface reticulated by both radiating and concentric strize. Tt seems to be very rare, only one imperfect specimen having been found. Locality and Formation.—Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collector.—E. Billings. CoNocaRDIUM IMMATURUM. (N. sp.) Fig. 43, Fig. 43.—Conocardium immaturum, enlarged. Desecription.—This little species is from 24 to 4 lines in width on the hinge-line and 14 to 24 in length measured from the umbones to the ven- tral margin. The body of the shell is subtriangular, ventricose, the ven- tral margin rounded, the posterior angle about one fifth more remote from the umbones than the anterior, the umbonial angle acute, apparently 20° or 80°. The anterior wing is triangular compressed, its dorsal margin convex, forming with the anterior margin an angle of about 45°. At the junction of the lower margin of the wing with the ventral margin of the body of the shell there is an obtuse notch, in consequence of the curvature of the two margins mentioned. The posterior wing is small slender and cylindrical at its extremity but towards the body of the shell it rapidly expands into a broad base occupying about 4 the length of the posterior side of the body of the shell. The umbones are small but distinctly eleva- ted above the hinge line. The beaks are closely incurved. Surface covered with fine radiating ribs, just visible to the naked eye. Of these, 10 can be counted on the anterior wing and about double the same number on the body. The following are the dimensions of the most perfect specimen observed. Width on hinge line including both wings 24 lines; from the umbones to extremity of anterior wing 14 lines; from the umbones to extremity of posterior wing 1 line; from umbones to ventral margin 13 lines; width D 42 of ventral margin 14 lines; the anterior ventral angle is about 2 of a line more remote from the umbones than the posterior angle. None of the specimens examined are quite perfect, and it seems pro- bable that in some the posterior wing may be proportionally a little larger. In the one figured, a piece appears to have been broken off. D. D. Owen has figured a small species, under the name of Plewrorhyn- chus antiqua, in his Report on the Geology of Wisconsin and Iowa, Pl. 2 B. Fig. 19. His figure shows the body of the shell and the anterior wing, but not the posterior siphonal wing. Judging from so much as is exhibited, the ventral margin of the body of the shell does not project so far below the lower margin of the anterior wing as it does in this species. Owen found his specimen in the Lower Silurian rocks at Lower Fort Garry, on the Red River, in the Hudson Bay Company’s territory. It may be that this species belongs to an undescribed genus, but until the interior can be seen, we are compelled to place it in Conocardium on account of its external characters. Locality and Formation.— Paquette Rapids, on the Ottawa River. Black River limestone. Collectors —Sir W. E. Logan, E. Billmgs. MovroLopsis Meryeri. (N. sp.) Fig. 44. Fig. 44.—Modiolopsis Meyeri. Description —Transversely sub-ovate, alated posteriorly, rather strongly ventricose. ‘The umbones are a little flattened and the beaks strongly in- curved. From the umbones a strong oblique gibbosity extends diagonally downwards and backwards, becoming obsolete near the lower posterior angle. The hinge line is straight and about half the whole transverse length of the shell. The posterior half of the dorsal margin is elevated into a rather prominent rounded alation, thence descending with an uniform gentle curve to the posterior extremity, which is narrowly rounded and confined to the lower half of the shell. Ventral margin gently convex; anterior extre- mity small, about one-seventh the whole transverse length. 48 The length from posterior to anterior extremity is about 2 inches; from greatest elevation of dorsal margin in the posterior half to ventral margin, 1 inch ; from umbones to ventral margin, # of an inchs Differs from M. Modiolaris in its greater gibbosity, and from IZ. Gtes- nert in the convex ventral margin, and absence of a byssal sinus. Locality and Formation.—City of Ottawa. Trenton limestone. Collector.—H. Billings. ‘Moptotopsis Gusnert. (N. sp.) Fig. 45. Fig. 45—a, View of right valve and 6, hinge line of Mf. Gesneri. Description.—Transversely elongate, arcuate, ventricose in the poste- rior half; a wide, shallow byssal sinus extending from the umbones to the ventral margin where it occupies the posterior two-thirds of the anterior half of the shell. Umbones somewhat flattened by the byssal sinus ; beaks closely incurved ; dorsal margin from the umbones to within about one- fourth of the whole length from the posterior extremity gently arched, or nearly straight, and nearly parallel with the ventral margin; then des- cending with a gentle curved slope to the posterior extremity, which is narrowly rounded; ventral margin, with the exception of the concave curve caused by the byssal sinus, nearly parallel with the dorsal. Anterior extremity small, about one-sixth of the whole transverse length of the shell. Surface with concentric ridges of growth of variable size, four or five in one line, with stronger ones sometimes two or three lines apart. Transverse length, 24 inches ; from the umbones to ventral margin, 10 or 12 lines. 44 Differs from M. Modiolaris in heing more ventricose in the posterior half, and in having a more deeply impressed byssal sinus, and in having the dorsal and ventral margins more nearly parallel. Locality and Formation.—City of Ottawa, Trenton limestone ; also at the Petite Chaudiére Rapids, two miles from Ottawa, in the Black River limestone. Collectors—J. Richardson, E. Billings. MopioLopsis Mata. (N. sp.) Fig. 46. Description.—Small, transverse, ventricose ; posterior extremity obliquely truncated; umbones somewhat flattened; beaks small, closely incurved, almost in contact with each other. Dorsal margm behind the um- bones straight, gradually ascending until about one third of the whole transverse length from the posterior extremity, forming an obtuse angle of about 120° with the posterior margin which descends with a gently curved slope to the posterior angle, the latter obtusely rounded and situated in the ventral third of the shell. Ventral margin nearly straight in the pos- terior two thirds narrowly curved upwards at the posterior angle, more broadly curved up to the anterior angle which is narrowly rounded and situated a little below the middle of the shell and projecting about } the whole transverse length im front of the umbones. A wide, very shallow byssal smus extends from the beak obliquely backwards to the ventral mar- gin, the middle 4 of the length of which it occupies. A strong umbonial gibbossity runs diagonally backwards and downwards, becoming obsolete just before reachmg the posterior ventral angle. Between this and the posterior extremity of the hinge line there is a concave slope. The grea- test -gibbosity is about the mid-length of the shell and nearer the dorsal than the ventral margin. Surface not well exhibited in the specimen observed but shewing a few concentric lines of growth. Transverse length 6 lines ; umbones to ventral margin 8 lines ; poste- rior extremity of hinge line to ventral margin 3: lines. Locality and Formation.—East of Blue Point, Lake St. John, on the Saguenay. ‘Trenton limestone. Collector.—J. Richardson. 45 MoproLopsis Nats. (N. sp.) Fig. 46. Fig. 47. Fig. 46.—Modiolopsis Maia, a, right valve ; b, hinge line. 47.—M. Nais. a, right valve; b, hinge line. Description.—Shell, small, oblong, dorsal and ventral margins straight and nearly parallel, posterior extremity slightly wider than the anterior, obliquely and rather abruptly truncated with a moderate curvature. Anterior margin sloping from the umbones at an angle of about 130° ; ante- rior extremity about 1 the whole transverse length, narrowly rounded and situated just below the middle. Umbones small, slightly flattened by the nearly obsolete byssal sinus; beaks small, closely incurved but not in con- tact. The valves are moderately ventricose and the umbonial ridge scarcely prominent, the slope from it to the dorsal margin even, gently convex with a barely perceptible concavity just at the posterior dorsal angle. Surface with rather strong sublamellose concentric ridges of growth, with finer ones between. Transverse length 5 lines; umbones to ventral margin 24 lines; slightly more extended posteriorly ; depth of both valves 2 lines. Locality and Formation —Paquette Rapids, on the Ottawa River. Black River limestone. Collector.—Sir W. EH. Logan. Mopiotopsis ApRAsTIA. (N. sp.) Description.—Sub-triangular, 2 or 3 inches in transverse length, gra- dually tapering from the umbones to the posterior extremity, which is pointed or narrowly rounded. Ventral margin straight, gradually curved upwards at both extremities ; anterior margin somewhat straight, descend- ing with an oblique slope below the middle to the narrowly rounded ante- rior extremity, forming an angle of between 60° and 70° with the ventral margin. Umbones inconspicuous, somewhat flattened ; beaks small, closely incurved ; valves only moderately ventricose, usually rather compressed. Surface with numerous rounded concentric undulations, two or three in one line. 46 Transverse length of best specimen 23 inches; umbones to ventral margin 15 lines. This species differs from most others of this genus in tapering to a nar- rowly rounded posterior extremity, and in its undulated surface. Locality and Formation.—St. Joseph’s Island, Lake Huron. Black River limestone. Collector.—A. Murray. CrenoponTA ABRUPTA. (N. sp.) &) Fig. 48. Fig. 49. Fig. 48.—Ctenodonta abrupta. a, left valve; b, posterior extremity ; c, hinge line. 49.—Cyrtodonta Leucothea. Description.—Sub-triangular, ventricose, umbones large, beaks closely incurved, the posterior extremity abruptly truncated. In the outline, the anterior and posterior dorsal margins form a right angle (very nearly) with each other. The anterior extremity is broadly rounded and is placed altogether in the lower half of the shell. The ventral margin is usually rounded, but issometimes nearly straight in the posterior half. The poste- rior ventral angle is small, narrowly rounded, and near the ventral margin ; ligament short and very prominent. Surface with concentric lines of growth of variable size, some of them rather fine. Width, 6 or 7 lines; length from umbones to ventral margin, 5 or 6 lines ; depth of both valves, 4 lines. In the above description I have called the side on which the ligament is placed, the posterior extremity, although it is very abruptly truncated and the beaks seem to curve towards it. Locality and Formation. — Paquette Rapids, Ottawa River. Black River limestone. Also in the Trenton, at the City of Ottawa. Collectors—Siv W. HE. Logan, E. Billings. Cyrtoponta Levcorugza. (N. sp.) Fig. 49. Deseription.— Shell small, rhomboidal, greatly alated and abruptly truncated posteriorly. Umbones depressed, convex ; beaks closely incurved but scarcely in contact. Dorsal margin behind the umbones straight, in 47 front of the umbones also nearly straight or gently concave, the umbonial angle about 135° ; posterior extremity broader than the anterior, gently rounded, nearly at right angles with the dorsal; ventral margin nearly straight for three-fourths the whole length, narrowly curved upwards at each extremity. Anterior margin consisting of the portion of the dorsal margin in front of the umbones above mentioned. From the umbones a prominent broad gibbosity extends obliquely downwards to the lower pos- terior angle, between this gibbosity and the posterior dorsal angle a gentle slope becoming perceptibly concave on approaching the angle. Surface nearly smooth. Width of dorsal margin, from umbones to posterior dorsal angle, 2 lines; from wmbones to anterior ventral angle, 14 lines ; length of ventral margin, 3 lines; of posterior margin, 2% lines ; depth of both valves, 2 lines. Locality and Formation.—Paquette Rapids, on the River Ottawa. Black River limestone. Collector —Sir W. E. Logan. Lineuta Proeng. (N. sp.) Fig. 50. Fig. 51. Fig. 50.—LZingula Progne. u, dorsal valve; b, ventral valve. ® 51.—L. Kingstonensis. u, dorsal valve; 6, ventral valve. Description.—Shell oblong-oval ; both valves gently and uniformly con- vex; front margin broadly rounded or somewhat straight ; anterior angles rounded ; sides and the anterior two thirds of the length with the exception of the anterior angles straight or gently convex, parallel; in the posterior third converging with a slightly convex slope to beaks. The ventral valve is somewhat pointed at the beak with an apical angle of about 70°; the apex of the dorsal valve is obtusely rounded. Surface with concentric undulations, more numerous in some specimens than in others. In addition to these there are fine concentric strie and longitudinal radiating lines, the latter not visible at all on some of the specimens until the surface is partially exfoliated. Colour black, shining. Length 5 or 6 lines; width about 2 of the length. A specimen found at Montreal 94 lines in length and 5 lines in width appears to belong to this species. 48 All of the specimens that have come under my observation are more or less flattened by pressure, but the true form of the shell appears to be gently and uniformly convex. Locality and Formation —Montreal, in the Trenton limestone. Colling- wood, in the Utica Slate. Collectors —Sir W. E. Logan, A. Murray, J. Richardson. Lineuta Kinestronensis. (N. sp.) Fig. 51. Description.—Ovate or sub-pentagonal ; anterior angles rounded ; front margin somewhat straight or gently convex; sides nearly straight and par- allel from the anterior angles until within one third the length from the apex, then converging with a gently convex slope to the beaks; apex acutely rounded ; apical angle about 90°. Surface with a smooth glisten- ing aspect, and marked by minute concentric undulations of the shell. Colour dark brownish-black. Length from 24 lines to 6 lines; width a little variable, from 2 to 4 the length, Somewhat resembles LZ. Huronensis but is smaller and more compressed and does not exhibit the three flat planes of that species. It is more closely allied to L. Progne from which it differs in being proportionally shorter and broder. The specimens examined are nearly all flattened by pressure but some of them which preserve the natural form very nearly appear to be uniformly depressed convex. Locality and Formation.—Long Island near Kingston. Black River limestone. Collectors.—J. Richardson and Mr. A. T. Drummond of Kingston. - Lixecuta Briszts. (N. sp.) Fig 52. Fig, 52.—Lingula Briseis, «and b, views of two specimens. 53.—L. Philomela. 54.—L. Cobourgensis. a, view of ventral valve. 6, longtiudinal section. 49 Description.—Elongate, conical ; anterior angles rounded ; front margin nearly straight or gently convex; sides somewhat straight and parallel in the lower half, then converging with a very moderate curve to the beaks ; apex acutely rounded. Both valves appear to be very slightly convex and with a slight barely perceptible concavity near the sides. Surface when perfect to the naked eye nearly smooth and with a glistening lustre ; under the lens shewing very fine longitudinal strize ; these become more apparent when the shell is partially exfoliated. There are also numerous obscure undu- lations of growth. One of the valves shews in the cast of the interior a strong groove along the median line sometimes extending nearly the whole length of the shell. Colour of shell light brown. Length of largest specimen seen 9 lines; width at one fourth the length from the base 5 lines at one fourth the length from the apex 33 lines. Specimens from 5 lines up to 9 lines in length occur associated together in the same locality. This species resembles L. Progne but is of a more nearly conical shape, the side commencing to converge towards the apex from a point about the middle or a little below. Locahty and Formation.—Near Olivier’s Mills on the River Bayonne. Lower part of Trenton limestone. Collector.—J. Richardson. Lineuua Puttomena. (CN. sp.) Fig. 53. Description.—Very elongate, oval; width a little less than half the length; front margin rather narrowly rounded with a small space in the middle straight or sinuate; sides for about two thirds the length straight or very gently convex ; the apical extremity appears to be obtusely angu- lar but this still remains doubtful as no specimens with this part perfect have been collected. The shell is rather strongly convex, most prominent at or about the mid-length. There is shallow concave sinus extend- ing all along the median line from near the apex to the front margin. Surface with fine crowded imbricating strie of variable size, the smaller just visible to the naked eye and the larger partaking of the nature of squamose interruptions of growth. Colour in the black limestone black. A specimen in grey limestone shewing the interior in a state of exfoliation is light greyish-brown, but this may be owing to some circumstance in the fossilization of the shell. Length 16 lines; width 7 lines. Locality and Formation.—Montmorenci Falls, and Island of Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collectors —Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson. ' 50 LinauLa Copourcensis. (N. sp.) Fig. 54. Description.—Almost regularly oval; greatest width about the middle ; length one-fourth greater than the width; anterior extremity uniformly rounded ; apex obtusely angular ; both extremities sub-equal; sides gently convex. Both valves are moderately convex, and one of them has some- times an irregular furrow extending from near the beak along the median line for one-half or three-fourths the length. Colour, dark brown, with some shades of light brown or yellow ; general aspect smooth and shining, with fine concentric undulations of growth, which become fine, elevated, sharp, closely crowded striz, on each side of the beak; longitudinal strize are visible on some specimens. Length, about 1 inch; width, about 3 of aninch ; depth of both valves, 3 or 4 lines. Smaller specimens occur associated with the larger. Although the specimens appear to be abundant, I have never seen one with the beaks entire. 2. obtusa (Hall)is a smaller shell, wider in front and of a black colour. Locality and Formation.—Cobourg, Trenton limestone. Also at Col- lingwood, in the same formation. Collectors—T. Devine, Esq., Crown Lands Dept., Mr. J. F. Smith, Toronto, R. Bell. Lincuta Dapung. (N. sp.) LINGULA aTTENUATA, (Hall,) Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, p. 94, PL. 30, figs la 1b, Not L. atten- wata, (Sowerby.) Description.—Shell ovate, broadest in the anterior half, moderately pointed in the rostral half; front margin uniformly rounded ; sides in the lower half gently convex, and in the upper somewhat straight or slightly curved and converging to an angle of between 50° and 70° at the apex. The valves are uniformly convex, the greatest tumidity being in the upper half. Surface with fine concentric strie and occasionally minute undula- tions of the shell resembling strize to the naked eye. Length, from 4 to 8 lines; width varying from 2 to 2 the length. This species has been referred to L. attenuata, Sowerby, but it differs therefrom in having the front uniformly rounded. In the English species the front margin is nearly straight in the middle, and the sides in the lower half also nearly straight and parallel. Locality and Formation.—Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collectors.—Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson, 51 Discina Circe. (N. sp.) Fig. 55. Fig. 56. Fig. 55.—Discina Circe. Fig. 56.—D. Pelopea, Description.—Circular ; lower valve with the apex central or very nearly 80; peduncular groove acutely oval, extending from the apex about two- thirds the distance to the margin. The foramen is probably situated at the outer extremity of the groove, but it cannot be seen in the specimen examined. The upper valve (supposed to be that of this species,) has the apex situated about one-third the semi-diameter from the margin. In both valves the apex is smooth. Surface with rather strong, sub-lamellose concentric strie, which become more distant and coarser from the apex outwards. At the margin there are four or five ridges in 1 line, but next to the apex double that number in the same space. The ridges are somewhat irregular, bemg in some places slightly undulated, and occasionally branched, two or more running into one. The grooves are rather wider than the ridges, and the lamellose aspect of the latter appears to be due to their bemg more abruptly elevated on the inner side, or the side towards the apex than on the outside. Width of the specimen of the lower valve examined, 9 lines; length of peduncular sulcus, 34 lines ; width of same, 4a line. Another specimen (an upper valve) is 7 lines wide. The lower valve is depressed, conical, and appears to have been about 2 lines in height, but as it is somewhat distorted by pressure, the true elevation cannot be determined. The upper valve seems to be less convex than the lower. The species described by Prof. Hall, under the name of Orbicula lamel- losa, (Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, p. 99, pl. 80, figs. 10 a 0,) appears to be a smaller and more finely striated species. It may be that the figures repre- sent a young individual of this species ; but, at all events, the name pro- posed by Prof. Hall cannot be retained, as it was pre-occupied by another and very distinct species, D. lamellosa. (Brod. Zool. Proc. 1833, p. 124.) This species also resembles D. Forbesit (Davidson,) a Wenlock lime- stone species, but differs in having the apex of the lower valve central, instead of eccentric. 52 Locality and Formation.—Belleville, Trenton limestone. Also Flat Point, Lake St. John, in the same formation. Collectors. —E. Billings, (Belleville), J. Richardson, (Lake St. John.) Discina PeLopga. (N. sp.) Fig. 56. Description—Upper valve circular, depressed conical. Apex about half the semi-diameter from the posterior margin. Surface with fine con- centric striz when perfect, but when partially exfoliated, smooth and places polished shining. Colour, black ; width, 6 lines. Lower valve unknown. This species is about the size and shape of D. lamellosa, (Hall) but has the apex rather nearer the margin. It differs from D. czrce in the same character, and also in being smaller and not so strongly striated. Locality and Formation —Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collector.—Sir W. EH. Logan. Trematis MonTREALENsis. (N. sp.) Fig. 57. Fig. 58. Fig. 59. Fig. 57.—Trematis Montrealensis. Lower valve, shewing the small penduncular notch. 58.—T. Ottawaensis. Upper valve. 59 —T. Huronensis. a, lower valve; b, longitudinal section, shewing the curvature of both valves; c, a portion of the surface enlarged. Description.—Lower valve transversely broad, oval, depressed, convex, nearly flat; foramen consisting of a very small notch in the posterior mar gin; surface with a few concentric strize and undulations ; shell, jet black and where not striated, presenting a polished, shining appearance. Width of specimen, 7 lines; length, 5 lines; height, about 1 line. The greatest convexity is at about one-third the diameter from the pos- terlor margin. Of this species we have only a single valve. The anterior margin, for about half a line in width is abruptly bent down, and it is not certain that this is the result of accident. 58 T. Terminalis has the lower valve more elevated and a deeper notch for a foramen; 7’. Huronensis has the lower valve concave. Locality and Formation.—Montreal. Trenton limestone. Collector.—Sir W. E. Logan. TREMATIS OTTAWAENSIS. Fig. 58. Description.—Nearly circular ; length a little greater than the width ; upper valve moderately and uniformly convex, most elevated about the middle ; apex small, obtusely pointed, slightly elevated, marginal. Surface with fine, radiating striee, which increase by interstitial addition, sometimes closely crowded together, in which case there are ten or twelve in the width of one line ; occasionally more distant, or from four to eight in one line. The intermediate grooves are divided into square compartments by cross ridges, which connect the radiating ridges, but are not continuous, those in one groove not corresponding in position with those in the adjacent grooves, so as to form uninterrupted concentric lines. In specimens with the strize closely crowded together, only the radiating lines are distinctly visible, but the others can always be detected in good specimens, on close examination. Length, from 12 to 15 lines ; width a little less than the length. Lower valve unknown. The species figured by Prof. Hall, under the name of Orbicula filosa resembles this, but has the surface much more finely striated and not reti- culated. This is also a larger species. A large number of specimens of this species were found in one spot 4 or 5 yards in extent, in a thin stratum of argillaceous shale between beds of Trenton limestone at Ottawa. None of them were perfect, and they appeared to be all of the same value. Locality and Formation —City of Ottawa. Trenton limestone. Collector.—H. Billings. Trematis Huronensis. (N. sp.) Fig. 59. Description.—Obtusely oval. Lower valve gently concave ; foramen a deep triangular notch in the posterior margin, extending inwards a little more than half the distance to the centre. Upper valve, moderately con- vex, most elevated in the posterior half, with a small rounded beak, in- curved down to the plane of the posterior margin. Surface with fine very 54 obscure radiating strie, ten or twelve in the width of one line, crossed by fine concentric stria about the same distance apart. This arrangement of the striz gives to the surface a finely punctuated aspect. Length, 6 or 7 lines; width, 5 or 6 lines. The shell is thin and of a light brown or dun colour. When a little worn, it has a smooth, glistening appearance, and the punctures and striz are then scarcely visible. Trematis cancellata (G. B. Sowerby,) must be closely allied to this species. It is thus described: ‘ Shell orbicular, very flat, bemg more gibbous near the posterior extremity ; surface covered with close-set, ele- vated lines radiating from the apex, which are crossed by the elevated lines of growth, so that the entire surface has a finely reticulated appear- ance; the fissure in the ventral valve is small and close to the hinge; shell very thin; length and breadth, $ of an inch.”’ (Sharpe, Jour. Geo. Soc., Vol. 4, p. 69.) Ihave not seen Sowerby’s original description and figure, bnt from the above it would appear that 7’. cancellata has a small foramen, while 7’. Huronensis has a large one, and also the radiating and concentric striz not elevated. Locality and Formation.—Pallideau Islands, Lake Huron. Black River limestone. Collector.—A. Murray. Genus ARTHROCLEMA. (N. gen.) Generic characters.—The only species of this genus at present known consists of a cylindrical jointed stem with several long slender branches which are also usually jomted. The surface exhibits numerous small oval pores resembling those of Ptilodictya. These fossils have somewhat the appearance of species of Ptilodictya. but differ in having the stems cylindrical instead of compressed. Generic name from “ arthron” a jomt and * klema” a twig. ARTHROCLEMA PULCHELLA. (N. sp.) Fig. 60. Description.—The central or principal stem of this species is from 3 to 6 inches in length and from 4 a line to 2 lines in thickness. The joints are distant from 2 to 4 lines from each other. There are two branches to each joint situated exactly opposite to cach other on the opposite sides of the main stem. These also send off smaller branches from their opposite sides, the whole being arranged in one plane like the mid-rib and veins of a leaf. The young branches are not jointed but the full grown ones are. 55 The pores are oblong-oval about six in the length of one line. In general there,is, oneach side of the joint, an enlargement of the stem, the segments in such cases having somewhat the form of an hourglass. Fig. 60. Fig. 60.—Arthroclema pulchella. A specimen of the usual size partly imbedded in stone ; a, enlargement of one of the joints of the main stem and of a portion of one of the branches. Locality and Formation.—Trenton limestone, City of Ottawa. Also near Peterborough, Canada West. Collectors.—E. Billings and W. Rogers. STRoMATOPORA compacta. (N. sp.) Deseription.—This species forms small sub-globular masses, from 1 to 2 inches in diameter. The concentric lamella are thin and closely packed together, there being in some specimens from 6 to 12 layers in the thick- ness of 2 lines. This species differs from S. rugosa in being much smaller and more compact. It occurs in’localities where S. rugosa is not found, but at Pa- quette Rapids it is associated with that species in the same beds. Locality and Formation.—Island of Montreal, and Paquette Rapids, on the Ottawa river. Black River limestone. Collectors.—Sir W. HE. Logan, J. Richardson. 56 SERPULITES DIssoLuTuS. (CN. sp.) Description.—This species is usually from 2 to 3 inches in length, and from 14 to 3 lines in width at the larger extremity. The form is elongate, slender, tapering to an acute point, generally pressed quite flat, often showing on each side an elevated wire-like margin, running the whole length, asif twoof the opposite sides of the tube were thicker and stronger than the other two. In such specimens there is an irregular depression along the middle, between the two thickened margins. Colour, jet black, shining ; surface apparently smooth. The best preserved specimen that I have seen is 24 inches in length, and 1$ lines in width at the larger extremity. Another specimen with a por- tion of the smaller extremity broken off is 23 inches in length; 34 lines wide at the larger and 1 line wide at the smaller (broken) extremity. This specimen, when perfect, must have been a little more than three inches in length. This species is often found in slender, hair-like, jet-black, shining frag- ments, consisting of the separated thickened sides of the tube. No per- fectly entire specimens have been collected. Locality and Formation.— Montreal, Ottawa, Lachine, Naquareau. Trenton limestone. Collectors—Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson, E. Billings. Batuyurvus Satu. (N. sp.) Description.—The specimen upon which this species is founded consists of the glabella and the greater part of the fixed cheeks of a minute trilo- bite, discovered by Mr. J. F. Smith, of Toronto, two or three years ago, in the neighborhood of Peterborough, C.W. The glabella is obtusely conical, strongly convex, most elevated in the middle, separated from the cheeks by a deep dorsal furrow, which runs all round ; front margin obtusely rounded ; sides gently convex ; neck furrow extending all across. Cheeks moderately tumid. Eyes at about the midlength of the head, and distant about half the width of the glabella from the dorsal furrow. Length of glabella, 1 line ; width of the same, a little more than half a line; length of eye, apparently about 4 of a line. On account of the rather great convexity of the glabella, this species resembles a Menocephalus. I refer it to Bathywrus, provisionally. Locality and Formation.—Peterborough. Black River limestone. Collector.—Mr. J. F. Smith. 5T 3.—On some New Species of Fossils from the Quebec group. 1.—Syncuronism oF THE Point Liévis Limestonss. As there has been a good deal of discussion, with much diversity of opinion, on the subject of the geological age of the rocks at Point Lévis, it may not be out of place, here, to review the evidence upon which the position assigned to them in the recent publications of the Survey, is founded. The question is intimately connected with the characters of the Fauna of the Potsdam group, and I shall therefore, in the first place, give a list of the papers relating thereto, with the species described in each. 1847.—Pror. J. Hatt described Scolithus linearis, Lingula prima, and L. antiqua. The first of these was stated to occur in the Potsdam sandstone of the valley of Lake Champlain, ‘in the partially altered sand- stone of the same age, at the base of the Green Mountains, in Adams, Mass.,” in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Tennessee. The two species of Lingula were found in New York. (Pal. N.Y.,vol.i.) 1851.—Dr. H. A. Prout described Graptolithus Hallianus, from the Potsdam sandstone of Wisconsin. (Am. Jour. Sci. (2) xi, p.187.) This species has been since referred, by Prof. J. Hall, to the genus Dendro- graptus. 1851.—Sir W. E. Logan read a paper before the Geological Society of London ‘“ On the Occurrence of a Track and Foot-prints of an Animal in the Potsdam sandstone of Lower Canada.” He stated that his “ atten- tion was first drawn to the track by Mr. Abraham, then editor of the Montreal Gazette, who duly appreciated its possible geological importance, and inserted a notice of it in his daily journal.” (Jour. Geo. Soc., vol. vil, p. 247.) 1852.—Pror. R. Owew described and figured the tracks above men- tioned under the names of Protichnites septem-notatus, P. octo-notatus, P. latus, P. multinotatus, P. lineatus and P. alternans. As to the affinities of the creature which made the tracks, he says the Limulus ‘‘ comes nearest to his idea of the kind of animal which has left the im- pressions on the Potsdam sandstone.” (Jour. Geo. Soc., vol. viii, p. 214.) 1852.--Dr. D. D. Owen described Orbieula prima, Lingula ampla, L. pinnaformis, Dikelocephalus Minnesotensis, D. Pepinensis, D. Minis- caensis, D. Iowensis, D. granulosus, Lonchocephalus Chippewaensis, L. hamulus, Crepicephalus Wisconsensis, C’. Minniscaensis, and Menoce- phalus Minnesotensis, from the Potsdam sandstone of Wisconsin. He also cites with doubt Obolus Apollinis, L. antiqua and L. prima with Orthis and Crinoidal stems from the same beds. (Geol. Rep. on Wisconsin, Towa and Minnesota.) E 58 1859.—J. W. Sauter deserihed Conocephalites antiquatus from “a cast ina brown sandstone, said to he a bouldered fragment from Georzia.” (Jour. Geo. Soc., vol. xv, p. 554.) 1860.—Dr. B. F. Suumarp announced the discovery of the Potsdam sandstone and Caleiferous sandrock or their equivalents in Burnet county, in the State of Texas, and described one species, ( Orthis Coloradocnsis,) from the former. (‘Traus. Acad. Nat. Sci., St. Louis, vol. i, pp. 627, 672.) 1860.—Sir W. E. Logan described and figured a track in the Pots- dam sandstone under the name of CUimaetivliutes Wilsout. This track was discovered by Dr. James Wilson of Perth. (Can. Nat. Geol., vol. v,p. 279.) Dr. J. W. Dawson has described and figured the various tracks of Zimudus on the sand of the existing sea-beachcs, showing very clearly that both Protichiustes aud Clonactichnites may be the tracks of crustaceans. (Can. Nat. Geol. vol. vii, p. 275.) 1860.—F. H. Brapiey deseribed Comverphalites minutus from the Potsdam sandstone at Keeseville, N.Y. Ie also reported the occurrence of the cast of a Plewofomaria and a ermoidal jomt im the same beds. (Am. Jour. Sel. (2) xxx, p. 241.) 1861.—Dr. B. F. Situmarp described from the Potsdam of the locality in Burnet county in Texas, above mentioned, Discina aricroscoplea, Cam- erella (sp. ?), Capuius (sp. ?) Agnostus Coloradsensis, Arioncllus (Bathyurus) Teranus, A. (Bathyurus) planus, Conocephalites depressus, C. Billingsté and Dikelvecphalus, dtoemert. CAm. Jour. Sei. (2) xxvii, p. 218.) In this paper Dr. Shumard mentions the previous discovery, by Dr. Ferd. Roemer, of trilobites in Texas which had been referred by Barrande to the fauna of the Primordial zone. I have not access to Roemer’s work at present, or I would notice his species here. 18b2.—Dr. F. V. Haypen and F. B. Mgex gave an account of their discovery of the Potsdam sandstone around the Black Hills and other localities along the castern side of the Rocky Mountain range. They described Olovlella nana, Theca (Pugiuneulus) gregarea and crionellus Oweni from the Black Hills and Big Horn Mountains. They also cite species either identical with or closely allied to Lingula prima and L. acuminata, from the same localitics. (Am. Jour. Sci. (2) xxxiii, p. 78, Jan. 1862; also Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Dec. 1861, p. 435). 1862.—Dr. B. F. Suumarp revised several of D. D. Owen’s species, and also described Dikelocephalus latifrone, Arionellus bifurcatus, and Conucephalites minor from the Potsdam of Wisconsin. He algo made the first announcement of the occurrence of the genus Agnostus in this forma- tion. The species noticed by him “ appears to be identical with or at least 59 very nearly allied to” A. Orion which occurs at Port Lévis. (Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, vol. 1, May, 1862). 1863.—Pror. J. Hau revised a number of the above named species from the Potsdam sandstone of Wisconsin, and described the following new ones: Lingula Winona, L. Moisa, L. Aurora, Discina inutilis, Obolella? polita, Orthis Pepina, Platnceras primordialis, Huomphalus vaticinus, Theca primordialis, Serpulites Murehisoni, Dikelocephalus limbatus, D. spiniger, D. Misa, D. Osceola, Conocephalites Hos, C. Perseus; C. Shu- mardi, C. nasutus, C. Owent, C. Eryon, C. anatinus, C. Pattersoni, C. binodosus, C. Winona, C. diadematus, C. optatus, C. nactus, Cha- riocephalus Whuatfieldi, Illenurus quadratus, Triarthrella Auroralis, Agnostus Josepha, A. parilis, A. disparilis, Aglaspis Barrandei, Pemphigaspis bullata, and Amphion matutina. The new genera of trilobites described in this paper are Pemphigaspis Aglaspis, Triarthrella, Mlenurus, Chariocephalus and Ptychaspis. In the last of these is placed Owen’s two species, Dikelocephalus Minnesotensis and D. granulosus. All the species are illustrated by excellent figures. (16th Reg. Rep.) 1864.—Pror. A. WincuELL, of Michigan, described Orthis Barabuen- sis, Straparollus ( Ophileta) primordials, Pleurotomaria Advena,Ptychas- pis Barabuensis, Paleophycus articulatus, and P. informis, from the Potsdam sandstone of Sauk County, Wisconsin. He also reports from the same locality, Seolithus linearis, D. Minnesotensis and D. Pepinensis. Tn addition to the above, Prof. Hall has described from the Potsdam group in Vermont Olenellus Vermontana, O. Thompsoni and Bathynotus Holopyga. There will also be found in this work the following twenty-two species,—Seolithus Canadensis, Paleophycus incipiens, P. congregatus, Archeocyathus Atlanticus, A profundus, Obolus Labradoricus, Obolella chromatica, O. (Kutorgina) cingulata, Orthisina festinata, Camerella antiquata, Conocephalites miser, C. Adamsi, C. Vuleanus, C. Teucer, C. arenosus, Bathyurus senectus, B. parvulus, B. vetulus, B. perplexus, Salterella rugosa, S. pulchella, and S. obtusa. There are also in Canada certain beds, at present considered to form the upper layers of the Potsdam, which hold Lingula acuminata, Ophileta compacta, Pleurotomaria Canadensis, and a small orthoceratite. It may be that these beds should be placed in the base of the Calciferous, and, therefore, in the following comparisons the fossils they hold will not be taken into account. 60 Assuming that the above are all the described species of this series of rocks, the fauna of the Potsdam as at present known would appear to con- sist of— Plantaevcaw ss see's ss 4 sans Harnett la gy weer 6 species. 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