“TN: 448. 6 G7% sg CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY mineral indus IMPERIAL MINERAL RESOURCES BUREAU. THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. WAR PERIOD. FLUORSPAR. (1913-1919.) LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: ImpeRIAL House, Kincsway, Lonpon, W.C.2, and 28, ABINGDON STREET, Lonpon, S.W.1; 37, PETER STREET, MANCHESTER; 1, St. ANDREW’s Crescent, CARDIFF; 23, FortH Street, EDINBURGH; or from E. PONSONBY, Ltp., 116, Grarton Street, Dustin. 1921. Frice 9d. Net. Ww 67%, BRIT, TmrPeeAt. INET) TUTE, € on don/, Tal 94 § F6 678 /919 ObBOSO6 Ad PREFACE. The following digest of statistical and technical information relative to the production, consumption and value of Fluorspar will form a part of the volume or volumes on the Mineral Resources of the British Empire and Foreign Countries con- stituting the Annual Mineral Conspectus of the Bureau. In this, the first year of publication, an effort has been made to fill in, as far as possible, the hiatus due to the war in the publications relating to mining and metallurgical statistics. Labour, health and safety statistics have been omitted owing to the difficulty involved in procuring reliable information for the war period, but in future issues these statistics will be included in respect of each year. Resort will also be had to graphical representation of statistics of production, consumption, costs, and prices. The weights are expressed in long tons, that is to say, the British statute ton of 2,240 lb., and values in pounds, shillings and pence at par rates of exchange. Dr. F. H. Hatch, a Governor of the Imperial Mineral Resources Bureau, is Chairman of the Technical Advisory Com- mittee which has revised this work. R. A. 8. RepMAyNE, Chairman of the Governors. 2, Queen’ Anne’s Gate Buildings, London, §.W.1. June, 1921. (33616) Wt. 7263—68/206 1500 8/21 H.St G.36 CONTENTS. GENERAL WORLD'S PRODUCTION ... BRITISH EMPIRE : United Kingdom Union of South Africa Canada... Australia FOREIGN COUNTRIES : Germany ise United States ... REFERENCES TO TECHNICAL LITERATURE Pace. 10 10 12 13 14 16 GENERAL. Fluorspar (fluorite) is composed of calcium fluoride. It is ravely colourless and transparent, and is usually purple, green, yellow or white. At present the chief use of fluorspar is as a flux, especially in the manufacture of steel. The mineral was mined in Weardale as long ago as 1847 for use in blast furnaces. It has been used in increasing quantities in recent years in the basic open-hearth process of steel manufacture, in which process it acts as a very efficient flux. One drawback to its use for this purpose is the fact that its action renders the calcium phosphate of the slag less soluble. Another important metallurgical use is in the preparation of electrolytes employed in the reduction of aluminium ores and the refining of lead and antimony. Fluorspar is used also for enamelling purposes; for making agate ware and opalescent glass; and for cementing purposes in the manufacture of emery wheels and carbon electrodes. Transparent. and colourless fluorspar is used in the manufacture of special lenses and prisms. For use in this way it should be quite free from cracks and inclusions of foreign matter, and should be supplied in pieces }-inch or more in diameter. The world’s annual output of fluorspar, which at the present time is abont 300,000 tons, appears to be consumed roughly as follows :— Per cent. Metallurgical operations : ... 80 to 85 Manufacture of glass, and of enamelled and sanitary ware Sbes. laseeds ee i, LO to. 25 Chemical industry (manufacture of hee acid, etc.) ies 5 Other uses, including emery hele, ‘carbon electrodes and optical lenses 6 tds 3 Fluorspar is prepared for the market by hand-sorting, crushing, screening, washing, jigging and fine grinding. The separation from zine-blende, with which it is frequently associated, is effected by flotation. ‘ Fluorspar is marketed in three grades, viz., ‘* lump,” ‘‘ gravel,’ and ‘‘ ground ’’ or “‘ sand.”” The silica limit for lump and gravel is 6 per cent. ; for fluorspar to be used in the ceramic industry, 3 to 5 per cent. ; and for spar to be used in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, 4 per cent. Lead and zine compounds are both objectionable in fluorspar for use in the ceramic industry, and more than 1 per cent. of * 6 calcium carbonate is detrimental to its employment for chemical purposes. Standard specifications for the mineral for metallurgical purposes require it to contain not less than 85 per cent. of calcium fluoride and not more than 5 per cent. of silica. WORLD’S PRODUCTION. As shown in the following table, the United States is the largest producer of fluorspar. That country is also the largest consumer of the mineral, and, before the war, it imported more than 50 per cent. of the output of the United Kingdom. During and since the war, however, increasing amounts of fluorspar have been used in the United Kingdom, and there are not likely to be such large exports in the future. _ Before 1909, imports of fluorspar into the United States were duty-free. In that year a duty of $3 per ton was placed on imported spar, and this duty operated until 1913, when it was reduced to $1.50 per ton. In consequence of this reduction, English fluorspar was able to compete with the United States product as far west as Pittsburgh. It is noteworthy that, in the period 1909 to 1912, during which the higher duty was imposed, the output of fluorspar in the United States rose from 44,650 to over 102,700 tons, and there was a large decrease in the amount of fluorspar imported, which fell from 37,935 tons in 1910 to 9,112 tons in 1914. The remarkable increase in the production of fluorspar in the United States from 84,925 tons in 1914 to 235,551 in 1918 was due to increased open-hearth basic-steel production, which was more than doubled during the war period. Worlds Production of Fluorspar (long tons). Countries. 1913. | 1914. | 1915. | 1916. | 1917. | 1918. | 1919. United Kingdom ... | 53,663| 33,816 | 33,123! 54,731| 64,874| 53,498} 36,860 Canada ay _— 1,146| 3,794) 6,573) 4,521 Australia ... aes — _— 417| 1,379) 1,376) 2,378]; 2,328 Bavaria... ee 3,670] 1,476) 4,182) 6,366] 5,914} 6,295 Italy ae oes — — — 787 787 862 886 Norway ; oa _ _— 177 138 _ Saxony* ... «| 3,339] 3,728] 2,996] 2,719) 1,388] 2,295} 2.859, Spain ee a 345 78 364 273 246 344 275 United States —... {108,196 | 84,925 |122,269 )139,049 |195,382 |235,551 | 108,929 * Fluorspar and barytes. ~l BRITISH EMPIRE. United Kingdom.* The four main sources of the fluorspar supply in Great Britain are Derbyshire, Durham, Cornwall and North Wales, but of these only the first two are of any importance as producers at the present time. Derbyshire.—In this county fluorspar is found filling vein fissures and cavities in the Carboniferous Limestone. According to Wedd and Drabble,+ the fluorspar deposits are confined to the upper 600 feet of the limestone, and mainly to the uppermost a or 400 feet, and do not pass into the overlying grits and shales. The mineral is associated with barytes, calcite, and galena, and sometimes also with zinc-blende and copper ores. The massive fluorspar is usually opaque-white or faintly tinted, while the cubes found in cavities are from amber-yellow to deep violet in colour. Green, pink and pure blue tints are markedly absent. The ‘* Biue John ”’ variety, peculiar to Derbyshire, occurs only at the Blue John mine, Treak Cliff, in the Castleton district, and is used solely for ornamental work. This blue fluorspar occurs as a lining on the walls of fissures and pipes, or in layers arranged concentrically. It is usually associated with barytes, ‘‘ leaders ”’ of which are considered good guides to follow for a deposit of ‘* Blue John.” Derbyshire fluorspar is usually marketed in two grades, namely, ‘“‘lump-spar ’’ and ‘‘ gravel-spar.’’ The former, when dressed for the market, contains 90 to 95 per cent. of calcium fluoride, the latter containing from 55 to 75 per cent. The ‘‘ gravel-spar’’ is the tailings screened from old dumps, from which source a considerable quantity of the output is obtained at a cost which enables it to compete with the American fluorspar as far west as Pittsburgh, in spite of an import duty of $1.50 per ton. Most of the production of both grades is devoted to fluxing in iron and steel foundries. A third grade of fluorspar is now being produced near Matlock and at Ashover by grinding good ‘‘ lump- spar ’’ in a ball-mill. The mines were all worked in the first instance for lead, but the demand for fluorspar for fluxing purposes has encouraged the re-opening of many abandoned properties, where quantities of fluorspar had been left in the ‘‘ gob ’’ or ‘‘ goaf ’’ of the old workings. * Mines and Quarries, General Report with Statistics, Part II[, by the Chief Inspector of Mines (Annual). Annual Statements of the Trade of the United Kingdom. Mem. Geol. Surv. Great Britain, Vol. IV. Fluorspar, 1917. + Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., 1908, 35, 501-535. 8 The following analysis* made by Dr. G. Tate, of Liverpool, is of ‘‘ lump-spar,’’ from the High Loft Mine, Matlock Bath, and shows a remarkably low silica percentage :— Per cent. Calcium fluoride (CaF.) ‘ ee 98°5 Calcium carbonate (CaCO,) ... a 05 Silica (Si0.) : 5 ag Ne O1 99°1 Durham.—In this county the productive locality is the upper part of Weardale, from Stanhope to the source of the River Wear in the west, an area of about 80 to 90 square miles. This district is entirely occupied by Carboniferous strata, mostly belonging to the higher divisions of the Carboniferous Limestone, with a capping of Millstone Grit on the highest ground. The district is an old lead-mining centre, and fluorspar has long been produced there, although there is no record of output previous to 1883. The veins are abundant and are of the fissure type, mostly filling small faults. Variations in the country rock appear to affect the veins only as regards quantity and not as to quality. The limestones seem to be the most productive. There appear to be abundant resources of fluorspar in this neighbourhood, not only in the old lead-mining workings, but also in veins still untouched. The following may be taken as typical analyses :— (a) (b) Crawley Spar Mine, Groverake Mine, Weardale Coal & Coke Co. Lump-Spar. —— Per cent. —_— Per cent. CaF, ... 76°10 CaF, 93°68 SiO. ... 17°40 BaF, 2°42 CaSO, “14 SiO. trace Pbs... “07 CaCl, trace PbO ... dies 1°04 BaSO, 0°42 Fe.03+ Al,O3 oe 10 Fe.O3 0-21 MnO ... st 1:21 Al,O; 0:29 MgO ... 18 MgO 0°23 Zn trace H3P0O, 0°13 Loss ... 1:00 H.0 2°65 Total ... 100: 24 Total ... 100-03 * Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., 1908, 35, 513. euros a ° oe Sedling Mine. — Per cent. Lump-Spar. | Smalls. CaF, ... ies sass 96°06 91251 93°89 SiO; ... ae si 3°24 4°50 2°40 Fe,Q3... aie bat 0°24 0-23 1:00 Al,O3 ... aieig ey 0°36 0°12 0°35 MgO ... ei Ba trace trace trace H3PO, ss ie 0°05 0°06 0°06 H;0 ... ta Be trace nil | trace el 0-09 0-90 | 1°20 ZnS... gs ees 0°13 1°85 0°47 0°83 O71 Total... 0... 100-17 100-00 | 100-08 (a) Mem. Geol. Surv. Great Britain, Vol. IV. Fluorspar (1917) p. 20. (b), (c), (a) Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., 1908, 35, 253. Northumberland.—F luorspar is abundant in the gangue of the old lead workings in the Allenheads district of Northumberland, a few miles to the north of Wearhead. The deposits are very similar to those of the Weardale district, excepting that they contain a quantity of zinc-blende, which is absent in the Wear- dale deposits. Cumberland.—The Rotherhope Fell vein, about 24 miles south-west of Alston in this county, is from 15 feet to 30 feet in width, and consists of a mixture of fluorspar, quartz and calcite, with galena and a little zinc-blende. The fluorspar is of good quality, but so closely associated with the other minerals that pure lump is rare. The United States has been the chief destination of fluorspar exports from the United Kingdom. The amount exported during the war period was, however, much less than that shipped abroad during the preceding five years, and it appears that by far the greater part of the fluorspar now produced in the United Kingdom is being consumed at home, largely in basic-steel production. Production of Fluorspar in the United Kingdom. Quantity Value Year. (long tons). (£). TOES sas ih au 53,663 14,955 1914... ee ee 33,816 11,005 1915... ahs nhs 33,123 11,484 1916... Sue ane 54,731 18,697 1917_—iw.. we ab 64,874 36,462 1918... a a 53,498 41,310 1919... Sac bze 36,860 36,252 33616 A 10 Value of Exports of Fluorspar from the United Kingdom. (Domestic Produce.)* Value Year. (£). 1918... aoe oh nis aed 11,337 1914... Sk oes sti ses 10,466 1915... tie a ang Ag 14,987 1916... te a ibe ae 19,285 1917... ed a ee A 25 ,252 1918 ... ies es Na ests 26,311 1919... oe oe she ace 22,055 * No figures are available showing tonnage or destination of exports. It appears, however, that the exports went chiefly to the United States (see imports into the United States fiom the United Kingdom, p. 16). Union of South Africa.* The most important of the known occurrences of fluorspar in South Africa are situated to the south-east of Ottoshoop, in the Zeerust district of the Transvaal. These are of great purity, and two of the deposits, which occur in the dolomite of the Transvaal system, are being worked on a small scale. The out- put from one of these localities goes to a large firm of manu- facturing chemists, while that of the other is used by the Union Steel Corporation at Vereeniging in their open-hearth furnaces. On the Waterberg tinfields, fluorspar is widely distributed in association with the tin deposits in the red granite. The mineral has also been found in fairly considerable quantities in the mines on the Olifants River tinfields, where it varies greatly in colour, ranging from deep bluish-violet to colourless. The chief consumers are the Witwatersrand gold mines and the Union Steel Corporation, but their total requirements are only about eight tons per month. The selling price appears to be about £4 per ton for “* limp-spar,’’ and £6 10s. per ton for the ground product. The demand will no doubt increase very considerably with the expansion of the iron and steel industry, and for such purposes as glazing and enamelling of pottery, etc. There was no production of fluorspar in South Africa until 1918, when the output was valued at £360, with some optical fluorspar, valued at £20. Canada. t Fluorspar occurs in considerable quantity in various parts of the Dominion, but has been worked only at Madoc, in Ontario, and, quite recently, in the Yale district of British Columbia. * Annual Reports of the Government Mining Engineer, Union of South Africa. The South African Journal of Industries, December, 1918. + Annual Reports on the Mineral Production of Canada. ll Ontario.—In Ontario, the active demand brought about by the war, and the need for fluorspar as a flux in steel-making led to the opening of a number of deposits in the neighbourhood of Madoc, in Hastings county, in an effort to meet the demand. The value of fluorspar had risen from 16s. 8d.—20s. 10d. to 62s. 6d.—125s. per ton, according to grade. For these: reasons prospecting was active, and in 1918 the mineral was found on the Schickler farm, near the village of Harcourt, in Cardiff town- ship, Haliburton county. The vein is of good width, the fluorspar, which is violet-blue, being associated with calcite and apatite. In the Madoc and Huntingdon area ten concessions have been worked, on which veins occur varying in width from about 12 inches to 12 feet. There appear to be deposits of considerable promise in this area, which is well provided with transport facilities. In the Matachewan gold area, fluorspar occurs in veins in the syenite which intrudes into the Keewatin Series, and in which several gold-bearing veins have been found. The mineral is frequently associated with barytes. The deposits found in the quartz veins in Cairo and Alma townships within this area appear to be small and of little importance. The mineral is of a deep purple colour, and occurs in small masses. Fluorspar is present also in the Biederman barytes vein. British Columbia.—In this province fluorspar has been obtained from the Rock Candy group on Kennedy Creek, Kettle River, Yale, in the Grand Forks Division. This property com- menced production in 1918, and is being equipped to make regular shipments. The output has been shipped to the Trail smelter, where it is employed in the manufacture of hydro- fluoric acid, used in the lead-refinery. There does not appear to have been any production of fluor- spar in British Columbia prior to 1918, but during that year 152 tons were produced, of which 89 tons came from the Rock Candy group. In 1919 the production amounted to 580 tons. Apart from the output in British Columbia during 1918 and 1919, the whole of the Canadian production shown in the following table was obtained in Ontario. Production of Fluorspar in Canada. Quantity Value* Year. (long tons). (£). 1916... os i 1,146 2,133 1917 ass oss 03 3,794 14,324 1918... ag vie 6.573 32,506 1919... as 2 4,521 20,383 * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. 12 Imports of Hydrofluosilicic Acid into Canada. Quantity Value* Year. (long tons). (£). 1913... a ve 528 9,691 oe ee 618 8,662 T9165) vee des oe 499 7,518 EOUO c, dag! “Shae 400 5,961 1917... a hs 0-2 20 1918... eae ar 0-4 17 1919... els a * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. Australia.* Fluorspar has been found in many parts of the Common- wealth, but production has been largely confined to New South Wales, where there are extensive deposits. In the neighbour- hood of ‘‘ The Gulf,” in the Emmaville Division, fluorspar occurs associated with wolfram and copper ore. The fluorspar is usually free from impurities, and though frequently associated with wolfram, it is not to any considerable extent mixed with this mineral. No information is available as to the extent of the deposit, which is so situated as to necessitate expensive cartage for a distance of 30 miles or more, to the nearest railway station at Deepwater,so that at present it can be profitably exploited only for purposes in which great purity is essential. An enamelling industry has been started in Sydney, and a quantity of the material mined for that purpose. The principal sources of output during the period under review have been Woolgarlo, in the Yass Division, and Carboona, in the Tumbarumba Division. A large proportion of the fluorspar produced in these localities has been used as a flux at the Broken Hill Proprietary Company’s steel works at Newcastle. In Queensland, fluorspar occurs in many of the mines in the wolfram, molybdenite and bismuth area of Bamford and in the north, particularly in the vugs cementing quartz and various sulphides as at the Northern United mines. Among the sulphides with which it is associated are those of iron, copper, zinc and lead, while in many of the smaller vugs molybdenite and kaolin occur. The colour of the fluorspar varies, being white, purple- tinted, light emerald-green, amethystine, or light blue. Fine crystals, from 2 to 3 in. square, have been found deposited on quartz crystals at the Rose of Denmark and the Rollinson mines. The mineral occurs also in the form of veins in the granite at the Petford Spring mine, 4 miles south-south-east of Bamford Hill. Some small parcels have been obtained in this area. * Ann. Rept. Dept. Mines N.S. Wales: Ann. Rept. Sec. Mines, Victoria Ann. Rept. Under Sec. Mines, Queensland; Geol. Surv. of Queensland, Publication No. 248, pp. 22 and 29. 13 In Victoria, fluorspar is reported to occur at Beechworth and Woolshed. In this State the output amounted to 100 tons in. 1918 and 314 tons in 1919. Production of Fluorspar in Australia. Quantity Value Year. (long tons). (£). 1915 aes aa sate 417 990 WIG... ~ ee 1,379 4,305 LOT Geass ie wie 1,376 3,400 1918... 3 i 2,378 8,243 1919... as 2,328 7,454* * Value of 2,014 tons only. This produttion was wholly from New South Wales, excepting an output of 71 tons from Queensland in 1917, and outputs of 100 tons and 314 tons from Victoria in 1918 and 1919 respectively. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Foreign countries producing fluorspar include the United States, Germany, Spain and Italy. The mineral occurs also in the Haute-Loire district of France, in the neighbourhood of Langeac, Paulhaguet, and Brioude, associated with barytes, and a vein has been discovered at Vaux- Renard, in the Rhone district. Early in 1919 it was reported that a large deposit of fluorspar had been found in a disused lead mine near Sembrancher in Valais, Switzerland. Fluorspar has hitherto been imported into Switzerland, chiefly from Silesia. In Italy the production of the mineral has been small, the whole output coming from the Brescia district, Province of Lombardy. The Spanish deposits of fluorspar occur in the Province of Guipuzcoa, the whole production being at present obtained from the Saint Maximilian mine, where the mineral is associated with lead and silver. Prior to the war Austria-Hungary produced from 6,000 to 8,000 tons of fluorspar per annum, and France had an output of about 10,000 tons per annum, but no statistics are available showing the output of either country for the period under review. In 1915 and 1916 a small production of fluorspar was reported in Norway. Germany. ‘The production of fluorspar in Germany has been chiefly obtained in the South Harz district, the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria, the Black Forest, and the Thuringian Forest. 14 In the South Harz district, the chief mine is situated near . Stolberg, where fluorspar occurs as thick veins containing very small amounts of copper pyrites, galena, barytes, siderite, quartz and other minerals. There is a considerable production of fluor- spar in this district, but the output appears to be consumed locally, for the most part in iron-smelting, and to a smaller extent in copper-smelting, although formerly the fluorspar was mostly used in smelting Mansfield copper-ores. No statistics are available showing output during the period under review. The output of fluorspar in Saxony during 1910 was about the same as that in Bavaria. In the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria, occurrences of fluorspar are worked at various localities, notably near Wolsendorf, between Nabburg and Schwarzenfeld. In the Black Forest of Baden, and in the Thuringian Forest, fluorspar occurs abundantly in association with barytes. This is notably the case in the barytes mines of Herges-Voigtei, in the Thuringian Forest, where the fluorspar is on the whole the later mineral occupying the middle of the vein, though the two minerals are also freely intermixed. During the period 1902-1910 the annual exports of fluorspar from Germany averaged about 15,000 tons. The production figures were probably more than twice this amount. Production of Fluorspar in Bavaria and Saxony. Bavaria. Saxony.* Quantity Quantity Year. (long tons). (long tons). 1918 fe sds Hs 3,389 1914 en 2 a 3,670 3,728 1915 one ses oat 1,476 2,996 1916 bas — 6p 4,132 2,719 1917 oa oe sa 6,366 1,388 1918 oe ses i 5,914 2,295 1919 es are inf 6,295 2,859 * Including barytes. United States.* Fluorspar is very widely distributed throughout the United States. The deposits hitherto exploited are situated in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Tennessee, Utah and Washington. The increased demand for fluorspar during the war, the great rise in prices, and the placing of an embargo upon the imported * Mineral Resources of the United States. United States Geol. Surv. (Annual). Mineral Industry, Vol. XXVII., 1918. United States Geol. Surv., Bull. 666-CC., 1917. 15 mineral gave a great stimulus to production, and the output for 1918 showed an increase of 16°1 per cent. as compared with that for the preceding year. About YO per cent. of the fluorspar mined in the United States comes from the Kentucky-Illinois field. The Illinois production has come chiefly from Harding county, that from Kentucky being derived from the counties of Crittenden, Caldwell and Livingston. Since the Armistice little work has been done on these deposits, and 75 per cent. of the mines have been closed down. In Arizona, fluorspar has been produced chiefly in the Castle Dome district, Yuma county, and in Colorado from deposits in Boulder, Jefferson and Custer counties, along the Front Range, and in Mineral county at Wagon Wheel Gap. In New Hampshire, fluorspar deposits have been developed at Westmoreland, in Cheshire county, also in New Mexico, near Deming, Luna county, and in the Burro Mountain district, Grant county. Fluorspar is marketed in the United States in three grades, the highest being ‘‘ American No. 1 Lump,’’ which contains less than 1 per cent. silica, and is white or clear pale blue or green. This rock is sold either ground or in lump, for use in the glass, enamelling and chemical industries, the last including the manu- facture of hydrofluoric acid. The second grade, ‘‘ American No. 2 Lump,”’ is used in blast-furnaces in the production of ferro-silicon and ferro-manganese, and in basic open-hearth steel furnaces. This grade includes coloured spar, and contains about 3 per cent. and not more than 4 per cent: silica. The third grade, known as ‘‘ gravel-spar,’’ includes all fluorspar that contains more than 4 per cent. silica, or is mixed with calcite ; this is largely used in the basic open-hearth steel furnaces. It is estimated that about 80 per cent. of the domestic output of fluorspar is used as a flux. The following table shows the quantity and value of fluorspar sold in 1918 by the respective producing States :— Quantity Value* (long tons). (£). Arizona ee Me 325 1,154 Colorado si se 34,352 86,829 Tllinois ee re 118,570 601,479 Kentucky wie = 78,218 431,080 New Mexico ... se 3,069 13,406 Other States ... nt 1,017 4,694 Total ... ei 935 551 1,138,642 = Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. 16 Sales, Imports and Consumption of Fluorspar in the United States.* Sales of Imports Apparent Year, | Domestic) Valuet | for Com-! Valuet Com- Valuet ; Spar (£). sumption (£). sumption £. (long tons). (long tons). (long tons). 1913... 103,196 | 153,393 20,252 14,888 123,448 168,281 1914 =... 84,925 | 118,759 9,112 8,113 94,037 126,872 1915. 2s: 122,269 | 159,266 6,399 4,766 128,668 164,032 1916... 139,149 | 192,220 11,003 11,250 150,052 ; 203,470 1917... 195,382 | 476,609 12,157 23,875 | 207,539 | 500,483 1918 ...| 235,551 | 1,138,642 11,225 35,284 | 246,776 | 1,173,926 1919 ... | 108,929 | 646,250 6,199 22,423 115,128 | 668,673 * No exports of fluorspar have been reported ; practically the whole of the imports are from the United Kingdom. ft Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. Imports of Fluorspar into United States Fiscal years ending June 30. (long tons). From 1914, 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. United Kingdom ... | 13,491 6,834 8,304 | 11,456 | 10,791 _— Canada ; ai _— — — 552 144 —_— Germany... ne 164 113 — _ — _ 13,655 6,947 8,304 | 12,008 | 10,935 | 10,367 REFERENCES TO TECHNICAL LITERATURE. GENERAL. The Mineral Industry (Annual). Valuation of fluorspar, by E. Bidtel; Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1914, 6, 265. Use of fluorspar in the electric smelting of ore, by R. M. Keeney; Min. Sci. Press, 1914, 109, 335-336. Fluorite in smelting, by H. Lang; Min. Sci. Press, 1914, 108, 492. Fluorspar in glass, with calculations for its use, by L. Springer ; Sprechsaal, 1914, 47, 4-5, 20-21. Action of fluorspar on open-hearth slags, by W. S. Hamilton; Met. Chem. Eng., 1915, 13, 8. Fluorspar, by P. A. Wagner; 8. Afr. Journ. Ind., 1918, 1, No. 16, 1516-1520. Ersparung von Ferro-mangan durch Flussspat im Martinwerk, von E. Goldmann; Stahl u. Eisen, 1919, 39, No. 46, 1385-1386. Effect of fluorspar additions on the phosphates of basic slag, by F. Bain- bridge; Iron and Steel Inst., Carnegie Scholarship Memoirs, 1920, 10, 1-40. Will sodium fluoride come into general use for preserving wood? by G. M. Hunt; Chem. Met. Eng., 1920, 23, 1123-1124. > 17 BRITISH EMPIRE. United Kincpom. Special reports on the mineral resources of Great Britain, Vol. 4. Fluor- spar, by R. G. Carruthers, R. W. Pocock, D. A. Wray and others; Mem. Geol. Surv., 1916, 38 pp. Lead mines in Weardale, County Durham, worked by the Weardale Lead Company, Ltd., by H. Louis; Mining Mag., 1917, 16, 15-25, and letter by W. H. Goodchild ; 152-153. Occurrence of fluorspar near Wirksworth in Derbyshire; Nature, 1920, 106, 512. CANADA. Report on the mineral production of Canada, Canada Mines Branch (Annual), Report of the Ontario Bureau of Mines (Annual). Economic minerals and mining industries of Canada; Mines Branch, Canada, No. 322, 1914, p. 42. Report on the non-metallic minerals used in the Canadian manufacturing industries, by H. Fréchette; Mines Branch, Canada, No. 305, 1914, pp. 41-43. The Pre-Cambrian geology of south-eastern Ontario, by W. G. Miller and C. W. Knight; Rept. Ont. Bur. Mines, 1914, 22, Pt. 2, 105. Lead and zine deposits in Ontario and in Eastern Canada; origin of the ete a See enon veins, by W. L. Uglow; Rept. Ont. Bur. Mines, 1916, 25, Pt. 36-42, Geology of Matachewan a Northern Ontario, by H. C. Cooke; Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem. 115, 1919, p. 41. Investigation of a reported occurrence of fluorite near Birch Island, North Thompson river, B.C., hy R. P. D. Graham; Final Rept. Munition Resources Commission, Canada, 1920, pp. 49-52. Inpia. Quinquennial review of the mineral production of India, by T. H. Holland and L, L. Fermor; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 1915, 46, 267. AUSTRALASIA. Annual Report of the Department of Mines, New South Wales, 1915-1919. Occurrence of pure fluorspar in New South Wales, by G. Smith; Ann. Rept. Dept. Mines, N.S.W. for 1918, p. 76. Baten River fluorspar; Ann. Rept. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Branch, 1917, p. 16. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. EUROPE. Mitteilungen iiber neu-erschlossene Erzvorkommen in den Alpenlandern, by M. von Isser; Bergbau u. Hiitte, 1919, 15 March, pp. 91-98. Uber den Flussspat vom Wélsenberg, von Heinrich; Zeits. angew. Chemie.. 1920, 20 Jan., pp. 20-22. Fluorspar industry active in Germany; Commerce Repts., 1921, No. 33, . 788. Tikgivisticn Minera de Espafia, Madrid (Annual). UNITED STATEs. The mineral resources of the United States (Annuai). Our mineral reserves, by G. O. Smith; U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 599, 1914, p. 42. The fluorspar market and the local supply, by A. L. Sweetser; Eng. Min. Journ., 1918, 106, 1031-1032. Fluorspar, by E. F. Burchard; U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 666, 1919, pp. 175-182 and bibliography. 18 The fluorspar mine in Colorado, by H. Lunt; Min. Sci. Press, 1915, Dec. 18, pp. 925-926. : Boulder County fluorspar, by G. Gillingham Hibbs; Eng. Min. Journ . 1920, 109, 494-495. , History and present methods of fluorspar mining in Illinois, by Cc. C. Luedeking; Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1916, June, pp. 554-555. Optical fluorite in southern Illinois, by J. E. Pogue; Illinois Geol. Surv., Bull. 38, 1918, 6 pp. Fluorspar in Kentucky and Illinois, by A. H. Reed; Eng. Min. Journ., 1914, 97, 164-165. Fluorspar in the Ordovician limestone of Wisconsin, by R. M. Bagg; Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 1918, 29, No. 3, 393-397. The following publications of the Imperial Mineral Resources Bureau can be purchased through any bookseller or directly from H.M. Stationery Office at the following addresses :—Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 28, Abingdon Street, London, 8.W.1; 37, Peter Strest, ‘Manchester ; 1, St. Andrew’s. Crescent, Cardiff ; 28, Forth Street, Edinburgh ; or from Messrs. E. Ponsonby, Titd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. ~ (All prices are net,.and tne in parentheses include postage. 8 Repowrs ON THE MINERAL InpustRY OF ‘THE Brriisa EMPIRE AND FOREIGN CouNTRIES. (1913-1919. ) Aluminium and Bauxite ...... Price 9d. (103d) “Antimony... he a me ye ee ee a, Arsenic a ae Bee Be yy 6d. (7d.) Asbestos Gia te fe or” gp «58 Od. is. 1) Bismuth ay ~—s Gd. (Td) SE Borates ~~ ew , Sd. ORY Chrome Ore and riian & ate oh HE 1, Th) Cobalt ee om eee | Tg CORR Felspar nde, “teas, — csos [Ee 6d. (7d.) Fuller’s arth. ey ey Sime age 6s 6d. (7d.) _ | - Magnesite... sie Sas a. gp le Od., Cle. 44d) . Manganese Didi + nite 5, 388. 6d, (88. 83d.). Monazite e ae 6d. (Td.): Nitrates . po wo a hye 9d. (103d.) Zinc bata? cee ves ae gy) BS. Bd. (88. Bd.) . Pangetet “lige: yer | ant vm. gy Js. Od. Ge. Ted.5 Coal, Part Bore en. la os og O80 BH 4B, aid.) Phosphates ee Gade OF (in the press) Tale os fg gy 2 Mica ee ewe ee SE Ge on DD Coal, Part I. shi aos. ee Fe ee es, Barium Minerals... op OP Pe a ee Tron Ore Resources of the Wond, He 68 : * Pats 1, 1, atid IU. ... % (a. g. 3 _ Statistical, ‘Summary, 1918-1920 . Dawe TES ate Ses oO Iron Pyrites and Sulphur... ves C fe.)