btplbnke Y a erro eee eee ~ Peiaratecmeseerentel a rear tes i CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ITHACA, N. Y. 14853 JOHN M. OLIN LIBRARY rl “Thatta N | I | oli PAT ins |. GAZETTEER —OFr— GRAFTON COUNTY, N. H. 1709==1886. ' COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY HAMILTON CHILD, AUTHOR OF WAYNE, ONTARIO, SENECA, CAYUGA, TOMPKINS, ONONDAGA, MADI- SON, CORTLAND, CHEMUNG, SCHUYLER, STEUBEN, ORLEANS, HERKIMER, CHENANGO, NIAGARA, ONEIDA, MONROE, GENESEE, SARATOGA, MONT- GOMERY AND FULTON, ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY, RENSSELAER, WASHINGTON, WYOMING, LEWIS, COLUMBIA, SULLIVAN, SCHO- ‘ HARIE, OTSEGO, ULSTER, CHAUTAUQUA, ST. LAWRENCE, BROOME AND TIOGA, CATARAUGUS, ALLEGANY AND OTHER COUNTY DIRECTORIES IN NEW YORK STATE, AND ERIE AND CRAWFORD COUNTIES, THE BRADFORD OIL DIS- TRICT IN PENNSYLVANIA, BENNINGTON, RUT- LAND, ADDISON, CHITTENDEN, FRANKLIN AND GRAND ISLE, LAMOILLE AND ORLEANS WINDSOR AND WINDHAM COUNTIES IN VERMONT, BERKSHIRE CO., MASS. CHESHIRE COUNTY, N. H. PERMANENT OFFICE, - SYRACUSE, N. Y. ESTABLISHED 1866, ‘He that hath much to do, will do something wrong, and of that wrong must suffer the con- sequence ; and if it were possible that he should always act rightly, yet when such numbers are to judge of his conduct, the bad will censure and obstruct him by malevolence, and the good sometimes by mistake.”—SamvEL JOHNSON. : a SYRACUSE, N. Y.: Tue SyRACUSE JouRNAL CoMPANY, PRINTERS AND BINDERS. June, 1886, Ku Olin a Gt C53 SAEDF RZ, Almanac or Calendar for 20 Years. E Dj ¢ [BA] @ TF DC] B | A| G 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 | 1881 a | 1883 FE | D Cc B AG | F E ! D Bi A 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 | 18gt | 1892 | 1893 a srs 22 22:29 Sun. | Sat. |Frid’y.|Thurs.| Wed. | Tues. | Mon. 2 “916.2330 ‘Mon, Sun. | Sat. Frid’y.| Thurs. | Wed. | Tues. ae 172431 Tues. | Mon. | Sun. |: Sat. | Frid’y. Thurs. Wed. 4m oes Wed. | Tues. | Mon. | Sun. | Sat. d Frid’y. | Thurs. he 1926. Thurs. Wed. | Tues. | Mon. Sin, Sat. | Frid’y. “6132027 ey Frid’y: Thurs.}| Wed. | Tues. | Mon. | Sun. | Sat. ace Sat. | Frid’y.| Thurs. Wed. Tues. | Mon. Sun. ee ee) Gee 7 May. B C D E | F G A Met | C | Dp’) 2 | | @ | «oR Feb, March oe |e lee) ale |e ae oie | €) #£ i! ele | op ee Blog| Ja it) Bae Wel ca ce ae ae ee ’ ExPLaNATION.—Find the Year and observe the Letter above it; then look for the Month, and jin aline with it find the Letter of the Year; above the Letter find the Day and the figures on the left, in the same line, are the days of the same name in the month. Leap Years have two letters; the first is used till the end of February, the second during the remainder of the year. A. H.W. * INTRODUCTION. In presenting to the public the “Gazetteer and Business Directory” of Graf. ton County, we desire to return our sincere thanks to all who have kindly aided in obtaining the information it contains, and rendered it possible to present it in the brief space of time in which it is essential such works should be completed. Especially are our thanks due to the editors and managers of the county papers for the uniform kindness they have evinced in calling public attention to our efforts, and for essential aid in furnishing material -for the work. We have also found valuable aid in the following: “History of Cods Country,” by Rev. Grant Powers ; ‘‘History of Warren,” by William Lit- ‘tle ; “History of Bethlehem,” by Simon Bolles ; “History of Charleston,” by Rev. Henry H. Saunderson; “History of Northfield, Mass.,” by J. H. Temple and George Sheldon ; “Granite Monthly ;” “Belknap’s New Hamp- shire ;” “Gazetteer of New Hampshire.” by John Farmer and Jacob B. Moore ; “Gazetteer of New Hampshire,” by Alonzo J. Fogg ; “New Hamp- shire Churches,” by Robert F. Lawrence; “State Adjutant General’s Re- ports ;” “State Superintendent of Instruction’s Report” ; ‘“New Hampshire State Atlas,” by Comstock & Cline ; “New Hampshire As It Is,” by Edwin A. Charleton ; “History of New England,’ by Rev. Henry White ; “Hall's Eastern Vermont,” and in the various pamphlets and reports of a number of societies, institutions, corporations and towns. Our thanks are also due to the clergy throughout the county, and to Prof. Charles H. Hitchcock, of Dartmouth college ; Hon. Frederick Chase, of Hanover; A. S. Batchellor, Esq. and James R. Jackson, of Littleton; W. F. Flint, B. S., of Winchester, N. H.; Hon. J. E. Sargent, of Concord ; Samuel Emery, of Lisbon; Mark- infield Addey, of Bethlehem and New York ; William A. Wallace, of Canaan ; Rev. Gharles A. Downs, of Lebanon; Rev. J. Q. Bittenger, George W. Chapmai, W. F. Westgate, of Haverhill; Col. Thomas P, Cheney, of Ash- land ; Ira. F. Chase, of Bristol; Harry M. Morse, of Lisbon; Dr. C. F. Kingsbury, and Rev. E. P. Butler, of Lyme ; and to many others in and out of the county, who have rendered valuable aid. That errors have occurred in so great a number of names, dates and state- ments, is probable, and that names have been omitted which should have- 4 INTRODUCTION. been inserted, 1s quite certain. We can only say that we have exercised more than ordinary diligence and care in this difficult and ‘complicated feature of book-making. Of such as feel agrieved in consequence of errors or omis- sions, we beg pardon, and ask the indulgence of the reader in noting such as have been observed in the subsequent reading of the proofs, and which are found corrected in the Zrrata at the close of this volume. It was designed to give a brief account of all the churches and other soci- eties in the county, but owing in some cases to the negligence of those who, were able to give the necessary information, and in others to the inability of any one to do so, we have been obliged to omit special notices of a few. We would suggest that our patrons observe and become familiar with the explanations at the commencement of the directory, on page 3, part 2d. The names it embraces, and the information connected therewith, were obtained. by actual canvass, and are as correct and reliable as the judgment of those from whom they were solicited renders possible. Each agent is furnished with a map of the town he is expected to canvass, and he is required to pass over every road aad call at every dwelling and place of business in the town. in order to obtain the facts from the individuals concerned whenever possible. The margins have been left broad to enable any one to note changes op- posite the names. The advertisers in “part second,” we most cheerfully commend to the pat- ronage of those under whose observation these pages may come. The map inside the back cover will be found, in connection with the direc- tory, very valuable. We take this occasion to express the hope that the information found in the book will not prove devoid of interest and value, though we are fully con- scious that the brief description of the county the scope of the work enables. us to give, is by no means an exhaustive one, and can only hope that it may prove an aid to future historians, who will be better able to do full justice to the subject. While thanking our patrons and friends generally, for the cordiality with which our efforts have been seconded, we leave the work to secure th¢t favor which earnest endeavor ever wins from a discriminating public, hoping they will bear in mind, should errors be noted, that “he who expects 2 perfect work to see, expects what ne’er was, is, nor yet shall be.” HAMILTON CHILD. CAZEVIEER oF GRAFTON COUNTY, N. H. “Thou shalt look Upon the green and rolling forest tops, And down upon the secrets of the glens And streams, that with their bodering thickets strive To hide their windings. Thou shalt gaze at once Here on white villages and tilth and herds, And swarming roads, and there on solitudes, That only hear the torrent and the wind, And eagle’s shriek.” —BrYANT. ROM the foot-hills and mountains of Northern New Hampshire, wind- ing amid a panorama of surpassing loveliness and fertility, across ‘ Massachusetts and Connecticut, to mingle its waters with the saline floods of Long Island Sound, rolls “America’s Nile”—the grand old Con- necticut. For nearly sixty miles along its eastern shore extends the territory of Grafton county, with Coés upon the north and Sullivan upon the south. It is a region of mountain and valley, of lake and stream, of sublime soli- tudes and Athenian culture, of woodland, farm and field. Its attractiveness is world renowned, and from the four winds gather thousands, season by sea- son, to pay a just homage to its sublime beauty, its gentle loveliness, and its salubrious climate. Extending far into its northern limits lies the famous White Mountain region, while in its southern and central parts, and all along the Connecticut, are a thousand scenes of storied or of unsung loveliness. Such is the background of the picture our work would paint—the scene of the historic incidents it would relate. That the stranger may more readily grasp its history, let us glance briefly at the history of its parent—the Granite State. In ..1623 the English colonists, Capt. John Mason and Sir Ferdinando i* t 6 GRAFTON COUNTY. Gorges, jointly held a grant of land extending from the Merrimac to the Ken- nebec rivers, and, during the following year, the first settlements were com- menced thereon, at Portsmouth and Dover. November 7, 1629, the grant was divided, and a separate grant made to Mason of that region west of the Piscatauqua river, under the name of New Hampshire, while Gorges held the portion east thereof, which was given the name of Maine. In 1641 Massa- chusetts extended her jurisdiction over New Hampshire, and maintained her authority here untll 1679, when, the case being brought before the highest: court of appeal in England on Colonial matters, it was decided that the claim of Massachusetts was illegal, and New Hampshire was thereupon constituted a separate Province. In 1686, the charter’ of Massachusetts having been annulled, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts and Narragansett were united in one Royal Province under President Dudley, and afterwards under Governor Andros. In 1689, upon newsof the English Revolution, the gov- ernment of Andros was overthrown, and Massachusetts resumed under the old charter. Some of the colony petitioning Massachusetts to be received under control and protection till orders should come from England, Massa- chusetts assented, and exercised a merely nominal authority over it. In 1692 the Province of New Hampshire was re-established by the English Govern- ment, and ever after remained separate from its neighbor, finally becoming one of the original thirteen States of the Union. : The Province was originally divided into five counties, of which Grafton, known as “The Fifth,” was established by an act of the Colonial legislature: passed March 19, 1771, in which it was made to contain “all the lands in the: Province not comprehended in the other counties,” viz.: Hillsborough, Rockingham, Cheshire and Strafford, its name being given in honor of Au- gustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. This act erected into a county an immense tract of land, extending south from what is now the Canada line for a distance of nearly 150 miles. But this large territory it was not destined to- retain. The curtailment began as early as November 27, 1800, when the township of Burton, whose name was subsequently changed to Albany, was set off from Grafton and annexed to Strafford county. Three years later,. December 24, 1803, the whole of the northern half of Grafton county was set. off to form the new county of Cods, and finally, June 18, 1805, the area was. still further reduced by the annexation of the whole of a tract known as “Nash and Sawyer’s Location” to Cods county. After all these reductions, | by an act of the legislature passed January 2, 1829, the boundaries of the county were fixed as follows, from which there has been made no material change:— : “Beginning on the westerly bank of Connecticut river at the southwesterly corner of Dalton; thence on the westerly and southerly line of Dalton to- Whitefield; thence on the westerly and southerly line of Whitefield to Bret- ton Woods [Carroll]; thence on the westerly and southerly lines of Bretton Woods and of Nash and Sawyer’s Location to the southeasterly corner thereof; thence southerly on a straight line across the unlocated lands to the line of BOUNDARIES, ; 7 the county of Strafford at the northwesterly corner of Burton [Albany] ; thence southerly and westerly by the line of the county of Strafford to the southwest corner of Holderness, at the Pemigewassett or Merrimack river ; thence down said river to the north line of Franklin ; thence westerly on the northerly lines of Franklin, Andover, Wilmot, Springfield, Grantham and Plainfield to the southwest corner of Lebanon, ‘on the west bank of Connec- ticut river ; and thence northerly on said bank to the bound first mentioned.” This places the county’s 1,463 square miles of territory between 43° 27' and 44° 22' north latitude and between 71° 20’ and 72° 20’ longitude west from Greenwich, bounded north by Cods county, east by Coés, Carroll and Belknap counties, south by Merrimack and Sullivan counties, and west by the west bank of the Connecticut river, its greatest length being fifty-eight miles and its greatest breadth thirty miles. It is divided into thirty-nine towns, twenty-nine of which were granted under King George III.—eleven in the second year of his unfortunate reign, in 1761—-and ten under the State government, viz.: Alexandria, Ashland, Bath, Benton, Bethlehem, Bridgewater, Bristol, Campton, Canaan, Dorchester, Easton, Ellsworth, En- field, Franconia, Grafton, Groton, Hanover, Haverhill, Hebron, Holderness, Landaff, Lebanon, Lincoln, Lisbon, Littleton, Livermore, Lyman, Lyme, Monroe, Orange, Orford, Piermont, Plymouth, Rumney, Thornton, Warren, Waterville, Wentworth and Woodstock. - The surface of Grafton’s territory, though greatly diversified and present- ing all shades of scenery from soft luxuriousness to Alpine grandeur, still affords large areas of arable, productive land. In the northern section are mountains belonging to the White Mountain range, Franconia mountains and Carrigain mountain; a little to the southwest, in Benton, is Moosilauke, tower- ing to an altitude of 4,811 feet, affording one of the finest prospects in the county, while at the east and southeast is a part of the Whiteface, in Water- ville, and the Campton mountains, in Campton and vicinity. The southern section, though rough and broken, partakes more of a hilly than a moun- tainous character. There are also several picturesque lakes scattered over the surface of the territory, while it is abundantly watered by several river systems. In the western section it is watered by the Connecticut and its tributaries, the largest of which are the Lower and Wild Ammonoosuc rivers, in the northern part, and Mascoma in the southern section. The Pemige- wassett and its branches water the central portion. The principal bodies of water are part of Squam lake, in the southeastern section, Newfound lake in the southern, and Mascoma in the southwestern portion. To be more definite in the description of these lakes and streams,— The Lower Ammonoosuc has its source on the western side of the White Mountains; thence passing west through the southern portion of Carroll and northern part of Bethlehem to Littleton ; thence in a southerly direction, through the easterly part of Littleton, the westerly part of Lisbon, diagonally through Bath, and joining the Connecticut near the westerly corner of Haverhill, A considerable stream coming from Lincoln and Franconia passes in a north- 8 _GRAFTON COUNTY. westerly direction and joins the Ammonoosuc in Lisbon. Two miles from its mouth it receives the Wild Ammonoosuc, coming from the northerly part of Benton through Landaff. The Lower Ammonoosucis noted for its romantic falls in the vicinity of the White Mountains. It is said to be the wildest and most rapid stream in New Hampshire, having a fall of 5,009 feet in its mean- dering course of about fifty miles. It drains a surface of over 220,000 acres, or 344 square mile of territory. Baker’s river is formed by two branches uniting in Wentworth. The north branch has its source near Moosilauke mountain, in Benton, whence it flows, in a southerly course, through Warren, to Wentworth, receiving in its passage a considerable stream issuing from Baker’s Upper pond, in the east- ern part of Orford. The south branch rises in Orange, thence flowing north through the easterly part of Dorchester, and uniting with the north branch at the easterly part of Wentworth ; thence it pursues a southeast and easterly course, through the southerly part of Rumney and northerly part of Plymouth, where it forms a junction with the Pemigewasset, just above Plymouth village. It drains.a part or the whole of twelve towns, comprising an area of about 150,000 acres, and has an improved horse water-power of about 1,250. The Mascomy, or Mascoma, river has its rise in Dorchester, and thence flowing southerly through Canaan, it falls into the Mascoma lake, in Enfield; thence it runs a westerly course through Lebanon, dropping into the Con- necticut opposite Hartford, Vt. The water-power is valuable on the stream: before it reaches the lake, which has been dammed so as to make it a fine reservoir for the manufactories along the river from its outlet. In its course of about twenty-five miles, the river has a fall of over 600 feet and waters a territory of over 100,000 acres, The Pemigewasset has its source in the White and Franconia mountains, and passes through, or borders the towns of Lincoln, Woodstock, Thornton, Campton, Plymouth, Holderness, Ashland Bridgewater and Bristol, this county, in its course to Franklin, where it unites with the Winnipiseogee river to form the Merrimack. Its most important tributaries are Baker’s, Mad, New- found, Squam, and Smith’s rivers. It drains the whole or part of thirty-three towns, covering on area of over 632,000 acres, or nearly 1,000 square miles. Squam lake, the largest body of water, borders on the counties of Grafton, Belknap and Carroll ; and on the towns of Holderness, Sandwich, Moulton- borough and Center Harbor. It is about six miles long, and, in its widest part, three miles in width. It is a splendid sheet of water, studded with a succession of romantic islands. Its outlet is Squam river, which falls into the Pemigewasset, in Ashland. Newfound lake is pleasantly located in the towns of Bridgewater, Bristol and Hebron. It is about seven miles long and three wide, and empties into the Pemigewasset, at Bristol, by Newfound river. Mascomy, or Mascoma, lake is a handsome sheet of water lying in En- field. It is about four miles in length and a mile in width. The other streams, GEOLOGICAL. 9 lakes and ponds of the county will be noticed in connection with the sketches of the towns wherein they are located. GEOLOGICAL.* Topography.—The foundation for correct knowledge of the geology of any district is to be gained by a study of its elevations and depressions, or its to- pography. Two well-defined depressions call for notice—first, the valley of the Connecticut, and second, the valley of the Pemigewasset. The first consti- tutes the western boundary of the county. Connecticut river enters Little- ton at an altitude of 750 feet above the level of the sea. It falls 290 feet | before reaching the mouth of the Passumpsic river, a distance of nine miles, From here to the southwest corner of Lebanon the fall is 140 feet, reaching to 320 feet above the sea. Excluding the falls at the upper part of the course, the descent is at the rate of two feet and a trifle more, per mile. The lowest part of the Pemigewasset river, in Ashland, is about 456 feet above the sea. It rises to nearly 2,000 feet at the Profile House, in the Franconia Notch, with very high mountains upon either side. The descent thence northerly is to the Connecticut valley. The Ammonosuc river has cut down as deep as the Connecticut, and hence there is a triangular territory between these two streams, rising to over 2,000 feet for the culminating ridge. As this is noted for its deposits of copper and gold, it has received the name of ““Ammonoosuc mining district.” East of the Pemigewasset the White Mountains show themselves, the higher peaks being as follows :— Feet above sea level. Feet above sea level. “Mt, Lafayette......-. .-. 5,259. Tripyramid........ 4,200 tO 4,000, Twin mountain.......... 5,000. Mt. Osceola,...........-. 4,400. Mt. Lincoln............. 5,100. Sandwich Dome.......... 4,000. Mt. Guyot....... bie eae 4900 Mt. Huntington.......... 3,800 Mt. Bond............26- 4,800 Mt. Hitchcock........... 3,600 Mt. Cartigan.,.........55 4,078 Mt. ‘Garfield.........-.-- 4,500 Mt. Hancock..........-- 4,420 Mt. Liberty.............. 4,500 Mt. Willey...........065 4,330 Mt. Flume..........-... 4,500 Mt. Field.........----+> 4,070 The following are the heights along the watershed of the Connecticut and Merrimack basins, beginning at the south line of the county and proceeding northerly : ‘ Feet above sea level. / Prescott Hill, Grafton...... 1,700 Ford Hill, Grafton......... 1,800 Summit N. R. R., Orange.... 999° Hoyt Hill, Orange......--.- 1,700 Road from Orange to Gro- 1,600 ton, Orange......-- 0+: Feet above sea level. Ridge east of Dorchester, Canaan ......-.4-. a, 124037 Valley, Jowest point, Dor- chester ......-25.ee eee 1,250 Smarts Mountain, Dorchester, 3,200 Gap, Orford ......--.-.++- 1,438 * Prepared by Prof. Charles H. Hitchcock, of Dartmouth College. GRAFTON COUNTY. Io Feet above sea level. Feet above sea level. Mt. Cuba, Orford ......... 2,927 Profile Mountain, Franconia 3,850 Watershed, S. E. of Indian Pond, Orford....... Piermont Mtn., Piermont... 2,500 Road over Ore hill,Warren.. 1,542 Webster Slide Mtn., Warren. 2,210 Oliverian Notch, B.C. &M. R. R., Warren...... Mt. Moosilauke, Benton... 4,811 Notch,, .....ss03%%6:0 0% Mt. Kinsman, Lincoln Franconia Notch, Franconia 2,014 Mt. Lafayette, Franconia... 5,259 Mt. Garfield, Franconia.... 4,500 Gap, 2.2. ccc cece renee 3,000 Twin Mountain .......... 4,920 New Zealand Notch, Liver- MOTE ..oki ncaa wae aes 2,123 Mt. Field, Livermore...... 4)070 White Mountain Notch, near Crawford House........ 1,914 The foundation of this water-shed is supposed to represent the oldest rock of the State, but it does not always appear at the surface. East of the Fran- conic Notch the mountains are mostly eruptive granites. Many of them are conical like the corresponding heaps of igneous debris collected around the vents of volcanoes at the present day. Classification—The following table shows what groups of rocks exist in the county, arranged by age :— Paleozoic. Lozoic. Azoic. Basic. Acidic | | STRATIFIED. Niagara group, upper silurian. Coés group, mica schist and quartzites. Clay slate, cambrian. Kearsarge group and fibrolite mica schist. Auriferous clonglomerate, | Lyman group, Lisbon group, Huronian. Hornblende schist, Montalban, upper Laurentian, Lake group, Bethlehem group, i middle Laurentian. Porphyritic gneiss, lower Laurentian. UNSTRATIFIED, Diabase. Diorite. Gabbro. Porphyry. Granite. Syenite. The Lowest Group.—The oldest rock seen anywhere in the county of State is a very coarse gveiss or granite, The minerals being alike in both these crystalline aggregates, it Is necessary to determine whether they are arranged in parallel lines or are promiscously mixed together, if we would say gneiss or granite. Well-defined ledges of this age are easily recognized because of the GEOLOGICAL, II large quadrangular blotches of light-colored feldspar which thickly pepper the mass and render the surface as conspicuous as the figures of a patch-work bed-quilt. These crystals vary from half of one to three inches in length. ‘Quartz and feldspar are the essential constituents of the rock, while a third mineral is commonly white mca and rarely hornblende or chlorite. Black mica is the most common. Examination with a compound microscope some- ‘times reveals the presence of afavize in fine needles, and long slender hairs of rutile in the quartz. ‘The crystals of fe/dspar are often twined, that is, they have been cut in two along their greater length and one of the halves has been turned half way around. Inasmuch as the crystal is not rectangular, the halves do not match each other, and consquently reflect light differently on -each side of the dividing plane. The rock is ofter said to be porphyritic, because of a general resemblance to porphhyry. A porphyry usually consists of crystals, commonly feldspar, scattered through a fine grained material of the same composition; but our gneiss is composed throughout of crystalline particles. It would, hence, be nearer proper to speak of it as an imitation, false or pseudo-porphyry. A Ger- man name for a part of it is awgen or eye-gneiss, because a superadded group- ing of mica scales causes the white crystals to appear like eyes staring at va- ccancy. If we carefully explore a section of this fundamental rock, we shall be perplexed to separate the granite from the gneiss, the two seeming to be in- terlocked and commingled inextricably. Perhaps the granite may represent the earlier condition, and the. gneiss has been developed from it by pressure. Beds of a dark schist, sometimes carrying /drodite, may be intermingled with the gneiss. Three areas of this ancient rock appearin the county. One is found in Grafton, Orange, Alexandria and Groton, the northern prolongation of the largest area of this rock yet mapped in New England. It is sixty-one miles long, reaching nearly to Massachusetts. The second extends from Ellsworth to Franconia, and is the foundation of the Moosilauke and Francqnia moun- tains. The third is only ten miles in dia eter at Wing Road railroad junc- tion. As arule, there is no inversion of the supposed strata. Sections in Groton, Ellsworth, Franconia and Bethlehem, represent the group as under- lying all the adjacent rocks. Bethlehem gneiss.—The typical localities of this rock are in this county. The best known is an area in Hanover and Lebanon, about ten miles long. The center is a granite protogene, and is used for a bulding material. It is surrounded by a band of coarse mica chlorite schist, which we regard as the upper member of the series, and not to be confounded with an adjoining mica schist of the Coés group. In the Bethlehem area there is a pophyritic ‘gneiss within the protogene and a more schistose variety without it, so that there are four members of the group at the north end of the county. Beds of limestone suitable for the manufacture of lime are found in this group, in Lis- bon, Haverhill and Lyme. Farther east there is a band of ordinary gneiss, stretching through the county from Grafton to Franconia. Its northern bor- 12 GRAFTON COUNTY. der occasionally rises to a considerable height, constituting Moose mountain, in Hanover, Smart’s, in Dorchester, and the foundation of Mt. Cuba, in Orford. The southern part is a valley crowding close to the lower Laurentian, and in it is the magnetic iron veins of Lisbon, (Franconia) ani Landaff. The maxi- mum thickness of this gneiss is 18,000 feet. The suggestion is natural that the protogene is the equivalent of the ordinary gneiss, the mica having been changed into chlorite or a hydrous mica, Another suggestion is that the ovoidal protogenic areas originated in an eruptive granite, operated upon by great pressure so as to induce the quadruple concentric structure described above. Some authors believe thatthe schistose structure is generally occas- ioned by pressure, and that the original rock has had no connection with de- posits of a sedimentary character. Montalban.—The upper Laurentian is an Hapattect gneiss, but shown just east of the county in the White Mountains, and attaining a thickness of 12,000 feet. It may be seen in the Pemigewasset valley. In the New Hampshire report another group of rocks was referred to the age, which is best developed between Plymouth and Grafton. It is a band of hard mica schist interpene- trated by fibers of the mineral fibrolite, and has been filled by large veins of coarse granite, whose mica is mined for use in the arts. These veins also hold large beryls, apatite, albite, tin ore, tourmaline, triplite and other minerals. Huronian.—In the ‘‘ Ammonoosuc mining district ” this system is best de- veloped. The lowest member is thought to be identical with the belt of hornblende schist traceable along the Connecticut river from Lebanon to Orford. At Hanover the formation is not less than 1,000 feet thick, as it underlies Darmouth college, Handsome garnets checker the beds close by the old pine where the college classes sing their parting songs. At Lisbon the lower division is a green chloritic schist alternating with greenish quartzites, diabases and hydro-mica schist. In Lyman the upper members developed consisting mostly of grey argillitic quartzites. Upon Gardner mountain this member changes into the Cornish e//as and is filled with copper and iron pyrites, sufficiently for mining. Above all the others is a thin band of con- glomerate shown by analysis to contain a small amount of gold. The total thickness is about 12,000 feet. Cambrian.—A clay slate about 3,000 feet thick overlies the Lyman group of the Huronian throughout the Ammonoosuc district, and again on the wes- tern flank of the Huronian, farther south, this is traversed by auriferous quartz veins. Oneof these has been mined in Lymian for a number of years. About $60,000 of the gold coin in circulation came from this mine. The best part of the vein averaged about $18.00 to the ton of rock. The rock has also been quarried for roofing slate in Littleton. Coés Group.—In the Connecticut valley isa broad band of mica schist belong- ing to a still later series, apparently. It is characterized by the presence of the mineral staurolite. The basal member is a quartzite 1,000 feet thick,which by its unyielding nature causes mountains to project above ;the general level. GEOLOGICAL. ° 13 It adds to the altitude of Moose mountain in Hanover and Cuba mountain im Orford, and is the main mass of Piermont mountain. In Hanover and Lyme the quartzite is reported nearer the Connecticut. The Cods rocks between Lebanon and Orford are partially made up of chloritic schist, and a rare bed of limestone, suggesting the calciferous mica schist of adjacent counties. The most characteristic rock of the group is an argillaceous and micaceous schist filled with staurolite. The best localities of this mineral are in the towns of” Lisbon, Enfield and Grantham, where cruciform crystals are quite common. . It was shown early in the history of the state survey that the Cods group was- newest of all the crystalline schists of New England, and that it may possibly belong to the Paleozoic age. Considerable heat must have been evolved in order explain the presence of the staurolite. This does not seem to have: been derived from the proximity of igneous rocks, but to have been liberated by the elevation of the strata. Niagara Group.—Greatly to the delight of geologists, a few fossils have: been discovered in Littleton and Lisbon, belonging to the upper Silurian. They are the chain-coral, honey-comb coral and other related forms, enta-- merus Nysius, a bivalve brachiopod shell and crinoidal fragments. The rocks overlie all the crystalline schists of the neighborhood, and are readily distin-- guished from the Co6s strata. There is no ground for the opinion that these- fossiliferous strata-are interstratified with the crystalline, and thus for the hypothesis of the formation of the latter from Paleozoic sediments. Slates and limestones represent the group with the possible addition of sandstone and quartzites. UNSTRATIFIED OR ERUPTIVE ROCKS. Grafton county furnishes many fine illustrations of rocks that have once been: melted, and most likely derived from the great internal caldron ever ready to belch forth an igneous fluid. The Basic division, represented by diabase, diorite and gabbro, is known only in dikes, which are the filling up of fissures- by molten matter injected from below. The diabase is a black or dark grey,. fine grained rock, quite heavy, and a microscope is needed to discover that the constituent mineraJs are augite, labradorite and magnetic or titanic iron. Diorite differs from diabase only by having hornblende in tne place of augite, The gabbro is more like granite of coarser grain, but has the same constituents- as diabase, the augite being foliated. A noted locality of the diabase is at the Flume in Lincoln (Franconia). A dike of this material rather more than a yard wide occupies the middle of the chasm. When melted it not only filled the chasm but also induced jointed planes of division in the granite adjacent. The water wore away the dike first, and then water flowing into the cracks froze and thus gradually pried off fragments which were washed away by the stream. A continuation of this process for.ages finally produced the Flume. In the ice age a large boulder’ 14 GRAFTON COUNTY. -was brought from near the Profile House and left so that it rolled into the flume and remained till 1883, as a bridge over the chasm, and a terror to timid people walking beneath. In this last named year slides rolled down the sides of Mts. Flume and Liberty, the most gigantic masses of debris known to move down mountain slopes within the memory of man in New Hamp- ‘shire, and enough pushed its way throngh the flume to remove this boulder and bury it deep in the rubbish a thousand feet below. The stone which is carefully fenced in and labelled as the original one is unfortunately about two feet shorter than the first named. The most prolific locality of these basic dikes is at Livermore Falls, near Plymouth, at a railroad station. Five or six of them crop out on the high cliff upon the west side of the Pemigewasset river, and in the railroad cut. There are diabases, diorite, syenite, coarse granite, and olivine diabase. At Waterville the gabbro is immensely developed, covering two or three ‘square miles on the west and south flanks of Tripyrimid. It was unknown till revealed by the slides of 1869 and 1885. Of the Acidic division porphyry is finely developed in the south part of the ‘Twin mountains, of variegated and bright red colors, suitable for ornamen- tal purposes. It is not utilized at present. The granites with the porphyry occupy an oval area of about 300 square miles in the White mountain region, and are believed to have been of eruptive origin. We have made careful ‘studies of this region and think but to give some of the results in respect to the origin of granite, as the subject has not been well understood in the past even by those familiar with geology. ; The origin of granite.—The more this rock is studied the clearer does it -seem to have had an eruptive origin. Many authors have supposed it to repre- ‘sent an altered stratified rock, partially fused through thermal action. Thanks to the use of the miscroscope the intimate composition of crystals may now be thoroughly studied and their origin made known. One of the best known localities for exhibiting the phenomena of eruption is the range overlooking Fabyans and the White Mountain Notch, seen most advantageously in Mt. Willard. This mountain is nearly 3,000 feet above the sea, and about 1,000 feet above the Notch at the Crawford House. Most of it is composed of a hard amica schist or gneiss belonging to the Montalban series, and it is the south end ofthe great range of mountains named after the President of the United States. This rock has been cut by dikes of eruptive granite. Two or three separate outbursts may be seen. The first and oldest is that termed Con- | way granite, a coarse grained rock having black mica or déofite for its third constituent. It once filled the valley of the White Mountain Notch, and reaches westerly across to Franconia; north to the Twin Mountain House, and south to Waterville, covering 200 or 300 square miles. A second is termed Adbany granite, both names being derived from the towns where they abound. This Albany rock gives the best signs of igneous fluidity, as it flowed Baa RR GEOLOGICAL. 15 upwards in arent between Conway granite on one side and the compact andalusite mica schist in the other, elsewhere known as the Kearsage group. This mica schist has had its character changed by contact with the igneous vein, while the Conway granite was unaltered, having once been melted itself, and therefore incapable of further change by heat.. The Montalban rocks were terribly shattered before the protrusion of the Conway granite, and its fragment cemented by a third igneous paste called ‘for convenience a dreccia granite. This is finely shown where the railroad passes around the southeast angle of the mountains. The vein of perhaps 300 feet in width crosses the valley at the Dismal Pool and runs transversely ‘up the side of Mt. Webster. The Conway granite joins this breccia on Mt. Willard, and the sharp line of junction may be followed the whole height of the cliff, showing that the two rocks were erupted at different periods. The Albany granite has filled a fissure between the Conway granite on the ‘east and the Kearsage mica schist upon the west. Near both walls the felds- par crystals are better formed than in the center, accompanied by dihexago- nal pyramids of quartz. In the middle the matrix is a grey fine-granular’ag- ‘gregate, having the color of a mixture of pepper andsalt. The many crystals of feldspar render the rock spotted in appearance. Examined microscopically the fine-granular mass shows amorphous quartz with inclosed fluids, hornblende, biotite, magnetite, apatite, augite and fluorspar; but the most marked char- acter is the uniform presence of square prisms of zircons. The changed ap- pearance next the walls, developing a porphyry, is due to the effect of contact ‘of heated material with cold surfaces. Upon examining the mica schist fifty feet distant from contact. with the granite, it is seen to consist of quartz, white mica or muscovite and chlorite with pencils of andalusite, with a very little biotite, iron minerals and tourmaline. At the distance of twenty-five feet the schists are less earthy and the biotite acd tourmaline crystals have increased in quantity. At fifteen feet the chlorite has disappeared, and the rock is still a mica schist. Between this point and the contact the schist loses its structure and becomes a black hornstone, breaking into angular frag- ments. Still nearer the granite is a dark grey mass filled with reticulated black veins. This is scarcely noticeable at the top of the mountain but becomes wide. and prominent below. Microscopically it is found to be a nearly pure mixture of tourmaline and quartz, and is termed ‘ourmaline veinstone. The remaining zone is a breccia composed of fragments of various schists and quartz porphyry cemented by granitic material, There is, however, a systematic and progressive series of changes; first, water has been removed ; ‘second, boric acid and silica have been added; third, alkalies have been added directly upon the contact. These additions and changes are such as ‘would come from igneous eruptions, and therefore the inference is authorized that the Albany granite was injected as a melted liquid like lava. The vein may be followed the whole length of the Rosebrook range adjoining the Con- way granite, as well as over the entire White Mountain region of eruptive rocks. 16 GRAFTON COUNTY. If thoroughly igneous at Mt. Willard it must have had a similar origin else- where. Granitic Cones.—Another form of the granite or syenite is that of a cone. Examples are Catamount hill in Haverhill, and that interesting crescent line of isolated peaks, Mts. Nancy, Anderson, Lowell, Cardigan, Hancock and Hitchcock. When adjacent to schistose rocks the heat has altered the sedi- ment somewhat as on Mt. Willard. Observation shows that the granite came up through a vent directly under the apex of the cone, that when soft the pasty material oozed from the opening and gradually accumulated till the whole mountain was built up. Wherever the slaty flow can be examined it is found to be altered by the impact of the hot granite, This is a great im- provement over the old idea that granite has formed only at a great depth, say beneath 40,000 feet of sediments, for in that case it is necessary to be- lieve in the subsequent removal of this immense mass by denudation. The present view regards the granite piles to have originated just as conical beds. of lava accumulate at the prescnt day. BEGINNING OF DRY LAND. In another place (Vol I., Geology of New Hampshire) I have given a series: of maps showing how the dry land of the State has been gradually reclaimed. from the primitive ocean, beginning with the areas of porphyritic gneiss. I have latterly gone further and claimed that these same areas, with others like them, constituted the nucleus of the North American continent. It would seem as if these projections, or islands, were of eruptive origin, very much like submarine volcanoes, the first that appeared after a crust had formed around the earth. Later ejections increased their dimensions and sediment came down the slopes so as gradually to unite the cones. A continuation of the earth’s contraction would tend to raise the earlier heaps of eruptive debris. and thus to construct a continent. This view gives us the advantage of fix- ing upon the very beginning of terrestrial accumulation, instead of being: forced to imagine a basin in which these earliest accumulations were de- posited as sediment. As this theory has been broached but recently, a few points may be cited in its favor, as follows :— First :—Considering the igneous nature of the earth, volcanic energies. would naturally continue their action as soon as there was a crust to be: broken through, and immense molten floods would ooze through the fissures. We are now beginning to understand that the numerous granites, syenites and porphyries of our region were eruptive, and that the older the period, the more numerous the igneous rocks. Second :—We have found ovoidal areas in Grafton county of both the old- est and later gvezsses, while they are very numerous in other parts of the State. A careful study of some of them reveals a concentric structure, just such as would arise from the accumulation of molten rock, rather than from sedimen- oe GEOLOGICAL. 17 tary deposits. Doubtless this concentricity will be found in all these areas when minutely studied. A somewhat similar structure is apparent in large volca- noes like Vesuvius. Should that volcano cease to be active, rains would obliterate the craters and reduce the lava to a rounded dome, which, when cut into, would show concentric layers of differently constituted aggregations. Third :—The difficulty in deciding whether our oldest group is granite or gneiss from an inspection of its crystalline particles, is just what may be expected upon our theory of its origin. Furthermore, all the special mineral peculiarities of true eruptive granite are to be noticed in our rock. Hence we would say that gvedss is derived from granite by pressure, rather than that granite is gneiss melted down. Fourth:—The analogy of the origin of oceanic islands at the present day, suggest the igneous derivation of the Laurentian areas. Most of the high islands of the Pacific are composed of lava, built up from submarine volca- noes; and the lower lands may have been the same originally, supplemented by the labor of coral animals. The size of a cluster of Pacific islands is cer- tainly not inferior to that required to equal our American grauite areas. The Hawaiian islands have a base of 100,000 square miles, which exceeds the di- mensions of New England. 4 THE AGE OF ICE, Volumes would be required to present all the facts of interest respecting the cold period of geological time known as the Age of Ice. Our country was overspread by a glaciai sheet shortly before the introduction of man, and its relics may be seen in the smoothing and the striation of the rocks and the ‘universal dispersion of bowlders. Three stages of progress are demonstrable: First, the accumulation of a thick coating of ice which covered every square ‘foot of land, not excepting the summit of Mount Washington. Where the sea washed the edge of the ice, characteristic deposits were left. Second, » this ice-sheet melted rapidly, and enormous floods of water transported the coarse gravel now arranged in the celebrated horsebacks, eskers or kames, great plains of sand and clay, and river terraces. The time was brief, and corresponded very well to the violent and powerful action of spring freshets. ‘Third, after the removal of the ice and the floods, the country must have been ‘barren till vegetation revived, and the geological changes effected have been comparatively unimportant. Two hundred courses of strie for Grafton county are given in the State report. It would appear that the southeast and southerly courses are the most common, pointing to the elevated land between the St. Lawrence river and Hudson Bay as the origin of the glacier. Observations elsewhere indi- ‘cate that the ice moved radially from those high lands, viz., northerly towards the Arctic regions; northeasterly over Labrador towards Greenland; south- easterly over Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and New England; and espec- ally southwesterly towards Dakota and ‘the Missouri river. The resistance 18 GRAFTON COUNTY. from high land was least in that direction, and glacial markings -extend nearly a thousand miles. Inasmuch as the White Mountains are more elevated than the Laurentian high lands, it is necessary to believe either that the country was much more elevated in the ice age than at pres- ent, or else that the ice itself accumulated thousands of feet in thickness, and in consequence of its great altitude, was enabled to flow over the moun- tains of New England. It would seem as if the St. Lawrence valley must have been filled up to the brim before any of the ice flowed over New Hamp- shire. If so, it is likely that in New England the cold age did not commence so early as in Canada and the Western United States. The deposits left by the glacier are mainly examples of the ground moraine —a species of glacial deposit neglected by most Alpine observers. When the glacier had greatly diminished streams would have appeared in such of the river valleys as were well adapted to hold them and of which examples have been cited in my State reports. Terminal, lateral, and medial moraines. may be found occasionally in such valleys. This moraine is commonly termed “ll, a term of Scotch origin. It is of two parts, the upper and lower. The latter is the most abundant and characteristic. It may be recognized by its. great compactness, blue color, and the presence of stones that are scratched or worn and that have come from great distances. In Fianover one often finds red stones which have been transported more than seventy miles, from the neighborhood of Burlington, Vt. These bowlders are usually quadrangular or trapezoidal in outline, with the striae upon four sides parallel to the great- est length of the stone. The upper till is loose, brownish red, and carries rough unworn stones that have been transported a very little distance. It is supposed that the lower till derives its compactness from the weight of | ice over it, while the upper till consists of the fragments embedded in or resting upon the ice at the time of melting. With this view the degree of oxidation of the irofi corresponds. ‘That which is blue represents the ferrous unstable condition, being the freshly pulverized rock scarcely exposed to oxidating in- fluences ; the brownish red earth has been wet in the presence of the atmos- phere, and thus easily converted into the hydrated ferric. oxide. The Connecticut valley affords a fine illustration of an esker or kame. This deposit is a straight ridge of gravel, with arched stratification, occupying the lowest line of the valley. It is not seen north of Lyme, and it crosses very shortly into Thetford and Norwich, where it has been cut through by the Pompanoosuc river. About two miles north of the Ledyard bridge in Han- over, it returns into New H-mpshire, and then returns to Hartford, Vermont, in-season to be cut through by the White river at the Railroad junction, and thence it may be followed to Windsor. The gaps in it uniformly show sand, gravel and water-worn cobblestones, in a very narrow belt, and at Hanover plain the ridge has been partially covered by the later fluviatile deposits. Its origin may be conceived by supposing the material filled a chasm in the ice deposited by the rapidly rising river. The ice bordering the chasm would BOTANICAL. ig: have held the gravel in place till the amelioration of the climate removed the glacial sheet. Immediately succeeding the formation of the esker the water must have increased in volume enormously, being at least 175 feet higher than now at Hanover, and more than 200 feet higher at Woodsville, where the great tributaries of Wells and Ammonoosuc rivers greatly swelled the volume of the Connecticut. The immediate result of such a freshet was the filling of the bottom of the valley with a blanket of sand, gravel and clay. As the water diminished in volume, it cut through the flood-plain and carved out the ter- races which uow adorn the flanks of the hills and furnish beautiful sites for villages and private residences. BOTANICAL. Because of having Dartmouth college within its limits as a scientific center, the flora of Grafton county has been more carefully studied than other parts. of the State, and those interested in this subject should consult a catalogue of the “ Flora and Fauna of Hanover and Vicinity,” published by Prof. H. G. Jesup, in 1882. This catalogue contains most of the species occurring in the county, with hints at range and distribution. The catalogue which we place before the reader, for which we are indebted to William F. Flint, B. S., of Winchester, N. H., is only approximately correct, and necessarily without reference to distribution. For botanical ‘discriptions the reader is refered to- Gray’s ‘‘ Manual,” or Wood’s “ Class-book of Botany,” which are generally used in the higher schools. Our catalogue, we would say, also, includes the ferns, but not the mosses and lichens, as their discriptions are not easily acces- sible to the general public. As altitude above the sea level is the prime factor governing plant distri- bution, the county is a region in which northern types are predominant in its flora. The portions where the Alleghenian types occur abundantly, as those plants which prevail in southern New England are called, are restricted to the immediate vicinity of the Connecticut and Pemigewasset rivers and their principal tributaries. An examination of the plants of this limited territory, however, reveals the fact that many of the plants which are common to the same river valleys southward, yet within the New Hampshire limits, have either totally, disappeared or been replaced by a more northern species. Thus- the chestnut (Castanea vulgaris, var Americana) is no longer indigenous, having disappeared within the limits of Sullivan county. This is true also of the yellow barked, or black oak ( Quercus finctoria), the barren or scrub oak, ( Q. éicéfolia), the black and the grey birches, (Betula lenta and B. alba, var, populifolia), the mountain laurel, (Kalmia latifolia), the Rhododendrons, two of the blue berries ( Vaccinum), and many others, both shrubs and herbaceous. plants. Only one species of hickory persists, the bitter or swamp hickory (Carya amara), which is found very near the river, north to the mouth of the Ammonoosuc, while the hackberry, ( Ce/#is occidentalis), which find its. eastern limit on the Connecticut, also appears near the same locality. or 20 GRAFTON COUNTY. Replacing these, to some extent, are the arbor vite (Zhuja occidentalis), the Canada blueberry (Vaccinium Canadense), the high bush cranberry (Viburnum Opulus), the downy thorn (Crategus tomentosa), the red osier (Cornus stolonifera), and others which, being herbaceous, are less con- spicuous. The white pine (Pimus strobus) may be found up to an altitude of 2.500 feet above sea level, but in much less quantity than further south. The al- luvial lands along the Connecticut once bore a belt of white pine timber which was equal in size and quality to any in the United States; but -only a few straggling specimens of this ancient forest remain. The pitch and the red pines (P. rigida and P. resinosa) are rather closely confined to lo- calities which are not far from 600 feet above the sea level, and are usually found in small quantities along the Connecticut and Pemigewasset rivers ; though a tract where the red pine predominates extends from the mouth of the Ammonoosuc southward to Haverhill, forming one of the most extensive tracts of this kind of pine in the State. The principal portion of the county has an elevation of its surface suff- cient to bring it within the great spruce region which clothes the White Moun- ‘tains and extends southward along the Connecticut-Merrimac water-shed. Here the northern or Canadian type is almost supreme. The chief con- iférs are the black spruce, (Picea nigra), the balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and ‘the hemlock ( Zsuga Canadensis). The principal broad-leaved species are the beech (Fagus ferruginea), the maples (Acer), yellow and white birches (ezuda lutea and B. papyrifera), basswood (Zila Americana), and white ash (Frax- inus Americana). Of these the canoe birch is the most generally distributed, being found along with the spruces and firs at the limit of trees on the highest mountains. The summits of some of the mountains of the Franconia ranges, the prin- zipal being Mts. Lafayette, Lincoln, Liberty and Flume, are so high as to rise above the limit of arborescent vegetation in this latitude. But they in turn support a peculiar vegetation, Alpine or Arctic in character, containing the ‘same species as are found in Labrador and under the Arctic circle. These spots, although not containing half as many species as the treeless area in- cluded by the summit of Mt. Washington and the other peaks of the Presiden- tial range, are yet well worthy of botanical study and will repay the naturalist for all his rough mountain climbing. CATALOGUE. (The natural orders are printed in SMALL CAPITALS, the indiginous species - in Roman, and the introduced species in /tadics. Rare or very local species are marked thus*, and Alpine species thusf.) 2I. 22. 23. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. CY Oh A NE BOTANICAL. RANCULACES. (Crowfoot Family.) Clematis Virginiana. Anemone cylindrica. A. Virginiana, A. memorosa. Hepatica triloba. H. acutiloba: / Thalictrum dioicum. T. Cornuti. Ranunculus aquatilis. R. Flamula, var. reptans. R. abortivus. R. recurvatus, R. Pennsylvanicus, R. bulbosus. RR. acris. R. repens. Caltha palustris. Coptis trifolia. Aquilegia Canadensis. Actzea alba. MENISPERMUMACE&. (Moonseed Family.) Menispermum Canadense. BERBERIDACEZ. (Barberry Family.) Berberis vulgaris. Caulophyllum thalictroides. NyMPH#ACE&. (Water Lily Family. Brasenia peltata. Nymphza odorata. Nuphar advena. SARRACENIACEA. (Pitcher-plant Family.) Sarracenia purpurea PaPAVERACEA. (Poppy Family.) Chelidonium majus. _ Sanguinaria Canadensis. Qt 30. 33: 32. 33: 66. 67. 68. 2i FUMARIACES. (Fumitory Family.) Corydalis glauca. Dicentra Cucularia. ‘D. Canadensis. Fumaria officinalts. CRUCIFERE. (Mustard Family.) Nasturtium palustre. LV. sytrestre. LV. armoracia. Dentaria diphylla. D. Maxim. D. laciniata.* Cardamine hirsuta. Arabis laevigata. A. hirsuta. A, perfoliata. A. Drommondii. Barbarea vulgaris. Erysimun cheiranthoide Stsymbrium officinale, Brassica nigra, B. campestris. B. sinapistrum.* B. alba. Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Lepidium Virginicum. L, campestre. Raphanus Raphanistrum. VIOLACE. (Violet Family.) Viola rotundifolia. blanda. . cuculata. . sagittata. canina, var, sylvestris. pubescens. renifolia.* . selkirkii. . prostrata. Canadensis. <<4<<<<<< CISTACEA, (Rock Rose Family.) Helianthemum Canadense. Lechea major. L. minor. 22 GRAFTON COUNTY. DROSERACEZ. LINACEZ. (Sundew Family.) too. Linum Virginuanum. 69. Drosera rotundifolia. GERANIACEA. pres (Geranium Family.) HyPERcacma: ror. Geranium maculatum. (St. Johnswort Family.) toz. G. Robertianum. : ap G. Carolinianum. 71. Hypericum ellipticum. 103. : js Hh peroratin ea 73. H.mutilum. oe) Gi chriets . 74. H. Canadense. 3 ; ° 75. H. Sarothra. : 76. H. pyramidatum. Ruckers: 77. Elodes Virginica. (Rue Family.) CAROPHYLLACEA, 107. Zanthoxylum Americanum. (Pink Family.) ANACARDIACEA, 78. Saponaria officinalis. ‘ 79. Silene inflata, (Sumach Family.) 80. 5S. antirrhina. 108. Rhus typhina. 81. Lychnis Githago. 108. R. glabra. 82, Arenaria Groenlandica.f 110. R. copallina. 83. _jaterifolia. tir. R. venenata. 84. Stellaria media, 112. R. Toxicodendron. 85. S. longifolia. 86. S, borealis. VITACEA. 87. Cerastium viscosum. : : 88. C. arvense. (Vine Family.) 89. Spergularia, rubra, var, camp- 113. V. riparia. estris. . 114. Ampelopsis quinquefolia. go. Spergula arrensis. gi. Sclearanthus anuus. RHAMNACEA. 92. Mollugo verticillata. : (Buckthorn Family.) PORTULACACE. ig ge : 115. Rhamnus alnifolius. (Portulaca Family.) 93. Fortuluca oleracea. CELASTRACEE. 94. Claytonia Caroliniana. (Staff-tree Family.) MALVACEA. 116, Celastrus scandens. (Mallows Family.) ia SAPINEACER, 95. Malva rotundifolia. 96. MM. crispa. (Soap-berry Family.) Bye dh mocha, 117. Staphylea trifolia.* TILIACEA. 118. Acer Pennsylvanicum. ; : 11g. A. spicatum. (Einden Ramily:) 120. A. saccharinum. 98. Abutilon avicenne. 121. A, dasycarpum. 99. Tilia Americana. 122, A. rubrum. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133- 134. 135. 136. 137- 138. 139. T 40. I4l. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. I5I. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. POLYGALACEZ. -(Milk-wort Family.) Polyglala sanguinnea. P. verticillata. P. polygama. P. pauciflora. LEGUMINOSZ. (Pea Family.) Trifolium arvense. L. pratense. T. repens. T. agrarium. T. procumbens. Melilotus alba, M. officinalts. Robinia Pseudacacta. Desmodium nudiflorum. D. acuminatum, D. rotundifolium. D. Canadense. D. Dillenii. D. paniculatum. D. rigidum. Marilaudicum. Lespeda violacea. L. hirta. L capitata. Vicia sativa. V Cracca. Apios tuberosa. Amphicarpea monoica. Cassia Marilandica ROSACEA. (Rose Family.) Prunus Americana. P. pumila. P. Pennsylvanica. P. Virginiana. P. serotina. Spirea salicifolia. S. tomentosa. Agrmonia Eupatoria. Geum album. G. Virginianum. G. rivale. G. strictum. Waldsteinia fragaroides. Potentilla Norvegica. BOTANICAL, 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170, 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 1706. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 1382, 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. Igl. 192. 193. 194. 195- 196. 197. 198. | 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 23 P. Canadensis. P. argentea. P. fruticosa, P. tridentata. P. palnistris. Fragaria vesca. F. Virginiana. Dalibarda repens. Rubus odoratus. R. triflorus. R. strigosus. R. occidentalis. R. villosus. R. Canadensis. R. hispidus. Rosa Carolina. R. lucida. R. Blanda. R. rubiginose. Catzegus coccinea. C. tomentosa. Pyrus arbutifolia. P Americana. Amelanchier Canadensis, var, Botrypium. A. Canadensis, var, oblongifolia. SAXIFRAGACE, (Saxifrage Family.) Saxifraga Virginiensis. S. Pennsylvanica. Ribes cynosbati. R. hirtellum. R. lacustre. R. prostratum. R. floridum: R. rubrum. Mitella diphylla. Tiarella cordifolia. Mitella nuda. Chrysosplenium Americanum. CRASSULACE. (House Leek Family.) Penthorum Sedoides. Sedum Telephium. HAMAMCLACEA, (Witch Hazel Family.) Hamamelis Virginca. 24 GRAFTON COUNTY. HALORAGER. CORNACES. (Water Milfoil Family.) (Cornel Family.) 205. Proserpinaca palustris. 238. Cornus Canadensis. 239. C. circinata. ONAGRACEZ. 240. C. serica. ‘ ; ‘ . C. alternifolia. (Evening Primrose Family.) fe Ean ‘ : CAPRIFOLIACE. 206. Circzea Lutetiana. 207. C. alpina. (Honeysuckle Family.) 208. Epilobium angustifolium. Li audits 209. E. palustre, var, lineare. pe I ee a 2to. E, coloratum. eas: alee en ini 211. E. molle. 26% Te = ae 212. C£nothera biennis. 245 Santee: i 246. Diervilla trifida, oa oe ee 247. Sambueus Canadensis. 5 seed gia P E 248. S. pubens. CUCURBITACER. 249. Viburnum Lentago. : : 250. V. nudum. (Gourd Family.) 251, V. dentatum. 15. Echinocystis lobata. x nec ney Bice ane 254. V. lantanoides. UMBELLIFERA. RUBIACEA. (Parsnip Family.) (Madder Family.) 217. Hydrocotyle Americana. 255. Gallium asprellum. 218. S. Marilandica. 256. G. trifidum, 21g. S. Canadensis. 257. G. triflorum. 220. Daucus Carota. 258. G. cirezans. 221. Heracleum lanatum. 259. Cephalanthus occidentalis.” 222. Lieusticum Scoticum. 260. Mitchella repens. 223. Pastanaca sativa. 261. Houstonia czerulea. 224. Archangelica atropurpurea. ; 225. Thaspium aureum. Composira, 226. Cicuta maculata. j ‘ 227. C. bulbifera (Composite Family., 228. Sium lineare. ; 262. Eupatorium purpureum. 229.. Cryptotenia Canadensis. 263 E. perfoliatum. 230. Osmorrhiza brevistylis. 264. E. ageratoides. 231. O. longistylis. 265. Tussilago Fafrara. 232. Conium maculatum. 266. Sericocarpus conyzoides. a 267. Aster corymbosus. HRALIACEE 268. A. macrophyllus. (Ginseng Family.) 269. A. levis. / 270. A. undulatus. 233. Aralia racemosa. 271. A. cordifolius, 234. A. hispida. — 272. A. multiflorus. 235. A. nudicaulis. 273. > OLEACE. (Olive Family.) Fraxinus Americand. F. sambucifolia, ARISTOLOCHIACEZ. (Birthwort Family.) Asarum Canadense. PHYTOLACCACEZ. (Poke Family.) Phytolacca decandra. CHENOPODIACES. (Goose-foot Family) Chenopodium album. C. Botrys. 462, 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468. 469. 470. 471. 472. 473- 474. 475. 476. 47T- 478. 479 480. 481. 482. 483. 485. 486. 27 AMARANTACEA, (Amaranth Family.) Amarantus retroflexus, A. albus. POLYGONACEA. (Joint-weed Family.) Polygonum Orentale. P. Pennsylvanicum. P. Persicaria. . Hydropiper. . amphibium. . aviculare. . arifolium. . Sagittatum. P. Convolvulus. P. dumetorum. Rumex crispus. LR. obtustfolius. R. Acetosella. THYMELEACEA. to td ott (Mezereum Family.) Dirca palustris, SANTALACEA. (Sandal-wood Family.) Comandra umbellata. CERATOPHYLLACE. (Hornwort Family.) Ceratophyllum demersum. CALLITRICHACEA. (Starwort Family.) Callitriche verna. EUPHORBIACES. (Spurge Family.) Euphorbia maculata. E. hypercifolia. £. Cyparissus. £. peplus. Acalypha Virginica. EMPETRACE. (Crow-berry Family.) Empetrum nigrum. 28 GRAFTON COUNTY. 487. 488. 489. 499. 491. 492. 493. 494. 495- 497- 498. 499- 500. 501. 502, 503. 504. 505. 506. 507. 508. 509. 510. 51. 512. 513. 514. 515. URTICACEA, (Nettle Family.) Ulmus fulva. U. Americana. U. racemosa.* Celtis occidentalis. . Morus alba. Urtica gracilis. Laportea Canadensis. Pilea pumila. Boehmeria cylindrica. Cannabis sativa. Humulus Lupulus. JUGLANDACEZ. (Walnut Family.) Juglans cinerea. Carya amara. CUPULIFER&, (Oak Family.) Quercus alba. Q. rubra. Fagus ferruginea. Corylus Americana. C. rostrata. Ostrya Virginica. Carpinus Americana. MYRICACE, (Sweet-gale Family.) Myrica-gale. Comptonia asplenifolia. BETULACE&. (Birch Family.) Betula lenta.* B. lutea. B. papyrifera. Alnus incana. A. viridis. SALICCAEA, (Willow Family.) Salix humilis. S. discolor. 516. 517- 518. 519. 520. 521. 522. 523- 524. 525. 536. 537: 538. 539- 540. 541. 542. 543. 544. 545. 546. 547. S. sericea. ' S. cordata. S. livida, var, occidentalis. S. nigra. S. lucida. S, alba. Populus tremuloides. P. grandidentata. P. balsamifera. CONIFER. (Pine Family.) Pinus rigida. P. resinosa. P. strobus. Picea nigra. Tsuga Canadensis. Abies balsamea. Thuja occidentalis. Larix Americana. Juniperus communis. J. Virginiana. Taxus baccata,var, Canadensis, ARACEA, (Arum Family.) Ariseema triphyllum. Calla palustris. Acorus Calamus. LEMNACEA, (Duckweed Family.) Lemna minor. L. polyrrbiza. TYPHACE. (Cat-tail Family.) Typha latifolia. Spargantium simplex, var, fluitans. Naias flexilis. NAIADACEA, (Pond Weed Family.) Potemageten natans. P. Spirillus. P. hybridus. P. gramineus. i 548. 549- 550. 551. 552. 553- 554- 555: 556. 557- 558. 559: 560. 561. 562. 563. 564. 565. 566. 567. 568. 569. 570. 571. 572. 573: 574. 575: 576. 577: 578. 579. 580. 581. 5382. 583- 584. 585. 587. BOTANICAL, . pusillus. . Oakesianus. Claytoni. . lonchites. . perfoliatus. ‘pauciflorus. . Tuckermani. . amplifolia. . sufescens. . Compressus. . perfoliates, var, Lanceolatus. . pectinatus. . Robbinsii. ALISMACEA, Doty m drt (Water Plantain Family.) Scheuchzeria palustris. Alisma Plantago, var, Ameri- canum Sagittaria variabilis. S. graminea. HyDROCHARIDACEA. (Frogs-bit Family.) Vallisneria spiralis. ORCHIDACEA. (Orchis Family.) Orchis spectabile.* Habenaria tridentata. . viridis, var, bracteata. . hyperborea. Hookeri. . orbiculata, . blephariglottis. . lacera. . psycodes. . fimbriata. . obtusata. H. dilatata. Goodyera repens. G. pubescens. Spiranthes cernua. S. gracilis. Arethusa bulbosa. Listera cordata. L. convallarioides. Pogonia ophioglossoides. Calopogen pulchellus. Microstylis ophioglossoides. poy boy boy ot tt tt 34 588. 589. 59°. 591. §92. 593: 594. 595- 596. a sO ~— 598. 599- 600, 601. 602. 603. 604. 605. 606. 607. 608. 609. 610. 611. 612. 613. 614. 615. 616, 617. 618. 619. 620, 621. 622. 623. 624. 29 Liparis Leeselli. Corallorhiza innata. C. odontorhiza. C. multiflora. Cyripedium acaule. C. pubescens. C, aretinum.* IRIDACE. (Iris Family.) Tris versicolor. Sisyrinchium Bermudiana. SMILICEA. (Smilax Family.) Smilax herbacea. LILLIACE. (Lily Family.) Trillium erectum., T. erythrocarpum. T. cernuum.* Medeola Virginica. Veratrum viride. Uvularia sessilifolia. Streptopus roseus. 5. amplexifolius. Clintonia borealis. Smilacina bifolia. S. trifolia. S. racemosa. S. stellata, Polygonatum biflorum. P. giganteum. Aspargus officinalts. Lillium Philadelphicum. L. Canadense. Erythronium Americanum. Allium Canadense. A. tricoccum. Hemerocallis fulva. JUNCACEA. (Rush Family.) Luzula pilosa. L. parviflora,var, melanocarpa. |” Juncus effusus. J. bufonius. J. tenuis. 30 GRAFTON COUNTY. ‘625. J. Greeni. 662, C. stipata. 626. J. acuminatus. 663. C. cephalophora. 627. J. pelocarpus. 664. C. rosea. 628. J. Canadensis, var, coarctatus.|665. C. tenella. 629. J. nodosus. 666. C. trisperma. 630. J. trifidus. 667. C. canescens. 631. J. filiformis. 668, C. scroparia. 632. J. marginatus. 669. C. lagopodoides. 670. C. straminea, var, typica. PONTEDERIACES. 671. C. eg var, aperta. (Pickerel Weed Family.) ae . cee 633. Pontederia cordata. 674. C. granularis. 675. C. pallescens. XYRIDACEA. 676. C. conoidea. (Yellow-eyed Grass Family,) ae . oo 634. Xyris flexuosa. 679. C. plantaginea. 635. X. var, pusillata. 680. C. platyphylla. 681. C. Emmonsii. ERIOCAULONACE. 682. C. laxiflora. : : 683. C. umbellata. (ape ene Nant.) 68, C. Pennsylvanica. 636. Eriocaulon septangulare. 685. C. pubescens. 686. C. scabrata, CYPERACEA. 687. C. comosa. : 688. C. hystricina. (Sedge Family.) 689. C. intumescens. 637. Cyperus diandrus. 690. C. lupulina. -638. C. dentatus. 639. C. strigosus. GRaMINA. 640. C. inflexus. : a C. filiculmis, teres Eenly:) 642. C. phymatodes. 691. Leersia Virginica. ‘643. Dulichium spatchaceum. 692. L.oryzoides. 644. Eleocharis obtusa. 693. Alopecurus pratensis. 645. E. tenuis. 694. A. gentculatus. 646. E. acicularis. 695. Phleum pratense. ‘647. E. Robbinsii. ' 696. Sporobolus serotinus. 648. E. palustris, 697. Agrostis perennans. 649. E. olivacea. 698. A. scabra. ‘650. Scirpus validus. Cog. A. vulgaris. 651. S. sylvaticus. yoo «A. alba. ‘652. S. atrovirens. 7or. A. canina, 653. S. Eriophorum. 702, Cinna arundinacea. 654. S. pungens. 703. Muhlenbergia glomerata. 655. S. Torreyii. 704. M. Mexicana. 656. 5S. debilis. 705. M. sylvatica. 657. Rhynchospora alba. 706. M. sorbolifera. 658. R. glomerata. 708. Brachyelytrum aristatum. 659. R. fusca.* 709. Calmagrostis Canadensis. 660. Cladium mariscoides. 710. C. Langsdorfii.t 661. Carex vulpinoidea. 711. Oryzopsis melanocarpa, BOTANICAL. 31 712. O. asperifolia. 763. E. limosum. 713. O. Canadensis. ia. E. variegatum.* 714. Dactylis glomerata. 765. E. scirpoides. 715. Glyceria Canadensis. eee 716. G. elongata, . 717. G. nervata. (Fern Family.) 718. G. pallida. 766. Polypodium vulgare. 719. G. fluitans. 4767. Adiantum pedatum. 720. G. aquatica. 768. Pteris aquilina. 721. Poa annua. 769. Asplenium Trichomanes. 722. P. compressa. 770. A. ebeneum. 723. P. serotina. 771. A. anguslifolium.* 4724. P. pratensis. 772. A. thelypteroides. 725. P. trivialis. 773- A. Filix-foemina. 726. P. alsodes. 774. Phegopteris polypodiodes. 727. Eragrostis pectinacea. 775. P. hexaganoptera. 728. Festuca ovina. 776. P. Dryopteris. 729. F. elatior. 777. Aspidium Thelypteris. 730. Bromus secalinus. 778. A. Novaboracense 731. B. cilliatus. 779. A. spinulosum, var, interme- 732. B. Kalmi. dium, a 733. Triticum repens. 780. A. var, Boot. 734. Elymus Virginicus. 781. A. cristatum. 735. E. Canadensis. 782. A. marginale. 736. Gymnostichum Hystrix. 783. A. acrostichoides. 737. Danthonia spicata. 784. Cysopteris fragilis. 738. Hierochlea borealis.* 7 85. Cystopteris bulbifera. 739. Authoxanthum odoratum. 786. Camptosorus rhizophyllus. x 740. Phalaris Canariensis. 787. Struthiopteris Germanica. 74t. P. arundinacea. 788. Onoclea sensibilis. 742. Paspalum setaceum. 789. Woodsia Ilvensis. 743. Panicum sanguinale. 790. Dicksonia punctilobula. 744. P. agrostoides. 791. Osmunda regalis. 745. P. capillare. 792. O. Claytoniana. 746. P. latifolium. 793. QO. cinnamonea. 747. P. dichotomum. 794. Botrychium Virginicum. 748. P. Crus-galli. 795. B. lunaroides, var, obliquum. 749. P. glabrum. 796. B. var, desectum. 750. P. Sanguinale. 797. B. matricarzefolium. 751. P. clandestinum. 798. B. lanceolatum. 752. P.virgatum. 799. B. simplex. 753. P. xanthophysum.* 800. Ophioglossum vulgatum. 754. P. depauperatum. LYCOPODIACE. 75 Setaria glauca. (Lycopodium Family.) 756. S. viridis. 801. Lycopodium lucidulum. 757. Cenchrus tribuloides. Sao ‘I. nelavoct 758. Androporgon furcatus. : pn 75 Pere 803. L. inundatum. 759. A. scroparlus. 804. L. annotinum. EQUISETACEA. 80s, L.complanatum. (Horsetail Family.) 806. L. clavatum. 760, Equisteum arvense. 807. Selaginella rupestris. 761. E. hymale. 808. Isoetes echinospora. 4762. E. sylvaticum. 809. L. riparia. 32 GRAFTON COUNTY. SOIL AND STAPLE PRODUCTIONS. As the soil and productions vary materially in different parts of the county, these subjects are covered in the town sketches. Some idea of the territory, as a whole, however, may be obtained from the following statistics, shown by the census report of 1880. The county then had 4,794 farms, representing an area of 425,783 acres of improved land, valued, including buildings, etc.,. at $10,520,102.00, while its total public debt, bonded and floating, was $642,484.00, with a sinking fund of $59,221.00. These farms supported 8,337 horses, 14 mules, 5,060 working oxen, 14,190 milch cows, 18,750 other cattle, 74,054 sheep, and 8,577 swine. The stock products for the year were 384,918 pounds of wool, 153,104 gallons of milk, 1,432,673 pounds of butter, and 201,455 pounds of cheese. The products of the farms were 32,961 bushels of buckwheat, 8,981 bushels of barley, 206,323 bushels of In- dian corn, 360,902 bushels of oats, 5,813 bushels of rye, 43,318 bushels of wheat, 108,048 tons of hay, 684,796 bushels of potatoes, 2,734 pounds of hops, and orchard products to the value of $96,424.00. MANUFACTURES. The county is not what may be called a manufacturing district ; indeed,. while it nas many fine.water powers that are utilized, it has still many others that await the hand of enterprise; but as sketches of the resources and his- tory of each of the manufactories are given in the town wherein they are re- spectively located, we will dismiss the subject at this point with the following statistics from the census report of 1880: There were then 465 manufactur-. ing establishments in the county, representing an invested capital of $2,155,- 956.00 and giving employment to 2,528 hands, to whom was paid $633,- 869.00 in wages. The total value of materials used was $2,595,146.00 and the total product $4,117,710.00. THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE LAW IN GRAFTON COUNTY.* As early as January, 1755, a proposition to divide the Province of New Hampshire into counties was entertained in the Assembly. The Merrimack. river was to be the dividing line and there were to be two counties—Ports-. mouth and Cumberland. Tne Council rejected the bill because it provided’ for a court at Exeter as well as Portsmouth, and they ‘could by no means. consent” to that. The two branches of the Assembly continued to consider this question in various forms and continued to find grounds of disagreement as to details until 1769, when an agreement was finally reached and the es- tablishment of the counties effected by the Crown’s approval of the act of March 19, 1771. (Laws of 1771, Ch. 137, p. 204.) Under this legislation *¥For this admirable sketch of the legal history of Grafton county we are indebted to Mr. A. S. Batchellor of Littleton. BENCH AND BAR. 33 five counties were erected. These were Rockingham, Strafford, Hills- borough, Cheshire and Grafton, so named by the Governor after some of his friends in England. The counties of Strafford and Grafton, being much less populous than the others, were to remain annexed to the county of Rocking- ham, till the Governor, by the advice of Council, should declare them com- ‘petent to the exercise of their respective jurisdictions, which was done in 1773. At this date the towns included in the county were New Chester (now Hill. Bristol and Bridgewater), Protectworth (Springfield), Grafton, Relhan (Enfield), Lebanon, Hanover, Canaan, Cardigan (Orange), Plymouth, Cock- -ermouth (Groton), Dorchester, Lyme, Orford, Wentworth, Rumney, Treco- thic (Ellsworth), Warren, Piermont, Haverhill, Peeling (Fairfield, then Wood- stock), Lincoln, Landaff, Bath, Lyman, Gunthwaite (Concord, then Lisbon), Franconia, Apthorp (Littleton and Dalton), Lancaster, Dartmouth (Jeffer- son), Shelburne, Chatham, Conway, Northumberland, Woobury (Strafford), Alexandria, Burton (Albany), Coventry (Benton), Dryden (Colebrook), Pres- ton (Columbia), Thornton, and all other territory northerly of a line from the northwest corner of Plainfield by the northerly side lines of Plainfield and Grantham, to the northeast corner of Grantham, thence by the easterly side line of Grantham and the northerly side line of Saville to the north end of Sunapee pond; thence by the westerly line of Dantzick, Hiedleburgh, and by northerly side lines of Hiedleburgh and northwesterly side line of Emerys- town to Pemigewasset river; thence up the river to Compton; thence round the westerly end of Compton, and by the northeasterly side lines of Comp- ton, Sandwich and Tamworth ; and thence easterly to the Province line on the same course with the northerly side line of Eadeton. A census taken in 1773 contains returns from twenty-five towns in this county, and gives a population of 3,549, of which ninety were students at Dartmouth college, and twenty were slaves. (10 Prov. Papers, 635.) The Revolutionary convention in the Province, in 1775, ‘ordered a sur- vey to be made of the number of peoplein the several counties.” It appeared from this enumeration that Grafton county had a population of 4,101. Dur- the long period of the French-English and Indian hostilities, which did not case until the peace of 1763, and by which the French possessions to the north- ward were ceded to England, the region of Grafton county could not be set- tled. The French and Indian marauding parties killed and pillaged in com- parative security for themselves, at points far south of the present county boundaries. Immediately upon the overthrow of the French dominion, how- ever, there was a rush of settlers to the northward. Hardly any settlements had been effected previous to 1763, and in 1767 the population was only 747; but in the succeeding decade a considerable portion of the vigorous elements in the surplus population of the old settlements found homes in Nore—Emerystown is now Andover. Dantzick and Hiedleburgh were laid on the an- cient maps, one nearly east of ‘«Sunapee pond” and the other adjoining the first on the north. 34 GRAFTON COUNTY. Grafton county. Grants of townships were eagerly sought and surveys extended up the branches of the Merrimack and the Connecticut valley and into the country on either side of the river, Much of the territory now re-granted by Governor John Wentworth had been previously disposed of by his predecessor, Benning Wentworth. Various conditions were annexed to the grants, among which was that of forfeiture in case of a failure of the grantees to effect a settlement in five years. By taking advantage of this clause he assumed the disposal of a vast territory. The grantees of Benning Wentworth protested against the forfeitures as arbitrary and unwarranted. In the distribution of official favors by Governor John Wentworth, one of the council, Peter Livius, conceived himself to be unduly overlooked, and returned to England in a belligerent frame of mind. He proceeded immediately to an agitation of New Hampshire affairs, and filed charges of maladministration against Wentworth. His first article of complaint was “that the Governor and Council, without any legal process, or the intervention of a jury, had deprived the grantees under the Crown of their lands, on suggestion only that the conditions had not been complied with.” (Belknap, p. 345.) To thisit was replied “that the resumption of grants forfeited by non-compliance with the conditions of settlement, was supported by the opinion of the attorney and solicitor-general, given in 17523 that the invariable usage in these cases, had been to issue notice to delinquent proprietors, that they should appear on a set day, and show cause why their shares should not be forfeited and re-granted ; that their allegations had always been treated with proper respect, and that no complaint of injustice had been made by any persons whose grants had been thus resumed.” The lords of trade before whom the complaints were first laid found that they had been fully verified, but they also reported that Wentworth’s adminis- tration had been successful A rehearing was had before a committee of the privy council who reported a judgment on the several articles. On the first one they said in substance : “That by the law of England, when lands were granted, upon condition, the breach of that condition must be found by a jury under a commission from the Court of Chancery ; but that no such court existed in New Hampshire ; and though the general rule was, that the law of England extended to the colonies, yet it must be understood to mean such part of the law as is adapted to the state and constitution of them. That though the Governor had re- sumed and regranted lands, yet there was no evidence that such resumption had been made without proof or public notoriety that the condition of former grants had not been complied with; and that no complaint had been made by any person supposed to be injured. That it had not been proved that resumptions had been made without notice to the proprietors; and it had not even been suggested, in cases where time had been ailowed, that grants were resumed before the expiration of it.” The people of Grafton county were settled on lands which were subject BENCH AND BAR, 35. to grants successively made by these governors by the methods investigated in these proceedings. Wherever the grants were renewed to the same proprietors, as was the case with Chiswick, afterwards Apthorp, then Little- ton and Dalton, great difficulty was avoided. A large number of towns, how- ever, were granted under rival charters to different sets of proprietors. This. was the case of Corcord, regranted as Gunthwaite; of Franconia and Lin- coln, regranted as Morristown ; Landaff, regranted by the same name. The cir- cumstances of these grants raised some of the first important questions for litigation in the county. The great haste and carelessness which characterized the survey and location of the grants and the allotment among the individual proprietors, gave further occasion for angry controversy without and with re- course to the remedies of the law. The result of the incidental considera-. tion by the home government upon the complaint of Livius, of the questions. of forfeiture under these grants, was not known in New Hampshire until the political condition of the colony was much disturbed by the rapid evo- lution of the sentiment of revolution. It would indeed, under more favorable conditions be regarded as an evasion rather than a decision of the question.. The local courts of the county, organized in 1773, had only come fairly into working order when they were overtaken by the revolutionary storm and their doors closed. Proprietary rights found no peaceful settlement while the war progressed except in a summary manner through the home-made tribunals. or by legislative disposition. The important questions relating to the prior- ity of the township grants were among those which remained in abeyance. The Superior Court of Judicature included Grafton county in its circuit upon the organization of the county. Its members were Theodore Atkinson, of New Castle, chief justice Mesech Weare, of Hampton Falls, Leverett Hubbard and William Parker, both of Portsmouth, associate justices. Samuel Livermore, then of Portsmouth, was attorney-general. There was- no practice, such as now prevails, of reporting opinions in the causes deter- mined in order to inform the public of the reasons for the decisions. A Court of Common Pleas of four justices, and a Court of Sessions com- posed of the justices of the peace, were erected in the county with the other departments of civil government. The members of the Common Pleas were men of mark in their time. Col. John Hurd, of Haverhill, was chief, and Asa Porter, of Haverhill, David Hobart of Plymouth and Bezalee Woodward, of Hanover, associate justices. .Col. John Fenton, of Plymouth, was clerk. Col. Hurd was a graduate of Harvard, who was also county treasurer, register of deeds and receiver of quit rents. He made Haverhill a half-shire and was one of the largest land-owners and most influential men in the county. It is remarkable that the Rev. Grant Powers, in his history of the Coos country, should have disposed of this career by only relating the story of the escape of Col. Hurd’s cow from the Haverhill settlement and her safe return to her old home at Portsmouth through the wilderness without accident. Col. Porter was also a wealthy, land-owner and a graduate of Harvard. Col. Hobart was 236 GRAFTON COUNTY. a prominent citizen at Plymouth and foremost in military affairs. His career is sketched in a note to Potter’s War History. (Adjt. Gen.’s Report, 1866, Vol. 2, p. 320.) Judge Woodward* was a professor in the college at Hanover, who came from Connecticut with President Wheelock. He was a graduate of Yale college and was for thirty-five years the “ end of the law” for the vicinity of Hanover. He acted as trial justice under the authority of New Hampshire and Vermont at different periods, and his dockets were voluminous and are still extant. The New Hampshire Register for 1772 gives the following as at that time ‘members of the legal profession in the State. Barristers at law :— Samuel Livermore, Portsmouth; Wiseman Claggett, Portsmouth ; Noah Emery Exeter; William Parker, Exeter; John Sullivan, Durham; John Pickering, Portsmouth ; Joshua Atherton, Amherst; and Simeon Olcott, ‘Charleston. Practicing Attorneys :— Ebenezer Champney, New Ipswich; Peter Greene and Stephen Scales, ‘Concord ; John Prentice, Londonderry ; Samued Hale, Portsmouth; Jolin Wentworth, Dover ; Elijah Williams, Keene ; Richard Cutts Shannon and Oliver Whipple, Portsmouth. There were none in Grafton county. Legal advice and assistance were -sought in the older counties. In those red republican days the King’s courts were not acceptable to the people.t They ceased to dispense justice in Grafton county in 1775. The Provincial Congress reorganized them with the same machinery but with a ‘reformed personnel. The Common Pleas in Grafton, appointed in 1776, have left no records of any business transacted and probably they never organized. The war of the Revolution occasioned unusual burdens and difficulties in this ‘county. The Cohos country, so-called, was constantly garrisoned against the ‘common enemy. Heavy levies of men and means were repeatedly made from ‘the infant settlements. The courts of justice were closed and law was ad- administered by local committees or the military. At the same time also ‘that the war with the mother country was in progress, the towns in the Con- necticut valley were in revolt against the provisional revolutionary government of New Hampshire. The spirit of disaffection was so intense that the ‘towns on the western side of the county refused to send any representatives in the manner prescribed by the New Hampshire Assembly. They were mean- ‘time represented in the independent assemblies of the valley towns, or in the Assembly of Vermont. The controversial papers of the period which emanated * For sketch of Prof. Woodward, see Records Gov. and Council, Vermont, Vol. 2, p. TI4. t See Boylston's History of the Early Courts and Committees of Safety, Hillsborough county, BENCH AND BAR. 37 from Judge Woodward, Judge Payne* and others, have been reprinted in Bou- ton’s Collection of Province Papers, Vol. 10. They contain evidence of the great polemical ability of the men of Grafton county in that day. Many of them dis- play a masterly understanding of the fundamental principles of government. Occasion is not given in this place for a detailed examination of this interesting epoch. It has however a place in the legal history of the county. These agitators’ sought by all the means at their command to erect a state in the Connecticut valley whose back-bone should be along the river and whose capital should be at Hanover. They had little sympathy with the political doctrines that obtained in Eastern New Hampshire. One of the cardinal prin- ciples with them was the individuality and independence of thetown. The classification of towns for purposes of representation was the rock on which the sections split, and in Vermont no such practice is permitted to this day. The sentiments of the popular leaders were entertained by the common people to a considerable extent. There is an indication of itin Mr. Coroner Crocker’s reply to Mr. Hurd, “that he did not choose to accept the office for he did not like our form of government,” when Hurd informed him “that the body of poor John Presson, drowned this afternoon, is just now taken up, and they are in quest of a coroner to set upon him.” (Town Papers, Vol 12, Hammond, p. 199.) The eastern part of the county was not involved in the movement. The people were well disposed towards the Provincial Government. Hon, Samuel Livermore, of Holderness, was, at a critical point, appointed to undertake the settlement of the controversy on some basis which would secure the rights of New Hampshire and maintain her boundaries. The Continental Congress took the matter into serious consideration, and Washington threw the weight of his influence by active advice and suggestion in favor of adjustment of the causes of dispute. By the operation of these and other influences the limits of New Hampshire were set at the west bank of the Connecticut river. The inhabitants generally accepted the situation in good part and peaceably resumed their functions in the State. Some of the leaders had become em- bittered against the State and removed permanently into Vermont. The restoration, however, took place in Grafton county with less friction than in Cheshire.f There was at the same time throughout the whole county a considerable tory clement.{ Col. Fenton, the clerk of courts and judge of probate, had * Hon. Elisha Payne first resided in Cardigan, now Orange, and subsequently in East. Lebanon. The New Hampshire legislature elected him to the office of chief justice of the Common Pleas for the county in 1779, perhaps as a ‘‘sop to Cerberus ; but he paid no heed to the compliment. He was made chief justice of Vermont in 1781, and held the office till the allegiance of the courts on the east side of the river was restored to New Hamp- shire. For a sketch of his life see Records of Gov. and Council, Vermont, Vol. 1, p. 275, and article on ‘‘Lawyers of Lebanon.” —/Post. +See Amory’s life of Sullivan, 192. {The patriots of Lebanon proposed the ‘‘purging out of this detestable leven.” 3* i 38 GRAFTON COUNTY. been deprived of his office and sent out of the country, for this cause.t Judge Asa Porter was under surveillance and was subject toan investigation as to his loyalty. A portion of the evidence in his case is given in the Province Pa- pers, Vol. 8, pp. 324, 331. The soldiers, spies, scouts and Indians allies of the hostile armies constantly traversed the territory of the county. Yet the people remained true to the main cause, and were never lukewarm in supply- ing men and means for the prosecution of the war. They were on the very scene of hostilites, and their soldiery, under Hobart, Webster, Chase, Bellows, Bedell, Hazen, Morey, Johnson and Wheelock, rendered distinguished ser- vice on many fields, Amidst all this confusion, distrust, uncertainty for the present and future. internecine strife and public danger, we can but wonder how the scattered settlers bore their difficult part in the struggle for independence and main- tained themselves so well in this great wilderness frontier. While the courts were closed the King’s Common Pleas judges were vari- ously occupied. Chief Justice Hurd was the member of the Committee of Safety for the county of Grafton. He took a prompt and positive stand for the cause of independency and was the minister of war for the northern sec- tion of the Province until his influence was undermined by the New State fac-- tion which surrounded him in the Connecticut valley. (Province Papers, Vol. 10, p. 318.) Judge Woodward was engineering the scheme for annexation of Vermont to New Hampshire or the western New Hampshire towns to Ver mont, in either of which events the capital should be established in the Con- necticut valley and in the vicinity of Dartmouth college. Judge Hobart was in the saddle at the front, pounding the scales of justice with the sword ; and: Judge Porter was considerably occupied with the case that was pending. against himself on the charge of toryism. The first reorganization of this court was in 1782, when Samuel Emerson,. Ezekiel Ladd, James Woodward and Enoch Page were made judges, with George Willamson Livermore, of Holderness, which was then annexed to the county, as clerk. The record is that the causes pending in this court at the April term, 1775, were brought forward. They were ten in number. The Vermont controversy and the war with the mother country having ended almost contemporaneously, and the courts having been reopened, the people lost no time in waking the causes of litigation that had slumbered during the progress of the conflict at arms. There was ample material in the: confused state of the Royal grants of the townships and the subdivisions un- der them. The people had for a considerable time realized the necessity of a. more regular administration of justice. An illustration of this may be found in the petition of Enoch Bartlett, now published in Hammond’s Town Papers, Vol. 12, p. 180. He said “a sort of banditti” had pillaged his mill {See the interesting and exhaustive paper on Colonel Fenton by Charles R. Corning, Proceedings of Grafton and Coos Bar Association. BENCH AND BAR. 39 at Northumberland, and that he had “suffered much at the town of Bath in said county for that he could not enforce the contract against his tenant :” and. was put to trouble to prevent him from getting possession again without leave ; “that_a due consideraton of the many instances of Fraud, Injustice and oppression that prevails in that County since the laws were suppress’d— will influence You to Make the Necessary Provision Pray’d for.” It is not certain who was the first lawyer to locate in the county. Jonathan Mitchell Sewall, the poet lawyer, was made register of probate in 1773, pre- sumably with a view to his location in the county, but he soon resigned the office and continued in practice at Portsmouth. Moses Dow succeeded Mr. Sewall as register of probate in 1774, holding the office continuously till 1808, when his son succeeded him. Gen. Dow was in all probability the first perma- nently settled lawyer in the county. The Register for 1787-88, names only three in Graftun—Moses Dow, at Haverhill, John Porter, at Plymouth, and Aaron Hutchinson, at Lebanon. The local bar gradually increased in num- bers and ability. Something concerning each is given in articles relating par- ticularly to what may be termed the law towns. No attempt, however, can be successfully made in the space allotted to this subject to give in detail the characteristics and accomplishments of the gentlemen of the profession who have given the bar of Grafton county the prestige it has enjoyed before the courts and people of the State for the past hundred years. One of the most discriminating and authoritative records of the state of our jurisprudence in the latter part of the eighteenth century is given in the life of William Plumer. In legal equipment the disparity is shown to have been very wide between the members of the court and the leaders of the bar. The salaries paid the judges were insufficient. It was as much the usage of the times to appoint clergymen, physicians and merchants to the bench, as professional lawyers, It is asserted on excellent authority that the laymen were the better judges. This was because the lawyers who were competent could not afford to take places in the courts. From 1782 to 1790 Samuel Livermore was chief justice ;* but of him it is said (‘‘ Life of Plumer,” p. 151,) that “though bred to the law, he was not inclined to attach much importance to precedents, or to any merely systematic or technical rules of procedure,” In a manu- ® Since the Revolution six of the chief justices of the highest court have been identified with the Grafton county bar as local practicioners, viz.: Samuel Livermore, 1782 to 1790; Arthur Livermore, 1809 to 1813; Andrew S. Woods, 1855; Ira Perley, .1855 to 1859 and 1864; Henry A. Bellows, 1869 to 1873; J. E. Sargent, 1873 to 1874. -Arthur Livermore, William H. Woodward, Jonathan Kittredge, were chief justices of circuit courts. Nearly all the gentlemen named as chief justices of common law courts, also served as associate justices. ‘To the list of associate justices who had been local members of the bar of this county, may be added the names of Nathaniel G. Upton, at one time of Bristol, Leonard Wilcox, of Orford, Ellery A. Hibbard, at one time of Plymouth, George A. Brigham, of Littleton, A. P. Carpenter, of Bath, Charles R. Morrison, of Haverhill, Josiah Minot, of Bristol, Edward D. Rand, of Lisbon, and Isaac N. Blodgett, of Canaan. \ 40 GRAFTON COUNTY. script report, which I have, of one of his charges, I find him cautioning the jury against “ paying too much attention to the niceties of the law. to the prejudice of justice,” a caution of which jurors do not ordinarily stand much inneed. He was himself governed little by precedents. When once reminded of his own previous decision in a similar case, he made no attempt to reconcile it with his present ruling, but dismissed at once the objection with the familiar proverb, “Every tub must stand on its own bottom.” If he paid little attention to the decisions of his own court, he was not likely to defer much to those of other tribunals. The question was once argued before him as to the authority of the English law reports, and he then decided that those of a date prior to the Declaration of Independence might be cited here, not as authorities, but as enlightening by their reasonings the judgment of the court; but that those of a later date we had absolutely nothing to do with. , The salary of the chief justice at this time was six hundred dollars. Liver- more was succeeded as chief justice by Josiah Bartlett, a physician. Of him we are told that ‘when the law was with the plaintiff, and equity seemed to him to be on the other side, he was sure to pronounce in favor of the latter.” The object of the law being in all cases to do justice as between the parties, that must, he said, be law, which in any given case conduced to this end. It was, at any rate, better to be governed by a right principle than by a wrong decision. The next chief justice, from 1790 to 1795, was John Pickering, who was a well read lawyer. His successors have all been of the same pro- fession, though one of them, Simeon Olcott, who held the office from 1795 to 1801, was more distinguished for the uprightness of his intention than his knowledge of the law. ‘ In his office of judge,” says his biographer, “‘ he mani- fested less regard for the letter of the law than for the spirit of equity.” This is a mild way of saying what was often true, that he made the law to suit the case. ‘ The Common Pleas in Grafton county was reénforced in 1785 by the res- toration of Prof. Bezaleel Woodward to his plac2 in the court. His associates for many years were Samuel Emerson, of Plymouth, chief, and James Wood- ward and Ezekiel Ladd, both of Haverhill, From what the contemporary writers says of the Supreme Court it would seem that matters once heard by Judge Woodward's court would not ordinarily be bettered by appeal. The local bar of Grafton were assisted by the legal giants of the day,— Jeremiah Mason, Jeremiah Smith, William Plumer, Sullivan and their con- temporaries. Later on came Webster, Bartlett and Woodbury. Those were the days of the circuit riders, when the people flocked to court as for a holiday, to behold the encounter of the great men and to listen to forensic eloquence which will not be excelled in this matter of fact age. Mr. Curtis, in his “ Life of Webster,” says: “It is not easy to determine whether Mr, Webster's first speech, which he says was made when his father “ was on the bench,” was made in the Common Pleas Court, of which his father was judge, ‘ BENCH AND BAR. 41 or in the Superior Court of Judicature of which the Hon. Jeremiah Smith was chief justice. The local tradition in the county of Grafton at the period of Mr. Webster’s death, was that his first cause was a case of some notoriety that was tried in 1805, at Plymouth, in the Superior Court and that Judge Smith was on the bench. If this was the case in which his father heard him, Judge Webster must have been invited to take a seat on the bench accord- ing tothe usual courtesy, but he could not been present in his official capacity, as he was a member of an Inferior Court. Nor could his son, in the year 1805, have been entitled to argue a case before the jury in the Superior Court, since he was not admitted as a counselor of that court till 1807. On the other hand there is something more authentic than a tradition, respecting a case which was tried before Chief Justice Smith in what was then the county of Hillsborough, in 1806, and in which Mr. Webster was allowed to take the part of a junior counsel ; and it is after hearing him in this case that Judge _ Smith is said to have remarked on leaving the court house, that ‘he had never before met such a young man as that.’ Both of these were civil cases. There is also an account of a very powerful speech which he made in defense of a person indicted for murder and tried in the Superior Court of Grafton county. It is said that the senior counsel abandoned the cause after hearing the evidence, leaving to Mr. Webster the whole burden of summing up to the jury. But it is scarcely needful to trace the precise degree of accuracy with which these several accounts have come down to us, or to determine which of them is to be regarded as his first cause. It is enough to know that before he left the interior of the State, he had produced an impression which is even now not effaced, and that different counties have contended for the honor of having been the scene of his first efforts atthe bar.” The inference from the incident given in Morrison’s life of Chief Justice Smith, p. 179, would seem to be that the place of Webster’s first trial was not in Grafton county, though this authority does not in terms contradict the common tradition. In the older counties, debt, discontent and the demoralization of army life, created open sedition soon after the declaration of peace. Beside an unlimited issue of paper money and a general division of property, a large party of malcontents demanded the abolition of lawyers. Grafton county had had only two or three at that time and could not well raise mobs for this cause.* Those that arose for the practice of the law in the county were taught in the rough arena were the giants contended. As a result of such * tutilage, the local leaders in Grafton at length became a match for all comers and have so maintained themselves to the present time. As would be expected the re-opening of the courts was soon followed by litigations on the old questions which Livius raised against Wentworth. The validity of the forfeitures which had been declared by himself or the council *Certainly in Canaan and Orford, and probably in other towns, there was much oppo- sition manifested to the settlement of any lawyer in the community, even at a much later date. 42 , “GRAFTON COUNTY. was again tested. Dartmouth college had a grant of Landaff and the same territory had been previously granted by Benning Wentworth to other parties: : Settlers were in, claiming under both titles. Bouton’s collection of Town: and State Papers, Vol. ro, p. 412, under the title Landaff, shows how serious the strife was on this account in’ that township. A decision was reached which ousted the college and restored the proprietors of the first grant. In other towns the situation was similar to that in Landaff. We cannot wonder at ‘the consternation and indignation that followed this decision. The settlers had purchased their lands in good faith, they had transformed the rocky wil- derness of the mountain country into productive farms and comfortable homes, in the midst of hardships and dangers of which we can have but a faint appre- ciation. The law was of course defied and the court denounced in vigorous terms. The grievances of the settlers under Morristown are vigorously set forth in John Taylor’s petitions to the General Court (Hammond’s Papers, Vol. 2, Title Franconia,) in the course of which he says “ they have been de- feated in the possession of the land granted to them dy an alteration in our judt- cial determinations.” Even in these days of enlightened jurisprudence, something similar to the complaint of John Taylor is occasionally heard; the utterance comes still with equal vehemence if not with equal cause. The settlers relied . on the juries and often got relief from the suits brought by the proprietors, on technicalities and on account of betterments. That was at a time when the jury was no inconsiderable part of the court. The act of February 6, 1789, empowered the Superior Court of Judicature to try any causes relating to forfeitures of lands within this State and to judge and decree as a Court of Chancery. in certain cases. The relations of the Church and State furnished a plentiful source of. liti- gation. The biographer of Plumer says :— “The Congregational clergy in the State had been originally settled by the towns or parishes where they preached ; and the inhabtants were all taxed for their support. But many individuals of their congegations having now come Baptists, Methodists or Universalists, were no longer willing to pay for preach- ing which they did not attend. Property had been taken in many cases in dis- traint for taxes so assessed, and suits were commenced to ascertain the rights of the parties. The sectarists were nearly all Republicans: while the Congrega- tionalists, especially the clergy, were generally Federalists. The Constitution of 1792 was intended to secure to all religious denominations the most perfect religious freedom, and:to prevent the “subordination of any one sect or de- nomination to another.” But much was yet to be done with both courts and juries, especially the great mass of the religious community, before the equality of all sects in the eye of the law and their independence of each other could be brought home to the understandings of the people, and carried out in courts of law to its practical results. These religious prosecutions were among the most important means, though not so designed, for effecting this desirable ob- ject. It was not, however, till the Toleration Act of 1819 that full effect was given to those principles of religious freedom.” The court might be Congregationalists or Federalist, or both. The juries were almost certain to contain some of these elements. The difficulty BENCH AND BAR. 43 which a secretary would encounter in proving himself to be of ‘ another per- suasion, sect or’denomination,” would be formidable. Judge Wingate, for illustration, charged juries that there must be some greater difference than that which separated Calvinists from Universalists. They were both Chris- tians, agreeing in more points than they differed: both were Christians and consequently must support the’same minister. This interpretation of the law raised a species of protective tariff in favor of the standing order. It was regarded as an infant industry, which though already privileged for a hundred ‘years under the law, must not be crushed by outside competition. Woes in- numerable were foretold if the Toleration Act should be carried. Prominent divines said it would be equivalent to a decree to burn the bibles and close ‘ the doors of the churches. Undoubtedly this law was a source of profit to the legal profession. Yet Plumer and other leaders at the bar upheld the agitation and assisted in accomplishing the reform of 1819. Grafton county furnished two notable advocates of the Toleration Act. These were Dr. Thomas Whipple, the eminent physician of Wentworth, who was both able and eloquent, and Rev. Daniel Young, of Lisbon, the famous itinerant Methodist minister. Dr. Whipple championed the measure in the house and it bears his name. Young was sent to the Senate five terms in succession from the Grafton district, and advocated the Toleration Act from the introduction of the proposition until its enactment. He devotes a chapter to the subject in his biography. This reform was partly social, religious, political and legal. Another controversy somewhat involved in it and prosecuted in the same period, was the Dartmouth college case. That was beyond question the most iraportant litigation that ever has originated in this county or with which its people or institutions have ever been intimately connected. It was at a time when Judge Story could listen in his Circuit Court with undissembled admiration and delight, to what he called “the vast law learning and the pro- digious intellectual power, of the New Hampshier bar.” “ Webster,” referring to the same period, “after practicing in the first courts of the Union, told ‘Choate that he never met anywhere else abler men than some of those who initiated him into the rugged discipline of the New Hampshire courts.” ‘Vastly important as was the issue, the bar of New Hampshire was equal to it. Hon. John M. Shirley, a prominent practitioner at the bars of Merrimack and Grafton counties, has in his recent work, Zhe'Dartmouth College Cases, earned the distinction of being the historian of that extraordinary litigation.* * This, the only college in the state, was established at Hanover in this county in 1769. Her great defender in this litigation was her foremost son, Chief Justice Chase, and a multitude of other eminent lawyers were also educated at Darmouth. Chapman’s Biog- raphies of the graduates gives the names and many details of each career. The address of Chief Justice Perly, published in the proceedings of the centennial celebration of the foundation of the college, contains a’ more general treatment of the same subject. Another valuable contribution to the department of legal biography is the series of memorial ad- dresses upon the lives of destinguished judges, then deceased, who had been graduates of the college, published in 1880. ¢ 44 "GRAFTON COUNTY. It engaged the greatest legal talent of the age; it was determined by. the great judges who made the Constitution what it has become by construction, in the jurisprudence and political fabric of the Federal Union ; and its far reaching consequence cannot yet be measured. The following summary is contributed by Mr. Shirley, who has attempted to condense the statement of that case within the space here allotted :— From the beginning, arms have reconstructed the political map of the world. They have moulded the policy and shaped the course and destinies alike of empires, kingdoms and republics. Legal warefare has not unfre- quently had the same effect where the form of government was not personal . but rested upon written constitutions. Since the existence of the Federal Union no judgment has ever been ren- dered so far reaching in its consequences as the decision in the Dartmouth college causes which arose in Grafton county. These decisions not only put all state agreements and grants upon the same basis as private contracts, but made the Constitution of the United States retroactive, and a part of all these arrangements entered into before its existence, and put it beyond the power of their Creator to impair them. Many things which relate to these famous lawsuits cannot be properly un- derstood without a brief history of the steps which resulted in their insti- tution. | In 1735 Eleazer Wheelock settled in what is now Columbia, Conn. He had become a christian and stood in the van of what is known in religious circles in New England as the “the great awakening of 1740.” He was set- tled on an insufficient salary over the church at Columbia where he remained till late in 1770. To eke out a livelihood he kept a private school consisting of a few pupils. Among those, December, 1743, was the Indian, Sampson Occum. Occum became a christian and proficient in his studies and after- wards a noted preacher both at home and in Great Britain. Wheelock was of cleanly life, deep religious convictions, a staunch Presby- terian, but tolerant to those whose doctrinal views differed from his own. He was a man of marked ability and possessed great knowledge of men, and tact and sagacity in dealing with them. He believed that his duty to God required him to devote his life to christianizing the Indians. To this end: he devoted his whole life with all the fervor of a religious enthusiast. To this everything else was subsidiary. On July 17, 1855, Joshua Moor, a farmer of Mansfield, Conn., gave a house, shop, and two acres of land ‘‘for the foundation, use and support of an Indian charity school.” From this humble origin sprang ‘* Moor’s Indian charity school,” which has still at Hanover, N H., a legal but nominal ex- istence. Funds for this school were gathered slowly at first from the Colo- nies and the mother country. To facilitate this, Smith and other eminent friends of Wheelock here and elsewhere, suggested a charter. None could be . obtained from the crown of Great Britian nor an act of incorporation from BENCH AND BAR. 45: the legislature of Connecticut, which the crown officers affirmed to be the: proper authority. The next step was to secure a charter, not from the King or from the legis- lature of New Hampshire, but from the Governor of the latter Province,. whose power to grant one was to say the least very questionable, and from neither his own nor the zealous clergy of the dominant religious denomina- tion in New Hampshire had ever been able to obtain one for themselves. Wheelock, with the assistance of his accomplished legal friends, framed a. draft for such a charter for the Indian school, and an academy at Hanover. It was changed in some essential particulars by the former in conformity with the views of his legal advisor. At the suggestion of Wheelock the term “ college” was substituted for ‘‘ academy” in the draft. More than £12,000- had been collected for this Indian school. The bulk of these funds was held: in trust by the trustees in the mother country, and these were still left in their hands. They had been collected specifically for Moor’s Indian school and not for any academy, college or university. On December 13, 1769, the Governor granted the re-constructed charter of Dartmouth college. Of this the trustees of the funds for the school and the King were wholly ignorant. The trustees, with the Earl of Dartmouth at their head, when they found out what had been done, were much dissatisfied,. and the Earl protested that Wheelock was “going beyond the line by which both you and we are circumscribed.” Ina word, that Wheelock was attempt- ing to pervert the trust. The trustees of the college voted that they had no- control over the Indian school, and hence the funds were long kept separate. There had been a struggle as to whether the school should be located on the Mississippi, at Albany, N. Y., Springfield, Mass., or at Landaff, Bath, Haverhill, Piermont, Lyme, Orford, Hanover, Lebanon, Cornish, Hinsdale, Canaan, Plymouth, Rumney, or Campton, or other towns in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The Governor and trustees preferred Landaff, but yielded to Wheelock who by dint of good management caused it to be located at Hanover. The Governor undoubtedly desired to make the institution a university and to give its authorities the domination over the college town exercised by those of Cambridge and Oxford, and in this Wheelock heartily concurred. The corporation was duly organized on October 22, 1770. The charter declared Dr. Wheelock the founder, made him the first president, and auth or- ized him by his last will to appoint his successor. Wheelock and the trusteets of the college acted in harmony, and the. church (Presbyterian) at Hanover, the Indian school, and the college, were ptactically under the personal government of Wheelock until his death, on April 24, 1779, when John ‘Wheelock, son of Eleazer, became, by force of his father’s will, his dynastic successor, and retained the office until on August 26, 1815, when, against the earnest protests of Jeremiah Mason, he was removed by a hostile majority of the trustees, after a service of thirty-six. 46 GRAFTON COUNTY. ‘years. On August 28th, Rev. Francis Brown was elected in his stead. . This was the culmination of troubles between Wheelock and a minority which for -six years had been a majority in the board of trustees. Political and religious differences were not the primal source of these troubles for the second Whee- lock, and nearly all the trustees were federalists, and professed the same ‘religious faith. It was the result of personal antagonism and a determin- ation, as Judge Crosby put it, “to rid the board and the college of the family dynasty.” The result, as Mason, whose penetrative power bordered close upon inspir- -ation, foresaw, opened Pandora’s box, made the cause of Wheelock and the ‘trustees the personal quarrel of thousands who had never known either, and brought in legal, constitutional, personal, party, and religious differences to swell the angry stream by a flood. The agitation drove the federalists, who had controlled the organization of ‘their party, from power, and made an old-time federalist governor. In his message of June 6, 1816, he brought the college question to the attention of the legislature, which, after a most determined struggle on the part of the able men who championed the cause of the trustees, amended the charter of the college, changed the name to university, provided for enlarging the board of _ trustees to twenty-one, and for the creation of a board of overseers of twenty-: five, and required the president and professors to take an oath to support the constitution of the United States and of New Hampshire. The trustees and their friends were at first in doubt whether to bend tothe legislative will or defy it, but finally determined to contest every inch of the ground, and did so, Oa February 8, 1817, the trustees brought an action of “trespass on the case,” in the Court of Common Pleas, for the county-of Grafton, against Will- iam H. Woodward, of Hanover, the chief justice of that court, and former secretary of the college, for the conversion of certain books and records of the corporation and its seal. The damages were laid at $50,000, and a chair valued at $1.00 was attached. This case was entered at the February term, 1817, and was transferred to the May term of the Superior Court. It was argued at this term by Mason and Judge Smith for the trustees, and by the attorney-general, Sullivan, and perhaps Ichabod Bartlett, for the defendant, and was continued for further argument to the September term of the court, at Exeter, in the county of Rockingham, where the argument lasted for two days. Mason occupied two, Judge Smith four, and Daniel Webster who had ‘the close, a little less than two hours. The argument of Mr. Webster, was ‘one or the most brilliant and eloquent of. his eventful life. The attorney- general and Bartlett occupied three hours. The judges continued the cause for advisement till the November term, at Plymouth. On November 6, 1817, Chief Justice Richardson read the unanimous opinion of the court sustaining ‘the act of the legislature. In form the case was taken from this term to the: Supreme Court of the United States, upon the special verdict of ajury, but in BENCH AND BAR, 47 fact there was no trial, but a special verdict was drawn up by Judge Smith, and agreed to by the attorney-general, and filed December 29, 1817. It was argued before the federal Supreme Court at Washington, on March 10, 1818, by Judge Hopkinson and Webster for the trustees, and discussed by John Holmes and William Wirt for the defendant. On March 73, 1818, Chief Justice Marshall announced that the judges were unable to agree, and that the cause must be continued for a year. The friends of the university, dissatisfied with the way in which their cause had been handled, employed William Pinkney, of Maryland, the only man who could meet Webster before that court on equal, grounds, to re-argue the cause, Early in November he gave notice to the opposing counsel, that he should move for a re-argument, and made the most elaborate preparation for it. All the judges knew it. On the morning of February 2, 1819, the instant six of the judges had taken their seats, the chief justice commenced reading hisfamous opinion, which sustained the trustees at all points. One of the judges was absent. Judge Duvall dissented, and the other four “concurred in the result,” but delivered no opinions. Some of their essays on the subject were afterwards filed with the clerk, and published in the reports. Mr. Web- ster forthwith followed up his advantage, by moving that judgment be entered up as of the last term, Judge Woodward having died during the vacation. Mr. Pinkney opposed it upon the ground that he wanted to avail himself of a stipulation in the case, and to argue the questions in the other suits which Mr. Webster had caused to be instituted, and which he thought could be sus- tained upon other grounds than those raised by the first case. The court refused to hear Mr. Pinkneys and Mr. Webster refused to allow the case to be amended according to the stipulations, and forced Mr. Pinkney to consent that the other causes should be “remanded to the circuit court for the district of New Hampshire, for further proceedings.” On May t, 18109, Judge Story, sitting in the circuit court, rendered an elaborate opinion in these causes, and ‘soon after ordered judgments against the defendants. Technically this was the end of these causes. These judgments over- turned the university and established or re-established the college. Great changes had been wrought since these controversies had arisen. The war- fare at College Plain had been bitterer than in the courts. Old friends had become alienated and old enemies had become friends. The newspapers were full of gibes by one party against the other. Social intercourse in some intances had been broken off. Wheelock went to his grave in an early stage of the litigation. Judge Woodward followed him in a little more than a year, and President Brown early in 1820. After Marshall’s opinion the old trus- tees, on February 8, 1819, without waiting for a judgment, took possesion and reasserted their domination over the buildings, etc., which had been controlled by the university. : The decision was put by the Supreme Court upon the ground that the act of the legislature impaired the obligation of contracts and was, therefore, 48 GRAFTON COUNTY. ‘ prohibited by the federal constitution. This was not the original view en- tertained by Mr. Webster. He regarded the strong ground as the one on which the.suits which he caused to be instituted in the federal court were based, to-wit: that the legislative act transcended the general principles upon which our form of government rests. To review all orfany considerable portion of the causes which have been decided upon the clause referred to, would not only overstep the limits of an article of this kind, but serve no good pur- pose. These decisions must be analyzed, compared, and then studied to- gether. Great differences have arisen between the judges of the Supreme Court upon this question. Some of the judges have dissented, and others, like Chief Justice Chase, who did not believe that the decision in Trustees zs. Woodward was sound, have been restive under the authority of that case and have been the means, under the guise of distinctions more or less subtle or refined, of withdrawing a host of causes from the grasp of the foundation principle laid down by Judge Marshall. In Sturges vs. Crowinshield a com- promise was effected among the judges upon a great constitutional principle. In Ogden vs. Saunders, Judge Marshall, for the first time since the decision in what was in effect the Moot case of Fletcher vs. Peck, failed to carry a majority of the court with him. The accession of Chief Justice Taney, prefigured a change in the course of decisions in that court. The case of Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge was felt by all the judges to be a great departure from the application of the principles referred to. There can be no doubt, had Marshall lived, the decision would have been the other way. Judge Story dissented, feeling that the constitutional doctrines formerly held by that court were fading away, and in consequence he became very desirous of resigning his great office. The so-called Granger cases, and those that have followed in their train, wrought another revolution. These cases, while affirming the general power of the State to tie itself by contract-grants, hold that that power does not apply where the police,power of a state is concerned. That this loose and ill-defined attribute of sovereignty, unlike others, cannot constitutionally be made the subject of bargains and sale, or be knocked off under the hammer, and therefore hold that the so-called Granger legislation, which regulated the con- trol of railroads and gave a board of commissioners the power to determine grima facia what should be a reasonable tariff, is not prohibited by the Fed- eral constitution. There has from the first been an ebb and flow in the tide of judicial opinion in the highest tribunal in the land, but as a rule that. court has been swift to see a contract in a grant, charter and the like, and slow to release one from the operation of the obligation clause of the con- stitution. Under the varying. decisions the court practically has the power to- treat a contract as binding or not, and views of public policy seem to domi- nate in determining that question. The departure in the Granger cases and in the case of the Boston Beer Company vs. Massachusetts, has been succeeded by various decisions like those in the New Orleans Gas-light Company vs. ‘ BENCH AND BAR. 49 Louisiana Light and Heat Producing and Manufacturing Co., and the New Orleans Water Works Company vs. Rivers, decided at the October term, 1885, which seem to go far in the opposite direction and give quite as stringent an interpretation to the constitutional provision as that in the college causes. And probably from the very nature of things this must go on to the end. And thus the decision in Judge Woodward's case is likely to be as immortal as the memory of the republic. A marked reform in the administration of the law, followed the appoint- ment of Jeremiah Smith to the office of chief justice in 1802. By reserving important questions of law, and the preparation and filing or publication of the written opinions of the judges, greater certainty and consistency was attained. In the next fifteen years political and other considerations impelled the legislature to make several successive changes in the judicial system ; and in that period the tenure of the judges was uncertain and dependent, in a measure, on party supremacy. From thetime of the restoration of the courts in 1782, to 1816, the bar of the county gradually increased in numbers, and was strengthened in professional ability. Among the principal resident prac- titioners, besides those already named, were Aaron Hutchinson, Arthur Liver- more, Alden Sprague, John Porter, Jr., Benjamin J. Gilbert, William Wood- ward, Payson, Thomas Thompson, Phineas Walker, Richard C. Everett, of Lancaster,* Abiathar G. Britton, Jeduthun Wilcox, Mills Olcott, George Woodward, Henry Hutchinson, David Smiley, Swan, Joseph E. Dow, Moses Dow, Jr., David Sloan, Pettingill, John Nelson, James Hutchinson, Ira Good- all, John Rogers, Ira Young, S. C. Webster, and Joseph Bell. The court established in 1816, continued for the longest period of any in the history of the State, without ‘‘overthrow by political tornadoes.” Its opinions on questions of law were published with only occasional, or perhaps accidental, checks. From 1816 to 1840 ten volumes of decisions were re- ported. Those for a previous period were preserved in manuscript, by Judge Smith, but not published till recently. These ten volumes are a very good index to the personnel of the bar of that time, and indicate the character of the litigation of the county. It appears to have been largely in the depart- ment of commercial law, and the law of real property. Many points of pleading, practice and evidence were tested. The rights and duties of towns under the pauper law received considerable attention. Other corporate bodies contributed to the causes on the dockets ; and, with the multiplication of cor- porations, this class of litigation rapidly increased. The first ten volumes of reports contain opinions in not less than 267 cases from Grafton county. In those years it is understood that a very small portion of the causes actually in suit were transferred to the law terms. The clerk’s dockets indicate an entry of some 1,100 cases at asingle term. Now the term entries will not average 120, including equity matters, in the county. The business in Justice Courts then *Coos County was organized in 1805, under the act of corporation of 1853. 5° GRAFTON COUNTY. was immense. Now it is comparatively nothing.* Many attorneys became wealthy by prosecuting the business of collectors. It was customary to sue every claim in the office once or twice a year. The claim would of course, increase by the addition of costs and interest, in rapid arithmetical pro- gression. The law of exemptions of persons and property from seizure, in its liberal modern growth, and the refuge provided in courts of bankruptcy and insolvency, have compelled the lawyers to look elsewhere than in the business of collections for simple sustenance, to say nothing of wealth. The minutes of council in the printed reports may not designate all the leaders in the business of collections. ‘Those who excelled in the science of the law, of course, were heard in the trial of the issues of law. Of the councilin the law cases, as shown by an examination of the first ten volumes of reports, the counselors from abroad, who most frequently appeared in this county, were Jeremiah Smith, Ezekiel Webster, Richard Fletcher, Parker Noyes, Levi Woodbury, Ichabod Bartlett, and Joel Parker. Their contemporaries in the county, who are oftenest mentioned inthe records of the law trials, were Bell, Sloan and Nelson, of Haverhill; Blaisdell and Freeman, of Lebanon; Gil- bert, Perley, Olcutt and Haddock, of Hanover ; Walker, Thompson and N. P. Rogers, of Plymouth; Bradley and N. G. Upham, of Bristol; Bellows and Ainsworth, of Littleton; Britton and Wilcox, of Orford; Kittredge and Weeks, of Canaan; Quincy, of Rumney; Payson, Swan, Jonathan Smith, Goodall, and Woods, of Bath. Some of these, it is presumed, were in the law courts principally as juniors, and are named in the reports rather as attorneys of records than as having been responsible for the brief or argu- ment. Joseph Bell appears as of counsel in as least 176 of the 267 Grafton cases reported in the first ten volumes of the New Hampshire Reports. This remarkablé record would be augmented by continuing the examination of the the records of the cases in the later reports. Since 1840 more than six- sevenths of the whole body of the case law of the State has been added. Grafton county has furnished its full proportion. Counsel from abroad have had considerable dockets in this later period ; but this has resulted, in a great measure, from considerations of convenience to clients.— The early neces- sity of calling in leading counsel from other counties has, in the later times, been very nearly reversed. The history of the administration of the law in our own time is complicated by the rapidly increasing domain of corporate action. Municipal agencies multiply. The individual is made subordinate to the social connections, and the great mass of the accumulated wealth of the people is yielding its return through the instrumentality of a thousand forms of corporate organization unknown to the earlier lawyers and legisla- * See also ‘‘Statistics of Litigation, ” Appendix to Senate and House Journal, N. H.,1860, r- 731 ; same 1886, (Report of Minority of Com. p. 844.) + See for summary of the later progress of the administratiou of the law in New Hamp- shire, address of Daniel Barnard, Proceedings of Grafton and Coos Bar Association, p.87. BENCH AND BAR. 58 tors. The interests of these innumerable agencies, coming in hostile contact’ with each other, or with the individual and the body politic, in every direction, must continue to exhaust the industry of the bar, and'the wisdom of the courts. To ascertain rights and limit encroachments of all these complicated modern activities, will demand of those who shall adopt the profession of law,. no less of integrity, learning and industry, and indeed of genius, than belonged to our predecessors who stand out in history as the founders of our jurispru- dence. The administration of the criminal law in this county has been marked by substantially the same features as are elsewhere observed. A glimpse of the methods that obtained among the Indian occupants of the: Connecticut valley in dealing with capital offenses, is permitted by the light. of traditions preserved in local histories. A remnant of the St. Francis tribe, whose home had been at Cods before the French and Indian war, returned to the vicinity after the close of hostilities. The story of several tradgedies among them is told by Rev. Grant Powers. One of the most vicious of this remnant was a low browed fellow named Toomalek. In a fit of jealousy, in- tending to kill his rival, one Mitchel, he stealthily came upon Mitchel who. wAs sitting with his bride, Lewa, by the fire in the evening, and without warn- ing shot at and wounded him, and by the same discharge killing Lewa. Mitchel recovered. A trial was had after the Indian customs. The president of the court was an influential and cruel old warrior, known as Captain John. Toomalek was acquitted, Judge Jokn holding that the killing of Lewa was no. murder, for it was not intentional, and, though he meant to kill Mitchel, he did not succeed, and of course that was no capital crime. This court did not trouble themselves with questions of emotional insanity. Toomalek was encouraged by this result to follow up the business of manslaughter. Mitchel had married another dusky maiden as attractive, perhaps, as Lewa. Toomalek, accompanied by a white man and a bottle of firewater, visited Mitchel’s wigwam. Mitchel drank much and Toomalek litttle. When Mitchel ° had taken so much that he was practically helpless, Toomalek encouraged him in the utterance of some bitter reproaches against the former for the murder of Lewa, and the quarrel in words resulted in Mitchel’s making a feeble pass at Toomalek with a knife. Toomalek promptly made this the occasion for dispatching Mitchel on the spot. Toomalek had his trial and was. acquitted because Mitchel made the first assault and Toomalek argued that he killed Mitchel in self defence. Old John again saved the life of Toomalek.. Retribution however soon followed both. A party of Indians were on the Haverhill side near the old court-house. Pi-al, the son of Captain John, had some bantering talk with a young squaw from Newbury, She took umbrage at some of Pi-al’s sallies, and going aside with Teomalek whispered with him. Toomalek returned to Pi-al, and as he was walking by his side drew a long. knife and by a back-hand’*stroke plunged it into Pi-al’s throat. Pi-al fell dead a few rods away. Old John was almost frantic with agony when he learned. 52 GRAFTON COUNTY. that Toomalek had killed his son Pi-al. He confessed his sin in sparing the life of Toomalek. The next day in the forenoon a court was called to try Toomalek. All the evidence was taken and it was unanimously agreed that he was guilty and must be shot. They sent a deputation to Rev. Mr. Powers to learn whether that decision was agreeablé to the word of God. The minis- ter heard the evidence and affirmed their judgment. “ By the Indian law, ‘Old John must be the executioner as he was the nearest by blood to the slain and he must avenge the blood of his son. The ground floor of the old court- house* was the place designated for the execution. Toomalek came to the place himself, without guard or attendance, where John stood in readiness with his loaded musket. He seated himself upon the floor, said his Catholic prayers, covered his eyes and said ‘mack bence;’ that is, ‘kill me quick,’ John stepped forward, put the muzzle of his gun near his head and he was dead in an instant.” The celerity with which justice was meted out in this case is one of the notable features of the proceedings. Toomalek had the benefit of two great miscarriages of justice. But in the comparison of results -of the civilized and barbarous methods of dealing with such offenders, some things will occur to those familiar with modern instances which may tend to decrease the disparity. . The Kings court, in Grafton county administered a severe code of criminal law. There were many cruel and unusual punishments, including whippings, brandings, cutting and piercing of ears, wearing letters on conspicuous parts of the outer garments, as a perpetual evidence of conviction, sales of convicts into servitude, and a large list of offences punishable with death.f In the case of King vs. C N , June, 1774, isa record stealing one yard -of cloth, trial by jury, verdict guilty sentence to pay ten shillings fine or be whipped ten stripes by the public whipper ; also to pay complainant nine shil- lings, being trebble the value of the stolen goods, costs, etc., and in default of ‘payment of the nine shillings to be sold into servitude by complainant for six months. For forgery, the same party at the same term was sentenced to imprison- ment for one year without bail or mainprize and to be set in the pillory and to have one of his ears cut off. At the October term, 1783, respondent was found guilty of counterfeiting, sentenced to be set in a pillory and have an ear cut off and be imprisoned for one year. In May, 1796, State against Holmes, a transient person, there was.a ver- dict, guilty of horse stealing, and a sentence, ‘‘that he be marked with a line -of India ink well and deeply inserted, across the forehead from the hair of * Historical Sketches of the Coos Country, 2d edition, p. 183. + The criminal code of 1680 made fifteen crimes punishable with death, In 1718 there were but five. In 1791, there were eight. In 1812 the death penalty was abolished except for treason and murder, and in 1836 treason was taken from the list. # BENCH AND BAR. 53 the temple on one side to the hair of the temple on the other side, and with a line from the center of the line aforesaid to the tip end of the nose on the most prominent part thereof, and pay to the said Elisha Paine the sum of one hundred and seventy dollars, being two-fold of the value of the mare stolen, and costs, &c., &c.” Parties were often sentenced to be sold into servitude for specified terms, down to a time within the memory of men now living. As the office of county solicitor was not created till 1789, the court, in the absence of the State’s attorney, appointed some attorney to act for the time being. Moses Dow or Aaron Hutchinson was almost always the one named for this duty. The latter became the first county solicitor. Elsewhere in these pages a full list of the incumbents of this office is given. Several im- portant and closely contested trials of capital causes have occurred in the county. The trial of Cummings for wife murder in 1843 brought out some of the best legal talent that the State afforded and was the occasion of its fullest exercise. For th: State the counsel were Hon. L. B. Walker, attor- ney-general, and Harry Hibbard, Josiah Quincy, Leonard Wilcox and C. E. Thompson. The case was reported in full, with the confession of Cum- mings. The more recent case of State vs. Sawyer was twice tried and twice resulted in a verdict of disagreement. This will be regarded as one of the celebrated capital causes of this State. Hon. L. W. Clark, attorney-gen- eral, and Geo. F. Putnam, solicitor, represented the State, and John H. George and Harry Bingham made the defence. The ancient practice of circuit-riding generated among the practitioners a social element which is unknown in the metropolitan practice or that which is of the same style. The lawyer who attends to his business in court in rea- sonable hours in the day and never fails, except by some exceptional circum- stance, to spend his nights at home, has no such fellowship with his legal associates as would result from the long tours and intimate acquaintance of the old circuit riders. The northern counties of this State have preserved more of the necessities and habits of former times in this respect than their southern neighbors. The county seats are still in a measure isolated. Trial by jury survives in considerable vigor. Those who are engaged in contested cases are of necessity thrown together in close relations for protracted periods occupying a large part of their whole time. A certain esprit de corps neces- sarily results. Haverhill has always been one of the landmarks of the old time practice. Its court-house has been the scene of the display of the best legal talent of this and other counties. Its hotels have been the rendezvous of the wit and wisdom of the bench and bar, and within their hospitable: halls they have made merry for a hundred years. The reader will welcome the reproduction of a para- graph of reminiscences of some of the characters who have been familiarly known at this old county seat. The late William H. Duncan, Esq., of Hanover, in writing of the death of 4* 54 GRAFTON COUNTY. Mrs. Elizabeth T. Morgan, the widow of the late Dr. Morgan, of Haverhill, said: “ The bar of the county of Grafton will lose many of her reminiscences, so long treasured up in her memory, of the judges and distinguished lawyers who have been in the habit of attending the courts at Haverhill for the last forty years ; perhaps I may say that her recollection of some of them would extend back for half a century. When she was a child, or at any rate quite young, her opportunities for being acquainted with them were such as does. not often fall to the lot of many young women. For many long years her. father, and then her mother, kept one of the most famous hotels that was. ever kept in our State, where the judges and leading lawyers were accus- tomed to board. This house was burned at the March term of the court in 1848, and with it was burned out the last relic of the old colonial aristocracy and exclusiveness which lasted longer at this house than anywhere else in New Hampshire. It was a custom coming down from colonial times to have a room anda table set apart for the court and the bar, and to this judicial: and legal alliance no lay gentlemen were admitted, however great his wealth or high his social position. The young, unfledged lawyer, who owed his tailor for his coat on his back, was entitled to a seat at the table, but no millionaire was ever admitted into these legal precincts. “Mrs. Morgan’s recollections went back to the time, when, with a child’s. wonder and curiosity, she saw Mason drive up to the house in his ‘ one horse: shay,’ bringing along his huge person, and his still greater learning and intellect. And there, too, came Judge Smith, the great judge in Azs ‘one horse shay’ with his fun, his humor, and his genuine Scotch-Irish wit, ever ready with his joke, and his repartees, which scintillated and sometimes burned like the sparks from a blacksmith’s anvil. And there, too, came also- Governor, Senator, Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, with his handsome, ponderous person, full of labor and learning, Levi Woodbury. “And of the number came the late Judge Fletcher, who was, in the opinion of the late Judge Wilcox, the best advocate who ever appeared dt the Graf- ton bar. And there, too, drove up in his rather dilapidated ‘one horse shay,” which the writer well remembers, George Sullivan, the elder, so long the able and accomplished attorney-general of the State, still retaining in his dress the fashions of the Revolution of ’76, the small clothes, the white top boots, the queue, as well as the high bred, high tone courtesy of the olden time. I well recollect his voice and manner. His language was fluent, beautiful, and rapid. His silver-toned voice was an appropriate accompaniment to his poetical language. Having the same blood coursing in his veins which warmed and fired the hearts of the great Irish orators. I have -frequently thought—indeed I can have no doubt—that he possessed in a degree, more or less, the same power of graphic description—the same poetical imagery— the same beautiful language, the same sweet silver-toned voice, for which Flood, Grattan, Curran, and Emmett were so distinguished. I would not say that he was the ablest advocate who ever appeared at our bar, but I have: BENCH AND BAR, 55 no hesitation in saying that he was by far the most eloquent. Those who heard him might well say, when they went away, with the music of his voice still ringing in their ears, what Shakespeare makes the Archbishop of Can- terbury say to Bishop Ely in the Historical play of Henry the V. about the King: ‘ When he speaks, the air, a chartered. libertine, is still.’ “There, too, came Ichabod Bartlett, the skilfull and artistic advocate, who, when a case before a jury was about equally balanced, if he was for the plain- tiff, was pretty sure to carry the verdict away from his able competitor, the late Joseph Bell, although the latter was far the abler lawyer, and while Bart- lett carried away the verdict, Bell was as equally sure in carrying his law points against Bartlett, and by the way, when the writer of this sketch was admitted to the bar more than forty years ago, no lawyer lead off in the trial of a case of any importance, except Bell and Bartlett. It would have been looked upon as audacious presumption for any one else to have made such an attempt. Bell and Bartlett were emphatically the leaders of the bar, always pitted against each other. Bartlett had been in Congress and, when there, did not fear to measure swords with Henry Clay; and, it is said, sent Clay a challenge. When in Congress he gained the reputation of being an eloquent speaker, and an able parliamentarian. He possessed a wit that was as keen and trenchant as a Damascus blade; it was as spontaneous, quick and sud- den as the lightning flash, and in another respect it was heaven’s artillery, as some one has described it, when, he says, “it strikes, as well as dazzles.” Many of his witticisms and sarcasms will be long remembered by the bar of New Hampshire. I leave it for others to speak of his great competitor Joseph Bell. “But Mrs, Morgan’s acquaintance with the bench and the bar was with a later generation. From the decease of Chief Justice Richardson, in 1838, till within a few years, there was hardly a judge or a lawyer of our bar with whom she was not more or less acquainted,. and there was no season of the , year to which she looked forward with more pleasure than the sessions of the court. Having been so much accustomed to meet the legal fraternity not only at the ‘Old Towle Tavern.’ but also at Smith’s, where she so long lived with her. husband, and at her own house, she was, so to speak, ‘to the manor born,’ and it was usual for those who had long known her, always to call upon her whenever at court. She had no hesitation in saying that she liked the society of lawyers, and the feeling was reciprocal. There were Par- ker, and Perley, and Bellows, and Woods, and Britton, and Hibbard—I men- tion only the dead—of whom she often spoke with a deep sense of their loss. I well recollect how often she was in the habit of speaking of Judge Bellows and his delightful society. There was much in Judge Bellows to charm any woman of intelligence and refinement—his unvarying kindness of heart, his courtesy and gentlness of demeanor, and his deference and loyalty to the sex. “In calling up the memories of the judges and lawyers who have adorned and illustrated our bench and bar, I am reminded of what was said in the 56 GRAFTON COUNTY. “American Law Review,” in an article upon the life and labors of that great magistrate, Chief Justice Shaw, of Massachusetts. After speaking of his birth, and graduation at Harvard, is said that he studied his profession in Amherst, New Hampshire, “that cradle-land of lawyers.” In the past it has certainly deserved that title, what it may be now it would be hardly becom- ing in one of the present generation to say ; but we may hope and wish that its title so freely accorded may never be shaken. “In calling up these reminisences I may seem to have wandered from the subject with which I commenced, but they have naturally sprung from the thought that with the death of Mrs. Morgan, has also passed away so many delightful recollections of our bar and bench which can never be re- called.. Job said, ‘Oh, that my enemy should write a book.’ With as deep a wish I would say, Oh, that my friend would write a book, so that the recol- lections—the personal anecdotes, the sarcasms, the witticisms, the forensic triumphs of the bar, and the nobility, and authority, and influence of our bench might not pass away forever out of the minds and memories of men. We are too careless of the memories of our bench and bar. Why can we not be as ptoud of and careful to hand down to those who shall come after us the reputation—the character and services—I may well say the renown of our distinguished judges and lawyers, as our sister State of Massachusetts.” The bar of New Hampshire effected ‘a permanent organization at a conven- tion held at Concord, on the third Wednesday of June, 1788. Sixteen prac- titioners, from various parts of the State, were present in person, and the record mentions twelve more, who participated ‘“‘by their representatives.” John Porter and Aaron Hutchinson appeared from Grafton. The body of the proceedings on this occasion, being brief, are reproduced. “Voted, and chose John Prentice, Esq., Attorney-General, president. “Voted, Oliver Peabody, Esq., secretary. “Voted, that the society will consider themselves as a corporation, and bound by the votes and proceedings at any regular meeting of the Bar, in the same manner as the Individuals of any Society really incorporated. “Voted, that this society be styled an association of the bar throughout the State of New Hampshire. “Voted, that the gentlemen of the bar in their respective counties, do, at their first meeting after these rules are adopted, form themselves into a county society, and proceed to the election of a president and secretary for the en- suing year, and that a president and secretary be forever hereafter annually chosen by the major vote of the society. “Voted, that it be the duty of the secretary to keep a fair record of the proceedings of said society. _ “Voted, that the proceedings of the county societys, respecting their prac- tice, not incompatible with the rules of this association, shall be considered as binding as though they were a real corporation. “Voted, that in absence of the president, the senior attorney present at any bar meeting shall preside; and inthe absence of the secretary, that the junior attorney shall act as secretary. BENCH AND BAR. 57 “Voted, that it be considered as an indespensible requisite for the admission of any candidate for the bar, who has received a degree at any college that he has regularly studied three years after having received such degree in the office of some practising attorney of a Superior Court; and that no candidate not having received such degree be recommended for admission without hav- ing studied five years as aforesaid. “Voted, that no clerk be received into the office of any attorney, as a candi- date for the bar, without the previous consent of the bar of the county in which such attorney shall reside, had and obtained at a regular meeting. “Voted, that the gentlemen of the bar in any part of the State, attending in any county be considered as members of the society of the county in which they may happen to be. “Voted, that any attorney intending to offer any candidate for admission shall give notice thereof at some bar meeting one term previous thereto. “Voted, that when any candidate shall be approved by the bar, notice thereof shall be given to the court in writing, under the hand of the president of the bar, and a request made for his admission. ; “Voted, that it be deemed requisite for the admission of any attorney to the Superior Court that he has previously practised two years at some Court of Common Pleas. “Voted, that no attorney on any consideration give aid or countenance to any process commenced by any person not regularly admitted to the bar, or assist in conducting or defending any suit in which any person not regularly admitted may be engaged on the same side, excepting such cases wherein an attorney could not be.reasonably applied to, which shall be previously de- termined by a major vote of the county society. “Voted, that when application is made for admission to practice in any court in this State by a gentleman who has studied out of the State, or is a practicer in any other State, it shall be deemed a necessary qualification that he has studied and practiced in all respects agreeably to the rules of this as- sociation. “ Voted, that this association adjourn to meet at this place on the first Wednesday of June, 1790, and if a meeting should be thought necessary be- fore that time, that the same be notified by the attorney-general for the time being.” "The first record of any association of the Grafton county bar, now extant, gives the proceedings at a meeting at Haverhill, March term, 1793. There were present, “Aaron Hutchinson, Esq., president pro. tem, Arthur Liver- more, Thomas Thompson, Bela Turner, Jr., and Alden Sprague.” From this time on till November 12, 1838, the record is continuous and apparently complete in one volume. It indicates that the organization was regarded as subsidiary to the State association, as contemplated by the regulations of that body. ‘ William H. Woodward was secretary uatil 1812, and was then suc- ceeded by Henry Hutchinson, who held the office till he removed from the State in 1824 or 1825. The next permanent secretary was Nathaniel P. Rogers, whose record completes the book. There is a missing link in the record from 1838 to 1853. If the book is preserved, it is not in the proper custody. The record has been continued in a somewhat intermittent man- ner by Mr. Chapman, who has held the office most of the time since 1853. 58 GRAFTON COUNTY. Meetings have not been held as regularly in this period as formerly, owing, first: to the transfer of jurisdiction over thé admission of students to the bar from the bar associations, in each county, to the courts committee which is now established by law, and sits at the capitol for the examination of appli- cants for the State at large; and, secondly, to the practical assumption of the duties of the county organization, or some of the more important of them by the Grafton-Coés Bar Association. The old record contains a vast amount of material for legal biography. In it all matters of discipline are entered. The preliminary notices and per- missions for the admission of students to the law offices as clerks, and to the bar as attorneys, are carefully noted. It was voted at an early date that the time a candidate might have served as deputy sheriff should not be allowed. as a part of his five years of study for admission to the bar. Later on, in the case of Ira Goodall, it was determined that the office of ‘postmaster was not incompatible with that of an attorney. John Porter, Sr., Esq., received a vote of censure for appearing in support of an action commenced by one not admitted to the bar. In 1804 certain fees were established. -Arguing contin- uance at Court of Common Pleas was two dollars, and the same for demurrer Argument at Court of Common Pleas to court or jury on issue joined, was six dollars ; and for the same at the Supreme Court, ten dollars. On the 4th of December, 1804, a convention of delegates from the several counties re- ported and recommended a series of “general regulations for the gentlemen of the bar in the State of New Hampshire.” Moses P. Payson and William Woodward had attended as delegates from this county. These regulations were adopted by the bar of Grafton. The code contained twenty-one articles. Article 5, required candidates for admission who “had not a degree in the arts,” excepting a knowledge of the Greek language, to ‘“‘be duly qualified to be admitted to the first class of students at Dartmouth college.” Article 6, prescribed five years of study for admission for candidates with- out “a degree in the Arts” and three for those with it. Article 7, forbade members receiving as a reward for tuition of a student at Jaw less than two hundred and fifty dollars, for the time required, or in that proportion for a shorter time. Article 7; prohibited students at law from having the benefit of any per- quisites or profits from the business of the office or, any other business apper- taining to the profession of law, and from engaging in any other employment during the term of study. Two years of practice at the Common Pleas was required before admission to practice in the Superior Court, and only the admitted attorneys of the Superior Court could vote upon the admission of students to an office, or ad- mission to practice. In subsequent years it was found difficult to enforce the rules in their in- tegrity. In the latter period, covered by the first volume of records, con- siderable controversy was occasioned by the construction given to the rules ' BENCH AND BAR. 59° by individual members, which in many instances amounted to evasion, and even defiance of them. It is manifest by the record that the bar was gener- ally disposed to enforce the rules. This doubtless contributed to the creation -of a public opinion which finally broke down all barriers in the way of admis- ‘sion to practice law in any and all the courts.* The members of the Grafton bar in its early days had under consideration ‘other projects than those indicated by the secretaries’ records. They sought to co-operate in the collection of a public law library, and to that end peti- tioned for an act of incorporation. The original petition is in the possession of Hon. George W. Nesmith, of Franklin. It is interesting as a part of the history of the bar of the county, and valuable as a memorial of the distin- guished men who were the movers in the enterprise. ‘The instrument is as follows :— “To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives, of the State of New Hampshire, in general Court convened: “The memorial of the subscribers, attornies practicing in the Courts of Judicature, in the County of Grafton, in said State, humbly showeth: That your memorialists being deeply impressed with the important advantages de- rived from a choice collection of law books, placed in some central point, in said county, and having already at very considerable expense commenced the collection of such works, as are considered the most necessary in such an establishment, and want nothing at this time but a little of the fostering care of your honorable body, to complete and perpetuate their design, Wherefor your memorialists. pray that they be incorporated into a society by the name of the Grafton Bar Library Association, and that in their said ca- pacity they may be empowered to make such by-laws, and regulations, as may be found necessary for the well ordering of the affairs of the corporation, and enjoy all the powers and privileges, appertaining to corporations of this kind. And in duty bound will ever pray. Plymouth, 25th May, 1808. Moses Dow, J. Wilcox, A. Sprague, William H. Woodward, A. G. Britton, Benjamin I. Gilbert, John Nelson, Samuel A. Pearson, Moses Eastman, D. Webster, Parker Noyes, Phineas Walker, James I. Swan.” Although the county organization of the bar continues nominally in the ancient form, it must be admitted that there is very little vitality in it. Various causes have operated to effect this result. The principal reason which may be ‘assigned for the moribund condition of the old county society, is that there does not seem to be any occasion for its existence. The society has now nothing to do with admissions to the bar, and the court regulates the practice, except in the domain of those rules, which have now come to be re- garded by the practitioners as “hereditary custom,” and relate principally to fees and charges. While these matters donot now command the active attention or supervision of any organization of the bar, there are other subjects well worthy of their attention, as an organized society, without reference to county limits. Such would be the encouragement of a fraternal spirit which may allay and counteract the rivalries and resentments that are constantly *Proceedings of the American Bar Association, 1881, p. 242, et seq. 60 GRAFTON COUNTY. and necessarily provoked in the contentious business of the profession ; the protection of therights of parties against the mischiefs of tardy, uncertain, arbi- trary, or dishonest administration of the law ; the preparation and preserva- tion of suitable memorials of the work and worth of deserving members of their fraternity, and of a reliable history of the development of the science of jurisprudence, more particularly as it may be affected by the courts, legisla- tures and bar of our own State; and the formulation and encouragement of reforms in jurisprudence by concerted and progressive action. The members of the Grafton and Coés counties bars have an organization which seeks to accomplish these purposes. It was put in active operation in November, 1882, and has.ever since enjoyed a useful and vigorous existence, Its members have collected a large amount of material for the use of the future biographers of the barristers. They have already effected valuable im- provements within the sphere of their professional labors and will not weary in well doing. In the brief individual sketches of the lawyers of Grafton county, which have been collected by gentlemen interested in legal history and biography, in several of the principal towns, and which are presented in this volume, will be found some evidence of the influence exerted in various directions, by the lawyers of the county. They will be recognized as pure, upright and eminent judges; as leaders in the great social and political reforms of their day and generation ; as among the foremost soldiers of their time ; as mighty movers of vast business enterprises ; as founders of beneficient institutions ; as scholars and philanthropists. Let them be judged by their works. AsHLanp.—(See Holderness and Ashland.) Batu*.—Bela Turner moved from Massachusetts to Bath about 1794. He commenced the practice of law at once. It does not appear that he was suc- cessful in his profession, though possessed of considerable ability and learn- ing. He was an expert penman, and taught penmanship during the latter part of his life. He acquired habits of intemperance, and died at Bath in 1809. Hon. Moses P. Payson, born in Rowley, Mass., about 1773, was graduated. from Dartmouth college, class of 1793. He read law with Alden Sprague, Esq., at Haverhill, N. H., and was-admitted to the bar in 1797. He opened an office in Bath in 1798. He did a large and lucrative business, acquiring a handsome competence. He was in his day considered the best presiding officer in Grafton county, being constantly called to preside over deliberative bodies. He represented Bath several years in the legislature, and afterwards in the senate, of which latter body he was made president. He was, at the time of his death, president of the old Grafton bank, and one of the trustees of Dartmouth college. He married Hannah Perley about 1798, by whom he had several children. His death occurred at Bath in October, 1828. * By Harry M. Morse, Esq, BENCH AND BAR. 6r Hon. James I. Swan, born in Haverhill ‘in 1780, was educated at’ Haver- hill academy, and studied law with Alden Sprague, Esq., and was admitted to the bar about 1802-03, and located in Lisbon, N. H:, where he remained: till 1807, when he moved to Bath and continued in practice there till his death: in 1820, at the age of forty years. He married Elizabeth Sprague, daughter: of Alden Sprague, Esq., of Haverhill, N. H., by whom he had several chil-. dren, none of whom survived him. Mr. Swan was a man of rare talent,. standing among the foremost at the New Hampshire bar. As a jury advo-. cate he has been compared with Webster.and Choate, without suffering. In- deed, Isaac Patterson told the writer that he once heard Webster and Swan. argue a cause a8 opposing counsel, at Plymouth, and. it was generally con- ceded that Swan’s argument was the better by far. He was counsel either” one way or the other in all the litigation growing out of disputed lines be-- tween Lisbon and Franconia, alternately settling and unsettling the bounda- ries. . Physically he was a very large and a remarkably handsome man. Ira Goodall, son of Rev. David Goodall, born in Littleton, N. H,, about’ 1789, went to Bath in April, 1809, and read law with Hon. M. P. Payson, and began practice there in 1814. He did an expensive business for many years. It is said that for quite a period, he entered a larger number of actions. than any other practitioner in the state. In 1828 he formed a partnership with the late Hon. Andrew S. Woods, (who had been a student in his office).. which continued until October, 1840, when Mr. Woods went on to the bench. Mr. Goodall represented Bath in the legislature two years. He was also made: (1857-58) president of the White Mountain railroad. He accumulated a large property, but his connection with the railroad was financially disastrous.- He died in Beloit, Wis., about 1865. He left a family of ten children, five boys and five girls. William Mattocks, born in Danville, Vt., about 1768, was a brother of Gov- ernor John Mattocks, of Vt. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1793. He was admitted to the bar in 1798, and practiced at Danville and several other places in Vermont, till 1817, when he moved to Bath, where he re-- mained in practice till 1820, when he returned to Danville, Vt., and con- tinued there in practice till his death, in 1834. General Ira Young, son of Colonel Samuel Young, born in Lisbon, N. H., in 1797, studied with Hon. James I. Swan, and was admitted to the bar in 1817. After Mr. Swan’s death, in 1820, he took Mr. Swan’s office at Bath, and a part of his business, and entered into practice. In 1827 he located in- Colebrook, N. H., where he did a successful business for several years. He removed to Lancaster, N. H., about 1838, and did an extensive business there: till, his health failing him, in 1845, when he went to Havana, Cuba, where he died November 17, 1845, aged fifty-one years. General Young enjoyed the confidence of a large clientage, and stood among the foremost of the bar in Northern New Hampshire. He wasa popular citizen, and a high-toned ‘hon - orable gentleman. He left two sons, Captain Harry D. F. and Richard, both 62 : GRAFTON COUNTY. of whom served in the Rebellion, the latter losing his life. He inherited a lively taste for military affairs, his father having been an officer in the war of the Revolution. In 1835, being in command of the 24th regiment, he was designated to lead the expedition to quell the insurrectionary movement at Indian Stream. He was appointed brigadier-general of the 6th brigade, in 1836 and major-general of the 2d division in 1837. His tombstone was erected by his brethren of the bar, and its inscription bears testimony that he stood eminent among them, “both for his courtesy and ability as a lawyer, and his high character for honor and integrity as a man.” Isaac Patterson, born in Piermont, N. H., about 1792,a son of Capt. Isaac Patterson, of that town, entered Dartmouth college at the early age of six- teen, graduating with high honors in the class of 1812. He immediately en- tered the office of Hon. John Russel, of Troy, N. Y., to pursue the study of the law. After about two years he returned to Haverhill, N. Li., where, in the office of Hon. Josiah Bell, he completed his legal education, being during a portion of the time principal of the academy in Haverhill. He was admit- ted to the bar in New Hampshire in September, 1817, and at once opened an office in Lyme, N. H. At the end of two years he removed to Bath, N. H., and formed a partnership with Hon. Moses P. Payson, which relation con- tinued for one year. He then, about 1820, opened an office, and continued in the practice at Bath, till 1879, forming no other business connection. He was for ten years a member of the board of selectmen, serving nearly every year as chairman. He represented Bath in the legislature from 1831 to 1834, and was elected town clerk for thirty consecutive years. He did not distin- guish himself at the bar, but did during his early years quite a lucrative office business. He was a fine belles-lettres scholar, and a polished, cultivated gentleman. He lived single and died at Piermont in 1882, the last of his line. Jonathan Smith, son of Jonathan Smith, was born in Peterborough, N. H., in 1798, nephew of the distinguished Judge Smith, of Exeter. He fitted for college at Exeter, and graduated at an early age from Harvard university. He read law with Governor Lincoln, of Worcester, Mass. In 1825 he opened an office in Lisbon, N. H., where he practiced for two or three years, when he removed to Bath, and formed a partnership with Hon. M. P. Payson, whose daughter he married; and by whom he had four children—one daughter and three sons. His wife died in 1838, at the age of twenty-eight years. Mr. Payson died in 1828, after which Mr. Smith continued practice until about 1836, when, his health failing from over-application to business, he went abroad for about one year. Hedied in Bath, August 10, 1840. He occupied a distinguished position at a bar where Joseph Bell, Ira Goodall, Josiah ‘Quincy, Leonard Wilcox, Andrew S. Woods, Ira Perley, and others hardly less distinguished, were leading practitioners. His legal arguments were models of calmness, precision and force. Chief Justice Richardson once re- marked that Mr. Smith presented all the qualities to constitute an eminent judge. He was very popular in the community, and enjoyed an enviable reputation for integrity and square dealing. BENCH AND BAR. 63 James Trask Woodbury, son of Peter Woodbury, and brother of Hon. Levi Woodbury, born in Francestown, N. H., came to Bath and opened an office in 1827, and practiced there some two or three years. Becoming deeply in- terested in religious matters, he abandoned the practice of law and began the study of the Gospel. He was settled as pastor of the Congregational church in Acton, Mass., about twenty years, representing the town once or twice in the state legislature. About 1851, he removed to Milford, Mass., where he died a few years later. Benjamin Bordman came to Bath, from Massachusetts, in February, 1828, and formed a partnership with Ira Goodall, which continued but a few months, when he disposed of his interest to Andrew S. Woods, and left Bath the fall of the same year. Where he located it has not been possible to ascertain. Andrew Salter Woods, son of Andrew Woods, born in Bath, 1803, was the first native of that town to enter the legal profession. He graduated at Dart- mouth, in 1825, and immediately began the study of the law with Ira Good- all, Esq., gaining admission to the bar in October, 1828. He entered into partnership with Mr. Goodall, and with him did a large and successful busi- ness, till October, 1840. He was then appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court. This office he held till March, 1855, when he was appointed chief justice. Upon the re-organization of the court about a year later, he resigned and resumed practice. In June, 1859, he formed a partnership with his son Edward, and with Harry and George A. Bingham, under the firm name of Woods & Bingham. The firm had two offices, one at Bath, where Judge Woods and George Bingham were located, and one at Littleton, man- aged by Harry Bingham and Edward Woods. This partnership was limited to two years. At its expiration in June, 1862, Judge Woods and his son Edward formed a partnership which continued till Judge Woods's death, which occurred in June, 1863, of Bright’s disease. He married Eliza Hutchins, daughter of James Hutchins. Seven children were born—Eliza Isabella, born November 1, 1830, who is the wife of Hon. George A. Bingham ; Rebecca Newell, born February 22, 1833, the wife of T. J. M. Smith, of Boston, Mass.; Edward, born October 24, 1835; Katherine Jane, born September 25, 1837, died of consumption in May, 1860; Harriet Jameson, born July 5, 1840, died of consumption in September, 1863 ; Helen Adelaide, born December 22, 1842, died in March, 1843 ; Andrew Salter, Jr., born March 1, 1845, died September 26, 1847. John L. Carleton, born in Bath, N. H., son of Ebenezer Carleton, of that town, took his preparatory course at Exeter N. H., and entered Dart- mouth college in 1827, and led his class throughout his college course, and graduated with the highest honors, in 1831. He studied his profession in the office of Henry Morris, of Buffalo, New York, and at the Yale Law school. He was admitted to the bar in New Haven, Conn., in July, 1831. He then came to New Hampshire and began practice at Bath in November of the same year: He is still living in Bath, but has been out of practice for several years. He married Lucretia, daughter of Ira Goodall, Esq. 64 GRAFTON COUNTY. Moses P. Payson, Jr., only son of Hon. Moses P. Payson, born in Bath in 1806, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1829, studied law at the Cambridge Law school and with Hon. Joseph Bell, of Haverhill, and began practice in Bath in 1832. He left Bath in 1837. After some time he resumed practice in New york city. He died there in the spring of 1854, of consumption, at the age of forty-seven. George W. Hutchins, born in Bath, 1809, was in Dartmouth college two: years, read law with Goodall & Woods, and went to the bar in 1835. He at once formed a partnership with J. Smith, and continued in the practice till his death which occured August 4, 1839, at the age of thirty. Harry Hibbard son of Hon. David Hibbard, was born in Concord, Vt.,. June 1, 1816. Heentered Dartmouth college in 1831, at the age of fifteen, and graduated in class of 1835. He studied law with General Isaac Fletcher, of Lyndon, Vt., and with Governor Williams, of Lancaster, N.H. He was ad- mitted to the N. H. bar in 1838 or ’39, and opened an office in Bath, and at once became prominent in his profession. ‘He was assistant clerk of the N. H. House of Representatives, and clerk of the same body in 1840, ’41, "42. He represented Bath in the state legislature, in 1843, 44,45. He was speaker of the House in 1844-45. He was state senatorin 1846, ’47,’48, and president of that body during the last two years. Mr. Hibbard was a courteous dignified: presiding officer, and a skilled parliamentarian. In 1848 he was delegate to the Democratic national convention which made General Lewis Cass, of Michigan, the presidential candidate of the party. The following year, 1849, he was elected to represent his district in the lower house of Congress, and ' re-elected in 1851 and 1853. He was prominent in the House as a debator, and was frequently called to the chair ; he served on the ways and means com- mittee during the whole six years. He was the candidate of his party for United States senator in 1846, when but thirty years of age. In 1854 he was again candidate. Upon the accession of his friend Franklin Pierce to the presidency, he was tendered several positions, all of which were refused. At the expiration of his Congressional term in 1855, he returned to Bath, and re- sumed the practice, doing an extensive business. He was appointed to a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the state, but his declining health pre- vented his acceptance. Several fugitive pieces, both prose and verse, from his. pen, disclosed literary talent of a high order. In 1848 he married Mrs. Sarah Hale Bellows, daughter of Hon. Salma Hale, of Keene N.H. He had several children, none of whom lived toattain their majority. After a painful and. protracted illness he died, July 28, 1872. Arthur Livermore, son of Chief Justice Arthur Livermore, born in Hold- erness, N. H., January 7, 1811, graduated from Dartmouth with the class. of 1829. He read law with Hon. Jonathan Smith, of Bath, one year, com- pleted his legal studies with Hon. Jeremiah Mason, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. He. first opened an office at Gilmanton Iron Works—now Bel- mont—there and at Lowell, Mass., he practiced till, in 1839, just prior to the BENCH AND BAR, 65 death of Hon. Jonathan Smith, he removed to Bath and took his office and business. While in Bath he became largely interested in real estate in that and adjoining towns. He left Bath in 1859 and returned to Lowell. He was soon after appointed by President Lincoln consul to Londonderry, Ire- land, which office he has held under successive administrations up to the present time. His discharge of the duties of the office has given universal satisfaction. He is a man of much learning, and his correspondence dis- closes great elegance of style and felicity of expression. Hon. Charles R. Morrison was born in Bath January 22, 1819, the son of William Morrison. He received his education in the schools of his native place and at Newbury, Vt., academy. Contrary to the advice of his instruct- ors he did not enter college, but directly on his graduation at Newbury began the study of law in the office of Goodall & Woods, at Bath. Upon his ad- mission to the bar at Haverhill, in 1842, he began the practice of his profes- sion in Bath. In three years, however, he removed to Haverhill, N. H., where he practiced till the summer of 1851, when he was commissioned, by Gov. Dinsmore, ‘Circuit Justice of the Court of Common Pleas,” a position which he retained till the Know-Nothing ascendency in 1855. After a year’s further practice in Haverhill he removed to Nashua, N. H. In September, 1862, soon after the breaking out of the Rebellion, he received a lieutenant- adjutant’s commission from Governor Berry and served in that capacity till September, 1864,,when he tendered his resignation and was honorably dis- charged. He has since made Manchester his home, and is still engaged in the practice there. He compiled and published the following: * A Digest of the N. H. Reports,” “‘ Town Officer,” “ Justice and Sheriff and Attorney’s Assistants,” “ Probate Directory,” and ‘‘ Digest of School Laws. David R. Lang.—(See Orford.) Samuel H. Goodall was born in Bath, March 31, 1823. His father, Ira ‘Goodall, received him, after his graduation at Dartmouth, in 1844, as a stu- dent in his own law office, and three years later formed with him a partner- ship which extended till the spring of 1853, when the son established at Portsmouth, N. H. After several years of successful practice he left Ports- mouth for Boston, where he still resides, following his profession. Harry Bingham read law with Hon. Harry Hibbard, and later conducted his business at Bath, in connection with his own practice at Littleton, during Mr. Hibbard’s term in congress. (See Littleton.) ‘William W. Hutchins was the son of William V. Hutchins, of Bath. He graduated from Dartmouth in 1845 and entered the Harvard Law school. Later he studied with Hon. Samuel Ingham, of Connecticut, and in 1848 he was admitted to the bar from the office of Hon. Harry Hibbard, of Bath. With the exception of a short stay at Haverhill, as assistant clerk of the court of Common Pleas, he resided till his death, in 1852, at Bath, in the practice of his profession. John Bedel, son of Gen. Moody Bedel, was born in Indian Stream terri- 66 GRAFTON COUNTY.. tory, July 8, 1822. His younger years were spent in Bath, where he received his education at the public schools and at the seminary in Newbury, Vt. He began the study of law in Hon. Harry Hibbard’s office. In 1847 he enlisted as a private in the Mexican war. In May of that year he was appointed sergeant, in December a lieutenant. For several months, in 1848, he com_ manded a company. Returning to Bath at the close of the war, he resumed his legal studies in Mr. Hibbard’s office, doing at the same time quite an extensive pension business, in the capacity of claim agent. He was admit- ted to the bar in the spring of 1850, and went into partnership with Mr. Hib- bard. The partnership continued three years, when Mr. Bedel received an appointment in the Treasury department at Washington. Not the least im- portant branch of his duty in this position was the adjusting of claims with such government agents as had made ex-gar¢e settlements with “ Uncle Sam,” and failed to pay over balances found to be due him. In prosecuting this portion of his business he brought to bear the same tireless energy and cease- less vigilance which characterized all his undertakings. He held this office for eight years, serving under both Pierce and Buchanan. In 1861, upon the breaking out of the Rebellion, he was appointed major of the 3d regiment of N. H. Volunteers. In June, 1862, he was commissioned lieut.-colonel. April 1864, while a prisoner, he was commissioned colonel. He received a wound at Morris Island in June, 1863, and though suffering from its effects he re- turned to duty after less than a week’s absence. On the night of July 18, 1863, during the assault upon Fort Wagner, he was captured on the ramparts and far in advance of hismen. He was sent to Columbus, South Carolina, where he with other prisoners was kept in close confinement, suffering intensely from exposure and privation. Gen. Bedel, not submitting to the inhuman with such meekness and docility as was satisfactory to the prison officials, was. put into solitary confinement, and kept until his parole, in August, 1864,—a. period of five months. Immediately after his release, (after lying in prison for seventeen months,) he hastened to Washington, and sought an interview with the president, in which he detailed the horrible sufferings of himself and comrades and urged with great earnestness the necessity of speedy exchanges to relieve the distresses of those confined in Rebel prisons. There can be no doubt that this interview had much to do with bringing about that result. He returned at once to his regiment at Wilmington, N. C. He was appointed brigadier-general U. S. Vols., by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct and services, commission dating from March 13, 1865. He returned to Bath at the close of the war, and engaged extensively in the manufacture of starch. He represented Bath in the legislature in 1868-69, and was Democratic can- didate for governor in 1869, and again in 1870. In December, 1853, Gen. Bedel married Mary Augusta, daughter of the late Hon. Jesse Bourns, of Nashua, by whom he had seven children, only three of whom survive him. Gen. Bedel died February 26, 1875. Alonzo P. Carpenter, son of Isaah Carpenter, was born at Waterford, Vt., BENCH AND BAR. 67 in 1829. He-graduated at Williams college, class of 1849. Hesoon came to Bath, and taught the high school at the village for several terms. Among his pupils were Miss Julia R. Goodall, whom he afterwards married (in 1853), and Dr. William Child, of Bath. He read law with Hon. Andrew S. Woods,. and with J. & S. H. Goodall, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He formed a partnership with Hon. Ira Goodall which continued till 1856, when Mr. Goodall left New Hampshire. Mr. Carpenter continued in business at Bath, or that part of it known as the “Upper Village,” occupying the old Goodall homestead. Mr. Carpenter was made solicitor in 1863, which posi- tion he filled till 1873. From that time till the repeal of the bankrupt law, he had, practically, all the bankruptcy practice in his section. He formeda partnership with his son Philip, in September, 1880, which continued till his. appointment to the bench, in September, 1881, which position he is still fill- ing with signal ability. Judge Carpenter’s name was prominently mentioned in connection with the vacancy on the bench of the United States Circuit Court, caused by the resignation of Judge Lowell, in the spring of 1884. His appointment was urged with great vigor and earnestness by the entire New Hampshire bar, and a majority of the Boston bar. Had the executive con- sidered the ability and fitness of the candidates, Judge Carpenter would have received the appointment. Judge Carpenter, in the fall of 1884, disposed of his landed interests in Bath, N. H., and removed to Concord, N. H., where he is at present living. Five children have been born to the family, all of whom are living—Lillian, the wife of Frank S. Streeter, Esq., of Concord, N. H.; Philip, a lawyer, in New York city; Arthur, Edith and Helen. Edward Woods, son of Hon. Andrew S. Woods, was born in Bath, October 24, 1835. He fitted for college at Phillip’s, Exeter, and graduated from Dartmouth in the class of ’56. After reading law with his father he was admitted to the bar at Haverhill, in 1859, and at once located in Littleton, as a member of the firm of Woods & Binghams. In 1862 he removed to Bath, and formed a partnership with his father, Judge Woods, who died the year following. Mr. Woods has since resided at Bath, having represented his. town in the legislature of 1873-74, and acted many years as town treasurer. He was a member of Governor Weston’s staff, with rank of colonel, in 1874. In April, 1863, he married Mary, daughter of John L. Carlton. Of their four children, Edward, Jr., Katherine E., Thomas Smith, and Andrew Salter, the last three are living. Arthur E. Hutchins. was a native of Bath, the son of the late Major C. C. Hutchins. On his graduation at Harvard he entered the office of Hon. A. P. Carpenter as a student. He was no sooner admitted to the bar than he enlisted and was serving under a lieutenant’s commission when he was killed at the Wilderness. George A. Bingham was located at Bath from 1850 to 1862, inclusive, as a member of the firm of Woods & Bingham. (See Littleton.) Philip Carpenter, son of Hon. A. P. Carpenter, born in Bath March 9, 68 GRAFTON COUNTY. 1856, was educated at St. Johnsbury, Vt., and at Dartmouth college, gradu- ating from the latter institution in the class of 1877. He read law with his ‘father, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1880, at Concord, N. H. He formed a partnership with his father, and began the practice at Bath in September, 1880. The partnership continued till Judge Carpenter’s appointment to the bench in September, 1881. Mr. Carpenter contin- -ued in practice at Bath alone, doing a large business, till January, 1882, when ‘he entered the firm of Ray, Drew & Jordon, at Lancaster, N. H. He re. ---: mained with this firm till June, 1885, when he removed to New York city, -where he still resides, doing an extensive business, having his offices at 280 Broadway. He married Miss Fannie H. Rouse, of Winstead, Conn., Sep- tember 3, 1880. They have no children living. BrisTou.*—Bristol Village was mainly included in Bridgewater from 1788 ‘to 1820. The names of the lawyers who have practiced here are, as a rule, in this article given in the order of their arrival in this place or commence- ment in the practice. David Smiley, practiced in this village (then Bridgewater) in 1808 and 1809, It is understood that he removed to Grafton, N. H., and was the father of Dr. Smiley, of that place. _ Moses H. Bradley, son of John and Hannah (Ayer) Bradley, was born at Concord, March 15, 1782, and died there June 22, 1834. He wasat Bridge- water in 1812, and, with the exception of 1813 and 1814, was taxed as a res- ident in that town or Bristol till 1834. He was married, but had no children. He was a member of the school committee, 1824, 1825, 1826, representative to General Court in 1823, state senator from the Bristol district in r824. In 1813 and 1814 he was probably in practice at Sanbornton. He was a grad- uate of Dartmouth college in the class of 1807, a lawyer of fair ability, but not an advocate. Nathaniel G. Upham, a graduate of Dartmouth college, class of 1820, was ‘the son of Hon. Nathaniel and Judith Cogswell Upham. He was born at Rochester, and began the practice of law at Bristol in 1824, and removed thence to Concord in 1829. He was the first signer of the constitution and by-laws of the First Congregational church, in. Bristol, in 1826. He was a judge of the Superior Court of N. H., from 1833 to 1843. In 1853 he was sent to London as commissioner for the adjustment of claims between the United States and Great Britain. He was the recipient of the degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth college in 1862. He was twice married, and died in 1869. : . Soon after leaving the bench, Judge Upham became superintendent of the - Concord railroad, and held the office during the remainder of his life. He was a man of executive ability and skill, as is indicated by the fact that the property of that corporation became the most valuable of any in the state, as much by reason of its management as by the peculiarly favorable location. *By Ira S. Chase, Esq. BENCH AND BAR. 69 Benjamin F. Weeks was a resident according to the town records of 1831, 1832. He came from Warren, N. H., and went west in 1832 or 1833. George Mirot, a brother of Hon. Josiah Minot, was born at New London, August 10, 1806. He read law with Hon. N. G. Upham. He was a resi- dent of Bristol in 1829, according to the records of the town; then removed to Concord with Judge Upham. Having been admitted to the bar, he re- turned to Bristol, and practiced his profession a year or two, being assessed as a resident in 1833 and 1834. He located temporarily at Gilmanton, and permanently at Concord. He married a daughter of George Reynolds Clark, of Portsmouth, May 1, 1839. He was cashier and president of the Mechan- ic’s Bank of Concord, treasurer of Merrimac county, and of the B. C. & M. railroad. He died at Concord, March 8, 1861. George M. Phelps came to Bristol, from Hill, where be was formerly in practice. He was not much of a lawyer, and some authorities make other points in regard to his career. He was assessed as a resident of Bristol in 1835. He remained in the place but a short time. Samuel H. Stevens was a son of John and Ruhamah (Fifield) Stevens, born at East Kingston, November 20, 1802. He read law with Stephen C. Lyford, of Meredith, and Daniel M. Christie, of Dover. He began practice in Bristol in 1833, and remained there till 1846. He resided for a time in Maine, was made cashier of the bank at Exeter in 1849, and resigned the position in 1858. July 27, 1840, he married Sophronia, daughter of Moses Sanborn, of Kingston. He was a graduate of Dartmouth college, class of 1830, and died in 1876. Ralph Metcalf was in practice here a short time between 1838 and 1840. (See Plymouth.) 4 Frederic Bartlett is another son of Bristol who is enrolled among her law practitioners. He was a son of Ichabod C. and Anne S. Bartlett, born November 29, 1815. His academic education was at the New Hampton Institute, and collegiate at Dartmouth. His law studies were commenced under Judge Nesmith and prosecuted also at the law schools of Cambridge and New Haven. His location in practice has been at Bristol, and for a time he was a member of the law firm of Bartlett & Bryant. In recent years he has not bean much engaged in legal matters, except in the Probate courts. He was married in 1845, and has four children. He has represented Bristol in the state legislature at different times, and was a-member of the constitutional convention of 1850. He is a Congregationalist and Oddfellow. Mr. Bartlett indulged a lively interest in practical agriculture. He owns one of the finest farms in Bristol. Josiah Minot entered upon the practice at Bristol, in 1840, and went thence to Concord, about 1844, where he has since resided. He was a native of Bristol, born September 17, 1819, the son of James and Sally (Wilson) Minot. He read law with Hon. J. J. Gilchrist, of Charlestown, and Hon. S. D. Bell. He was justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas from 1852 to 5* 7O GRAFTON COUNTY. 1855 and United States commissioner of pensions in 1855. He married Abbie P. Haines, of Canterbury, August 24, 1843. Mr. Minot has been a. prominent Democrat for many years, having been an influential party leader in his own state, and prominentin the national councils, as delegate to national. | conventions, and member of the national committee. He is regarded by those who know him best as one of the most astute business men in the state. He grasps great enterprises with facility, and his abilities command positions at the head of movements with which he is identified. In later years he has been intimately connected with some of the most important railroads and banking: institutions in the state. As a lawyer in the strictest sense of the term he has maintained a standing in the front rank for forty years. He is a joint donor with Hon. S. S. Sleeper, of Cambridge, Mass., of the elegant public library building at Bristol. George B. Burns was here in 1847 and 1848. He then sold his business. to Napoleon B. Bryant. Napoleon B. Bryant continued in the practice of law in Bristol until 1853, when he disposed of his business to Lewis W. Fling. (See Plymouth). George Tenney was a practitioner of the law at Bristol several years be- tween 1850 and 1860. He was a son of Benjamin and Betsey (Taylor) Tenney, born at Groton, N. H., February 12, 1821, He graduated at Dart- mouth college in the class of 1847. He married Eluthera Malvina, daughter of Isaac Bissell, of Hanover, June 23, 1852. He removed from. Bristol to: Concord and died in 1880. | Lewis W. Fling, since 1853, has been a practitioner at Bristol. (See Went- worth). Samuel K. Mason was a native of the town of New Hampton, born May 17, 1832. He was prepared for college at the New Hampton Literary in- stitute to enter one year in advance ; but did not pursue a collegiate course further. In the spring of 1854 he entered the law school at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., but completed the course at the law school of Hamilton college. He was admitted to the bar in New York city. Returning to New Hampshire he studied for some nine months in the office of Judge Hibbard, at Laconia,. and then opened an office in Bristol, where he established a successful busi- ness and remained till his death. : In politics Mr. Mason was an earnest and decided Republican though nota voilent partisan until the Sumner, Shurz and Trumbull break in the senate of the United States in 1871-72. He held the office of postmaster of Bristol. from 1861 to 1868. Having been elected to the legislature at the latter date,. he resigned the federal office. He represented the town three years succes- sively, and took an active position on the Republican side in that body, en- gaging frequently in debate. He was alsotwice appointed one of the commis- sioners for Graftcn county, by the court, holding the office in all about four years. When the liberal Republican movement was inaugurated in 1872, Mr. Mason BENCH AND BAR. es indentified himself with it, and continued steadfast to that cause. He was the liberal Republican nominee for Governor in 1873. His letter of acceptance is remembered as an able political document. He was with his party in its coalition with the Democracy, andin 1874 was appointed judge of Probate for Grafton county by Governor Weston. He filled this office acceptably for two years and was with the rest of his party associates in office a subject of this general removal for “‘political reasons only.” In 18 58 he married Miss Helen M. Smith, of Bristol, and they had one child, a daughter. Mr. Mason was for many years an invilid, but he held bravely to the many duties of tife which called for his attention until he was literally forced to surrender. He was genial in manners and firm in principal. Kensel E. Dearborn, a native of Hill, N. H., born April 22, 1844, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1873, and has since been in practice at Bristol. He is a son of Selwyn C. Dearborn. His academic education was at the New Hampton Literary Institution, and his law study was with Hon. Davis W. Fling. He has been married, but his wife is now deceased. He has four children. He has held various offices at Bristol, but more frequently those relating to school affairs. He is now a member of the board of education. Ira A. Chase is a son of Bristol, born March 25, 1854. His parents are Ira S. and Cordelia P. (Simonds) Chase, his father being a well-known phy- sician of the place. The son was educated at the Bristol high school, the New Hampton Literary Institution, and Dartmouth college, where he gradu- ated in 1877. He was a law student of Mr. Fling, admitted by examination under the new rules at Concord in 1881. His denominational connections are with the Orthodox Congregationalists. He is an active Free-mason, hav- been master of Union Lodge several years and a recipient of the more ad- vanced degrees. He has been frequently called to official stations, as super- visor of check lists, and member of the board of education in Bristol, besides serving as assistant clerk of the state Senate for the past two legislative ses- sions. He has fairly earned the promotion in this direction, which usage of the party accords. Canaan*.—There were no lawyers among the early settlers of Canaan. Every man felt himself constrained to be neighborly, friendly and forbearing, because each one was dependent upon every other one for some of the com- forts in their rough life. Settlement of disputes, conveyancing, &c., were at- tended to first by George Harris after 1767, William Ayer about 1780, Thomas Baldwin, and perhaps others. Nathaniel Farrar came into town about 1792, a lawyer who, with strong assurance, told the people they needed him, or, at any rate, he needed them. They appeared to be thrifty and to have many nice questions in law to talk over, and he proposed to stay and get his living among them. He remained here about two years, and in that time occurred the first lawsuit in town, over * By W. A. Wallace. 72 GRAFTON COUNTY. a stolen horse, which created such a strong sentiment against Mr. Farrar, that he soon left Canaan. : In 1807 Thomas Hale Pettingill, a graduate from Dartmouth college in 1804, and just admitted to the bar, settled in Canaan. He was a son of Benjamin and Polly Pettingill, of Salisbury, born in 1781, read law with John Harris, of Hopkinton. He built the house now owned by Judge Blodgett, of Boston, and opened an office in one of the rooms in the spring of 1808. At first he met with indifferent success. The old prejudice against lawyers was active ; but he persevered, and when told there was no good use for his kind of men he would simply shrug his shoulders and—wazt, He had not long to wait—not more than a year, before he had the whole town by the ears. His labors necessitated the appointment of a sheriff. The next. im- portant thing was a court; and from that day until now Canaan has never been without a lawer with his attendant sheriff and court. Mr. Pettingill’s diligence and success surprised his friends. Mr. Pettingill resided in Canaan until 1822, when he returned to his native Salisbury, where he continued to reside unti: his death. Elijah Blaisdell, born in Canaan, October, 30, 1782, son of Hon. Daniel and Sally (Spinger) Blaisdell. About 1802 he married Mary Fogg, of Hamp- ton, and settled in Pittsfield, a shoemaker. At the age of 27, witha wife and three children dependent upon his labors, he concluded that shoemaking was not his strong point. He might get rich, but he never would become famous ; so laying aside his last and apron, he entered an office in Montpelier Vt., and for three years applied himself to the study of law. He was admit- ted to the bar. For a few months he loitered aboutin search ofa location. He tried Grafton, and Danbury, but the people were not sufficiently litigious. In the fall of 1812 he came to Canaan Street, where T. H. Pettingill had already a court with all its machinery in full blast. Here he lived and labored until . 1833, when he sold out and removed to Lebanon, and died there about 1862. He held the office of judge of Probate for several years, during the suprem- acy of the Democracy. He represented Canaan in the legislature two years, in 1827-28, He servedin all town offices. In politics he began as a Feder- alist. Before the inauguration of Jackson, in 1829, he visited Washington to witness the ceremonies. He was received with so much affability by the old General that he became his warm supporter, and ever after voted and talked as a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Blaisdell had three children born to them in Pittsfield, and eight in Canaan. He was twice married, his second wife was Mrs. Mary Kingsbury, of Plainfield, N. H. , George Kimball, born in Harvard, Mass., in 1787, son of Benjamin and Nancy (Wilder) Kimball, was graduated from Dartmouth college, in 1809, read law and was admitted to the bar. In 1813 he settled in practice at Union, Me.; thence to Warren, Me., in 1814; wasa successful teacher in the public schools at Concord, and Richmond, Va., and afterwards in the island of Bur- Cw me ee = BENCH AND BAR. 73 muda, where he married a lady who was the owner of many slaves. On leav- ing the island in 1820, Mrs. Kimball freed her slaves, In 1824 Mr. Kimball became editor of the Concord Register. He was a gentleman of refinement and intelligence, companionable; and of amiable disposition, a good story- teller, and a writer of fair ability. In the fall of 1826 he abandoned journalism, came to Canaan to practice law, opened an office, and was made postmaster a few months after. He was a scholar, an agreeable speaker, but he was not familiar with practice. Busi- ness flowed in upon him, but in the details of legal forms he made mistakes, and was often obliged to ask leave to amend his declarations. He was largely instrumental in building the Congregational church in 1828, and in erect- ing the “(Noyes academy,” and in changing its original features so as to admit colored pupils. Mr. Kimball found it to his interest to leave Canaan. In 1836, in com- pany with Nathaniel Currier, he engaged in mercantile business in Alton, Il. He was not successful in trade. After a time he came east, more em- barrassed than when he left. Discouraged, at last, at his wife’s solicitation they returned to Burmuda, where, for about eighteen years, he was a lawyer and teacher in the town of Hamilton. He died in 1858. John Hancock Slack, A. M., son of John and Betsey Ide Slack, born in New London, in June, 1789, died at Loudon county, Va., in August, 1857, aged sixty-eight years. He was a graduated from Dartmouth college in-18r1, taught school at Hopkinton, read law. with Hon. Moses P. Payson, of Bath, and Hon. John Harris and Baruda Chase, of Hopkinton, practiced at An- dover, Pembroke and Goffstown, was a resident of Canaan two years (1829 and ’30), where he taught a select school and had some practice. Leaving Canaan, he drifted southerly to Georgetown, D. C., thence to Fairfax, Va., and afterwards to Loudon county, Va., where he died. In 1825 he married Lydia, daughter of Levi Hastings, of Wilton. He’ was an excellent teacher. Jonathan Kittredge, LL. D., son of Dr. Jonathan and Apphia (Wood- man) Kittredge, born in Canterbury, July 17, 1793, graduated from Dart- mouth college in 1813, read law with Bleecker & Sedgwick, at Albany, N. Y., and Roswell W. Lewis, of New York city. He commenced practice at the latter place in 1817. He opened an office in Canaan in 1823 and resided here ‘until 1826, when he moved to Lyme, where he resided about ten years, Meantime he married Miss Julia Balch, February 8, 1829 ; eight children. Before he came to Canaan he had contracted the habit of using strong drink. His case was sad and seemed almost hopeless. He had thrown off self-re- spect, lost caste in society, his brethren of the bar shunned him, and clients seldom sought his counsel; but after all hope seemed in vain, he threw off the yoke and afterwards’ was an advocate of temperance. While at Lyme he wrote.and delivered an address upon temperance, Jan- uary 8, 1827, which was published, and gave him almost a national reputa- tion. Lyme had not much use for lawyers either before or since that period, 74 . GRAFTON COUNTY. but Mr. Kitteredge continued to reside in that town among friends, who tenderly watched over him until he should gain courage and strength to meet his old enemy, and all his bad foes in the wide world’s arena. In 1836 he returned to Canaan. In politics he was Whig. Five times he was elected to represent the town in the legislature. He held various town offices, such es- pecially as were agreeable to him. He went to Philadelphia in 1848, delegate to the convention that nominated Gen. Taylor. and worked actively for his election. In 1856 he was appointed a judge of Court of Common Pleas, and held the office until the court was legislated out of existence in 1858. He was respected as a lawyer and judge, but he was not popular either with lawyers or;clients. He received the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth college in 1858. In the spring of 1859 he removed to Concord where he continued to reside until his death, April 8, 1864, aged seventy-one years. William Pickering Weeks, son of Brackett and Sarah Pickering Weeks, born at Greenland, February 2, 1803, graduated trom Dartmouth college in 1826, read law with Hon. William A. Hayes and Charles N. Cogeswell, of South Berwick, .Me., and located at Canaan November, 1829. He soon afterwards became a partner with Mr. Blaisdell and continued thus for two or three years. ‘His practice was extensive and lucrative, chiefly in those branches of law relating to debt and credit, and the validity of titles. In these matters he made himself an authority. He was never counted a great lawyer, but he was a correct business man, and carefully attended to all matters placed in his hands. He was married July, 1833, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Doe, of Derry, and as the years went by three sons and two daughters were born to them. In 1839-40 and also in ’50 and ’54 he represented the town in the legisla— ture. He was in the state Senate in 1848-49, being its president the last year. He was alsoin the constitutional convention in 1850, His business was profitable, and in his later years he became in all but the name a banker: His loans were great accommodations to persons in need of assistance, and it is but just to say in this regard that he was a lenient and honorable credi- tor. He was very fond of his cattle, horses, and particularly of sheep, and spent much time in caressing his fine flocks. Mr. Weeks died suddenly, Jan- uary 8, 1870, aged sixty-six years. Hon. J. Everett Sargent, LL.D. (See Wentworth.) George Washington Murray, A. M., born in Hill, July 23, 1830, son of John and Mary Murray, read law in the office of Nesmith & -Pike, Franklin; admitted to the bar, April term, at Concord, 1855. Same year opened an office at East Canaan, and that village has grown up about him. By diligent study during his thirty years’ practice he has won an enviable reputation as a sound lawyer. He has served one term in the legislature and was a member of the constitutional convention of 1878. In religion he is a Methodist, and he gets credit for paying a large percentage of the expenses of his church. He is “BENCH AND BAR. 75 much interested in the schools of his village. He received the degree of A. M. from Dartmouth college in 1875. 7 Joseph Doe Weeks, son of William P., born in Canaan October 29, 1837, ‘graduated from Dartmouth college in 1861, read law with Daniel M. Christie and Wheeler & Hall, of Dover, with whom for a short time he practiced. At the request of his father he returned to Canaan in 1864, and has since been aresident here. In the years of his practice here he has ever manifested a disposition to bestow favors upon friends, and other needy persons; has en- tered with enthusiasm into all schemes for the success of the Democracy, to which he bears unswerving allegiance. His legal attainments are equal to all his needs. He is generous and friendly, and has never been charged with -oppressing any poor wretch who happened to fall into the fangs of the law. ‘This trait has given him great power in politics, and he has seldom met with defeat even in this Republican town. Several times he has been sent to Con- cord, both as representative and senator. He is a regular attendent at the Methodist church and a generous supporter. Either as lawyer or man he is large of heart, sympathetic and friendly—is very genial and enters heartily into all social schemes “to drive dull care away.” He is unmarried. William Brackett Weeks, son of William P., and brother of Joseph D., born at’Canaan April, 1839, educated at Canaan academy, was graduated from Dartmouth college, 1861, read law with his father, was admitted to the bar and practiced at Canaan a short time, then emigrated to West Virginia with the intention of making a home there ; but the war raged everywhere, and northern men were not welcome. In a few months he came back to his native hills, and became an attorney at Lebanon, where he has continued to reside. He is counted a well read lawyer and his correct legal knowledge se- cures him the confidence of business men. In 1866 he married Miss Hen- xietta Bridgeman, of Hanover. Isaac Newton Blodgett, A. M., son of Caleb and Charlotte B., born in Canaan, January, 1838, educated at Canaan academy, read law in the office of Rolfe & Marshall, at Concord, and with William P, Weeks, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1861. In May, 1861, married Sarah, daughter of Rev. Moses and Cynthia S. Gould. From the date of his admission to the bar he was paxtner with Mr. Weeks for six months, when he bought out the business and continued to practice in the same office until 1867, when he removed to Franklin and became a partner with Mr. Pike. Always a politician, he has several times represented Franklin as a Democrat, and was chairman of the Democratic state convention in the campaign of 1876. He was for several years town treasurer of Franklin, and proved himself an able financier. He was successful as a lawyer. A vacancy occurring in the Supreme court in 1881, he was appointed to that bench, and has worn its honors with dignity, preserving a reputation for wisdom and impartiality. From Dartmouth col- lege he received the degree of A. M. in 1875. Frank D. Currier, son of Horace S. and Emma P. Currier, born in Canaan 76 GRAFTON COUNTY.’ October, 18x3, educated at Canaan Union academy, and in a school at Lowell, read law with Mr. Pike, at Franklin, admitted to the bar ar Concord, April, 1877, then spent one year in the office of Mr. Murray, at East Canaan, and afterwards opened an office in the same village. He was studious and ener- getic, and is said to have managed his cases with such skill as to give him a good standing as alawyer. But his career was nota long one. The facina- tions of politics were more attractive than the abstruce themes of law. The people sent him to Concord once. In 1883 he was elected clerk of the House of Representatives, and at the session of 1885 was made clerk of the Senate. He has served two campaigns as secretary of the Republican state committee, and in that position has rendered his party good service. Dansury.*—William Taylor Norris was born in Danbury, then in Grafton county, April 1, 1822. His father, William C. Norris, was a native of Salis- bury, whose father, Samuel Norris, was a native of Epping, married Sally Fraquier, of Nottingham, and raised a large family. His mother was an Elliott, of Concord, whose mother was a Carter of Canterbury. He is one of fourteen children. His youth was passed on a farm, with scant common school privileges. He fitted for college, beginning at twenty, at Canaan Union academy, took a partial course at Norwich university, studied theology a while, with a view to being a Universalist minister, read law in the office of Weeks & Sargent, at Canaan, and Crofoot & Broadhead, at Pontiac, Oakland county, Michigan, and was admitted to the bar at Detroit in May, 1849. He formed a partnership with Judge H. E. Hoyt, of Milford, Oakland county, and was in practice there nearly a year, when, on account of his wife’s health, he was obliged to return to his old home. Hethen went to California after gold, to stand probation on, came back without it, and began practice in the town where he was born in 1854. In 1856 he wasa member of the legislature, and re-elected in 1857, Here he continued in practice till he entered the firm of Eastman, Page & Norris, at Concord, in January, 1875. In a year Judge Eastman went out of practice, and the firm became Page & Norris. Dur- ing the existence of this firm the notorious Pembroke murderer, La Page, was twice defended by them, on the first trial Mr. Page acting a senior counsel Mr. Norris taking that place on the second trial. When Mr. Page went to Woodsville the firm of W. T. & H. F. Norris was formed, and run a few years. He is now in business alone in his native town. In 1857 Dartmouth college conferred on him the honorary degree of master of arts, and for a couple of years he was a member of the board of trustees of the state Normal school. Stillman Clark was born in Dickinson, Franklin county, New York, No- vember 20, 1833, came to Danbury when quite young. He supplemented limited school training with a few years at an academy, served about three years in the Union army, read law with Judge Mason, of Bristol, was admitted in May, 1866, was postmaster here fifteen years or more, but never engaged *Danbury, until July 10, 1874, was a part of Grafton county. BENCH AND BAR. "7 in active practice of the profession. He has for a number of years been run- ning a country store, and turning his attention somewhat to farming. ENFIELD.*—Samuel Rice, who was in practice here from 1816 to 1824, read’ law with Judge Sumner, of Charlestown, N. H., and came to Enfield from East: Lebanon, where-he had been previously located. Mr. Rice was a man of more than ordinary ability, but owing to various troubles and embarrassments. did not attain the success to which his powers entitled him. He was in pol- itics a Democrat, but not a churchman. His family was a wife, one son and four daughters. He finally removed to Lowell, Mass., where he died. Nathaniel W. Westgate was in practice here from 1827 to 1836. (See Haverhill.) James G. Harvey, a notary of Canterbury, N. H., was located here about. one year in the practice, in 1881 and 1882. He did not attend court and did’ not apply for admission to the bar of the county. He studied law with Hon. D. C. Denison, of Vermont, and was admitted to the bar of Windsor county in 1880. Since his return from Enfield, he has been engaged in successful. practice at White River Junction, Vt. Hanover.ft—We do not certainly know who was the first resident attor- ney. There are doubtful traces of one in 1775. But for conveyancing and other local business appropriate to this profession our people for many of the early years relied upon the services of Prof. Bezaleel Woodward, who was at the same time justice of the peace, holding regular terms of court at Han- over, and one of the justices of the county Court of Common Pleas. The first regular practitioner whose name appears on the dockets of Judge Wood- ward’s court was Aaron Hutchinson, of Lebanon, in 1787 or 1788, but he never resided in Hanover. At about the same time (1787) there came hither to’reside, Bela Turner,. Jr., son of a merchant and inn-keeper of that name, in Lebanon. He was a member of the bar of the Superior court, but appears to have enjoyed but a. very limited practice. He is supposed to have removed to Landaff in 1794, and thence to Bath, where he died in 1814, aged forty-nine years. Wilham H. Woodward, (the middle initial was inserted by act of legislature June, 1807,) eldest son of Prof. Bezaleel Woodward, and the first male child. born on the college plain, graduated from Dartmouth college in 1792 and began the practice of the law at Hanover the following year. He was treas- urer of the college from 1805 to 1816, chief justice of the Court of Common, Pleas, western or second circuit, from 1813 to 1818, and died August, 1818,. aged forty-three years. He was an able man and a good lawyer, though somewhat technical, and highly esteemed in social life. Benjamin Joseph Gilbert, born in Brookfield, Mass, graduated at Yale college in 1786, and settled in the practice at Hanover in 1792. He held a *By W. F. Westgate. +By Hon. F. Chase. 78 GRAFTON COUNTY. prominent position at the bar of this county until 1826, when he gave up business and removed to Boston to reside with his children. He died there in 1849, aged eighty-five years. He was solicitor for Grafton county several years, councilor in 1809-11, and was member of the House of Representatives’ in 1800, procured the incorporation of the fourth New Hampshire turnpike. He was prominent in political life on the federal side. As a lawyer he tanked high for sound learning. Webster, who enjoyed and valued his friendship, took repeated occasion in public to express a high estimate of his capacity and attainments. Mills Olcott, son of Gov. Peter Olcott, of Norwich, Vt., graduated at Dart- mouth in 1790, entered on the practice of the law at Hanover in 1800, and spent his life here. Being an extensive land owner and much occupied with other business, he was prevented from taking a very active position at the bar. He was treasurer of Dartmouth college from 1816-22, and from 1821 to 1845 a prominent member of its corporation. As its attorney he insti- tuted the suit upon which, in 1819, was rendered the judgment in the college case. He was an ardent federalist, and one of the two New Hampshire del- egates to the Hartford convention in 1814. He enjoyed the intimate friend- ‘ship of Webster, Mason and Smith, and their contemporaries. Choate and Joseph Bell married into his family. He did not aspire to eminence as a lawyer, but his extraordinary business capacity, his elegant presence, his generosity and universal friendliness, his abounding hospitality and his wide acquaintance gave him a position altogether unique in this community. He died in 1845, aged seventy-one years. Henry Hutchinson, son of Aaron Hutchinson, Esq., of Lebanon, a grad- uate of 1804, settled here in 1810 and remained until 1825, when he removed to New York city. He was a brother-in-law of Judge W. H. Woodward and a strong partisan of the “ University” in 1816-19. He died in New York in 1838, aged fifty-three years. James R, Wheelock, of the class of 1807, was a son of James Wheelock, Esq., of Hanover, and grandson of the founder of the college. He was ad- mitted to the Grafton bar September, 1813, and practiced at Hanover till 1817, when he gave up the law for the ministry. He died at Boston, Mass., November, 1841, aged fifty-one years. , Barna Tisdale, Jr., born in Lebanon, graduated at Dartmouth 1809. He was an attorney in Hanover from 1815 to 1819, but not in heavy practice. He then retired to a farm. He removed to Bradford, Mass., in 1856, and died there in 1860, aged seventy-two years. George Wheeler, of the class of 1807, came here from Troy, N. Y., in 1815, and remained till about 1830. He was for a while a partner of Mr. ‘Olcott, and afterwards postmaster of the village. He returned to Troy in 1830, where he died in 1870, aged eighty-seven years, William Smith spent his boyhood in Salisbury and in Haverhill, studied law with Hon. A. G. Britton, of Orford, and was admitted to the Grafton bar BENCH AND BAR. 79 September, 1813. He practiced at Hanover from about 1817 to 1833, when he removed to Lowell, Mass. Hon. B. F. Butler studied there in his office, and formed a partnership with his son who took the name of Henry F. Durant. Mr. Smith afterwards accompanied his son to Boston, and died there at an advanced age. ‘He was a busy lawyer, devoted mainly to office practice and the conduct of routine actions. Ninian C. Betton, of the class of 1814, a student of the Websters, prac- ticed here from 1820 to 1823. He then removed: to Boston, where he enjoyed considerable prominence at the bar, and died in 1856, aged sixty- eight years. Timothy Farrar, Jr., son of Hon. Timothy Farrar, of New Ipswich, came here, from Portsmouth, in 1822, as treasurer of the college. He had pre- viously acquired considerable eminence, had taken an active part on the side of the college in the great litigation, and published a report of the case in a volume of 400 pages. He was in 1824 advanced to the bench of the Common Pleas. Giving this up in 1838, he returned to Portsmouth, and thence removed to Exeter and to Boston, where he died in 1874, aged eighty- six years. William T. Haddock, afterwards Heydock, of the class of 1819, a brother of Prof. C. B. Haddock, and son of William Haddock, of Franklin, read law with Daniel Webster, and practiced at Hanover from 1822 to 1828. He re- moved successively to Concord, and Boston and Lowell, Mass. He died at Hanover, in 1837, aged thirty-seven years. He published, in 1829, a New Hampshire Probate directory of great excellence. Edward R. Olcott, son of Mills Olcott, a graduate of 1825, practiced here from 1828 to 1830. He then removed to Haverhill, and afterwards to Louis- iana, where he was raised to the bench, He died in 1869, aged sixty-four years. William Olcott, also son of Mills Olcott, graduated from college in 1827, practiced at Hanover from 1830 to 1835. He removed to Rochester and to Buffalo, N. Y., and then to, Shreveport, La., where he died in 1851, aged forty-one years. Ira Perley, son of Samuel Perley, of Boxford, Mass., a graduate of Dart- mouth in 1822, and a tutor till 1825, read law at Hanover-with B. J. Gilberts and settled here in practice in 1827. He was college treasurer from 1830 to 1835. He removed to Concord in 1834. He was raised to the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1850, and in 1855 was appointed chief justice. He died in 1874, aged seventy-four years. Solon Grout, of Brattleboro, Vt., came to Hanover and entered on the practice in 1832. He was for a time a partner of Mills Olcott. He removed about 1835, and finally returned to Bellows Falls, where he died. Daniel Blaisdell, son of Hon. Eljiah Blaisdell was born at Pittsfield, spent his youth at Canaan, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1827. He read law with Joseph Bell, at Haverhill, practiced there from 1830 to 1832, than at 80 GRAFTON COUNTY. Lebanon a year, and finally removed to Hanover in 1833. He was forty years treasurer of the College, from 1835 to 1875, and at the same time an able industrious and enthusiastic practitioner of the law. He was senator in 1863-65, and several years a member of the House, Through this long period of forty-two years active professional service unexamplied at Hanover, he possessed in a remarkable degree the esteem and confidence of the commu- nity. He diedin August, 1875, aged sixty-nine years. William H. Duncan, was of Scotch-Irish blood, a native of Candia. He graduated from the college in 1830, with the highest honors, and read law at Charleston S. C. He practiced at Haverhill a year or two, and came to Han- over in 1837. He died in 1883, aged seventy-five years. He had the ad- vantage of a graceful manner, scholarly talker, ready wit, extraordinary power of expression, and attractive social qualities. Augustine O. Brewster, son of Col. Amos A. Brewster, of Hanover, fifteen years high sheriff of Grafton county, graduated at Dartmouth in 1843. He studied law with Mr. Duncan and others, and practiced here from 1846 to 1850. He then removed to New York city, and in 1852 to Boston, where he now is. Frederick Chase, a native of Hanover, son of the late Prof. Stephen, Chase, and a graduate of Dartmouth of 1860, commenced practice herein 1874. He had previously been at the bar in Washington D. C. He became treasurer of the college in 1875, and judge of the Probate for Grafton county in 1876. Henry A. Folsom, born in Sandwich, a graduate of Dartmouth in 1871, came to the bar in Boston, where he acquired an enviable standing in the profession, but driven from it by failing health, removed to Hanover in 1882. HaveErRHILL.*—Moses Dow.—The exact time when General Dow came to Haverhill, is not certainly known, but it must have been previous to 1774, as in that year he was appointed by the Court of the General Sessions of the Peace, to act as king’s attorney, in the absence of the attorney-general. His native place was Atkinson, and his father’s name was John Dow. Of his early education we have no information, but his academic course was pursued at Harvard college, from which he graduated in 1769. When and with whom he read law is also unknown. He began the practice of his profession, in all probability, at Haverhill, soon after his admission to the bar, and continued to do so till he was appointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, with an interruption of five years at Plymouth. He was unquestionably one of the strong and leading lawyers in the early history of the Grafton county bar, and held a prominent position, not only in his profession, but also in popular esteem. His name occurs repeatedly in the town records as taking an active part in town affairs, and he filled various town offices from 1783 till toward — the close of his life. In addition to these places of service and honor, he was called into larger spheres of trust. For four years he was solicitor for Grafton *By J. Q. Bittinger. BENCH AND BAR. 81 county, and from 1774, for a period of thirty years, he was register of Pro- bate. In 1780-81 he represented the town of Haverhill in the legislature, and as early as 1790, he was a member of the state Senate, of which body he was chosen president during his term of senatorial service. Preyious to this he was a member of the governor’s council. He was interested in military matters, and was a brigadier-general of the state militia. In 1808 he was ap- pointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Grafton county, which office he held till the close of his life. General Dow was also elected to the Continental Congress, by the General Assembly of New Hampshire, but de- clined the honor on the ground that he did not feel himself qualified for the high responsibilities of the position. General Dow was the first postmaster of Hiavachill, and received his com- mission for that office from President Washington. He took a deep interest in all local matters, and was active in promoting the welfare of the town. His name appears as one of the incorporators of Haverhill academy, and he was a heavy subscriber to the stock of a bridge company, for the purpose of building a bridge across the Connecticut river in Haverhill. He was the owner of the “Dow farm,” so-called in local parlance, a tract of land two and a half miles north of Haverhill Corner. His residence was that now owned and occupied by Milo Bailey. General Dow was a man of great independence of mind, and early led off in a protest against being taxed for the preaching of the gospel. He was fond of discussion, especially the discussion of religious questions. In per- son he was tall and commanding, with dignified bearing and courtly manners, As a citizen he was enterprising, energetic, a true and earnest patriot, and a man of high character and fine literary attainments. His prominent stand- ing in his profession, and his great abilities, made him not only a foremost citizen of the town, but eminent in the county and in the State. General Dow married Phebe Emerson, by whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters, and died in Haverhill, in 1811. Alden Sprague was born in Rochester, Mass., and came to Haverhill about 1796. He was married twice. A daughter by the first wife married James I. Swan, a lawyer of Bath, His second wife was Eunice Stoddard, 2 remark- able woman, and they had five children. E. C. Sprague, a prominent lawyer of Buffalo, N. Y., is a grandson of Alden Sprague, and was the author of the famous Sprague—Clark letter in the campaign of 1884. Alden Sprague was a learned and acute lawyer, a very eloquent advocate, and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. He was a favorite in society, and aman of wit and brains. The late Judge Rand’s mother was a daughter of Alden Sprague. He was admitted to the bar in Cheshire county, and studied, probably, with his half brother, Peleg Sprague. Mr. Sprague was a tall and dignified man of gentle manners, manly in his bearing, and ae spirited, taking a leading part in town affairs. He died in Barnet, Vt., 1811. \ 82 GRAFTON COUNTY, John Porter, born in Haverhill, was the son of Asa Porter and Mehite- bel (Crocker) Porter. Read law in Chester and practiced there, afterward moved to Haverhill in 1795. He practiced in Newbury, Vt. He married a Miss Webster, of Chester, and moved to Canada. Moses Dow, Jr., son of Moses and Phebe (Emerson) Dow, studied, it is thought, with his father, and began the practice of the law in Haverhill in 1800, He was judge of Probate from 1808 till 1838, and was also post- master in Haverhill for a number of years. Mr. How was a man of little force of character.. George Woodward, born in Hanover, was a grandson of president Wheelock of Dartmouth college. He began the practice of law in Haverhill in 1805, married for his first wife a Miss Leverett, of Windsor, Vt., and for his second wife a daughter of Capt. Webster, of Plymouth. He was clerk of the court, a member of church, and died in Lowell. John Nelson, born in Exeter, in 1778,graduated at Dartmouth college. Read law with Charles Marsh, of Woodstock, Vt., and Peter O. Thacher, of Boston. practiced in Haverhill, and died there. He had eleven children. As a lawyer he is said to have been nearly as good as Bell, but lacked his physical power. Was associated with Hon. Richard Fletcher in the famous. Dow and Bell breach of promise case. Mr. Nelson was a lawyer of high stand- ing in ability and character. He married for his first wife Susannah, daugh- ter of Ebenezer Brewster, of Hanover, and for his second wife Lois Everett, daughter of Mr. Everett, of Windsor, Vt., who was a representative in con- gress for twenty years. Henry Hutchinson was admitted to the bar of the Common Pleas at Sep- tember term 1807, from the office of Aaron Hutchinson, and began the practice of law in Haverhill in 1810. Daniel Sloane, born in Pelham Mass., in 1780, worked his way through Dartmouth college, and graduated in 1806. He read law with George Woodward, of Haverhill, and with W. H. Woodward, of Hanover and began practice at Haverhill in 1811. He married a daughter of Capt. Thomas Johnson, of Newbury, Vt., and had two sons graduate at Dartmouth college. Mr. Sloane was a shrewd and astute lawyer and a man of prominence. He died in 1860. , Joseph Bell, born in Bradford, N. H., in 1787, was a son of Joseph and Mary (Houston) Bell, and was of Scotch-Irish parentage. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1807, and taught in Haverhill academy in 1807-08. Read law with Fion. Samuel Bell, of Amherst, Hon. Samuel Dana, of Boston, Hon. Jeremiah Smith of Exeter, and began the practice of his profession in Haverhill in 1811, and continued there till 1842, when he moved to Boston, and became associated with the late Henry F. Durant. Whilst at Haverhill Mr. Bell was solicitor for Grafton county, represented the town a number of years in the General Court, and was a candidate for Congress in 1835. He was also cashier of the Grafton county bank, and afterward its president. BENCH AND BAR. 83. Mr. Bell, while he resided in Boston, was a member of the Masschusetts legislature, both of the House and of the Senate. He was also president of the Senate for one term. Mr Bell married Catharine, daughter of Mills Olcott of Hanover. They had three children, one sonand two daughters. In 1837 Mr. Bell received the honorary degree of LL. D., from Dartmouth college. In personal appearance he was a large, powerful, compactly built man. His posi- tion as a lawyer was in the front rank in the state, of his time. He had a large and lucrative practice, and was in those days a high priced lawyer. His practice extended into the neighboring counties. He was stronger as a lawyer than as an advocate. Inspeach he was loud and imperious, and often turned the sympathies of the jury away from him on this account. He was naturally aristocratic and overbearing. Had Mr. Bell spent the prime of his life in a larger center he would have gained more than a state reputation. He died at Saratoga in 1851. Samuel Cortland began the practice of law in Haverhill in 1825, and con- tinued to do so till 1838. He was a man of excellent ability, and held the position of state senator.at onetime. His political ambition was not fully gratified, and he is said to have been a disappointed man. He was a person of fine character and excellent ability, but lacking some in force. He was personally attractive, and of kindly disposition. Edmund Carleton, a son of Dr. Carleton, born in Haverhill, graduated at Dartmouth college, read law with Joseph Bell, was admitted at Haverhill in 1828, and began practice there. He married Miss Coffin, sister of C. C. Coffin (Carleton ” of the Boston Journal). We was a man of precise man- ners, a church member, and extremely anti-slavery'in sentiment. Hale Atkinson Johnson was born in Haverhill in 1801, a son of Capt. Michael and Sarah (Atkinson) Johnson. He graduated at Dartmouth col- lege in 1825, taught in Northumberland, Pa, read law with James McKeen, of New York, finished with Joseph Bell, was admitted to the barin 1829, and practiced in Haverhill till 1831, when he died of consumption. He was a man of hopeful professional prospects. Daniel Blasdell was born in Pittsfield in 1806, son of Hon. Elijah B. and Mary (Fogg) Blasdell. He fitted for college at Kimball Union academy and graduated at Dartmouth college in 1827. Read law with Joseph Bell, admitted in 1830, and began practice at Haverhill with John Nelson, moved to Lebanon and thence to Hanover, where he continued his profession, and was. also treasurer of Dartmouth college for many years, was representative for several years, state senator and presidential elector in 1860. A man of courtly manners, exact in speech, close and patient lawyer, and Unitarian in religion. He died in 1879 (?). Edward R. Olcott.—(See Hanover.) Jonathan Bliss was born in Randolph, Vt., in 1799. He graduated from Dartmouth college in 1824, read:law with Joseph Bell, William C. Thompson, and at Northampton, Mass. Began practice at Haverhill and at Plymouth 84 ; GRAFTON COUNTY. in 1828. In 1836 he moved to Gainesville, Ala. He married for his first wife Lucretia, daughter of Hon. William Leverett, of Windsor, Vt., and ‘second, Mary, daughter of Dr. Samuel Kidder, of Charlestown, Mass., .and third, Mrs. Maria Kidder, of Medford, Mass. He died in 1882 or 1883. William H. Duncan.—(See Hanover.) Samuel C. Webster was a lawyer in Haverhill in 1835. He remained in Haverhill only one year, where he died. —(See Plymouth.) Nathan B. Felton, born in Pelham, Mass., in 1798, fitted for college in ‘Chester, Vt., graduated at Middlebury college, Vt., in 1819, read law with ‘Gen. Charles W. Field, of Newfane, Vt., began to practice law at Lebanon, afterward, 1834. moved to Haverhill and practiced law there till his death. He was clerk’ of the cuurt for ten years, representative, and register of pro- bate, also served in town offices. He was a man of slight body, large head, of quaint humor, a learned lawyer, a safe counsellor, and a man of marked ‘integrity. David H. Collins.—Of Mr. Collins little can be learned. He came to Haverhill in 1838 or ’39, from Deerfield, and was engaged in the register of deeds’ office for a few years. He was in poor health, and soon left Haverhill for his home, where he diéd of consumption. He was a very worthy man, but not very social, and a little singular.. Jonas Darius Sleeper was born in Guilford, and received his education at New Hampton and at Brown University, Providence, R. I. He read law with Hon. Josiah Quincy, of Rumney, whose daughter he married. He was ad- mitted in 1842, commenced . practice at Hill, was appointed clerk of the Grafton county court in 1848, which position he held till: 1860, when he became.cashier.of the State Capitol bank of Concord. Afterward he was ap- pointed.clerk of the Merrimack county court, and-continued in office till his death. Mr. Sleeper was also, at one time, a state senator. He was a man of integrity, ability and fidelity, of social and genial companionship, and an -excellent citizen, a friend to all,-and all friends to him. He died in 1868. John S. Bryant was born in Meredith in 1800, wasa self-made man, came to Haverhill and began to practice law in 1846, and died there in 1873. He was full of energy, public-spirited, and a very agreeable man in society, and naturally a man well-endowed. David Page, son of Samuel, was born in Haverhill, Mass., August 6, 1809, and removed with his parents to Benton, when about four years of age. Until twenty-one years of age, he aided his father and brothers in clearing and doing the work of the farm, and attended the district school during the winters. Then, being determined to obtain a better education, he worked his way through several terms at the Haverhill academy, prepared himself for teach- ing, and followed this vocation several winters. In 1839 he went to Groton asa clerk in the store of Moses Pike, and married Margaret Taylor, a native of Derry, N. H.,and a teacher in that town, December 31, 1844. Soon after his marriage, he moved to Haverhill. Mr. Page was admitted to the BENCH AND BAR. 85 bar in Haverhill, in 1845, and practiced several years. He afterwards pur- chased a store and stock of goods, and went into the mercantile business, which he continued until 1857. After this he practiced law, and did a large business in procuring pensions after the war. In his early life he was a mem- ber of the militia, of which he became a captain. He served as selectman in Benton, and was several years auditor of Haverhill. His wife died in March, 1881, and his death occurred July 1, 1881. Of his five children, two died in infancy, and Elvira, born in 1847, is now the wife of Alvin Burleigh, Esq., of Plymouth, N. H.; Martha A. became the wife of C. R. Whitney, of Keene, and is now deceased ; and Samuel T. W. C. Thompson was a lawyer in Haverhill previous to 1855, in which year he went away. He was an elegant and accomplished man. He married Mary Orcutt, of Hanover. George Willey Chapman, born in 1830, in New Chester (now Hollis), educated at Cleveland, Ohio, Northfield, and Hill academy, studied law in Cleveland, Ohio, with Willey & Carey, with J. D. Sleeper, of Hill, and with Judge Nesmith and Pike, of Franklin, was admitted to the bar at Plymouth in 1849. He practiced at Hill till 1853, since then at Haverhill, and married Eleanor H. Towle, of Haverhil). Mr. Chapman has been a successful, prom- inent lawyer, of a large: and lucrative practice, public spirited, agreeable in society, hospitable and abounding in story and anecdote. He is now presi- dent of Bradford Savings bank, Vt. Charles Robert Morrison. (See Bath). Hon. Nathaniel Waite Westgate was born in Plainfield, N. H., January 26, 1801, son of Earland Elizabeth (Wait) Westgate. Until fifteen years of age his lot was that common to boys of country birth—attending district school. At this age, however, his school life was interrupted by a serious illness, that confined him for two years to the house, and left him with a lameness from which he has never recovered. When health was sufficiently restored he resumed the pursuit of an education, attending school at Kimball Union academy at Meri- den, where he took the prescribed course. Choosing the law as a profession he, at the age of twenty-two, entered the office of Charles Flanders, Esq., asa stu- dent and was admitted to practice at Newportin the autumn of 1827. Imme- diately afterward he located at Enfield Center, opened an office, and for a period of nearly thirty yeasr continued to reside here, engaged in the prac- tice of his profession, before the courts of Grafton and Sullivan counties. Chosen to the office of register of probate in March, 1856, he assumed its duties in July, and took up his residence in Haverhill in the house where he still lives. From register he was appointed to the position of judge of probate, succeed- ing Judge Berry when he was elected governor in 1851, and retired from the office only when advancing age disqualfied him for its duties, in 1871. In politics, originally a Whig, the principles enunciated by the Republican party upon its formation met his approval, and he became an early and permanent adherent to its creed. During his residence in Enfield he filled with credit 6* 86 GRAFTON COUNTY. various offices of public trust, including those of superintendent of schools, town clerk and postmaster for several years. He was chosen representative from Haverhill in the legislature in 1861. His duties as register and judge of probate, have taken him at stated intervals to all parts of Grafton county, and in his long official career has given him a personal acquaintance with many of its inhabitants, wherein his hearty cordiality, unequivocal sincerity and sound judgment, have established universal respect and profound regard. The care and sagacity which have’marked his private business life and made it successful have mace his counsel and advice highly valued, and often sought in business matters. Generosity, benevolence and philanthropy have characterized his response to calls for aid in all projects calculated to enhance the material, social, intellectual or religious welfare of the community in which he lives, as well as in many cases of private necessity. Quiet and un- assuming by nature, his official trusts have come as the result of public con- fidence in recognized ability and integrity, rather than of self-seeking, and his influence for good in the community has been by an example known, read and approved of his fellow-men. Now, from the good old age of eighty-five, he has reason for calm satisfaction and honest pride, in looking back over a lifetime of honorable public service, stainless private character, domestic felic- ity and financial success. He married for his first wife Lydia J., daugiter of Doctor Prentiss, of Spring field, who died five years after marriage. His present estimable helpmeet,. Louise, daughter of Austin Tyler, of Claremont, became his wife November 14, 1842, and is the mother of his six children : Tyler, born at Enfield, De- cember 2, 1843, was educated at Kimball Union academy, graduating in the class of 1864, has served as register of probate four years, as clerk of the state Senate, as postmaster at Haverhill from 1881 to 85, and is now of the firm of Poor & Westgate, merchants at Haverhill, He married Lucretia M. Sawyer who is now deceased. Nathaniel W., Jr., born January 19, 1846, studied at Kimball Union and Haverhill azademies, enlisted at the age of eighteen, served in the Civil war and died in the rebel prison at Danville, Va., January 7, 1865. William Francis Westgate, son of Nathaniel W., educated at Haverhill, Kim- ball Union and New London academies, graduated from the Chandler scien- tific department, Dartmonth college, studied law with G. F. Putnam, Esq., admitted to practice in March, 1880, and has since practiced law/and civilengi- neering at Haverhill. He has served as superintendent of schools, as repre- sentative in the legislature of 1882, and as register ot probate since July, 1884. Jennie L., a daughter, and George H., of Haverhill, are also children of N. W. Westgate. George F. Putnam, born in Croydon, educated at Thetford academy: and Norwich university, Vt., read law with N. B. Felton, of Haverhill, and Judge C. R. Munson, of Manchester, was admitted at Manchester in 1867. He began practice in Haverhill in 1867, afterward at Warren, and then again in BENCH AND BAR. 87 Haverhill. In 1882 he moved to Kansas City, Mo., where he now is in practice He married a daughter of Sylvanus Reding, of Haverhill. Mr. Putnam held many public positions. He was representative from Haverhill and from Warren, solicitor of Grafton county, and a delegate to the St. Louis conven- tion that‘nominated Mr. Tilden for President, is an able and successful law- yer, public spirited, energetic, affable, and a model ot physique and health, Luther Colby Morse, born in Haverhill, in 1834, educated at Newbury and Dartmouth college, read law with Oliver A. Lull and Nath. W. Westgate, of Haverhill, admitted at Haverhill in 1863, and began practice there. Reg- ister of probate for ten years from 1860. Says “put in a substitute during the war.” He is now living somewhere in the west. Samuel Taylor Page, son of David, was educated at the district school, the Haverhill and. Kimball Union academies, and at Dartmouth college from which he graduated in 1871, working his way through the course, in part by teaching. He studied law at Manchester, was admitted to the bar at Am- herst, in May, 1874, and has always resided in Haverhill. He has served as school superintendent of this town eight years, and was register of probate for Grafton county in 1874 and ’75 and from 1879 to 1885, and represented . Haverhill in the General Court in 1877-78. He married Frances M. Eaton, of Manchester, in October, 1872, and has two children, Gracie M., born Jan- uary 12, 1874, and Donald T., born October 27, 1878. Mr. Page is now general business manager of the New Hampshire Democratic Press Company at Concord. Samuel Berkley Page, born at Littleton in 1838, educated at Exeter, Mc- Indoe’s Falls, Vt., and Union college, N. Y., read law with Woods and Bing- hams, and at the law school, Albany, N. Y., began practice at Wells River, Vt., afterward at Warren, Concord, and then at Woodsville, in Haverhill. He married Martha C. Lang, of Bath. Mr. Page was representative from War- ren for a number of years; from Concord a member of constitutional con- vention in 1876. He is a lawyer of ability, and does a large business. Hitu.*t—Hon. Nathan Crosby, son of Asa and Rebecca (Holt) Crosby, of Sandwich, N. H., and brother of Prof. Alpheus Crosby, the eminent Greek scholar, and Dr. Dixi Crosby, the eminent medical practitioner and instructor, was born at that place February 12, 1798, and died at Lowell, Mass., Febru- ary 10, 1885. He was in the practice of law at Hill from about 1823 to 1826. He graduated from Dartmouth college in 1820, Among his distin- guished classmates were Hon. George W. Nesmith, Hon. N. G. Upham and Hon. George P. Marsh. He was engaged in the practice of law successively at Gilmanton, in partnership with his old preceptor Mr. Moody, whose daugh-. ter he married; at Amesbury, Mass., and at Newburyport. Though he had met with good success at the bar, in 1829 he entered in the business of man- * By George W. Chapman, Esq. + Hill, until July 1, 1868, was a part of Grafton county. 88 GRAFTON COUNTY. ufacturing as agent of the Salisbury Company. After six years he became agent of the Massachusetts Temperance Union. In 1843 he resumed the practice of law at Lowell. He was employed in 1845 and 1846 in purchas- ing the New Hampshire lakes for reservoirs by the corporations in Lowell and Lawrence. In May of the latter year he became justice of the Lowell Police Court, held the office more than thirty-eight years, and until a few weeks before his death. He performed a great amount of literary work, lectured much on temperance, edited the Zemperance Journal, published articles entitled, “The First Half Century of Dartmouth College,” “History of the Crosby Family,” ‘Reminiscences of Distinguished Men of Essex County,” “Eulogy on Hon. Tappan Wentworth,” “Memorial Address on Judge Samuel S. Wilde,” and made a multitude of other contributions to current literature and history. Formerly he was a Whig in politics. He was a devoted and life-long member of the Congregational church. In his judi- cial term he did not announce his political creed. He was a Prohibitionist in doctrine, but perhaps not in politics. Nine children were of his first marriage. His second marriage occurred in 1870. Several children survived him. George W. Phelps located here from about 1827 to 1843. (See Bristol.) Jonas D. Sleeper located here from about 1843 to 1848. (See Haverhill.) George W. Chapman located here 1848 to 1853. (See Haverhill.) HOLDERNESS AND ASHLAND.*—Hon. Samuel Livermore was a descendant of John Livermore, of Watertown, Mass. He was born in Waltham, Mass., May 14, 1732—two months and twenty days after the birth of Washington, He graduated at Princeton, N. J., in 1752, was at Falmouth (now Portland, Me.,) in 1754, and was a witness to the signatures appended to a treaty with the Penobscot Indians, which treaty was ‘done and concluded at Falmouth, Casco Bay, July 6, 1754.” He came to Portsmouth, N. H., in 1757. Sep- tember 22, 1759, he married Jane, daughter of Rev. Arthur Browne, of Ports- mouth, who was the first church minister in New Hampshire, and who is cel- ebrated by Longfellow in his bright little poem of ‘“‘I.ady Wentworth.” He was one of the grantees of the town of New Holderness (Holderness since 1816) in 1761. In the same year he was one of the wardens of Rev. Arthur Browne’s church, in Portsmouth. In 1768 he was appointed the King’s attor- ney-general for New Hampshire, which office he held till the Revolution. In the years 1768—69—70, he was a member of the House of Representatives from Londonderry. In 1774 he moved to New Holderness (now Holderness), where he settled upon a large farm upon the bank-of the Pemigewasset river, opposite Plymouth village. Here he erected a flouring-mill, and for two years or more—about 1775—76—he tended the mill with his own hands. While *By Colonel Thomas P. Cheney. + Ashland was constituted from the territory of Holderness, July 1, 1868. BENCH AND BAR, 89 there thus employed he received a letter from Governor John Wentworth, as follows :— “To SaMUEL LIVERMORE, Esq., 7 Attorney General, Sir :-— I have frequent occasion to consult you, on many points, as Attorney General, and therefore desire you will come directly on receipt of this letter. I am, Sir, Your humble servant, Joun WENTWoRTH. “Portsmouth, 7th Jan’y, 1775, : : Sat. Morning, 10 o'clock. Considerable discussion has been had as to the political attitude of Mr. Livermore at that time, but his absence from the seat of government, his employment, and the necessity for the governor to write this urgent ‘letter to him, would indicate that he was not a very earnest loyalist. June 12,1776 he was appointed “Justice of the Peace for the colony’ of New Hampshire. February.19, 1778, he was chosen attorney-general. In 1779 he was elected and served as representative for the towns of New Holderness (now Holderness) and Rumney. November 4, 1779, he was chosen, by the General Assembly, commissioner to support the claims of New Hampshire to the New Hampshire Grants west of the Connecticut river. He was chosen member of Congress in 1780-1782, and June 21, 1782, was chosen chief justice of the state (succeeding Hon. Meshech Weare), and so remained till 1790. He was a member of the Federal convention in 1788, and president of the same. In 1791 and 1793 was again member of Con- gress. He received the degree (honorary) of LL. D. from Dartmouth col- lege in 1792. He was chosen United States senator from New Hampshire upon the expiration of his last term in the United States Houses of Representa- tives. He made his journeys to and from Congress with his own horse and carriage, Major William Shepard, of Holderness, his servant, driving him and family on such occasions. He was a brother to Hon. Israel Livermore, who settled at Livermore’s Falls, Me. Israel Livermore was the father of Hon. Hanibal Hamlin’s mother. Samuel Livermore died at New Holderness (now Holderness), May, 1803, aged 71. He was buried in the grounds of the North church, Holderness, about one third of a mile east from Plymouth village, the spot being marked by a heavy marble slab, properly inscribed, which covers the grave. Mrs. Betsey Shepard, of Ashland, N. H., now (April, 1886) in her rorst year, remembers Samuel Livermore well, and speaks of him, as a “dignified gentleman,” and the ‘man who knew the most of any one anywhere about here.” “If anybody wanted to know auything they went to Judge Liver- more, his say-so was the law.” Arthur Livermore, son of Samuel Livermore, was born at Portsmouth, N ? go GRAFTON COUNTY. H., July 29, 1766. In 1774 the family removed to, Holderness, N. H., where Arthur ever after lived. He married Louise Bliss, of Haverhill, N. H. His death occurred July 1, 1853, and he was buried in the grounds of the North church in Holderness. His early manhood was spent upon the farm and tending the grist-mill which his father had erected. His education was received from his father and mother, both of whom had been learnedly educated. That he was a classical scholar appears from the Latin and Greek text books used by him and containing his boyish signature, now in possession of one of his sons. The following is from the pen of ex-associ- ate justice, Jeremiah Smith :— Arthur Livermore may be said to have been “ born in the ermine.” His father, and brother Edward St. Loe Livermore, both preceded him upon the bench. His name was strongly urged for the vacancy in the Superior court caused by his brother's resignation in 1798; but the appointment was first conferred upon another person, who did not accept. Mr. Livermore was, however, appointed to-the bench in 1799, and from that time until 1832 was kept almost constantly employed in the public ser- vice. He was associate justice of the Superior court from 1799 to 1809, when he was appointed chief justice, serving in that capacity until 1813 Upon the re-organization of the courts in the latter year, he consented to serve on the Supreme court as associate justice under his old chief, Jeremiah Smith, and held that position until the next re-organization in 1816. He was repre- sentative in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825. From 1825 to 1832 he was chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas. His aggregate term of judicial service was one of the longest in our annals, covering about twenty-four years. Judge Livermore flourished during the golden age of the New Hampshire bar, and was not an unworthy compeer of the other great lawers who have con- ferred so much renown uponthestate. From all the information, written and oral, which has come down to us, it is safe to say that he was a man of very marked ability, entertaining clear views on the questions before him, and capable of expressing these views with great energy. He was undoubtedly a person of great independence, possessing a good deal of that quality, “which, when a man is right, we call firmness, and when he is wrong, we denominate obstinacy.” It is a matter of history that his independent spirit once came near termin- ating his judicial career. At the session of the New Hampshire legislature in December, 1805, an address for his removal was submitted to the House of Representatives, in the following form :— “WHEREAS, It was made to appear to this Legislature, at their session in June last, that Arthur Livermore, Esq., one of the Justices of the Superior court, had not attended to the duties of his office during one whole circuit of court, and a committee was at that time appointed to enquire of said Liver- more his reasons for not attending: and whereas said committee now report BENCH AND BAR. gr a communication from said Livermore, fraught with expression highly indec- rous and by no means satisfactory to this Legislature: therefore, Resolved, That His Excellency the Governor is hereby requested, with con- sent of Council, to remove said Livermore from the office of Judge of the Superior. Court.” The address failed to pass the House; ayes 63, nays 71. It is extremely probable that Judge Livermore had a perfect excuse for the above mentioned absence from the circuit, but would not condescend to give reasons in answer to what he deemed the impertinent and uncalled for in- quiry of the legislature. The best proof of his faithful discharge of judicial duties is to be found in the fact that he was promoted to the Chief Justice- ship in 1809 by his former colleague, Judge Smith, who had just quitted the bench for the gubernatorial chair. Judge Livermore was a man of much humor, and various sayings of his have been handed down by tradition. The late Daniel M. Christie used to tell a story of Judge Livermore’s facetiousness upon a trial where the issu: re- lated to the paternity of a child. If we remember aright, the mother was. named Fish, and the man sought to be charged as the father bore the name of Pike. When the child had been duly exhibited to the jury, Judge Livermore said to the counsel: “don’t slight the Court, gentlemen. -Let me see the child.” The infant was accordingly handed up to his Honor, who thus ad- dressed it. ‘Well, my little dear, it seems to be admitted that you belong to the genus Fish; and the question now is whether you belong to the species Pike.” There is something remarkable about the longevity of the old time Judges. In 1802 the bench of the Superior court was composed of Jeremiah Smith, Timothy Farrar, Paine Wingate, and Aurthur Livermore. The average age to which these Judges lived slightly exceeded ninety-two years. Smith lived to be eighty-two, Farrar one-hundred-one, Wingate ninety-nine, and Livermore eighty-seven. The last years of Judge Livermore’s life were passed on has farm. The biographer of Gov. Plumer, who saw Judge Livermore a few months before his death, speaks of him as ‘‘a remarkable old man, his memory still retentive, and his early liveliness of manner and vivacity of expression but little impaired.” Judge Liver zore died July 1, 1853, at the age of eighty- seven. By his neighbors, Judge Livermore was looked upon as somewhat eccen- tric, and of rather an austere disposition. He was the poor man’s friend, however, if he thought him deserving a friend. “Give alms of thy goods, and never turn thy face from any poor man,” which appears upon the tablet cov- ering his grave, was his rule. es wt 5 James Ladd Wilson was born April 21, 1834, in the town of Morgan, Or- Jeans county, Vt., and is the son of William and Sally (Morse) Wilson. He was educated at Andover academy, Andover, N. H., studied law with Butter- field & Shirley and was admitted to the bar in Concord, N. H., in August, 92 GRAFTON COUNTY. 1858. He commenced practice at Holderness (now Ashland) in 1859, where he has since.continued. He was married to Lydia B. Long, of Andover, N. H., December 17, 1859. . William Bainbridge Fellows was born in Sandwich, N. H., July 5, 1858, His father was Col. Enoch Q. Fellows, of the 3d N. H. Regt. Mr. Fellows was educated at the New Hampshire Conference seminary, Tilton, graduated in 1880 from Dartmouth college, and immediately commenced the study of law with Hon. E. A. Hibbard, at Laconia, N. H. He was admitted to the bar at Concord, August, 1883, practiced about one year in Ashland, when, in November, 1884, he removed to Tilton, N. H., where he is now located, At Laconia he held the position of clerk in the Police Court, 1882 and ’83. He was sergeant-at-arms of the New Hampshire Senate in 1881. He now (April, 1886,) holds the position of clerk of United States Senate committee on claims. He married, November 1, 1881, Ida G. Scribner, daughter of Fraklin Scribner, Esq., of Ashland, N. H. LEBANON*.—Colonel Elisha Payne, was born in Connecticut in 1731, is said to have been a graduate of Yale college, was one of the grantees of Car- digan, now Orange, in 1769, to which place he went in 1773, among the first settlers. In 1778 the proprietors of Lebanon granted a tract of land to Col. Payne on condition that he should erect both saw and grist-mills on the Mas- coma river within two years, “except the public commotions and the pres- ent wars shall render it impracticable, in which case they shall be built as soon as the public affairs will admit of.” Soon after this he became a resi- dent of Lebanon, was representative from the town in 1784, ’85, ’90, '93, ’96,’97, and 1800. He was a leader in the Vermont controversy of the towns on the east of the Connecticut river, chosen lieutenant-governor of Vermont in 1781-82, chief justice the same year, and brigadier-general, trustee of Dartmouth college from 1784 to 1801, its treasurer in 1779-80. He died at Lebanon July 20, 1807, aged seventy-six years. Aaron Hutchinson was born in Connecticut about 1755, graduated at Harvard college in 1770, in his sixteenth or seventeenth year, received the degree of A. M. from Dartmouth college in 1790 and from New Jersey col- . lege in 1794. He came to Lebanon about 1783. At that time there was only one other lawyerin the county. For many years he followed his profes- sion in this and neighboring towns. He was chosen moderator of the town in the years 1811,’r2,’13,’14,’t7, and ’18, selectman in 1797 and 1818, representative in 1802, ‘03 and 1805, He had two sons, James and Henry, both lawyers. ’Squire Hutchinson seems to have been a good lawyer, find- ing a large field of practice in the neighboring towns as well as in Lebanon. With his professional business he combined agricultural pursuits, and was successful in both, owning at one time a handsome property and living in good style. He was a “gentleman of the old school,” courtly in manners, * By Rev. C. A. Downs. BENCH AND BAR, 93 neat and precise in dress, wearing knee-breeches and ruffled shirts to the end of his days. It must have been of great advantage to the town in the form- ing period of its history to have, as one of its citizens, an educated, refined and capable man, such as Squire Hutchinson was. He died April 24, 1843,. in his eighty-ninth year. Samuel Selden, the second lawyer to take up his abode in Lebanon, was. born in Vermont, probably at or near Royalton. He graduated at Dart- mouth college in 1805, and settled in Lebanonin 1809. He was moderator of the town from 1822 to 1830; selectman in 1815, 16, ’t7; representative in 1816, 17, ’24. He married, first, Louisa Parkhurst, of Royalton, Vt., June, 1811. She died February 24, 1824, aged thirty-four years. Mr. Selden mar- ried her sister for his second wife. In 1830 he left Lebanon and spent some years in Hartford and Royalton, Vt., and in August, 1837, went to Liberty; Jackson county, Mich., one of the first settlers of that region. He gave his attention mainly to farming till his death, which took place in 1868, nearly ninety years old.. Mr. Selden was the reverse of Squire Hutchinson in all things, especially in dress and manners. Short, stout, jolly, delighting in the open air, working in the field bare-headed and bare-footed. He was an enthusiastic fisherman, and it was a common thing to see him wading the brooks and rivers in pur- suit of his favorite recreation. He was free and cordial in his manners, both: humorous and witty in his speech, quick to see the ridiculous side of things, original and apt in giving expression to his perceptions in that direction. Everybody seems to have liked him, because of his friendly and genial ways ; and the few who can recall him, hold him in pleasant remembrance. James Hutchinson, son of Aaron, was born in Lebanon, N. H., December 2, 1786, fitted for college at Chesterfield, graduated at Dartmouth in 1806, leading his class as a mathematician, and among the first in other depart- ments. Ezekiel Webster was his room-mate one year, and Daniel Webster an intimate friend. He studied law with his father, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession in Lebanon. In 1815 he married Eunice Kimball, of Plainfield, who died a few years afterward. Mr. Hutchinson commenced life with every advantage. Well connected, well educated, and of superior talents, his future was bright. But through intemperance he lost his station and became a wanderer. Finally, he returned to the home of his youth, eked out. a scanty subsistence by manual labor and the charity of the town and county. He died at the county farm in May, 1877. Henry Hutchinson, son of Aaron Hutchinson, and brother of James, was born in Lebanon, N. H., March 30, 1785, graduated at Darmouth college in 1804, became a lawyer and was in New York city, where he died in 1837. Elisha Payne, Jr.,* son of Col. Elisha Payne, was born in Connecticut in *There was an Elisha Payne chosen state senator, 1786-88, whose residence is given as Haverhill. Whether they are one and the same person I am unable to determine, but think they may be. C.A. D, 94 GRAFTON COUNTY. 1753, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1784, studied law, but from ill health did not practice his profession to any great extent. He died at Lebanon May 20, 1808, aged 45 years. : Samuel Rice settled as a lawyer in East Lebanon about 1804 and remained till 1814. (See Enfield.) Samuel Cortland was at Lebanon, according to the New Hampshire Reg- ister in 1824. (See Haverhill.) Nathan B. Felton practiced law at Lebanon several years, from about 1826, (See Haverhill.) Daniel Blaisdell was located in practice at Lebanon from 1831 to 1834. {See Hanover.) Elijah Blaisdell, from 1835 to 1836, (See Canaan.) Daniel Gilbert was at one time in practice at Lebanon, according to the New Hampshire Register. John Kimball, Jr., was also given as a Lebanon practitioner at one time, ‘but it was as easy to perpetrate errors in such compilations at it is at the present day. Aaron H. Cragin was in practice in Lebanon from 1847 to 1877. He was born February 3, 1821, at Weston, Windsor county, Vt. His father was Aaron Cragin, grandfather, Benjamin Cragin. He received an academic ed- ucation at Chester academy, Chester, Vt., Burr seminary, Manchester, Vt., and the Lebanon (N. H.) Liberal institute. His law studies were with A. W. Richardson, Weston, Vt., and Allen & Hastings, of Albany, N. Y. He was admitted to the bar in New York city in 1847. He wasa Free-mason anda | ‘Congregationalist. In the political movement of 1855, commonly termed the ‘“‘Know Nothing” affair, which was the forerunner of the Rebublican party, Mr. Cragin was brought forward as a congressional candidate and elected. He succeeded himself in 1859, as representative for this district, and in 1864 was chosen U. S. senator, succeeding Hon. John P. Hale, and was re-elected in 1870, He was selected by Mr. Hayes as a member of the commission to determine the ques- tions of title arising in the Hot Springs, Ark., reservation, and was chairman of that tribunal. He made his residence in Washington after the completion of this service and has since been a resident of that city. In 1848 he mar- ried Isabelle Fuller, and has one son, Harry W. Cragin, now a patent lawyer in Washington. During Prof. Patterson’s term, 1867~—73, both the senators were residents of this county and of adjoining towns, though neither was a native of the county. Now it happens that both, Blair and Pike, are na- tives of the county and of neighboring towns, Campton and Hebron, and both are residents of other counties. George Ticknor was an attorney at this place two years, 1850-52. He was a native of Boston, Maés., his parents being Benjamin and Hannah (Gard- ner) Ticknor, formerly of Maine, born in April, 1822. His academic edu- cation was at Kimball Union academy, of Meriden, N. H., and he was BENCH AND BAR. 95 graduated from Dartmouth college in 1847. Nesmith & Pike, of Franklin, were his law preceptors, and he was admitted to the bar about 1850. He was subsequently located at Lebanon, Marlow, Claremont, and Keene in the practice of his profession. He was a Free-mason, an Episcopalian, and a Republican in politics. He married Lucy A. Stone, Claremont, N. H. Two daughters, Clara and Anna, now reside in Concord, N. H. He was solicitor of Sullivan county, appointed in 1855, and register of probate for Cheshire county, appointed in 1864, continuing in this office till his death in 1866. He was a member of the law firm of Metcalf & Ticknor, at Claremont, (the senior being Gov. Ralph Metcalf) and for a short time was a partner with Wheeler & Faulkner, at Keene. He was also much engaged in literary work. At the time of his death he was an associate editor of the Keene Sentinel, and compiled the New Hampshire Gazetteer, published at Concord, in 1855. Rodney Lund was in practice from 1855 to 186r. George S. Towle was born in Meredith, N. H., graduated at Dartmouth college, 1839, came from Haverhill to Lebanon as editor and proprietor of the Granite State Whig in 1848. He practiced his profession to some extent in connection with his duties as editor, tillthe year 1861, when he received an appointment to aclerkship in the Boston custom-house where he continued for eight years. He was chosen moderator in 1861, representative in 1850, 56, 57, state senator in 1861-62, president of the Senate in 1860. He died in October, 1883. Mr. Towel was a man of ability as a writer and speaker, enthusiastic, and excitable. It is to be feared that his last days were not altogether comfortable. He married and had two daughters. Lewis R. Morris was located in practice at Lebanon most of the time from 1857 to 1876, the yearof his decease. He was born at West Fairlee, Vt., a son of Park and Sophia (Morse) Mcrris. He received an academic edluca- tion at the Newbury (Vt.) semenary and studied law with Robert Ormsby, of Bradford Vt., and N. B. Felton, of Haverhill.’ It issaid he practiced his pro- fession for short periods at each of those places. He was connected with two firms at Lebanon—Lund & Morris, at West Lebanon, and Morris & Parsons at the Center. Mr. Morris married Lucinda B. Bliss of Bradford Vt., they had no children. They were Congregationalists. Mr. Morris was not a bril- liant lawyer, but gave much attention to current literature which he read ex- tensively, J. H. Buckingham came to Lebanon about 1861 and remained three years. He then removed to Lancaster, where he remained till his death. Nathan C. Sweat was born in Canaan, N. H., May 11, 1836, educated at Malone and Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., studied law with Hon. L. D. Stevens, at Concord N. H., admitted to the bar in 1862, andentered into partnership with Hon. A. H. Cragin the same year. Afterwards spent two years as clerk in the treasury, Washington D.C. He went from there to Toledo, Ia., remaining two years in the practice of his profession, in part- nership with J. G. Tracy. Being in ill health he returned to Lebanonin 1869, 96 GRAFTON COUNTY. and after a courageous struggle for life, died of con asumption, May 31, 1871. Married Lora T. Kingsbury, of Hanover N. H., December 28 1863. No children, William B. Weeks commenced the practice of law in Lebanon in 1867. (See Canaan.) James I. Parsons was from Coés county and was in practice here about one year—1870-71. He has since been successfully engaged in his profession at Colebrook, N. H. John Langdon Spring entered upon the practice of law at Lebanon in 1870; He had previously been so engaged at Wilton a part of one year, in 1860, and the remainder of the succeeding ten years at Milford. ~He was born at Newport, N. H., May 14, 1830, ason of John Clark Spring. He commenced the study of law upon a common school education, supplemented by such study as he nad pursued by himself. His law preceptors were Hon. Thomas Wentworth and Hon. C. W. Woodman, of Dover. He was admitted to the bar at Manchester in 1860. He is asuccessful business lawyer and has always had a very large docket. He married Ellen Melvina Fountain, March 1, 1856, and they have four children, Arthur Langdon, Clarence Walker, Carrie Melvina and John Roland. Mr Spring has’ been a member of the state leg- islature and of a convention to revise the state constitution. He is a Free- Mason and one of the foremost Odd Fellows in the state, having been for several years a member of the Sovereign Grand lodge. His law firms have been Spring & Gould, 1873-74, and Spring & Spring en L.) to the pres- ent time. Charles A. Dole. (See Wentworth.) Edwin B. Gould, was a Lebanon lawyer from June, 1873, to November 1876. He is a native of Hillsborough, N. H., born January 24, 1839. His par-. ents, Jonathan S. and Sabra Ruth Gould. He received an academic education: at the public school of his native town, Francistown academy, Appleton academy, Mount Vernon and Kimball Union academy. He: commenced the study of law in 1860 with Hon J. F. Briggs, of Hillsboro Bridge, and Hon. F. N. Blood, of Hillsboro, and was admitted at Manchester in 1864. His places of practice have been Suncook, Lebanon and Nashua successively. He is an Odd Fellow, an attendant at the Orthodox Congregational church, anda Democrat. He married Jennie E. Kelsey, of Nottingham, N. H., in 1869. In 1864-65 he was a member of the law firm of Stanyan & Gould, at. Suncook. William H. Cotton, the present county solicitor, has been a practitioner in Lebanon since September, 1876. Mr. Cotton is a native of New Market, a son of Oliver and Sarah (Furber) Cotton, born February 6, 1846. He was fitted for college at Northwood seminary and graduated at Dartmouth col- in the class of 1872. His law instructors were George C. Peavey, of Stafford, and Col. L. E. Pingree, of Hartford, Vt. In December, 1875, he was admitted to the Windsor (Vt.) county bar, and at Haverhill, March term, BENCH AND BAR, 97 1876. March 21, 1876, he was united in marriage with Miss Persis A. Wood, of Lebanon, and has one son. A few passages from a sketch of Mr. Cotton, published in 1875, are abstracted :— “In early life he was accustomed to hard labor, and soon exchanged the common schools for the active business of life. He learned the rough les- sons of labor in Massachusetts factories, before he was prepared to undertake the task of educating himself in the high schools and colleges. * * * As a lawyer Mr. Cotton is studious and conservative. His papers are carefully prepared and his causes are managed with reference to what he re- gards as the best interest of his clients. His integrity in business, political, social and all other affairs stand beyond reproach.” In 1884 he was elected to the office of solicitor, but he has never been a candidate for a political office outside the line of his professional duties. Arthur Langdon Spring is the junior member of the bar at Lebanon. He is a son of John L. Spring, born February 25, 1857, at Salmon Falls, N. H.. He was educated at the Lebanon high school, Kimball Union academy, and Dartmouth college, class of 1880. He studied law in his father’s office and is a graduate of the Boston university law school, class of 1883. He is an ‘Odd-Fellow and unmarried. Since his admission to the bar, in 1883, he has been a member of the law firm of Spring & Spring. Mr. Spring is a graceful speaker and writer, and has already had favorable experience in the lecture field. Lispon.*—This town has had very few lawyers resident in it, but within the past few years it has been more favored than formerly in that respect. Situated between Bath and Littleton, it was “between the upper and nether millstones,” until Judge Rand came to the rescue in 1860. Since that date it may be pre- sumed that some of the money expended by Lisbon people in the law has been kept at home. Luther Mills was the first resident attorney of Lisbon. He was here in 1806 or 1807, according to the New Hampshire Register. It is understood that he removed to Windsor county, Vt. James. Ingalls Swan was located here from 1803 to 1807. (See Bath.) Edward Dean Rand was a native of the town of Bath, a son of Hamlin Rand, born December 26, 1821. He fitted for college, and graduated at Wesleyan university, Middletown, Conn., in the class of 1841, with his elder brother, Charles W. Rand, afterwards United States district attorney for New Hampshire. After leaving college he went south, and was engaged for a time in teaching in New Orleans, where he studied law, and was admitted to the har His legal preceptors were Lockell & Micon, and Judah P. Benjamin and Mi- con. Returning north, he formed a partnership with his brother, above named, at Littleton, and resided in that town five years, meantime marrying Jennie Stevens, daughter of Truman Stevens, of that place. Mr. Rand, in 1860, *By E. C. Stevens, Esq. 98 GRAFTON COUNTY. made his residence in Lisbon, the firm thereby having an office at each place.- His residence was at Lisbon ever afterwards, with the exception of a brief temporary residence in Concord, after his service on the bench. The’part- nership continued until the serious disability of Mr. C. W. Rand, which re- sulted in his death in 1874. E. D. Rand was made a justice of the Circuit Court by Governor Weston, in 1874, and occupied the position until 1876, when the court was legislated out of existence, after the New Hampshire fashion, upon the advent of a change in the political complexion of the legis. lature. Judge Rand displayed industry and conscientious devotion to the principles of justice. It fell to his lot to be associated in the trial of several capital causes, which rank among the most notable in the history of criminal jurisprudence in New Hampshire, including that of Joseph B. Buzzell, for the murder of Susan Hanson, of Brookfield ; that of Elwyn W. Major, of Wil- ton, for the murder of his wife; and of Joseph La Page, for the murder of Josie Langmaid, at Pembroke, in all of which responsible -positions he ac- quitted himself with credit. In legal practice he was distinguished as an advocate. Gifted with an elegant diction and a convincing power of statement, he exercised a remark- able influence with juries. In this respect he had few peers at the bar of New Hampshire in his time. He was a life-long Democrat in politics, and though never an office seeker, and never a candidate before the people, his voice was often heard effectively upon the stump in advocacy of the cause and principles of his party. He cultivated his decided literary tastes, and some of the gems of thought and song that have fallen from his pen compare favorably with the best literary work of this generation. He died at Lisbon January 14, 1885, but he labored in his professson almost to the very last. In business he was prudent, honorable and successful, and in recreation he was genial, companionable and full of healthful entertainment. John L. Foster has been in practice in this place about nine years. He was admitted to the bar at Nashua from the Manchester office of Morrison, Stanley & Clark in 1868. He then practiced his profession two years in that city, two-years in Boston, later on three years at Littleton, when he was justice of the Police Court, removing thence to Lisbon. He was born in Lyman, Sep- tember 15, 1837, a son of George and Phila (Hoskins) Foster. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1864, and about that time became a paymaster’s clerk and served in that capacity some time at Hilton Head, S. C. Mr. Foster has had much to do with schools, baving been a teacher of large experience, and a member of the board of education, both at Lisbon and Littleton. He mar- ried Augustia L. Stevens, of Haverhill, a daughter of the veteran county sheriff, Grove S. Stevens, January 14, 1875, and three of there family of four children are living. Mr. Foster’s relegious associations are with the Con- gregationalists. He has a considerable business in chambers, but owing to his assiduous attention to. home demands is not an aggressive circuit rider. Harry M. Morse was admitted to the bar after examination under the new BENCH AND BAR. 99 rules, August 31, 1880, He has-been in practice at Lisbon since that time,- and until Judge Rand’s death was in partnership with him. His law studies. were with John L. Foster one year and two with Mr. Rand. He received an academic education and has been a careful student of literature. His parents. resided at Haverhill many years and he was born at thatplace March 22, 1857, his father being John F., and his granfather Moses N. Morse. He suc- ceeded to the law business of the firm of Rand & Morse. With an excellent law library and connection with the most important litigation in the county, he has an honorable professional career before him. Few men are more agree- able companions or have more favorable social relations than Mr. Morse. He 1s not of strong sectarian predelictions but belongs to the Stalwart wing of the Republican party. He is one of the young Republican advance guard that stormed and carried the Democratic ranks in Grafton county. He evi- dently has no ambition in the line of political office, but performs his share in non-political official duties, and is particulary interested in educational mat- ters. He has for some years past held the principal school offices in town to the general satisfaction. LittLeton.*—The first settlers of Littleton were poor. In many instances, they did not hold a title to the land from which they wrung a scanty subsistance. The town seems to have been neglected for a long time by members of the learned professions. Nearly thirty years had elapsed from the date of the settlement before a doctor was established, thirty-seven, before a lawyer was habituated, and a full half century was rounded vut ere the first minister was settled. Joseph Emerson Dow.—In 1807, Joseph Emerson Dow, son of Genera Moses Dow, cf Haverhill, then thirty years of age, came to Littleton and located at the north part of the town, at that time the principal seat of busi- ness, Mr. Dow does not seem to have possessed those peculiar qualifica- tions-so essential in establishing a practice in a community long accustomed to the conduct of its own affairs without the assistance of members of the legal fraternity. He was gentle and unassuming in his manners, averse to the turmoil of business and inclined to drift with, rather than to direct the current of affairs. He remained four years, and though he failed to gain a professional lodgement, he discharged with fidelity the offices of good citizen- ship and gained the reputation, then rare in the profession, of being a lover of peace rather than a fomenter of strife. He was graduated from Dartmouth college in the class of 1799, read law with his father, and before coming to Littleton practiced at Haverhill. In 1811 he took up his residence at Fran- conia, and subsequently, for a few years, at Thornton, but in 1847 he returned to Franconia, where he continued to reside up to the time of his death, in 1857. After leaving Littleton he gave his attention to teaching, and dis- charging the duties incident to the office of a magistrate, in which he rendered his townsmen valuable service. *By James R. Jackson. roo GRAFTON COUNTY. Mr. Dow was twice married. His first consort was Abigail, daughter of Hon. Jonathan Arnold, of Rhode Island, a lady of high character and many accomplishments. She bore him five children, Catherine, who died in infancy, James Barber, Moses Arnold, George Burrilland Charles Marsh. His second wife was Nancy Bagley, of Thornton. Elisha Hinds. —The second lawyer was Elisha Hinds, who came soon after Mr. Dow’s departure and located at the village on the Ammonoosuc, to “which he and Dr. Burns were to give the name of Glynville. Mr. Hinds was born at Shrewsbury, now West Boylston, Mass., February 7, 1784. He was once a student at Harvard, but was graduated from Williams college in 1805. He was admitted to the bar in 1809, and was prac. ticing in Essex county, Vermont, before coming to Littleton in 1813. Mr. Hinds was something of a contrast to his predecessor. He was sharp, even to cunningness, was fond of business and much given to interesting him- self in the affairs of others. He was fairly successful in his paractice, and it ‘is said that in the first ten years of his residence he accumulated a moderate fortune. In 1825 he took upon himself the management of an estate which was eventually to result in his ruin. His business affairs became complicated, .and the attempt to extricate himself dissipated his entire fortune. In 1834 he went to Hinsdale where he kept a hotel a few years. Failing in this business, he -went to Brooklyn, New York, where he died in 1854, aged sixty-nine years. He married a Miss Lawrence and had no children. He was the first postmas- ‘ter at the village and held many town offices. Up to the time he became in- ‘volved in the matter of the Curtis estate, he seems to have been held in es- teem by his neighbors. Henry Adams Bellows.—The lawyers of Littleton have generally stood ‘well at the bar. Prior to 1830, Bath and Haverhill monopolized the legal business of Northern Grafton. Payson, Swan, Goodall and Woods were the degal luminaries of this section. The entire valley of the Ammonoosuc poured ‘its tribute into their coffers. They waxed strong and accumulated great wealth. When Henry A. Bellows opened an office in Littleton in 1828, it was with amen like these that he had to contend. He made his way, slowly at first, but with steady strides, to the front rank at the bar. He succeeded in estab- lishing a lucrative business, and gradually drew to Littleton it full share of legal patronage, a tendency which has continued until the condition of things shas been reversed to a large extent, and her clientage is now larger than that -of any other town in the county. Henry Adams Bellows was born in Rockingham, Vt., October 25,1805. His father was Joseph Bellows, of Walpole, N. H., of a family long distinguished ‘in the history of the town. He was educated in the schools at Walpole, and was admitted to the barin 1826. For two years after his admission he was ‘located at Walpole; but in 1828 he began the practice of his profession in Littleton. Atthat time the title to the lands in Lisbon, Littleton, Bethlehem, -and other towns in this section were largely in dispute, and in the litigation BENCH AND BAR, IOr growing out of this conditioa of affairs he was constantly employed for nearly twenty years. In 1850 he removed to Concord, where he enjoyed a-consid- erable practice until he went upon the bench of the Supreme Court, in 1859. He was chief justice from October, 1869, until his death, March 11, 1873. While a resident of Littleton he embarked in a number of enterprises other than those incident to his profession. In partnership with Truman Stevens and others he engaged in business and made a considerable investment in timber lands in Canada. He was largely instrumental in building the woolen. factory, and gave his countenance and money in aid of every enterprise which promised to advance the material, intellectual and moral welfare of the town. He married, about 1836, his cousin, Catharine Bellows, of Walpole, N. H., and had four children, Josiah, John Adams, Stella and Fanny, all of whom were born in Littleton. Mrs. Bellows died.in 1849. Of the children, Josiah is now a clerk in the treasury department at Washington, John A. is a cler- gyman at Portland, Me., Stella became the wife of Charles P. Sanborn, Esq., of Concord. She died some years ago, and Mr. Sanborn subsequently mar- ried her sister, Fanny. Judge Bellows possessed rare social qualities. In the family circle, among his friends and associates, at the bar and upon the bench, he won and wore without offense the “grand old name of gentleman.” He was master of him- self. Inthe midst of domestic afflictions and financial distress, when credi- tors were importunate and business associates even more troublesome, his equanimity was unruffled. At the bar his cases were prepared with skill and presented to the court and jury with precision and logical sequence. He had perfect command of every detail,and seldom had occasion to refer to his notes. He knew the.law thoroughly, and stated it with convincing force.. His treat- ment of a witness upon the stand could hardly be surpassed. He-had in a remarkable degree the art of compelling an unwilling witness to disclose the whole truth. He was never arbitrary nor brow-beating, but to the candid, the opinionated, and the untruthful witness his courtly and polished manner was the same. He knew little and cared less for the arts of oratory. He was an elo- quent man—eloquent in the simplicity, directness, candor andearnestness of his address. If he could not convince a jury of the correctness of his posi- tion, it must have been hopeless from the start. Upon the bench, the high attainments which distinguished him at the bar shone with the same lustre. His industry and capacity for labor were great. He posessed unlimited pa— tience, was courteous to the bar and to suitors. He presided with great dig- nity, andhis impartiality was such that the defeated party could not ascribe his want of success in any measure to the presiding justice. His opinions, found in the New Hampshire reports, from volume 39 to 52 inclusive, illus- trate his learning and judicial acumen, His rulings at the trial term were seldom over-ruled by the law court. Judge Bellows was a firm and consistent member of the Whig and Repub- lican parties, but his refined sensibilities rendered him averse to the activities We 102 GRAFTON COUNTY. of politics. He was elected a member of the General Court from Littleton in 1839, and in 1847 was the candidate of his party in the old Fourth district: for Congress against Harry Hibbard. After his removal to Concord he repre- sented his ward in the legislature in 1856 and 1857. He discharged his pub- lic duties with the same fidelity which characterized every act of his life, and he possessed a wide influence over his associates. A member of the Unitarian church, he was catholic toward the religious. opinions of others, but tenacious of his own, While he did not hold to the Evangelical doctrine of the divinity of Christ, he was surely one of the most exemplary followers of His teachings. His pure and candid soul was never stained by selfishness or the corrading influence of gain. In the calm at- mosphere of the home circle he was a devoted husband, a fond father, an. effectionate brother, and a valued, trusted friend. He was always happy- tempered, ever helpful, never selfish. In his death the state lost one of her most noted and valued citizens, and the bench and bar sustained an irrepar- able loss. Edmund Carleton was of Haverhill, where he was born October 29, 1797.. He was educated in the common schools of his native town, at its academy, and graduated from Dartmouth college in 1822. The same year he began. the study of the law with William Garnett, of Tappahannock, Essex county, Va., where he was at the time residing and engaged in teaching. He returned to New Hampshire and finished his studies in the office of Hon. Joseph Bell,. and in 1826 was admitted to the bar. Poor health precluded his entering upon active practice for some years; but he continued to reside with his. father and transact such business as he could, until 1831, when he opened an. office in Littleton. As a lawyer, Mr. Carleton was well-founded in the prin- ciples of jurisprudence, a safe adviser, who always endeavored to satisfy his. clients that a peaceable adjustment of differences was preferable to a contest in the courts. Ill health induced him to abandon his profession and engage: in more active pursuits. In 1836 he built a saw-mill at the scythe factory vil- lage, and for about a dozen years was engaged in the Iumber business. Mis- fortune attended this enterprise, and it was abandoned. Mr. Carleton was a member of the Congregational church. One of the early members of the: Abolition party, he was always active in its affairs, and his home was 4a sta- tion on the Underground railroad to Canada. On two occasions he made an attempt to induce his church to take an advance position on the question of slavery, but with only partial success. His stand on this question disturbed his business, ruptured old friendships, placed him in an attitude of hostility to the dominant party in his church, and largely deprived him of his influence in the community. Still he kept the course marked out and approved by con- science, his guide through life. November 30, 1836, he married Mary Kil- burn Coffin, of Boscawen, N. H. Calvin Ainsworth, Jr., was a native of Littleton, and a son of its first phy- sician. He was born August 22, 1807, was educated at the academies at: BENCH AND BAR. 103 Concord Corners, Vt., and at Meriden, N. H. He read law with Jonathan D. Stoddard, at Waterford, Vt., and with Hon. Henry A. Bellows, at Little- ton; was admitted to the bar at Plymouth, in November, 1835, and opened an office in Littleton soon after. In 1845 he went to Concord and formed a partnership with Ira Perley. During his residence in Concord he was regis- ter of probate for Merrimack county five years, and, in 1852, was one of the commissioners to. compile the laws of the state, his associates being Hon. Ralph Metcalf, of Newport, and Hon. Samuel H. Ayer, of Manchester. He was justice of the Police Court at Concord for a year. In 1854 he took up his residence in Madison, Wis: In 1862 he was elected police justice of that city, and discharged the duties of the position with great credit. Judge Ains- worth was a man of strict integrity, of amiable manners, a learned lawyer, but lacking sufficient force to render that learning available in the conflict at the bar. He won and retained the confidence and friendship of all with whom he came in contact. He was twice married, first, to Eliza Bellows, sister of Hon, Henry A. and William J. Bellows, and second, to Mrs. Letitia (Stinson) White, who survives him. He died at Madison, Wis., July 7, 1873. “ William Burns* was born at Hebron, in Grafton county, on the 25th day of April, 1821. His father was Robert Burns, a man of decided mental vigor and persistency, who displayed in his successful struggle with fortune the characteristics that enabled his son to attain the acknowledged eminence ac- corded him. As the name indicates, the paternity was thoroughly Scotch. In early life the father, with his brother William, labored with their hands for daily wage. William accumulated a large estate. Robert went to New York, and after each day’s labor was completed, devoted himself to the study of such books as he could procure, sleeping in a barn in warm weather and poring over his work with the earliest and latest light. He returned to New Hampshire, became a physician of distinction, accumulated a handsome estate, was a representative in the Federal Congress, and died at an ad- vanced age at Plymouth. “His son William fitted for college at the academies at Plymouth and New Hampton, entered Dartmouth at the early age of sixteen years, gradu- ating in the class of 1841. He was a close student, and stood high among his associates. Choosing the law as the profession to which he was to de- vote himself, he entered as a student the office of Judge Leonard Wilcox, of Orford, from whence he became a member of the law school at Harvard university, graduating there in the autumn of 1843. Selecting Littleton as his future home, he there opened an office and soon after was married to Miss Clementine E. Hayes, of Orford, on the 23d anniversary of his birth, and immediately repaired to his new home. Remaining at Littleton but a year and a half, a new field attracted him in Codés; and in May, 1846, he succeeded to the business of John S. Wells, of Lancaster. * Extract from the memorial address of Henry O. Kent, delivered before the Grafton and Coés Bar Association, at Lancaster, N. H., January 29, 1886, 104 GRAFTON COUNTY. “‘Mr. Burns was appointed, in 1847, by Governor Williams, a member of his personal staff, with the rank of colonel, and also by him solicitor for the county of Codés, which latter position he held with credit for the ensuing five -years. During this time he retained the large and valuable business and clientage to which he succeeded, and won new successes at the bar. In 1854 occurred an event that had a controlling effect upon his subsequent life and career: an event that was the commencement of ‘that long physical martyr- dom which he bore with such uncomplaining fortitude for over thirty years. The first railroad that became..an accomplished fact. in:Coés was the Atlantic _ & St. Lawrence, since leased to ‘and known as the Grand Trunk. Mr. Burns, with Mr. Fletcher, his partner, was its attorney ; and-on the rst day of De. cember, 1854, he started for ‘Portland, the then. headquarters of the com- pany, on professional business. ‘At Starkithere: was a -collision—catastrophe dominated the hour, cars were overturned, stoves set the wreck on fire, and from the horrors of the scene mutilated bodies and! ‘shattered victims were extricated. Mr. Buras was one of: these,.with -a’ leg: and arm so badly frac- tured that they were never restored to strength, and-with serious internal in-: juries he was conveyed to Lancaster,.where for: months his life trembled in the balance, only to be preserved by the “most devoted nursing. From the: effects of this disaster he. néver recovered.:, ‘ Actual physical pain was ever present to the day of.his death, a:resultant of these injuries, and it was only his indomitable will that enabled him‘agaid to take up his profession and sus- tain that reputation as a lawyer, which:is.so readily accorded him by the pro- fession. In 1876 he. are eee the “practice, his es of. neal ab- thereafter sate even tt within a. fea rabies of his decdate: ae active pro- fessional career then ended. During this time: Mr. “Burns was for a brief period associated in business-with Benjamin F. “Whidden on: his first arrival in Lancaster, the firm being Burris & Whidden; fora much longer.time, and during the greater part of his active practice with Hiram A. Fletcher, as Burns & Fletcher ; and later with Henry ‘Heywood, under the firm name of Burns & Heywood. “ Of pronounced opinions, consequent upon cenedal convictions, it was natural that Mr. Burns should engage in those political duties so naturally the complement of legal work in New Hampshire. With the graces of the orator he early developed the ability for effective public speaking, which was thereafter one of his chiefest gifts and most potent influences. For nearly forty years he was a favorite speaker at all convocations of his party, and the echoes of his silver speech linger among the hills and valleys of his native. state. He was twice a member of the Senate, in 1856 and 1857, from the old twelfth district, then practically comprehending the counties of Cods and Grafton. He was the candidate of his party for Congress in the former third district in 1859, 1861 and 1863, the campaign of the latter year being a me- morable one, in which he came within less than two hundred votes of an BENCH AND BAR. Tos election. In 1876, by unanimous vote of" the people of all parties, he was one of the members from Lancaster of the constitutional convention. In all gatherings of his party—at local, state and national conventions, his was a familiar voice and figure, always welcomed and always influential. He died after a long and trying illness, at the Pemigewasset House, Plymouth, April 2, 1885. He is buried in the old Livermore church- yard at Holder- ness, in the family lot of his father, among his kindred and his boyhood friends. “In the pantheon of our hills are enshrined the bodies and the memories of eminent men, who, during more than an hundred years, strengthened the state, illustrated the law, and honored themselves and the people of their. vicinage. Am I not justified in saying that these venerable shades may admit to their august presence without derogation and without reproach our brother, who did his work so well? whose virtues we now commemorate. “‘ Farewell, manly soul! we dismiss thee, not to the tomb of forgetfulness and death, but to a blessed memory, an unclouded fame and to a limitless life.” Charles White Rand, son of Hamlin Rand, a prominent business man of Grafton county, was born in Bath, July 5, 1819. He was graduated at Wes- leyan university, in 1841, standing second in his class, his brother, the late Judge E. D. Rand, having the first place. After leaving college he entered the office of Hon. Henry A. Bellows, in Littleton, and was admitted to the bar three years later. He opened an office in Littleton where he continued ‘in the prctice of his profession up to the time of his death. Hon. John Farr was for a short time his partner, and when his brother Edward D, returned from the south, where he had been in practice, they formed a partnership which was to endure until dissolved by the advent of the Dread Messenger, whose actions and demands can not be “continued.” Mr. Rand came to the bar thoroughly equipped for his work. He was uncommonly well grounded in the principals of the law, and he had acquired in college and as a student of law, habits of industry which were to last through life. His mind was cul- tivated and enriched by constant and varied reading, of the best authors, and he retained to the end, and found opportunities to gratify, his fondness for general literature to an extent quite uncommon among those whose time is largely engrossed by the demands of professional business. His practice was remunerative from the start, ard, after the firm of C. W. & E. D. Rand was thoroughly in harness, it was large in the number of cases and important in amounts involved. To Charles W. was assigned, by a division of the labor of the firm, the duty of preparing cases for trial and the argument of questions of law to the court. His work was always well and conscientiously done. He was among the foremost equity lawyers at the bar of the state. He was ap- pointed, by President Lincoln, United States district attorney for New Hamp- shire, and he held the position nearly two terms. During his administration, the business of the position was increased by reason of the large number of 106° GRAFTON COUNTY. cases growing out of the violations of the internal revenue laws, and involved great labor in their investigation and the construction of the statute. He brought to the discharge of these duties such industry, patience and knowl- edge of constitutional law as to facilitate the dispatch of business and secure the rights of the government which he represented. In his domestic and social relations, Mr. Rand was particularly fortunate and happy. He married, June 24, 1847, Jane M., daughter of the late Otis Batchelder, who survives him. He was very companionable, fond of a good story, and delighted in the discussion of his favorite authors. He seidom, if ever, lost a friend, and won and retained the confidence of all who came in contact with him. He died August 3, 1874. Harry Bingham.—No man occupies a more exalted position at the bar of New Hampshire than Harry Bingham. He is facile princeps in his own state, and one of the foremost lawyers of New England. Born at Concord, Vt., March 30, 1821, he fitted tor college at Lyndon, Vt., academy, and was graduated at Dartmouth in the class of 1843. His course of legal study was pursued in the office of Hon. Harry Hibbard, at Bath. He was admitted to the bar at Lancaster in the spring of 1846, and in September of the same year established an office in Littleton, which has since continued to be his home. During the time he was at college and in Mr. Hibbard’s office he earned a considerable portion of the sum necessary to defray his educational expenses, by teaching in district schools and academies in St. Johnsbury, Woodstock, Concord Corner, Waterford and Wells River, Vt. When Mr. Bingham came to Littleton, Henry A. Bellows was at the full tide of his suc- cessful career at the bar. Ira Goodall, of Bath, was at the height of his fame, and Harry Hibbard occupied the position which he maintained to the end, as one of the most brilliant attorneys and advocates ever at the Grafton bar. He entered the arena of the law, fully armed and equipped for successsful combat with these legal giants, and so bore himself as to command their re- spect and win a constantly increasing clientage. It was not, however, for some years that his great legal ability became generally recognized. Hehad none of the showy qualities which attract the attention of the multitude. His strength lay in those solid attainments which command success through less popular but more enduring channels. In 1852 his brother, George A., be- came his associate in business, and together they constituted a firm that for legal knowledge and power has never been surpassed in New Hampshire. While in partnership they were employed in every important case tried in the northern part of the state. Their business rapidly extended and included cases in the Federal Courts as well as in the courts or adjoining states. In 1859, the brothers became members of the firm of Woods & Bingham, with offices at Littleton and Bath. This firm dissolved in 1852, and the old firm of H. & G. A. Bingham was re-established, to continue until 1874, when it was dissolved. Since thén Mr. Bingham has associated in his business a number of young men who received their legal education under his careful ghar ( se) ) tw L wt U Cb “aL BENCH AND BAR. 107 guidance. The present style of the firm is Bingham, Mitchells & Batchellor, his partners being John M. Mitchell, Albert S. Batchellor and William H. Mitchell. Mr. Bingham also has an office at Concord, N. H., with John M. Mitchell as resident partner. At school, in college, at the bar, Mr. Bingham has been an industrious and discriminating student, whose intellectual processes winnowed the wheat from the chaff and stored it in a memory which held it secure for future use. Much reading has made him a full man, his knowledge of history and biography is remarkably full and acurate, while there is hardly any branch of literature with which he is not more or less familiar. In his profession he has mastered every branch. He has great reverence and fondness for the cold science of the law, and is equally familiar with that of the books. The client who em- ploys him gets all there is of him. No matter whether the amount involved be large or small, he gives the case his time, his thought and his patient in- vestigation. Probably no attorney in the state is so frequently called upon to furnish opinions upon matters not in litigation, and nonz whose advice is more generally respected and followed. He is not an eloquent advocate in the general sense of the term, but what is better, is a successful one. All his arguments are based upon the strict letter of the law. His power of analy- sis and homely vigor of statement are unsurpassed. He constructs his legal . arguments as an architect erects his buildings. The foundation is laid, the walls move slowly up, every stone being securely fastened in its place, roof, doors, windows and ornaments are appropriately placed, and when complete, all criticism is defied. He seldom addresses a court or jury without instruct- ing them. His eloquence is the eloquence of honest conviction earnestly and impressively uttered. Mr. Bingham is a Democrat root and branch, and for twenty-five years has been the intellectual leader of his party in the state. For eighteen years he represented Littleton in the legislature, and has for two terms been elected to the Senate from the Grafton district, a period of service covering twenty- two out of twenty-six years from his first entrance upon public life. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1876, and chairman of the im- portant committee on legislative department, and exercised a weighty influ- ence in the deliberations of the convention. | He has thrice been the candi- date of his party for Congress, and many times its legislative candidate for United States senator. He has also been a delegate to three national con- ventions, and has received other marks of confidence at the hands of his party. From the beginning of his public career he has been a recognized leader, and in matters other than partizan his influence has been equal to that of any other member. In debate he is direct and powerful, going straight to the gist of the matter in controversy and pounding ‘his opponent with sledge hammer blows of fact and logic. In the halls of legislation he never speaks without commanding cause nor plays with the weapons of the.dema- gogue. In manner he is dignified, impressing one with a sense of his power, 108 GRAFTON COUNTY. and to those who do not know him well, reserved if not austere. He is, how- ever, one of the most approachable and kindly of men. He is democratic in all his ways, and a respecter of worth rather than of men. His a/ma mater conferred upon him the degree of LL.D., in 1880. He is now in the full plenitude of his great’ powers and the enjoyment of a success which is the just reward of laborious days devoted to the noblest and most exacting of professions. William Joseph Bellows is the younger brother of the late Chief Justice Bellows, and possesses many characteristics common to that celebrated jurist. He was born in Rockingham, Vt., July 3, 1817. He was educated in the schools of Bellows Falls, Vt., and Walpole, N. H., and in the academy at Waterford, Vt. He was for a few years a salesman in a Boston commercial house, but in 1842 returned to Littleton and entered his brother’s office as a law student. He was admitted to the bar at Haverhill in 1845, and entered into partnership with his brother under the firm name of Henry A. & William J. Bellows. This lasted until Judge Bellows took up his residence at Concord, in 1850. The Littleton business was conducted by Mr. Bellows alone until 1854, when John Farr became associated with him under the style of Bellows & Farr. This firm had quite an extensive practice, but was dissolved in 1859. Upon the advent of the Republican party to power in 1861, Mr. Bellows be- came postmaster of Littleton, a position he held seven years. II] health led him to abandon practice in 1860, and for the next three years, in addition to his duties as postmaster, he edited Zhe People's Journal, the organ of his party in Northern Grafton. Subsequently he engaged in trade. At the bar, as in all other relations of life, Mr. Bellows was a high-toned, honorable gen- tleman. He was a well-read lawyer and a persuasive advocate, who en- deavored to see that equity was done as well between counsel and client as between litigants. Since his retirement from practice he has often been called upon to serve as referee and magistrate in determining causes both civil and criminal. Mr. Bellows is a valued citizen of the town. He has taken a great interest in educational matters and the consolidation of the village districts, and the formation of Union school district was largely due to his influence. He was one of the original members of the board of edu- cation, and is at this time its president. He married, August 12, 1847, Miss Caroline, daughter of the late Samson Bullard, and has a daughter and two sons. Theologically, he is a Unitarian, but attends the Episcopal church. John Farr, the subject of this sketch, has had a varied career. Brought up ona farm and subjected to the privations and scant educational advant- ages which the early settlers of the town could afford their children, a frail constitution compelled him at an early age to seek other means of livelihood than such as were offered on the rugged farm of his father. He entered the store of William Bracket and subsequently began a mercantile career, as a member of the firm of Ely, Farr & Co. He was for some years deputy sheriff for the county, and had a considerable interest in various business en- terprises. In 1848 the condition of his health led him to return to the occu- pation of his boyhood years, and we find him located upon a farm in Glover, Vt. This he abandoned two years later and returned to Littleton. At an age when few men would have deemed it prudent to change the habits formed by a life of nearly thirty years in another field of activity, he resolved to begin the study of law, and, in 1850, entered the office of William J. Bel- lows for that purpose. He finished his studies in the office of C. W. Rand, and in September, 1854, when a few months more than forty-four years of BENCH AND BAR. ' 109 age, was admitted to the bar at Haverhill. A year prior to his admission he had formed a partnership with Mr. Rand, which was dissolved soon after. He then became a member of the firm of Bellows & Farr (William J. Bellows) and continued this connection until 1859, when Mr. Bellows withdrew. Mr. Farr’s professional life was essentially that of a business lawyer. He madea ‘specialty of drawing business papers, collecting claims and settling estates. In this branch of the profession he was skillful and successful. When he re- tired from active business he possessed an independent fortune which was acquired during the twenty years in which he followed his profession. After his son, Major E. W. Farr, was admitted to the bar, the firm of John Farr & Son was formed, and it flourished until 1873, when the senior member sub- ‘stantially closed his professional life. Mr. Farr has always taken an active part in public affairs, and has been an earnest advocate of every measure cal- culated to promote the best interests of the community. He has twice held the office of county commissioner, has been a member of the board of select- men, justice of the Police Court, and a member of the board of education. He married, first, Tryphena Morse, in 1833, by whom he had seven children —Caroline E., George, Mary Ellen, John, Jr., Evarts W., Caroline (wife of Dr. B. F. Page), and Charles A.; second, in 1852, Mrs. E. M. Bowman; and third, in 1862, Mrs. Emma M. Woolson, by whom he has one child, Stella B. He is a member of the Congregational church, president of the Littleton National bank, and a trustee of the Savings bank. He is now seventy-six years of age, and though in feeble health, his interest in public affairs is not abated. : Edward Dean Rand. (See Lisbon.) George Azro Bingham, the younger of the Bingham brothers, was born in Concord, Vt., April 25, 1826, was educated in his native town and at acade- mies in the vicinity, teaching a portion of the time to obtain the means to prosecute his studies. When twenty years of age he commenced reading law in the office of Hon. Thomas Bartlett, Jr., at Lyndon, Vt., then a leading member of the bar in that state, where he remained until December, 1848, when he was admitted to the bar at Danville, in Caledonia county. During his course as a student he applied himself with the diligence which has since been characteristic. Soon after his admission he made‘a trip through the west, spending some months in Iowa, but returned in June, 1849, to Lyndon, and formed a partnership with Mr. Bartlett, under the name of Bartlett & Bingham. This firm existed two years, when Mr. Bartlett was elected to Congress and George W. Roberts became a member of the firm under the name of Bartlett, Bingham & Roberts. Mr. Bingham, during his practice in Vermont, was engaged in some important causes of which he had the prep- aration and- direction in the trial, substantially, and met with good success. In 1852, Mr. Bartlett, owing to the redistricting of the state, was not a candi- date for re-election, and Mr. Bingham sold his interest in the firm to the other members and moved to Littleton, Grafton county, N. H., and formed an equal partnership withr his brother. Harry, under the name of H. & G. A. Bingham. In 1859 the b others associated with Hon. Andrew S. & Edward Woods, of Bath, having an office in each town, the Littleton office being in charge of Harry Bingham and Edward Woods, and that at Bath of Judge Woods and G. A. Bingham. At the expiration of the co-partnership in 1862 Mr. Bingham returned to Littleton and 1esumed business with his brother, ander the old firm name, which continued until 1870. The different firms did a good. business and were engaged in important causes, though not a large business. After the dissolution, in 1870, the brothers continued to reside in Ito GRAFTON COUNTY. Littleton and to some extent becamé rivals in business. In August, 1876, Mr. Bingham was appointed an associate justice of the Supreme Court. From 1870 to this time he had been alone in business and had been successful, his en- gagements being chiefly as associate counsel in the trial of causes, bringing but few suits himself. At the time of his appointment his retainers numbered: about four hundred in cases pending in the different courts in which he practiced, which gave him an income which may be safely said as good as. that of any individual lawyer in the state. October rst, 1880, he resigned his place on the court and resumed practice. In January following he formed a partnership with Edgar Aldrich, and two years later Daniel C. Remich was. taken into the firm under the name of Bingham, Aldrich & Remich, which continued till December, 1884, when the senior member was reappointed to- the bench. After he resumed practice in 1880, very many of his former clients came to him, and soon he was doing as successful a business as when first appointed, which increased until his reappointment, and was among the most lucrative in the state, his business being in the New Hampshire, Ver- mront and United States courts. As early as 1858 Mr. Bingham was retained in the important case of Rus- sell vs. Dyer, involving the title to the Fabyan House and property, to argue it to the jury, F. O. J. Smith, of Portland, Me., being employed to argue it on the other side, and from this time forward, he was retained and took an active part in the preparation and trial of many of the important real estate cases in Northern New Hampshire and some in Vermont, such as Wells vs. Jackson Iron Manufacturing Company, commenced. in 1860, to recover twelve thousand acres, including the top of Mt. Washington; Cahoon vs. Coe, for the recovery of Wentworth’s Location—a tract of fourteen thousand acres, and the so-called New Hampshire Land Company cases vs. H. L, Til- ton and others for the recovery of large tracts in Bethlehem, in all about 26,- ooo acres; also, several important will cases, of which that of Dr. Samuel Bemis was as noted as any. He was also counsel for six years in the business. of the Grand Trunk Railway Company in the states of New Hampshire and Vermont, and the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad Company, during: which time several important causes were tried, such as Richardson vs. G. T. R. in the U. S. Circuit Court for the district of Vermont, and reported in the 1 of Otto 454, Taylor vs. G. T. R., reported in the 48 N. H. 304. Mr. Bingham is a good, thorough lawyer, quick to apply his knowledge to- the case in hand ; his mind is clear and penetrating ; no flaw in the prepara- tion or case of his opponent escapes his keen scrutiny, and no fact essential. to his client is neglected or left obscure. As an advocate he had great in- fluence with the jury, strong in statement, powerful in appeal, eloquent in address. His knowledge of human nature and commanding presence com- bine to make him an effective advocate. As a judge he possesses the essen- tial qualifications of an admirable presiding justice. He holds the scales of. justice with even poise. His extensive knowledge of the law and practice enable him to detect the main points in issue, and hold the contending coun- sel quietly but firmly to them. He possesses great patience, and here, as at the bar, his industry is continuous and unflagging, and thus early in his judicial life has earned and worthily wears the title of model judge. He has been twice married and has five children. Judge Bingham has taken great interest in public affairs, Democratic in politics, in the counsels of his party he has been an active and sagacious leader, and it has often recognized his merit. He has beet twice elected senator in the State Legislature, in 1864 and 1865, twice representative from Littleton to the General Court in 1875 BENCH AND BAR. 11l and 1876, a delegate to the Democratic national convention held at Charles- town and Baltimore in 1860. and was the candidate of his party for Congress in 1880. His interest in educational matters is evinced by his membership of the board of education for Union School district in Littleton’ from 1874 to 1886, and by his holding the office of trustee of the State Normal school eight years, from 1870. He is a director in the Littleton National bank and and president of the Savings bank. Amid the pressing demands of a large professional business, he has discharged the duties of these minor positions with fidelity. Evarts Worcester Farr, son of John and Tryphena (Morse) Farr, was born in Littleton, October 10, 1840. When a mere lad he resolved to make his own way in the wor]d, and, leaving school, went to Roxbury, Mass., where for some months he drove a milk wagon into Boston. After an experience of nine months in this business he concluded that it was hardly suited to his talents, and returned home to resume his place in school. He fitted fur col- lege at the academy in Thetford, Vermont, and entered Dartmouth in 1859. The following winter he taught the village school in Whitefield, N. H. He did not return to Dartmouth, but entered his father’s office and began the study of law. His pursuit of this science was destined to a rude interruption. The call to arms which followed the conflict at Fort Sumter found in him a swift volunteer. He was the first volunteer of Littleton, and accompanied its first contingent to the battle-field. Of his career as a soldier, from the in- glorious engagement of the first Bull Run to the triumphant close of the con- flict, we have spoken elsewhere in this work. When soldiers were no longer needed, he resumed his studies and, in July, 1867, was admitted to the bar at Lancaster and formed a partnership with his father. Major Farr entered at once upon a considerable practice, and by trying his own causes, to a large ex- tent, broadened and increased the business. Before coming tothe bar he had been appointed deputy assessor of the internal revenue, and held this office until he wag appointed assessor for the third district of New Hampshire in 1870. He entered zealously into the political contests of the day, and was frequently the candidate of his party for representative to the legislature and for town offices, but failed of an election because of ani adverse political major- ity. He was a member of the exective council in 1876, from the Fifth Coun- cillor district, solicitor for Grafton county, and in 1878 was elected to Con- gress from the old Third district, receiving a plurality of 1,045 votes over Col. Henry O. Kent, the Democratic candidate. In November, 1880, he was re- elected to the 47th Congress. His. Congressional career was short, having covered but one session of his first term. Here, however, as in other spheres of public life in which he was called to serve, his strong common sense, his ready. tact, his suavity, his genius of adaptability and his devotion to duty, bid fair to extend his fame beyond the limits of his native State. He quickly won the respect and retained the confidence of his associates in all the rela- tions of hfe. At the bar the same traits of character which gave him so large Il2 GRAFTON COUNTY. a degree of success in political life made him a popular attorney with as large a clientage as he cared to possess. His constantly increasing interest in pub- lic matters engrossed so large a share of his time from the first, as to prevent his giving that attention to the law which the extent of his practice would seem to require. As it was, his intellectual resources enabled him to meet the demands of his business and gave him more than the average degree of success at the bar. It can not be doubted that, had he devoted himself especi- ally to his profession, his ability would have enabled him to attain a foremost position in its ranks. He was a fluent, persuasive and often eloquent speaker. Major Farr married at Portsmouth, N. H., May 19, 1861, Miss Ellen F. Bur- pee, of New Hampton, N. H., who with three children survives him. His last Congressional contest was made with Judge George A. Bingham as his principal opponent, and was for some time doubtful. He threw himself into it with more than his accustomed energy, and its labors were such as to seriously impair his health, which had not been robust since the wounds he -received at the battle of Williamsburg. A severe cold contracted late in November resulted in an attack of pneumonia, which terminated fatally No- vember 30, 1880. His untimely death was widely mourned. John Michael Mitchell occupies a position in the front rank of New Hamp- shire lawyers. He isthe son of John Mitchell, of Derby Vt., and was born in Plymouth, N. H., July 6, 1849. His education was acquired in the com- mon schools and at the academy in Derby, Vermont. He began his legal studies with Edmunds & Dickerman, of Derby, and in 1871 entered the office of Hon. Harry Bingham, in Littleton. Admitted to the bar in March, 1872, he was at once employed by his preceptor, and one year later became his part- ner, under the firm name of Bingham & Mitchell. He remained in Littleton until 1881, when he removed to Concord and established there an office of his firm. He still retains an interest in the firm of Bingham, Mitchells & Batchellor. Mr. Mitchell is devoted to his profession, bringing to the dis- charge of the duties of an attorney, good natural abilities, untiringgindustry and a laudable ambition to serve his client as well as to achieve distinction as a sound, learned and honorable lawyer. He has to some extent made a spe- cialty of the preparation of briefs, and presents the law with fullness, logical — ‘force and precision. He has given much attention to, and isa master of, corporate law and has been the most active of the counsel engaged in the several cases growing out of the lease or the Northern railroad to the Boston & Lowell corporation. He has taken an active and influential interest in pub- lic affairs and was for two years a member of the board of selecmen of Lit- tleton, in which position he rendered the town important service by funding its debt at a low rate of interest and in other respects. He served as solicitor of Grafton county from March, 1879, to July, 1881. November 19, 1874, he married Miss Julia C. Sonergan, by whom he has a daughter and a son. , Albert Stillman Batchelior, born in Bethlehem, N. H., April 22, 1850, son of Stillman and Mary Jane (Smith) Batchellor, attended the seminaries at é BENCH AND BAR. T12? Newbury, Vt., and Tilton, N. H., and was graduated at Dartmouth, in the class of 1872. The same year he entered the office of H. & G. A. Bingham, and after pursuing the usual course of study, was admitted to the bar in March, 1875. For one year he was employed by Hon. G. A. Bingham, and when that gentleman went upon the bench, he took his office and entered upon an active practice. Charles W. Bolles was for one year his partner. In 1879 he became a member of the firm of Bingham, Mitchell & Batchellor. This firm, with the addition three years later of William H. Mitchell, still con- tinues, and is regarded as among the strongest in the state. Mr. Batchellor has not been an exception to the rule among Littleton attorneys, but has taken a lively interest in politics. He has three times represented the town in the General Court, and served a term of two years as solicitor of the county. In the legislature he bore a prominent part, and was at one time the candidate of his party for speaker. He served on the more important committees, and proved a spirited and practical debater. At the bar he is thorough, systematic and conscientious in the discharge of the duties of his high office as an at- torney. He takes such an interest as good citizenship requires in all matters affecting the public welfare. He is a lover of books, and given to collecting such as relate to local and national history and genealogy. For some years he has given as much time to matters pertaining to the history of Littleton as the demands of an exacting business would permit, and is a member of the committee appointed by the town to prepare its history for publication. He is also one ot the most active members of the Grafton and Coéds Bar Asso- ciation. He is a forcible and instructive writer, and an effective public speaker. In April, 1880, he married Miss Harriet A. Copeland. They have two children, a son and a daughter. John L. Foster.—(See Lisbon.) Elbert Carroll Stevens, son of Grove S. and Lydia (Wilson) Stevens, was born in Piermont, N. H., November 10, 1847. He was educated in the com- mon schools of Haverhill and at Meriden academy. His legal education began when he was thirteen years of age. His father was sheriff of the county, and he served as court messenger, and in that capacity acquired a large share of his very considerable legal knowledge. He was subsequently a student in the office of the Hon. N. B. Felton, and finished his course with George W. Chapman. In August, 1871, he was admitted to the bar. In 1873 he came to Littleton, and formed a partnership with the late Hon. Evarts W. Farr, a relation which was dissolved in 1878, since which time Mr, Stevens has been in practice alone, with the exception of a brief period, when Edgar M. Warner was in company with him. Mr. Stevens possesses a legal intuition, which leads to accurate conclusions, and enables him, without ap- parent labor, to rapidly dispose of business. Indeed, his peculiar nervous organization renders continuous application to study well nigh impossible. Before settling down to the law, Mr. Stevens had been in business at the West and Southwest. He married, July 26, 1875, Miss J. Augusta Stevens, of Lit- tleton. They have no children. T12? GRAFTON COUNTY. William Henry Mitchell, the junior member of the law firm of Bingham, Mitchells & Batchellor, was born at Wheelock, Vt., September 18, 1856, and . received his education in the common schools and in the Littleton high school. In 1877 he entered the office with which he has ever since been coanected, and was admitted to the bar at Concord, March 19, 1880. He was at first employed by the firm as an attorney, but in July, 1882, was admitted as a. partner. Mr. Mitchell devotes himself largely to the practical branch of the: profession. He is studious and painstaking in the preparation of his cases, and well versed in the law applicable to the case in hand. He possesses great industry and a practical judgment which is seldom at fault. For some years he has taken much interest in educational matters, and has served his town as superintendent of school committee, and for six years was a member of the board of education for Union school district. Politically, he is an active member of the Democratic party, and one of its youngest leaders. He is a Sagacious and conservative adviser, who has no selfish ends to subserve, and is always content with securing success for the party to which he belongs and to which he gives loyal, zealous and faithful service. Edgar Aldrich was born at Pittsburg, N. H., February 5, 1848. His edu- cation was acquired in the common schools of his native town and at Cole- brook academy. In 1866 he began the study of law in the office of Ira A, Ramsey, in Colebrook, N. H., and in March 1868, was graduated from the Ann Arbor law school. The following August he was admitted to the bar at Colebrook, and opened an office in that town. In 1870 he became a mem- ber of the law firm of Aldrich & Shurtleff, and in 1875 was the senior member of the firm of Aldrich & Parsons. In January, 1881, he came to Littleton: and formed a partnership with Hon. George A. Bingham, which continued - until June, 1884, when Judge Bingham was appointed to the bench. Mayr. 1882, Daniel C. Remich became a member of the firm under the name of Bingham, Aldrich & Remich. Upon the withdrawal of Judge Bingham the junior members continued the business as Aldrich & Remich. October s5,. 1872, Mr. Aldrich was united in marriage to Miss Louise M. Remick, sister of his present law partner. They have a son and a daughter. Before attaining his majority Mr. Aldrich became an ardent politician, and after coming to the bar was appointed solicitor of Cods county by Governor Straw, and continued in the position until the fortunes of the party suffered an eclipse. When his party resumed power Governor Cheney again made him the prosecuting officer of his county. After coming to Littleton he devoted himself entirely to his professional work until November, 1874, when he was elected a member of the General Court, and upon the assembling of the leg- islature in June following he was elected speaker of the House of Representa- tives, and discharged the duties of the position with eminent satisfaction to that body. In his profession Mr. Aldrich is regarded as a leader among the younger members of the bar. He has a strong legal mind and unusual re- serve power. Indeed, it requires more than an ordinary occasion to call forth BENCH AND BAR. 112° his best efforts. He does not like to be hurried, but when pressed is very apt to reach the goal. Daniel Clark Remich was born in Hardwick, Vt., January rs, 1852. .He attended the common schools and academy of his town, and in 1875 began to read law in the office of Edgar Aldrich, in Colebrook, N. H. Subse- quently he pursued his studies in the offices of Aldrich & Parsons and of J. H. Dudley, at Colebrook, and was graduated at the law school of Michigan university in March, 1878, and the following April was admitted to the bar at Lancaster. He began the practice of his profession at Colebrook as a member of the firm of Dudley & Remich immediately after his admission, and remained there until May, 1882, when he became the junior member of the firm of Bingham, Aldrich & Remich, of Littleton. In February, 1879, Mr. Remich married Miss Belle Loverin, of Colebrook, who died at Littleton in September, 1885. May 18, 1886, he married Lizzie M., daughter of Ben- jamin W. Kilburn. Mr. Remich’s earlier educational advantages were limited, and for nearly four years after he was eighteen years of age he worked in the cotton mills. at Lawrence, Mass., but the indomitable energy which characterized all his. undertakings conquered adverse fate, and he has won a position at the bar as a sound lawyer and untiring worker, who was never known to leave the traditional stone unturned that promised to lead to success. James Waldron Remick is a brother of Daniel C. and of Mrs. Edgar Ald- rich. He was born in Hardwick, Vt., October 30, 1860. He was edu- cated in the common schools, and when nineteen years of age began the study of law under the tuition of B. F. Chapman, at Clockville, N.Y. Later he was a student in the offices of Aldrich & Parsons, at Colebrook, and of Bing- ham & Aldrich, in Littleton. He attended the Michigan university law school, whence he was graduated in 1872. The same year he was admitted to the bar at Concord, N. H., and was for two years in practice at Cole- brook and subsequently in the employ of Aldrich & Remich, at Littleton. In 1885 he formed a partnership with Hon. Ossian Ray, and opened an office for the firm in Littleton. Mr. Remick is a diligent student, an eloquent. speaker, and promises to achieve distinction in his chosen profession. He is fond of literature, and has varied the monotony of professional life by en- tering the lecture field, where he has ‘won an enviable reputation. An ardent Republican, his services have been in frequent demand upon the stump, where his brilliant advocacy of the principles of his party has been highly ap- preciated. A number of young men have located in Littleton in practice of the pro- fession, but not to remain a sufficient length of time to become identified with the interests of the town. Among these were James Ancrum Winslow, Charles W. Bolles, David S. Whitcher, and Edgar M. Warner. James Ancrum Winslow, son of the late Rear-Admiral Winslow, of the U. §. navy, was born in Boston, April 29, 1839. He was educated at Harvard, T12° GRAFTON COUNTY. graduating in the class of 1859, pursued a course of legal study at the Uni- versity of Virginia law school, and was admitted to the bar at Boston in Sep- tember, 1861. He was for a time in practice in that city, but in October, 1867, came to Littleton, where he remained less than a year. His legal at- tainments were considerable, and he possessed a large fund of general infor. mation. He was an accomplished public speaker, and while here took an active part in the pending political campaign, advocating the principles of the Democratic party upon the stump. He is now located at Bingham- ton, N. Y., where he has a prosperous practice. Charles W. Bolles was born in Bethlehem, N. H., August 24, 1847. He was educated in the schools of his native town, and in the academy at New Hampton, read law with Hon. Henry W. Blair, at Plymouth, and with A. S. Batchellor, at Littleton, and was admitted to practice at Haverhill, in Septem- ‘ber, 1877. He began his professional career at Littleton immediately after, and was for a time in partnership with A. S. Batchellor. In 1879 he removed to New York city, where he is now in practice. Mr. Bolles is a good business lawyer, a branch of the profession in which he is a specialist. David Simeon Whitcher was born in Landaff, now Easton, November 30, 1846. He was educated at the seminary at Tilton, and at the New Hampton Literary Institution. His legal education was obtained in the offices of C. W. & E. D. Rand, and of Bingham & Mitchell, in Littleton. He was admitted to the bar at the March term, at Haverhill, in 1876, and for ‘one year thereafter was employed as an attorney by Bingham & Mitchell. He then opened an office, and, notwithstanding the rapid encroachments of. consumption, he did a considerable office business. He was, however, com- pelled to relinquish his practice, and in the summer of 1881, he retired to the home of his parents, in Easton, where he died in November of that year. He has been described by one who knew him well, as “the soul of professional honor * * * * absolutely free from vices of habit or pur- pose, * * * * never betraying a client, a friend, or even an enemy.” Edgar Morris Warner came to Littleton from Connecticut where he had practiced his profession for some years and enjoyed numerous political hon- ors. He was born in Worcester, Mass., June 16, 1850, was graduated from Harvard law school in 1872, and admitted to the bar in September of the same year, at New London, Connecticut. Before coming to Littleton he was located at Norwich, Conn., three years, and at Central Village in Plainfield, Conn., seven years. He remained in Littleton but one year in partnership with E. C. Stevens He possessed a good legal education, but was wanting in the faculty of applying his knowledge to the case in hand. He was an honorable, high-minded lawyer, who gained many friends in this section. He is now in practice at Central Village, his former home in Connecticut. It should be remarked that all the attorneys enumerated in this classifica- tion were bachelors while citizens of Littleton, and the three who are still liv- ing persist in remaining in that condition, BENCH AND BAR. tr2° LymE.*—Joseph H. Johnson.—The first Jawyer located in this town, so far as can now be learned, was Joseph H. Johnson, who came from Keene about 1812. He continued in the practice till about 1817, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. It is said that he met with an accidental death at that city. He was a ‘perfect gentleman” and a man of fine intellectual endow- ment. His wife was one of the well known Keene family of Wilsons. They had two daughters and a son. William Smith was early located here and was the successor of Mr. John- son. (See Hanover.) Isaac Patterson was in practice here for two or three years, following Mr. Smith. Mr. Patterson came from Piermont. (See Bath.) George M. Phelps was in practice here from 1819 to 1826. (See Bristol.) John Frink Adams, son of Prof. E. Adams, of Dartmouth college, was in practice in this town from 1825 to 1827. He was born in Leicester, Mass., November 3, 1799, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1817, studied at the Litchfield (Conn.) law school, practiced two years at Watertown, N. Y., and before coming to Lyme, and at Mobile, Ala., from 1827 to 1853. He then removed to Washington, D. C., where he was for many years a government clerk, and died at Baltimore, Md., in 1883. Jonathan Kitteredge was located at this place in practice from 1827 to i836. (See Canaan.) Orrorp.{—Hon. Abiathar G. Britton came to Orford about Septem- ber, 1796. It is understood that he came here from Fryeburg, Me., or that region, where he and the late Judge Dana met and cast lots to see which should locate in Fryeburg and which in Orford. The lot for Orford falling on Mr. Britton he soon came to this town on horse-back with his entire worldly effects in his saddle-bags. He very-soon settled at what is now called Orford Street. He was admitted to the bar of the Superior Court for Graf- ton county at the November term, 1800, and was soon engaged in a lucrative practice, always taking great interest in all public affairs, being often engaged as counsel for the town. He was for many years one of the board of audit- ors of selectmen’s accounts, and also moderator at the town elections, was one of the state Senate in 181617, represented the town in the legislature in 1835~36, ’38, 39, 50, 51, was delegate to the constitutional convention of s8so0-st.. Mr. Britton was for many years one of the directors of the old Grafton bank, of which Mr. Payson, of Bath, was president, and afterwards Mr. Olcott, of Hanover. Mr. Britton was possessed of a large fund of in- formation upon all manner of subjects, which he always seemed quite will- ing to impart, especially to the younger portion of the community. He amassed a large property here, where he resided until near the close of his life. He died in, or near, Boston about 1@51 or’52. Mr. Britton had two sons and several daughters. , *By Preston H. A. Claflin. + By Paul Lang. Ta 112 GRAFTON COUNTY. Jeduthan Wilcox, born in Middletown, Conn., 1769, received his education in the best school of that city. He moved to Hanover, N. H., in 1795, and read law with Hon. Benjamin J., Gilbert, removed to Orford and commenced. the practice of law in 1803, where he ever afterward practiced his profession, till.his death in July, 1838. He was a member of Congress from New Hamp- shire from 1813 to 1817, and served ‘in the state legislature a number of terms.. Mr. Wilcox had a large practice and was connected with various business in- terests and enterprises. He maintained a commanding influence in public affairs for many years, and is entitled to a place among the foremost men of his time in the section where his active life was spent. Leonard Wilcox, a son of the Hon. Jeduthan Wilcox, was born in Han- over, N. H., January 24, 1799, and passed nearly the whole of his life in Or-. ford. He graduated with distinction at Dartmouth college in 1817, and in a few years afterwards was admitted to the bar. He was elected to the leg- islature in 1828, and represented Orford during the six subsequent years. He- was again élected in 1837. In June, 1838, he was appointed one of the jus- tices of the Superior Court, which office, however, he resigned in June, 1840. In February, 1842, he was appointed by Governor Page, and in June foilow-- ing was elected by the legislature a senator in Congress, to serve out the un- expired time of Hon. F. Pierce, who had resigned. In December, 1847, he was appointed a circuit justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and in June,. 1848, he was again appointed an associate justice of the Supreme Court,. which office he held at his death, June 18, 1850. With learning of a high order Judge Wilcox combined a character for integrity, uprightness, -human- ity and great soundness of judgment, which, together, rendered him an honor to the judiciary of the state. Samuel M. Wilcox, a son of Hon. Leonard Wilcox, was born at Orford,. January 29, 1829, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1847, and admitted to- the bar in 1849, practiced law at Franklin, N. H., in 1849-50, at Orford in 1850-52, at Lancaster in 1852-55, Nashua in 1855-58, at Exeter in 1858—64,. and since that time at Washington, D. C. John Rogers was one of the reliable business lawyers of Orford. He re- mained upon his father’s farm until his majority. The law became his ambi-- tion, and by teaching and other remunerative employment he procured means to prosecute his general and legal education. His law study was in the office of Hon. Jeduthan Wilcox, at Orford, and he secured admission to the bar at. about the age of twenty-eight. He at once married and opened an office in Orford, where his business became extensive and lucrative in the department: of collections. He practiced here for some twenty years, in the last of which he was a partner with Judge Wilcox. At that period various enactments had begun to operate unfavorably upon the business of collections, and Mr. Rogers- retired from practice and returned to his first love, the farm. His legal train- ing made him a useful counsellor and efficient public officer. During all his- life he was largely occupied in public affairs, and undoubtedly was a valuable: BENCH AND BAR. I1r2’ ‘Citizen. He was a selectman, it seems, more years than any other individual in Orford. In all the relations of life he was regarded as upright and reliable. He died at Orford, December 28, 1859, at the age of seventy-seven, having maintained his active and laborious habits almost to the last of his long and useful life. Thomas B. Mann was in practice at Orford from 1850 to 1858. He is a native of the town and was educated in her schools. At the conclusion of some eight years of practice here he removed to Elizabeth, N. J., where he has since resided. Hon. David R. Lang was in the practice of law in this place from 1864 to May 30, 1875, the date of his death. He was a son of Sherburn Lang, born at Bath, May 6, 1830. His education was at the old Newbury seminary and Dartmouth college. In 1854 he began the study of law with Hon. Harry Hibbard, at Bath, graduated at the Albany law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1857, at Haverhill. He continued in practice nearly atl the time at Bath until his removal to Orford, in 1864. He married Josephine R. Smith in 1859, and five children were born to them,—Paul Lang (now an attorney at Orford), Kittie R., Edward J., David R. and Mary J. Mr. Lang was always popular among the people, and was representative from Bath in 1859 and 1860, and from Orford, 1867, 1868, 1869, and 1871. He was appointed judge of probate for Grafton county, by Governor Stearns, in 1870, and held the office until 1874, when all the judges joined the ‘‘ outs” in consequence of certain election returns, favorable tothe Democracy. Judge Lang was a man of ‘infinite jest.” In conversation he was full of humor and genial enter- tainment. He always made the court-house an agreeable resort when he had a part in the proceedings himself, or had the free use of a quill while some one else was making opportunities for his jocose sallies. Said one of the leaders of the Grafton bar, on learning of his decease: “The public have lost by his death a good man, and a judicious and influ- ential citizen ; but he will always remain with his friends, a green spot in their memories.” Charles Warren Pierce, who studied law in the office of Hon. D. R. Lang, of this place, from which he was admitted to the bar, at Concord, in 1863, was in practice here from that date until his death, February 1, 1801, He ‘was a son of Jerediah and Deborah Heath Pierce, born August 6, 1837, at Fairlee, Vt. He was not a college graduate and his education was princi- pally obtained at Orford. Mr. Pierce earned a high reputation for integrity in business and fidelity to all matters committed to his management professionally, or as a citizen and official. He was rather a business than a court lawyer. The people of Or- ford always had full confidence in him, making him town treasurer, represen- tative to the General Court, and an especial favorite as the custodian of trust funds and as confidential adviser. He was twice married, first, October 2, 1866, to Sarah C. Dimick, and second, December 12, 1876, to Martha Abbie How- 112° GRAFTON COUNTY. ard. Two children were born to him of the first marriage, and one of the last. He was not identified with any church; was a Republican in politics. He was connected with the law firms of Lang & Pierce and Pierce & Streeter. Frank S. Streeter, a native of East Charleston, Vt., was in practice here some six months in 1877, a member of the firm of Pierce & Streeter. He had been a student of Hon. A. P. Carpenter, at Bath, and was admitted tothe bar in 1877, at the Haverhill March term. In the latter part of October, 1877, Mr. Streeter formed a partnership with J. H. Albin, of Concord, which cantinued two years. He has since been a member of the. firm of “Chase & Streeter at the same place. Meantime Mr. Streeter has attained an honorable standing in his profession. The firm has an extensive and lucra- tive practice. Mr. Streeter is identified with several social organizations in his city, and is representative of his ward in the legislature. In the last ses- sion of that body he held a leading rank on the Republican side, and was one of its most industrious and reliable representatives in debate and committee work. He was prepared for college at St. Johnsbury (Vt.) academy, entered Bates college, in Maine, and graduated at Dartmouth in'1874. He married Lillian Carpenter, daughter of hislaw preceptor, Hon. A. P. Carpenter, Novem- ber 14,1877, andhastwochildren, ason and daughter. Mr. Streeter is fortunate in the possession of a most attractive home, and he is greatly devoted to his domestic affairs. His religious preferences are Unitarian, and his politics are now and always have been positively Republican. Emory B. Smith opened a law office here in March, 1881, but died in the following July. He was a native of New York, but came from Boston to Orford. He was about 46 years of age at the time of his death. Paul Lang,* a son of Hon. David R. Lang, came to the bar from the office of George W. Chapman, at the March term at Haverhill, 1882. He was born at Bath, July 1, 1860, fitted for college at the St. Johnsbury (Vt.) academy, and was one year in Dartmouth. He commenced the study of law in 1879. He has been located in practice at Orford since his admission to the bar, and a member of the firm of Chapman & Lang since March, 1882. This firm has an extensive business, the proportion of causes for trial largely oc- cupying the attention of Mr. Lang. He is a Republican in politics, unmar- ried, and without any active church connections. PiymoutH.t—John Porter was probably the first lawyer who settled in Plymouth, N. H. In April, 1784, he was admitted to practice in the Su- preme Court of Judicature. He continued in practice at Plymouth until 1813, when he moved to some other field of professional labor. He was sec- retary of the State Bar Association for atime and until 1793, when he re- signed. He was.reported to be a lawyer of ability and learning. Phineas Walker was admitted to the New Hampshire bar in 1796 and *By A. S. Batchellor. +By Alvin Burleigh. BENCH AND BAR, 112° practiced at Plymouth until 1832. Mr. Walker was a lawyer of character and ability, and for several years was a judge of Probate of Grafton county. Stephen Grant was admitted to the bar at the September term of the court of Common Pleas, in 1803, and practiced law in Plymouth until 182y, and again from 1844 till 1846. He died and was buried in that town. Samuel C. Webster was a native of Plymouth, N. H. He studied law with George Woodard, Esq., and was admitted to the court of Common Pleas in 1812. It is said that he was not always on friendly terms with Judge Arthur Livermore. The latter preferred charges against him at the September term, 1817, for not entering a certain appeal upon the court docket. He was fully exonerated, however, after a careful investigation of the charges. He prac- ticed in Plymouth from 1815 till1835, He was originally a Whig, but later in life a Democrat. He was speaker of the New Hampshire House of Rep- resentatives in 1830, and was an able and influential man. May 5, 1816, he married Catherine Russell, and in August, 1835, he died at Haverhill, N. H. Benjamin Darling was admitted to the Grafton county bar, February term, 1815, and practiced his profession in Plymouth from that time till 1823. He was considered better qualified for office practice than the trial of cases in court, and devoted himself more especially to the former division of profes- sional work. Nathaniel P. Rogers was born in Plymouth, N. H., June 3, 1794, the fifth child of a family of eleven. In personal appearance and moral characteris- tics he is said to have resembled, in a remarkable degree, his remote kinsman, John Rogers, who was burned at the stake in Smithfield in 1555. He gradu- ated with honors at Dartmouth college in the class of 1816, and was admitted to the bar of Grafton county-at the November term of the Superior Court in 1819. From 1824 till 1839 he practiced law at Plymouth. As a lawyer he was earnest, industrious and well read ; careful in preparation and vigilant in the trial of causes. He was paceeeihons and faithful toward his clients, with- out giving needless offence to his opponents. His known purity of character and high regard for principal, aided by brilliant and forcible speech, made him one of the foremost jury advocates of the Grafton county bar. In 1835 he became an abolitionist, and in 1838 removed to Concord and be- came the editor of Zhe Herald of Freedom, one of the most brilliant and aggres- sive newspapers in the country, and devoted to the anti-slavery cause. From this time till his death he was an earnest, industrious and fearless advocate of woman’s rights, temperance and the abolition of human slavery. On the street, in the press, and upon the platform his voice and pen were untiring in sup-~ port of these causes. He was apposed to war and became an active member of the Non-resistance Society of New England. Ata meeting of the society on one occasion the president justified the slaughter of the Canaanites as a mandate from Heaven. Rogers inquired ifhe wotld slay human beings with the sword if God commanded, and upon receiving an affirmative answer re- plied “well, I wouldn’t.” This incident forcibly illustrates the strength of his rr2’° GRAFTON COUNTY. convictions on great public questions. He was deeply interested in history, poetry and general literature, and made valuable contributions in those fields of labor. Although a prolific writer, a single volume of editoral articles is said to be the only work in bound form that preserves the record of his wond- ful pen. He became 2 member of the Congregational church while at Ply- mouth, and was for a time much interestedin church and missionary work. In later years his religious views grew more liberal as the cause of suffering hu- manity engrossed his attention in larger measure. His ancestors, originally from Dedham, England, had for many generations lived in Massachusetts, and were remarkable, among other things, for pre- senting eight Congregational ministers in almost unbroken succession for as many generations. His father, Dr. John Rogers, who married Betsey Mulliken, of Bradford, Mass., was born in Leominster, Mass., graduated from Harvard college in the class of 1777, went to Plymouth in the extreme youth of that town, and enjoyed a high reputaion as a physician. Mr. Rogers was married, in 1832, to Mary Porter Farrand, of Burlington, Vt., daughter of Hon. Daniel Farrand, who was one of the justices of the Supreme Court of Ver- mont. In 1840 he was sent by the Abolitionists of New Hampshire to the world’s anti-slavery convention at London, but the refusal of that body to ad- mit as members Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and other women of the American delegation, decided him to decline the honor for himself and his constituents. Returning home, he found his name at the head of the An#- Stavery Standard, the organ of the American society, and published in New York city. He declined this honor, as it necessitated his leaving New Hamp- shire, but furnished weekly editorals, however, for about a year. In 1845 the loss of his property through the failure of another, with other grevious afflic- tions, shadowed his last days with sorrow. This christian gentleman, scholar and philanthropist died in October, 1846, and was buried in the old cemetery at Concord. No humanhand has reared a tablet to his memory, but some kindly oaks have grown and stand as faithful sentinels over his grave—a constant re- buke to the heedless. crowd that so easily forget the benefactors of their kind. William C. Thompson was a native of New Hampshire and a lawyer of sound learning and great intellectual acuteness. His professional training, habits of close logical study, and aptness in reading human character, made him one of the safest office counsellors and successful practitioners of Grafton county bar. Endowed with large common sense, candid judgment and _ well balanced faculties, always cool, active and vigilant, he was most efficiently equipped for the legal encounters in which he took so promment a part dur- ing his long professional career. He practiced in Plymouth from 1826 till 1852, reared an interesting family of intelligent, successful children, and ac- cumulated a respectable fortune. His death, which was of recent date, oc- curred at Worcester, Mass‘, where he had for several years been living in quiet retirement. Jonathan Bliss was a graduate of Dartmouth college. He studied law a BENCH AND BAR. 112"! with J. Bell, was admitted to the bar and practiced law at Plymouth from 1829 till 1834, a portion of the time being a member of the law firm of ‘Thompson & Bliss. From Plymouth he moved to Gainsville, Ala., where he practiced law until his death, at an advanced age. Originally he was a Whig, but after his removal to the south he became an ardent Democrat. Joseph Burrows was a native of Maine. He was born in Lebanon, August 26, 1813. His early education was limited to the common district schools. He taught school winters and worked on the farm summers. In the fullest ‘sense he was a self-made man. By private study and instrnction he prepared hituself for college, but from lack of means was unable to secure a collegiate education. His law education was with Joseph Dearborn, of Effingham, N. H., and at Harvard Law school. He was admitted to the bar in 1834, and began practice in Holderness, N. H. In 1858 he removed to Plymouth where he practiced till his death, April 3, 1883. He was counsel in State vs. Green- wood, Worcester vs. Plymouth,, Haines vs. Insurance Company, State vs. Knapp, and many other leading cases at the Grafton county bar. Originally he was a Whig, but for the last twenty-five years an ardent Democrat. He was sent to the legislature five times from Plymouth, and as a delegate to the ‘constitutional convention of 1876. He was twice elected as state councilor from the fifth district. For several years prior to his death he was a trustee of the New Hampshire asylum for the insane, and a member of the New Hampshire Historical society. In 1874 he received the honorary degree of A. M., from Dartmouth college. Mr. Burrows was a man of strong feelings and positive convictions, of warm friendship and intense dislikes. He was faithful to his clients, careful in the preparation of cases, and efficient in trials ; a good judge of law, a safe counselor, endowed with common-sense and prac- tical judgment. He was a successful member of the legal profession, and ‘died esteemed and regretted by those who knew him best. Joseph M. Burrows was born in Holderness, N. H. He was the eldest son of Joseph Burrows, Esq., late of Plymouth. He studied law with his father in Plymouth until his admission to the bar in 1864, when he began practice and entered into partnership with him. Not long after he removed to the city of Chicago, where he has since been in the practice of his profes- ‘sion. He inherited from the elder Burrows that independence of character and plainness of speech, the positive likes and dislikes for men and measures, which distinguished the latter in so marked a degree. Jonathan C. Everett practiced law in Plymouth only two years, beginning with 1827 and closing with 1829. James McQuesten, for many years a successful practitioner here, was largely consulted, especially in matters of Probate. For a fuller account of this ex- cellent man, see page 587. William Leverett, like many other successful attorneys of the New Hamp- shire bar, was a son of the Green Mountain State. He was born at Wind- sor, July 8, 1813, graduated from Yale college in 1831, and was elected to 12” | GRAFTON COUNTY. deliver the class oration on Presentation Day. He studied law in New York city, and at Utica in 1839, and was admitted to the bar at the latter place. In 1839 he began practice at Plymouth, where he continued his professional work until his death, September 18, 1874. He was a member of the Congre- gational church of Plymouth for several years prior to his death. October 6, 1851, he married Catharine R. Spaulding, of Rumney, and after that his home was the Mecca of his affections. With singular directness of purpose he devoted his whole energies to the legal profession. He was a man of scholarly attainments, well versed in the law, of good judgment, and gener- ally successful at the bar. A gentleman of unblemished character, his death was a loss to the profession and to the general public. Ralph Metcalf was reared upon a farm in Sullivan county. He was born in Charlestown, N. H., November 21, 1798. He prepared for college under private instruction and entered Dartmouth in 181g. In 1821 he left college and became professor in Norwich university. Returning to the same college, he graduated in the class of 1823. His legal studies were pursued with Gov- ernor Hubbard, of Charlestown, Richard Bartlett, of Concord, and George B. Upham, of Claremont, until September, 1826, when he was admitted to the bar. He began the practice of law at Newport, N. H., and there remained until 1828, when he moved to Binghamton, N. Y., and there resided until June, 1831, when he moved to Claremont, N. H. In June, 1831, he was elected secretary of the state and held that office till 1838, living in Concord in the meantime. From 1838 to 1840 he held a clerkship in the United States Treasury department. Returning to New Hampshire he practiced - law in Plymouth during a part of 1841-42, and then removed to Newport. In October, 1845, he was appointed judge of Probate for Sullivan county: He was elected representative to the New Hampshire legislature for 1852-53. He was elected governor of the state in 1885-86, and during the former year was one of the trustees of the New Hampshire asylum for the insane. Until 1855 he was a Democrat, but thereafter a Know-Nothing and a Republican. : He died at Claremont, N. H., August 26, 1858. 4 Napoleon B. Bryant, born in Andover, N. H., February 25, 1825, comple- ted his education at Waterville college and graduated at Harvard law school in 1848. At the adjourned term of court in Plymouth, January, 1849, he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law. Soon after this he served as chairman of the county commissioners for two years. In 1853 he was ap- pointed county solicitor, and held the office for one year. He moved from ' Plymouth to Concord in 1855, and there practiced his profession until 1860, : when he removed to Boston, and kas since been a prominent member of the Suffolk county bar. While in Concord he was elected to the popular branch of the state legislature in 1857-58-59, and during the last two sessions was speaker of that body. Since his removal to Boston he has had an extensive practice, not only in the state of Massachusetts but in the Federal Courts and those of other states. He was called from Boston to act as leading counseb Home ber Pah Nile ONY. BENCH AND BAR. tr2'* in the important cases, State vs. Greenwood and Wooster vs. Plymouth. Mr. Bryant is a gentleman of fine presence. He possesses unusual tact in the examination of witnesses, and has a good command of choice and forcible language. Asa jury advocate his success has been remarkable. Few if any practitioners at the Grafton county bar have been able to equal his forensic’ "efforts. Ellery A. Hibbard was born at St. Johnsbury, Vt., July 31, 1826. He was. nine years of age when compelled by the death of his father to rely mainly upon his own resources in the matter of support and education. He attended the district schools and finished his education at the Derby (Vt.) academy. He studied law with N. B. Felton and Charles R. Morrison, of Haverhill, N- H., and Hon. Henry F. French, of Exeter, N. H., and was admitted to the bar of Grafton county at Plymouth in July, 1849. He began practice at that town and there remained until July, 1853, when he removed to Meredith Bridge, now Laconia, N. H., where he has ever since resided. He has al- ways been a Democrat. I.aconia elected him moderator each year from 1862 till 1873. He was assistant clerk of the New Hampshire House of Represent- atives in 1852, clerk in 1853-54, and member from Laconia in 1865-66. During the latter year he was a conspicuous member of the committee on Na- tional affairs and a prominent member of the House. He was elected and served as a member of the House in the 42d Congress, and was placed on the committee on patents. March 17, 1873, he was commissioned associate justice of the Circuit Court of New Hampshire, and served on the bench till the re-organization of the judiciary in August, 1874, since which time he has. been one of the leading attorneys of the Belknap county bar, and has acted as counsel in many leading cases in the state. He has been a trustee for the New Hampshire asylum for the insane since 1871. Mr. Hibbard is an indus-. trious, faithful and learned counselor, of modest, quiet deportment, thought- ful and reflective mind, and thoroughly conscientious in the discharge of alk duties, political, professional and judicial; of few words and to the point, aiming at the merits of men and things, honest with the court and his clients,. he has gained a deserved and enviable reputation both as a citizen and lawyer’ of his adopted state. John A. Putney was a native of Manchester, N. H. He studied law with C. J. F. Stone, of Plymouth, and was admitted to the bar at the May term of the Supreme Court, 1855, and practiced law in Plymouth from 1858 till 1859, when he returned to Manchester. Joseph Clark was born at Campton, N. H. Hg graduated at Dartmouth college and practiced law at Plymouth from 1857 to 1868. His political attach- ments were first Republican and finally Democratic. He served for a few months as captain of company A, 6th Regt., N. H. Vols., and then resigned. He retired abruptly from the bar by the summary aid of the court, at the June: law term in 1868. Subsequently he engaged in the lumber business at Plym- outh until fre and creditors brought this enterprise to a close. He then. 112" GRAFTON COUNTY. emigrated to the Pacific coast and was admitted to the bar of San Francisco» from which he withdrew a fewyears since by the active assistance of the court. He is now engaged in mining operations. It is perhaps too early to decide whether or not he has gravitated to a business congenial to his taste and ‘suited to his varied attainments. C. J. F. Stone was born in Andover, N. H. After his admission to the bar he moved to Plymouth and practiced his profession from 1857 till 1860, when he suddenly died in the prime of life. In politics he was a Democrat. Henry W. Blair is of Scotch-Irish descent in the line of his paternal ances- try. He was born in Campton, December 6,'1834. On account of the ac- -cidental death of his father and destitute condition of the family his lot was cast among strangers at the early age of eight years. His minority was ‘passed on the farm, and his only educational advantages were the district schools in the winter season and two fall terms in 1851 and 1852 at the Holmes academy in Plymouth. He taught school and studied alternately until he entered the law office of William Leverett, Esq., of Plymouth. In 1859 he was admitted to the bar, and the next year was appointed solicitor of ‘Grafton county. While occupying this office he engaged in some of the most noted criminal cases that have been tried in the county, among which amay be mentioned, State vs. Knapp, State vs. Williams, and State vs. Green- wood, In 1862 he volunteered as a private in Co. B, 15th Regt., N. H. Vols., was elected captain of the company, and subsequently appointed lieutenant-. -colonel of the regiment. He was twice wounded in the assaults on Port Hudson, and led the charging column on that fortification June 14, 1863. He was representative to the legislature from Plymouth in 1866. In 1867 and 1868 he was elected to the state Senate. He was elected representative to the National House inthe Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. In 1879 he was elected to the United States Senate and was re-elected in 1885. Dur- ing his first term in the House he introduced a resolution to amend the con- stitution of the United States, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of dis- tilled spirits in the United States, after 1900, and supported it in a speech of remarkable power and statistical data. He is an earnest advocate of tem- perance, free schools, free and well paid labor, and woman suffrage. He be- dieves in a protective tariff and a sound currency. Science, literature and the arts have found him a warm friend and patron. Mr. Blair has been a man -of extraordinary industry and application. He is a constant student, an earnest speaker, a forcible and voluminous writer. Some of his best Congressional ‘speeches and written efforts have been on education and labor, free schools, a sound currency, foreign markets and commerce, the Pacific railroad subsi- dies, election frauds in the South, the exodus of colored peuple, the tariff bill, the public land bill, administration of the pension laws, public aid for common schools, and eulogies upon Henry Wilson, Zachariah Chandler and Evarts W. Farr. He is the author of the Blair educational bill, which has twice passed the Senate of the United States and has given him a national BENCH AND BAR. 1zr2?° reputation. His time is almost entirely devoted to public business. He is rarely absent from his seat in the Senate, and always votes when present. He has held the chairmanship of important Congressional committees, and is an earnest, efficient worker in the discharge of official duty. His rapid and con- tinuous advancement in public life has been remarkable, and fairly indicates the high esteem in which he is held by, the people at large. * John W. Ela was born in Meredith, N. H., September 26, 1837. He was educated at the New Hampton and Northfield academies, and the Dover high school. He studied law with Judge S. W. Rollins, of Meredith village, was admitted to the bar of Belknap county, in 1859, and practiced there until 1860, when he removed to Plymouth, and there followed his profession till 1862. He then enlisted in Co. B, 15th N. H. Vols., and was socn after com- missioned captain of the company. For a time he was provost marshall of the military district of Carrollton, La. Returning to Plymouth in 1863, he resumed practice, and lived there till 1864, when he moved to Chicago, IIl., and has since continued his legal pursuits in that city, and in Washington, before the city, state and federal courts. His practice has been remunerative and extensive, and his legal ability, good judgment and learned counsel have been much sought after in cases of great magnitude, Mr. ‘Ela is well informed in the advanced fields of liberal thought, and is an advocate of broad and progressive views respecting the leading problems of modern civilization. He is a good writer and forcible advocate, not only in his professional work, but in all fields of intellectual effort to which his attention has been directed. Benjamin Clark was born in Campton, N. H., and reared upon his father’s farm. After his admission to the bar, he practiced law in Plymouth from 1861 till 1863, when he removed to the state of Minnesota, and engaged for several years in the grain and flour business. He is now occupied in profes- sional work. . Alvin Burleigh.*—The war of the Rebellion did not call many members of the Grafton county bar into the service. Henry W. Blair, of Plymouth, became a lieutenant-colonel of one of the regiments. General Marston, of Exeter, a native of Orford; Colonel Bedel, of Bath; and Colonel Whipple, of Laconia, who had been former Grafton county practitioners, were among the most distinguished soldiers of the state. Several young men abandoned their law studies for the army. Major A. B. Thompson and Captain George Farr were of the number. Mr. Arthur E. Hutchins, of Bath, was one of the most promising of these, and he gave his life to the cause. Others returned from the war to the law in this county. Among these there were Major E. Ww. Farr, and Lieutenant John A, Winslow (son of Admiral Winslow, of Kear- sarge fame,) and Alvin Burleigh, who served in Co. B, rsth N. H. Vol. In- fantry, and John W. Ela, who went out in the same company and regiment. Colonel Blair became United States senator; Major Farr, congressman, and Winslow is a prominent politician at Binghamton, N. Y. Undoubtedly the *By A. S. Batchellor. 112° GRAFTON COUNTY. southern lawyers were more generally found in the army than were those of the north. It is in accordance with the principle developed in his lectures on Reconstruction, by Judge Joel Parker, that the military men should come to the front in political matters. It is illustrated by the careers of the gentlemen named. Mr. Burleigh has not come fairly before the people as a candidate for purely political office. His possibilities are held in reserve. % He was born at.Plymouth, December 19, 1842, and was descended from Revolutionary stock. Three of his brothers, like himself. were in the Union army. At the age of fourteen he was thrown upon his own resources: He learned the tanner’s trade, and by devoting himself to his occupation and teaching at intervals, he paid his own way through Kimball Union academy and Dartmouth college, graduating in 1871. The following year he taught the Woodstock (Vt.) high school. He read law with H. W. Blair and be- came his partner upon coming to the bar in 1874. Subsequently Mr. Blair retired from practice and Mr. George H. Adams became a member of the firm of Burleigh & Adams. Mr. Burleigh is a Free-Mason, member of the G, A. R., and an attendent at the Methodist church. His first vote was cast for Lincoln, and he has always been a staunch Republican. He is a positive and practical temperance man of the total abstinence division. He is a sound lawyer, and usually has one side of the contested cases in the eastern district of the county, as well asa large docket as referee in other parts of the state. He married Miss Elvira Page, of Haverhill, January 6, 1873, and they have twosons. Mr. Burleigh is a man of genial manners and social instincts, and is interested in all matters that concern the public welfare. Charles Adams Jewell was born in Campton, N. H., November 10, 1844, graduated at Kimball Union academy in 1868 and from Dartmonth college 3 in the class of 1872. He was principal of Franklin high school in 1874, stud- : ied law with Pike & Blodgett, of Franklin, and Joseph Burrows, of Plymouth, and was admitted to the Grafton county bar in 1875. He has practiced law at Plymouth ever since, first in company with Joseph Burrows, and since the death of his partner in his own name. In politics a Democrat, he was elected to the New Hampshire legislature from Plymouth in 1875 and ’76, was assist- ant clerk of the New Hampshire Senate in 1874, solicitor of Grafton county in 1883-84, and has been a trustee of the State Normal school since 1876, and for the last four years has acted as secretary and treasurer of the board of trustees. He is also president of the board of education in the town of Plymouth, and has a good practice in his profession. Joseph C*Story was born in Sutton, N. H., August 30, 1856. He attended Phillips academy, at Exeter, and graduated at Kimball Union;academy in 1875. For two years he was principal of Canaan Union academy. He studied law with Pike & Barnard and E. B. S. Sanborn, of Franklin, and George W- Murray, of Canaan, and completed his legal education at the Boston law school. In 1880 he was admitted to the New Hampshire bar, and directly after began practice at Wentworth, where he remained till September, 1883,. BENCH AND BAR. 112)? when he removed to Plymouth, and has continued his professional work in the latter place to the present time. In politics he is a Republican. Though not a member of any church his denominational preference is toward Uni- tarianism. George H. Adams was born in Campton, N. H., May 18,1851. His father, Isaac L. Adams, isa thrifty farmer, and has held some prominent offi- cial positions in that town. His mother, Louisa C. Adams, is a daughter of the late Walter Blair, who was state senator for 1835-36, and subsequently judge of probate for Grafton county. He completed his preparatory studies at Kimball Union academy, and graduated at Dartmouth college in the class of 1873. In politics he has always been a stalwart Republican, in 1876 he represented the town of Campton in the state constitutional convention, and was elected a’ member of the legislature of 1883 from the town of Piymouth. He served as chairman of the committee on insurance during that session. He studied law with Blair & Burleigh, of Plymouth, and was admitted to the Grafton county bar at the September term of the Supreme court in 1876, and has since practiced his profession in Plymouth. Since 1879 he has been a member of the firm of Burleigh & Adams. Rumney.—Hon. Josiah Quincy* was a native of Lenox, Mass., and his birth occurred March 7, 1793. His father, Samuel Quincy, was a lawyer in Roxbury, Mass., and died many years ago. The son fitted for the sopho- more year of college at the Lenox academy, but concluded to forego a col- legiate course, and at once entered upon the study of law with Samuel Jones, of Stockbridge, Mass. After his admission to the bar he practiced his profession a few months at Stockbridge, and removed from there to Shef- field, Mass., where he remained a short time, and then came to Rumney, which place was ever afterward his home. The young lawyer, by indus- try and perseverance, soon gained a high rank in his profession, and his prac- tice extended many miles from Rumney in all directions. Not many years elapsed before he was known as one of the most eminent lawyers of the state, and when he retired from active practice in 1864, his professional business was said to have been as large as that of any legal gentleman in New Hamp- shire. He was an able and successful criminal lawyer, being retained for the defence in more criminal cases for many years than any other lawyer in the - state. He was also for many years engaged as a partner in the mercantile business, but that never took his attention from his chosen profession, the law. Mr. Quincy was aprominent Democrat, and filled many public offices. He was several years a member of the House of Representatives, and was twice elected to the State Senate, both years being president of that body. He was also a member of the first board of trustees of the state asylum for the insane. In financial matters he was favorably known, and for many years he was an officer of the Pemigewasset bank at Plymouth. He was one of *From Hon, J..E. Sargent, in Granite Monthly, November, 1885, and from Boston Journal. Tr2?° _ GRAFTON COUNTY. ' the most active of that persevering band of men who originated and carried forward the building of the Boston, Concord & Montreal railroad, and was fourteen years the president of its board of directors. He was very active in educational and religious matters, and had been president of the New Hamp- ton academy, and a trustee of the Newton (Mass.) Theological seminary. The deceased had many law-students, and among them was Mr. Clifford, now the distinguished judge of the United States Court. Mr. Quincy was many years president of the Grafton county bar. He was an eminent lawyer, a faithful public officer, an upright business man, and a generous and valuable citizen. In private life he was a most courteous gentleman and made friends in whatever circlehe moved. In business affairs he was highly prospered and gained a large property. He married, first, Mary Grace Weld, daughter of Jabez H. Weld, of Plymouth, in 1819. For his second wife he married Miss Harriet Tufts, of Rumney, October 20, 1845, and for his third wife, Mrs. Mary H. Dix, a native of Boston, but then of Woburn, Mass., June, 1868. After he was first married he built and occupied the office near the house where he lived ever after. His widow and five children survive him,—four by his first wife, and the fifth by his second wife, two sons and three daughters, as follows: Mrs. Martha Grace Sleeper, Samuel Hatch Quincy, Mrs. Elizabeth Frances Dix, Josiah Quincy, and Mrs. Mary Ann Kinsman. At the time of Mr. Quincy’s death, his two sons re- sided at Rumney, but have since removed to Lancaster, Mass., where they now reside ; and their sisters all reside in that vicinity. Mrs. Quincy with, her daughter, Miss Mary H. Dix, occupies the old homestead at Rumney. The death of Mr. Quincy, January 19, 1875, removed one of the most eminent, best known and most highly esteemed of the public men of New Hampshire. Hon. Nathan Clifford, was born in Rumney N. H., August 18, 1803. Born to honorable poverty he succeeded in securing an education mainly by his own efforts, teaching school when he was not a pupil. Then came the hard, dry study of the law, which he read with Hon. Josiah Quincy, of his native town, being obliged to teach school winters while studying his profession, until at last he stands upon the threshold of a new life, well qualified for its stuggles and resolute to win its prizes. In May, 1827, he was admitted to practice law, by the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and the same year he removed to Maine which was ever after his home. Here for more than thirty years his life was filled up with as_ varied, as useful, and as honorable experiences as heart could desire. He was for several years a member, and twice speaker of the House of Representatives of his adopted state, then he was a member of Congress for four years, then he was attorney-general for Maine, and afterwards attorney-general of the United States. He was commissioned to negotiate a treaty of peace with Mexico, and was afterwards sent as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to that country. He hadsubseqently been engaged for several years in the active practice of his profession. When he was called in the year 1858 to a BENCH AND BAR. eae place on the Bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, which he adorned with his industry, his learning and his integrity for more then twenty ° “years. His opinions are to be found in forty-two volumes of the reports of United States Supreme Court, He was an upright, a painstaking, and an im- partial judge, no labor was too great for him if his duty required it, and it was. his delight to search diligently for the right, and when found to declare it. In 1877 he, as senior justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, presided over the commission which assigned to Mr. Hayes the disputed election to: the Presidential chair, Mr. Clifford having uniformly voted for Mr. Tilden. He died at Portland Maine, July 25, 188r. Samuel Herbert* was admitted to the bar and located as an attorney at Rumney in 1846—thére he was born, December 17, 1813. there he was edu- cated, and there studied law with Josiah Quincy. In 1847 he moved to. Wentworth, having bought out Col. Whipple, and practiced law there five years, when he returned to Rumney. He has been successful in business,,. has a family of children well established in life,and abundant leisure with which to enjoy his tastes and inclinations. He has performed a large amount. of literary work, lecturing and writing on education, theology, agriculture, politics and government. His townsmen honored him with many of the civil and military offices in their gift. Several times he was representative in the legislature, and twice was Democratic candidate for speaker. Form- erly he was a Calvinist Baptist, but he has now abandoned that faith, “which,” he says, ‘I once believed with all sincerity, but now disbelieve with the same sincerity and far more knowledge.” His wife’s maiden name was. Maria Darling. WarreN.{—Benjamin F. Weeks is reported as an attorney of Warren previous to 1831. It is said that he went west about 1832 or ’33. Joseph B. Hill is named as a practitioner here from 1855 to’s57. No fur- ther report of him has come to hand. Joseph W. Armington, 1861-62, is now understood to be engaged in teach- ing and literary pursuits. / Samuel B. Page was at Warren from 1861 to 1869. (See Haverhill.) George F. Putnam followed Mr. Page in practice at Warren from 1869 to 1876. (See Haverhill.) ‘Peter Chandler, 1878-79, was also engaged in the business of teaching, and has died since his residence at Warren. Wentwortu.{—Loammi Davidson, Esq., was the first lawyer that resided in Wentworth, so far as we can learn. He came here about 1813, and was admitted to the bar in Grafton county, at the court of Common Pleas, Feb- ruary term, 1817, though the New Hampshire Register has his name as an * By A. S. Batchellor. + By Samuel B. Page, Esq. $By Hon J. E. Sargent, LL. D. 11279 GRAFTON COUNTY. attorney of that court, in 1814. He never did much at law, but was more of “a man of business. He was about five feet, ten inches in height, with side whiskers ; of a sprightly and animated appearance. The New Hampshire Reg- ister has his name as a lawyer in Wentworth for the last time in 1819, and he ‘probably left town about that time, and it is said, went to New York state, ‘somewhere in the vicinity of Rochester, and died there soon after. We have ‘been unable to ascertain from whence he came to Wentworth, but his wife was a daughter of Colonel Amos Tarleton, of Piermont, N. H. Hon, Warren Lovell was born in Rockingham, Vt., December 3, 1802. He was educated in the common school, and at the academy at Chester, Vt., where he continued three years. He read law with Judge Daniel Kellogg, of Brattleboro, Vt. He was admitted to the bar in Windham county, Vt., ‘in 1825, and in the same year was admitted to the bar in this county, and remained in Wentworth, where he opened an office, till 1826, when he re- moved to. Meredith Village, where he did an extensive law business. and was -elected tothe New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1828~ 29-30-37 ~'38 and ’39, and to the state Senate in 1833 and 1834. He was appointed. -aide-de-camp by Governor Matthew Harvey, in 1830, with the title of colonel, and juage advocate of the second brigade, New Hampshire militia, by Gov- -ernor Dinsmore, Sr., in 1832. In 7835 he was solicitor of Strafford ‘county, and judge of probate for the same county in 1839, and when, in 1841, Bel- knap and Carroll were set off from Strafford, he was made judge of probate for the new county of Belknap, which place he held till December 2, 1872. He was a very popular judge of probate, always ready and willing to give the widow and the fatherless counsel and advice that it was aiways safe to fol- low. He was one of the trustees of the New Hampshire asylum for the insane, in 1847, in 1851, and in 1855. He was a commissioner of the United States Circuit Court. for the District of New Hampshire, from 1842. He was .a director and president of the Belknap County bank, at Laconia, for twenty years, from 1846. He was also a trustee of the Belknap Savings bank from its organization, and for a time its president. Judge Lovell married, in 1831, Miss Susan Badger, of Meredith, who, with two daughters, survives him. He -died at Gilford, August 18,1875, leaving a large estate. Hon. Josiah Quincy, of Rumney, soon after 1825, began to visit Went- worth regularly on certain days, for the purpose of attending to such law busi- ness as came in his way, and he soon settled down into the habit of going there every Saturday, riding up in the morning and returning at night, and attending Justice Courts, collecting forthe merchants, and other law business. ‘This was his constant practice up to 1840, and though he never lived in Went- worth, yet for more than ten years'in that way, he did all the law business of that town. as much as though he had been aresident there. (See Rumney.) Col. Thomas J. Whipple was a native of Wentworth, ason of Dr. Thomas Whipple, a very successful and distinguished medical practitioner there. He had also distinguished himself in the legislature as this state, particularly in BENCH AND BAR, cr22t 1819 by introducing the bill long known as the “toleration act,” and advo- cating its passage in an able and eloquent speech, and finally carrying his measure so that it became a law. Afterwards he represented his district for eight years in the United States House of Representatives. Col. Whipple was born January 30, 1816, educated at New Hampton, Bradford, Vt., and at Nor- wich university, read law with Josiah Quincy, of Rumney, and Salmon Wires, _of Johnson, Vt., and was admitted to the bar in 1840, and settled at once in Wentworth, and soon had a very extensive law business. He was aid-de camp of Gen. Cook when only seventeen years old, and raised an independ- ent company, the Wentworth Phalanx, before 1840. He volunteered in the Mexican war, was commissioned first lieutenant in the Ninth U. 8. Infantry, April 9, 1847, was adjutant of Col. Pierce’s (afterwards Col. Ranson’s) regi- ment in May following, went to Vera Cruz, was there taken prisoner, and was exchanged at Jalapa, and was on Adjutant-General Lewis’s staff. He returned when the war was over, resigning February 23, 1848, and the people of Wen- worth had a public reception in his honor on his return. Soon after he set- tled in Laconia. In the war of the Rebellion he was lieutenant-colonel in the First New Hampshire regiment, colonel of the Fourth, and was chosen colonel of the Twelfth regiment. He has been assistant clerk and clerk of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, solicitor of Belknap county, secretary of the constitutional convention of 1850, was a member of the con- stitutional convention of 1876, and has been attorney for the Boston, Con- cord & Montreal railroad since 1870, and also for the Lake company since the death of Senator James Bell. Colonel Whipple is an able though eccentric lawyer, an advocate of great power, with original thoughts and the power of forcible expression. He is one of the best of story tellers, and a most genial friend and companion. In 1842 he married Miss Belinda Hadley, of Rum- ney, who died many years ago, leaving one daughter, who still survives. Benjamin Poole, Esq.—In 1844 Col. Whipple sold out his place and office and business to Mr. Poole, who remained only about a year and a half, his wife was so discontented that they finally gave up the idea of remaining, and Col. Whipple took back all the property he had sold to Poole, with business, etc.,in August, 1845, and Mr. Poole left town about April, 1846, and met with very successful business in Boston soon after, though not in the legal profession. Samuel Herbert, Esq. (See Rumney.) Hon. J. Everett Sargent, LL. D.,* was born in New London, N. H., Oc- tober 23, 1816, the son of Ebenezer and Prudence (Chase) Sargent, the eighth in the order of descent from one Richard Sargent, of England, who was a. member of the royal navy, as follows :— 1. Richard Sargent, of England. 2. William, son of Richard, born in England in 1602. *By John N. McClintock, A. M. ve * I127 GRAFTON COUNTY. Thomas, son of William, born in Amesbury, Mass., April, 1643. Thomas, Jr., son of Thomas, born in Amesbury, November, 1676. . Stephen, son of Thomas, Jr., born in Amesbury, September, 1710. Peter, son of Stephen, born in Amesbury, November 2, 1736. Ebenezer, son of Peter, born at Hopkinton, N. H., April 3, 1768. 8. Jonathan Everett Sargent, born at New London, N. H., October 23,. 1816. Judge Sargent has been in every sense of the word the architect of his own: fortune. He started at seventeen years of age for himself, under an agree-- ment with his father that he should have the rest of his time to twenty-one, and was to call on his father for nothing more. He was to clothe himself and pay his own bills. By teaching school every winter, after he was sixteen, and’ laboring in vacation, he fitted himself for college at Hopkinton and Kimbalk Union academies and entered Dartmouth college in 1836. He graduated in 1840 among the first in the class, though having been out of college three terms besides winters, one term caused by sickness, and two terms he taught the academy in Canaan. He was selected from his class as a member of the: Phi Beta Kappa society. After graduating he studied law with Hon. William P, Weeks, of Canaan. But in February, 1841, by the advice of his physician, he went south, stop-. ping in Washington city awhile, then teaching a high school in Alexandria some six months and a family school in Maryland for a year, and in the meantime studying law under the direction of Hon. David A. Hall, of Wash- ington, so that he was admitted to the bar in that city in April, 1842. Re- turning to New Hampshire in the fall of that year he entered the office of Mr. Weeks, at Canaan. In 1843 he was admitted to the bar in the Supe-- rior Court of New Hampshire, and entered into partnership with Mr.; Weeks, where he remained until the summer of 1847. He did quite an extensive business at Canaan. He was aid-de-camp to Governor Steele, with the title of colonel ; he also raised an independent company in Canaan known as the- “Union Phalanx,” of which he was commissioned as captain. After com- manding this company two years he ranked up and was commissioned first as major and then as lieutenant-colonel of that regiment, which place he re-- signed when he moved from town. He built him a set of new buildings in 1843, and that fall was married to Miss Maria C. Jones, of Enfield ; was also- chairman of the building committee that built the new meeting-house on Ca- naan Street that year. He was appointed solicitor of Grafton county in the fall.of 1844. In June, 1847, he removed to Wentworth, where he soon se- cured an extensive and lucrative law practice, was an able advocate and tried and argued all the state’s cases and ajl his own suits; was re-appointed so-- licitor in 1849, which place he held until 1854, was elected a member of the legislature in 1851, 1852 and 1853, the first year being chairman of the com-- mittee on incorporations, the second year chairman of the judiciary commit-- tee, and the third year he was elected. speaker of the House of Representa-- 3 Oot oh S&S ee . * i BENCH AND BAR. 112" tives. While a member of the House he was appointed chairman of a com- mission to investigate the affairs of the New Hampshire Central railroad, and a member of a commission to erect a monument to the memory of President Mesheck Ware, which was done. In 1844 Mr. Sargent was elected a sena- tor from district No. 13, and on the meeting of, the legislature he was chosen president of the Senate. In April, 1855, he was appointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and in June of the same year, when the courts were remodeled, he was selected as the judge of the new Court of Common Pleas, which place he held till 1859, when that court was abolished and he was immediately appointed to a seat on the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court, which place he held fifteen years. While at Wentworth, in 1853, September 5, he married for his second wife Miss Louisa Jennie Page, daughter of deacon James K. Page, of Went- worth. He built several houses in Wentworth and had a large farm there. In 1864 and 1865 he was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in New Hampshire, and moved to Concord in 1869, having been at Wentworth twenty-two years. From Dartmouth college he received the degree of A. M. in 1843, and in 1869 her highest honors, the degree of LL. D. On coming to Concord he was soon chosen a director of the National State Capital bank there, which place he still holds. In 1872 the Loan and Trust Savings bank was chartered at Concord, and Judge Sargent was chosen as its president, which place he still holds. He has long been a member of the New Hampshire Historical society, and for the last ten years or more has been one of its vice-presidents. In 1873, on the death of Chief Justice Bel- lows, Judge Sargent was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of New Hampshire, the highest and most honorable legal and judicial position in the state. In 1874 the court was abolished to make room for the friends of the Democratic party, which then became dominant in the state, and after this Judge Sargent again resumed the practice of the law with Will- iam M. Chase, Esq., of Concord, where he remained five years, doing an ex- tensive business, and in 1879 he retired from law business altogether. Since 1878 he has been president of the New Hampshire Centennial Home for the Aged, at Concord ; for many years was vice-president of the New Hampshire Home Missionary society, and was a delegate to and attended the national council of Congregational churches of the United States, at St. Louis, Mo., in November, 1880, and also at the council of 1883, at Concord. In 1876 he was a member of the constitutional convention of this state, and was made chairman of the committee on the judiciary in the convention, and was also a member of the House of Representatives from ward five, in Concord in 1877 and 1878, and both years was chairman of the committee on the re- vision of statutes. A commission was appointed in 1877, of which Judge Sargent was chairman, to revise and codify the laws of the state, which work was accomplished and the laws enacted in 1878, and the new volume was printed and the laws took effect the first of January, 1879. 1124 GRAFTON COUNTY. ° In June, 1879, hie delivered the address at the centennial celebration in New London, his native town, which has been printed, and for which he has been highly complimented ; and in 1880 he delivered a eulogy upon the life of Joel Parker, LL. D., late chief justice of the state, at the commencement at Dartmouth college, at the request of the trustees of the college, which was also printed. He has also prepared and delivered many addresses before lyceums and on other public occasions, which have been favorably noticed by the press, While on the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court, Judge Sar- gent delivered some three hundred opinions, many on important questions. These opinions are found in Vols. 39 to 54, inclusive, of the New Hamp- shire reports, and exhibit great ability, learning and research. He was an earnest, eloquent and convincing speaker, and as a judge he was laborious, persevering, patient, impartial and fearless. His has been a busy life. Few men in the state have worked harder, or studied more perseveringly than he, and few men have turned their work and study to better account. While his great effort has always been to deserve success and to be worthy of distinction and honor, the public has not been slow in recognizing his claims, or in rewarding his highest ambitions; and while the highest legislative and judicial honors have been freely showered upon him, all have admitted that they were richly merited and worthily be- stowed. Judge Sargent is now a member of St. Paul’s Protestant Episcopal church of Concord. He is enjoying life with his books and his friends, a hale and genial gentleman, the most distinguished and honored among the long list of distinguished names which Wentworth has furnished to adorn the his. tory of the bar and of the jurisprudence of the state.* Hon, Lewis W. Fling. (See Bristol.) Hon. Thomas J.Smith was born in Dorchester, N. H., April 18, 1830. He was fitted for college at New Hampton academy, and graduated from Dart- mouth in 1848. He entered the office of Judge J. E. Sargent, at Wentworth, in 1852, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1855. After admission he was partner with Mr. Sargent, remaining until the latter’s appointment to the bench, and afterwards practiced alone. Probably no man in the state has taken a deeper interest in politics than Mr. Smith. A Democrat of the “straightest sect,” he has never deviated a hair from the support of the Demo. cratic party. He represented Wentworth in the legislature from 1861 to 1865, inclusive, In 1866 he was elected to the Senate from district No. 12, and was re-elected in 1867. He was quite distinguished as a political speaker, both in the legislature and out of it, for many years. In 1868 he moved to Dover, desiring a more extensive field for legal prac- tice. The same year the paper known as the People was established at Con- cord, and Mr. Smith was applied to, to take charge of the political department of this paper, and he did devote a portion of hi§ time and efforts to the edi- * See sketch of Judge Sargent’s life in ‘ Successful New Hampshire Men,” also in the history of the ‘‘Bench and Bar of Merrimac County.” BENCH AND BAR, 11225 torial charge of that paper, without giving up his practice at Dover. Mr, Smith served several years on the superintending school committee at Went- worth, and has been a member of the board of education several years at Dover, where, since the fall of 1869, he has devoted himself entirely to his profession. He was clerk of the constitutional convention of 1876. Heisa sound lawyer, and has argued many cases with ability in the courts. In Sep- tember, 1854, he married Miss Sarah S. Kelley, of Wentworth, by whom he has three children, two daughters and one son. Charles Augustus Dole* was born at Lunenburg, Mass., June 20, 1834, the only son of Stephen and Martha Dole. He attended the high school at Lawrence, Mass., while they resided in that state, but after they removed to Wentworth he attended Orford academy. He studied law with Hon. J. Ev- erett Sargent, and was admitted to the bar at Newport, in 1857. He opened an office at Wentworth and practiced there until July, 1858, when he was appointed clerk of the court for Grafton county and removed to Haverhill, where he remained as clerk until August, 1874. After this he removed to Lebanon where he has been in practice ever since, and is a good lawyer. He was chairman of the board of supervisors in that town in 1879 and 1880, went as representative to the legislature from Lebanon in 1881 for two years, and was appointed on the state board of equalization in 1883, where he still remains. He married, first, Miss Caroline L. McQuesten, of Plymouth, in De- cember, 1863, and second, Miss Helen M. Stevens, of Haverhill, in January, 1866, by whom he has had two daughters. Hon. Charles Henry Bartlett was born in Sunapee, N. H., October 15, 1833. He 1s the fourth son of John and Sarah J. (Sanborn) Bartlett. He read law with Metcalf & Barton, at Newport, George & Foster, of Concord, and with Morrison & Stanley, at Manchester, from whose office he was ad- mitted to the bar in Hillsborough county in 1858. That same year he com- menced, practice at Wentworth, and soon secured a good business. After five years, he removed to Manchester where he has since resided. He was in company with Hon. James U. Parker for some two years, after which, in 1867, he was clerk of the District Court for New Hampshire district, since which time he has not actively practiced his profession, but has devoted himself to the duties of his office. He was clerk of the New Hampshire Senate from 1861 to 1865, was private secretary to Governor Smythe, in 1865 and 1866, He was elected city solicitor and served for one year but declined re-election on account of his appointment as-clerk of the District Court, He was also elected mayor of the city of Manchester, in 1873, and served for a short time, but resigned on learning that it was the policy of the general govern- ment that clerks of United States Courts should not hold state or municipal offices. He has been trustee of the Merrimack River Savings bank and the Peoples Saving bank, and also a director of the Merchants National bank, *Contributed by Hon. J. E. Sargent. 11276 GRAFTON COUNTY. all of Manchester. He has been a United States commissioner since 1872. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1876, and chairman of the commission appointed to investigate the affairs of the asylum for the insane, In 1881 he received from Dartmouth college the honorary degree of A. M. In 1882, he was elected to the New Hampshire state Senates resigning his office of clerk, and was chosen president of the Senate. He ‘is a prudent, cautious and practical man, who has succeeded well financially, and has now only to devote himself to his books and his office to become distinguished as a practitioner at the bar. He married, December 8, 1858, Miss Hannah M, Eastman, of Croydon, N. H., by whom he has had two children, one son and one daughter, the latter of whom only survives.* William A. Flanders, a son of Sylvester Flanders, was born and’ educated in Canaan, commenced the study of law in 1861 with George W. Murray, Esq., and was admitted to the bar in 1863. He commenced practice in Wentworth the same year, and has continued there ever since. He married Miss Angie L. Clark, of Canaan, by whom he has five children. Joseph Clement Story. (See Plymouth.) : COURT HOUSES. The first court-house was built about three quarters a mile north of the present hotel:at North Haverhill. 1n the detailed account of the expenses, by Asa Porter, who made out his account against “the Committee for erect- ing the Court-House and Goal in Haverhill,” the first item was charged in May, 1773, and the last in May or June,.1775. This account was not finally settled till September, 1791. The court-house and jail were all one building. Among the items charged, and allowed, were for the raising, which commenced on the roth and continued till the 30th of November, 177-, when they used about forty-five gallons of rum, at 6s. per gallon, 650 pounds of beef, bread that cost 44, 9s., one and one-half gallons of molasses, at 6s. per gallon, and twenty-five pounds of pork. This court-house and jail were used until 1793, when Charles Johnson gave an acre of land at:the “ Corner” for the jail, where it now stands, and-he and other citizens prepared a building for the use of the courts and offered it to the court, which accepted it with a vote of. thanks. *See Granite Monthly, Vol. 6, page 281. [Nore.—Many natives, early residents, or former practitioners in Grafton county, are now members of-the bar in the prominent towns in other parts of the state. At Laco- nia, are Col. D. J. Whipple and ex-Judge E. A. Hibbard ; at Franklin, Senator A. F. Pike, Hon. Daniel Barnard and Judge Isaac N. Blodgett; af Concord, Hon, J. E. Sar- gent, Hon. Lyman D. Stevens, Hon. Josiah Minot, William M. Chase, Esq., Sylvester Dana, Esq., John M. Mitchell, Esq., H. M. Cavis, Esq., George M. F. Fletcher, Esq., F. S., Streeter, Esq., A. B. Thompson, secretary of, state, and Judge A. P. Carpenter ; at Manchester, Hon. Charles R. Morrison, Hon. Joseph F. Briggs, Hon. E. M. Topliff, Hon. Charles H. Bartlett, William Little, Esq., C. A. Sulloway, Esq., and Senator H. W. Blair; at Exeter, Gen. Gilman Marston and E, G, Eastman, Esq.—Ep1Tor. ] INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 112” ‘The last record of a meeting of a court in the old court-house was Tues- alay, June 3, 1793. This new house’ was on the ground now occupied by Haverhill academy. About that time the academy was chartered and the county and academy finally owned the building in common, and it was used as a court-house until the present one of brick was built in 1843-44. The county offices were built in 1837. The first court-house erected in Plymouth, in 1774, was a one-story wooden ‘building, in size about 30x30, with a cupola. It was removed the same year ‘by David Webster, to Russell hill, directly in the rear of the present resi- dence of John M. Mudgett, corner of Russell and Pleasant streets. It was sometimes used as a school-house before it was abandoned as a court-house. An old lawyer named Smilie there taught some of the children who after- -wards became prominent men of the town. It was there that Daniel and ‘Ezekiel Webster made their early if not first professional efforts. After the building cf the present court-house, in 1823, Hiram Farnum purchased the old court-house and’ removed it to the lower end of Main street, on the east side thereof, and about three rods south of the present residence of William R. Park. It was occupied as a wheelwright shop from that time until the death of Mr. Farnum, a few years subsequent to the close of the Rebellion. Mr. Farnum used to say that Daniel Webster came into his shop one day, while on a tour to the White mountains, and with a paint brush made a mark on the spot where he stood while making his plea to the jury. While mov- ing the building the cupola had to be taken off on account of a large elm tree on Main street, and was never again placed upon the structure. After the death of Mr. Farnum the building remained unoccupied till about 1876, when to prevent its destruction and for the purpose of preserving a valuable historic relic, Hon. H. W. Blair purchased the building, procured a lease of the ground directly in the rear of the present court-house in Plymouth, moved it upon that lot and restored its exterior, so far as it could be done, to its original plan, finish and proportions. He then deeded the building in trust to the Young Ladies’ Library Association, of Plymouth, to be held and used for the purposes of a circulating library, and it has since been uséd in accord- ance with the trust created. COUNTY FARM, Grafton county farm cost, in 1868, $20,000, and is located two miles south of Woodsville, on Connecticut river, in Haverhill. The buildings, erected in 1868, cost $15,623.54 ; stock, furnishing, tools, &c., $5,461.05; total, $41,- 084.59. The buildings are of wood, commodious, pleasantly located, and neatly painted. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. From time immemorial Connecticut river was the favorite pathway of In- dian travel, and later became the great highway of the white settlers in its val- ley. But with the increase of population came the increase of commerce and travel, and it soon became apparent that some more convenient mode of 112? GRAFTON COUNTY. transportation must be devised than was afforded by the rude flat-boats of the Connecticut, or by the stage lines which traversed the several turnpike systems. Accordingly, October 29, 129, the legislatures of New Hampshire and Vermont passed an act incorporating the “ Connecticut River Steam- - boat Company,” the charter being given to “ Jonathan H. Hubbard, Freder- ick Peters, George D. Dutton, Isaac W. Hubbard, Edward R. Campbell, Albert G. Hatch, David H. Sumner, William Hall, James I. Cutler, Alexan- der Fleming and their associates.” This charter was altered, however, No- vember 5, 1830, to the ‘Connecticut River Valley Steamboat Company,” allowing the corporation to “ purchase, hold and convey real estate to the value of $20,000.00.” Canals and locks were built where rapids or falls oc- curred, so that the Connecticut navigation became very convenient from Hartford, Conn., to the “Fifteen Mile” fall at Dalton, in Coos county. One of the canals and locks was built at Bellows Falls, one at Sumner’s falls, and another at Olcott’s falls. Between these falls, except between Sumner’s and Olcott’s, were located steamers, which were plied until the canal was reached, when the passengers and freight had to be transferred to the steamer waiting at the other end of the canal, though the flat-boats, rafts, etc., made through » trips, using the locks. Although steam navigation on the Connecticut was never brought to a point of practical utility, its history begins with the history of the steamboat. itself, briefly as follows: About the beginning of the century there lived two: brothers Morey, Samuel and Ithamar, the former at Orford and the latter at Fairlee, Vt.,—Samuel, with a remarkable genius for invention, and Ithamar, a skillful mechanic. The universal applicability of steam had already been demonstrated, and among those who undertook its application to navigation ~ was Samuel Morey, Under his direction Ithamar built a steamboat, which actually navigated the waters of the Connecticut between Orford and Fairlee. Of this steamboat, which had its machinery in its bow, Samuel took a model to New York and showed it to Fulton, who was experimenting to the same end. Fulton was pleased with the work, and suggested to Morey to change the machinery to the middle of the boat. This he returned to Fairlee to do, and then took his model again to New York, to find that Fulton had made use of his ideas and was ahead of him in getting out a patent. He returned ; home disappointed and with a sense of injury. Several years since, J. H. Simons, of Windsor, Vt., informed us that he himself has seen in Fairlee pond the remains of Morey’s boat. The first real attempt at steamboat navigation on the Connecticut, how- ever, was made in 1827, when the “Barnet,” a strong boat was built, and suc- ceeded, with some help, in ascending the river as far as Bellows Falls. This was her first and last trip, however, for she was taken back to Hartford, laid up, and finally broken to pieces. In 1829 a Mr. Blanchard built a boat called the “Blanchard,” and another eighty feet long and fourteen feet wide, “! ; 4 drawing only twelve or fifteen inches of water, called the “Vermont.” The INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 112° stroke of its piston was horizontal, and its engine of 120 horse-power. A few experimental trips were made between Bellows Falls and Barnet, but the ob- stacles were such that the undertaking was relinquished. The navigation company also built a steamer called the ‘Williams Holmes,” plying from Mon- tague to Bellows Falls, where it connected with one called the ‘“Barnet,’” while one other, the “John Ledyard,” came up as far as Wells River. Finally,. in 1832, a boat roo feet long, called the “Adam Duncan,” was built on the banks of the Connecticut just above the mouth of Wells river. Its trial trip, widely advertised, was to occur July 4th of that year, and a great crowd gath- ered.to participate in the excursion to Hanover. When about a mile north of Haverhill, however, a steam pipe was broken, and the escaping steam caused a panic, in the midst of which Dr. Joseph Dean, of Bath, stepped or fell overboard and was drowned. The excursion was terminated, and the boat, being disabled, drifted aground and soon floated down to ‘‘Bailey’s- eddy,” and sunk in deep water; -but it was afterward raised and made the trip to Hanover, though its powers were found unequal to making the return trip, and it was tied up and abandoned to its fate. The remains of its hull, up to a recent date, were visible in the river above Olcott’s falls. The captain: of the “Adam Duncan,” Horace Duncan, of Monroe, is still living. A steamer run by Captain Nutt, of White River Junction, was built in 1830, so as to be locked through the entire distance, but it did not prove a success. More than fifty years ago aged men claimed that when they were young, long before dams and locks were known here, flat-bottomed boats were used for conveying freight on the levels between the several falls of the streams. Each succession of falls necessitated the transportation of freight to other boats waiting at their foot or head, as the case might be, unti! Hartford, Conn., was reached, which was then, as now, the head of sea navigation, situated about sixty miles inland. The boats used then were small, eight tons. being considered a good load for one; but after the canals and locks were completed they were'made much larger. The farther up the river one passed, however, the smaller he would find the locks and boats, the “up country boats” being capable of carrying about twenty-five tons. The largest, and: aiso the last, boats used as far up as Hinsdale were. owned by Messrs. John B. Capron and Edward Alexander, of Winchester. They were sixty-eight. feet in length, fourteen feet beam, would carry thirty-six tons, and drew eight: inches of water, the draught being increased to three feet under load. Each: was supplied with a mast thirty-three feet in height, though a sliding top- mast of twenty additional feet was arranged to bz used at will. Their two- sails, main and top-sail, aggregated a 200 square yards surface of canvass, and though square-rigged, it is said, the unwieldy crafts were capable of sail- ing in a nearly side wind, providing it be strong and steady. Handsomely painted, cleanly kept, and supplied with a well-furnised cabin, however, these boats presented by no means a bad appearance. The advent of the railroad was heralded, however, about 1850. It called 112% GRAFTON COUNTY. the business from the river, and its flat-boats, its canals, its locks and its romance, are among the things of the past. The Boston, Concord & Montreal railroad.—The following remarks rela- tive to this railroad we quote from the manuscript ‘‘ Personal recollections,” of Dr. Phineas Spaiding, of Haverhill. +: After the railroad had been built from Boston to Concord, N. H., for some years, it was thought it would not be extended any farther into the country. The citizens of Concord were not desirous that it should be, and the Democratic party, who had control of the state, were opposed to granting any more charters. There was no move- ment made until one evening Harry Stevens, Esq., of Barnet, Vt., while’ at’ my house, suggested to me that we get up a railroad meeting at Haverhill. I drew up a call, which was signed’ by Harry Stevens, myself, and many oth- ers. The meeting was very fully attended by prominent men from Canada, Northern Vermont and Grafton county. The subject of building a railroad from Concord to Montreal was fully discussed, and a petition for a charter for a road from Concord to Wells River was drawn up. I was chosen to appoint efficient men in the towns along the proposed route to circulate the petition, and the work was most thoroughly done. The charter was granted to B.,C. & M. R. R., December 27, 1844. The corporation was immediately organ- ized, subscription papers for stock circulated, and the survey made. “The peopie of Canada and along the line of the Passumpsic united in the enterprise, giving assurance that they would continue the road from Wells": River to Montreal. About the same time another charter was granted, for a road to extend from Concord to the mouth of Whiteriver, and there connect :’ with the Vermont Central. These last two roads endeavored to defeat the building of the Boston, Concord & Montreal road by the pledge of $750,-' 000.00 to the Passumpsic to induce this corporation to'retract its promises and join with them, and together they threw every obstacle in the way of the success of the B., C. & M. enterprise. One scheme to defeat’the enterprise was a proposition to form a junction at Canaan, on the Northern, thence ex- tend a railroad through Lyme, Orford, Piermont and Haverhill, to Wells River ; and this'route was surveyed, but no further work was done.” In consequence of all this opposition, however, the building of the B., C. & M. road was retarded, it being opened to various points’ in its course as follows : to Sanbornton Bridge, now Tilton, May 22, 1848 ; to Meredith Bridge, now Laconia, August 3, 1848; to Lake Village, October 1, 1848; to Mere- © dith Village, March 19, 1849 ;'to Plymouth, January 21, 1850; to Warren, June, 1851 ; and to Wells River, May 10, 1853. The White Mountains Rail- road, an extension northward of the main line, was chartered December 24, 1848 ; opened to Littleton in August, 1853 ; to Lancaster in November, 1870; to Northumberland in August, 1872; to Fabyan’s in July, 1874; and to the base of Mt. Washington, July 6, 1876. The White Mountains road was consoli- dated with the B, C. & M. in 1873, the owners of the former receiving $300,000.00 in six per cent. consolidated bonds for their property, The cost yOOoxE * SYS oe INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 112° of -the line from Concord to Woodsville was $2,850,000.00. No dividends have been paid on the old’common stock, amounting to $459,600.00. The preferred stock, amounting to $800,000.00, has paid six per cent. dividends since 1867. The bonded indebtedness of the road, originally incurted and covering the construction of the extensions and branches, amounts to $3,069- 00.00. The whole line was leased to the Boston & Lowell road, June 1, 1884, at six per cent. on preferred stock, and five per cent. thereafter for the term of ninety-nine years. The road extends from Concord to Wells River, Vt., a distance of 93.5 miles; thence to Groveton Junction, on the Grand Trunk railroad, 51.95 miles; its branches being from Wing Road station to the base of Mt. Washington, 20.4 miles, and from Plymouth to North Woodstock, twenty-one miles. The latter, known as the Pemigewasset rail- road, was completed in 1883, at a cost of $300,000,00. The Northern Railroad, extending from Concord to White River Junction, Vt., a distance of 69.5 miles, with a branch from Franklin to Bristol, 13.41 miles, was originally chartered June 18, 1844 ; but this charter was superseded December 27, 1844, because it contained no provision totake land. The Bris- tol branch, chartered as the Franklin & Bristol railroad, July 8, 1846, was con- solidated with the Northern, January 1, 1869. The Northernroad was opened to Franklin, December 28, 1846, and was operated by the Concord railroad until the completion of the line to Grafton, on the first day of September, 1847. On the 17th of November, following, the road was opened to Labanon, and to White River Junction in June, 1848. The Bristol Branch, opened in 1848, cost $200,000.00, or $16,000.00 per mile. The Northern road cost, exclusive of Branch, $2,868,400.00. It is leased to the Boston & Lowell road for ninety-nine years, at five per cent. The Portland & Ogdensburg railroad, extending from Portland, Me., to Lunenburg, Vt., a distance of 114 miles, whence the system is extended to Swanton, on Lake Champlain, 120 miles, was chartered in New Hampshire in 1869.. Construction was begun in 1870, and the road was -opened to Fa- _byan’s August 7, 1875, a distance of ninety-one miles. From Fabyan’s to Scott’s Mills, twenty-miles, the Portland & Ogdensburg runs upon the iron of the Boston, Concord & Montreal railroad. The road and equipments cost $4,035,262.00, of which $1,052,185.00 is in stocks, $3,177,000.00 in funded indebtedness, and $175,000.00 in receivers certificates. On the first of April, . 1884, the physical and financial condition of the road rendered it advisable to place it in the hands of a receiver, which was done by decree of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, confirmed by the U.'S. Circuit Court for the district of New Hampshire. Samuel Anderson, of Portland, was appointed receiver. The Profile & Franconia Notch railroad, a narrow gage road extending from Bethlehem Station on the Boston, Concord & Montreal railroad to the Profile House, ten miles, and from the same point to Bethlehem Street, three and one half miles, a total of thirteen and one half miles, was chartered July 11, 1878, and opened July 1, 1879. The road cost $191,017.99 ; equipment, 112" _ GRAFTON COUNTY. $24,945,03 ; total $216,017.02. The capital stock is $200,000.00. Six per cent. dividends have been paid since the opening of the road, with the excep- tion of the opening year, when four per cent, was paid, and in 1882, when the dividend was seven per cent. The Bethlehem Branch, three and one half miles, was constructed in 1882. The Sawyer River railroad, built in 1877, is a branch extending from the P. & O.R. R.,, into Livermore, for lumbering purposes NEWSPAPERS. The following sketch of the newspaper enterprises that have been estab- lished in the county, we have arranged by towns, in alphabetical order, the names of live papers being printed in SMALL CAPITALS :— ASHLAND.—THE ASHLAND ADVANCE, published by W. A. Roberts, was. established by C. H. Kimball, May 19, 1881. Tue ASHLAND ITEM, published by R. R. D. Dearborn, was established at about the same time as the ADVANCE. BETHLEHEM.—THE WHITE MovunTaAIN ECHO was the first paper of its kind published in the United States giving summer resort information, with a weekly directory of visitors in the district in which it is published. The idea was taken from European papers, where many of like character have been published, while the style and form was copied from the illustrated weeklies. The Ecuo was first published in Bethlehem, in 1878, by Markinfield Ad- dey, who continues to be its editor and proprietor. It is an illustrated weekly of from sixteen to twenty-four pages, published every Friday morning for twelve weeks during the tourist season, its principal features being in- formation relative to the White Mountains, social gossip, and directory of guests stopping at hotels and boarding-houses in the region. BristoL.—The Bristol Weekly News, a twenty-four column newspaper, was established here May 22, 1869, by Isaac B. Gordon. It was published just one year, and then discontinued. A few months previous to its suspension, the office of publication was in the old “South Alexandria meeting-house,” two miles from Bristol village. This was destroyed by fire, the week the paper was discontinued. The Weekly Enterprise was established in Bristol, June 22, 1878, by Rich- ard W. Musgrove. This was a sixteen column folio. Four weeks later it was: enlarged to a twenty column. January 1, 1879, it was enlarged to a twenty- four column, and its name changed to the “BRrisroL WEEKLY ENTERPRISE.” At the commencement of its fourth volume, in June, 1882, it appeared as 4 twenty-eight column folio, and in June, 1884, commenced its sixth volume as a thirty-two column folio. It now has a circulation of 1,600, and is one of the best papers in the county. Canaan.—About twenty-five years ago, G. F, Kimball and James Barnard bought a press and started a paper here, calling it Zhe United States Ga- zette. It was devoted chiefly to personalities, lottery and gift enterprises. It NEWSPAPERS. aot had a lingering existence from the start, and when it ceased to exist, its loss was scarcely missed, even by those who had paid their subscription in advance. THE Canaan REPORTER appeared in 1867, in two small pages, published by C. O. Barney, a young man who had just finished his school education. The paper has been enlarged from time to time, and has grown to be an in- stitution of influence. The office is well appointed, and its work is done with tasts and neatness. The proprietor now sends forth from his office, the Ca- NAAN REPORTER, the MascoMa REGISTER, the CoNcoRD TRIBIUNE, and the KEARSARGE SENTINEL, giving a circulation of about 6,000 copies, 1,500 of which are in the town of Canaan. ENFIELD.—Rev. Ebenezer Chase at one time edited a periodical. devoted to the interests of Freemasonry. He was one of the charter member of Social Lodge, in 1827, and at that time was a Congregational clergyman, and preached here. This periodical was called the Masonic Casket, and is thought to have been identical with the one printed at Haverhill. Hanover.*— The Dresden Mercury, by Alden Spooner, 1778-79. Of this paper no specimens are preserved. The Eagle and Dartmouth Sentinel, later the Eagle, from July 22, 1793, to June, 1799, edited by Josiah Dunham until 1796, by Benjamin True until 1798, and by Moses Fiske until 1799. The Dartmouth Gazette, from August 27, 1799, to June 2, 1820, published and edited by Moses Davis until 1808, and then by Charles Spear (part of the time with his brothers, William and Henry). The American, by David Watson, Jr., from February 7, 1816, to April 2, 1817. ’ The Dartmouth Herald, by Bannister & Thurston, from June 21, 1820, to July 25, 1821. These were all country newspapers, in the ordinary sense of the term, and had no specia! connection with the college or the students. They were issued weekly, on four pages, ranging in size from ten by seventeen inches to twelve by twenty inches. The Literary Tablet, published also by Moses Davis, from August 6, 1803, to August 5, 1807, was a bi-weekly paper, of four quarto pages, ten inches by twelve. It was edited by Davis himself, with the assistance of other gentle- men under the nom de plume of “Nicholas Orlando,” and was purely literary in its character. Subsequent to 1830 there is said to have been published for a brief period a paper entitled Zhe Hanover Chronicle, of which little is known, and in Oc- tober, 1835, three or four numbers of an Independent Chronicle. find contem- poraneous mention ; but it is not known that any copies of either remain. In the same year, 1835, beginning with October 2ust, there appeared a bi-weekly *For this sketch of the Hanover journalistic ventures we are indebted to Hon. Freder- ick Chase, of Hanover. a4 TI2 GRAFTON COUNTY, literary venture under the name of the A/agne/, that survived some little time. It was printed by a Thomas Mann, for a “‘social conclave,” in the form of a sixteen page octavo. _ In October, 1837, a single number was issued by the same printer of a sim- ilar paper, under the name of Zhe Scrap Book, conducted by “a literary club of under-graduates in Dartmouth college.” This was followed in November, 1839, by Zhe Dartmouth, which was es- tablished and conducted by the students under a committee annually selected °: by the senior class. It was the first organized effort for the establishment of a journalism distinctly collegiate, and resulted in a distinguished success. This was a magazine of ten numbers a year, in octavo form, each containing thirty or forty pages, with a handsome cover. Five volumes were issued, terminat- ing in June, 1844. In 1840 E. A. Allen, then the printer, began the publication ofan octavo literary pamphlet styled the 72s and Record, which survived some months, we do not precisely know how many. Inthe same year an attempt was made by Mr. Allen to revive the village newspaper. .With that object he started, May 11, 1840, Zhe Experiment, a four page demy. Proving successful, it was en- larged, November 17, 1840, and rechristened Zhe Amule¢. As such it con- tinued at least into its second year. In August, 1841, the state organization of the literary party established an “organ at Hanover, under the name of Zhe People's Advocate, published by St. Clair & Briggs, agents of the committee. In June, 1843, it passed into the hands of Joseph E, Hood, an ardent abolitionist and a brilliant man. In February, 1844, he replaced it with Zhe Family Visitor, a quarto of eight pages, which ceased with the sixteenth number, June 5, 1844. The Valley Star, published by Simpson & Weeks in September and Octo- ber, 1850, was a Democratic organ, but ceased with four or five numbers. The Parents’ Monitor and Young Peoples’ Friend, printed by Rev. David Kimball, from 1845 to 1850, was a quarto of eight pages, designed for a fam- ily paper. The Dartmouth Advertiser was issued monthly from March, 1853, to April, 1854, primarily as an advertising medium, by I. O. Dewey, an enterprising merchant. Eleven regular numbers were issued. There have been numerous publications of an occassional nature, but: none other of a permanent character (except those mentioned below) until the es- tablishment of the HaNover GazerTE, May 23, 1885, printed by P. H. Whitcomb, under the editorial management of Dorrence B. Currier. It is modelled in size and style somewhat after the old Dartmouth Gazette, andis » ; a handsome and creditable newspaper. The era of modern cod/ege journalism began with a modest venture in April, 1851, styled the Dartmouth Index, at first in quarto form, four pages, andthen octavo of eight. In July, 1855, this was supplanted by the Phenix,.edited by Edward H. Kimball, and afterwards by his brother, W. F. D. Kimball, NEWSPAPERS. is 112 which combined the features of the /vdex with editorials and advertisements. It contained four pages, twelve by nineteen inches, and was published thrice a year, at the beginning of each college term. at five cents a copy. At the close of the college year in 1858, the Phenix was left without an editor, and the incoming junior class (which was to graduate in 1860) undertook to continue it as a class matter, under the name of Zhe gis. The first number ap-. peared in an improved form, September, 1858, and the paper was regularly continued by successive junior classes with great success, until April, 1867, when it was thrown into octavo form, with a cover, and increased in price and from time to time in volume and pretentiousness, until now it appears but once a year, about New Years, at fifteen times the price of the more useful little paper. In 1867 ‘THE DARTMOUTH was revived as a monthly magazine, in much the same form that it wore twenty-five years before, as a purely literary magazine, and was very successfully published by the senior classes down to 1875, when it was changed toa quarto form, reduced in number of pages, and issued for a time weekly. Since September,1879, it has been a bi-weekly, and it still flour- ishes. It has lost to a considerable extent its exclusively literary character,. by the admission of advertisements and by giving more attention to current college matters. The Anvil was a personal venture of a talented student, Fred A. Thayer, a graduate of 1873. It began Janvary 23, 1873, and continuednearly a year, winning great praise. HAVERHILL.—A small paper was published here for about six months prior to 1800, by Nathaniel Coverly ; and three or four numbers of a magazine were published by Mosely Dunham. Zhe Cods Courier, another small sheet, was begun April 21, 1808, and continued for a short time. The New Hampshire Intelligencer was begun in November, 1819, by Syl- vester T. Goss. In 1826 the sheet was enlarged from four to five columns, but was discontinued soon after. The press and material passed into the hands of J. R. Reding, who established the Democratic Republican. During. this time, also, Mr. Goss published the Zvangelist, a religious paper, for a. short time. : The Masonic Casket, a sixteen-page monthly, “designed for the benefit of all Free and Accepted Masons,” was established by Mr. Goss, also, in Janu- ary, 1824, but we cannot say how long it was continued, but certainly more than two years. The New Hampshire Post and Grafton and Cods Advertiser was estab- lished in July, 1827, by Atwood & Woolson. It was a four-page, five-column weekly, and advocated the re-election of John Quincy Adams to the presi- dency. In April, 1829, it had been enlarged to six columns, and Moses G. Atwood’s name appears as publisher, Woolson having retired. In the same -number notice is given that he had “ sold to John L. Bunce and will retire.” George S. Towle, a lawyer, afterwards bought the paper and continued it q12%6 GRAFTON COUNTY. “until the fire of 1848 destroyed the office, when he removed to Lebanon and -continued the sheet, having changed its name, in 1844, to the Granite State Whig. ‘ The Democratic Republican and General Advertiser was established July 23, 1828, by John R. Reding, who bought out the Mew Hampshire Intelli- gencer. Ut was a paper of four pages and twenty-four columns. John R. Reding, its publisher, was postmaster at Haverhill ten years, and became New Hampshire’s representative in Congress in 1841, and was re-elected in 1843. Politically the paper was an advocate of Democratic principles, Upon the election of Mr. Reding to Congress, his brother, H. W. Reding, became his partner in the paper and edited the sheet, with the exception of the years 1852-53, when his brother was with him until January 14, 1863, when the following announcement appeared: “To our readers: After this number the publication of the Democratic Republican will be discontinued, H. W. Reding.” This paper was of the most pronounced Democratic pro- -clivities. After it was discontinued no paper was published at Haverhill until ‘October, 1882, when W. Cone Mahurin bought the office and material and established the GraFron County SIGNAL AND DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN, de- -voted to local and general matters, and claiming adherence to independent Republicanism. He continued to publish the paper two years, and in De- -cember, 1884, sold it to Joseph H. Dunbar, A. M., who has since published it. In December, 1885, he changed its form, making it eight pages of four -columns each, and adopted the custom of cutting and pasting the paper for. mailing. The Whig and Argus was published here for a short time by J. F. Hayes, but we have not been able to obtain dates The Haverhill Herald was established by Pringle & Scott, May 17. 1879, 4 -five-column four-page weekly. Q. A. Scott sold his interest to his partner, William A. Pringle, about three months later, who sold to William Arthur Jones in 1880. He also changed the name to the Advertiser and Budget of Fun, which, after a year, was discontinued for want of support. THE WOODSVILLE ENTERPRISE was establisied by Eli B. Wallace, in July 1883, he having purchased the office and material of the defunct Advertiser He still continues the publication, a neat four-page, seven-column sheet, ‘printed at Littleton. , The Oliverian, a four-page sheet, was issued in December, 1885, in which the publisher’s notice was as follows: ‘The OLivertan is published by the pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church, East Haverhill, in the insterest of ‘the church. The net proceeds will be devoted to building a new fence about the church property. William A. Loyne, editor; Guy W. Richardson, as- sistant. Tue GRAFTON CouNTY REGISTER was established by the firm of Bittinger Brothers, in January, 1886. Itis an independent local newspaper, of four -seven-column pages, published at $1.25 per year. It is ably edited, and the NEWSPAPERS. 112"7 entire office being equipped with new material, steam presses, etc., the me- chanical make-up of the sheet is pleasing and attractive. Lepanon.— Zhe Granite State Whig, started at Haverhill, in 1844, by George S. Towle, was removed to Lebanon, in 1848, and published by Towle till August 1, 1861. In 1859 the name was changed to the GRANITE STATE Free Press. It was purchased by E. H. Cheney, the present proprietor, in 1861, and has been conducted by him since, with the exception of four year. —1875 to 1879—when Fred W. Cheney, son of the latter, was proprietors The FREE Press is a Republican weekly, issued Fridays. It has eight 26x4o inch pages, and has a circulation of 1,450 copies, at $1.25 per year. The New Hampshire Weekly News was started by William M, Kendall, Jr., in 1875, and was continued about one year. The Dollar Weekly News was established by the same proprietor, in 1879, and was discontinued January 1, 1880. Mr. Kendall now publishes the Budget, at Manchester. Lispon.— Zhe Lisbon Index was founded in September, 1882, by Lucius A. Young, the present proprietor. It has eight pages, forty-eight columns, is independent in politics, and has a circulation of 800. A bright, breezy local sheet. LirtLetoy.— Zze Ammonoosuc Reporter, the first newspaper published in Littleton, was established by F. A. Eastman, in July, 1852. Mr, Eastman, who subsequently moved west and became postmaster of Chicago, and is now an editor in Wisconsin, published the paper until the autumn of 1854, when he was succeeded by Van N. Bass and L. D. Churchill. In January, 1855, the name of the paper, which was Democratic in politics, was changed to the White Mountain Banner. Mr. Bass soon after became sole proprietor. The paper ran several years, and was finally suspended. The People's Journal was started in 1855, by H. W. Rowell, asa Know- Nothing organ, subsequently Republican. In 1859 this paper passed into the hands of William Davis, who was succeeded by William J. Bellows, in 1861. Mr. Bellows published it a few years, when it was united with the Lebanon FREE PREsS. The Littleton Gazette, a neutral paper, was started by Rowell & Smith, in 1865. Smith soon retired, and L. W. Rowell continued the paper until Oc- tober, 1867, when it was purchased by C. E. Carey, and changed to a Demo+ cratic paper, unjer the name of the White Mountain Republic, which has been continued under varied managements, to the present time, George C. Furber being the present proprietor. The pap=r has a large circulation. The Littleton Argus, a Republican paper, was started by James S. Peavey, in December, 1875, and was united with the Cods Republican, of Lancaster, in May, 1878. Tue Lrrrieton JouRNAL, als? Republican in politics, was established by B. F. Robinson and P. R. Goold, January t, 1880. The Journat is a flour- ishing paper, and has a large circulation in the community. We 112°8 GRAFTON COUNTY. The Musicat Butteti, “a monthly journal devoted to the best interests of musicians andthe trade,” was started in Littleton, by D. F. Chase, in Janu- ary, 1883. It is still continued by him. Lyme.— Zhe Weekly Boomerang was started in April, 1884, nominally published in Lyme by the “Boomerang Publishing Company,” but in reality printed at East Canaan. “The Boomerang Publishing Company was Will-E. Shaw, who, after securing a paid subscription list of between two and three hundred names, and a good advertising patronage, let the paper die of neg- lect, an infant of seven or eight weeks. Such was the feeling among the subscribers, however, that he compromised by sending them the Mascoma. REGISTER for the term of their subscription. Our Cuurcu Work is an eight-page paper, eleven by fifteen inches, pub- lished at the beginning of January, April, July and October, of each year, by Rev. E. P. Butler, pastor of the Congregational church in Lyme, at the nom- inal price of twenty-five cents per annum. The first number was issued in November, 1880. It was designed to subserve the interests of the church above mentioned ; but no other paper being published in town, it has come to: be considered an authority regarding current events in the place, as well asin the religious and secular world at large, and not only has a generous .patron~ age in the immediate vicinity, but is eagerly sought by natives and former residents of this section who have become citizens of other places. Piymoutu.— Zhe Grafton Journal was the first paper published here, in 1825, by a Mr. Moore. , The White Mountain Bugle appeared next, in 1844, published for a year by John R. French, afterward sergeant-at-arms of the U. S. Senate. It was a cranky, rabid, anti-slavery sheet, and survived but a year. THE GRAFTON COUNTY JOURNAL was established in November, 1874, by John C. Cushman, who had been running a paper in Pittsfield, N: H. After two or three weeks he sold out to John H. Dearborn, who run it until May, 1876, when he sold toC. H. Kimball and O. N. Flanders, both of Manches- ter, N. H. In May, 1877, Flanders sold to Rev. J. H. Temple, a Unitarian minister, who remained until July, 1878, when he sold to Charles H. Kim- ball, who run it alone until September 1, 1885, when he sold to W. A. Rob- erts, of Massachusetts, the present proprietor. The paper is neutral ‘in politics. In September, 1880, Mr. Kimball started the REPUBLICAN Star, and on July 7, 1883, the ExcHance, both of which were running on September 1, 1885, the date he sold to Roberts. Tue GraFrron County Democrat was established January 1, 1878, by William M. Kendall, of Lebanon. After running it six months he sold to Lewis & Sanborn, of Laconia, they, as did Kendall, employing Van N. Bass to manage it. On January 1, 1880, they sold to V. N. Bass and Edward L.. Houghton, who run it six months, or until July, 1880, when Houghton sold, to Bass, who run it alone until 1883, when he sold to the Democrat Pub- lishing Co., Miron W. Hazeltine, manager, who are at present running it. As its name indicates it is Democratic in politics. ABORIGINAL OCCUPANCY. r12° ABORIGINAL OCCUPANCY. The region of country embraced within the limits of Grafton county was probably never the permanent home of any Indian tribe; that is, no large body of savages ever congregated for any length of time within its borders, but like the nomads of the desert, wandered from place to place. Bancroft tells us that the Algonquin race occupied the whole Atlantic coast, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Fear. The Indians of the interior were known and called among the tribes upon the sea-shore by the general name of Nip- mucks, or fresh water Indians, and, true to their name, the Nipmucks usually had their residences upon places of still water, the ponds, lakes, and rivers of the interior. The Nipmuck Indians, then, were the aboriginal occupants of the territory under consideration. These Nipmuck Indians, however, are divided by Indian historians into several divisions, or tribes, of which the Pemigewass2ts occupied the valley of the Pemigewasset. As neighbors of the Pemigewassets we are told that ‘a great and powerful tribe” lived on the Nashua stream and were called Nashuas. That another lived on the Souhegan river, and of course were called Souhegans. A third lived at Amoskeag falls, an] were called Amos- keags. A fourth inhabited the beautiful interval at Concord, called by the Indians Pennacook, and they were called Pennacooks. A fifth dwelt on Squamscott river, now Exeter, and for the same reason were called Squam- scotts. A sixth stopped at Newichannock, and they were Newichannocks. A seventh stayed at Piscataqua river, and they were Piscataquaukes. An eighth built a wigwam city at Ossipee lake, and they were the cultivated Ossi- pees, with mounds and forts like more civilized nations. A ninth built flour- ishing villages in the fertile valley of the Pequawket river, and were known as the pious Pequakees, who worshipped the great Manitauof the cloud-capped Agiochook. A tenth had their home by the clear lake Winnepiseogee, and were esteemed “the beautiful Winnepissaukies.” An eleventh set up their lodges of spruce bark by the banks of the wild and turbulent Androscoggin river, and were known as “the death—dealing Amariscoggins.” A twelfth cultivated the Coos intervals on the Connecticut, and were called “ the swift deer-hunting Codsucks.” Besides these twelve tribes, the Pemigewassets also had as neighbors in New Hampshire, and along its present borders, the Winnecowetts, inhabiting a beautiful pine-tree place in the southeast corner of the state, the Wachusetts living about the mountain of that name in Mas- sachusetts, the Agawams residing at the mouth of the Merrimack, the Paw- tuckets, who fished at Pawtucket Falls, and several small tribes upon the banks of the Connecticut river whose names are unknown. . But these tribes or families, as we have said, were nomadic in their habits. " Thus, in the ‘‘Masschusetts Historical Collections,” Roger Williams tells us that “from thick warm valleys where they winter they removea little nearer to 112° GRAFTON COUNTY. their summer fields. When it is warm spring they remove to their fields, where they plant corn. In middle summer, because of the abundance of fleas which the dust of the house breeds, they will fly and remove on asudden to a fresh place. Andsometimes having fields a mile or two or many miles asunder, when the work of one field is over they removed hence to the other. If death call inamongst them, they presently remove toa fresh place. If an enemy approach they remove to a thicket or swamp. unless they have some fort to remove into. Sometimes they remove to a hunting-house in the end of the year and forsake it not until the snow lies thick; and then will travel home, men women and children, through the snow thirty, yea fifty or sixty miles, But their great remove is from their summer fields to warm and thick woody bottoms where they winter. They are quick in half a day, yea sometimes in a few hours warning to be gone, and the house is up elsewhere, especially if they have a few stakes ready pitched for their mats. I once in my travels lodged at a house at which in my return I hoped to have lodged again the next night, but the house was gone in that interim and I was glad to lodge under a tree.” It is easy to understand, then, that the different families of these several tribes, neighbors of our Pemigewassets, were not very careful to confine their residences to any particular locality, but generally changed them several times in a year, and changed their names as often as they changed their residences. Consequently when a few families went to Amoskeag Falls to fish they were Amoskeags ; if they went to the rich intervals of Pen- nacook to plant they were Pennacooks ; if they went later in the season to Winnepissiogee lake, where they could fish through the ice and hunt on the hills, to spend the winter, they were Winnepissaukies—and, furthermore, any tribe had but to say preséo and travel, and they immediately changed into some other great tribe. In several towns of the county traces of Indian occupation are found, though the early settlers found no resident savages here; but probably there is no town in the county but that has had at some timea portion of a tribe of the Nipmucks residing within its limits. On both sides of the river, at the Ox-Bow in Haverhill, the first settlers in the county found a cleared interval, which Rogers mentions in his journal, and which was undoubtedly used by the Indians as a planting-ground ; and it is said that there were evidences of there having been quite a thriving settlement here at some time. Remains of a fort, or oboriginal fortifications of some kind, are even still to be traced. Upon the Keyes farm, tormerly the “Dow” farm, near the river, is a conical hill sixty to seventy-five feet in height, around whose summit artificial embankments are plainly visible. It was here that this fort is supposed to have been located. About a mile north of Haverhill railroad station, ten or twelve rods west of the track, is a smooth rocky ledge surmounting a knoll of land. Three or four feet below the highest point of this ledge a hole about twenty-six inches in diameter and thirty inches has been drilled, and which tradition asserts was WHEN FIRST SETTLED BY THE WHITES. 112" used by the Indians for a mortar in which to pound the corn raised. upon the Ccos Meadows. Upon the summit of what is known as Indian rock, in Warren, are found four of these smoothly-cut bowls. In this latter town, and others also, ridges where these aborigines planted corn, ashes where their wig- wam was built, stone gouges, arrow and spear-heads, knives, etc., with re- mains of pottery and domestic implements have been found. Thus, in “Farmer and Moor’s Collections” we find that “at the mouth of. Baker's river, in the town of Plymouth, N. H., the Indians had a settlement, where have been found Indian graves, bones, gun-barrels, stone mortars, pestles and other utensils in use among them.” WHEN FIRST SETTLED BY THE WHITES. The first visit of the whites to the region now included within the limits of Grafton county was, so far as known, made in 1709, by one Thomas Baker, from whom Baker's river derived its name. This visit is graphically set forth in an article printed in the December number of the Granite State Monthly, - 1878, written by Hon. J. E. Sargent, from which we extract the following :— “Tt seems that early in the year 1709, one Th mas Baker was taken cap- tive from Deerfield, Mass., by the Indians and carried up the Connecticut river to Lake Memphremagog and thence to Canada. The next year he was ranso ved and returned by the same route to his home in Northampton, Mass., thus having gained a knowledge of the route and.of some of the In- dians. In 1712, he raised a company of thirty-four men, including one friendly Indian, as a guide. His object was to ferret out and destroy, if possible; the Indians having their encampment somewhere upon the waters of the Pemi- gewasett river. He then held the title of lieutenant, and went directly by the old carrying-place with which he was familiar to the Coés or Cowass intervals in Haverhill and Newbury. There he halted, and following the lead of the ‘Indian guide up the Oliverian brook to the height of land south of and in plain sight of Moosilauke and then followed a small brook down to the Indian Asquamchumauke in Warren and thence through Wentworth, Rumney and Plymouth to the mouth of the river. “When Baker and his men, who had kept on the west and south side of the river, came near its mouth, the guide signified that it was now time for every man to be on the lookout, and so every one moved with the utmost circumspection, and when near the junction of this river with Pemigewassett, they discovered the Indians on the north bank of the Asquamchumauke, sporting among their wigwams in great numbers, secure as they supposed from the muskets and the gaze of all ‘pale-faces.’ This was in fact, their principal village or settlement, where they deposited their booty and stored their furs. “Baker and his men chose their positions and opened a tremendous fire upon the Indians, which was as sudden to them as an earthquake. Many of the sons of the forest fell in death in the midst of their sports ; but the living disappeared in an instant and ran to call in their hunters. Baker and his men lost no time in crossing the river in search of booty. They found a rich store of furs; deposited in holes, dug in the bank of the river horizontally— in the same manner that bank swallows dig their holes. r12*? GRAFTON COUNTY. “‘ Having destroyed their wigwams and captured their furs, Baker ordered a retreat, fearing that they would soon return in too large numbers to be re- sisted by his single company. And it seems that the Indians were fully up to his expectations or apprehensions, for notwithstanding, Baker retreated 4 with all expedition, the Indians collected and were up with them, when they had- reached a poplar plain in Bridgewater; a little south of where Walter Webster formerly kept tavern, a severe skirmish ensued, but the Indians were repulsed and many of them killed—several sculls have since been found on this plain by the early settlers, some of which had been perforated by bullets, which were supposed to have belonged to those who fell in this engagement, “The leader of the Indians in these engagements was Walternumus, a distinguished sachem and warrior, and in one of these engagements and pos- sibly in this one at Bridgewater, he was slain. It is said that he and Baker fired at each other the same instant; the ball of the Indian grazing Baker’s left eyebrow, while his passing through the Indian’s heart, he leaped in the air and fell dead. The Indian warrior was royally attired, and Baker hastily © seizing his blanket, which was richly ornamented with silver, his powder horn and other ornaments, hastened on with his men. “But notwithstanding the Indians had been répulsed, the friendly Indian advised Baker and his men to use all possible diligence in their retreat, for he assured them that the number of the Indians would increase every hour and that they would surely return to the attack. Accordingly Baker pushed on the retreat with all possible dispatch, and did not wait for any refresh- ment after the battle. But when they had reached New Chester, now Hill, having crossed a stream, his men were exhausted, through abstinence, forced marches and hard fighting, and they concluded to stop and refresh themselves at whatever risk, concluding that they inight as well perish by the tomahawk as by faimine. “But here again was a call for Indian strategem. The friendly Indian told every man to build as many fires as he could in a given time; as the pursu- ing Indians would judge of their numbers by the number of their fires. He told them also that each -man should make him four or five forks of crotched sticks, and use them all in roasting a single piece of pork, then leave an equal number of forks round each fire, and the Indians would infer, if they came up, that there were as many of the English as there were forks and this might turn them back. : “The Indian’s council was followed to the letter, and the company moved on with fresh speed. But before théy were out of hearing and while the fires they had left were still burning, the pursuing Indians with additional rein- forcements, came up and counting the. fires and the forks, the warriors whooped a retreat, for they were alarmed at the numbers of the English. Baker and his men were no longer annoyed by these troublesome atten- dents but were allowed peacefully to return to their homes, owing their pres- ervation, no doubt, to the counsel of the friendly Indian who acted.as their guide. Baker's river is supposed to have been so named to perpetuate the remembrance of this brilliant affair of Lieut. Baker at its mouth. “This is the first party of whites that we have any authentic account of having passed along the course of this winding river, which was from that -time forth to take the name of their illustrious leader. The date of this expedition of Baker is stated by Whiton in his history of New Hampshire to have been 1724, but this is evidently an error, as the journal of the Massa- chusetts legislature shows that Lieut. Thomas Baker, as commander of a company in a late expedition to Cods and over to Merrimack river and so to WHEN FIRST SETTLED BY THE WHITES. r12"% Dunstable, brought in his claim, for Indian scalps, which was allowed and paid, in May, 1712, and an additional allowance made for the same, June 11, 1712, which would seem to fix the time beyond question. In addition to other pay, Baker was promoted to the rank of Captain, by which title he is generally known.” From about the year 1665 down to 1760, with a few brief intervals of peace, a constant war was waged between the French and their Indian allies of Can- ada against the English colonists and the Indians who espoused their cause—. an echo of the jealousies rife in the old world. In t748 the peace of Aux- La-Chapelle was signed, between France and England, ushering in the last of those brief periods of quiet in America. It was during this comparatively quiet period that New Hampshire was first permitted to adopt any measures towards securing to itself the valuable tract of country in the northern part -of the Connecticut valley. In 1752 the governor of the province made sey- eral grants of townships on both sides of the Connecticut, and a plan was laid for taking possession of the “rich meadows of Cohos,”* glowing ac- counts of which had been heard from hunters and returned captives. The original design was to cut aroad from “No. 4,” or Charlestown, to the ‘Cohos ; to lay out two townships, one on each side of the river, and opposite to each other, where Haverhill and Newbury now are. They were to erect ‘stockades, with lodgements for two hundred men, in each township, enclos- ing a space of fifteen acres; in the center of which was to be a citadel, con- taining the public buildings and granaries, which were to be large enough to receive all the inhabitants and their movable effects, in case of necessity. As an inducement for people to remove to this new plantation, they were to have courts of judicature, and other civil privileges, among themselves, and were to be under strict military discipline. Before this plan was put into execution, an event occurred which changed the contemplated tactics. In the spring of 1752, John Stark, afterwards Gen- eral Stark, Amos Eastman, afterwards of Hollis, N. H., David Stinson, of Londonderry, and William Stark, were hunting upon Baker's river, in the present town of Rumney. They were surprised by a party of ten Indians. John Stark and Amos Eastman were taken prisoners, Stinson was killed, and William Stark escaped by flight. John Stark and Eastman were carried into captivity to the headquarters of the St. Francis tribe in Canada, and were led directly through the “Meadows,” so much talked of in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The captives retured that summer, and their accounts still further stimulated the desire for exploring and securing possession of the locality. The breaking out of hostilities between France and England again was momentarily expected, and the government of the province feared the French would establish a garrison at the coveted’ point; accordingly, it was determined to send a company to explore the region, not by the way of the Connecticut from “No. 4,” but pursuing the route taken by the Indians and their captives. * Cods was originally spelled Cohos. 112" GRAFTON COUNTY. In the spring of 1754 a company was sent out under Colonel Lovewell, Major Tolford and Captain Page, with John Stark as guide. Leaving Con- cord on the roth of March, they reached the Connecticut, in the present town of Piermont, in seven days. Thé party remained there one night, and then, probably through fear of an Indian attack, made a precipitate retreat to Con- cord, arriving thirteen days after their departure. But the Government was not discouraged by this failure, and the same season, 1754, Capt. Peter Powers, of Hollis, N. H., Lieut. James Stevens and Ensign Ephraim Hale, both of Townsend, Mass., were appointed to march at the head of a company-to effect, if possible, what had hitherto been attempted in vain. The company rendezvoused at Concord, which was then called Rumford, and commenced their tour on Saturday, June 15, 1754. From their journal we learn that they went by way of Contocook up the Merrimack to the mouth of the Pemigewasset, and then followed the latter stream to Baker’s river, then up Baker’s river across by Baker ponds and on to Oliverian river at the falls, where they arrived June 25th, ten days after their departure from Concord. This places the company upon the banks of the Oliverian river, in the pres- ent town of Haverhill, the site ultimately to be chosen for the first settlement in the territory included within the limits of Grafton county. Their journey was continued the following morning, and proceeding between the valley of the Connecticut and that of the Ammonoosuc, upon the highlands of Bath, Lyman and Littleton, on the night of the 29th we find them encamped in the southern part of Dalton. On the 2d of July they had penetrated to the vicinity of the present Northumberland, whence they turned about and began to retrace their steps. On the night of the fifth they encamped just below the mouth of Wells’s river, on the opposite side of the Connecticut. On the morning of the 6th they ‘marched down the Great river,” says the Journal, “to the great Cohos and crossed the river below the great turn of cleared interval, and there left the Great river, and steered south by east about three miles, and there camped. Here was the best of upland, and some quantity of large white pines.” On this item of the Journal the Rev. Grant Powers, in his ‘‘Histor- ical Sketches of the Cods Country,” comments as follows: “I think they crossed into Haverhill at the ‘Dow farm’ (now Keyes farm), so called, and the three miles brought them to Haverhill Corners, and their description of it answers to the description given by the first settlers. I would say to the people of Haverhill Corner that eighty-five years ago, on the sixth of July last (1839), your common was the encampment of an explor- ing company, sent out by the government of England; that this company felt themselves surrounded by a vast wilderness; and, while the towering trees of the forest formed their canopy, they confided in their own vigilance and prowess, under God, to protect them from beasts of prey and savage men. Weil you may exclaim, while in your sealed houses and while surveying from your windows your ample fields and meadows, ‘What hath God wrought ?’” lB LAND TITLE CONTROVERSY. 112** At this point the Journal ends, and imagination only can trace the balance of the journey of this little band through the primitive forests to the territory of which we write. The French and Indian war soon came on, and from this time until after the close of hostilities nothing more was done toward exploring or settling the **Cohos Country.” In 1761, however, immediately after the war, two men became very much interested in consummating the original plan of laying out two townships on the “rich meadows of Cohos.” These men were Col. Jacob: Bailey, of Newbury, and Capt. John Hazen, of Haverhill, Mass. During that summer, as a preliminary to actual settlement, Captain Hazen sent two men, Michael Johnston and John Pettie, on with his cattle, who took possession of the “Little Ox-Bow,” in the present town of Haverhill. Here they remained in solitude until the spring of 1762, when Captain Hazen came on with hands. and materials for building a grist-mill and saw-mill on the present Swazey mill site. Col. Joshua Howard, who died here January 7, 1839, at the age of nearly ninety-nine years, related that he and two others were the first among the settlers who came on that spring, taking a straight course from Salisbury to Haverhill, in April. He, with Jesse Harriman and Simeon Stevens, em- ployed an old hunter at Concord to guide them through. They took a course west of Newfound pond, in Hebron, followed up the northwest branch of Baker’s river, into Benton, and down the Oliverian to the Connecticut, per- forming the journey from Concord in four days. On the 18th of May, of the following year, the two coveted townships were granted, one taking the name of Newbury, the other of Haverhill. The former, as is well known, through the adjustment cf the boundary line between New York and New Hamp- shire, ultimately became a part of the territory of Vermont. The history of the latter town will be detailed in a future chapter. In 1765 settlements were made in Orford, Lyme, Hanover, Lebanon and Plymouth, and two years later, in 1767, the territory included within the pres- ent limits of the county had a population of 747 souls. Six years later, in 1773, the population had increased to 2,922, while only two years later, in 1775, it numbered 3,296. The details of the settlements thus made we now leave to the sketches of the several towns. LAND TITLE CONTROVERSY. The settlement of the western and southern boundary lines of New Hamp- shire, and of the location of the western boundary of the Masonian Grant, was long a subject of dispute among the proprietors and settlers, and thus. gave rise to much trouble and litigation relative to land titles. The settle ment of the Mason line was long a bone of contention, and it was not finally adjusted until after the Revolution, when a curved line, intended to be sixty miles from the sea shore, was decided upon. For a period of sixteen years there was a controversy between the author- ities of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, relative to the boundary line between the Provinces, and a contest kept up in regard to the control of the r12*6 GRAFTON COUNTY. -territory in the vicinity of Hinsdale and Fort Dummer. Finally, on the 5th of March, 1740, George II. decreed that the line between New Hampshire and Massachusetts should be surveyed in accordance with certain special in- structions, and in 1741 the line was run by Richard Hazen, and found to leave about sixteen miles of Massachusetts, disputed terr.tory in New Hamp- shire, upon which that province had already made several grants. In his in- struction thereto the King recommended the Assembly of New Hampshire: to care for and protect the settlers about Fort Dummer, which was on the west side of the river. From this royal recommend, Governor Benning Went- worth naturally supposed that the King recognized the jurisdiction of New Hampshire as extending to the same point west as Massachusetts, namely, a point twenty miles east of the Hudson river. Accordingly, on the applica- tion of William Williams and sixty-one others, January 3, 1749, he chartered a township six miles square, in what is now the southwestern corner of Ver- mont, but, as he supposed, in the southwestern corner of New Hampshire. As early as 1763 he had granted other townships lying west of the Con- necticut river, to the number of about 138. The population therein had grown to quite respectable proportions, and the section had come to be known as the New Hampshire Grants. In 1763, however, Lieutenant Gov- ernor Tryon, of New York, laid claim to the territory, by virtue of a grant made by Charles IT., to the Duke of York, in 1664, which included “all the land from the west side uf Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware Bay.” Finally, on application of the government of New York, it was decided by George III., in council of July ro, 1754, that “the western bank of the Con- necticut river should thereafter be regarded as the boundary line between the Province of New York and the Province of New Hampshire.” With the war between the settlers of the grants and government of New York, which lasted for full a quarter of a century, we have nothing to do. It belongs to the his- tory of Vermont. Of the abortive attempt to create a new state from por- tions of New Hampshire and Vermont, the reader is referred to pages 36-37. REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Want of space forbids our giving an extended sketch of the war for inde- pendence—neither is it required, for all readers are conversant with that epoch in our country’s history. The peopleof New Hampshire had always been loyal to the mother country ; but when their liberties were at stake, they were quite as zealous to defend their rights as they of their sister states, and furnished their full quota of men for the great struggle. So far as we have been able, we have mentioned the part each town took, in their respective sketches. Of the War of 1812 we may say the same. WAR OF THE UNION. It seems but a recent dream, the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency in 1860, the occupation of Fort Sumter by Major Anderson, and the final attack upon it ; then, like the shock of an earthquake, the follow- ing years of blood and carnage. But it was a fearful dream, -and eyes are still 4 2 WAR OF THE UNION. 12‘? red with weeping over it in not a few of the homes of our land. Side by side with her sister states, New Hampshire endured the weary marches and bore the brunt of battles, and side by side their sons sleep the long sleep—some beneath the sun-kissed plains of the wilful South, some rocked in the bosom of the broad Atlantic, “held in the hollow of His hand,” while others have been borne to rest among their kindred, by sympathizing friends, who, year by year to muffled drum beat, wend their way to their consecrated tombs to deck their graves with beautiful spring flowers—a national tribute to the memory of the gallant dead. . ‘ The following table gives a fair synopsis of the number of the soldiers which each town of the county furnished on the call of July, 1862, and sub- sequent calls ; and the number of soldiers who were killed in or died from the effects of the war, and amount of municipal war loan awarded to each town:— Towns. Calls of 1862,&c.| Died, &c. | Municipal War Loan. Alexandria.... ..,....... 94 5 $ 8,700.00 Bathiccccwsey dacata cee 136 27 10,950.00 Benton............. i 16 ai 1,450.00 Bethlehem ............... 87 30 8, 400.00 Bridgewater.............. 39 12 3,766.67 BristOliccnd: dave on haeen yee 107 20 E 10,416.67 Campton.... .......... IIo 30 9.083.33 Canaan nce atari eaten 146 et 12,641.67 Dorchester... ........... 47 13 4,050.00 Ellsworth.... ..........-- 19 is 1,933-33 Enfieldwiwscs aus aus oie as 171 os 14,775.00 Brann btained, came to the mind o: the country youth in this his first visit to agreat city, we cannot tell; but, per. haps, vague and dim, they were ever present with him, constantly urging hir on from place to place, until the time and conditions were ripe for his great life-work. The next spring, tired of city life, he returned to Haverhill, where he studied a year, and attended the academy for three months, after which he worked for his brother James, in a printing-office in Boston. In 1832 he established a political paper, the AZaine Recorder, in Lemington, Me., which existed only three months. Once more in Boston, he passed two or three years as journeyman, when he again went to Maine, and, with a partner, Daniel P. Marble, established a political paper, the ational Republican, at Saco. After three months he gave his interest to his partner, borrowed ten dollars, and returned to Boston. Itis unnecessary to give a minute accourt of the events of the life of Mr. Dow for the next few years, suffice it to say that before he was thirty years old, he had established nine different periodi- cals—all failures, except in the experience acquired, which subsequently was of inestimable value. In 1849, while a compositor on the Daily Traveler, he planned the Wav- erly Magazine, which he founded in 1850, with less than five dollars as capi- tal. And now the indomitable will, which had been striving for so many years toward the accomplishment of a purpose that must be brought some time to a fullness of completion, had its final and successful struggle with adversity. The many cognizant of the plan pronounced it a “visionary scheme,” the few shared Mr. Dow’s earnest faith in its ultimate success. From its inception he would not have parted with his publication for $10,000. The labor was performed by type-setters who acquired enthusiasm from the proprietor, and worked to aid in the success. For four months Mr. Dow sank money at the rate of $40 per week, but his untiring assiduity, perse- verence and nerve continued, and won success beyond his expectations. Reducing expenses to the lowest possible point, at the commencement of the ‘fifth month he found that he was making twenty-five dollars a week, double the wages of a journeyman. The progress now was steadily upward. Zhe Waverly Magazine took a fixed position in the world of periodicals, and met with great favor from the people. The price was increased from six to eight, ten, and, during the great civil war, fifteen cents per copy. During the war, and for a subsequent period of five years, the circulation attained the very satisfactory number of 50,000 weekly, and the Waverly zave Mr. Dow the handsome income of $150,000 per year. In 1868 he erected, at an expense -of $500,000.00, the Waverly House, in Charlestown, Mass., which comprises his publishing house and a large hotel. In business operations Mr. Dow has been original, far-seeing, sagacious. TOWN OF FRANCONIA. 273 His successes have been attained when he alone has planned, directed and controlled. From his untiring labors of over half a century, wealth has come to him beyond the dreams of his youthful aspirations. He married, October 20, 1835, Elizabeth T. Houghton, of Andover, Mass. Their two children are Mary, who married Rev. G. R. W. Scott, and Emma (Mrs. Leonard F. Cutter). Mr. Dow is a self-made man in the highest sense. With the acquisition of wealth there has been no change from the simple-hearted cheerfulness and kindliness of his original nature; severe afflictions have not chilled the warmth of his heart or his desire to secure the happiness of others. He has ever extended the ‘helping hand,” and his kindness, force and industry have been sources of encouragement to all with whom he has been associated. In private life he is especially marked for his modest and unassuming man- ners, strong social feeling, and warm attachment to his numerous friends. It js useful to give the salient points of the life of sucha man. They show what perseverence, enterprise, courage and fidelity will accomplish, and fur- nish an instructive lesson which we commend to young men as a worthy exam- ple. Mr. Dow has actively aided all liberal, reform, and educational move- ments. He has loyally retained his affection for the home of his early life. The town clock of Littleton, and the beautiful Dow academy in the lovely village of Franconia, are permanent and valuable proofs of this. He has already devoted $20,000.00 to the establishment of this educational institution, an excellent engraving of which is given-in this work. “ Men may come and men may go,” but the work they do lives after them, and the institutions they plant go on after they are gathered to their fathers, and when generation after generation shall have passed away, and this good — year-of grace become one of the dates of antiquity, the blessing of this gift will yet continue, and the majestic mountains of the Franconia Range look down upon this school, and happy children honor the memory of the wise benefactor whose fatherly care was mindful of them before their lives began. John Callahan, of this town, proprietor of “ Echo Farm,” has erected an observatory on his place, from whence a magnificent view of the mountain scenery in this vicinity may be had. Jonathan Bowles was born in Rochester, Mass., in 1776. In his early days he moved with his father to Richmond, N. H., where he subsequently married Phebe Parker, of Richmond. Mr. Bowles moved from Richmond to Lisbon about the year 1799. He was the father of thirteen children, four of whom survive him, viz.: Sally (Bowles) Quimby, John Bowles, George P. Bowles, and Esther (Bowles) Parker. John Bowles was born in Lisbon in 1812, and married Abigail D. Blake in 1836. His wife bore him four chil- dren and died in 1866. In 1868 he married Electa J. Harris, daughter of Daniel Harris, of Lisbon. 18* 274 TOWN OF FRANCONIA. Hon. Eleazer B. Parker was born at Sugar Hill, in Lisbon, N. H., Decem- ber 10, 1818, and died May 12, 1884. When a small boy he displayed a de— cision of character and a literary talent, and, as he advanced in years, he pre- ferred study to manual labor. He received his first rudiments of learning in a district school at Sugar Hill, and subsequently attended Newbury (Vt.): seminary. «When eighteen he began his long career of public usefulness by teaching school. This vocation he followed with marked success in his own and adjoining towns until the time of his marriage, September 1, 1841, which. was to Esther Bowles. About this period (1841) he, in company with his- brothers, Silas and Pratt, commenced the business of tanning leather, and also the manufacture of boots and shoes at Sugar Hill. These combined in- terests he was connected with until 1846, wher he removed to Franconia,. and engaged in merchandising. He was a judicious economist, more willing” to climb the ladder of fortune, step by step, slowly, from the bottom, than to dash into speculative and inconsiderate ventures, and his store was one of small beginnings. He was an honest, upright and sagacious trader and a popular citizen, and was prospered, his ‘business increasing steadily and per- ' manently. He was personally in trade until 1868, and by the enlargement. of his dealings was necessitated to erect new and larger stores, first, one near his residence, and afterward another, when he was succeeded in 1871 by his sons as “ Parker Brothers,” and where his youngest son, Wilbur F., is now in busi- ness. For many years Mr. Parker was not only a merchant but a participant ~ in everything that would advance the material interests of the community among whom his lot was cast. He was a member of the old manufacturing: house of “ Moody, Priest & Co.,” which for so long a period was engaged in making potato starch. He dealt largely in timber, and imported many thousand railroad ties, ship-knees, &c., from Canada. Alert, active, keen and vigilant, possessed of an energetic and pushing nature, probably no one individual in a wide range of country had so impressed himself upon the people, and the forces operating to build up this section, as he. He was a power to be felt in every undertaking, and of strict business integrity. When the Littleton National bank was organized he was chosen a director, and continued an active member of the board until his death. In politics he was. a life-long Democrat, believing in “a government of the people, by the peo- ple, from the people,” and most jealously watched anything that he deemed. intrusion upon the rights of the people, that he might oppose it with all the: strength of his nature, did the occasion arise. He was town clerk of Fran- conia for twenty years, from 1852 to 1872. He was elected representative from Franconia in 1861-62, and was elected senator to represent the “ Twelfth District” of the State in 1873-74. In these and many other posi- tions of prominence and trust he rendered valuable and satisfactory service to- his constituents, and never did malice or political animosity accuse him of the least dishonest action. His genial nature caused many to become his. friends, while his kindliness of heart went out to the poor and needy in many acts of unostentatious benevolence. In the closer and holier relations of the 6. TOWN OF GRAFTON. 275. home circle, as husband and father, he was loving, attentive and devoted, and the members of his family can recall only evidences of a sincere desire to make home the dearest place in all the world to them. His children are Phebe A. (Mrs. J. A. Knapp), Osman and Wilbur F. Mrs. Parker survives her husband and worthily occupies a high place in the esteem of the com: munity for her intrinsic worth. The Franconia Congregational church, located at Franconia village, was organized by Revs. Asa Carpenter and Nathan Goddard, with seven mem- bers, in April, 1814. The first pastor was Rev. Edmund Burt. The first church building, a wooden structure, was erected in 1835, and was sold to the Baptist society when the present building was erected, at a cost of $5,000.00, in 1882. It is capable of seating 400 persons, and is valued, including grounds, at $8,000.00. The society now has ninety-two members, with Rev. Ferdinand V. D. Garretson, pastor. The Free Will Baptist church was organized by a committee from the Lisbon church, with forty-eight members, September 20, 1834. The first settled pastor was Rev. N. R. George. Their church building was built in union with the Congregational society, in 1835; in 1882, when that society built their new church, the Baptists bought their interst and remodeled the building, so that it will now seat 350 persons, and is valued, including grounds, at $8,000.00. The society has 104 members, with Rev. R. L. Howard, pastor. The Advent Christian church, \ocated at Franconia village, was organized by its first pastor, Rev. Daniel Greggory, with about fourteen members, in 1883. This denomination began holding meetings here in 1876, in Parker’s Hall, and in 1883, when organized, they moved into Union Hall, where services were held until the completion of their new church, in 1885. It is a neat wooden structure, costing about $1,500.00, and capable of accom- modating 200 persons. The society now has twenty-five members, with Rev. George Bowles, pastor. The Sabbath-school has forty members. RAFTON lies in the extreme southern part of the county, in lat. 43° 34, and long. 72° 49’, bounded north by Orange and Alexandria, east and south by the county line, and west by Enfield and Canaan, having an area of 21,993 acres. It was originally granted to Ephraim Shearman and others, August 14, 1761, and named in honor of an English nobleman. ‘This grant was surrendered by a vote of the grantees, however, December 27, 1762, and the township was re-granted September 12, 1769, to Josiah Willard and others, many of whom were from towns in Cheshire county. The town was incorporated by the legislature November 11, 1778, in answer to a petition from the inhabitants, Daniel Sanders being authorized to call the first meet- ing. An act was passed relating to the boundaries of the town, March 28, 276 TOWN OF GRAFTON, 1781, and one establishing the same was approved June 18, 1802, as fol- lows :— “Whereas by an act of the General Assembly of the State of New Haimp- shire Passed on the 28th Day of March Last Jeremiah Page Esq. was ap- pointed with us the subscribers a Committee to Settle the Lines and Bounda- ries of the Townships of Enfield alias Relhan and those lines and Boundaries of the Townships of Canaan and Grafton which are or may be Contiguous thereto or Dependant thereupon—Pursuant to said appointment the Subscrib- ers have attended said Business and by and with the Consent of all the Parties have performed said Service in the following manner viz, Beginning at the Southerly Corner Bound of the Township of Lebanon which is the South Westerly Corner of the Township of Enfield alias Relhan Commonly Call@ Sumners Bounds and Running South fifty-eight Degrees East Six miles and three-fourth of a mile to a Hemlock tree Mark* H. G. W. C. &c thence Run- ning North forty Degrees and forty-five minits East about five miles and half to a Spruce tree marked as aforesaid which is the Dividing Line between Enfield and Grafton and is the North Easterly Corner of Enfield alias Relhan and the South easterly Corner of Canaan thence Running North fifty Eight Degrees West Seven Miles and Sixty Rods to a burch Stump which is also the North easterly Corner of Lebanon & the South westerly Corner of Canaan thence by the Township of Lebanon to the bounds first mentioned — Boscawen July oth 1781. “Henry Gerrish ae “William Chamberlain ; Gon The surface of the town is rough and uneven, though the soil in many sec- tions is good, and when properly cultivated produces fine crops of corn, potatoes and grass. The western and southwest ‘rn parts are broken into high elevations, the principal of which are Prescott hill, Ford hill and Jsin- glass mountain. At the foot of these lies the valley of Smith’s river, north- erly and easterly from which the land has a gradual elevation, to the foot of Cardigan mountain, in Orange. Smith’s river flows through the town ina southeasterly direction, having many tributaries, among which are Whittier and Mill brooks,which unite at East Grafton. The streams in the extreme west- ern part flow west into Enfield, while Wild meadow brook, in the northeast- ern part, flows south into Danbury. There are also a number of natural ponds or lakelets, the largest of which is Grafton pond, in the western part, which has an area of about three hundred acres. Spectacle pond lies partly in Enfield, Tewksbury pond lies in the northern part of the town, Halfmoon Pond in the southern part, Wild meadow pond in the eastern part, while several others are found in the central part. In the northwestern part of the town is a remarkable ledge, called the “Pinnacle.” On the south side the ground rises by a gradual ascent to the summit ; but on the north side it rises nearly perpendicular over one hundred and fifty feet. About 4oo feet above the base of Glass hill is found a very valuable quarry of mica, which has been extensively quarried. It is known as the Ruggles mine, and George H. Randall is the present superintendent. From the summit of this hill a very delightful view of the surrounding coun- try may be obtained. On John’s hill, about a mile southwest from Glass TOWN OF GRAFTON. 277 hill, beryls of a large size are found. The Northern railroad passes through the town, following the course of Smith’s river. In 1880 Grafton had a population of 933 souls. In 1885 the town had eleven school districts, and eleven common schools. Its eleven school- houses were valued, including furniture, etc., at $1,025.00. There were 220 children attending school, thirteen of whom were pursuing the higher grades, taught during the year by four male and fourteen female teachers, at an aver- age monthly salary af $24.81 for male, and $17.61 for females. The entire amount raised for school purposes during the year was $1,008.00, while the expenditures were $906.03, with Fred A. Stevens, superintendent. GRaFTON, a post village and station on the Northern railroad, lies in the southeastern part of the town. GRaAETON CENTER, a post village and station on the Northern railroad, lies in the southeastern part of the town. ; East GRAFTON is a small village located at the junction of Whittier and Mill brooks, in the eastern part of the town. Sumner R. Truell’s saw-mit?, in the western part of the town, was origin- ally built by a man named Johnson, about 1775. It was rebuilt by Colby & Whittier, in 1810, again by Phinneas Gage, in 1830, and by the present pro- prietor, in 1873. It has the capacity, for manufacturing 1,000,000 feet of lumber per vear, and has also planirig, matching, shingle and lath machinery. Samuel W. Barney's saw-mill, on road 42, was originally built by his father, Jarvis Barney, in 1827. It has the capacity for cutting about 100,000 feet of lumber per year. Walter H. Kilton’s saw-mill, at Grafton Center, was built by his father, James W. Kilton, in 1875. It has the capacity for cutting 200,000 feet of lumber per annum. Madison P. Sawyers grist-mill, at Grafton Center, was built by James W. Kilton, in 1877. It is operated by water-power, and is the only grist-mill in the township. John R. Smith's saw-mill, in the southern part of the town, was built by one of the early settlers, and was at one time run as agrist and saw-mill com- bined. It bas been owned by the present proprietor about twenty-eight years. Eben Gove’s saw and cider-mill, near East Grafton, was built by Jesse Braley, about twenty-five years ago. Arthur Kimball's shingle and clapboard-mill, at East Grafton, was origin- ally run as an axe manufactory and a grist-mill, and was converted into its present uses by Mr. Kimball. The settlement of the town was begun by Capt. Joseph Hoyt, in May, 1772, who came from Poplin. He was soon after joined by Capt. Alexander Pixley and wife. The settlement must have progressed rapidly, for the census returns for 1773 showed a population of 107 souls.’ Jacob Barney was the first child born in the town. The part the young town took in the Revolu- 278 TOWN OF GRAFTON. tionary struggle, was energetic, as is attested by the following account of services, rendered by the selectmen to the general court :— “Grafton, December y® 22, A. D. 1783. “A List of The Servis Dun In the war for said Town from the year 1775 untill Now : “June oth 1777 on the Alarm at tye 1 Capt—z2 Sargents—3 Privets—1 month 1 week 1 day “July ye 20 A D. 1777 at Benington 1 Lieut —1 Sargent—3 Privets—8 months 6 days “On alarm at Ticonteroga t Lieut —1 Sargent—4 Privets—3 weeks “On alarm at Ticonteroga t Capt —1 Lieut —1 Sargent—1g Privets—z2 years ro months “On alarm at The taking of Burgoine 1 Lieut —r1 Pack hoss—travell of the hors not paid “On alarm at Royalton 1 Capt —i Lieut —1 Sargent—1 Corporal—r18 Privets—3 Pack hoss 7 months—Travell of three horses 416 miles. Received Know pay for the larm “June A D 1780 at cohos 2 Privets—1 year— 4 months “At Peekskill 1776—1 Privet 3 months “At the Seders 17761 Privets 3 months. Lost articles to the value of £6- 18-10 “On alarm 1777—1 Lieut 6 days “at cohos 1776—1r Privet 3 months “Inhabitants of said Town Before they came In tos Town have Dun 34 years g months 1 week Sarvis in other states. “A True Coppey of the Officers of said town and privets that has Dun servis In the other states. Select men for said town “N: B Said Town has had three men has sarved three years each andone going on his third year in the Continantal Sarvis for st Town” Capt. Joseph Hoyt, the first settler of the town of Grafton, came from Massachusetts, in 1772, and settled upon the place now owned by John Rus- sell, on-road 28, where he remained until his death. His son Ebenezer, who represented the town for twenty four years, married twice, and had born to him five children. Ebenezer S., son of Ebenezer, married Lucretia R. Cawell. Nine of his eleven children are now living, one of whom, Thomas J., married Ellen F. Barney, and has four children, and Augustus F., who married Ann M. Cole, has one son, and lives off road 45. Captain Daniel Drake, a native of Taunton, Mass., served in the Revolu- tion, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. Sybil, one of his eleven children, married Benjamin Bullock, and moved to Grafton about 1775, among the early settlers. Dolly, one of their seven children, married Joseph W. Page. Their two children, Sally and Joseph B., reside here, and the latter has been “Russell Mason TOWN OF GRAFTON, 279 ~selectman nine years, postmaster thirteen years, and justice of the peace ten ‘years. Sylvesier Martin came to this town, from Rehoboth, Mass., at an early day, ‘married Elizabeth Ford, and reared seven children. His son Asa W., who ‘served as sheriff of Grafton county for fourteen years, married Amy Martin, daughter of Joseph and Hannah (Wheeler) Flagg, and reared six sons and ‘two daughters. He died in 1876, aged seventy-six years. His son Charles Henry married Elida Clark, of Contoocook, N. H., served in the late war in ‘Co. F, 15th N. H. Vols., has two children, Charles Henry and Amy, and is a druggist in Concord. Richard lives in Manchester, and has two children, Josephine H. and Fred H. Jacob lives in Eureka, Cal. Levi Martin came from Rehoboth, R. I., to Grafton, as one of the early ‘settlers, and settled on Raizeo hill, where he kept a hotel. He married Annie Kilton and reared twelve children. One son, Levi, married Eunice Reed, of Grafton, and reared seven children. His son Samuel R. married Mercy French, of Sutton, N. H. Carlos S., one of his four children, married Emma J., daughter of Hiram and Patience Kyser, of Wilmot, and has five -children,—Ned D., Ethel M., Minnie F., Bert A.. and Charles T. They reside on the home farm, on road 47. James, son of Levi, Sr., married Janet Ford and reared twelve children. His son James M. married Martha, -daughter of David and Hannah (Story) Richards. Frances H., daughter of James M., married Martin Pierce, a stock breeder. They have two children, Elien L. and Mattie V., and live on road 24. . Samuel Davis came here from Massachusetts about 1781, and was the first settler upon a farm in the northwestern part of the town, where he re- ‘mained until his death. He married Ruth Stevens and reared six children. His son Dudley settled on the home farm, married twice, first, Achsah Ballou, -and second, Hannah Homans. He reared ten children, all of whom attained an adult age. His son George W. married Sally Martin, of Grafton, has had born to him two children, Mary Ann, now deceased, and Benjamin F., and hives off road 32. Benjamin F. married Julia A. Robinson, has one child, Estella M., and resides on the home farm of his father. Alexander Williams, son of Samuel, who served in the Revolution, was a native of Taunton, Mass., came to Grafton, in 1786, at the age of five years, and was among the first settlers on road 41. He married Candace Martin and reared ten children. His son Martin married Angeline Caswell, and .died on the way to California, in 1851. Leroy D., son of Martin, married Ellen, daughter of Jeremiah and Jane (Sanborn) Philbrick, of Springfield, N. H., and is a merchant at Grafton Center. Samuel Williams, a pensioner of the Revolution, came to Grafton, from Rainham, Mass., at an early day, married Mercy Case and reared four chil- dren. His eldest son, Samuel, Jr., married Jean Bullock, of Grafton. Two of his nine children are living, Mrs. Annie Walker and Benjamin. The latter married twice, first, Serepta Barney, who bore him two. children, Horace B. 280 TOWN OF GRAFTON. and Ellen H. Tucker. He married for his second wife Deborah J: Storey, and has had born to him two children, Benjamin and Josephine (Mrs. Whitford), Rufus. son of Samuel, Jr., married Lettice, daughter of Eleazer Smith, and reared six children. His son Alfred S. married Sarah Ann, daughter of Abram and Annie (Leavitt) Sanburn, and has four children, namely, Clara E., Simeon R., Alanson W. and Ichabod F. He resides on road 12. Eli Haskins, born in 1759, served in the Revolutionary war when sixteen years of age, and came to Grafton, from Taunton, Mass., as one of the early settlers, locating on road 27. He married Rhoda Drake and reared eight children. His son Asa L. married twice, first, Lucy A. Collins, who bore him eight children, and second, Betsey Lattimer. He died in December, 1884, aged seventy-eight years. His widow still retains the home farm. His. grandson, John A. Jones, married Carrie L. Gray, of Orange, has one child, Harry, and resides in this town. : Aaron Barney was one of the early settlers of this town, and occupied the farm where Evan G. Haskins now lives. He married twice and reared five children. His son Jarvis married Fanny Williams and reared six chil- dren, four of whom are living. His son Samuel W. married Caroline, daughter of Jeremiah and Mary (Wiggins) Whitney, has two children, Albina. M. and Flora E., and resides on the home farm of his father. Hiram, brother of Samuel W., married Andalucia P. Smith, has three children, Fred W., Fannie M. and Eddie, and resides in town, John Barney, son of Aaron, married Anna Smith, and reared ten children. His son Jedediah married three times, first, Melaney Williams, second, Eunice Blackman, and third, Nancy Davis Lafayette T., one of his eight children, married Victoria, daughter of Richard and Sylvia (Dwiner) Cole, and has. four children, Harlan W., Eva J., Almond H. and Grover L. He lives on the farm which has been occupied by five generations of the Barney family, off road 43. Mr. Barney has held the office of selectman and representa~ tive. Cyril Barney, son of Aaron, and grandson of Aaron, married twice, first,. Polty Kilton, and second, Sarah Martin. Jarvis, one of his six children, married. Jane, daughter of Francis and Elizabeth (Hickey) Scotney, and has: four children, Frank E., Alice J., Fred W. and Clarence E. They reside on road 45. Cyril’s son Aaron married Sarah Kimball and reared three chil- dren, namely, Cyril H., Alcena H. and Charles. The latter married Mrs. Phebe A. Brown, daughter of Ezra T. and Elmira (Kimball) Gifford, and lives on road 28. He is of tne eighth generation of Barneys in this town. Jabez Barney, son of Aaron, who came here from Rehoboth, Mass., at an early day, married a Miss Barney, and reared eight children. His son-John married Nancy Martin, and reared eight children. Jesse, son of John, mar- ried Elvira, daughter of Simeon and Jane (Williams) Hale, and has four children, namely, William H., of Montana Territory, George S., Jennie S- * and Nellie M. Mr. Barney is town representative. Be. TOWN OF GRAFTON. 281 Eleazer Smith settled in this town at an early day, on the place where W.. C. Buffum now resides. He had born to him seven children, one of whom, Israel, married Mary Reed. Frank R., one of his four children, married Sarah E., daughter of Lovel and Sally (Currier) Kilton, of Enfield, has two- children, Lillian A. and Carrie L., and resides on what is known as the Kil. ton farm, on road 41. Jesse Bucklin came here from Rhode Island, and was an early settler on road 37. He reared eight children, one of whom, James, married Lydia Tucker.. Albert M., the eldest son of the four children of James M., married Polly, daughter of Sewell and Martha (Dean) Rollins, and has four children, namely, Ebenezer P., George A., Alpheus S. and Sewell A. He resides on: road 47. Charles Bucklin, one of the eight children of Jesse, married Choice: Cole, and reared six children, three of whom are now living, viz. : Charles W., James and Milo. The latter married Mrs. Calista Bucklin, of Canaan, daughter of Reuben and Susan (Lathrop) Goss, and resides on what is known as the Benjamin Cole farm, on road 35. Mrs. Calista Bucklin has two children by her first husband (Alonzo- Bucklin), namely, Anna B. and Emma. * Isaac Dean, one of the early settlers of this town, came here from Massa-- chusetts, married Theodora Robinson, and reared seven children. His son Isaac D., 3d, married Elizabeth Wood, of Lebanon, and reared seven chil- dren. His son Watson married Mary Jones, and has four children, David B., Sarah E, Charles H. and Josiah R. The last mentioned married Edna, daughter of John H. and Mary (Russell) Prescott, has one child, Herman E. Aaron Rollins came to Grafton, from Deerfield, N. H., was an early settler” on road 47, and reared two sons and one daughter. His son, Horace R., who lived and died on the home farm, married Hannah M. Wadleigh, and reared five children. His son Henry O. married Arrolin, daughter of Samuel and Sally (Sanborn) Clifford, of Enfield, and has five children, viz. : Arthur 'H., Weston C., Bessie A., Willis H. and Belle M. He lives on the home- stead of his grandfather. Elijah Rollins resided in Deerfield, N. H., but died in Sanbornton in 1809, aged fifty years. He married twice, first, Mary Prescott, of Kensington, who- bore him four children, and second, Mary Chase, of Deerfield, and had born to him seven children. His son Ebenezer married Betsey Rollins, of Deer- field, N. H., and reared eight children. Gilbert W., son of Ebenezer, mar- ried Savalla, daughter of John Barney, 2d, and has two children, viz.: Heien A. Williams, of this town, and Albion W., who resides in Franklin, N. H. Mr. Rollins resides in town, and has been justice of the peace for forty years. Luther Cole came to this town at an early day. He reared seven children, one of whom, Richard, married Sylvia Dwinells, of Harvard, Mass. Four of the seven children of Richard are living, namely, Jane, Ann M., Victoria and George H. The last mentioned married Katie A., daughter of Thomas and Hannah Almond, of Bombay, N. H., and has one child, Edith S. He has- « been selectman three years, and resides on road 38. 282 ‘TOWN OF GRAFTON. James Riddle settled here at an early day, on a farm in the southeastern ‘part of the town; near the corner of road 46 and 47, married Sally Ford, and eared eight children. His wife died in 1845, aged seventy-four years, and his death occurred September 28, 1854, at the age of eighty-three years. His son John married Polly Robinson, of Springfield, N. H., and located on a farm where his son Neriah now lives. He had born to him four children, James, Ira, Andrew J. and Neriah. He was justice of the peace thirty years, and died in 1884, aged ninety vears, his wife having died in July, 1865, aged ‘seventy-two years. His son Neriah married Charlotte S., daughter of Timothy and Hannah Davis, of Springfield, N. H., and lives on the home- “stead. Enoch Prescott came to Grafton. from Deerfield, N. H., at an early day, -and reared a family of ten children. His son Chase, who served in the War of 1812, married Nancy, daughter of Adam.and Betsey (Thurston) Blackman, -of Gilmanton, N. H., and reared twelve children. James S., son of Chase, married Sarah Dean, and has two children, Clara E. and Harry L. Judson V. B., son cf Charles, married Lizzie J., daughter of Iddo and Sally (Buswell) Webster, of Wilmot, and had born to him five children, namely Fred W., Laura A., Myra E., Bertha J. and Blanche E. He died November 13, 1882: Bis widow and children still reside in town. Daniel Caswell came to Grafton, from Rehoboth, R. I., as one of the early ‘settlers. Daniel, one of his five children, married Delia Davis, of Andover, N. H., and had born to him two children, Delia Severance, now deceased, and John. The latter, who served in the late war, in Co. F., 15th N. H. ‘Vols., and draws a pension, married Alice, daughter of Ezra and Judith (Bur- bank) Tucker, and has two children, Albert B. and Willie G. He resides -on the corner of roads 31 and 32. Jonathan Buffum moved to Westmoreland, from Rhode Island, afterwards -came to Grafton, and built the first grist-mill in town. He married Ruth Joslin and reared eight children. His son Joseph married Mary Corliss, of Alexandria, and located in Grafton in 1812. William C., one of the eight children of Joseph, lives in Grafton, He married Mary, daughter of James, and Hannah (Snow) Spooner, and has four children, namely, Joseph, Edwin, Seth and Lizzie (Mrs. Daniel Floyd). Josiah Stevens, a pensioner of the Revolution, was the first settler on the ‘Stevens farm, and died May 20, 1827, aged seventy-two years. His son Josiah, who came here at the age of seven years, occupied the home farm, and married Rachel Homan. He died November 13, 1864, aged eighty years. -Of his two children, Alvah and Wyman, the former marrried Harriet E., -daughter of David and Polly (Curtis) Hutchinson. Two of his four children are living, Fred A. and Albert B., who 1 ve on the home farm, now occupied by the fourth generation of the Stevens family. This place is located in the northwestern part of the town, on road 23. Benjamin Bullock came to Grafton, from Rehoboth, R. I., married Sybil + hated TOWN OF GRAFTON. 283 Drake and reared seven children. His son James married Sarah Page, and located on a farm in this town. James B., one of the six children of James, married Rhoda, daughter of Thomas C. and Rhoda H. (Wheelock) Hoyt, and has five children, namely, Belle J., Alberto J., Rosa E., Sarah A. and Sybil A. Mr. Bullock served in tbe late war, in Co. F, r5th N. H. Vols., and was honorably discharged. He resides on road 20. James M. Kilton, one of the seven children of Otis, who settled here at an early day, married Sally Ford, and reared twelve children. His son Marcus M. married Eva M., daughter of Roswell and Sarah (Little) Gage, and has three children, Fanny M., Ray and Madge E. Moses Follansbee moved to Enfield, from Massachusetts, at an early day, married Priscilla Heath, and reared elevenchildren. His son John married Susan Pattie, of Goffstown, served in the Revolution as a body-guard under ‘General Sullivan and also under General Washington. He finally located in ‘Grafton, where he died at the age of eighty-one years. Edward E., the only one of his eleven children now living, married Eliza A., daughter of George and Nancy A. Potter, and has three children, William B., John E. and Daniel. He resides on the home farm of his father. Jonathan Aldrich married Dorothy Drake, and was a life-long resident of this town. George, one of his ten children, married Elsie Reed, and reared ten children, three of whom are living, namely, Maria, Mrs. Elsie Watson, of New York city, and Mary. He died at the age of sixty-two years. His widow resides on the home farm on road 20. Thomas Hale. came to Grafton, from Bedford, N. H., in 1815, and located in the southern part of the town, upon the farm where C. Smith now lives. Abner, one of his eight children, married Rebecca Williams, and reared ten children. Hiram S., son of Abner, married Roene, daughter of Elbridge G. and Nancy (McKinney) Little, has one son, Harry, and resides off road 21. Moses Little served in the Revolution. Thomas Hale, a native of Nottingham West, N. H., reared six children. His son Simeon B. was a farmer, matried Jane Williams, and reared seven children. Sewall, son of Simeon B., married Sarah A., daughter of Jesse and Sally (Whitney) Cole, and has one son, George C. He has been a life- long resident of this town, and served in the late war, for which services he | receives a pension. Richard Heath, an early settler of Grafton, located off road 37, and reared five children. His son Sargent married Eliza Stevens, and reared eight chil- dren. Richard W., son of Sargent, married Nancy M., daughter of George ‘W. and Mary'A. (Stevens) Gibson, of Springfield, N. H., and has six chil- .dren, namely, Aurilla, Ida M., Amber A., Henry S., Warren C. and Lura. He was a soldier in the late war, in Co. F, 15th N. H. Vols., and was hon- orably discharged. Reuben Heath came to Grafton in 1847, married Alice Nichols, of Deer- ing, N. H. Andrew S., one of his ten children, married Sarah A., daughter 284 TOWN OF GRAFTON. of Edward F. and Sarah (Bowen) Baldwin, and has four children, viz.: Gil- bert E., Mace C., Warren A. and George A. The last mentioned married. Emma L, daughter of Lorenzo B. and Elizabeth (Briggs) Braley, and resides: on road 17. David Truell came to Grafton, about 1800, locating near Grafton pond, married Abigail Phillips, of Plymouth, N. H., and reared seven children, four of whom are living. One of these, Hiram, married Nancy Russell, of Rindge,. and occupied a farm near his father. Five of his seven children are living, one of whom, Sumner R., has married twice, first, Susan Hutchinson, of Bristol, who bore him two children, Charles P. and Alfred H. He married. for his second wife Mrs. Florina W. Felch, and lives on the home farm. Daniel Hook, a native of Deering, N. H., came to Grafton, about 1830,. and located on a farm on road 33 corner 34. He married Priscilla Travis, of Deering, and reared four children. His son Jesse G. married Clarissa. Fowler, and reared three children, namely, Jesse G., now deceased, Priscilla E. and Daniel. The latter married Mrs. Charlotte Clifford, daughter of Calvin. and Huldah (Sabin) Adams, and has two children, Elmer D, and Dana E. He resides on road 57. Daniel Garland, a resident of Elliot, N. H., married Sally Kennard, and reared three children. Daniel, Jr., married Charlotte, daughter of Abraham. and Polly (Brown) Caswell, and reared nine children. His widow resides. here, and two daughters, Sally and Calista, live at home. Dr. Henry A. Weymouth, of Andover, N. H., married Louisa Young, and: has three children. His son George W. married Minnie T., daughter of Jerry and Mary J. (Strong) Morgan. He js a graduate of Dartmouth college, and. is now a practicing physiciam and surgeon in Grafton. Thomas Hibbard came from England, about the time of the Revolution- ary war, and served as a general in that war. Elisha, one of his five children, married Sally, daughter of Nehemiah and Sally Barnett, and reared five chil- dren. His son Elisha B. married twice, first, Julia Brown, who bore him one son, Harry L., and second, Salome C., daughter of Joseph and Lucinda (Clifford) Sullaway, and has one daughter, Mrs. Nettie Emerson, now of Franklin Falls. Mrs. Emerson has one son, George A. Dennis Buckley, a native of Ireland, came to this country in 1846, married. Julia Kern, and reared six children. His son Dana E. married Mary, daughter of Calvin S. and Huldah (Sabins) Adams, and has three children, Nellie A., Meta A. and Charles D. He lives on road 48. Robert A. Martin came from Scotland, about 1824, married Aramintha Barney, of Grafton, and had born to him two children, namely, Harriet, now deceased, and Edson H. The latter married Mrs. Anna S. Caswell, daughter “ of Horace B. and Eveline Williams, and resides in Grafton. Newman A. Huntley, a native of Enfield, married Caroline Gaylord and reared ten children, six of whom are living. His son William G. married Susan E., daughter of Jotham H, and Lucinda (Clark) Fletcher, of Platts- TOWN OF GRAFTON. 285 ‘purg, N. Y., and resides on road 33, corner 34. He served in the navy of the late war, and was honorably discharged. Jotham H. Fletcher, father of Mrs. William G. Huntley, was a soldier in the war of 1812, .and her grand- father, Edmond Clark, served in the Revolution. Jesse Jones, a native of Derry, N. H., married Hannah Kidder, of Hud- son, N. H., and reared six children. His son Benjamin married Betsey Powell, of Litchfield, N. H. William R., son of Benjamin, married twice, first, Frances H. Senter, of Hudson, N. H., who bore him four children, namely, Flora J. Luncklee, of Nashua, Charles L., Mary F. Clark, of Bridge- port, Conn., and Carl L. He married for his second wife, Georgiana V. Senter, of Hudson, N. H. They live on a farm on road 37. Phineas Gage moved to Enfield, from Concord, N. H., at the age of ‘twenty-five years, and was one of the early settlers. He married Phebe Eaton, of Candia, N. H., and reared twelve children. His son Jesse E. mar- tied Hannah T. Sweatland, of East Lebanon, N. H., and reared five children, three of whom are living, namely, Lura Milton, of East Canaan, Phebe Shad- dock, of San Francisco, Cal., and Roswell. The latter married Sarah F., daughter of Elbridge G. and Nancy (McKinney) Little, and has four chil- dren, viz.: Ella R. McElwain, of Enfield Center, Eva M. Kilton, of Grafton Center, Emma J. Town, of Boston, and Fred. Mr. Gage resides on road 38, corner 32. James Wentworth, a resident of Ossipee, N. H., married Lydia Perse, and ‘reared twelve children. His son, James M., who located in Jamaica Plain, Mass., married Elizabeth P. Humphrey, of Dorchester, Mass., and was a ‘soldier in the late war, serving in Co. F. 47th Mass. Vols. Five of his ten children are living, one of whom, James F., married Mary A., daughter of Levi and Nancy B. (Doe) Champion, of Jamaica Plain, and has two children, Levi F. and Anna M. He resides on road 32. John Waldron, a native of Dover, N. H., moved to Wilmot, married Sarah ‘Collins, of Ware, and reared ten children. His son Jesse married Mary Ann, daughter of James and Jeanette Martin, of Grafton, and has four children, viz.: Gilbert, Charles E., Mrs. Jane Masten, of North Andover, Mass., and Lennie. Mr. Waldron resides on road 38. John Morrell moved to Springfield, from Ware, N. H., where he remained until his death, at the age of ninety-two years. He married twice, and reared five children. His son John married Harriet Brown, and reared nine chil- dren. Charles, son of John, Jr., married Olive C. Dean, of Springfield, N. H., and has five children, namely: Warren C., Alfred A,, Lucian P., Olive L. and Anna. He lives here on road 46 cor 47. Peter Smith moved to Danbury, from Derry, N. H., where he died about 1841. He married Molly Taylor, of Hampstead, N. H., and reared seven children. His son Joseph married Polly, daughter of John and Achsah Rus- sell. John R., the youngest of his five children, married Mary E., daughter of Samuel and Harriet (Lane) Wadleigh, and has seven children, namely : - 286 TOWN OF GRAFTON. Elmer G., Alvin L., Mrs. Mary J. Tinkham, Mrs. Hattie A. Walker, Sam J., J. Warren and Grace O. Mr. Smith lives on road 45. Elmer G. married Viola A. Spaulding and has two children, Burnice E. and Henry J. Joshua Flanders, a Revolutionary soldier, was a resident of Canaan, mar- ried Margaret Pollard, and reared nine children. His sor Sylvester mar- ried Sarah Morse, of Canaan, and reared three children, namely: Julia. T. (Mrs. William Hall), of Canaan; William A., a lawyer of Wentworth, and George M. The latter married Maria C., daughter of George and Alsea (Reed) Aldrich, and has three children, Bertha M., Sarah E. and Georgia. He resides on the farm where he has lived for the last twenty-five years, on rood 1. James Hadlock, a native of Waterford, Vt., was a mechanic, and married Mary J. Fifield, of Bethlehem Plains, N. H. Stephen O., one of his eleven children, married Mary E., daughter of Daniel Straw, of Grafton, has one son, Arthur J., and lives here, on road 20. Ebenezer Gove was a resident of Sanbornton, N. H., married Hannah Phil- brick, and reared six children. His son Page P. married Eliza Collins, of Corinth, Vt., and had born to him three children, namely, Lydia M., Put- nam, of Newbury, Vt., and Eben. The latter married Hannah E., daughter of Hiram and Hannah (March) Pierce, of Moria, N. Y., and has three chil- dren, namely, Hattie M. Bullock, of Grafton, Lizzie L. and Alpheus P. Mr, Gove served three years and three months in the late war, in 1st N. H. Bat- tery. He now resides on road 27. Othaniel Young, a Revolutionary soldier, was a resident of Burrillville, R. I., married Esther Phillips, and reared eleven children. His eldest son, Peleg, married Ruth Albee, of Mendon, Mass. Parley, one of the seven children of Peleg, came to Grafton, from Smithfield, R. I, in 1857, married Susan B. Lawton, of Fall River, Mass., and has reared eleven children, four of whom are living, namely, Albert L., Charles, Harriet and Ella. He resides on road 27. Capt. David Beckford was a resident of Salem, Mass., married Sally Ed- monds, and reared seven children. He was a captain in the navy, and was. lost at sea. His son Hénry S. was a woolen manufacturer, married Mary Ann Perry, and reared nine children. He came to Grafton, where he died March 23, 1883, aged seventy-six years. His son Benjamin P. married Mary E. Emerson, of. Salem, N. H., and had born to him one daughter, Roxana. He died in Bristol, January 31, 1867. His widow resides in town, on road 27. Aaron Kimball was born May 18, 1788, and died October 7, 1832, aged forty-four years. Aaron R., one of his nine children, married Hannah R., daughter of Stephen and Hannah Kimball. His five children, Almina J,, Selden, Perley, Persus R. and Arthur, are living. Arthur married Lamar, daughter of George N. and Amanda M, (Davis) Ford, of Danbury, N. H., has one son, Archie E., and resides on road 27. Peter Folsom, a native of Gilmanton, N. H., married Abigail Sanburn and TOWN OF GRAFTON. 287 reared six children. His son Ira L. married Hannah M., daughter of Royal. and Susanna (Elliot) Hale, of Boscawen, and had born to him two children, Charles L. and Elvirus F. Mr. Folsom came to Grafton from Alexandria, in 1871, and was engaged in'the dry goods business, at East Grafton. He died February 2, 1874, aged fifty-seven years. His widow died Februay 11, 1874, aged fifty-eight years. Charles L. and Elvirus F. are merchants at East Grafton. Asa Kendall, a Revolutionary soldier, was a resident of Hebron, N. H., | and had born to him six children. His son Asa married Sarah Emmons, of Bristol. Henry C., one of his eight children, married Francelia, daughter of Enos Hoyt, has two children, Clinton W. and Raymond H., and resides on road 7. Robert Johnson, a Revolutionary soldier, was a native of Rockingham, where he lived until his death, at the age of ninety years. He reared eight children, one of whom, Philanthropy, married Sarah Reed, of Rockingham, Vt. His youngest son, Henry C., married Hannah D., daughter of John, Jr., and Margaret (Dow) Carter, of Concord, has one son, George H., and resides on road 7. . John Gifford, son of Benjamin, was a resident of Westport, Mass., married Ruth Luther, and reared twelve children. His son Peleg married Phebe Brownell, of Westport, Mass. Ezra T., one of his seven children, married Almira Kimball, and has eight children, viz Phebe A., Adelaide and Ellen, twins, Ezra L., Walter, Thomas W., Loreuzo N.and Mary. He resides on road 16. Ebenezer Tinkham, a soldier in the Revolutionary war, was a resident of Lyme, and reared six children. His son Cyrus married Betsey Kemp, of Pomfret, N. H., and reared six children. Fayette, son of Cyrus, married Clarissa S., daughter of Rufus and Lettice (Smith) Williams, and had born: to him five children, namely, Charles C., Edwin L., John W., Susan K. and. Lettie J. John W. married Mary J., daughter of John R. and Mary E. (Wadley) Smith, and has five children, viz.: Anna J., Frank A., Ada B., Lena E. and Florence A. He now lives with his mother, in Grafton. Asa George, whose ancestors came from England, was a resident of Wash- ington, Vt., married Sally Worthley, of Ware, N. H., and reared eleven chil- dren. He diedat the age ofeighty years. His son Stephen married Susanna Allen, of Vermont, and had born to him twelve children. Stephen, Jr., mar- ried Lucina P. Hill, of Gratton, and has had born to him, seven children, one of whom, Mrs. Mary S. Ford, of Danbury, N. H., is living. His wife died December 17, 1860. Mr. George was a soldier in the late war, in Co. F., 15th N: H, Vols., and was honorably discharged. He now resides in East Grafton. Fredon Perkins married Lydia Cressey, of Beverly, Mass. Israel, one of his six children, married Emma B., daughter of George N. and Amanda M. (Davis) Ford, of Danbury, N. H., and has two children, Annie S. and Paul G. H. They reside in Grafton village. 288 TOWN OF GROTON. Robert Fowler was a resident of Sullivan county, N. H., and reared sixteen -children. His son Robert married three times, his first wife being Anna Bean. Andrew J., one of Robert’s sixteen children, married Julia A., daughter of Joseph C. and Mary (Barber) Wilkins, and has four children, namely, Mary L., Lizzie A., Clarence A. and George A. He resides on road 26. I. H. Glover, of Woodstock, N. H., came to this town, in 1864, and located on road 15. He served in the late war, in Co. C, 13th N. H. Vols., and -came to the place where he now lives about nine years ago. He has served as selectman for the past two years. The Union church, located at Grafton Center, was organized by people of © the Baptist, Methodist and Christian persuasions, in 1800, Rev. Oliver Will- iams being the first pastor. The church building, erected that year, will seat 300 persons and is valued at $2,500.00. The society now has twenty-five members, with Rev. Lorenzo Bailey, pastor. The Union church, \ocated at East Grafton, was organized by twenty mem- bers, of Methodist, Baptist and Christian persuasion, in 1843, Rev. Stephen George being the first pastor, The church building, erected in 1843, will “seat 250 persons, and is valued at $1,200.00. The society has twenty-five members, with Rev. Lorenzo Bailey, pastor. ROTON lies in the southern-central part of the county, in lat. 43° 44,° and long. 72° 48’, bounded north by Rumney, east by Hebron and Plymouth, south by Orange and Alexandria, and west by Dorchester. The township was originally granted, under the name of Cockermouth, to George Abbott and others, July 8, 1761. Through non-conformance with the conditions of the charter, however, this grant was forfeited, and the terri- ‘tory was re-granted, to John Hale and others, November 22,1766. These proprietors also failed to comply with the charter conditions, though they effected some settlements and improvements in 1770; but, on the 24th of January, 1772, Governor Wentworth granted them an extension of three years in which to make the delinquincy good. The name Cockermouth was ‘retained, notwithstanding several petitions to have it changed, until Decem- ber 7, 1796, when an act of the legislature was passed establishing the pres- ent name of Groton. In 1792 a portion of the town was set off to form, with a portion of Plymouth, the present township of Hebron, and by an act approved June 26, 1845, a tract of land known as the ‘“ Gore,” and some -other lots, were severed from Hebron and annexed to Groton, other than which no changes have been made in the boundary of the township, which has an area of 16,531 acres. The surface of Groton is rough, uneven and picturesque. Bailey and Fletcher Hills, in.the northern part. Baldhead mountain and Kimball hill, an the eastern and southeastern parts, and Powers hill, in the central part of TOWN OF GROTON. 289 the town, are the principal elevations. In the southern part of the town lies the deep, picturesque valley of Cockermouth river. This stream has a num- ber of tributaries, the largest of which is Punch brook, and flows east into Hebron, where it forms one of the principal inlets of Newfound lake. Hall’s brook winds around Bailey hill and thence flows north, emptying into Baker’s river, in Rumney. This stream, pure and clear as crystal, dances among the giant bowlders which vainly strive to repress its impetuosity, forming many cascades and eddies, while from its either bank rises the the evergreen hills, towering to the mountain heights above. Following its serpentine course is the “Brook road,” one of the the most picturesque drives in the county. Clark’s brook flows north from Groton Hollow, falling into Baker’s river. These streams all have a number of small tributaries and afford many fine mill-sites. Spectacle pond, lying on the eastern border, and Little pond, just east of the central part of the town, are two small bodies of water. The soil of Groton is principally a sandy loam, well adapted to grazing purposes, the principal crops being corn, oats, potatoes and buckwheat. A large portion of the territory is covered with valuable timber, principally beech, birch, maple, ash, spruce and hemlock, so that lumbering is an important industry, while large quantities of maple sugar are manufactured. Groton also enjoys the distinction of being the greatest mica producing district in the country. In 1880 Groton had a population of 566 souls. In 1885 the town had eight school districts and seven common schools. Its seven school-houses were valued, including furniture, etc., at $1,614.00. There were 128 ‘chil- dren attending school, ten of whom were pursuing the higher grades, taught during the year by ten female teachers, at an average monthly salary of $18.92.’ The entire amount raised for school purposes during the year was $554.70, while the expenditures were $520.96, with Josie Colburn, superintendent. Groton, a small post village located in the southeastern part of the town, on Cockermouth brook, has three saw and shingle-mills, a blacksmith shop, doctor’s office, and about twenty dwellings. ‘ Nortu Groton, a post village in the northern part of the town, on Hall’s brook, has one church (Union), a store, machine shop, saw and shingle-mill, blacksmith shop, and about twenty dwellings. The Valencia Mica Mining Co.,\ocated at North Groton, E. M. Simpson, president, Henry Bradstreet, secretary, and William F. Simpson, superintend- ent, has a stock capital of $150,000.00. The company employs seventy hands, and turns out about 1,400 pounds of mica per day. The Hartford Mica Mining Co., of Hartford, Conn., organized under the laws of Connecticut with a capital of $300,000.00, has valuable mines on Kimball and Fletcher Hills. The saw-mill of Charles Spaulding, of Rumney, on Clark’sjbrook at Groton Hollow, turns out about 1,000,000 feet of lumber per annum. 19* 290 TOWN OF GROTON. Charles F. Wheet’s saw, shingle, planing, clapboard, and cider-mill, on Halls. brook at North Groton, does a large amount of custom work and has the capacity for cutting 5,000 feet of lumber per day. Artemas B. Crosby's steam saw-mill, on Cockermouth river, manufactures. about 500,000 feet of lumber per year. Ichabod P. Hardy's saw and shingle-mill, on Little Pond brook, turns out about 100,000 feet of lumber and 100,000 shingles per annum. John E. Muzzey’s saw-mill,on Hardy brook, manufactures various kinds of lumber. . Lemuel C. Kendall's steam saw-mill, shingle-mill and bobbin ana chair-stock factory is located on Cockermouth river. Lsaac N. Ford's steam saw-mill, on road 8, manufactures large quantities. of hard and soft wood lumber. The settlement of the town was begun in 1770, by Phineas Bennett, James. Gould, Captain Ebenezer Melvin, Jonas Hobart, Samuel Farley and others. The settlement increased rapidly, for in 1773 the population amounted to- 107 souls, and two years later, 1775, it had increased to 178. Phineas Ben- nett built the first cabin in the town, though its exact location is uncertain,. we believe. One tradition has it that the house stood a few rods south of the present dwelling of Oramel W. Hunkins, while another places the site in the Remic neighborhood, about a mile further north. But be that as it may, he came back from Hollis in the spring of 1771, cleared a small lot of land and planted it with corn, which he harvested in the autumn and stored in his. cabin, returning to Hollis for the winter. When he and his wife came on the next spring, however, they were greatly disappointed to find that the wild an- imals had broken into the cabin and devoured their little store. Mr. Ben- nett was also the first to leave the state of single blessedness, and that the proprietors appreciated his enterprise in this respect is manifested by the fol- lowing vote, passed at a meeting held November 15, 1770, viz.: “ Voted, to: lay out fifty acres of land to Elizabeth Bennett, wife of Phineas Bennett, or her heirs or assigns, in consideration that she has moved up into town and. was married to the same Phineas Bennett.” The first proprietors’ meeting was held at Hollis, July 14, 1766, when Samuel: Hobart was chosen clerk; John Hall, moderator; Ensign Stephen Ames,. Lieut. Amos Eastman and Benjamin Cleveland, assessors; James Taylor, collector; and Samuel Hobart, treasurer. The first saw-mill was built by Jonathan Taylor, where Otis Phelps now lives, in 1771. A mill at North Groton was built at about the same time, near the present site of Charles F. Wheet’s mill. The first grist-mill on Cockermouth brook was built by Enoch- Noyes Near the present site of the Muzzey mill there once flourished an iron foundry, operated by Stephen Ames. As early as 1783 a distillery was built, where Hardy’s mill now stands. Tradition says that the beverage was habit- ually used by the pioneers, being especially popular at sheep washings, rais- TOWN OF GROTON. 298 ings, weddings, and at the dedication of churches, though drunkenness was almost entirely unknown. We have no list of the soldiers from Groton who served in the Revolution- ary war, but among them was Gideon Fletcher and John Hazelton. In the late great war the town furnished forty-seven men who went to the front, eight of whom were killed in battle or died from wounds or disease contracted while in the service. Henry Phelps came to Groton, from Hollis, and located where T. B. Ross now lives. He married twice, first, Hannah Nevins, who died in 1806, and second, Hannah Blodgett, who bore him two sons and five daughters. One son, Nathan, born in 1788, married Rebecca Otis, in 1810, and had born to him three sons and eight daughters. His son Nathan O., burn here in 1814, married Harriet Lucas, in 1841, who bore him one son and two daughters, namely, Charles O., of Manchester, Ruth Ann, who was born in 1850, and died in 1874, and Mary F., who married Ira C. Mosher in 1878. The latter has two sons and one daughter, namely, Harvey, Myron H. and Gracie M. Mr. Phelps has owned and occupied the Leonard Cheeney farm since 1842. John Case came to Groton just after the Revolutionary war, and located on the place where Elijah Swett now lives. He reared two sons and one daughter, of whom Israel married Betsey Bailey, who bore him two sons and three daughters. The second daughter, Ruth C., married Wilder B. Griffin. Only one of their six children, Addie M., is nowliving. The latter married Prescott. M. Plummer, in 1875, and has one son and one daughter, Henry I. and Lewella A. Mr. Griffin, was a soldier in the late war, and died in the army in 1863. Mrs. Ruth C. Griffin resides with her daughter, on the Grif- fin homestead on road 4. Josiah Wheet, who was born in 1761 and died in 1828, came to Groton, from Hollis, in 1794, and located on the place where Sylvester Wheet now lives. He married twice, first, Sarah Hayes, who bore him two sons and six daughters, and second, Hannah Reed, who bore him two sons and two daugh- ters, viz.: Col. Joseph, Betsey, who married John Bartlet, of Missouri, Lucy, who married Reuben H. Colburn, and Capt. Joseph. The last mentioned was born in 18:3, married Lucette, daughter of John and Lois (Buel) Kidder, in 1834, and reared three sons and four daughters, viz.: Charles F., Elizabeth, who married Charles Johnson, of Campton, N. H., Emily A., who died at the age of eighteen years, Lafayette, Alonzo W., Ella J., who was born in 1851, married Luther Bradley, and died in 1875, and Lura L., now Mrs. Elias Bailey, of this town. Capt. Joseph Wheet has been dead several years. His widow resides in town. His son Charles F. was born here, in 1835, and mar- ried Annie A. Bacon, widow of Charles P. Fish, who has one son by her first marriage, namely, Charles P. Mr. Wheet has two children, Luella and Ann Teanette. He owns a saw and lumber-mill, is a blacksmith and a farmer, and resides in North Groton. Lafayette, son of Joseph, was born in 1844, married Emma F. Colburn, in 1871, and has one son and three daughters, 292 TOWN ‘OF GROTON. namely, Marion J., Lucy L., Sadie L. and Carl R. Mr. Wheet occupies the John French farm, just north of the Union church. Alonzo W., son of Joseph, was born in Groton, in 1849, and married Georgiana Kelly, widow of Joseph Adams, in 1881. She was the daughter of Rev. Paul Chase, and has one child, Martha Adams, by her first husband. Mr. Wheet has had born to him one son, Willie F., and owns and occupies the Daniel Buel farm, on road 6. Joshua R., son of Josiah, was born in Groton, March 23, 1807, married Hul- dah, daughter of John and Lois (Buel) Kidder, August 25,1830. He reared four sons and four daughters, viz.: Sylvester, born June 21, 1836; Josiah, Dr. John C., born February £5, 1840, now a practicing physician at Bristol, N. H.; Alonzo J., who died in infancy ; Caroline B., born in 1832, now Mrs, Cummings Hall; Sarah A., born in 1834, now Mrs. Frank Smith, of Plymouth ; Huldah A., born in 1843, now Mrs. A. J. McClure, of Plymouth; and Mary Ann, born in 1850, who died in 1863. Caroline R., who married J. Cum- mings Hall in 1854, has had two sons and three daughters, namely, Alpha C., Carrie A., Ida A., Ira S. Wheet, and Anna. Mr. Hall was postmaster nine- teen years, and died November 30, 1884. His widow still retains the post- office at North Groton. Josiah, son of Joshua and Huldah (Kidder) Wheet, married twice, first, Hannah W. Southwick, in 1863, who bore him five sons, two of whom, Fred E. and Harvey A., are living. His first wife died in 1879, and he married for his second wife, Abbie A., daughter of A. J. McClure, in 1880, and has one daughter, Ava. Mr. Wheet isa farmer and owns and ocu- pies the I. D. Southwick homestead, on road 13. Sylvester, son of Joshua, married twice, first, Cynthia J. Whitcher, in 1858, who bore him four daugh- ters, namely, Hattie A., now deceased, Mary J., Edith F. and Hattie C. His first wife died April 8, 1877, and he married for his second wife, Mary L., daughter of Arthur L. and Mary E. Merrill, May 5, 1880, who has borne him one son and one daughter, Carrol S. and Ethel M. Mr Wheet is selectman, and occupies the homestead. This place, which has always been owned by the Wheet family, is located one mile west of the village, on road 5. Samuel Blood and his wife (Sally Bartlett) came to this town, from Groton, Mass., and located upon the place where Cyrus Blood now lives. Of his five sons and three daughters, Frank was born in 1797, married Sally, daughter of Henry and Jane (Merrill) Cummings, and had born to him three sons, viz.; Parker, born in 1826, Samuel, in 1830, and Cyrus, in 1838. Parker married Mahala, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Wheet) Phelps, in 1876. Mr. Blood, who has been a great student, has a private library of 1,000 volumes, a valuable collection of 1,200 pamphlets and soo newspapers. He is an honorary mem- ber of the New Hampshire Antiquarian Society, of the A. B. C. F. M., and of the Longfellow Memorial Association, of Cambridge, Mass. He is a mem- ber of the Pilgrim Society, of Plymouth, Mass., a life member of the Amer!- can Sunday-school Union, of Philadelphia, of the American Bible Society, the Home Missionary Society, the American Missionary Association, the American Tract Society, of New York, the Congregational Publication Soci- TOWN OF GROTON. 293 ety, the American Congregational Association, and the American Tract Society, of Boston, Mass. Mr. Blood served as town representative in 1864 and 1866. His wife died July 29,1882. He occupies the Phelps home- stead on road 8, corner 9. Richard Bailey, a Revolutionary soldier, located on Bailey hill, in this town, in £785, and reared six sons and four daughters. One son, Abel, was born in 1806, married twice, first, Alfreda Foster, in 1829, who bore hjm five sons and four daughters, and died in 1843 ; and second, Elizabeth Foot in 1844, and had born to him four sons and two daughters, namely, Abel, Charles, George W., Elias F., Ladena (Mrs. John Bryer) and Effie (Mrs. Ira Cum- mings). George W. was born in 1849, married Abbie E., daughter of John S. and Anna (Robinson) Brown, in 1868, and has one son and one daughter, Frankie I and Mabel. Mr. Bailey is foreman in the cutting shop of the Valencia mica mines, on road 54. Abel Colburn came here from Hebron at an early day, and located on the place where J. W. Keyer now lives. He married Betsey, daughter of Rich- ard and Hannah Bailey, and had born to him three sons and two daughters, namely, Lucinda, Zila, Abel, Betsey and Ezekiel, The last mentioned, born in 1800, married Johanna, daughter of Joseph and Abiah (Cheeney) Bartlet, in 1828. Of his children, Alzina (Mrs. Cyrus Moore) resides in Hebron, George E. lives in this town, and Henry H is a Congregational minister, at Salem, N. H. George E. was born in 1831, married Josie, daughter of Charles and Roxana (Divol) Temple, in March, 1869. Mrs. G. E. Colburn is superintending school committee of the town. William Crosby, son of Jaazaniah, was born in 1784, came to Groton in 1814, and married Sally Noyes, of Hebron, in 1806. He reared two sons and one daughter, namely, David, who was born in 1807, followed the occupation of teaching, and died in 1881; Elizabeth, who was born in 1810, married Elam Ross, and died in Hebron; and Abel L., who was born here in 1816. The latter married Pauline, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Wheet) Phelps, in 1838, and has one son and one daughter, Artemas B. and Mary P. The lat- ter, born in 1844, married H. L. Ingalls, of Concord, N. H., and has two daughters, Linna A. and Della L. Artemas B., born in 1839, married twice, first, Annette Hall, who died in 1876, and second, Mrs. Lizzie (Carleton) San- derson, in 1877. He is engaged in the manufacture of lumber, at Groton, Abel L. is a prosperous farmer, and resides on the homestead where he was born. Jonathan K. Bryer, son of David and Betsey Bryer, came to this town from Gilmanton, about 1840, married twice, first, Maria, daughter of J. B. Annis, in 1844, who bore him five sons, as follows: Clarence L., John A,, D. Parker, Herbert K. and Charles A. His first wife died in 1864, and he married for his second wife, Lydia, daughter of Prescott and Betsey Fellows, who has borne him three children, viz.: Anna, George B., and Leon B Charles A. Bryer, born in 1862, married Nellie M. Putney, in 1882, has two 294 TOWN OF GROTON. sons, Ernest K. and Merton M., and resides on road s1. Clarence L.., sonof Jonathan K., learned the blacksmith trade, married twice, first, Abbie M. Goss, in 1865, who bore him one son and one daughter, Clarence M., born in 1866, and Nellie M., who died in infancy. His wife died in 1868, and he married for his second wife Nancy E. Griffin, who bore him two sons and three daughters, viz.: Nancy M., now deceased, Herbert G., also deceased, Nellie R., Joseph P. and Satie N. Mr. Bryer served four yearsin the lute war, in Co. I, 4th N. H. Vols., and now resides on road 54. Horatio N. Bryer, son of Clark and Mary (Hall) Bryer, was born in Groton, in 1853, and married Mary E. Cummings, in 1876. Mr. Bryer owns and occupies the H. U. Hall place, on road 13, a farm of seventy-five acres, with valuable mica mines in prospect. Ira Wheeler, son of William and Annie (Davis) Wheeler, was born at Sut- ton, N. H., in 1826, moved to Orange when two years of age, and after liv- ing there a number of years, came toGroton. He married twice, first, Har- riet E. Holt in 1852, who bore him one son and two daughters, as follows: Alferetta (Mrs. E. K. Follansbee), of Hebron; Susan J. (Mrs. Charles Thisell) ; and Martin, now deceased. Mr. Wheeler’s first wife died in 1875, and for his second wife he married Lizzie E., daughter of Rufus and Martha Hazelton, in 1878, and has one daughter, Anna May, born in 1883. Dr. George A. Blodgett, son of Asahel and Sally (Clough) Blodgett, was born in. 1855, attended school at New Hampton and Harvard, and graduated from Dartmouth in 1884. He married Ellen D., daughter of Rufus B. and Martha Hazelton in 1883. Dr. Blodgett bought out D. John C. Wheet, at South Groton. Ebenezer Butterfield married Lucy Hobart in 1811. He came to Groton and located on Kimball hill. His children were as follows: Lucy (Mrs. J. T. Reed), Clarissa A. (Mrs. S. Fish), who died in 1852, Lydia H. (Mrs. D. Estey), of Groton, Fanny O. (Mrs. Noah L. Jewell), Ebenezer B., born in 1821, and Sarah (Mrs. Renssellaer Kendall), who died in 1858. Ebenezer. B. married Aurilla E., daughter of Lemuel and Philinda (Hastings) Kendall, in 1847, andhas had born to him two sons and five daughters, as follows: Lucia E., born in 1848, died in 1852 ; Eva A., born in 849, died in infancy,; Edward, born 1850, died in 1852; Eva E. (Mrs. Alvin Goodhue), of Groton . Addie T. (Mrs. G. H. Bailey), of Groton; Ida A. (Mrs. Albert Hobart); and Frank, born in 1857. The last mentioned married Anna M., daughter of Benjamin and Mary L. (Wheeler) Jewell, in 1884, and has one son, Hu- bert F. Mr. Butterfield resides road on 15. William F. Simpson, son of Capt. Edward and Harriet M. (Johnson) Simp- son, was born at Middle Haddam, Conn., in 1848, and when twenty-one years of age engaged in the coal trade and mining at Newburyport and Low- ell. He came to Groton in 1878, became superintendent of the Hartford Mica Company’s mines and is now superintendent of the Valencia Mica Co.’s mines, at North Groton. He married Abbie J., daughter of Capt. J. H. and TOWN OF HANOVER. 295 Clarissa A. (Russell) Sheldon, June 20, 1880, and has one son, William Ed- ward, born July 28, 1881. Mr. Simpson resides at Brookside cottage, on road 54. : Daniel Kidder, son of John and Betsey Kidder, was born in 1838, learned the machinist trade, and worked at Ashland, Natick, Boston and Franklin. In 1868, he became master mechanic on the Mt. Washington railroad. ‘The first locomotive for that road was built under his supervision, and run by him the first two years. He belonged to the firm of Aiken, Wilton & Kidder, manufacturers of surgical instruments, has had a shop at North Gro- ton, and is now master mechanic of the Whitefield & Jefferson railroad, and of Brown’s Lumber Company. He married Emeline F. Hardy in 1862, has one son and one daughter, Fred and Ada, and resides at North Groton. Charles G. Kidder, son of Jonathan and Mary (Dimond) Kidder, was born at Dorchester in 1844, married Lucinda B., daughter of Benjamin and Sarah A. (Kimball) Davis, in 1867, and has one son, George Davis, born in 1881. Congregational church.—A Congregational church was formed here in 1779, over which Rev. Samuel Perley, a graduate of Dartmouth in 1763, was settled and remained until 1735. The society flourished for a long time, but _finally became a part of the Hebron charge. The Union church at North Groton was built by persons of the Congrega- tional, Baptist, Free Will Baptist and Methodist denominations, in 1840. It js a neat wooden structure capable of seating 200 persons and is valued, in- cluding grounds, at $2,000.00. and long. 71° 7’, bounded north by Lyme, east by Canaan, south by Lebanon, and west by the west bank of Connecticut river. This town ‘was one of a block of four granted by Governor Benning Wentworth to per- ‘sons from Connecticut, July 4, 1761, in consequence of a petition presented in December, 1760, by Edmund Freeman and Joseph Storrs in behalf of themselves and about 240 others. The other towns of the block were Leb- anon, Hartford and Norwich, the last two being separated from the others by the Connecticut river, and now included within the limits of Vermont. The grantees of Hanover were as follows :— H ANOVER lies in the southwestern part of the county, in lat. 43° 45’ Daniel Allen, *Prince Freeman, Samuel Storrs, Phineas Allen, *Jonathan Freeman, Eleazur Stoddard, Herman Atwood, *Otis Freeman, Philip Squire, Peter Aspenwall, Steven Freeman, John Walbridge, Peter Aspenwall, Jr., William Farwell, *Deliverance Woodward, Prince Aspenwall, Samuel Herrick, *William Woodward, * Became actual settlers. 296 TOWN OF HANOVER, Elisha Adams, Joseph Habele, Jr., Elijah Walcott, Oliver Barker, *John House, Steven Walcott, John Bissell. Ebenezer Jones, Moses Walcott, Abraham Blackham, Jr., Noah Jones, *Tohn Wright, Jr., ° William Cary, _ William Johnson, Nathaniel Wright, *Jonathan Curtiss, John Parker, Nathaniel Hopkins, Malachi Conant, David Richardson, {Hon. John Deming, Esq. Ebenezer Dunham, Jr., Amos Richardson, Jr., tLampson Sheafe, Esq., Edmund Freeman, Ozias Strong, tMaj. John Wentworth, Edmund Freeman, Jr., Joshua Sherwin, {George March, | *Edmund Freeman, 3d, John Sherwin, +Dr. Matthew Thornton, Nathaniel Freeman, Joseph Storrs, fCol. Joseph Smith, Nathaniel Freeman, Jr., Joseph Storrs, Jr., {Maj Joseph Smith, Sylvanus Freeman, Jr., Huckins Storrs, tJohn Knight. *Russell Freeman. Huckins Storrs, Jr., In surface contour Hanover is a handsomely diversifid town, like most of those bordering on the Connecticut. In the eastern part, extending entirely across the town, is a high elevation called Moose mountain, having an alti- tude of 2,346 feet. To the east its slope is abrupt, terminating about on the town line of Canaan ; while to the west its slope is gradual, towards the Con- necticut. In the southern part of the town lies Hoyt’s hill, which, with the highlands of northern Lebanon, forms the southern part of the valley of Mink brook, the largest stream in the town, and which drops into the Connecticut near the lineof Lebanon. There are several other smaller streams, or brooks, all of which flow into the Connecticut. The other elevations of note are Lord’s hill, Pinneo or Prospect hill, aud Balch or Cory hill. In 1880 Hanover had a population of 2,149 souls. In 1885 the town had eighteen school districts, fifteen common schools, four graded schools, and one high school. The districts are now consolidated as will be seen further on. Its. eighteen schuol-houses were valued, including furniture, etc., at $16,650.00. There were 359 children attending school, sixty-five of whom were pursping . the higher grades, taught during the year by two male and twenty-four female teachers, at an average monthly salary of $26.00 for males, and $25.70 for females. The entire amount raised for school purposes during the year was $4,323.21, while the expenditures were $3,541.61, with William L. Barnes, superintendent. Hanover, located in the southwestern part of the town, is a fine post vil- lage that has grown up about the college buildings. The College District forms a “village fire precinct,” organized to a certain extent for fire purposes pursuant to law in 1793, and again in 1855. By recent legislation additional privileges have been obtained, whereby, under the direction of three commis- sioners, control is exercised over streets, sidewalks and sewers, the public * Became actual settlers. +Added at Portsmouth by the Governor. TOWN OF HANOVER. 207 health and other appropriate matter of. local administration. The precinct possesses two hand engines with ample supply of hose, and an excellent brick building of one story, which, besides furnishing accommodation for the fire apparatus, contains a small hall well adapted for ordinary public occasions It has also at every street corner capacious cisterns for fire purposes. To the many shade trees along the streets which the foresight of the village founders provided, there have been added in the past ten years more than four hun- dred elms and maples by the enterprise of a village tree association. The cemetery which occupies a most picturesque and romantic spot, highly favored by nature, has the benefit of the care of a similar association, by which it is controlied and beautified. The streets of the village and the public build- ings and many of the houses are lighted with gas from works established by private enterprise some fifteen years ago, and an abundant supply of excel- lent spring water is furnished by an aqueduct constructed also by private means. The latter was first laid in 1820, and has been twice since renewed. The supply is at present derived from nine springs, well walled up and pro- tected, situated entirely remote from dwellings and barns in a tract of land of roo acres about two miles from the college, on a hill side nearly a hundred feet above the level of the plain. A new main pipe of lead, two inches in diameter, was laid in 1880, at a cost of $5,000.00, and is capable of furnish- ing a maximum of about 15,000 gallons of water daily. The village has also a-savings bank, established in 1860, having now deposits of near $800,000.00 and a national bank of $50,000.00 capital, organized in 1865, both of which are housed in a brick building of two stories facing the college green. There is also a police court, organized under the statute in 1876. Erna is a post village on road 49, along Mink brook, in the southern part of the town. It was first called ‘‘Mill Neighborhood,” and, until 1883, ‘*Mill Village.” The oldest grist-mill used to be owned by David and Moses Woodward, about 1800. A carding and cloth-dressing mill was carried on by a Mr. Learnard, succeeding Henry H. Chandler, seventy-five years ago. A Mr. Cushman succeeded him, also Isaiah Walker. The first store was built by Asahel Packard, about 1823, or ’24, who kept store a number of years. Sanborn & Bunker succeeded him, followed by David Eaton, Isaac Davis, John Gould, Walter and Horace Buck and Knight. The latter sold to Joseph Tenney, in 1847. Various persons have occupied the store by lease since, until C. W. Hayes, the present proprietor, began, in 1883. The only -hotel ever kept in the village was started by Horace and Walter Buck, who kept it six or seven years, and sold to Knight and he to Mr. Tenney, in 1847. The merehants kept an accommodation postoffice, but no regular postoffice was established here until 1883. The usual small enterprises have also been carried on. The present village includes two stores, two saw-mills, grist-mill and jobbing shops and a score of dwellings, while the Baptist church: edifice is located about half a mile northeast. 298 TOWN OF HANOVER. HANOVER CENTER is a post village located in the central part of the town. Ruppszoro is the local name given the section of roads 51 and 52 near the corner of road 50. The name is derived from Gideon Rudd, an early ‘settler. Among the early settlers of this road were Hezekiah White, Daniel Dodge, John D. Kingsbury, a Revolutionary soldier, Lieutenant West, ‘Gideon Rudd, Thomas and Jasper Morris, and Stockman Swett, a Revolu- tionary soldier. ‘The latter married Molly Murch and reared two sons, Will- iam and Adin. Wo.rgeoro RoaD is the local name given the section of road 12 which “passes over Moose mountain. This name is derived from the fact that when ‘Governor Wentworth had a-country seat at Wolfboro, this road was built, di. rect from there to Dartmouth college, so that he might attend the commence- ment exercises. Tunis is the name given to the settlement east of Moose mountain. The ‘first clearing was made here in 1790, by a Mr. Stanley, from the vicinity of ‘West Farms. Common Schools.—In regard to common schools the town has differed little from others similarly situated. Outside of the College District the town has heretofore been divided into seventeen small districts, which are now, by the recent law, consolidated. The College District, known as No. 1, has always, from its fortunate position, enjoyed a degree of independence. Until 1807 tthe village school was generally held in rooms of the college buildings, which still bore the name of ‘‘ Moore’s Charity School ;” but there was, as might be expected, some degree of friction, and, in 1807, the village district committee resolved to build a school-house, and carried the resolve into execution with- out delay. Three times the house has been improved, enlarged and rebuilt, until now the school, in four well-filled departments, is housed in a handsome, commodious, well-appointed brick building of three stories, erected in 1877 at a cost of nearly $12,000.00. As early as 184-- the district was organized un- -der a special act of the legislature known as the ‘“ Someworth Act,” with the privilege of self-government, distinct from the rest of the town. These priv- ileges, extended by later authority, it still retains, and under the charge of a board of education comprising six prominent citizens, presided over by Hon. J. W. Patten, the schools here have reached a degree of perfection of which the people are justly proud. Between the years 1840 and 1863 there were also in successful operation from one to three private baarding schools for young ladies, abundantly patronized and in high repute; but all have now -ceased to exist. The Dartmouth Savings Bank of Hanover was organized September 11, 1860, the first bank established at Hanover. Daniel F. Richardson was treasurer for the first five years, being succeeded by N. S. Huntington, until July, 1878, when the present treasurer, C. P. Chase, was installed. Daniel Blaisdell was president from 1860 to 1875, when he died; S. W. Cobb, vice- ‘president, acted in his place until January, 1876, when Hiram Hitchcock be- TOWN OF HANOVER. 299 came president and served till May to, 1878; in July, 1878, N. S. Hunting - ton became president, and still occupies that position. In 186 5 the deposits aggregated $62,000.00, and in January, 1885, they had reached $717,093.93. Until 1870 the bank occupied quarters in the Tontine building; but in that year the present bank building was erected, a two-story brick structure lo- cated on the west side of the college campus, costing about $12,000.00. Lhe Dartmouth National bank, chartered February 22, 1865 commenced business September 1, 1865. Daniel Blaisdell, the first president, served ‘until his death, in August, 1875, John Loveland was president from }August to January, 1876, and Hiram Hitchcock from January, 1876, to May ro, 1878, when N. S. Huntington the present incumbent was chosen. He was cashier from 1865 to 1878, when C. P. Chase was chosen, The bank started with its present capital of $50,000.00. The Hanover Gaslight Company was organized in 1872, with an authorized ‘stock capital or $20,000.00, of which $12,000.00 is paid up. The gas works. located off College street, furnish forty meters per day to families and stores- ‘supply the college buildings, the churches, and light the streets. The present officers are Hon. J. W. Patterson, president; Prof. E. R. Rug gles, vice president ; C. A. Field, treasurer ; and Prof. B. T. Blanpied, secretary. The Dartmouth Hotel was built in 1814-15, by Col. Amos Brewster, and was first kept by aman named Martinette, though but for a year or two. Elam Markham purchased the property of Colonel Brewster about 1818, and in 1838 retired from the house, which he sold to G. C. Currier, who owned ‘it but leased to others the most of the time until 1857, when he sold to Hor- ace Frary, who carried on the business until his death, in 1882. John S. Williams, the present genial proprietor, purchased the property in 1884. Ledward O. Ingalls's grist-mill was built in 1828 by a Quaker named John Williams, and Shelden Tenney. It was purchasd by J. W. Spaulding, of the Fitch estate, in 1877, and by him was sold to the present proprietor, October 13, £885. It is fitted with tworuns of stones, grinds flour and feed, usually ‘doing about 10,000 bushels custom, and from ten to fifteen carloads merchant work per year, Ashingle-mill was added about seven years ago, which manu- factures 150,000 to 400,000 shingles per year. Hf. L. Huntington's saw-mill, at Etna, was purchased by him in 1882. It ‘is operated by water-power, contains a circular board saw, planer, and other machinery, and also a cider-mill. He manufactures for sale rough and dressed lumber, and does custom sawing and planing. The mill is operated during the spring and fall and produces about 250,000 feet of lumber and 250 to 300 barrels of cider per annum. C. P. Hinkson’ saw-mill.—Dea. Samuel Willis erected this saw-mill at the head of Goose pond, road 11, corner 8, and about 1835 sold to James East- man. The latter died suddenly, and his heirs sold to L. C. Pattee, who owned the mill until about two years ago, when he sold to C. P. Hinkson, who has recently rebuilt the mill. Dea. Samuel Roswell and Austin Willis were the 300 TOWN OF HANOVER. first settlers on road 8, and also built a distillery, on the farm Alonzo K. Me- lendy now owns. Smalley & Gould’s saw-mill, located on road 49, was built by them in 1871. It is operated by water-power, has circular and bench saws, a shingle machine, etc. It is operated only about three months in the year, doing custom work. Brown Brothers, manufacturing tinsmiths, with shops at Lebanon and Hanover, established about nine years ago, do a large retail business, and supply peddlers with goods. They also put in hot air and steam furnaces,. deal in stoves, etc. G. F. Colby purchased the college book bindery of P. H. Whitcomb in. 1873. He does Job work, blank book and pamphlet binding, etc. S. B. Phelps, gun and locksmith, has been engaged in business in Han-- over four years. He also manufactures special mechanical apparatus, models, etc. John WN. Brown, machinist, has carried on the business of making special machinery, models, and general jobbing, about twelve years. , The Dartmouth College repair shop was established in 1879. It is located. on the college grounds, in the rear of Culver hall. It is operated by steam-- power, and is fitted with machinery to do general repairs for the college. David L, Tilton’s granite quarry, located in the eastern part of the town,. on road 53, now under lease to F. B. Camp, was opened by Tilton in 1870, It produces an excellent quality of granite for paving, curbing, building and monumental purposes, furnishing employment to about half a dozen men. The Automatic Time Register and Alarm Co. began the manufacture, at Hanover, of a new electric watchman’s clock, in January, 1881. This clock was invented and: patented by Prof. E. T. Quimby, and is so constructed as. to ring an alarm in case the watchman fails to visit any station in its proper ‘order. This company also manufactures the Hubbard hotel enunciators, The shop is located on Main street, and the office in Boston. The preliminary surveys peparatory to the charter of the towns along Con- necticut river above Charlestown, were of the most primitive and cursory description. They were made in the winter of 1760—'6:, chiefly on the frozen river, and consisted of nothing more than laying off and marking upon the river’s bank, between what is now Charlestown, and Newbury, a series of corner bounds six miles apart, from which a double tier of towns was plotted arbitrarily in the executive office at Portsmouth. This method had the merit of simplicity, but its inaccuracy entailed no little confusion. The proprietors of Hanover found themselves involved in this some twelve years- later, when, after the principal part of the town had been surveyed and allotted according to the bounds that marked the corners on the river, it was discovered that these were inconsistent with the dimensions established by the charter, and that a strip of about 2,700 acres’which they had allotted along TOWN OF HANOVER. 301 the northerly side of the town was presumably ungranted. The provincial authorities on application, after notice to Lyme, corrected the error by an ad- ditional grant January 9, 1775. A similar confusion of surveys along the eastern boundary led later to a protracted controversy with Canaan, which ended in litigation, about 1805, and terminated to the disadvantage of the Hanover proprietors, with a small loss of territory. Like others, this town was granted in sixty-eight shares, of which two were reserved by the governor for himself, and compounded for by a special assign- ment of 500 acres in one body at the southwest corner of the town. Seven or eight more shares were assigned to certain of his associates in Portsmouth. One was set apart for the London ‘society for propagating the gospel, one for the church of England, one for the first settled minister, and one for the benefit of schools in the town. The remainder, fifty-four in number, were conferred on as many of the Connecticut petitioners, of whom Hartford ccounty.(Hebron and Tolland) furnished six, and Windham county all the rest, nearly twenty hailing from Mansfield. The first proprietor’s meeting was held in Mansfield, August 25, 1761, when a dual organization—town and proprietary—was effected. Both were annually renewed thereafter. Town meetings were first held at Hanover in July, 1767. The proprietary organization remained two years longer in Con- necticut. The work of survey and division began at once. In 1761 a party headed by Mr. Freeman went up, and by the middle of October had laid off and numbered sixty-six “town lots,” in a rhomboid of 121 acres, at the center of the town ; and the same number of “river lots” containing twenty-one acres each, bordering on the Connecticut, and numbered from the northern bound- ary of the town to a point within a mile and a half of its southern limits. The report of this party being presented to the proprietors, in January, 1762, the lots were forthwith drawn in open meetifg in the following manner : the numbers of the town lots were first written on separate and equal pieces of paper and put into a covered “hatt,” and then drawn out one by one by two disinterested persons; the first draft being set by the clerk to the first name in the right hand column of the list of grantees as written on the back of the charter, and so on until all were drawn. Each right was ever after dis- tinguished by the number of the town lot thus assigned to it. The river lots were then drawn in a similar manner, and substantially the same method was followed in subsequent divisions. No settlement was yet attempted. Though special privileges of selection were repeatedly offered by the proprietors to actual settlers, no one seemed desirous to be the pioneer. The great bulk of the lands lay still unsurveyed and in common. At length, in June, 1764, Mr. Freeman, at the head of a party of nine, came up and laid out a division of hundred-acre lots in the northern and central parts of the town, and in October roads were cleared by a larger party of twenty-two, led by Mr. Freeman’s son, Edmund Freeman, 302 TOWN OF HANOVER. 3d. In May following (1765) this young man, then twenty-eight years of age; with his wife and children, the elder aged three years and the younger a babe of eight months, removed thither from Mansfield and made the first set- tlement, locating not far from the river in the northerly part of the town. His brother Otis and several other young men without families accompanied. them, but, for the most part at least, returned to Connecticut before the winter. A settlement was the same year begun by Dea. Jonathan Curtice,. from Ashford, and his son of the same name; and the next year the deacon brought his family. Within five years the number of settlers increased to about twenty fami- lies, all located in the northern-central portion of the town, on the high hard- wood lands, which seem to have been thought the only land fit for cultiva- tion. The easterly half of the town was made almost inaccessible by the range of “Moose mountain”—high and rugged hills which extend from north to south the entire length of the town, and then as now heavily wooded; while on the west the lands for the most part descend with great abruptness. to the river, and in the narrow interval, where the hills retreat, the ground was either swampy or heavily covered with enormous pines that could not be cut, because reserved by the charter for the royal navy. The central part of the town consisted of high gravelly hills heavily wooded, alternating with deep ravines, provided each with an abundant, rapid stream, tributary to the river, either directly or through the larger stream now called ‘Mink brook,” which rises in the flanks of Moose mountain and skirts the south- western border of the town, close to the Lebanon line. This latter stream still affords abundant power for mills at numerous points. Thesmaller streams, now generally dry, were in early times much utilized in a small way in the same manner. The soil of these hills has proved of excellent quality, but its virtue was not at the first generally appreciated ; much less was it understood that the heavy pines near the river covered often a layer of loam of extra- ordinary fertility. The town as a whole was reputed as one of the poorest; » and in the vast extent of new country, and the eager competition of pro- prietors for settlers in other towns along the valley, it stood but a poor chance to thrive. According to the best information that can be obtained, the following are the names of the settlers up to 1770, and approximately the date of their set- tlement, some being single men and dwelling probably in the families of others :— Edmund Freeman, 3d....... 1765 Dea. Jonathan Curtice...... 1766 Benjamin Davis............ 1766 Benjamin Royce, (or Rice)... 1766 Gideon Smith............... 1766 Asa Parker...............- 1766 Jonathan Lord............. 1767 Timothy Smith..... anes 1767 Isaac Waldbridge.......... 1767. Deliverance Woodward.:....1767 William Woodward......... 1768 Dea. John Ordway.... ....1768 Gideon Abba.............. 1768 Isaac Bridgman........ ee 1768 David Mason.............. 1868 Dea. Stephen Benton....... 1768 -~TOWN OF HANOVER. 393: Jeremiah Trescott.......... 1768 Dea. John Wright.......... 1769 Jonathan Feeman.......... 1769 John House............... 1769 Damel Wright .cos ca nascsxs 1769 John Bridgman............ 1769 David Woodward........... 1769 James Murch............. 1769 John Tenney.............. 1769 But an event now occurred that wrought a change in the town’s prospects, and gave it its future. Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, a Presbyterian minister, had’ from a modest beginning, about 1740, in the private instruction of a few youths preparing for college, gathered at Lebanon, Conn., a large and flour- ishing school, maintained principally by charity, for the benefit of young men. designing to enter upon missionary work among the Indians. As early as 1743 Wheelock had been persuaded to receive into his family an Indian. youth from a neighboring tribe, named Sampson Occum. Having thus his- thoughts and sympathies enlisted in that direction, by degrees he gave up his. school very largely to the instruction of Indian youth, procured by his untir- ing efforts from the Delawares of New Jersey, and from the Mohawks and. Oneidas of New York, as well as from the tribes immediately about him. In the course of time his enterprise became widely known, and received the: sympathy and support of benevolent persons and societies, and official patron- age from the Colonial authorities of Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Principally through Whitefield, with whom he was intimately associated, in labors and in persecution, at the time of the “great awakening” in 1740, his affair was made known in Great Britain, to the Earl of Dart- mouth and to other prominent philanthropists, and numerous generous dona- tions came to him from them. Finally, at the close of the year 1765, at the earnest solicitation of Whitefield, his earliest Indian pupil, Occum, now be- come a preacher among his own people of remarkable ability and power, was. sent out to represent the cause and gather funds among the churches of Great Britain. He was accompanied by Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker, of Norwich, Conn., also an eminent preacher. The mission resulted in a success as- unexpected as it was gratifying. Occum took the people by storm, and, in spite of the jealous opposition of some of the church officials, in the course of two years he and his companion collected in England and Scotland about ten thousand pounds sterling for the support of the school, which was placed in trust partly in London and partly in Edenburgh, to be expended in pre- paring and sending missionaries among the Indians. The location of the school was not considered wholly favorable to its object. as thus developed, and for a number of years its removal into the Indian country had been in contemplation, but means were wanting. The funds- obtained abroad rended this now feasible, and steps were at once taken by Wheelock to procure a suitable situation. Schemes without number were proposed and considered, extending all the way from New Hampshire to- Virginia. Many flattering offers were received, as the school had by this time acquired a great reputation, and many places were desirous of sharing. 304 TOWN OF HANOVER. its benefits. Wheelock’s preference lay towards the country of the Six Nations, in New York or Pennsylvania, somewhere in the valley of the Susquehanna; but circumstances constrained his acceptance of offers made by Governor John Wentworth, of New Hampshire. A prominent, if not the controlling motive, lay in the offer by Wentworth of a charter of incorporation, which Wheelock had been for years soliciting elsewhere in vain. But at the same time it can hardly be doubted that the recent emigration of many of his neighbors and friends to the “‘ Cohos country ”—as this whole region was then promiscuously styled—served to draw his attention and his desires in this direction. The formal determination of the matter was referred to the English trus- tees, who promptly decided, conformably to Wheelock’s wish, in favor of some part of that region; but when it came to a specific selection of a site, the clamor, and with it his perplexities, were redoubled. The governor, with no selfish motive, was bent upon placing it in or near the township of Landaff, which was to be granted to the institution, while others urged the selection of -other towns, and among them Hanover. At one time a spot in Haverhill was actually determined upon, but difficulties arose, and Wheelock, upon a peronal inspection, preferred Hanover, and was able so to present the matter to the governor and his associates that they unanimously acquiesced in that -conclusion. An ample charter had already been given by Governor Wentworth in the name of the Crown, December rg, 1769, and on the same day that the loca- ‘tion was finally settled, July 5, 1770, ex-Governor Benning Wentworth gave to Wheelock, at Portsmouth, a deed in favor of the college of his 500 acre lot in ‘Hanover, on which to erect it. The school in Connecticut had borne, in honor of one of its benefactors, a gentleman of Mansfield, the name of ‘“Moor’s In- dian charity school.” The charter, designed at first merely to perpetuate ‘this enterprise, was in its execution, with wise foresight, expanded to embrace a college, to which was appropriately given the name of Wheelock’s principal English trustee—DarrMoutTuH. Circumstances which it is not necessaryto relate made it afterwards desirable for some purposes to retain also the original style and organization, sothat practically the school and the college have co-existed ‘in a sort of ill defined relationship ever since, which has on several occasions given rise to serious complications. ’ The selection of Hanover for this purpose was the signal for the most bit- ter and persistent attacks on the college, and upon Wheelock and the gover- nor himself. The town was denounced in the public prints, the selection at- tributed to the worst of motives, and many persons who had subscribed for the college threatened to cancel their subscriptions. Though very little loss of that kind actually resulted, the jealousy thus inspired added strength to a small party in the state that was already hostile to the college, and able at various times and even in a succeeding generation to work considerably to ‘its injury. TOWN OF HANOVER. 305 In addition to the governor's right, the proprietors of Hanover gave ad- joiming it on the east 1,000 acres to the college, and 300 to Wheelock, be- sides 400 acres to Wheelock in the extreme northeastern corner of the town. The town of Lebanon gave also to the college a tract of 1,400 acres adjoin- ing the Hanover grant, on the south, while at the same time Wheelock him- self and members of his family purchased some of the proprietors’ lots in Hanover abutting on the north, so that there came to be thus a compact body of nearly 4,000 acres of land subject to the college and its officers, though every rod of it was unbroken forest. Thither Wheelock came in August, 1770, built a log hut eighteen feet square, and made an opening where the village now stands. The pines that covered the plain were of the largest size. The governor gave a dispensation for cutting them, and, before winter came, a circular space of six acres was cleared, and several comfortable buildings were erected, where the president, his family and the students found shelter. ‘The fallen pines covered the ground to the depth of five feet. One specimen, of whose dimension a record is preserved, measured 270 feet from butt to top. Ina few years more than 2,000 acres of land in the immediate vicinity of the col- lege were fitted for cultivation and pasturage, and a village grew up, which, in 1775, besides the college buildings, mills, barns, a brew and malt-house and blacksmith shop, comprised eleven comfortable private dwellings within sixty rods of the college, of which at least four were of two stories. Three of these are in good habitable condition to this day. The impetus thus given to the prosperity of the town was very great. The price of land was doubled, and more. The town, till then despised by its neigh- bors, now began to take the lead. In 1775 its population was 380, exclusive of students. Its valuation in 1773 was the fourth in the county, surpassed only by Haverhill, Plymouth and Lebanon. In 1777 Hanover stood in that particular at the head of Grafton county, and retained its prominence fifty years. It tanked the seventeenth in the State in 1808, and now, with a population of 2,147, stands in that particular the twenty-first in the State, and the fourth in the county, and in valuation the twenty-fourth in the State, and the third in the county. Of the sixty-seven towns that surpassed it in valuation in 1777, but thirteen do so now; the balance of the twenty-four being manufacturing towns, mostly of recent growth. This prosperity has been mainly due to the presence and influence of the college, so that the history of the town is inseperably connected with that of the college, which has been to it as its vital breath. At the same time circum- stances of location have, from the first, to a certain extent, isolated the ‘‘col- lege district.” Remote from the other centers of population in the town, three to six miles distant, it had from the start a society of its own, and an independent religious organization. Moreover, there had been made by the governor and trustees, a condition of the location, that a tract three miles square carved out of Hanover and Lebanon, and covering the body of 20* 306 TOWN OF HANOVER. land before mentioned, should be set off as a distinct town to be under the jurisdiction of the college. At various times from 1771 down to 1792, at. tempts were made to fulfill this condition. Both Hanover and J.ebanon gave formal consent by repeated votes, but the General Assembly, from whatever motives, uniformily refused to sanction it. Once, as will be seen, the plan seemed about to be realized in another way—indeed, to have been already accomplished—but fate was unkind, and the scheme died in its infancy. Prior to 1775 the town was not represented in the General Assembly. Efforts. were made to obtain that privilege, but without success. In the fourth Pro- vincial Congress, however, held at Exeter, in May, 1775, John Wheelock ap- peared for Hanover, and was received. Under the act of November 4, 1775, this town was classed with Lebanon, Relhan (now Enfield), Canaan, Cardi- gan (now Orange), and Grafton, and was designated as the leading town of the class. But such was the dissatisfaction with that measure of represen-- tation, that under the lead of Hanover and Lebanon, the towns of this class refused to send a representative, and the refusal was reiterated upon a second: summons. Influenced by their example, other towns took a similar stand,. until the whole of Grafton county and part of Cheshire was in open opposi- tion to the Exeter government. At the call of Hanover and Lebanon, con- ventions were held, and printed declarations issued, which exerted the most profound influence throughout the valley. The movement first took definite shape at a convention held in 1776, in the college hall at Hanover. A pam- phlet address was sent out from this meeting, from the pen, as is supposed, of Professor Bezaleel Woodward. President Weare, in his correspondence, alluded to it as “fabricated at Dartmouth college,” and ascribed to its influ- ence, ‘with the assiduity of these college gentlemen.” The revalt of Graf- ton county, Hanover, under the lead of Professor Woodward and Jonathan Freeman, adhered warmly to this course. It joined in the union with Ver- mont in 1778 and in 1781, and with Lebanon was the last of all the disaf- fected towns east of the river to renew allegiance to New Hampshire. It was fondly hoped to establish a new State extending over both banks of the Connecticut, and having its capital in the river valley. Nowhere else could have been found a more appropriate site for that purpose than in the immediate neighborhood of the college. The hope of realizing that arrange- ment gave a new stimulus to this community. Professor Woodward resigned his position in the college and devoted his great talents wholly to public affairs, A printer was obtained, who set up a press here in the summer or fall of 1778. Advantage was also taken of the opportunity to carry into: execution the long cherished plan of erecting the college district into a town by itself. It was accomplished in March, 1778, with the assent of Hanover’ and Lebanon, by a formal declaration of independence, whereby the new town took the name of Dresden. This action was based upon the principle, accepted by the disaffected. , town as a whole, and formerly declared by their convention a few months. } TOWN OF HANOVER. 307 earlier, that the cessation of the Provincial government left the towns inde- pendent corporate units, with power, of course, freely to combine and arrange their affairs as they should see fit. Dresden took its place immediately in full standing alongside the other towns. Hanover and Dresden were separately enrolled and represented in the Vermont assembly, in both unions, and for a period of about six years, conducted their affairs in all respects, as distinct towns. Upon final recon- ciliation with New Hampshire, this arrangement fell to the ground, with the movement that gave it effect. Both Hanover and Dresden were active in support of the war. Their dis- affection towards the Exeter government did not prevent their meeting, so far as possible, all the requisitions made upon them, though at times protesting with the other towns that they acquiesced in them as reguests, and not as commands which they were bound to obey. They were prominent moreover in providing further for the safety of these frontiers, to which neither the Exeter nor Philadelphia Congress gave adequate attention. In September, 1776, a voluntary independent company was raised at Han- over in the space of three days, and rendered important service at St Johns and at Quebec. There were numerous alarms from that time down to a late period of the war, in which the militia of these towns turned out at short no- tice ; but for some reason, though often threatened, this region was never ac- tually invaded. President Wheelock was accustomed to ascribe this im- munity to the presence here in his school of quite a number of Indian boys from Canada. It is said, however, that the party who destroyed Royalton in. 1780, first, after being frightened from Newbury, turned their thoughts to- wards Dresden, but found the river too broad and deep for their purpose. After the war Hanover, in common with other neighboring towns, was ‘made the subject of vexatious proceedings for enforcement of delinquent taxes due to the state. Warrants were several times issued, and once, at least, executed by the imprisonment of the selectmen. After repeated solici- tation the taxes were in part abated, the towns having combined anew to present their grievances to the legislature. The subsequent history of the town, apart from the college, differs little from that of other farming communities, except perhaps in the large num- ber of able and eminent men, scattered even in distant states, who first saw the light on these rugged hills. The exclusive privilege of a ferry over the Connecticut river was granted to the college in 1772. With consent of the trustees a toll-bridge was built by a corporation in 1796, and a free bridge by the town in 1858. This was the first free bridge ever built on the Connecticut river. In the second war with England the sentiment of Hanover was over- whelmingly federal, and bitterly hostile to the national administration. Ata special meeting, called for the purpose, the town passed by a strong vote reso- lutions of the most pronounced character, and in 1814 furnished to the Hartford 308 TOWN OF HANOVER. convention, in the person of Hon. Miles Olcott, one of the two delegates from New Hampshire. The town adhered to the federal party as long ag that party endured. It was afterwards for a time Democratic, but has been Republican by a hundred majority since the period of the civil war. To the army in Mexico a few scattered recruits were furnished; but in the war of the Rebellion many in all ranks went from the town and college, though no special organization was recruited, here. The college came through the revolutionary period in better condition than was to be expected. Having expended its English funds before the war began, in erecting buildings and clearing lands, it found itself tolerably well prepared for self support, and, though harassed with burdens and debts, was enabled through all vicissitudes to pursue its course without material inter- ruption. The first president, Wheelock, died in 1779, and was succeeded by his son, John Wheelock, who was then in the Continental military service, as Lieut.-Colonel of Bedel’s regiment, serving on the staff of General Gates. He entered soon upon efforts to relieve and enlarge the college, and made for that purpose a European tour in 1782~84. He had little success in it, and suffered shipwreck on the homeward voyage. He maintained his position at the head of the college with considerable credit, until by certain arbitrary tendencies in his disposition, he got the enmity of the village people, and by degrees of the majority of the board of trustees. Finding himself, in 1815, in a hopeless minority in that body, he appealed to the legislature of New Hampshire, with bitter accusations against his associates. They in conse- quence immediately removed him from his position, and put Rev. Francis Brown in his place. The affair assumed a party aspect. Federalists in general adhered to the college, and the democrats, under the lead of Isaac Hill, with bis usual vio- lence, took sides for the party objects with Wheelock, though the antecedents of the latter and his immediate friends were wholly federalists. The result, from this cause with others, was a revolution in the politics of the State, and the passage by a strict party vote of a series of acts assuming to amend the char- ter of the college and transform it into a university, with an enlarged body of trustees and a new governing body styled overseers. The vote of the house of representatives stood ninety-seven to eighty-three. Seventy-five members recorded a written protest. Unfortunately for the success of the scheme, the old college board was in undisputed possession of the property and franchise, and all but one of its members declining to act under the new regime. The board refused to assent to the modifications of the charter or recognize the new members. The latter not having themselves a quorum were unable to organize without further legislation; and not until March, 1817, was the “university” put into actual operation. Its prestige, what it had, was so much weakened by this delay, and by the steady maintainance of the exercises of the college, that though its officers promptly dispossessed the old faculty and occupied the college buildings, only a single college student at the begin- TOWN OF HANOVER, 309 ning transferred to it his allegiance. A few others came in later, but the classes were always so far behind those of the college in numbers as to be necessarily of a peaceful temper. The college, besides numbers, had also the moral support of almost unanimous local sentiment and the hearty and gene- ral sympathy of its alumni and of the clergy. The result was that the two institutions existed side by side without serious conflict, notwithstanding the State court decided for the university in the first stages of the legal contest, until the final declaration against the.validity of the acts by the United States supreme court, in February, r8r9, when the “university” came to a peace- ful and an inglorious end. As if to intensify the chagrin of those who had in good faith devoted their best efforts to the administration of its affairs and the instruction of its students, the State, whose servants they were, for several years refused to pay them. When at length a partial remuneration was granted it failed by the veto of a governor, whose son had profited by their instruction, and whose voice, as one of the judges of the State court, had joined in giving the univer- sity that delusive sanction which led them to persist in their adherence to its fortunes. The college, though sadly embarassed, was yet in better condition than its rival, and began at once to recuperate. For several years there appeared be- fore the legisiature from time to time hostile schemes directed towards the establishment elsewhere of another college under state patronage. No ac- tual legislation was ever had to that end, beyond the erection, in 1821, of the so-called “literary fund” by the taxation of banks for the purpose of accumu- lating a fund for a future university, amounting in a few years to more than $50,000.00. But it was applied in aid of education in another and wiser way, good feeling having by that time returned; and the college has ever since enjoyed the friendship and fostering care of the State. Twice has it received from it grants of land, and has been repeatedly aided in other ways. It has had also a munificent grant from-the State of Vermont. All its funds but these have been derived from private generosity, by which it has reached a condition of assured prosperity, with ample buildings and grounds, and invested funds of more than a million dollars, though not all of it is at present available. Besides the ordinary academic course it has a flourishing medical department established in 1797; 4 scientific department established in 1852; and a special school of civil engineering established in 1870. The State college of agriculture and the mechanic arts is also located in Hanover and associated with Darmouth college, but not subject its control. Chandler Scientific Department.—This department was established in 1851, in accordance with the will of Abial Chandler, Esq., of Walpole, N. H., who bequeathed $50,000 to the trustees of the college for this purpose. Mr. Chandler's idea may be gained from the following extract from his will :— “The establishment and support of a permanent department or school of instruction in the college, in the practical and useful arts of life, comprised 310 TOWN OF HANOVER. chiefly in the branches of mechanics and ‘civil engineering, the invention and manufacture of machinery,’ carpentry, masonty, architecture and drawing, the investigation of the. properties and uses of the materials.employed in the arts, the modern languages and English literature, together with book-keeping and such other branches of knowledge as may best qualify, young. Perague for the duties and employments of active life.” The purpose of tae new department or school of instruction was’ thus set forth in the outset by the college authorities. “The Chandler Scientific School, in its full course of instruction, aims at a ‘liberal education on a Scientific instead of a classical basis.” The school was opened in the autumn of 1852, with seventeen students in attendance. The course of study was at first three years, but was extended to four years in 1857. It has sent out 327 graduates, of whom 98 are civil, mechanical, mining or electrical en- gineers, 34 are lawyers, 40 are teachers and 22 physicians. The catalogue for 1884-85 ' gives the attendance as seventy-four and the number of instruc- tors as twelve. The New Hampshire oe of Agriculture and Mechanic Art—The col- lege was founded in accordance with the national law of 1862 which gave each State a quantity of land in proportion to its congressional representa- tion, to be used in establishing a college. Its leading object, as stated in the bill which made the appropriation, is “to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts,'in order to promote the lib- eral and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life.” The law gave New ‘Hampshire one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land which were sold for $80, 000.00. This as required by the law has been the fund to provide instruction, the State being made responsible for both principal and interest. ‘After much discussion, and when the time allowed for organization had nearly expired, the legislature passed an act locating the college in Hanover, and making it practically a department of Dartmouth college. There were strong reasons that united to'make Hano- ver the place selected for the college. The State at that time was heavily in debt ahd could not appropriate money sufficient for the support of a new col- lege. The trustees of Dartmouth college, anxious to prevent the founding of a college in any place in the State where it might grow to be a rival institu- tion, made the most liberal offers,—the freé use of libraries, museums, recita- tion rooms, etc.,—and held out the further inducement that the Culver fund should be used for the benefit of the new department or college. ‘This fund came from the estate of Gen. David Culver, of Lyme, who had offered the State his farm as a suitable’ place for the ‘school, and his entire estate as an addition to the fund. His offer had not-been accepted and his property had been given:'to Dartmouth college’ to be used for” agricultural purposes. After some litigation with ‘the Culver’ heirs Dartmouth: college made a compromise by which about $20,000 was recéived, ‘the: college being released from the obligation to establish the school | upon ‘the farm i in ‘Lyme: Relying upon this estate the trustees of the t two colleges i in'the’ spring of Wy OFCeYosYT PUB adios y jo afayqog aUTYsduiepR Man TOWN OF HANOVER. 3ir 1870 laid the foundation of Culver Hall, which cost when completed $40.000: ‘The State by appropriation furnished $15.000.00 of this money, and the widow of General Culver, anxious to carry out the intentions of her husband, gave from ‘part of the estate about $10,000.00, and “expressed her desire to President Smith that her money should goto sustain the interests of the College of Agri- culture and the Mechanic Arts.” Aithough the state law establishing the college, was passed in 1866, the college was not opened to students until the fall of 1868, and the first class was graduated in 1871. There were two distinct courses of study, each conisting of three years of twenty-seven weeks. After a few years the second term was lengthened by the addition of four weeks, in 1878 a third term was added, and in 1883 the course was changed so as to consist of a first year of two terms, and three full college years. These changes have made it possible for the college to give more than an equivalent for the course, outside of the dead languages, pursued in classical colleges. A con- ‘siderable increase has been made in the number of technical agricultural subjects studied, and a prominence has been given to such scientific subjects as enter into the science of. agriculture. The success of the college has been largely due to Hon. John Conant, of Jaffrey. Soon after the opening of the college he purchased for it a valu- able farm situated near Culver Hall, and afterwards furnished most of the money for the erection of Conant Hall, which is used as a boarding house for students. Still later he established scholarships of all the towns in Ches- hire county, and in all gave the college $60,000.00. Besides Culver Hall and Conant Hall, the college has a small building called Allen Hall, which is used for students. The farm, which at present consists of 360 acres, is in a high state of cultivation, and has new farm buildings recently erected. The first professor in the college was Ezekiel Webster Dimond, who had the cchait of Chemistry. He had specially prepared himself for the work by travel and study in Enrope, and during the few years of his life, his energy in origin- ating and executing was seen in the village as well as in the college. Dr. Thomas Crosly was appointed to the chair of Natural History soon after the college was organized, and filled that position until the time of his death, in 1872. During the first years of the college, most of the work of instruction was done by the professors of Dartmouth college; but it has since been found mote satisfactory to have a special faculty thoroughly identified with the interests cf the college. Including the class of 1885, fifteen classes have been graduated. The num- ber of graduates is 103, or sixty per cent, of the whole number of students jn these classes. Of these graduates, 36 per cent. have been connected with agriculture, 12 per cent. have studied medicine, 5 per cent. have taken the two other professions, ro per cent. have become civil engineers, manufactur- ers, and mechanics, 7 per cent. have become teachers, 7 per cent. have entered the United States signal service, and the remaining 30 per cent. have been distributed among ten different occupations. 312 TOWN OF HANOVER. The gradual growth of the college may be judged from the fact that the number of graduates in the last five; classes has been greater than in the first ten. . According to the charter of the college, the board of trust consists of four trustees elected by the trustees of Dartmouth college, and five elected by the governor and council; but in practice, a majority of the trustees are usually trustees of Dartmouth college. . Since the organization of the institution, the State has. appropriated for it, in all, $55,000.00. The present value of the funds, buildings, and property, is about $200,000.00. While the college has met with much opposition and prejudice, it has also found. many strong friends and supporters. There have never been any reasons growing out of its location, which have driven students away, but reports have sometimes been circulated which have kept students from coming. At the present time an excellent feeling exists between the students. of the two colleges, and students of the State college have a representation on the Dartmouth college paper, and in the various college organizations. In return for the appropriations, the college gives free tuition to all New Hampshire students, and in various ways furnishes considerable additional assistance, while the necessary expenses are so much reduced ‘that students are, in some cases, able to earn enough to meet them. , The graduates, through their alumni association, have shown a strong interest in the college. They have recently placed a memorial window in the: new Rollin’s chapel, to show their appreciation of the labors of Rev. Asa D. Smith, D. D., LL. D., who was president of the college from its organization: to his death, in 1877. The Thayer School of Civil Engineering.—This department was founded in connection with Dartmouth college by the late Gen. Sylvanus Thayer, a distinguished officer of the U. S. Corps of Engineers, and the chief organizer of the U. S. Military academy, so that he is considered “the father” of that institution. His bequest was nominally $70,000.00. The course of study and practice extends over two years, and is purely professional or post-gradu- ate in its scope. The time spent in the school is about sixty-eight weeks, leaving summer months available to the students for summer employment. The requirements for admission include the usual full courses of mathematics, natural philosophy, chemistry and astronomy, as taught in the leading col- leges and scientific schools. Thus the aim is to secure only men of consider- able maturity and ability, and with this high standard, comparatively few young men are found qualified for the course. The whole number of gradu- ates, beginning with 1873 and including the year 1886, is forty-one, and the average age at graduation above twenty-five years. Those are preferred who have already had some practical experience, because such accomplish the - work prescribed with more zeal and appreciation of its value. In some cases students remain on professional work for a year between the first and second IW OUBYIaW PUB auTyNoWEY fo aBaTiog aaiysduey Man TTB jeg Ha i \ i i a Hh iN i MM hy. wil TOWN OF HANOVER. 313. years of the regular course. Before graduation each student prepares a thesis- on some professional topic, which must be acceptable to the faculty and board’ of overseers. The latter body consists of the president of Dartmouth col- lege and four non-resident professors or experts of reputation. They, with the faculty of the school, prescribe the courses of study and exercise a gen- eral supervision of the management. They attend the annual examination and decide upon the merits of the students. The degree of civil engineer is conferred upon graduates. The policy prescribed by the founder, and hitherto maintained, is justified by the alumni record, most of whom have al- ready taken high rank as railroad engineers, civil engineers in general practice, bridge constructors, hydraulic and sanitary engineers, civil assistant engineers under the U. S. government, astronomers and professors. Since the open- ing in 1871, the school has been under the immediate direction of Prof. Rob- ert Fletcher, Ph. D., a graduate of the U.S. Military academy at West Point, N. Y. The Medical Department was established in 1797, beginning with a course of lecture in November of that year by Dr. Nathan Smith, who was ap- pointed professor of anatomy and surgery by the trustees of the college. In 1811 a building was erected with money appropriated by the State. There are now six full professorships connected with the department, and six addi- tional lecturers. Upwards of 1,800 students have been graduated in medi- cine, of whom nearly 1,000 are now living. The number of students in at- tendance at the full course has averaged, of late, about seventy. A site has recently been obtained for a hospital to be attached to the department, which. it is hoped may be soon erected. David Tenney, father of David, John and Andrew Tenney, was one of the pioneer settlers of this town, locating here at an early day, on road 13. Elisha, son of David, Jr., was born in this town May 21, 1785, and married’ twice, first, Phebe Freeman, in 1814, who bore him two children, and died in 1827. He married for his second wife Sarah Freeman, of Lebanon, in 1829,. and had born to him six children, five of whom are living. His son Reuben A. was born January 6, 1841, married Jennie Wardrobe, of Campton, Can., in 1866, and has had born to him six children. John Tenney, the third of eight children of Joseph and Anna Tenney, was born at Woodbury, Conn., September 2, 1729, and married Olive Armstrong, March c1, 1755. He came to this town at a very early day, was one of the original proprietors, and for a short time occupied a log cabin which he built. He soon after built and occupied a house on road 24. Of his children, Silas became a major of militia, serving in the Revolution, was a successful farmer, and, in 1800, built the house where O. W. Miller lives, in which he died. Reuben removed to Hartford, Vt. Andrew was a farmer, and lived near where his father settled. Truman moved to Waterford, and afterwards to Morristown, Vt. He became colonel of militia. David was born in Nor- wich, Conn., in 1759, was eleven years of age when he came to Hanover with: 314 TOWN OF HANOVER. ‘his parents, married Anna Jacobs and reared thirteen children. He was a ‘pensioner of the Revolutionary war, and died at the age of ninety-two years. His children were as follows: Elisha was a blacksmith, residing in North neighborhood ; Shelden was a tanner and shoemaker, also’residing in North neighborhood ; Seth was a farmer and militia captain, and went to Ports- ‘mouth in the war of 1812; David was also a militia captain, went to Ports- mouth in 1812, and spent his life on the old farm; Elijah was lame, and was mail carrier from Hanover Center to the Plain for twenty years; Joseph, who married Ann H. Davis, moved to Ohio in 1836, where he engaged as a mer- -chant, and served as postmaster and justice, returned to Hanover in 1847, where he now lives, has been town clerk five years, and justice from 1849 to 1883; Eunice married Elijah Miller, Esq. ; Susan, Orange Woodward; Lucy, Harby Morey; Vina, Alba Hall; Anna, Benjamin Ross; Olive, Isaac Ross ; and Percey, Benjamin Smith. Capt. John, son of John and Anna (Arm- strong) Tenney, was born July 9, 1767, married Lucinda Eaton, and reared -six children, three of whom are living, viz.: Capt. John, aged eighty-four years, resides in Hanover; Lucinda, widow of Ashbel Smith, is eighty-two years of age, and also resides at Hanover; and Adna, aged seventy-five years, ‘resides in Winona, Minn. Capt. John Tenney, Sr., was captain of militia, infantry company. His son John was sergeant of an artillery company in 1823, lieutenant in 1824, and captain from March, 1826, until December, 1826, when he resigned, being about to remove to Randolph, Vt., where he remained until 1833. He then returned and bought the farm where he now lives. He has served as justice of the peace for twenty years, beginning in 1848, and has been selectman three years, and was chairman of the board in. 1857-58. He married Tryphena Dow, and has a family of four sons, viz.: Ulysses Dow, who is a portrait and landscape painter, in New Haven, Conn.; John Francis, a merchant at Federal Point, Fla.; Leumel D., a farmer in Hanover, and Roswell A., a farmer in Norwich. William Dewey, with his family, came to Hanover, from Connecticut, -some time between 1763 and 1770, and made his home near the river, own- ing a large farm at the corner of roads 33 and 19. He reared thirteen chil- -dren, all of whom lived to be over forty years of age.. His son David mar- ried Mehitable Wright, of Hanover, and located in Chelsea, Vt., of which place he was among the first settlers, and became deacon of the church there. His son William married Mary Fish, and reared five children, all born in Williamstown, Vt., four of whom are still living. He moved to Hanover in 1844, where he died in 1884. His son Ira F. served in the late war; in Co. B, 5th N. H. Vols. . He married Isabell Knapp, of Marathon, N. Y., and ‘served as town clerk in 1880, 81 and ’82. His children are Edwin P. and Charles S. George Dewey, the oldest of two sons and two daughters of Luke Dewey, was born in Hanover village, February 3, 1805. He became a farmer, making a specialty of raising Spanish Merino sheep, and was one of the first .. pesad dss TOWN OF HANOVER. 315 who gave special attention to the improvement of sheep in Hanover. He purchased some of Consul Jarvis, of Weathersfield, Vt., who imported them from Spain. He was captain of militia, was largely interested in town affairs, and was a member of the County and State Agricultural Society. He mar- ried Laura A. Chedel, of Pomfret, Vt., and was the father of five children, viz.: Edward G., Henry G., Laura A., Mary J. and Ellen M. Mr. Dewey died April 20, 1867. His widow, who survived him eighteen years, conducted the farm, assisted by Andrew McLean, a Scotchman, who was in the employ of Mr, Dewey and his widow over fifty years. Mrs. Dewey died March 20, 1884. Henry G. resides in Washington Territory. William Chandler came to Hanover, from Pomfret, Conn., about 1775, made a clearing and built a house. He returned to Connecticut, married Mary Grosvenor, whom he brought to his new home. He married for his second wife Patty Hill, and for his third wife, Eunice, daughter of John Ten- ney, of Hanover. Mr. Chandler was for a time a merchant in Keene. He bought 200 acres of land in Hanover, of which Henry Chandler’s present farm is a part, and paid for it in Continental money. In 1795, his brother Henry, a tailor by trade, moved to this town. In April, 1799, William Chan- ler and thirteen other families formed themselves into what they styled a “ Moravian Community,” and were to share things in common. Mr. Chan- dler’s house and barn were the center of operations, but some of the families lived at other places. Four of the principal men were directors, of whom William Chandler was chairman. One of the rules was that any young man of the community might marry in or out of the circle, and bring his wife in, but one of their own girls could marry none but a man of the community. When Henry Chandler made a coat for one of the world’s people, and the pay for it in grain was handed over to another family in the community, the pangs of hunger made him look about for the reason why a lazier family than his own should be allotted his earnings, The many instances of this kind caused discontent. William urged his brother to keep quiet, that the under- taking might have a fair trial. At the end of six months, when each was as- signed his portion of the summer’s work, almost all were disappointed at the smallness of their share. William Chandler, as the owner of the farm where most of the crops were raised, and of the house where many of them lived, claimed and took, as he thought justly, a large share. The corn was stored in his garret, the hay in his barns, and he would allow none to be moved. At this there was a general murmur, and when the question was put ‘whether they would continue in common another year,” nearly all, led by Henry Chandler, voted in the negative. William Chandler served as town clerk of Hanover, and was clerk of the Baptist church. He reared four sons and seven daughters, and died April 21, 1844, aged ninety years. His grandson John W. now lives in Hanover. Henry Chandler, who was lame, one leg being shorter than the other, married Martha Brown, and reared nine chil- dren, six of whom were born in Pomfret, Conn. He died here June 5, 1813, 316 TOWN OF HANOVER. aged fifty-seven years. His widow survived him twenty-eight years. His. son Jeremiah served as selectman, town representative, &c., and always lived on the farm where his father settled. He married Lucy Egerton, and had born to him eleven children, three of whom are now living. He died in 1881, aged eighty-seven years. His son Henry, who owns and occupies the homestead, married Martha S. Clark, and has two sons and two daughters, Newton S. Huntington, born in Lebanon in 1822, has lived in Hanover about sixty years. He was educated at New London and Hanover, and was chosen cashier of Dartmouth National bank when it was organized in 1865; was elected treasurer of Dartmouth Savings bank January 1, 1866, and served in those offices until elected president of both banks. He is a self- made man, has traveled in all our northern states east of the Rocky Moun- tains, some of the southern states, and was in Europe in 1879. He has held all the various offices the town could bestow, has been selectman, treasurer and moderator more than twenty. times, was member of the House of Repre- sentatives in 1859 "60, 188586. In politics he is a Republican, and in religion a Baptist. He was a farmer until thirty-five years old, was in the firm of Dodge & Huntington five years, and Huntington & Simmons one year next preceding his election as an officer of the Dartmouth National’ bank. For thirty years there has been hardly a time when he has not had estates upon his hands to settle. Dartmouth college conferred upon him the degree of A. M. The first of this family in Hanover were Andrew, Heze. kiah, and Sarah, wife of Jonathan Freeman. Elias settled in Lebanon about the same time (1770 to’75). Andrew, with his brothers Christopher and Samuel, were in the Revolution. Elias was born February 23, 1756 or ’57,. married Mrs. Mary Eaton, of Hanover, had two children, Elias, Jr., born July 18, 1797, and adaughter, Mary, who married Daniel Richardson, of Lebanon. Elias, Jr., was married February 18, 1818, and died February 6, 1825. He was a farmer and had one son, Newton S., and one daughter who died un- married. Timothy Smith, born at Hadley, Mass., in June 1702, was the first of the family to settle in Hanover, and was a descendant of Lieut. Samuel Smith, who came to Hadley, Mass., which town he named, from Hadleigh, England, in April, 1834. Timothy’s father died when he was only four years of age, and he and his mother went to Weathersfield, Conn., and lived till he was eighteen years of age. He then became a seaman for three or four years. He married Esther Webster, of Glastonbury, Conn., about 1724, and his chil- dren were as follows: Edward, Rebecca, Timothy, Mary, Esther, Abijah,. Jemima, Hannah and John, all of whom settled in Hanover. Hannah was. the only one unmarried when they came, and her marriage to Isaac Walbridge was the first in Hanover. Timothy Smith had a ferry across the Connecti- cut, opposite his farm. He had sufficient land, so he gave to each of his sons loo acres, to each daughter 50 acres, and to Dartmouth college 100 acres. Gideon Smith, the husband of Rebecca, gave to the college fifty acres. TOWN OF HANOVER. 317 Three of the original farms, forming the Timothy Smith tract, are still owned by the descendants of the original settlers. Edward, the eldest son, was deacon of the Congregational church at Hanover Center, owned the farm where George W. Johnson now lives, and reared two sons, John and Edward. The former owned the Smith homestead, and Edward, Jr., built a house on .the east end of the farm where Chandler P. Smith now lives. Edward, Jr., married Hannah Chandler, and had born to him eleven children, viz.: Asahel, | Noah, Ashbel, Cyrus Porter, Chandler P., Irene, Russell, Hannah and three who died young. Asahel married Anna Owen, was captain of militia, deacon of the Congregational church at Hanover Center, served as town representa- tive, and was selectman and justice of the peace many years. Of his chil- dren, Cyrus Pitt, who has served as selectman two years, and was town rep- resetative in 1878-79, married Abbie Wilson, of Fitzwilliam, and lives on road 2; Adaline E. married Franklin W. Smith, and lives on road 33 ; Laura P. married Horace P. Brown; Asahel A., who has lived in Boston for forty years, married twice, first, Mary Benning, who bore him one son, Frank H.. and second, Mary Stanton. Edward W. and Noah W. are dead. Noah, son of Edward, Jr., graduated from Dartmouth college, and became a Congre- gational minister. He reared four children, and died at New Britain, Conn., about 1831. His son Edward P. was the head of the christian commission dur- ing the war, and commissioner of Indian affairs under President Grant. Ashbel, son of Edward, Jr., was a farmer, was colonel of militia, served as town repre- sentative, etc. He married twice, first, Esther Camp, and second, Lucinda Ten- ney. He reared eleven children, as follows: Roswell T.,who is a dealer in books, etc., at Nashua, and is an inventor and genealogist; Esther R., who became Mrs. Parsons, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; Ann W. Mason, of Boston ; Hannah E. Smith, of Brooklyn; Adaline L., now deceased ; Newton J., a farmer in Toulon, Ill; Noah Payson, of Peperell, Mass.; Charles E., now deceased ; Chandler P., who served in the late war, in Co. G., 40th Mass. Vols., has been selectman, represented his town in 1882-83, and occupies the house built by Edward, Jr.; Mary F., now deceased, and William H., a baker in Chicago, Ill. Cyrus Porter, son of Edward, Jr., graduated from Dartmouth college, became a lawyer, and resided in Brooklyn, N. Y. He served as State senator, was mayor of tle city, and held numerous other offices. He married, and reared eight children. Charles P., son of Edward, Jr., was a graduate from Dartmouth college, became a physician, and resided in Dan- bury, Conn. He married, and reared two children. Irene, daughter of _ Edward, Jr., married John Wright, and reared five children. Russell, son of Edward, Jr., married Mary Richardson, reared three children, resided in Hanover, and died in California. Hannah, daughter of Edward, Jr., mar- tied Jerome, Canfield, has had four children, is the only one now living, and resides in Brooklyn, N. Y. Hezekiah Goodrich, son ‘of Mary, one of. the _ daughters of Timothy Smith, was born in Windsor, Conn., in 1757, moved ‘to Hanover in 1771, and to Norwich in 1774. He enlisted in the Revo- 318 TOWN OF HANOVER. lution from Norwich, and served in the battles of Bennington and Saratoga. He died in Norwich, aged ninety-one years. Franklin W. Smith, James B. Smith, of Troy, Tenn., and Adaline A. are children of Timothy, grandchildren of John, and great-grandchildren of Timothy Smith, the grantee. Franklin W. married Adeline E., daughter of Asahel Smith, and has had born to him six children, as follows: James Bradley, of Russell, Kan., Frank Welford, who died in the battle of Fredericksburg, Edward T., who died in 1884, Laura C. (Mrs. E. S. Leavitt), of Cornish, Samuel W., a baker in Manches- ter, and Julia A., now deceased. / Nathaniel Woodward came from Connecticut, a young man, with his bride, on horseback, before 1780, and purchased wild land on the north line of Hanover, where his grandson, John Marshall Woodward, now lives. He was twice married, and reared three children—Polly, who married George Perkins, Nathaniel, Jr., who married Joann Perkins, and Marshall, who went to Illinois, and died there. Nathaniel, Jr., spent his life on the homestead, and reared one son, John Marshall, and six daughters,—Mrs. Asa Camp, Mrs. Cyrus. Camp, Mrs. Lysander T. Woodward, of Hanover, and two who live in Ver- mont. John C. Woodward, of Lyme, is a son of Ralph, grandson of John, and great-grandson of William Woodward, also an early settler in Hanover. Asa Babbitt, of English descent, was an early settler in Hanover, locating where Simon Ward now lives, on road 52. Isaac, the youngest of six chil- dren, was a farmer, resided in Hanover, and reared twelve children. Of these, eight sons and one daughter are living, viz.: Leonard H., in Hanover ; Darwin J., Alden A., and Dexter W., in Lebanon; Isaac S., Sylvester, Aus- tin, George W., and Almina (Mrs. Frederick C. Merrill), in Enfield, and Charles M., in Franklin. David Hayes came to Hanover, from Connecticut, at an early date, in a boat on the river, and used to go to Charleston to mill. He settled on the place where J. M. Hayes now lives, on Hayes hill. He received a deed from Jonathan Freeman, as agent of Dartmouth college, in 1794, and from his brother Samuel, a deed of fifty acres, December 8, 1786. David M., son of David, was born in Hanover, in 1787, married three times, first, Hannah March, who bore him three daughters ; second, Almira Morris, who bore him one son and two daughters ; and third, Philena Edgerton. Joel M. Hayes, born May 24, 1828, was a member of the early militia, joining before eighteen years of age, and was raised through all the ranks to captain of the old Granite Guard, an independent company of Hanover, in 1850, He mar- ried Susan Waterman, November 11, 1852, who bore him four children, namely, Charles W., Roswell M., David M. and Samuel. Abel, John, Asa, Issac and Gideon Bridgman came to Hanover, from Cov- entry, Conn., soon after the town was granted. Gideon moved to Dorches- ter and the others remained in this town. John settled on the hillside near Etna, on road 54, some time before 1769. He gave land to Mr. Wheelock for the benefit of the college. He reared twelve children, seven of whom TOWN OF HANOVER. 319 lived to be over seventy years of age. Chauncey, one of his sons, was select- man, and moved to Lebanon, where he died. Russell and Mendal were farmers, and lived at Mill Village. George M. Bridgman is the present town clerk. John L., son of Abel, and grandson of Rev. Abel Bridgman, an early Baptist minister of Hanover, was born in this town, November 26, 1817, and lived here until sixteen years of age, when his father moved to Boston. He worked for the Lowell railroad, having charge of different departments for about twenty years. He returned to Hanover in 1852, and soon after pur- chased his present farm. He has served as county commissioner in 1864, ’6s and 66, was town representative in 1870-71, deputy sheriff ten years, justice of the peace about twenty years, and on the board of selectmen sev- enteen years. He married Hortensia A. Wood, in 1844, and has two sons- and one daughter, Don S., Adna A. and Emma H. John Wright came from Ashford, Conn., to Hanover, at an early date, and worked about a year before his family came. David, one of his older sons,. then eight or nine years old, spent the year here with him, about 1767 or 68. David Wright entered the army at the beginning of the Revolution, being sixteen or seventeen years old, and served through the war. Afterwards he came to Hanover, married Lydia Tenney, and resided where Carlton N. Camp: now lives. He reared three children and died in 1853, aged ninety-four years. David Wright, Jr., was a farmer and spent his life in the same neigh- borhood. He married Irena Ladd, of Haverhill, reared three sons and three daughters, of whom Anna W., widow of B. D. Miller, is the only one of the latter living. Of the sons, C. Nelson lives at Sparta, Wis., Solon in Texas, and Henry C. in Lebanon. Laura D. Bridgman, daughter of Daniel, was born at Hanover, Decem- ber 21, 1831, had scarlet fever when two and a half years of age, and lost the senses of sight, hearing and speech. Though thus deprived of much en- joyment of life, she has become one of the most noted persons in New Eng- ‘land, on account of the great skill she has acquired in reading by the alpha- bet for the blind, conversing by the deaf and dumb alphabet, knitting and crotcheting, and even composing and writing with a pencil a poem. She lives the greater part of the time at Perkins’ institute for the blind, at South Boston. Joseph Taylor spent his youth in Springfield, N. H., and came to Hanover’ as a stage driver, which occupation he followed over thirty years. He mar- ried Miss A. M. Ketchum, a native of Piermont, and who was teaching in Hanover at the time of their marriage. They both died in 1858, and their only child is the widow of C. B. Walker. Mr. Walker came from Cornish, N. H., was a merchant at Hanover for some years, and died June 20, 1881. His son, William D., graduated from Dartmouth college, in 1865, and went. immediately to California, where he became a successful teacher. He is now business manager of the “ Alta California,” and resides in San Francisco. Joseph Hatch was one of the grantees of Hanover, but itis not known that. 320 TOWN OF HANOVER, he received his proprietary right in the township. He first settled in Lyme, and his eldest child, Jonathan, was born there. He was a man of great muscular power, and it is related that at one time he attacked with a hand- ‘spike two bears and four cubs, which he found destroying his corn. He kept them at bay until a neighbor came with a gun and shot them. His son Jonathan spent his early life with his uncle Benjamin Hatch, in Lyme; mar- ried Olive Truscott and located on a farm now owned by his son William, in Hanover. The latter was born in 1812, has always lived here, and was town ‘representative in 1866-67. He married twice, first, Sarah Chandler, and second, Annette A. Ross. Of his ten children, only one son and two daugh- ters are living, viz.: Augusta B., widow of Clarence E. Delano, a daughter by his first wife, and Isaac R. and Ollie T., children by his second wife. Thomas Ross, who joined the Revolutionary army at the age of fourteen years, came to this town from Billerica, Mass., at an early day, and first lo- cated, with two or three other families, high up on Moose mountain. He afterward located in Ruddsboro district, and reared six sons and three daughters. Nathan, son of Thomas, built the house where his son, D. M. Ross, now lives. Benjamin, son of Thomas, became a resident of Hanover, Hon. Isaac, son of Thomas, was a member of the Governor’s Council, held ‘many other offices and reared eight children, of whom two sons served in the late war ranking as colonels, and one, David T., lives in Lebanon. Annette is the wife of William Hatch. Col. George E., son of Isaac, graduated from Dartmouth college, served in the late war, and lives in Washington. David, -son of Thomas, went to Pennsylvania. Elam moved to Hebron. Lucy was the wife of Peter Bugbee, who was a trader, and the father of the Bugbees now living in Ruddsboro. Isaac Fellows, one of the early settlers of Hanover, was of the fourth gen- eration of the descendants of William Fellows, who came from England about 1630 to ‘35, and settled in Ipswich, Mass. Isaac was born in Kensington, N. H, July 25, 1764. He removed to Hopkinton when young, and from there came to Hanover in the spring of 1799 and settled upon the farm now owned by Asa W. Fellows. He served as selectman in the years 1817, 718 and ’19. He married Jane Burnham, who died April 20, 1801, leaving three children, and second, widow Rebecca Hurlbutt, in May, 1804, who died De- ccember 14, 1818, leaving six children. He died July 24, 1826. His children were Jane, Isaac, Asa W., Ira, Lyman, Rebecca, Elijah, Fanny, Mary C. and Alvin. Israel Camp, the ancestor of the Camp family in Hanover, was born in Milford, Conn., in 1756. When about a year old his father removed to Washington, Conr. About February 1, 1776, he volunteered for two months, and after his return home he enlisted for seven months with Captain Couch, joined the regiment of Col. Heman Swift, served near Whitehall, N. Y., and also served in the years 1778, ’79 and ’80, more or less. He married Bettie Hurlbutt, at Washington, Conn., and came to Hanover about 1784. He was TOWN OF HANOVER. 321 a farmer, and lived and died on the farm now owned by Charles H. Hurl- butt, dying April 24, 1840. His wife died October 29, 1834. He had thir-. teen children, seven of whom died unmarried. His children who married were Abial, born in Washington, Conn., January 9, 1781, married Sally Camp, removed to Chelsea, Vt., and had five children; Israel married Anna Barnes and removed to Illinois and left five children; Jonah, born in 1792, married Elvira Smith, of Chelsea, Vt., lived in Hanover on the farm now owned by Asa Spaulding, died November 26, 1824, leaving four children, none of whom now live in the town, Esther, born in Hanover in 1800, was the first wife of Colonel Ashbel Smith, and died in 1820; Betsey, born October 21, 1783, married Buel Barnes, February 12, 1805, and had eleven children; David, born in Washington, Conn., July 14, 1782, married Theoda, daughter of El- der Isaac Bridgman, March 23, 1808, lived upon the farm now owned by David H. Camp, and died July 26, 1832, having had eight children, as fol- lows: Rufus, born in Hanover April 8, 1809, represented the town in the legislature two years, married Betsey Hurlbutt by whom he had four children— Elizabeth, wife of William L. Barnes, David H., Mary T., wife of Jackson Spaulding, and Laura A.; Isaac, born in Hanover, December 12, 1810, mar- ried Oliver P. Woodward July 1, 1833, has eleven children,—Carlos D., Julia S., wife of Austin Wright, of Sparta, Wis., Joanna W., wife of Asa W. Fellows, Ellen M., Aurora O., wife of Charles R. Woodward, of Lebanon, Delia M., first wife of David J. Hurlbutt, Edna P., wife of David J. Hurl- butt, Isaac B., Millard C., Clarence H., and Esther T., widow of B. B. Holmes; David born in Hanover, October 12, 1812, served as selectman, justice of the peace, clerk of Baptist church, married Elvira E. Smith, April 27, 1834, who died October 15, 1854, having ten children, and he then mar- ried widow Adaline F. Shedd, November 25, 1858, the children being Charles H., a lawyer residing in East Saginaw, Mich., John S., Susanette, Laura Ann, Sarah F., wife of Chandler P. Smith, Abbie L., Esther T., Albert D., Julius W. and Leonard W., the last three lumber dealers in East Saginaw, Mich.; Amos, born in Hanover, December 11, 1814, married Abigail M. Graves, died here March 20, 1873, his four children being Malvina M., Emily, Frank B. and Eunice T.; Esther, born June 9, 1819, married Abel D. Johnson, lived in Hanover, and died March 16, 1853, her childrea being Susan T., Charles F., and Fayette B.; Cyrus, born in Hanover, married Nancy Kaapp and died in Lyme, N. H., March 16, 1877, his children being George W., Hattie M., Hattie I., wife of B. F. Bartlett, of Lyme, and Lewis P.; Asa, born in Hano- ver, married Mary A. Woodward, and has had eight children—Carlton N., Fred O., Frank P., Ardell L., first wife of L. C. Flanders, Ada L., Emma E., wife of Oren H. Waterman, Milton D., and Wilhe A.; and Franklin, born in Hano- ver, February 22, 1824, removed to Illinois, married Eliza Dowe, and has five children. William Hall, son of Webster Hall, was born December 18, 1789, in the house now owned and occupied by Calvin Webb, the house being built by 21* 322 TOWN OF HANOVER. Webster Hall, in 1781. Mr. Hall took an active part in the War of 1812, and was a man of literary ability, possessing a clear memory, and a deep ap- preciation of original thought. He married Mrs. Charlotte (Chase) Hall, of Concord, N. H., in 1823, who bore him one child, William, born July 13, 1825. The latter has always been a resident or this town, married Almeda E. Waterhouse, of Orford, December 30, 1848, and has had born to him two. children. Jacob Perley, born in Newbury, Mass., April 5, 1775, came to this town. about the year 1797. His son J. Samuel was born in Hanover, June 7, 1818, and is a farmer. He married Harriet E. Fellows, June 19, 1850. and has. one daughter. Lemuel Dowe, son of Ephraim Dowe who was born in Ipswich, Mass., in 1701, and grandson of Thomas and Susanna Dowe, of Ipswich, was: the first settler of that name in Hanover, and came to this town, from Cov-. entry, Conn., about 1777. He occupied for a time a log house which is sup- posed to have stood on the present pasture of Asa Spaulding, but soon after,. located upon land near the crossing of roads 16 and 4, where he died in 1818, aged eighty-two years. He married Annie Millington, and his children: were Susanna, Abigail, Anna, Lydia, Solomon and Lemuel, Jr. Solomon lived where Elijah Hurlbut now resides, and reared two children, Solomon, Jr., and Agrippa. The latter was at one time town clerk, Lemuel, Jr., married Tri- phena Dodge, and his children were Francis, Minerva, Tryphena, Ulysses and two others who died young. He was selectman for five years, about 1812, and was captain of militia. He taught district and singing school and was frequently called upon as a surveyor. He bought fifty acres of wild land which he cleared, and built the house where C. B. Dowe now lives. He died September 26, 1852, aged eighty-four years. Hisson Francis was born April 11, 1791, married Mary L. Church, and reared nine children. He moved to- Vermont, and finally located in Bethel. Ulysses was born March 5, 1808, married Esther Owen, and reared two children, Charles Byron, and Ellen E. He proved an apt scholar, and was very fond of music, especially the violin. and bass viol. When a youth, he made a violin for himself, and afterwards made several, most of which proved to be very superior instruments. He served as selectman in 1853, 58, ’59, 70 and’71, was town representative in 1864, served as justice of the peace five years, and was a captain of militia. He taught school, and was often employed as surveyor. He died July 16, 1874. His son Charles Byron, was born December 4, 1828, went to Ohio- in 1857, where he was engaged in trade. He enlisted in Co. E, 155th Ohio Vols., in 1864, and served in Virginia. After the close of the war he returned to Hanover where he has since lived. He served as townclerk in 1872, ’73 and "74, as selectman in 1875 and ’76, as supervisor in 1878, ’79, ’80 and ’81, and as town representative in 1880-81. He married twice, first, Vina H., daughter of Isaac Ross, October 20, 1833, who bore him one son, Lemuel A., a resident of New York city. Mr. Dowe married for his second wife TOWN OF HANOVER. 323 Ellen Smith, widow of E. B. Foster. Ellen E. Dowe married Orlando C. Blackmer, of Pomfret, Vt., a graduate of Williams college, and removed to Illinois. Their son Norbourn H. is a Congregational clergyman, a graduate from Williams college, and from the Union Theological Seminary, at Chicago. Nathaniel Hurlbutt, son of Gideon, was born in March, 1736, came to Hanover, from Washington, Conn., about 1782, when his son David was about eleven years of age, and located on the farm now owned by the heirs of C. C. Webb, on road 4. He married Bettie Taylor, and reared eight chil- dren, all born in Connecticut. His youngest son, David, retained his father’s farm, married Gratia Taylor, and had born to him thirteen children, eight of whom grew to maturity, and only one of whom, Elihu, the present postmaster of Hanover, is living. The latter married Emeline L. Goodell, of Lyme, June 8, 1842, and a week later moved into his present house, which was built by Jonathan Freeman, who kept store therein. Mr. Hurlbutt has heen justice of the peace since 1856, has been State justice, has been postmaster over twenty-five years, and selectman several years. His children are C. O. Hurl- butt, of Lebanon, Lucy R., wife of Professor Sherman, Fannie G., wife of George Medbury, residing in Illinois, Willard G., of Hanover, Harriet A., wife of Prof. J. V. Hazen, and Ida. Nathaniel, son of David, spent his life as a farmer in Hanover, and taught singing school. He married Marinda Spencer, and reared four children, three of whom are living, viz.: David J., the only son, is a prominent singer in Manchester, in the choir of Franklin street church; Ruth (Mrs. Lucius Stearns), resides in Lebanon ; and Ellen (Mrs. Frank Biathrow), resides in Orford. John, son of David, was a farmer, and lived at Hanover Center, where he reared five children. Foster, a Revolutionary soldier, was a native of Salisbury, N. H., and came to Hanover about 1800. His son Caleb was a captain of militia, and was always known by this title. He owned and conducted a tannery near Hanover Center many years, but during his later life owned a tannery in Lebanon. He reared seven children, two of whom are living, Horace, in Lebanon, and Celina (Mrs. Alden Kendrick), in Campton, P. Q. Caleb Con- verse, son of Caleb, was born at Hanover Center, was engaged three years in a store, but spent most of his life on a farm. He married three times, first, Laura Houston, who bore him one daughter ; second, Emily E. Jones, who bore him oneson and one daughter, John Henry and Emily (Mrs. F. W. Davison); and third, Sarah J. Dewey, who was the mother of one son, Charles A., and one daughter. Caleb C. died January 29, 1881, aged seventy-one years. John H. married Laura Storrs, and has two children. He has been engaged in trade for two years, but otherwise has been a farmer. He was deputy sheriff from 1879 to 1885. Richard Foster, brother of Caleb, and » uncle of Caleb C., reared seven sons, six of whom graduated from Darmouth ; college, and became Congregational ministers. Of these, three are living, j and two of them died in the army during the war of the Rebellion, 5 324 TOWN OF HANOVER. Benjamin Miller was born at Brookfield, Mass., and came to this town about 1798. He held the office of senator two years, was councilor two _ years, was town representative several times, and was also prominent in less important town offices. He married Esther Clapp, of Broukfield, Mass., reared a large family of children, and died in 1838. Benjamin D. Miller, son of Elijah, was born on the Miller homestead, at Hanover Center, November 23, 1810, received a common school education, and taught school for atime in Orford. In 1836 he bought a farm of Amos Tenney. The house was built by Mr. Tenney in 1800. Mr. Miller married twice, first, Marinda Tenney, who was the mother of Henry T., Delia A, (Mrs. Albert Merrill), and Eliza (Mrs, J. Steven), now deceased. He mar- ried for his second wife Anna, daughter of David Wright, who is the mother of Otis W. Benjamin D. died April 8, 1876. Otis W. resides with his mother. Nathaniel Merrill and his brother Ebenezer, came to Hanover from New- bury, when young men, and unmarried, bought two fifty-acre lots, and made a clearing in the southeastern part of the town. Ebenezer moved to Chel- sea, Vt. Nathaniel married Rachel, daughter of Daniel Morse, and reared five sons and four daughters. Louisa, the eldest now living, is the wife of John Stevens, of Canaan. Nathaniel P., was a fifer in the early militia, mar- ried Lucy Chandler, and has one son and one daughter, Edwin P. and Annie (Mrs. N. W. Emerson) of Hanover. Horatio N., a drover and farmer, owns the homestead. Albert H., born in Hanover, October 16, 1831, married Delia, daughter of Benjamin Miller, and has six children, viz.: Delia A. (Mrs. William Walker), E. Mianie (Mrs. H. A. Praddex), Etta F. (Mrs. Frank Emerson), George O., Ben E. and Abbie D. James Spencer was born at Norwich, Vi., in 1784, and moved to this town in 1814. His son Uel now lives on the farm where his father died. He was born December 19, 1839, and in 1867 enlisted in Co. C, 7th N. H. Vols, September 7, 1863, he was wounded by part of a flying shell, and was dis- charged from the ranks, February 4, 1864. He married Ruth F., daughter of M. C. Emerson, of this town, and has had born to him four children. Moses Hoyt was born March 22, 1738, married Lydia Gould, and it is suppused that they spent a part or nearly all of theirlives at Newport, N. H., except a few of the last years of their life, which they spent with their son Joseph at Hanover. Mr. Hoyt died February 14, 1814, and his widow died December 13, 1814. Their son Joseph was born at Newport, N. H., Sep- tember 27, 1778, married Mary Patterson, November 14, 1802, moved to Hanover in 1812, and bought the place now owned by B. F. Plummer. He was a farmer, and «dealt largely in sheep and cattle, purchasing for drovers. He died here May 14, 1849, and his widow died March 22, 1853. Their children were as follows: Polly, born September 12, 1805 ; Horace F., born April 4, 1811; Joseph, born September 13, 1813 ; Lydia, born April 21, 1817; and Betsey, born January 10, 1810. Polly married A. T. Dudley, had three children, Dorr, Horace and Betsey, and died December 21, 1848, Dorr TOWN OF HANOVER. 325 married Lydia, daughter of John Gould, and died leaving no children. Horace 'F, Dudley graduated from Dartmouth college, located.in Warsaw, N. Y., as a Congregational minister, and died of cancer, leaving twosons. Betsey Dua: ley married Solon Wright, and died of cancer. Betsey Hoyt died of consump- tion, November 21, 1834. Joseph, Jr., was drowned in the Mascoma river, at Lebanon, July 4, 1834. Lydia Hoyt married John Burrall, of Strafford, has had two children, John and Elizabeth, and resides in Strafford. Her son John moved to Wisconsin, where he died, and Elizabeth married Dana White, of Strafford, where she resides. Horace F. Hoyt married Caroline E., daughter of Daniel Hardy, of Lebanon, March 22, 1833. Mrs. Hoyt died January 8, 1875. His daughter Mary J. was born at Strafford, Vt., May 4, 1837, married S. P. Berry, in 1856, and lives on the Hardy farm in Leba- non. They have two children, Ida, wlio married Albert F. Brown, and lives in Providence, R. I., and Walter, who resides with his parents. Eliza Hoyt was born in Hanover, February 4, 1848; and married Simon Ward, Jr. They live on the Isaac Babbitt’s farm in Hanover, and have three children, Cora, Florence and Josephine. Dea. H. F. Hoyt, Jr., was born at Enfield, October 26, 1842, married Minnie R. Coates, November 5, 1868, and soon after. their marriage, both joined the Baptist church, at Etna, of which Mr. Hoyt was elected deacon. He was elected third selectman in March, 1879, and was chosen second selectman in 1880, ’81, ’82, and ’83. He has spent most of his life, with the exception of a few years of his childhood, in Hanover, his father living with him, on the Milton Kingsbury farm, which they have owned for more than thirty years. Capt. Albert Stark, son of Zephaniah and Susanna (Porter) Stark, was born in Hanover, November 6, 1811. He was captain of a local -vilitia at one time, married Alice Dodge, and has one son and three daughters, viz.: Reuben P., of Buffalo, N. Y., Dolly R., wife of J. R. Hewes, of Lyme, Alice D., wife of William West, of Boston, and Mary E. (Mrs. Thomas H. Bruce), of Elgin, Ill. Reuben Benton came to Hanover about 1826, locating where his son Charles now lives, served as selectman and justice of the peace, and reared nine children. Of these, George lives at Union Village, Vt., and Charles re- sides in Hanover. The latter was born in Norwich, Vt., in 1819, married Elizabeth L. Barker, of Windsor, Vt., and has had born to him chil- dren, as follows: Martha E., Adaline F., Lizzie J., Achsa A., Charles F., Laura M., Annie O., Frank A. and Marjorie. Mr. Benton has held the of- fice of selectman eight years, town treasurer six years, has been supervisor since 1878, police justice since 1876, and was town representative in 1879— 80. His farm is a part of the original grant to Eleazer Wheelock for Dart- mouth college. Ebenezer Eaton, Stephen Scales, Jethro Goss and Daniel Morse were among the earliest settlers in the Goss neighborhood. Jethro Goss came to the west farm in Canaan, from Portsmouth, about 1800. He married Su- 326 TOWN OF HANOVER. sanna Cate about 1804-05, who bore him three sons and two daughters, He first settled where his son Levi M. now lives, about 1815. The latter bought the farm where Ebenezer Eaton first settled, and where Ransom L. Goss now lives, about thirty years ago. Russell occupied the homestead until about fourteen years ago, when Levi M. bought it. The latter spent several years in Plainfield, where he married Almira Cole, who bore him seven chil- dren, two of whom died in infancy, The others are Susan (Mrs. William Tilton), of Enfield, Mary (Mrs. Philip Bullock), of Enfield, Ransom ‘L., Parker J., of Hanover, and Almira (Mrs. George Barnard), of Claremont. Levi M. was nick-named-“ Hero” in his youth, a name by which he is now best known. Richard Currier moved to Enfield, from Salisbury, when a young man, and for fifty years kept a hotel on the fourth New Hampshire turnpike, also kept a small store. Of his ten children, Jonathan G. is the only son now living, and Mehitable Sawyer, of Linden, Mass., is the only surviving daughter. Jonathan G. was born at Enfield, in 1809, and during his early life was a mail contractor and stage driver for about a dozen years. In 1838 he bought the Dartmouth Hotel and Hanover House, and leased them to, different men, while he carried on stage and livery stable business, and conducted a large farm which he owned. He has erected many of the present buildings in Hanover. Asa Dodge Smith, A. M., D. D., LL. D., son of Dr. Rogers and Sally (Dodge) Smith, was born at Amherst, N. H., September 21, 1804, His father’s family came from Massachusetts at the opening of the Revolutionary war. When he was about seven years of age his parents removed to Ches- ter, Vt. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Simeon Ide, of Wind- sor, to learn the printer’s trade. After mastering this he obtained a release from his apprenticeship and became a student in the academy at Chester, and afterward in Kimball Union academy. In 1826 he entered Dartmouth college, graduating in 1830. He taught a year in Limerick, Me., and in 1831 entered the Theological seminary at Andover, Mass., completed his course in 1834, and immediately became pastor of a newly organized Presbyterian church in New York city. Over this church, at first called the Brainerd church, and later on, through a change of location, the Fourteenth street church, he continued for twenty-nine years. Invited to the presidency of Dartmouth college in 1863, he accepted the invitation, and removed with his family to Hanover. They occupied the house opposite the northeast corner of the common, known as the “‘ Rood” house, until February, 1865, whenhe purchased the old Brewster place on Wheelock street, where two of his chil- dren still reside. The thirteen years which he devoted to the service of his Alma Mater constituted the closing period of an active and successful life. He died in 1877, and was buried in Hanover cemetery. His wife, Sarah Ann Adams, was a daughter of Captain John Adams, of North Andover, Mass. She survived him five years and now rests by his side. William TOWN OF HANOVER. 327 ‘Thayer Smith, A.M., M. D., their son, was born in New York city and be- came a resident of Hanover in 1864. He is a graduate of Yale college and the medical department of Dartmouth college, and of the University of the ‘City ot New York, a physician of wide and successful practice, and is as- -sociate professor of anatomy and physiology in the medical ‘department of Dartmouth college. Prof. Edward R. Ruggles was born in Norwich, Vt., October 22, 1837, graduated from Dartmouth college in 1859, studied five years in French and ‘German universities, and returned to Dartmouth in 1864 as instructor in modern languages. In 1867 he became professor of modern languages for ‘Chandler Scientific Department, and succeeded Professor Woodman in charge of that department on the death of the latter, in which position he still remains. His wife is Charlotte, daughter of Hon. Daniel Blaisdell, a graduate of Dartmouth college, and for forty years its treasurer, also one of tthe leading lawyers of the county. Prof. Elihu T. Quimby was born in Danville, N. H., July 17, 1826, gradu- ated from Dartmouth in 1851, and immediately became principal of New Ips- wich Appleton academy, from which, in 1864, he came to Dartmouth as pro- fessor of mathematics in the academical department, where he continued until 1878. In 1871 he became connected with the United States coast survey, and since 1878 has devoted his entire time to this work. In 1881-82 he was the representative from Hanover. His wife was Nancy A. Cutler, of Hart- ford, Vt. Mr. Quimby was engaged in the civil war two years, in connec- tion with the Christian commission, and wrote the Thompson & Quimby ‘Collegiate algebra. Prof. John Vose Hazen, son of Norman Hazen, was born in Royalston, Mass. His father died when he was a year and a half old, and his mother, Marthy (Vose) Hazen, rémoved to Atkinson, N. H., where her son fitted for college. He entered the Chandler Scientific Department of Dartmouth college and graduated in the class of 1875, and from the Thayer school of ‘Civil Engineering in 1876. For one year he was engaged in civil engineer- ing, and one year in teaching, as principal of Atkinson academy. In Sep- tember, 1878, he returned to Hanover as tutor in the Chandler Scientific Department, and was elected to the professorship he now fills in 1881. Stephen Chase, youngest son of Benjamin Pike Chase, was born at Ches- ter, N. H., and fitted for. college at Pinkerton academy, in Derry, N. H. He entered Dartmouth college in 1829, and graduated from there in 1832. He studied for the ministry at Andover Theological seminary for one year, after which he became a teacher, and in 1838, was appointed a professor of math- ematics in Dartmouth college. In the same year he married Sarah T. Goud- win, of South Berwick, Me., and located in Hanover. He held the profes- sorship until his death, January 7, 1851. His son Frederick graduated from Dartmouth college in 1860, married Mary F. Pomeroy, of Detroit, Mich., in 1871, and has four children. He is now judge of probate for Grafton 328 TOWN OF HANOVER. county, attorney-at-law, and treasurer of Dartmouth college. Walter W., the youngest son of Stephen, graduated from Dartmouth college in 1865, and studied law in Washington, where he was admitted to the bar. He estab- lished a practice in New York city, but on account of failing health relin- quished it in 1873, and went to California, seeking health, where he died the following year. His widow and four children now reside in Hanover. Edwin David Sanborn, LL. D.,* who lately died here, was long and favor- ably knownin Hanover. The class which graduated at Dartmouth in 1832, though numbering but thirty-three, gave the college three professors: Stephen Chase, the brilliant mathematician, Daniel James Noyes, professor of theol- ogy, and later of political economy, and Edwin David Sanborn, who occu- pied the professor’s chair from 1835 until 1880, with the exception of four years, when he was professor in Washington university, St. Louis, Mo, Professor Sanborn was born in Gilmanton, N. H., May 14, 1808. His. father, David E. Sanborn, taught winter school for many years, and was especially noted as a penman, his “copies” being in great demand. Inherit- ing from his father an extensive farm, to which he gradually made large addi- tions, he became a progressive, enterprising and successful farmer. Professor Sanborn’s mother, Hannah Hook, daughter of Capt. Dyer Hook, of Chichester, was a woman of great energy and sterling character. She became the mother of nine children, all but one of whom lived to grow up, and three sons came to occupy positions of prominence and extended influ- ence. Dyer H. Sanborn, the eldest, was for many years a popular instructor in several seminaries and academies in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and the author of two grammars, well-known, and for many years extensively used. John Sewall Sanborn graduated at Dartmouth in 1842, settled at Sher- brooke, P. Q., ard soon gained distinction at the bar. He was a represent- ative in the Canadian parliament, and one of the original members of the Dominion parliament under the Act of Confederation. In 1873 he was called to the Court of Queen’s Bench, which position he filled with conspicu- ous ability until his death in 1877. Professor Sanborn’s boyhood was spent in working on his father’s farm, and attending district school a few weeks each winter, until at sixteen he en- tered the academy at Gilmanton. Up to this time he had never seen a Latin book, but mastered Adams’ Latin Grammar in six weeks. Three years later, in 1828, he entered Dartmouth college, having meantime taught three terms and worked each summer on the farm. “During this time,” he says, “I was burdensome to no one, as I earned as a laborer on the farm all that my par- ents expended upon me.” In his college course he taught school each winter, and for nine months during his Senior year; and, in spite of these interrup- * Contributed by Prof. E. R. Ruggles, of Dartmouth college. TOWN OF HANOVER. : 329 tions, graduated second in rank, with the Latin salutatory, Professor Noyes taking the first place. With a strong desire for knowledge, a student in the noblest sense, his chief aim not class rank, though not indifferent to it, he dis- played the same broad and generous scholarship by which he was later char- acterized. After graduation he was principal of the academy at Topsfield, Mass, and was called in 1833 to take charge of the academy at Gilmanton, which he himself had entered but nine years before. The very next year’ eight of his students came to the college. Dartmouth now offered him a tutorship, which he declined, as he had de- cided upon the profession of law, having already entered his name in the office of Stephen C. Lyford, Esq., of Meredith Bridge, now Laconia. After’ a few months of close study, to use his own words, “ finding the law as it was then practiced disagreeable to my taste, I resolved to go to Andover and study divinity.” Professor Sanborn’s reputation for classical scholarship seems to have preceded him, as he had hardly reached Andover when he was asked to give instruction in Phillips academy, and did so during the entire time he was connected with the seminary. In the autumn of 1835, a tutorship at Dartmouth was again offered and accepted ; but a few weeks later Mr. Sanborn was elected professor of the Latin and Greek languages, taking the prose of both languages while his: distinguished colleague, Professor Alpheus Crosby, taught the poetry. Very soon, however, Professor Crosby went abroad, and Professor Sanborn gave the entire instruction in Latin and Greek, until his return, in 1837, when the prefessorship was divided, Professor Crosby taking the Greek, and Professor Sanborn the Latin. Magnificently endowed, physically as well as mentally, trained to hard work, and full of enthusiasm, he entered on his duties with an ambition to master his department of instruction, He read critically not only the authors taught in the class-room, but in a few years compassed the entire range of Latin literature, on which he gave his classes a large number of exceedingly inter- esting and instructive lectures. In spite of his marvelous memory, and his thorough and comprehensive knowledge of Latin, he never came before his class without looking over the lesson of the day, and thus by constantly refreshing his own interest, was able to awaken interest in others. For twenty-two years he filled the Latin chait with distinguished ability, until called, in 1859, to the university professorship of Latin and Classical Liter- ature in Washington university, St. Louis, Mo. In the same year, in recog- nition of his long and efficient service in education and literature, the Uni- versity of Vermont conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws. Entering on his new duties in the full strength of a vigorous manhood, with large experience, thorough scholarship, and the prestige of brilliant suc- cess, he at once aroused a lively enthusiasm in the studies of his department. In March, 1863, the trustees of Dartmouth tendered Dr. Sanborn the Professorship of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres, made vacant by the transfer of 330 ‘ TOWN OF HANOVER. Professor Brown to the chair of Intellectual Philosophy and Political Econ- omy. He left his work in St. Louis with reluctance, constrained to do so by the urgency of the call, and the disastrous effects of t1e war in the social and financial interests of the State of Missouri. A great reader from his col- lege days, with a wide range of knowledge, embracing almost every subject of value, thoroughly grounded in all that was best in English letters, Pro- fessor Sanborn now entered a field calculated to stimulate him to highest ‘intellectual activity, and in which he could use to advantage his vast stores of knowledge. Later on he said, “the teaching of English literature was a pleasure, and I made myself so familiar with the entire cause that I was never obliged to carry a text-book into the class-room.” His methods of instruction were varied, original and in the highest degree ‘stimulating, so much so that President Smith once wrote: “so deep an in- terest has been awakened in the Belles-Lettres studies, and exercises, that fears have been entertained that other departments might be overshadowed. For seventeen years Dr. Sanborn occupied the chair of English litera- ture, resigning in 1880, and it is not too much to say that during this period, no similar chair in any American college was filled with more distinguished ability. Dr. Sanborn wasa graceful and vigorous writer, and everything from his “pen was interesting as well as valuable. He prepared more than a thousand articles for newspapers, besides a large number for reviews and magazines, ‘some of which attracted wide attention. Among the most marked of these were “ European and American Universities,” in the orth American Review for 1855, and ‘“ Partisanship in History,” in the Wew Englander in 1859. In 1875 he published “a History of New Hampshire,” which cost him a large amount of time and labor, and which displayes ample knowledge and careful research. He adapted the novel method of treating the matter by topics and not as a continuous narrative, a method which had decided advan- tages for those who seek special information. In a critical notice, the late James T. Fields said: ‘‘ The work is clear, -coherent, and well arranged narrative, critical as well as historical, and written in an interesting and vigorous style.” When Fletcher Webster was about to prepare his father’s private corre- spondence for publication, he invited Professor Sanborn to assist him, and a very busy but delightful winter was spent at Marshfield, in what to him was a labor of love. The introduction was mainly from his pen, and to his critical judgment the merits of the work are largely due. He also furnished a con- siderable part of the reminiscences of Daniel Webster, edited by Peter Harvey. Endowed by nature with a fine presence, an agreeable and powerful voice, and thoroughly trained in all the details of the orator’s art, his efforts in the pulpit, on the platform and before audiences of various, kinds were char- acterized by vigor and force, sometimes brilliant, and always -worthy of the theme and the occasion. His services were always in demand, and he gave .a large number of addresses, lectures and orations, on a variety of subjects TOWN OF HANOVER. 331 before societies, conventions, and bodies of different kinds. The eulogies on President Harrison, President Taylor and Daniel Webster, are among the best pronounced on these distinguished statesmen. Among the many ad- ‘dresses on educational subjects, two lectures before the American Institute of Instruction were among the best of the kind. In 1850, Dr. Sanborn was a member of the State constitutional convention, and on the resolution to create a superintendent of pubic institution made a speech of great ability and power. In 1876, when an orator was to be selected for New Hampshire day at the Centennial, in Philadelphia, the choice naturally fell on him, and.the oration which he pronounced on that occasion was one of his most brilliant and masterly efforts. In June, 1884, a large number of the sons of Dartmouth, and distinguished strangers, were assembled in Hanover, to lay the corner stone of the Wilson library, and here he addressed a public audience. for the last time. His voice was still clear and resonant, his language eloquent, his thought lofty ; but age and disease had left their traces on his powerful frame, and when he ended there was hardly a dry eye among those his old pupils who revered and loved him. His life had been passed among books, the college library of which he had been many years the custodian had been a special object of his care, and the occasion seemed especially beautiful and fitting for leave- taking. Professor Sanborn was licensed to preach by a Congregational council, in 1836, and though he never sought ordination, was a preacher of extraordi- nary earnestness and power, often speaking without notes, and always awak- ening the liveliest interest. He was, for many years, a deacon in the college church, and in every movement for the advancement of village and college, he took a prominent part. For thirteen years he held most of the justice courts in Hanover, was twice representative in the State legislature, and in 1869 was elected to the New Hampshire Senate. This position, however, he could not accept, as the trustees of the college had some time previously prohibited the college pro- fessors from holding any political office, except in the town, December 11, 1837, he was married in Boscawen, to Mary Ann, daughter Euhoit Webster, a lady gentle, refined and attractive, whose whole life was a perpetual benediction to all those within the sphere of her influence. She died December 30, 1864, leaving three children,—Kate Sanborn, well-known asan authoress, with rare native endowments, anda knowledge of literature, which amply qualified her to have succeeded her father in the professor's chair, Mary Webster, wife of Paul Babcock, Esq., of New York, and Edward W., who graduated at Dartmouth, in 1878, and is now a successful lawyer in New York city. In January, 1868, Professor Sanborn was married to Mrs. Sarah F. Clark, of Detroit, who survives him. 332 TOWN OF HANOVER. Professor Sanborn died in New York city, where he had gone with the hope of improving his health, December 29, 1885, and lies buried within sound of the college bell, in the old cemetery, in Hanover. Joseph Emerson, son of Joseph, who moved to Norwich, from Westfield, Mass., about 1795, was born in Norwich, Vt., October 3, 1807, and when. twenty years of age became clerk for Roswell Shurtleff, who kept one of the three stores in Norwich. In 1834 he came to Hanover, was employed in selling out the stock of the Governor Lang store, and was also in the employ of Otis Freeman. In 1839 he began business for himself, where the Dart- mouth Bank now is, and six or seven years later he located in the building which S. W. Cobb now occupies as a store, where he continued in trade until 1853, when he sold out and retired from business, He was the agent of the: United States and Canada Express for over thirty years, beginning when the company first organized. He married twice, first, Anna P., daughter of Rev. Dr. Shurtleff, who bore him one son, Roswell S., who owns and occu- pies a plantation of 1,800 acresin Louisiana. Mr. Emerson married for his: second wife Alice Cameron, a native of Ryegate, Vt., in 1883. Ira B. Allen was born in Chelsea, Vt., and about 1835 began driving stage for a Mr. Norton, from Chelsea to Hanover, which he continued for seven years. He purchased an interest in the line from Montpelier to Hanover, about 1844, and was identified with staging until the railroad superseded the coach. He located in Hanover in 1845, and has since extensively conducted: the livery business, his brother Samuel having been his partner until 1850. Mr. Allen opened the street bearing his name, in Hanover, from School street. to Main. Elias Smith, now the oldest man residing in Hanover, was born in Beverly, Mass., November 8, 1796, and when sixteen or seventeen years of age be- came a sailor. During the war of 1812 he was captured and held a prisoner by the British for nineteen months. He came to Hanover about thirty years. ago. He married Matilda Stiles, of Hillsboro, and has had born to him six. sons and six daughters. Three of his sons, James Madison, who died in Sal- isbury prison, Stephen D., who lost his left leg in the service, and Alonzo A. served in the late war, in the 7th N. H. Vols. Stephen Eastman moved to Canaan, from Danville, about 1788-89, when his son James was about eight or nine years of age. This son was left be- hind while his parents went ahead and built a log house. He started later on foot and was overtaken by a man on horseback, who took him on behind him, and thus he rode to his new home. This man was William Longfellow, who settled the farm where Harry Follansbee now lives. Stephen married Miriam Quimby, of Hampstead, and reared one son and two daughters. He died in his forty-ninth year, of injuries received in raising a barn. His son James became a house carpenter, cabinet maker, lumber manufacturer, and was also afarmer. He married Polly French, and reared eleven children, of whom Larnard L., James, Richard B. and Mary F., the wife of George clink TOWN OF HANOVER. 333 Smith, of Plainfield, are living. Larnard L, and Stephen became Methodist ministers, the former now lives at Methuen, Mass., and the latter died in 1855 Richard B. resides on road 25, and owns the farm on which his grandfather settled. James, Jr., married Susan L. Williams, and has three children, Stephen, Martha J. (Mrs. C. A. Manning, M. D.), of Manchester, and James F. He has lived in Hanover for twenty-five years, on road r1, taught school in his early life, but has been mostly engaged in farming, and has one of the best farms in town, located east of Moose mountain. Micah C, Howe was born in Newbury, N. H., and came to Tunis district, in Hanover, in 1861. He served ten months in the late war, in Co. H, r6th N. H. Vols. He married Harriet C. Smith, September 1, 1859, and has three children, Angie F. (Mrs. George W. Lambert), of Lyme, Etta 3. and Alberton. Rev. Joseph B. Morse, son of John, of Amnesty, who settled in Haverhill about 1800, was born May 21, 1814, was educated at Dartmouth college, and married Maria Ripley, of Barre, Vt., in 1837. He taught district school before entering college, and also taught afterward, teaching eighteen years in Charleston, Mass., about seventeen years in the Harvard school, six years of which time he was without sight, unable to read a word, teaching entirely by the discipline acquired in college. He has for over fifty years been a Uni- versalist minister, was located as pastor over several churches in Vermont and New Hampshire, including five years in Orford. He has lived in Hanover since 1867. Cornelius A. Field, a native of Berlin, Vt., came to this town in 1862. He was formerly engaged in trade at Montpelier, for a period of fifteen years, In 1864 he was appointed postmaster, an office which he filled until 1885. He has been agent of the telegraph company since 1864, secretary of Hanover Gaslight Company since its formation in 1872, and a member of the school ‘board for two years. ‘ i Prof. John K. Lord was born in Cincinnati, O., fitted for college at Mont- pelier, Vt., and graduated from Dartmouth college in 1868. He taught in Appleton academy, New Ipswich, one year, and became tutor at Dart- mouth college in £869, with which institution he has since been connected. He became associate professor of Latin in 1872, the position he now fills, and also filled the Evans professorship of rhetoric, two years. Langdon Sherman, son of William, was a descendant of Rev. Beriah Sher- man, who was an early chaplain of Yale college, and was born at Waitsfield, Vt., in 1806. He married Pamelia P. Smith, and had born to him six chil- dren, three of whom are living, viz.: Lucy J., Celia and Emma, the wife of Wilton M. Lindsey, of Warren, Pa. Mr. Sherman died in 1865. Frank A. Sherman was born in Knox, Me., October 4, 1847, attended school at Bucksport, Me., and graduated from Chandler’s Scientific Depart- ment Dartmouth college, in 1870. He was appointed professor of mathe- matics in this department in 1871, a position he still holds. 334 TOWN OF HANOVER. Henry Griswold Jesup, was born at Westport, Conn., January 23, 1826, attended school at East Granville, Mass., fitted for a college at Hopkins Grammer school, New Haven, Conn., graduated from Yale college in 1847, and from Union Theological seminary in 1853. He was pastor in Stanwich, Conn., from 1853 to 1862, resided for a time at Amherst, Mass., until elected to the professorship of Natural History at Dartmouth college in 1876, which position he now holds in the Chandler Scientific Department and in the Agri: cultural college. Prof. C. H. Pettee was born in Manchester, N. H., fitted for college in the schools of his native city, graduated from the Manchester high school, in 1870, from Dartmouth college in 1874, and from the Thayer School of Civil Engineering in 1876. He was instructor of mathematics and civil engineer- ing in the College of Agriculture and in Thayer school, for one year. In 1877, he was appointed professor of mathematics, which position he now fills in the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Prof. John H. Wright was born in Persia, in 1852, while his father, Rev. Austin H. Wright, M. D., was a missionary in Oroomiah, Persia. He gradu- ated from Dartmouth college in 1873, and at once became professor of Greek and Latin in Ohio State University, where he remained until 1876. He spent the next two years in Germany, and in 1878 became associate professor of Greek in Dartmouth college. Prof. Thomas R. Crosby, M. D., youngest son of Dr. Asa Crosby, was. born at Gilmanton, N. H., October 22, 1816, and graduated from Dartmouth college in 1841, taking also his degree of M. D. He married Louisa Part- ridge, daughter of Col. Oliver Burton, U.S. A. He practiced in Meriden and Manchester, was chief surgeon in Columbian college hospital, Washing- ton, D. C., during the war, was professor in the medical college of that city, and afterward became professor in Dartmouth college, of animal and vege- table physiology in the agricultural department, and instructor of naturab history in the academical and scientific department. During much of his professional life he was an invalid, but was indefatigable in habits of study, steadily advancing to posts of honor and reward, both as practitioner and teacher. He died in Hanover, March 1, 1872. Rev. Gabriel Campbell, was born at Dalrymple Parish, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1838, and in 1842 his father, Robert Campbell, moved to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he now lives, a real estate dealer and broker. Gabriel graduated from the State Normal school and State university of Michigan, and from the Chicago Theological seminary. He studied philosophy in Berlin, Germany, where he was made a member of the Philosophical society, of that city. He was connected with the Minnesota State university, at Minneapolis for thirteen years, was vice-president for some time, and declined the offer of presidency. He was afterwards elected to the Stone professorship at Bowdoin college and after two years to the professorship established by the same estate in Dart- mouth college, where he entered in the spring of 1883. He is the possessor as TOWN OF HANOVER. 335 of a badge of the Legion of Honor, presented for honorable service as captaim of Co. E., 17th Michigan Inf. He married Louise T. McMahon, of Man- chester, Mich., and has five children. Prof. Rufus B. Richardson, a native of Westford, Mass., attended schook at Lawrence academy, Groton, Mass., and graduated from Yale college in 1869. He was a tutor in Yale college four years, and professor of Greek at Indiana university two years. He was elected to the Lawrence professor- ship of Greek in Dartmouth college, in 1882, which position he now holds. He served one year in the Rebellion, enlisting in the 6th Mass. Vols. Professor Arthur S. Hardy was born at Andover, attended Amherst col-- lege, graduated from West Point military academy in 1869, and became lieutenant in the 3d Regt. U.S. Artillery, from which he resigned in 1870. He was professor of civil engineering and applied mathematics, from 1870 to- 1873, was professor of civil engineering of the Chandler Scientific Depart- ment, from 1874 to 1878, and was then elected to the chair of mathematics in Dartmouth college. Professor Charles F. Emerson was born at Chelmsford, Mass., September 28, 1843, attended school at Westford, Mass., and at Appleton academy, New Ipswich, N. H., and graduated from Dartmouth colleze, in 1868. He remained there as instructor, tutor, associate professor of natural philosophy and math- ematics, from 1872 to 1878, and was elected to the Appleton professorship of natural philosophy, in 1878, a position he still holds. Professor Clarence W. Scott was born at Plymouth, Vt., August 20, 1849,. attended the Normal school at Randolph, and the Kimball Union academy. He graduated from Dartmouth college, in 1874, and was librarian of Dart- mouth college from 1874 to 1878. He was admitted to the bar at Wood- stock, Vt., in December, 1879, and was chosen to the professorship of Eng- lish language and literature, in the New Hampshire College of Agriculture, ia 1881. Robert Fletcher, Ph. D., professor in charge of Thayer School of Civil Engineering, was born in New York city, August 23, 1847, was educated at the public schools and the college of that city, and graduated from West: Point Military academy, in 1868. He served in the United States artillery one year, and was instructor in mathematics at the military academy, from October, 1869, to October, 1870, when he received the appointment to his. present position, from General Sylvanus Thayer, the founder of the professor- ship He has been an advocate of the American society of Civil Engineers, since 1875. Professor Benjamin T. Blanpied was born at Seville, O., July 24, 1848, at- tended the Ohio Wesleyan university, at Delaware, O., and graduated from Bethany college, in West Virginia, in 1871. During the same year he was ‘elected tutor at New Hampshire College of Agriculture, and two yeais later he was appointed associate professor. He became professor of chemistry in 1876, and is now the senior professor of the college. 336 TOWN OF HANOVER. Rev. Henry E. Parker, D. D., was born in Keene, N. H., April 17, 1821, -attended the schools of that place, and also Kimball Union academy. He ‘graduated from Dartmouth college in 1841, after which he became a teacher, and studied for the ministry at the Union Theological seminary, of New York. He was a clergyman nineteen years, and was chaplain in the army -during the late war, for eighteen months. He was elected to the Daniel Webster professorship of Latin, and since that time has been a resident of Hanover. Many of his sermons and addresses have been published. He married Mary Elizabeth (Brackett) Huntley, April 22, 1856, and has two chil- -dren, Henry Horatio, who graduated from Dartmouth college in 1882, and Alice, who is a graduate of the Bradford female seminary, in Massachu- -setts. Charles Henry Hitchcock, A. M., Ph. D., the weil known geologist of Dartmouth college, and a son of president Edward Hitchcock, of Amherst college, was born in Amherst, Mass., August 23, 1836. Mr. Hitchcock fitted for college at Williston seminary, of East Hampton, Mass., and graduated from Amherst with high honors in 1856. He subsequently studied theology at An- over, Mass., andalso attended the Royal School of Mines, at London, Eng., 1866-67. Among the positions he has filled are the following: assistant geolo- gist of Vermont, 1857-60; State gevlogist of Maine, 1861-62; professor of geology at Lafayette college, Easton, Pa., 1867-70; lecturer on zoology and curator of the cabinets at Amherst college, 1858-64; State geologist of New Hampshire, 1868-78 ; professor of geology and mineralogy in Dartmouth -college from 1869 to the present time; professor of geology, temporarily, at Williams college and at the Virginia State agricultural college. Aside from this multitude of cares, Mr. Hitchcock has in his busy life borne that of pro- fessionally visiting most of the States, territories and provinces of North America, having had an office as mining geologist in New York city from 1865 to 1369. He has also traveled in Europe a year, visited the Sandwich Islands, and is now (spring of 1886) absent on a second trip to the latter place. Mr. Hitchcock has also contributed largely to scientific literature, -among his larger works bzing the “‘ Geological Reports” of Vermont, Maine and New Hampshire, respectively, while he has also published or written for publication more than one hundred scientific papers, and is the author of a general geological map of the United States, and made the large relief map of New Hampshire, which commands so much attention at the State House in Concord. He married a daughter of Prof. E. P. Barrows, of Andover Theological seminary, who has borne him five children. George H. Whitcher, son of Joseph A., was born at Strafford, N. H., graduated from New Hampshire College of Agriculture, in 1881, and became superintendent of the college farm in April, 1884. Elbert Hewitt was born in Pomfret, Vt., July 30, 1843, and lived with his father, Lucian Hewitt, a teacher and farmer, until he was eighteen years of age. In April, 1862, he enlisted in Co. F, r7th U. S. Inf., and served in the ie Ba TOWN OF HANOVER. 337 Army of the Potomac, under McClellan. He was in the second battle of Bull Run, where he received a wound in the left breast, breaking one rib, but did not leave his company on account of the wound, He was taken with fever, and was discharged for disability in May, 1864. In August, 1864, he re-enlisted in Co. C, 6th Vt. Vols., and in the battle of Winchester, Septem- ber 19, 1864, was hit in the face with a piece of shell, his lower jaw broken in three places, twelve teeth shot out, and his upper jaw split open. The same piece of shell killed his comrade by his side, and he himself was left for dead. He finally revived and reached a hospital, where he remained until June, 1865, undergoing three surgical operations, and the wound has never fully healed. Mr. Hewitt has resided in Hanover since 1875. He mar- ried Augusta, daughter of Alvin I. Merrill, of this town. Joseph Tilden, with his sons Joseph, Stephen, Elisha and Joel, moved to Lebanon, from Connecticut, at a very early date. He owned a large tract of land opposite and above Olcott Falls, where his sons Joseph and Joel lived and reared families. The latter kept a store near the falls, Elisha served in the Revolution, and Stephen moved tc Canada. Joseph, Sr., lived to be nearly roo years of age. Lydia, Betsey and Joseph Tilden, of Hanover, are great- grandchildren of Joseph Tilden, who came from Connecticut. Rev. Samuel H. Smith, son of Jonathan, who was a carpenter and wheel- wright, was born at Conway, Mass., in 1811, and was brought up to the trade of his father. He became a member of the Baptist church at Rutland, Vt., in 1831, and has been a preacher of the Gospel since 1840. His first charge | was at West Dummerston, Vt., from May, 1840, to 1842. He first became identified with Grafton county as pastor of the Baptist charch at Lyme Cen- ter, in 1863, filling the pastorate with approbation nine years. He then en- tered in pastoral relation in Hanover, where he still remains. He married three times, first, Hannah P. Field, of Rutland, Vt., in 1832, and has had born to him four children, viz.: Bertha A., Charles E., who died in childhood, an infant who died unnamed, and Delia H., the wife of F. F. Flint, of Lyme. Mrs. Smith died April 27, 1854, and he married for his second wife Ellen M. Copps, December 12, 1854, who bore him one son and died in 1859, the child dying in 1860. Mr. Smith married for his third wife Hannah Kendall, a native of Chester, Vt., February 19, 1860, who has borne him two sons, Edmund J. and Edmund H., both of whom died in childhood. Rev. E. H. Smith represented Lyme in the legislature, in 1867, and has been town clerk of Hanover about four years. CHURCHES. The religious interests of this town have been, like those of others near it for the most part in the hands of the so-called “orthodox ees beginning with a sort of independent Presbyterlanism, which passed = on- gregationalism very early in the present century. The first preachers were 22* 338 TOWN OF HANOVER. sent up from Connecticut, hired by the proprietors for a few months each summer, beginning with 1766. Rev. Knight Sexton, of Hartford, officiated several seasons in that capacity, occupying for a meeting-house, it is said, a log hut near the river.and about midway of the town, in which a hollow bass-. wood stump served the purpose of a pulpit. An independent church was organized by the Rev. Mr. Powers, of Haver- hill, some time prior to 1770, without any other official sanction. In 1772 Rev. Eden Burroughs was called from Killingly, Conn., and settled in due: form over the parish under the official patronage of the town, and took the land reserved for the first settled minister, as well as other land given him by individuals to induce his acceptance of the call. This church, located near the- center of the town, and its successor, rank as the first. A meeting-house- was built in 1773, near the center of the town. : The college district obviously required a separate provision of its own, and in January, 1771, a church was organized there by President Wheelock, with-- out assistance, and independent of town assistance or control. The town recognized the propriety of this arrangement by excusing the college district from contribution to the salary of Mr. Burroughs. Both of these churches. came into relations with the Presbyterian organization as prominent members of the Grafton Presbytery, at its inception in 1773. Troubles arose in the Central church as early as 1784, in consqeuence of which Mr. Burroughs, with his adherents, withdrew from the Presbytery and ceased to be recognized by the town as its official pastor, Rev. Samuel Col- lins being substituted in his place. Through an appeal by him to the courts. the town was afterwards obliged to pay him his salary for a considerable time,. notwithstanding the separation. ‘Two churches existed in consequence side by side. Mr. Burroughs and his friends erected a house of their own a little north of the parade-ground at the Center village, while the other body re- tained possession of the meeting-house that the town had built, at the south end of the parade, about a quarter of a mile distant. In the meantime, as early as 1785, doubts had arisen with some of the- people about baptism, and there grew up, in 1791, a Baptist church, which, in 1825, built a neat and convenient brick edifice two miles south of the Cen-. ter, near the mills, and which still maintains its identity. During the long controversy of the churches at the Center, other denomi- nations got a foothold, notably the Universalists, but without any definite: organization, and in 1797 the old town church was burned, and a new one built by the united efforts of several denominations, to each of which privi- leges in it were accorded. This was the end of all official connection of the town in religious matters. In 1810, after long negotiation, the two churches. at the Center were again brought into one. The body still exists, in the: Congregational form. : On the college plain, Wheelock’s church comprised members from both. sides of the river, and grew and prospéred until, 1797, difficulties arose in TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 339 connection with causes which led to the college troubles, heretofore alluded to. The members living in Vermont, though still technically members of the church, had long since ceased to take active part in its affairs on this side of the river, having for a considerable time enjoyed a separate ministration in a house which they had erected at Dothan, in the town of Hartford. But they adhered to the fortunes of the younger Wheelock, and when he found him- self in opposition to the almost unanimous sentiment of his brethren at home, they came to his aid in such numbers as to enable him to carry his points against the votes of the resident members. The ccnsequence was, after much controversy and several councils, both exparte and mutual, that in 1805 all the resident members of the church, ex- cepting Mr. Wheelock and two members, united in the formation, by the aid of a council, of a new body under the Congregational government, which still exists as the college church. The old organization was kept for a time nom- inally alive, and during the period of the “university” became the official church of that institution, maintaining the separate administration of religious ordinances in the chapel; under the care of President Allen. It then came to a final end. The meeting-house on the college plain was built by pew-holders in 1795; prior to that, the place of meeting for religious or other purposes had been the college chapel. There was also, between 1840 and 1850, a Methodist church near the col- lege. A meeting-house was built for it about 1840. After the extinction of the society the house passed into the hands of the Episcopal church, which established a society here in 1855. For this church, through the generosity of friends abroad, a fine stone edifice and a parsonage were built about ten years since. AVERHILL, one of the shire towns of the county, lies in the eastern partof the same, in latitude 44° 5’ and longitude 72° 1’, bounded north by Bath, east by Benton, south by Piermont and west by the west bank of Connecticut river. It was originally granted by Governor Benning Wentworth to John Hazen ‘and others, May 18, 1763, * in eighty-one equal *These grantees were as follows: John Hazen, Jacob Bailey, Ephraim Bailey, James Philbrook, Gideon Gould, John Clark, John Swett, Thomas Emery Benoni Coburn) Reuben Mills, John Hazen, Jr., Ebmund Coleby, David Hall, Lemuel Yucker, Edmund Moores, John White, Benjamin Moores, William Hazen, Moses Hazen, Robert Peaslee, Timothy Bedel, Jaseel Harriman, Jacob ‘Kent, Ebenezer Hale, Samuel Hobart, John Haile, Maxi Hazeltine, Thomas Johnson, John Mills, John Trussell, Abraham Dow, Uriah Morse, Enoch Hall, Jacob Hall, Benoni Wright, John Page, Josiah Tankely John Taplin, Jonathan Foster, Joseph Blanchard, Richard Pettey, Moses Foster, Job Spafford, Enoch Heath, William Page, Joseph Thilley, Aaron Hofman, John Harriman, John Lampson, 340 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. shares, with the usual restrictions and reservations of the township grants of: that day, and bounded in the charter deed as follows :— “ Beginning at a tree, marked, standing on the bank of the eastern side of Connecticut river and on the southerly or southwesterly side of the Ammo- noosuck river, opposite to the southwesterly corner of Bath; from thence down Connecticut river, as it runs, to a marked tree standing on the bank of the river, about seven miles on a straight line from the mouth of Ammo- noosuck river aforesaid ; from thence south 53° east five miles and three quarters to a stake and stones; thence north 25° east about eight miles until it comes upon a line with the flower] line of Bath; and thence north 55° west, as Bath runs, to the tree by the river, the bounds began at.” The locality was originally called Lower Cohos, which name was changed to Haverhill, at the time the charter was granted, for the reason that several of the proprietors were from Haverhill, Mass. By an act approved June 21, 1815, the town was divided into two parishes, north and south, Samuel Morey, of Orford. Jonathan Merrill, of Warren, and Samuel Hutchins, of Bath, being appointed to run the divisional line. In common with most of the towns bordering on the Connecticut river, Haverhill is not only very productive but very beautiful. Its surtace is bro- ken into a series of hills and valleys, though it is not sufficiently rough to re- tard cultivation of the soil. The elevations afford many exquisite views of the surrounding beautiful country, including the Connecticut valley for many miles north and south ; and these facts, coupled with its salubrious climate, an- nually attracts many summer residents and tourists. Aside from the Con- necticut, the principal streams of the town are Poole brook and Oliverian river. The former flows through the town from northeast to southwest, emptying into the Connecticut near the ‘“‘ Great Ox Bow,” of Newbury, while. the latter, having its source in Benton, flows a westerly course through the southern part of the town, falling into the Connecticut. Both of these streams afford good mill-sites. Three small ponds, also, dimple the surface of the town. The first, French pond, covering about forty acres, lies in the northern part of the township. It received its name from Richardson French, a hunter, trapper and farmer who early occupied the hill to the west of it. Demming pond, a small body of water, lies near the center of the town, while Wood's pond, somewhat larger than the first mentioned, lies in the southern part. The soil of Haverhill is adapted to all species of cultivation common to the latitude, while there is much interval land, composed.of a deep rich loam, yielding large crops of grass, etc. All in all, Haverhill is one of the most Stephen Knight, John Hall, David Hurlburt, Simon Stevens, John Moores, William Toborn, David Page, James White, Benjamin Merrill, Nathaniel Merrill, John Church, James Nevin, John Nelson, Theodore Atkinson, Jr., Nathaniel Barret, William Symes, William Porter, John Hastings, George Marsh, Richard Emery, Nehemiah Lovell, Henry Sherbon, John Wentworth, Samuel Wentworth, Byfield Lloyd, Francis Barnard and Ben- ning Wentworth. Governor Wentworth’s right was in the northwestern part of the town, including the present village of Woodsville. TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 341 valuable farming towns in the state, the annual value of its agricultural pro- ducts, it is said, not being exceeded by any other town on the Connecticut river. Of its total area of 34,340 acres, 24,300 is improved land. The town has also good quarries of soapstone, limestone, granite and scythestone. In 1880 Haverhill had a population of 2,452 souls. In 1885 the town had eighteen school districts, fifteen common schools and four graded schools. Its nineteen school-houses were valued, including furniture, etc, at $15,- 350.00. There were 498 children attending school, fifty-four of whom were pursuing the higher grades, taught during the year by three male and twenty- five female teachers, at an average monthly salary of $33.25 for males, and $24.00 for females. The entire amount raised for school purposes during the year was $4,114.29, while the expenditures were $4,196.60, with Samuel B. ‘Page and Samuel T. Page, committee. HaveERHILL, or Haverhill Corner, as it is locally known, a post village and the county seat of Grafton county, is beautifully located upon a slightly inclined plateau from one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet above the Connecti- cut and overlooking the valley, commanding a fine view north and south, ‘Two principal streets in the form of the letter ‘“T’’—-Main street, extending north and south and Court street leading eastward—constitute its thorough- fares. The county court-house, record building and jail, located upon the north side of Court street, Haverhill academy standing at the northeast corner of the park, which lies at the intersection of Court and Main streets, and two church buildings (Congregational and Methodist) comprise its public buildings. Several stores and shops, two printing offices, and a hotel consti- tute the business enterprises of the place. Many of the residences which border these principal streets and are grouped about the park are fine speci- mens of the large; square-built mansions which distinguish the New England architecture of 1800. WoopsviLLE is a small but rapidly growing post village located at the mouth of the Lower or Wild Ammonoosuc river, in the extreme northwestern part of the town. It has two churches (Episcopal and Methodist), two hotels, six or eight stores of various kinds, a steam saw-mill, and about 100 dwellings, while one lawyer and two physicians reside here, and the division offices of the B. & L. R. R. (formerly B., C. & M. R. R.), together with a branch re- pair shop, which were located here in 1884. Up to 1853-54, when the B., C. & M. railroad reached this point, little indication of the present village was seen, and of the houses now standing only a few, the ‘“Brock” House and the “Little” House, so-called, being the oldest, were erected. The village de- rived its name from John L. Woods, familiarly known as “Jack” Woods, who, in 1829, purchased a saw-mill on the Ammonoosuc, near where the present bridge is located, and began the manufacture of lumber from the pine forest then covering the site of the village. This mill, we are told, was built by a Mr. Cotton in 1811, and was owned by others before Woods bought it. J. L. Woods was in a ‘store at Wells River village in his early life, and subse- 342 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. quently kept a store in his house, where Mrs. C. B. Smith’s house now stands, which was the first store established in Woodsville. Later he erected a build- ing for that purpose, the present’dwelling of E. J. Henry. He died March 15, 1855, aged nearly sixty-four years. The old “Brock” House, now a dis- mantled shell on Ammonoosuc street, was the scene of the first, and so far as we know, only murder ever committed here, that of Mrs, Frank Wright, by her husband. The first bridge across the Connecticut at this point was erected in 1804, the second in 1820, and the present when the railroad reached the place. The present Ammonoosuc bridge was erected by Luther Butler, in 1829, and was the first of its kind in Northern New Hampshire. Norru HavERHILL is a post village pleasantly located in the western part” of the town, upon the southern verge of a level table-land about fifty or sixty feet above the Connecticut. To the north and east for more than a mile the land is nearly level. Poole, or Bacon’s brook, which runs through these meadows, is formed into a pond by dams and furnishes water power for a saw and grist-mill, etc. Main street, extending north and south, is lined with residences, as is Depot street, which forms a right angle with Main street near the south end. Two church edifices are situated here (Baptist and Metho- dist), but only one, the Methodist, is regularly occupied for religious services. One well-kept hotel, three stores, and various shops are among the business establishments of the place. East HAVERHILL is a post village located in the southeastern part of the township, on Oliverian brook. It has about twenty dwellings, one church (Methodist). a store, school-house, railroad station and blacksmith shop. The meadows along the Oliverian for two miles above and below this point are quite broad and fertile, andthe farms thereon have the appearance of thrift and prosperity. The postoffice was established here in 1844. Pike STATION (p. 0.) is a hamlet composed mostly of the buildings of the A. F. Pike Manufacturing Co., located at a convenient water-privilege on the Oliverian, where the B. & L. R. R. crosses road 46. OLIVERIAN VILLAGE is a hamlet on Oliverian brook, at the intersec- tion of roads 36 and 49, where are located a grist-mill, saw-mill, paper-mill, marble, blacksmith and carriage shops, and two or three stores. CENTER HAVERHILL is the name applied to a hamlet lying about at the junction of roads 24, 25, 27 and 274, where a Union meeting house has been built. : Lapp STREET designates a section of road 36, from Oliverian brook north about one mile, and here is the B. & L. R. R. station of.“‘Haverhill.” Brier Hit includes the section of Haverhill reached by roads 6, 7, 16, 17 and 19. : Haverhill academy was incorporated by the legislature, February 11, 1794, with Hon. Charles Johnston, Rev. Ethan Smith, John Page, Samuel Brooks, and Joseph Bliss, trustees, with full powers to elect other trustees, not to exceed ten in all, and to have all the rights, privileges and duties TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 343 usually conferred upon such corporations. The first building was erected of wood, by Col. Charles Johnston and others, previous to the act of incorpora- tion. The building was destroyed by fire about 1816 or ’17, after having been sold, and the present academy building, a two-story brick structure, was erected in 1816-17, the County academy trustees and school district No. 1, in Haverhill, sharing the expense. The sessions of the county courts were held in the upper story of the building for a time, or until the present court- house was erected, in 1840, when the county relinquished its claim, upon the furnishing of a site for a new court-house by the trustees of the academy. The Haverhill academy has had many teachers of eminent ability, most of whom have been Dartmouth college graduates, and it has sent forth many of. its pupils to careers of eminent usefulness. It ranks well among the acade- mies of New England, and its history, while presenting few seasons of over- flowing prosperity, has suffered less adversity than many others. The beauty of Haverhill village as the seat of such an institution connot fail to be ap- preciated. The present principal is D. O. Bean, who has two lady assistants. By an arrangement with the academy trustees, the pupils of the public school districts 1 and 17 are now taught in the academy, where there are three de- partments appropriately graded. The present trustees are G. W. Chapman, Esq., C. B. Griswold, Esq., Henry Merrill, P. W. Kimball, L. B. Ham, C. G. Smith, J. N. Morse, E. R. Weeks, A. F. Pike and W. H. Nelson. The Haverhill Library Association opened its doors November 20, 1880, with ninety volumes, Mrs. L. C. Whitney being the prime mover in its or- ganization. The members paid a fee of $1.00 for membership, which en- titled each to take out one book per week, for one year, and thereafter an- nual dues of fifty cents per year, for the addition of new books. The present officers are J. Q. Bittinger, president ; Mrs. G. D. Cummings, vice president , and Miss Nillie L. Kimball, librarian. The library has been kept in the Phenix block up to the present time, and all the officers have served gratu- itously. Several donations of books have been made by individuals, and during the year 1885, though the munificence of several interested ones, former or preseat residents of the town, about $1,600.00 was subscribed toa fund for the erection of a library building, and a fire proof structure of suit- able dimensions is to be erected in 1886. The library has 500 volumes. Exchange Hotel.—The building now known as the Exchange Hotel, on Main street, was built by Charles Swan for a dwelling, in 1831, and was thus occupied until 1833, when he added a third story and opened the hotel. In 1835 Chandler Metcalf became landlord, and in 1838 Eleazer Smith pur- chased the property and kept the hotel until 1857, when he sold to his son, Charles G., who kept the house until 1881, when he sold to the present pro- prietor. During all this period, from 1838, it was known as Smith’s Hotel. A. F. Pike Manufacturing Company.—The A. F. Pike Manufacturing Company was organized in 1883, just fifty years after Isaac Pike began the manufacture of whetstones in Haverhill, and is the direct successorygof A. F. Pike, who continued the business of his father from 1860 to 1883. The 344 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. company consists of A. F. Pike, E. B. Pike, Isaac Pike, Charles Pike and Charles G.. Smith. A. F. Pike is president and general director; E. B. Pike is vice-president and has the active management of the business outside the office ; Isaac Pike is treasurer and has the general oversight of the manufac- turing at Pike Station ; and Charles Pike is superintendent of the quarrying and cutting of the stone before they are taken to the mill to be ground. The capital of the company is $70,000.00. They manufacture all kinds of scythe- stones and whetstones for sharpening edge-tools. Their principal quarries are in Haverhill, Piermont and Lisbon, N. H., and their ledges contain a stone which is better adapted for sharpening scythes and edge-tools than any- thing else. The stone is of a sharp, gritty character, lying in ledges, and is broken out with the grain, so that the strength is not impaired, and makes a strong, durable sharpener, hard enough to cut any steel. These whetstones do not glaze. The layers are so thin that one after another wears off, and a new, fresh surface is all the time exposed. The various kinds of whetstones of the company are used in all parts of the United States and Canada, and many carloads are sent annually to Europe. The company also have quarries and mills in Vermont and New York, where they manufacture other grits of stone. Besides these they receive and handle stone in large quantities from Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Arkan- sas, Nova Scotia, England, Germany, Belgium, Scotland, Turkey and from other parts of the world. They have their agencies in New York, Chicago, St. Louis and Baltimore. In their different quarries and mills they employ a large force of workmen, and are converting the stones of these barren ledges into articles of indispensable usefulness, which to them and to the town of Haverhill are a constant source of revenue. Their business is annually enlarg- ing, and if capital, industry, energy and wise business plans are rewarded with success, the “A. F. Pike Mfg. Co.” must stand at the front in their line of business.. The Woodsville Lumber Company was organized in 1872, and mills were erected the same year. They are located beside the track of the B. & L. R. R., in the eastern part of Woodsville village, and have side tracks to the yard. The mills are operated by steam-power and manufacture rough and dressed lumber to the extent of about 1,500,000 feet per annum, besides lath and clapboards, employing an average force of ten or twelve men. The mills were burned in February, 1879, and rebuilt immediately on the same ground. Messrs, Ira Whitcher, of Woodsville, and L. C. Pattee, of Lebanon, constitute the firm. W. H. Hill & Co’s marble and granite works, at Woodsville village, were established by Mr. Hill, at Wells River, Vt., in 1875, as a branch of his” works at Plymouth, N. H. He removed wholly to Wells River, in 1879, but was burned out in the following year and re-established at Woodsville, where he erected his present shop in the spring of 1884. Mr. Hill manufactures all kinds of cemetery work, from marble and granite, and also building trim- mings, curbing, etc. The business gives employment to three or more men. J. M. Getchell & Co.s carriage manufactory, at North Haverhill, was established by Willard Whitman, about fifty years ago, who conducted it about thirty-five years, when he sold to Langdon Bailey, who went from here to Woodsviile. J. M. Getchell learned the trade with Willard Whitman, and went into business for himself about 1260.. In 1881 the partnership between J. M. Getchell and T. E. Bliffin was established, and they purchased their TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 345 present shop, on Depot street, at that time. In 1884 they put out twenty-one carriages and wagons, and six sleighs, besides repairing and jobbing, furnish- ing employment for three men. HS. Sleeper & Co.'s bobbin manufactory, located on Depot street, at North Haverhill, was established January 1, 1884. It employs about six men, and does a business aggregating from $1,500.00 to $2,000.00 annually. George E. Eastman’s carriage shop, \ocated on Depot street, at North Haverhill, was established by him in 1875. He manufactures about sixteen to twenty carriages, wagons and sleighs, annually, besides doing jobbing, etc. Mr. Eastman also deals in coffins and caskets. J. G. Blood's saw and shingle-mill, located at North Haverhill, was pur- chased by him about 1865. It is the same spoken of elsewhere, as erected by Obadiah Swazey. When Mr. Blood purchased the property it was an upright saw-mill. He has put ina circular-saw, shingle-mill, and planers, which he operates about four months in the year, employing six men andcut- ting 200,000 to 300,000 feet of lumber, besides shingles, mostly custom work. Fayette Bacon's carriage-stock and wagon shop, \ocated on road 25, was erected by him about 1855, ard was enlarged to its present size a few years later. The machinery was operated by horse-power until 1882, when he put in an eight horse-power engine. He manufactures heavy wagons and carts, and makes a specialty of manufacturing bent carriage stock of all kinds, elm bubs, etc. William H. Lewis, manufacturer of the “Boss” wood pump, located on road 25, began business in Haverhill, in 1874. He manufactures and sells pumps, made of cucumber wood, pine and fir, disposing of seventy-five to one hundred per annum, and also manufactures wooden aqueduct, and Share’s patent colter harrow. Albert Chasé’s saw-mill, on road 23, was built by Abial Deming, in 1840, and was purchased by Mr. Chase in 1863. It is operated by water-power, cuts from 75,000 to 150,000 feet of rough lumber, and 50,000 to 100,000 shingles per annum, only operating during the spring months. John L. Cook's shingle, cider and threshing-mill, at Oliverian Village, was built by him in 1884. It is fitted with machinery for the manufacture of shingles and cider, and for threshing grain and polishing granite. It is oper- ated by water-power, and does custom work. E. D. Spence's grist and flouring-mill, at N orth Haverhill, has three runs of stones, and is operated by both steam and water-power. Mr. Spence has owned the property since 1875, and has recently added steam-power, and does general custom grinding. Michael Carleton's carriage-shop, at Oliverian Village, was built by him in 1859, on the site occupied by J. S. Nichols’s carriage shop, burned in 1858. He builds sleighs, sleds and heavy wagons, does carriage repairing, and gen- eral jobbing, the machinery being operated by water-power. 346 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. Haverhill grist-mill, \ocated at Oliverian Village, was built at a vety early date, having been the property of Major Isaac Pearson and his father, pre- vious to 1825. It was purchased by A. W. Lyman, in 1880, who does cus- tom grinding, and deals in flour, graham, middlings, corn and feed, averaging about one car-load of corn per month, and sixty tons of feed per annum, besides custom grinding. The Haverhill Paper Company, with a mill located at Oliverian Village, succeeded E. C. Hutchins & Co., in 1865. The paper-mill is of brick, 36x60 feet, operated by water-power, and manufactures from 100 to 200 tons of paper per annum. ‘The Company has also a saw-mill for custom work, saw- ing from 50,000 to 200,000 feet of lumber per year. The Haverhill marble works, at Oliverian Village, have been operated under this name since March, 1884, then succeeding the business of J. W. Quimby, who at that time took Fay I. Archibald, as a partner. Mr. Quimby retired from the firm in October, 1884, since which time Mr. Archibald has con- tinued the business alone. He manufactures marble and granite cemetery work of all kinds. S. & G. C. Jeffers’s saw-milt, located on road 41, was built by them in 1856. Itis operated by water-power, and manufactures abuut 100,000 to 150,000 feet of rough lumber per annum. The causes which led to the settlement of Haverhill, or ‘‘ Lower Cohos,” the visit by Captain Powers in 1754, the arrival of Captain Hazen to erect a saw and grist-mill, in the spring of 1762, the evidences of Indian occupation the early settlers found, the newspaper and railroad history, and establishment of county courts and erection of county buildings, have all been detailed in the county chapter, to which we refer the reader, as to review them at this point would be a needless repetition. We will immediately turn, then, not only to the first actual settlement made in Haverhill, but the first in the whole county. : Uriah Morse, and Hannah, his wife, came on from Northfield, Mass., in June, 1762, the first family to locate in Haverhill. They located on the bank of Poole brook, on the present main road, and just southwest of where, James Merrill now lives. They boarded Hazen’s men while they were building the mills, and other adventurers as they came into the settlement. Among their boarders that autumn was Thomas Johnson, Timothy Bedel, Captain Hazen, and Jesse Harriman. The first child born in the settlement was in this family, in the spring of 1763, which lived only a few days. The first death of an adult, that of Polly Harriman, who died of consumption, at the age of eight- een years, also occurred here. In the following year, 1763, the settlement of the town considerably ad- vanced. Rev. Grant Powers speaks of it as follows: “This was a year of enlargement with Haverhill and Newbury. Benjamin Hall, from Massachu- setts, came in and settled near the Porter place, where the Southards now live (1839). Jonathan Saunders and Sarah Rowell, both from Hampton, N. | TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 347 H., came and settled near the present house of Dr. Carlton, late dedeased. Jacob Hall, from Northfield, Mass., came and settled on the Dow farm, so- called. Hon. James Woodward, of Hampstead, N. H., came and settled on his place at the age of twenty-two years. He purchased his farm at twenty cents per acre. Mr. John Page, father of the present governor of New Hampshire, came into Haverhill this year from Lunenburg, Mass. He was employed by his uncle, David Page, to assist in driving up his cattle to Lan- -caster, and this was the beginning of the settlement of that town—David Page’s son having been up in the preceding June of that year, and marked -out a way for them from Haverhill. John Page returned from Lancaster, and bought his farm in Haverhill, but spent the subsequent winter in taking -care of General Bailey’s stock in Newbury, which arrived that season, and not in 1762, as many have supposed. This was Mr. Page’s account, Cap- tain Howard’s, and Col. Joshua Bailey’s, who came with his father to New- bury in 1764, at eleven years of age. Page continued to labor for General Bailey until he was able to pay for his farm. He then came to Haverhill, married Abigail Saunders, daughter of the first settler south of him, and lived ‘to the age of eighty-two, and departed this life in 1823. * * * i. In this year, says Col. Josnua Bailey, John Foreman and several others of Pennsylvania, having enlisted into the British army near the commencement of the old French war, and having been retained in Canada after peace was restored, deserted and made through the woods until they came upon the head-waters of the Connecticut, and following down the stream, they came into the north part of Haverhill. But here they found themselves famishing through lack of sustenance, and as they knew not that there was an English ‘settlement within a hundred miles of them, they were prepared to seize upon anything which could satisfy the demands of hunger. They unexpectedly came in sight of a horse upon the plain north of the North Parish meeting-house, and supposing it to be wild, or one that had gone far astray, they shot it, and fed themselves upon its flesh. Replenishing their packs with the residue of the meat, they proceeded south, but soon discovered smoke ascending from chimneys on the Ox Bow and vicinity. They were alarmed at the idea of ‘falling into hands of hostile Indians, especially since they had killed one of their horses. But after some consultation, they concluded that one of their num- ber should cross the river, make what discoveries he could, and then return andreport. He accordingly swam the river, and, to his great joy, found ‘'l'\l'\ these were English settlements. The news and a boat were soon carried back to his companions. They were brought on to the Ox Bow, where they “'''' found food, a shelter, and sympathizing friends. Colonel Bailey says this fact of their killing the horse on that plain gave the name “horse meadow” +o that section of the town, and not the traditionary story of horses finding a tush grass there sooner in the spring than elsewhere.” In 1764 the settlement was increased by the arrival of Dea. Jonathan El- kins and family, from Hampton, N. H., Col. Timothy Bedell and family, 348 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. from New Salem, and Hon. Ezekiel Ladd. The latter married Ruth Hutch- ins, who died in 1817, the Colonel surviving her until the following year, Rev. Peter Powers came to preach to the people of Haverhill and Newbury this year, also, which event will be spoken of on a later page. In the an- tumn of this year, also, Judge Woodward married Hannah Clark, the first. marriage service performed in Grafton county. From this time forward the growth of the town was steadily progressive, the population in 1767 being 172 souls. ‘‘Colonel Johnston was the first captain in the town of Haverhill, was for many years a justice of the peace, a judge of probate, and a deacon in the church. Colonel Johnston’s house: was surrounded by a fort at Haverhill Corner during the Revolutionary war, as was Judge Ladd’s, a little north of the old meeting-house, on Ladd street;. also, Capt. Timothy Barnes’s, who lived near the tavern, opposite the meet- ing-house, in the North parish.” Of the early facilities for travel and com- merce, Rev. Grant Powers speaks as follows: ‘I will here mention that roads direct from Haverhill to Boston were not opened until after the war of the Revolution—I mean such as would admit the passing of heavy teams— and until then the freight of goods from our seaports was very expensive. Heavy articles which were not brought up from Charlestown upon the ice, in winter, were brought on pack-horses from Concord through the woods, and ten bushels of wheat have been exchanged for one of salt. The glass for Col. Thomas Johnston’s house was brought across the woods in this manner, This being the state of things in respect to roads, we shall readily conceive that the means of communicating between this isolated settlement and the eastern part of the State were very limited, and were not an every day oc- currence. A passenger atriving in the settlement with packages direct from friends in the east created a more lively interest in the settler, than the arrival of the British Queen steamer now does in the great emporium of this nation.” In looking over the town and proprietors’ records many items of in- terest are found, a few of which we print. According to the charter, Capt. John Hazen was authorized to call the first meeting of the grantees, in ac- cordance with which he assembled said meeting at the inn of John Hall, at Plaistow, N. H., June 13, 1763. At this meeting the following town officers. were elected: Jesse Johnson, town clerk; Stephen Knight, constable ; and Capt. John White, Jacob Bailey, Esq., and Maj. Edmund Moore, selectmen. John Hazen, John White, Jacob Bailey, Esq., Robert Peaslee and Benjamin Moore were “ chosen a committee to bound the town and lay it.out in lots,” and Capt. John Hazen was appointed to receive the money collected for de- fraying the expense thereof. Under the several dates we find the following items in the records :— March 27, 1764, “ voted to unite with the Newbury proprietors in build- ing a road through Haverhill to meet a road to Portsmouth,” and also “ to lay and clear a road from the lower end of Haverhill to Upper Meadow this coming summer.” I. ¥ TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 349 September 10, 1764, at'a meeting held at Hampstead, it was “voted toas- sist the town of Newbury in hiring preaching for six months next coming.” October 16, 1764, it was voted that 200 acres of land be set off as a par- sonage. It was also voted that one full right of land be given to Glazier Wheeler, in consideration that he build and operate a blacksmith shop for ten years and “be also obliged to work for the people of said town before any others.” April 10, 1770, “‘voted to give Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, D. D., fifty acres of land if Dartmouth college is located in Haverhill.” May 12, 1772, at a meeting held at the house of Capt. John Hazen, John Hurd, Esq., was appointed an agent of the town to petition the General As- sembly to establish the courts at Haverhill, and “‘ voted to give him 1,000 acres of the undivided land in Haverhill in compensation if he succeeded in securing the establisment of one-half of the inferior courts for Grafton county and one superior court to be held in Haverhill.” A bounty of six shillings per head, also, was voted on wolves. March 25, 1773, it was voted to “clear and level a piece of ground twenty rods square, and a road two rods wide and 200 rods long, which shall be laid down on the plan in Haverhill opposite the Great Ox Bow to accommodate the court house and goal.” February 25, 1774, “voted in the negative on an article to see if the pro- prietors of the town would bear proportionately or any part with Asa Porter, Esq., Capt. John Hazen, Dea. James Abbott and A. S. Crocker, of the thousand acres voted to John Hurd.” March, 1776, “voted to pay Rev. Peter Powers $35 salary for preaching ; $37 58. provided he preach one-half the time in Haverhill, and to meet the first six months for worship in Mr. Page’s lower barn, and the other six months the selectmen to provide as they think proper.” Voted to “ give Asa Bailey 10s. for warning and conveying out of town a child of Susannah Hadley.” Voted to ‘‘ allow Charles Johnston 15s. for horse to fetch up am- munition for the town, and James Bailey 16s. for his journey to get same.” March 10, 1778, ‘‘chose James Woodward, James Abbott, James Corliss and Jonathan Hale, committee of safety.” : January 6, 1778, “voted Thomas Simpson, Asa Bailey and John Page, a committee of safety,” and also “ voted supplies to the families of soldiers in the Continental service.” January 18, 1778, ‘‘ chose Charles Bailey to meet the convention at Dres- den, January 20th, to consult upon some united measures to be taken for the defense of the frontie1.” _ February, 1780, “ chose Colonel Bedel, John Rich and James Woodward a committee to prevent the transportation of grain from the town.” March 31, 1781, “(chose Col. Timothy Bedel and Maj, Joshua Hayward epresentatives to represent the town of Haverhill at the General Assembly at 4 Windsor, the first Wednesday in April, and agree to the articles of union be- 350 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. tween the grants on both sides of the river.” A committee was also chosen “to act with a like committee from Piermont in settling the boundary line between Haverhill and Piermont.” December 8, 1783, ‘chose James Woodward to represent the town in the General Assembly at Concord.” Voted to ‘exclude all ‘Tories from the town, and to lay a road four rods wide from the court-house to Coventry line.” February 8, 1784, Timothy Stevens, constable, was ordered to warn over twenty-five persons, men, women and children, out of town, they being Tories. John Page moved with his parents to Rindge, N. H., helped build a log house, performed settler’s duty and thus secured a lot of land there. He moved to the Cods meadows in September, 1762, wintered on the Great Ox Bow, took charge of General Bailey’s cattle, in company with one other man and a boy, worked ,for General Bailey, and thus paid for a right of. land in Haverhill, He went to Lancaster, worked for his uncle David, and. paid for another right of land in Haverhill. He then came back to this. town, built a log house on the meadows, and married Abigail Sanders, daugh- ter of the first settler south of him, and who died twelve years after marriage, without issue. He married for his second wife, Abigail Hazeltine, of Con- cord, N. H., who died without surviving children, and then married, for his third wife, Mrs. Hannah Green, daughter of Samuel Rice, of Landaff, who bore him four sons, namely, John, William G., Samuel and Stephen R. John, the eldest, was born in Haverhill, May 21, 1787, was fitted for college in his youth, but just as he was about to enter, his father became embarrassed‘ through having become bondsman for another party, and was likely to lose his farm. His son therefore relinquished his high ambition, turned his atten- tion to saving the homestead, which was done, and which afterwards came into his possession. When twenty-five years of age he married Hannah, daugh- ter of Maj. Nathaniel Merrill, of North Haverhill, who bore him nine children, namely, Frederick, William, John Alfred, Henry Harrison, Nathaniel Mer- rill, Stephen Rice, Sarah Hazen, George Washington, George Brackett and Edward Livingston. All of these, with the exception of George W., grew to adult age. John Page was elected governor of New Hampshire in 1839,. by a Democratic vote of 30,518, and was re-elected in 1840 and 1841. Edward L. Page succeeded his father in the ownership of the homestead, was a successful farmer, and held various local offices. He served as select- man several years, during the civil war, when his patriotism and activity in securing recruits caused the burning of his buildings. He married Laura M. Batchelder, of Franklin, in 1855. For seventeen years he suffered with consumption, and died November 14, 1878, aged forty-six years. His widow: survives him. This Page farm has remained in the famiily longer than any other in Haverhill. Henry H., the third son of Gov. John Page, was born in Haverhill, June 3, 1816, educated at Haverhill academy, married Eliza: Southard, in September, 1842, and had born to him two daughters. He a TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 35F spent one year of his early life in the West, but returned to this town, and’ lived here urtil his death, at the early age of thirty-two years. He was cap- tain of the militia, but his early death cut short his public usefulness. Wil-- liam H. Page, son of Samuel, was born in Haverhill, February 4, 1824, fol- lowed farming all his life, and has also been a merchant for twenty-seven years.. He moved to Piermont in 1878 and, in the autumn of 1882, was chosen town representative, and was re-elected in 1884. He married Mary E., daugh- ter of Jesse Poor, of Orford, in 1854, and has two sons, who are engaged in the mercantile business with him. James King was the original settler on the farm now occupied by L. H. Chase and C. H. Cummings, on road 7. In 1781, at the age of sixteen years,. he enlisted in the Continertal army, from Sutton, N. H., where he was born. He served until the close of the war, when he came to Haverhill, and made- a pitch on the farm which he cleared. He early espoused the cause of Christ, and was a life long supporter of the Methodist church. He married Hannah Young, of Landaff, and had born to him nine children, all of whom lived to- raise families. He died in December, 1850, aged eighty-five years. The children of C. H. Cummings, now living on the farm, are the descendants of | James King, of the fifth generation. William Cross, a native of Methuen, Mass., served as Revolutionary sol- dier, married Abigail Ladd, and came to Haverhill, N. H., from Haverhill, Mass., in 1788. He brought with him his family of five children, settled near’ where the Haverhill depot now is, and had born two more children, David and Eliza. Eliza only is now living in Haverhill. Lydia, the eldest daughter, married Jacob Woodward, son of Judge James Woodward, and reared a family. Captain Daniel and Deacon John Carr, were the first of the family who- came to Haverhill. They came from West Newbury, or Newburyport, Mass., about 1797. John Carr settled where his son Joshua now lives. He was a member of the Congregational church at Horse Meadow, married Hannah Worth, of West Newbury, Mass., and reared twelve children, of whom three: sons and one daughter are still living. He was a carpenter and a farmer, and died in 1859, aged eighty-five years. His youngest son, Joshua, has always- resided on the homestead, is a farmer, was elected one of the selectmen in 1861 and ’62, and has acquired a local reputation by his poetical gifts. His wife is Mary, daughter of George Cary, of Rochester, Vt., and they have two: children, one of whom is Mrs. Roselle E, Gale. John E. Carr, son of Michael B., was born in Haverhill, in 1840, was chosen one of the selectmen in 1872, ’74, °75, to the State legislature in 1878, ’80 and ’81, and has been a member of the State board of agriculture, for Grafton county, two years. Captain Daniel Carr came here with his brother Deacon John, and made his first settlement upon the farm where Daniel E. Carr now lives. He married Elizabeth Worth, and brought up three sons and three daughters, and had two- children, who died in infancy. He was a member of the Congregational 352 _ TOWN OF HAVERHILL. -church at Horse Meadow, was captain of the militia after his settlement here, and died at the age of seventy-eight years. His daughter Melinda was born September 12, 1796. His eldest son, Daniel, was born in the old part -of D. E. Carr’s present house, in 1798. He becarne a member of the Bap- tist church at North Haverhill, about the time of its organization, in 1830, and was appointed deaconin May, 1842. He held various town offices, mar- ried twice, first Rhoda Bagley, who became the mother of nine children, of whom, Nathan lives in Madison, Wis.; Charles F. in Haverhill, and Frank B, ‘in Bath. Mr. Carr married for his second wife Hannah Sawyer, who sur- vives him, and had four children, of whom, Samuel E. moved to Michigan, -and Daniel E. owns the homestead. Obadiah Swasey, born August 20, 1775, moved to Newbury, Vt., from Haverhill, Mass., at the age of eighteen years, and learned the carpenter's ‘trade with his brother Moses, who had preceded him several years. He mar- ‘ried Nancy Merrill, of Haverhill, in 1798 or 1799, moved into this town in a few years after, and, in company with Richard Gookins, purchased a tract of ‘land known as the Fisher farm, which was six miles long and one mile wide, -extending from the present village of North Haverhill to the eastern line of the township. He went into the lumbering business, and had a saw-mill where J. G. Blood’s saw-mill now stands. His mills were burned about 1820, and che built the present mill on the same site, and a grist-mill on the opposite -side of the stream. He did the largest lumbering business ever done in Haverhill, and, though never having had a liberal education, was an able, _active business man up to nearly the day of his death, which occurred at the age of sixty-one years. He was the father of thirteen children, six of whom -are now living, all having borne well their part in the affairs of life. Samuel, now a resident of Belvidere, Ill., was speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1842. John H. has been in business in Boston since about 1832. Nathaniel Merrill Swasey has spent his life in his native town, -following generally the pursuit of farming, but giving considerable attention to the fire insurance business for over twenty-five years. He held the office of ‘town clerk, was town treasurer in 1845 and ’46, has served as selectman sev- -eral years, and represented Haverhill in the legislature in 1872—73. He-mar- ‘ried Mary M. Angiers and has one child, Mrs. Mary B. Brooks, of Montpe- lier, Vt. Paul Meader came from Durham, N. H., and settled upon the mountain in the northwestern part of Warren, near a small lake, which still bears the name of Meader’s pond. His family consisted of four sons, Elisha, George, Joseph and Moses, and four daughters. The sons all settled in Grafton county. Elisha married twice, first, Susan Smith, who bore him four sons and three daughters, namely, Samuel K., Joseph S., Paul N., Elisha, Betsey, Mahala and Deborah. He married for his second wife Abigail Foss, and reared three sons, Daniel W. and Moses B., of this town, and Elisha K., who anoved west. Daniel W. spent seven years of his early life as a contractor TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 353 with his brother Samuel K., building railroads, then kept a hotel in Pennsyl- vania, spent two years in California, and in 1865 returned to Haverhill and engaged in farming. A few years after he engaged in the manufacture of starch as a member of the North Haverhill Starch Co. He was one of the selectmen of Haverhill in 1876, ’77, and was elected one of the supervisors in 1884. Mr. Meader married Lydia Swartz, at Pittston, Pa., and has had born to him two sons, both of whom died in infancy. Elisha Meader died in March, 1876, aged ninety years. He was a brick-maker by trade. Thomas Hibbard, the first of the family in Haverhill, was born in England, came to America, and served in the commissary department in the Revolu- tion. After the close of the war he settled in the Coéds country, and, being well educated, taught school. He married Lucy Sylvester, and reared three sons, Samuel, Elisha, and Simson, and three daughters, who married men respectively named Wood, Ryder and Bliss. The sons became residents of North Haverhill, where several of their desczndants now live. Lucy Sylves- ter moved, with her purents, to Newbury, Vt., when she was eleven years of age. They came with a party of thirty men and fourteen women, from Charlestown, or No. Four, in canoes. Charles Wetherbee was born in Weathersfield, Mass., between 1790 and £794, and when seventeen years of age, came to Haverhill to work for Mr. Bradish, who was engaged in lumbering, rafting lumber down the Connecti- cut, to Hartford. He married three times, first, Nancy Ralph, who bore him six children ; second, Nancy Hale, who died without issue, and third, Abi- gail, daughter of Jacob, and granddaughter of Judge James Woodward. She was the mother of six children, four of whom are living, and the eldest, Dr. Myron S. Wetherbee, lives at North Haverhill. Captain David Marston, son of Samuel, who moved to Coventry, now Ben- ton, before 1789, was born in Chichester, N. H., in 1781, and died in 1860. He married Susanna Brunson, and, with William Whitcher, was a pioneer in the clearing and settlement of North Benton. He owned large tracts of land, and’employed a large number of men in clearing. He became one of the foremost men of the town, was town clerk for many years, and collector of taxes about twenty years. He had born to him one son and two daughters, all now living. William C., son of David, has spent most of his life in Haver- hill, was selectman in 1875 and ‘76, and represented the town in 1881-82, associated with J. E. Carr. He married Lucy Frary, and has one son and three daughters. Jonathan Marston, son of Samuel, was born in Coventry, where he lived until seventy-one years of age. He then went to live with his son, Jonathan H:, of Canton, N. Y., where he died, aged seventy-two years. His wife was Phebe Howe, of Landaff, and he had born to him eight children, four of whom died young. Orrin, the eldest son, lives in Franconia. Bartlett, another son, married Anna S. Brown, and has six children, four living in Grafton county. He is sixty-eight years of age, and lives in this town. 23* 354 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. Amos Kimball, born in Haverhill, Mass., married Abigail Corliss, of that: towr, and moved to Barnet, Vt., where they lived until the close of the Revo- lution. He afterwards purchased a tract of land in Haverhill, including the present homestead of his grandson, Ezra S. Kimball. He was captain of militia, and brought up nine or ten children. His eldest son, John, born in 1775, exhibited great pride in military affairs. He rose in rank to be colonel of militia, and during the civil war, when nearly ninety years of age, often wished himself younger, that he might participate in its duties. He was often called to assist in town affairs, and held various town offices. He mar. ried Mehitable Carleton, who bore him twelve children, nine of whom grew to maturity. Dudley C., the oldest now living, is eighty-four years of age,. and resides in Newbury, Vt. Benjamin F. resides with him. Isaac B. is a. resident of Concord, N. H., and Cynthia E. White, is in Washington. D. C. Russell Kimball, born in Kingston, N. H., December 7, 1798, came to- Haverhill when about eighteen years of age, and was employed as a clerk for Capt. Benjamin Merrill, receiving as compensation $25 per year and board. This stipend was increased, year by year, until he was admitted as a partner in the firm. He carried on the mercantile business through various firm. changes until his death, which occured January 15, 1862. He was a thorough business man, attending closely to his trade, and not seeking or accepting office. In the early years of his business career he was engaged in the manu- facture of potash, and nearly lost his sight from an accident, while in the ashery, stirring the boiling liquid. He married Louisa Bean, a native of Lyman, and had born to him four children, three of whom died in childhood,. and Peabody W. lives in this town. The latter, at one time engaged in trade here, was town representative in 1864-65. He married Jane, daughter of George Pearson. of Lyme, in 1865, and has one son and one daughter,. George R. and Ellen L. Dea. James, Ezekiel, Samuel, John, David and Jonathan Ladd, brothers, were the first settlers upon the present highway for a mile or more north of Oliverian brook. They were sturdy men, reared families, and became- successful and substantial farmers. Ezekiel became a judge. All their descend-- ants are now scattered, and nothing now commemorates their name except- ing the street on which they lived, and which is known as Ladd street. Dea. James Ladd was a lieutenant in the Revolution, served over’ three and a half” years, and died at the age of eighty-four years. He reared four sons and. seven daughters. Mrs. Roxana Martin, of Corinth, Vt., born in 1800, is the- only one of the children now living. Joseph, James and Jacob Bell, three: brothers came to Haverhill, from Bed- ford, N. H. Joseph was a lawyer and opened an office in this town about: 1808, removed to Boston after 1840, and died about 1851. Jacob Bell came here in 1811, taught school where Luther Butler now lives, and afterward’ be— came clerk in a store. He bought General Montgomery’s store after the latter’s death, and, with his brother James, who came to Haverhill later, car- TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 355 ried on the mercantile business, the manufacture of leather and lumber, the foundry business, shoe manufacture and the blacksmith trade, in Oliverian Village. He was quartermaster on the staff of the general of militia, with the rank of major, and James Bell was captain of militia. Jacob Bell, born in 1795, married Laura, daughter of Dr. Ezra Bartlett who came here from Warren in 1812, and granddaughter of Gov. Josiah Bartlett. The only one of Jacob Bell’s four sons now living is Jacob: LeRoy Bell, who was born in Haverhill, in November, 1839, brought up on a farm, and educated at Hav- erhill academy. He helped enlist Co. G, 11th N. H. Vols., in 1862, went out with it, served until June 1865, when he returned as captain of the com- pany. He has married twice, first Sarah E, Fling, and second, Harriet, daughter of Moses Weeks, of Haverhill. David Merrill, born in Haverhill, Mass., in 1771, first purchased land in Haverhill, in March, 1804, and erected a saw-mill in company with Chester Farman, on Poole brook, where he manufactured lumber until his death in 1824. He was a lieutenant in the militia of Peacham, Vt., when he moved to Haverhill. He was selectman of this town, and reared a family of six sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Schuyler, aged eighty-two years, re- sides here with his daughter, Mrs. Wesley P. Glover. His other children are Mrs. Harry M. Partridge and John H., of Haverhill, David C., of Mission Ridge, Tenn., and Samuel Merrill, of Clearwater Bay, Fla. John Merrill, son of Daniel, was born in Warren, N. H., December 12, 1810, and received an academic education at Haverhill. He went to Bos- ton when twenty-three years uf age, became a broker, and for sixteen years carried on the business in one office. For nearly fifty years he was a broker in that city, and died there, September 29, 1881. He married Mary C. S. Wells, of Plymouth, March 15, 1831, and their fiftieth anniversary was cele- brated in Haverhill in 1881. His widow now resides in Haverhill. His eldest daughter, Ann Eliza, was the first wife of George P. Preston, and died in Mobile, Ala., October 17, 1867. Three of John Merrill’s children are now living, namely, Charles H., a merchant in Boston, Fannie M. (Mrs. George P. Preston), of Medford, Mass., and John Motley, a farmer in Hav- erhill. Abel Merrill, a descendant of Nathaniel Merle, who came to America, from France, about 1635, came to Warren, from Plaistow, N. H., some time before 1790. He located about a third of a mile south of where the meet. ing-house now is, was a small farmer, but was prospered so that he gave each of his sons $500.00, and his five daughters $250.00 when they became of age. He died in March, 1838, aged seventy-five years. His oldest child, Capt. Benjamin, was born in October, 1784, married Sarah Haines, of Rumney, became a merchant in Warren, and came to Haverhill in the spring of 1814. He was one of the selectmen of Haverhill, a man of strong character, excel- lent judgment, and good habits. He reared nine children, and continved in trade until his death, November 28, 1835. Dea. Abel, eldest son of Benja- 356 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. min, was born in 1809, became a merchant, and, with Russell Kimball, formed the firm of Kimball & Merrill. He was a leader in the Congrega- tional church, and reared three sons, Rev. John L., of Marlboro, Rev. Benja- min, and Rev. Charles H., of Brattleboro, all Congregational clergymen. Dea. Abel Merrill died in November, 1878. Henry, the second son of Capt. Benjamin, was born October 29, 1820, has been engaged in trade for sixteen years, has been station agent of the B., C.& M.R. R., about the same length of time, and has all the time been more or Jess interested in farming. He studied engineering at Andover, Mass., but has not practiced it. He has been postmaster at Haverhill twelve years, and has also held other offices, He married twice, first, Mary J. Weeks, who bore him five children, four of whom are living, namely, William H., Harriet L. Duriand, John W., and Charlotte J. Johnston. He married for his second wife Helen C. Currier, who has borne him one son, Arthur K. Nathaniel Wilson, born May 14, 1777, came to this town, from his native place, Pelham, about 1800. He was the ninth of the sixteen children of Jesse, who settled in Pelham in 1751, and who in turn was of the fourth generation from William Wilson, who emigrated from England to Boston in 1635. Nathaniel married Sarah, daughter of Capt. Joseph Pearson, of Hav- erhill, reared three children, and died September 1, 1808, aged thirty-one years. His eldest son, Isaac P., was born February 18, 1805, and married Rhoda Brainard in 1826. Of his four children, George L. resides in Haver- hill and Edward B. in Somerville, Mass. Nathaniel, Jr., brother of Isaac P., was born in this town, September 18, 1808, fitted for college at Haverhill academy, and graduated from Dartmouth college in 1829. He taught the academy at Lancaster and at Augusta, Me., forthree years. He studied law with Hon. George Evans, of Gardiner, was admitted to the bar in 1834, and began practice at Orono, where he has since resided. He has married twice, first, Adeline Boardman, July 16, 1834, and second, Abbie A. Colburn. Six of his ten children are living. George L. Wilson is a farmer, married Marion M. Morrison, December 1, 1857, and has two daughters, Carrie S. and Lillie M. He was the station agent of the B.C. & M. R. R., at Haverhill, for eighteen years. Asa Bacon, the eldest son of Dea. Abner Bacon, of Putney, was born in 1796, and came to Haverhill from Putney, Vt., about 1824. He married Roxana M. Perry, was a farmer, and built the house in which his son-in-law, W. Hz. Lewis, now lives. He died in August, 1882, aged eighty-six years, leaving two children, Caroline M. Lewis and Fayette of Haverhill. ‘Timothy R. Bacon, brother of Asa, came to Haverhill in 1840, with a family of seven children. He was a clothier in his early days, but afterwards became a farmer. His children are Abner, a carpenter at Lebanon, Elmore C., a wholesale dealer in lightning rods, in Cleveland, O., Sumner P., a dealer in pig iron, . Juusena (Mrs. T. C. Haynes), of St. Jonesbury. Vt., Mary (Mrs. Moses KK LQ?}E>+ AKA \\ \\ YX a AY ANS \S ISG “XC \ XS VAS \ \\ LSS AL A WN \ \\Yv A QY KC NC RQ NX KK TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 357 Meader, of Haverhill, Caroline E. (Mrs. E. Haywood), of Michigan, and Mar- tha (Mrs. C. M. Carleton). The Morse family is an old and honorable one in the annals of New Eng- land, and many bearing the name have been prominent in science and liter- ture. Captain Edward Morse, and Stephen, his brother, were among the early settlers of Haverhill, coming from Reading, Mass., and locating here within ten years after the first settlement of the town, which was in 1763. Stephen Morse made his home on what is now called Morse Hill, which took its name from him. Hewas born in Bradford, Mass., and married Sally Kay, an English woman. They had twelve children. Ten sons of this large family lived to maturity. The oldest, Bryant, was a Methodist clergyman, and at one time the brothers held a re-union at the house of John C., when Bryant preached a sermon, the others sang, and their worthy parents were gratified and happy listeners. Stephen Morse was a blacksmith; he also engaged in merchandising for some years, at Horse Meadows. He was an Orthodox Congregationalist in his religious views, and both he and his wife were people who possessed the strong common sense, practicality, industry and sterling integrity so necessary to pioneers. They lived to an advanced age, and died on Morse Hill. John C., their third son,was born in North Haverhill, April 4, 1874, and died February. 8, 1853. He married Nancy Wheelock. They had nine children, three sons and six daughters, eight living to maturity. Sarah (dec.) married Amasa P. Niles, now of Hartford, Conn.; Louisa K. (dec.) married Moses W. Burnham, of Bethlehem ; Mary Ann (dec.) married W. S. Cobleigh ; Isaac L.; Martha L. married L. T. Whitcomb, resides at Sa- vannab, Ga.; Alfred (dec.); John N.; Nancy B, resides at Savannah, Ga., and Harriet N. married Warren J. Fisher, of New London, N. H. John C. Morse was a blacksmith, and manufactured the old-fashioned wooden mold-board plows, and also the primitive style of carriages and sleighs then in vogue. He owned a farm of one hundred acres, built a house at North Haverhill, and for over a quarter of a century kept a hotel, and was known to the community as an active and popular host, possessing the social, pleasing manners of the inn-keeper of the old school. In ‘those early days the inn-keeper was looked upon,as one of the “solid men” of the town. Whatever Mr. Morse did, he did well; his farm was productive, his other busi- ness prospered by his energy and activity, and his kind, genial disposition gained him many friends, who valued him for his good qualities. He was a Whig and Republican in politics, but never an office-seeker, preferring the quiet walk of the private citizen, and was liberal in his religious views. John Nelson Morse, son of John C. and Nancy (Wheelock) Morse, was born in the house he now occupies in North Haverhill, October 24, 1818. He experienced the usual fortune of the sons of New Englanders who came upon the stage of life in the early part of this century—a maximum of work, and a minimum of schooling. He was the home boy, and his childhood was passed assisting his father in the sturdy farm labor, and thus acquiring a 358 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. healthy physique. He has always remained on the homestead which he in- herited, and has been a “tiller of the soil.” He possesses about four hun- dred acres of land, of which two hundred and fifty fertile acres comprise the home farm. In connection with agriculture he is largely interested in cattle and sheep raising, andin company with James P. Webster, under firm title of “Morse & Webster,” he conducted a stock business for thirty-five years, buy- ing cattle and sheep in Canada in the fall, feeding them through the winter, and in the spring shipping them to Boston, and some years doing a business of $150,000. Since the death of his partner Mr. Morse has been no less active, and is now engaged in thesame line. Mr. Morse married, January 19, 1865, Kate, daughter of Aaron and Jane (Finley) Southard. (For ancestry see biography of S. F. Southard.) They have two children, Katie, born Decem- ber 9, 1868, and John, born June 14, 1872. Mr. Morse is a Republican in his political affiliations, and represented Haverhill in the State legislature of 1865, and served on committees of re- trenchment and reform. But tilling the soil and caring for the brute animals, while tending to strengthen and develop the physical powers, in no way dwarf the mental nature. Mr. Morse possesses sharp and remarkably well-de- veloped business talents, a clear and practical understanding, sound judg- ment, broad and sterling good sense, is a strong friend, a pleasant and social companion, and is a type of the successful go-ahead New England business man of the nineteenth century. Stephen Morse bought a tract of land of about 500 acres, in the eastern part of Haverhill, and moved to the place where H. F. Dearborn now lives, about 1808, it is supposed. With his son Caleb he cleared a large farm, and at one time kept a hotel for the entertainment of travelers, as the road on which they lived was the principal thoroughfare between Concord and the north. Two of his grandsons, Eben F. and Caleb, sons of Caleb, and one daughter, Mrs. Charles G. Smith, lived in this town. Eben F. married Laura Ann, daughter of Peter Whittaker, has two sons, Caleb M. and Ezra W., and one daughter, Mrs. T, P. Blake. Isaac, Jacob and Stephen Morse, brothers, came to Haverhill, from Hebron, N. H., in April, 1824. Isaac and Jacob bought two eighty acre lots on tie hill-top, on road 26, which, with the exception of fifteen acres, was then all forest. Isaac died on his land which afterward passed through several hands, and was at last sold to William F. Prescott, the present occupant. Ste- phen afterward moved to Springfield, Mass., where he now lives. Jacob Morse still owns the land then purchased. At that time there was no road over the hill, and Mr. Morse drew a petition to the selectmen for a road which they neglected to build; but a secund petition to the county court was successful and secured the present highway to Benton, from Haverhill Center. Mr. Morse served as representative one term, and selectman two years. He en- gaged in lumbering several years, took rafts of lumber to Hartford, Conn., for sale, and returned by stage. He reared one son and four daughters, of TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 359 -whom Marcellus J. lives in Fitchburg, Mass., Mrs. A. C. Foster and Mrs. “George Wells live in this town, and Mrs. L. C. Wells lives in Lynn, Mass. Melvina married Levi Bisbee, and died, leaving three sons who reside in Bath, one daughter, Mrs. Howe, of Benton, and another, Mrs. Davison, ‘ot Stoneham, Mass. David Morse’s old house, built in 182s, is the oldest -one now standing on the road between Center Haverhill and Benton. David ‘Cheney, cousin to the Morse brothers, settled on the farm where Mr. Titus now lives, about the same time that they came. Timothy Wilmot, born in Norwich, Vt., came to Haverhill, in 1815, when ‘his son Haron was about six months old, and located on the place where W. .F. Prescott now lives, on road 26. He sold this place to Isaac Morse in 1824, and made another clearing near the corner of roads 26 and 14. He reared a large family of children, namely, Haron, of Haverhill, Harvey B., ‘the famous clothier of Boston, Mary (Mrs. Daniel Sargent), of Cambridge- ‘port, Mass., Betsey (Mrs. Henry Tower), of Hudson, Mass., and Harriet, widow of Charles Snow, of Hudson, Mass. Haron married Lydia Martin, -of Bradford, Vt. His children are Frank L. and Nellie B., of Haverhill, and George E. in the B. & L. depot at Boston, Mass. Human Pennock moved to Monroe, from Connecticut, in January, 1808, and a few years later came to Haverhili, where he died. His ninth child, Jefferson, was born in Monroe, January 10, 1808, was a raftsman on the Con- necticut, taking sawed lumber down the river for twenty years, and the next ‘five years superintended the Haverhill town farm. He bought his present farm about 1852. He married twice, first Ann Clark, of Bath, who died in 1852, and second, Jane Crouch, of Dalton. He has four children, of whom Mrs. Edwin C. Rowe and Jonathan C. live in Harverhill, Capt. William lives in Auburn, near Lake Massabesic, and Ira W., resides in Goffstown John R. Reding was born in Portsmouth, N. H., October 18, 1805, learned the printer’s trade in the office of Isaac Hill, at Concord, and went to Bos- ton, in November, 1826, where he remained until July, 1828, when he came ‘to Haverhill. He established the Democratic Republican, and continued in- ‘terested in it until 1884. He received the appointment of postmaster in 1831, which position he held until 1841, when he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected in 1843. After two terms he returned to Haverhill, attended to his paper, took contracts, and erected the Grafton county court-house, in 1845. He also erected the county record building, andin 1848 took the con- ‘tract and erected the Phenix block after the burning of the stores. During the time from 1845 to 1853 he was engaged in various town offices. In 1853 he moved to Portsmouth, having received the appointment of naval store- keeper, which he held five years. In 1860 he was elected mayor of Ports- mouth, and was town representative in 1867, ’68 and’69. He became inter- ested in navigation in 1860, and continued a ship owner until 1882, He married twice, first, Rebecca R., sister of Hon. Isaac Hill, of Concord, She died in Washington in 1844. He married for his second wife Jane Martin, of St. Johnsbury, Vt., in 1846, and resides in Portsmouth. 360 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. Benjamin Haywood was seven years of age when he came here from Spring- field, Vt., which was about 1830. His father, Nathaniel, died soon after, and Benjamin, after living several years in town, moved west, but re- turned to Haverhill in 1880, and died here in 1881. His son Alvah E. Hay- wood isa farmer at Center Haverhill. Capt. Alvah E. Haywood, son of Nathaniel and brother of Benjamin, married Lucretia, daughter of James Jeffers, and reared three sons and three. daughters. . Five of these went west, leaving one, Chastina L. (Mrs. S. H. Baker) in Haverhill. Capt. Haywood died in November, 1859. He was oneof the selectmen for several years, was captain of militia in Haverhill, and also served as justice of the peace, for many years. Benjamin L. Warren came here, from Wethersfield, Vt., about 1830 or 1831, and located with David Cheney, Gad Bisbee, Nathaniel Haywood, Nehemiah Chase, Anson A, Smith, Joel Davis and others from the same vicinity, at what is now Center Haverhill. He took up new land and made a clearing and helped to build the Union meeting house, now standing. He brought up two sons, Asahel L., of Haverhill, and Benjamin F., of Warren. He married Lucy Barton, and died in 1867, aged sixty-four years. His widow, aged ninety-one years, lives with her son Benjamin F., in Warren. Asahet L., asuccessful farmer, has spent his life in Haverhill, married Lucia Heath, and has one son and one daughter. Rev. Barzillai Pierce was a Methodist minister, and in his early life was a circuit rider in Cheshire county. In 1826 hecame to Haverhill, locating im the eastern part, where he remained about twenty years. His extreme cor- pulency prevented his regular preaching, his weight being about 400 pounds, and after his settlement here he supplied pulpits in this and ajoining towns. Phineas Spalding, A. M., M. D., son of Reuben and. Jerusha (Carpenter) Spalding, was born in Sharon, Vt., January 14, 1799, and is seventh in de- scent from the first American ancesior, the line being Edward’, Benjamin’, Edward’, Ephraim*, Reuben’, Reuben®, Phineas’. Reuben‘ came from Plain- field, Conn., to Sharon, Vt., a.lad of fourteen, with an older brother, prior to: the Revolution, and was thus one of the early settlers of that town. He became a farmer, and was a man of strong character and sterling worth, a. leader in civil and religious affairs, a deacon for fifty years, anda Revolu- tionary soldier in the Continental army. He died at the advanced age of ninety-three years. His stalwart constitution descended to his posterity, for his twelve children (nine sons and three daughters,, all lived to maturity, and had families. His wife was a truly Christian woman, and “made home happy.” From such a stock we should expect good scions. Acquiring on the farm, by hard labor, a firmness of muscle, and a capacity of endurance, and with ex- tremely meager advantages of education at the brief terms of common school and nine week’s attendance at academies, Phineas had desire for something more than a mere taste of the fruit of the tree of knowledge, and, by praise- worthy application to his studies at night, after the wearisome day’s work was. TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 36r ended, he kept up with his classes, as well as lead in the labor of the farm,. which, as his father was away much of the time, on public business, devolved’ on Phineas to plan and execute. This was his life until he was twenty ; then he worked on a farm for a neighbor four months, his father giving him his wages. These were $15.00 per month, $3.00 more than the common price, When eighteen he taught a school of sixty scholars for three months, and proved himself a capital teacher. The next fall he engaged and taught a school of eighty scholars. His ability in teaching caused him to be given a school of 130 scholars, in Montpelier, the next year, and for four years he continued to teach there. Dr. Spalding had great natural talents for an edu- cator. He says that he had a faculty which excited enthusiasm to a wonder- ful degree in his pupils, and it is evident that he would have done much good’ had he devoted his life to educational work. But his mind was attracted to medicine, and, after his first winter in Montpelier, he began the study of medicine with his brother James, a physician of that place. His time was- well occupied. In connection with his medical studies, he taught the winter terms of district school, a class in the academy during the spring and fall terms, took private lessons in Latin, and attended two courses of medical lectures at Hanover. He began to practice medicine in April, 1823, before his graduation, which was from Dartmouth, in July, 1823. He located at Lyndon, Vt., and for fifteen years enjoyed a successful and prosperous prac- tice. In 1835 he received the honorary degree of A. M., from the University of Vermont. In 1841 he was appointed professor of surgery at Woodstock, (Vt.) Medical college, the other members of the faculty being Dr. H. H.. Childs, Robert Watts, Jacob Collamore, Alonzo W. Clark, B. B. Palmer, and S W. Thayer. In 1838 he attended a course of lectures at Boston Medical college,.and located at Brooklyn, N. Y., but, by reason of the illness of his wife, he returned to this section, and finally located in Haverhill, in 18309.. From that time he has been connected with the town, and the much prized’ physician for long years, until admonished by advancing years to relinquish: his duties to younger men. He has loved his profession. He was a mem- ber, for many years, of the Washington Co. (Vt.) Medical Society ; of the Caledonia Co. (Vt.) Medical Society, until 1838; was the originator of the Moose Hillock Medical Society, and its second president, which office he held many years, and was twice its delegate to the American Medical Society. The Moose Hillock Medical Society in time lost its indentity in the White Moun-- tain Medical Society, of which the doctor is now a member. He has reported many cases for publication in medical journals, and wields a strong pen. In 1824 he treated and cured a case of “inter-capsular fracture of the thigh bone.” A fracture of this sort had been pronounced incurable by Sir Astley Cooper, and other standard medical authorities, and the case was reported in the V. &. Medical Journal, of October, 1827. Subsequently an autopsy veri- fied the diagnosis and the cure, and this was reported in the Boston Medical Journal, 362 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. Dr. Spalding married, in 1826, Caroline B. Lathrop. They had two chil- -dren, Caroline A. and Mary G. (Mrs. James H. Tolle). In 1843 he mar- ‘ried Charlotte Merrill, of Haverhill. They have had two children, Ada L. (Mrs. Henry D. James), and Frank M.,now residing in Morrill, Kansas. Dr. Spalding organized the first temperance society in Vermont, at Lyn- don, in 1838, and was the president of Caledonia County Young Men's ‘Temperance Society, a large and useful body. He assisted in forming a tem- -perance society in Haverhill, which soon numbered 300 members, and has ever been radically opposed to the use of liquor and tobacco. Congrega- ‘tional by education and sympathy, he was deacon of the church at Lyndon -for over ten years, and has been one of the most valuable and active mem- bers of the church in Haverhill. In all matters of the town, church, edu- -cational and business, the doctor has been an acknowledged leader. The first me:ting called to agitate the building of what is now the B., C. & MLR. R., was called by himself and Harry Stevens, of Barnet, Vt, at the Doctor’s sug- -gestion, and was held at his house, in Haverhill, where an organization was effected. Rev. Mr. Bittinger, his pastor for many years, gives us this estimate -of Dr. Spalding’s character: “Dr. Spalding would be a remarkable man in any community. His intellectual endowment is large, and his common sense is a conspicuous trait of his make up. His sense of humor is the least prom- inent feature of his mental character. His reasoning is direct and mathe- matical, and he always sees things in the concrete, and not as an abstraction, ‘though he is not wanting in a certain poetical turn of imagination. Morally his ideal is high, and his sense of right and wrong is keen. His religious nature is developed more through his intellect than through the emotions, though his kindness and sympathy are tender and deep. He takes large views of things, though a strong partisan in church and politics, and is never trivial ‘in the treatment of questions-of duty and action. What he does, he does ‘intelligently, and from a conviction of what he sees is right. He is social, hospitable, fond of company, loves argument, and is entirely free from dema- -gogism. He is a staunch friend of all that is good, and steadfast in purpose —full of hope, courage, energy. As afamily man, he is a model.” David Noyes moved to Landaff from Pembroke, in 1813, served in the war -of 1812, and was amember of the regiment of Col. Mark Fisk, whose sister he married. His son Benjamin was born in Landaff in 1813, came with his -father’s family to Haverhill about 1828, located on road 38, where he has since lived. He devoted his life to farming, stock raising and lumbering. He married Mary C. Wheeler, of this town. Five of his six children are ‘living. His eldest son, George H., was a member of the 14th Wis. Vols., -and was killed at the battle of Gettysburg. Abel Wheeler came to Haverhill from Newport, N. H., about 1831, and located south of Center Haverhill. In his early life he was colonel of mili- -tia, was a farmer, and was also an ordained Free Will Baptist minister. He -died on his seventy-seventh birthday. Two of his daughters, Mrs. Benjamin Noyes and Mrs. J. G. Marcy, live in Haverhill. 364 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. ried Mary Tirell, of Bridgewater, and reared nine children. He died in 1872, aged sixty-nine years. Stephen Jeffers moved to Benton, from Hampstead, about 1810, locating in the western part. His brothers James and Josiah located in Haverhill, and another, John, after living several years in Haverhill, located in the south- ern part of Benton. Stephen married Phebe, daughter of Ebenezer Whita- ker who served in the Revolution, had settled in East Haverhill some years before, and had born to him three sons and two daughters, only one of whom, Stephen, is now living. Mr. Jeffers died in 1870, aged eighty-three years. His son Stephen marrried Louisa K., daughter of Allen Knight, of Benton, and has two sons, Ernest W. and Milan E. He is a farmer, and resides on road 39, where he has lived since 1849. Josiah Jeffers, who came here in 18tq4 or 1815, married Lydia Goodwin, of Hampstead, and reared eight children, five of whom reside in the same school district, and one, James M., lives in the house his father built. Josiah was one of the selectmen in 1846, and died in 1862, aged seventy-one years. His son Silvester was born in 1817, married Roxana Elliot, and has one daughter, Mrs. G. K. Blake. He served as selectman in 1872, ’73 and ’74, is a farmer, and has been a lumber manufacturer for thirty years. James and Abijah Cutting, sons of Zebulon, were born in Hanover, came to Haverhill in February, 1834, and James bought a 260 acre farm, ‘of the Roswell Hunt estate, located on the hill south of Pike Station. Of his chil- dren, three sons, Joseph B., John W. and James L., reside in Haverhill, Je- rusha (Mrs. Benjamin Hatch) lives in Hanover, Julia (Mrs. Charles Bridg- man) lives in New York city, and Laura (Mrs. Joseph McGreggor) is a resident of Northfield, Vt. John W., born October 10, 1818, has been chosen to many town offices, serving as selectman two years, was town representa- tive in 1870~’71, and is a successful farmer. He married Eliza S., daughter of Enoch P. Woodbury, of Haverhill, December 31, 1844, and has three children, namely, F. P., a farmer in Haverhill, Helen A. (Mrs. J. A. Davis), of Wentworth, and John H., of Detroit, Mich. -Abijah Cutting’s family moved to Iowa, and one of the sons, James, became prominent as an inventor. John H. Large, born in England, in 1818, emigrated to America when eighteen years of age, coming to Haverhill in the autumn of 1836. He was. a mason by trade, which business he followed until 1852, when he and Luther H. Keyes bought the farm on which he now lives. A clearing had been begun by Isaac Pearsons, but the land was mostly forest, and Mr. Keyes and Mr. Large cleared the farm and erected the buildings. Mr. Large married. Emma, daughter of Luther H. Keyes, in June, 1856, and has had born to him three sons and four daughters. Samuel St, Clair came to Haverhill, from Sandwich, N. H., about 1810. He ,was a blacksmith by trade, and worked the first season for a man in Piermont. His son John W., who came with him, worked on a farm. In the autumn of the same year the others of his family came here, and he 366 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. tive and financial ability, fully met the expectations of his friends, and re- ceived great credit from his constituents. He married, June 3, 1847, Ruth W. Morse, whose father, Caleb, was a son of the pioneer Stephen Morse, of Morse Hill. (Caleb Morse was born November 25, 1784; he married, May 20, 1807, Polly Fairbanks, born May 16, 1787, died December 30, 1862. Caleb Morse died December 6, 1841.) She was a woman of strong Christian char- acter, who made many and warm friends, and after a useful life of sixty-four years, died January 16, 1886, leaving two children, William Peters Smith and Anna M. Smith. Mr. Smith is held in high esteem for his broad and accu- rate judgment, his unostentatious worth, and his honesty of purpose. Heis careful, conservative, and prudent in his own business transactions, deals with everything entrusted to him as if it were his personal affairs, and his advice and counsel are often sought and followed in many and widely varying di- rections. He was a trustee of Bradford (Vt.) Savings Bank & Trust Com- pany for twelve years, and its president for three years. He has been a trus- tee of Haverhill academy for many years, and is now president of the board. Every effort for the improvement and betterment of society meets his hearty support. He is an active member of the Masonic order, and in every depart- ment of society enjoys the confidence and friendship of the best people. He attends the Congregational church, of which Mrs. .Smith was a valued mem- ber. Jonathan S. Nichols was born in Kingston, N. H., in December, 1809, and came to Haverhill when nineteen years of age to make chaise bodies for Samuel Smith. He soon began business for himself, and for over thirty years has carried on the manufacture of carriages in Haverhill. For several years subsequent to 1860 he was a salesman for the St. Johnsbury Scale Co., traveling in the West and South. He married twice, first, Myra M., daughter of Gen. John Montgomery, who bore him six children, two of whom are liv- ing, George E. and Nellie P., both teachers at Somerville, Mass. Mr. Nichols married for his second wife Elizabeth S., daughter, of Samuel Page, and has one daughter, Clara I., a teacher in Melrose, Mass. Ira Whitcher, son of William, was born in Benton, N. H., in 1815, and has been engaged more or less in the manufacture of lumber in his native town for over fifty years. In 1870 he moved to Woodsville, where he now resides; and since that time has erected twelve or more houses, over half of which he owns. He took a prominent part in all the political affairs of the town of Benton, which he represented in the State legislature in 1845-46, 1850-51 and 1863-64, and in the constitutional convention in 1851. In 1867 he was chosen one of the county commissioners, holding the office six years, and has also held various town trusts in Haverhill. He married Lucy Royce in 1843, and has two children, William, a member of the editoral corps of the Boston Trav- eler, and Mary (Mrs. Chester Abbott), of Woodsville. David, youngest of the ten sons of William Whitcher, was born in Coventry, June 17, 1828. He purchased his present farm in February, 1853, and during the same month, 368 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. ‘Sarah Carbee, of Newbury, Vt., in 1828. He resided in Newbury until 1840, when he purchased the river farm in Bath, now owned by his son Andrew, He reared eleven children, eight of whom are now living. He was a Metho- dist, and died in Bath in 1870. His widow died at Woodsville, in 1885. His -son, Albert H., is of the firm of A. H. Leighton & Co. Luther Butler, son of Samuel and Clarissa (Buck) Butler, was born in Pel- ham, N. H., in 1803, and was brought up in his grandmother’s family, in Bath. He went to Boston when twenty-one years of age, and learned the -stone mason’s trade. He helped build the Quincy market, in Boston, in 1824, built the Ammonoosuc bridge in 1829, was the builder of the stone- work on the Bath bridge, and the McIndoes Falls bridge on the Connecticut. ‘He bought his farm, on road 5, in 1835, was chosen selectman several times, and served as justice of the peace. He married Abigail Chamberlain, of Bath, and reared six children, three of whom are living, namely, Mira Hib- bard, of Brooklyn, Ia.; George C. and Clara, who live on the homestead. Luther Butler died October 2, 1885, in Haverhill. Isaac K. George was born in Sutton, N. H., and was made superintendent -of the Grafton county farm, in 1873. He tilled this position acceptably for twelve years, and retired in July, 1885. ‘ Samuel Jackson was born in England, served three years in the Revolu- ‘tion, settled in Coventry, N. H., before its organization, and was the first select- man of that town. He wasa mechanic, and was one of the few men of hi$ time ‘in town with education to do town business. His son Robert, born in Peter- boro, N. H., went to Lunenburg, Vt., acquired a farm, and married Mary Ann, daughter of Robert Braidon. Their eldest child, Marcus B., was born ‘in Lunenburg, Vt., December 4, 1809, and before he was a year old they moved to Coventry, into the house with his father, Samuel Jackson, who lived -on what was called High street. Here he erected a grist-mill. He had born ‘to him seven children, of whom the two youngest sons are now living. His children were as follows : Marcus B. was a mechanic; Dan Y. wasa farmer ; William W. became a physician, and located in Ohio, where he died in 1849 ; ‘Elizabeth W. married Samuel Bixby, of Warren, where she died; Fletcher was a graduate of Newbury seminary, became a teacher, which occupation ‘he followed for several years, in Ohio, and died of cholera in 1849 ; Tinomas B. fitted for college at Newbury, did not pursue the course, but located in ‘Haverhill, which town he represented in the legislature, and where he now lives ; and John W. was also educated at Newbury, has lived in Haverhill ‘since his youth, and for several years has dealt largely in mowing machines and farm implements. Isaac W. Hall was born in Francistown, N. H., and, his father having died when he was a small boy, he went to live with his uncle, Eben: Hall, in Orford, about 1808. He married Lois English, and afterwards moved to Landaff. ‘His eldest son, Damon B., lives in Haverhill, and another son, John E., re- sides in Landaff. Two other-sons and one daughter are living, but widely : TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 369 ‘scattered. Isaac W. Hall died in 1877, aged seventy years, and his wife died “the same year, aged seventy-five years. George Woodward came to Haverhill, from Springfield, Vt., about Septem- ber 23, 1836, purchased the farm at Horse Meadow, where his son, George J., now lives, and moved there in April, 1837. Henry L., an older son, re- ‘sides on road 23, and Mary J. George, the oldest child, lives at West New- bury, Vt. Mrs. Mary A. (Lake) Woodward, widow of George, is sixty-nine ‘years of age, and still lives on the home tarm. Stephen H. Cummings was born in New Hampton, May r1, 1822, and when a year old, with his father, Joseph Cummings, moved to Wentworth. He chas since then resided in Grafton county. The greater part of his business ‘life has been spent in Lisbon, where he served respectively as postmaster, town clerk, and school superintendent. In April, 1871, he became register -of deeds for Grafton county, and moved to Haverhill, to perform the duties of the office which he held three years. He has been selectman of Haverhill five years, and served as justice of the peace thirty years. Mr. Cummings married twice, first, Maria T. Newcomb, of Orford, in 1846, who bore him ‘four children, only one of whom, Mrs. Ada M. Worthen, of Brooklyn, N. Y., ‘is living. He married for his second wife the widow of David Mitchell, of Temple, Me., December 8, 1870. Charles H. Day was born in Rochester, N. H., located in Bristol in 1863, and was deputy sheriff in 1874 and ’75. and in tay was elected register of -deeds for Grafton county, and moved to Haverhill, where he filled that office for four years. Since then he has been engaged in private business. ‘He «married Harriet Emmons, of Bristol, in 1867, and has three children. William R. Clark, born in New Hampton, N. H., first came to Haverhill in 1849, but subsequently moved away, and returned in 1874, engaging in the business of carpenter and builder. He married Frances E., daughter of Josiah Colburn, of this town, and has one daughter, the wife of W. A. Fel- low, of Lyme. David Weeks. born in 1745, m moved to Bath, from Greenland, N. H., some ‘time previous to the Revolution, his name being among the list of soldiers who went from Bath. He married Ruth Page, and had born to him two -sons and two daughters. He wasa carpenter, and died in 1827, aged eighty- ‘two years. His son David was a farmer, spent his life in Bath, where he theld some minor offices, and married Matilda Childs. Of his eleven children ‘three of them now reside in Bath, namely, Mrs. M. C. Powers, Mrs. William Minot and Mrs. George Chamberlain. One son, Moses M., married Sally Minot, and resided in Bath until April, 1866, when he moved to his present home in Haverhill. He has two children, Hattie P., the wife of J. L. Bell, and Elbridge. Lyman Buck and Lyman, Jr., came to Haverhill from Waterford, Vt., in 1841, and bought the Swan Hotel, on road 36, which théy conducted for sev- eral years. Lyman Buck, Jr., married Lucia W. Kasson, of New Pity, Vt, 24* 370° TOWN OF HAVERHILL. December 21, 1758, and reared five children. Besides carrying on his farm he was for several years a dealer in agricultural machinery. He died Febru- ary 5, 1883, nearly fifty-two years of age. Peter Flanders, son of John, was born in Bradford, Vt., where he lived* ‘until 1854, when he moved to Piermont, and two years later came to Haver- hill, where he now lives. His son Charles F. graduated from Dartmouth. college in 1871, and from Andover Theological seminary in 1874. He is now: pastor of the Congregational church at Newport, N. Ii. Darius K. Davis was born in Northfield, N. H., and.came to East Haver-- hillin 1856. He became a partner in the store with his brothers, Abel S, and™ C. B., and continued in trade with them and by himself until 1883, when he- retired. During this time he owned stores at Warren, Tilton and Pike Sta- tion, and at Indianapolis, Ind. He served two years as selectman in Benton, married Susanna E. Howe, May 10, 1854, and has one daughter, Addie D.,. the wife of Dr. O. D. Eastman, of Woodsville. Isaac Pike, founder of the whetstone business in Haverhill, was born in 1799, in “Cockermouth,” now the towns of Hebron and Groton, and was. the fifth child of Moses and Mary (Ball) Pike, in a family of thirteen children. The Pike family came to this country as early as 1635, and settled on a farm. in Salisbury, Mass., which is still in possession of descendants of the name. An early member of the family was a graduate of Harvard college, and was- the first minister of the Congregational church in Dover. Nicholas Pike, au-- thor of the famous Pike arithmetic, very generally used in our schools fifty’. . years ago, was also of this family. The New Hampshire branch of the Pike- ‘family, consisting of several brothers, came to “Cockermouth” some time- about 1785 from Dunstable, Mass, and Hon. Austin F. Pike, at present a. senator in the Congress of the United States, is a grandchild of the youngest of these brothers. Isaac Pike, the subject of this sketch, came to Haverhill about 1818. Soon after, when less than twenty years of age, he settled in the eastern part of | the town, where he cleared a piece of land and built himself a house. This house is now owned by Royal Noyes. Mr. Pike was married twice. His first ' wife was Irena Dole, and they had two children. His second wife was- Sally Morse Noyes, and their children were six, four sons and two daughters. He was engaged in farming, lumbering, and in the manufacture of scythe- stones, and also carried on the business of a merchant, and, to within a few” «’ years of his death, was one of the most active business men of Haverhill. © Mr. Pike at one time lived at Haverhill Corner, and kept store in the build-- ing afterward used for the same purpose by Hook. In early times the timber and lumber of the Upper Connecticut was run- down the river in rafts. Mr, Pike run large quantities of logs and lumber’ from Haverhill to Hartford, Conn. He also transported his whetstones on his rafts, and in this’ way got them to market by cheap freight. An incident in connection with one.of his trips down the river illustrates his frank and in—- sietanhet AS « TOWN OF HAVERHILL, ; 371 -dependent character. After selling his lumber in Hartford, he went toa clothing store to refit himself with a new suit of clothes. His appearance was not very assuring, as he had lost his hat, and his clothes were rather the worse for wear, and the clerk who was in charge of the store was not disposed -to sell him a suit of clothes until he was satisfied that he had the money to -pay for it. Mr. Pike drew out his money, and then allowed the clerk to show him a great many suits. After putting him to much trouble, he turned to the -clerk and said: ‘You have seen my money, and I have seen your clothes ; good-day.” The suit was bought at another sture. He also handled large quantities of whetstones to Burlington, Vt., from which point they were -shipped to New York. Mr. Pike was a man of great energy and enterprise, and was esteemed a -thoroughly honest and trustworthy man. On several occasions he became much involved financially, and his creditors were disposed to settle with him on a percentage of their claims, but he promptly refused their offer, and paid -every dollar of his indebtedness. Prominent amongst the traits of his char- acter were his courage, perseverance, and industry. He was kindly in dis- “position and generous in his impulses. Many were those whom he befriended ‘in their distresses. He was also a public-spirited man, and helpful in all -good enterprises. The ground on which the first church in East Haverhill was built was given by him, and he was a willing and constant supporter -of its services. In personal appearance Mr. Pike was somewhat striking. He was more than medium in size, with dark eyes and thick black hair, broad-shouldered, erect in form, and weighed over two hundred pounds. He -died in 1860, of apoplexy, and is buried in the East Haverhill cemetery. Alonzo Franklin Pike is the fourth child of Isaac and Sally Morse Noyes Pike, and was born in Haverhill in 1835. He is a self-made man, and early -displayed the same business energy and courage of his father. Before he was -of age, in 1857, he bought out his father’s store, and carried on the business for himself. At the time of his father’s death the whetstone business was in . a very unsatisfactory condition, and the estate being much entangled, at the _ -earnest solicitation of the mother and family, Mr. A. F. Pike consented to act as administrator of the property, and by careful and wise management he suc- -ceeded in unravelling the entanglement, so that the estate payed nearly every claim in full which was brought against it. Although his plans had been -formed to go to the city for the purpose of engaging in other business, he now abandoned his purpose, and entered into the business which his father had left At that time the business of whetstones and scythe-stones was compara- tively limited, but by great energy and industry and steadfastness it has now -grown to be one of the most extensive plants in the state. , Mr. Pike has been an earnest and indefatigable worker in the pursuit of his buisness, and by close attention to his affairs, careful and prudent direction of his plans, by energy, integrity, and strict punctuality, he has steadily risen from a meagre beginning and in the course of the twenty-five years of his business life finds 372 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. himself one of the most successful business men of Grafton county. He hasa. sound and trustworthy business judgment, and is president of the A. F. Pike Manufacturing Co., and one of its principal owners. He lives at Pike Station where he has a pleasant but unostentations home, looking to the east on one of the finest scenes in all this section of country, having for the foreground the: beautiful valley through which winds the Oliverian, with the foot-hills of Ben- ton beyond, and back of these the grand outlines of Moosehillock. Mr. Pike married Ellen M. Hutchins, and they had a family of six children,. four of whom are living. They have a pleasant and happy home, and Mr. Pike owes much to his thoughtful and faithful wife for the large measure of success which has attended his business career. He takes a deep interest in all matters of public concern, andis a generous and public spirited citizen’ He is one of the trustees of Haverhiil academy. Mr. Pike is a constant at-- tendant upon the services of the church at East Haverhill and is a liberal sup- porter of the gospel. In personal looks he somewhat resembles his father,. dark complexioned, black eyes and hair, stocky in build, square shoulders, strong and firm mouth, full head, the whole man in his physique indicating en- ergy and force of character. Mr. Pike isa most kindly and genial man, mak- ing everybody welcome and at ease who comes within his home. He is still. in the prime of life, just turned of fifty years of age. Isaac Pike, born May 15, 1829, son of Isaac and Sally, is treasurer of the- A.F. Pike Manufacturing Company, and has the general oversight of the manu- facturing at Pike Station. He is a man of strict honesty and of careful busi- ness habits. He has had five children, has lost two by death, one of whom being his only son, Bion W., aged 19 years. His children now living are Mr. John D. Hilliker, of Littleton, N. H., Mrs. George Wilson, of Bradford,. Vt., and an infant daughter. Edwin B. Pike, youngest son of Isaac and Sally, born April 7, 1845, is- vice-president of the A. F. Pike Manufacturing Company, and has the active management of the business outside the office. He is full of business push. and enterprise, and has the very laudable ambition of making the business. second to none in the world. He married Addie A. Miner, of Salem Mass., and their children are E. Bertram, born July 24, 1866, (the only living son of the three brothers,) Winifred A., born May 21, 1869, and Archie F., born. September 24. 1873. The entire family are members of the First Congrega- tional church, Mr. Pike being an officer, and they endeavor to show by precept" _ and example the benefits of living a smple, christian life. Fe — sbbecr John D. Pike, son of Isaac and Irena, was born February 14, 1822. His | living children are Mrs. George Hatch, Samuel P., a successful business man TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 373 of Lowell, Mass., Mrs. George Perkins, Mrs. A. A. Knapp, Emma and Ephriam. Drewry Pike, born November 23, 1811, died April 30, 1884, was a son of Moses and Mary, and brother of Isaac, whom he assisted many years in the stone business. He married Louise Burbank, and their living children are Mrs John Goodwin, of Manchester, and Mrs. Robert Arnold, Mrs. E. R. Mor- rill, Burns H., Charles J., arfd Oscar B., of this town. Samuel Pike, born June 10, 1814, son of Moses and Mary, and brother Isaac, has living children as follows: Charles W., of Haverhill, who has been selectman of the town, also county jailor ; Andrew J., of Woodsville, and William E., of Haverhill. Charles-J. Pike is a director of the A. F. Pike Mfg. Co., son of Drewry and Louisa, nephew of Isaac and cousin of A. F. He is general superintendent of quarries for the company at Pike Station, and an honest and successful man. He married Ellen S. Talbert and his children are Frederick, born March 13, 1869; Harry H., born September 20, 1870, and Bertha M., born June 1, 1876. Alonzo W. Putnam, son of David, was born in Hanover in January, 1828, and came with his parents to Haverhill, when eleven years of age. He always followed farming, but besides this he dealt largely in live stock, and built a saw-mill in Piermont, which Mrs. Putnam now owns. He also bought and pressed large quantities of hay, and for many years was a member of the firm of Knapp & Putnam, lumber manufacturers in Warren. He married Hannah Cole, of Lebanon, January 1, 1850, and reared four sons and four daughters, viz.: Parker A., of Tintah, Minn.; John and Hiram M., of Hav- erhill; Walter E., of Laramie, Wyo.; Susie H. (Mrs. William H. Prescott), Carrie (Mrs. Thomas Morris), and Mary, of Haverhill, and Nellie M. (Mrs. F. P. Winn), of Fairlee, Vt. Mr. Putnam died May to, 1881, aged fifty- three years. e Levi B. Ham, a native of Gilmanton, N. H., came to Haverhill, in 1851, and engaged in the tinsmith business, which he continued until 1878, when he sold out to Mr. Facey. He has served as deputy sheriff over four years, was town representative in 1874-75, and was town clerk and treasurer from 1866 until 1874. He married twice, first, Martha A. Goodhue, of Epson, and second, Livona Gilman, of Bethlehem. He has one son and one daugh- ter, John F. and Hattie I. James A. Currier, son of Chellis and grandson of Richard, was born in Enfield, December 27, 1819, and became a tanner, learning the trade of Capt. John Johnson. When twenty-one years of age he began business for himself, at East Enfield, where he continued about ten years. In 1852 he came to Haverhill, and bought the old tannery at Oliverian Village, of James and Jacob Bell, which he rebuilt, having as partner John V. Webster. ‘They continued together until 1861, when F. P. Currier acquired the interest “of J. V. Webster, which he held until the buildings were burned in 1871. 374 ‘ TOWN OF HAVERHILL. James A. Currier was chairman of the selectmen during the first two years of the civil war, and furnished sixty-four soldiers to the service. Besides his business as a tanner he has been largely engaged in cattle buying and the lumber business. He married Fanny Perkins, of Lyme, in December, 184, and has oxe son and one daughter, John Rix Currier, of this town, and Leuella, the wife of Eben Heath, of Danville, Vt. Charles B. Griswold, son of Ahira and Frances (White) Griswold, was born in Lebanon, N. H., January 6, 1832. He was successively engaged in the mercantile business, railroading and farming until 1867, when, being chosen as register of deeds for Grafton county, he moved: to Haverhill to perform the duties of this office, to which he was successively re-elected until 1871, when he was succeeded by 5. H. Cummings. He then returned to Lebanon with his family, and from that time until 1874 was engaged in the cotton and lumber business, at Humboldt, Tenn. In September, 1874, he received the appointment of clerk of courts for Grafton county, and he again returned to Haverhiil, where he now resides, having held that office for eleven years. He married Alzina M. Sawyer, of Malone, N. Y., June 16, 1858, and has one son, Charles S., who is a student at law with Bingham, Mitchells and Batch- ellor of Littleton. _ The Southard family is of English origin, and the name was formerly spelled Southworth, but many of the American families spell it Southard and Souther. The family is one of the oldest in New England. Over two hundred and sixty years ago, one hundred and two passengers in the good ship ‘‘Mayflower” arrived in Cape Cod harbor, and landed at Plymouth, Mass. Among this number, and pre-eminent for her mental and personal qualities, was ‘‘Mistress” Alice Southworth, a widow with children. ‘‘Mistress” Alice afterward became the wife of Gov. William Bradford of coloriial fame. Her children bearing the Southworth name were in all probability the ances- tors of the Southworths, Southards and Southers of the New England States. About the middle of the eighteenth century, April t1, 1750, there was bornin Plainfield, Conn., one Thomas Southard, who, when a young man, came to Acworth, N. H., and afterwards purchased a farm in Hanover; but losing his hard-earned property on account of a defective title, he removed to Charles: town, where he died, in 1790, at the early age of forty, leaving his wife, Rachel, with the care of five smallchildren, James, Moses and Aaron twins, Eliza, and Lucinda. Mrs. Southard was a woman of great energy and in- dustry, endowed with a brain fertile in resources, and, by her artistic and skill- ful work in weaving linen of various designs, was enabled to support her fatherless children. This worthy woman died in Haverhill, November 15, 1823, aged seventy-three years. Moses and Aaron, born in Acworth, N. H., in 1784, were educated at the common schools, and engaged in merchandis- ing in Drewsville, Walpole, N. H., at the time of the war of 1812. They con- tinued in business for six years and were financially successful. In 1822 they moved to Haverhill and purchased the Col. Asa Porter farm of about four or TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 375 five hundred acres. They divided the farm, Aaron reserving the homestead, and Moses erecting a house, and their lives were ever after passed there on -one of the finest farms on the Connecticut river. These twin brothers were ‘so similar in personal appearance that even people having intimate business relations with them could not distinguish one from the other. Moses mar- ried Nancy King of Acworth. They had five children three of whom died in youth ; Solon S., settled in Bristol, where two of his sons now reside ; Lyman M. ‘married first, Jane Bachop, second, Hetty, daughter of Dudley Kimball, of Newbury, Vt. Moses Southard died April 16, 1852, aged sixty-eight years. Aaron married Jane Taylor Finley, daughter of Deacon Samuel Finley of Acworth, a descendant of the Scotch-Irish stock of Londondery, N. H. No- where in America have been found more honest virtues, or more sterling qual- ities than were in this notable settlement. Deacon Finley was one of the great minds of his section ; he transacted much public business ; he settled all -cases Of litigation in his town during his active life, and was prominent in church and state affairs. His daughter, Mrs. Southard, inherited much of the strong personality of her father, and was a woman of ability. She died December 13, 1875 aged eighty-five years. The children of Aaron and Jane “Taylor (Finley) Southard were Samuel F.; Eliza, (married Henry H. Page, son of Gov. John Page); Ann Jane (married Nathaniel M. Page, also son of ‘Gov. Page); Joseph, died aged nine years; Kate (Mrs. John N. Morse). Aaron Southard was one of the leading agriculturists cf the county. He was successful in his business, because he was unwearied and persistant in his efforts, devoting himself exclusively to it. He was a Whig and a Repub- lican in his political affiliations, but never held an office. He had no aspira- tions for official preferment, and said that “the greatest curse,a man can have isan office.” In religious faith he was a Congregationalist, and a liberal supporter of the interests of that denomination. He was a man much ‘respected and esteemed in his community, and died September 20, 1857, aged seventy-two years and eleven months. Samuel Finley Southard, son of Aaron and Jane (Finley) Southard, was born in Charlestown, N. H., May 17, 1813. When nine years old he came with his parents to Haverhill, and has since been a resident of the town. His common school advantages were supplemented by an attendance at Haver- hill academy. His childhood days were passed where everything about him revealed the bountiful gifts of Mother Nature, and ashe inherited from his father the characteristics of a good agriculturist, he could hardly have fol- lowed any other than that most honorable calling among men, and has proved himself the right man in the right place. Mr. Southard is a Republican, but no office seeker, and has given his entire time and thought to his business. He throws himself ‘with all the energy of his nature, into the cultivation and improvement of the broad acres which he inherited from his father, and is considered one of the best farmers in town. He has been successful because lhe deserves to be, has a just pride in his fields, his meadows, and his sleek 376 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. cattle. A citizen of sterling integrity, kind a generous feelings, and frank and manly bearing, he enjoys the friendship and esteem of the leading men of this section, and is a representative farmer of Grafton county. Socially, he is plain and unpretending, has an active, keen, inquiring mind, and a clear and retentive memory. He is a good conversationalist, and gives accurate and graphic descriptions of the times and manners of the people of his earlier years. Robert Elliott was among the early settlers in the southwestern part of Cov- entry, now Benton. He signed the petition for the first town meeting, December 11, 1801, and was one of the first of those who teamed with oxen to Boston, from this town, for goods. He lived to a very advanced age. His son Winthrop was born February 8, 1785, was captain in the militia, and lived most of his life in Benton. Roswell Elliott’s house now stands on a part of the farm deeded by John Jeffers to Robert Elliott, Jr., August 30, 1813, and by him to Noah Elliott, October 26, 1822. Noah, son of Capt. Winthrop Elliott, married Lucretia Austin, and spent his life in the improve- ment of his large farm, and raising of stock. He died July 7, 1860, and his widow died November 3, 1871. Three of his eight children are living, namely, Winthrop, on road 42, Roswell, on road 30, and Roxana, wife of Silvester Jeffers, on road 41. Roswell served as selectman in 1862, and as tax col- lector in 1879. He married Polly Blake, and has two daughters. Winthrop. married Mary C. Page, widow of Daniel Batchelder, and has five children, the eldest of whom, Simon W., served in the war. Newhall, Eli and Asher Pike came to Haverhill from Plymouth, before 1830, and engaged in the manufacture of brick near where North Haverhill depot now is. They made the brick for the court-house and county record buildings, at Haverhill Corner, and also for the house their father, Perley, built in the western part of Plymouth, in 1831, the brick and lime being hauled from Haverhill. Eli married Mary A. Sennott, of Saco, Me., and reared three sons and four daughters. He sold out his interest in the brick yard about 1835, and bought two lots of land in the northeastern part of Haverhill, which he cleared. He died on this farm, in February, 1883, aged seventy-seven years. His eldest son, Amos M., resides on this same farm, William Clough came to Lyman, from Salem, Mass., about 1785, bringing with him his family of six sons. He was in the French and Indian war for three years, was captured by the foe and carried to France, where he was kept a year or more. He entered the Revolution without enlistment, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. He died in Lyman, and many of his. grandchildren live in this section. His son Cyrus was the father of twelve children, of whom Frederick lives in Haverhill, Timothy in Lyman, Julia, — widow of Reuben Moulton, also in Lyman, and Cyrus in Jefferson. James B. Clark, son of Jonathan, was born in Bath, N. H., February 20, 1825, and came to this town when about twelve years of age. When twenty- eight years of age he married Drusilla M. Bisbee, of Haverhill, has spent — \ NS S\\ XG TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 377 several years away from this town, but has been, for fourteen years, a dentist: at Center Haverhill. Captain Enos Wells came to Haverhill, from Canaan, when about twenty” years of age, worked one year and went to the northern part of Coventry. Here he bought a lot’slightly improved, built a house and saw-mill, and car- ried on the manufacture of lumber. He was always a prominent man as a town officer. His father, Ephraim, spent his later life in Benton. Enos married twice, first, Lois Hibbard, and second, Sally Clark, of Landaff, in. 1824, who bore him four sons. Of these, Caleb and George live in Haver- hill, and Enos C. is a shoe manufacturer, in Lynn, Mass. Caleb moved to- Haverhill in 1868. He represented the town of Benton in 1867-68, has been school superintendent seventen years, and selectman five years. He- has been justice of the peace thirty years, and since coming to Haverhill has served as selectman three years, in 1882,’83 and ’84. He married twice, first, Martha H. Gordon, of Landaff, and second Lucy Gordon, a sister of his first wife, and has four children. George Wells was enrolled, in the mili-’ tia, from which he resigned, after reaching the rank of major. Samuel Powers Carbee, M. D., was born in Bath, N. H., in 1836, the youngest son in a family of ten children. John H. Carbee, his father, was- born in Newbury, Vt., in 1791, and removed to Bath when a young man. His brothers, Moses and William, followed him ata later date. Farming: was his principal occupation, though while a young man he was employed as a pilot in rafting lumber down the Connecticut river, and he afterwards gave some attention to lumbering. He died in Bath at the advanced age of eighty- six years, in 1877. Samuel P., the subject of this sketch, attended the dis-- trict school in Bath in his youth, and subsequently pursued a course at the then flourishing Newbury (Vt.) seminary, thus fitting himself to become a teacher in the public schools, an occupation which he followed for a time.. Choosing the medical profession as his life work, he, in 1860, began the study of medicine with Dr. Albert H. Crosby, at Wells River, Vt. He continued’ with him and doctors Dixi and A. B. Crosby, at Hanover, until into the year” 1862, when, in response to his country’s call, he laid aside books and scalpel fora musket, enlisted as a private, under Captain J. Ware Butterfield, and’ went to the front with the 12th New Hampshire volunteers. For some time he was placed on detached duty in the commissary department, but being: qualified by his medical studies for more important duties, he was commis- sioned assistant surgeon, October 26, 1863, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. Except from May to December, 1864, when he was- detailed for service at Point of Rocks hospital, Va., he served with his regi- ment, and was on duty at the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville,. Gettysburg, Front Royal. Bermuda Front, Swift Creek, Drury’s Bluff, Cold Harbor, Fort Harrison, Siege of Petersburg, and capture of Richmond, and is said to have been the first Union surgeon to enter the Confederate capitol’ after it was taken. His discharge was dated June 21, 1865, and he was mus— 378 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. ‘tered out with his regiment after its return to New Hampshire. Unlike many young men just out of the army, he went diligently to work to perfect him- self in his profession, returned to Hanover, and took a course at Dartmouth Medical college, from which he graduated in November, 1865. He then located in Haverhill, succeeding to the practice of Dr. H. H. Tenney, and ‘for twenty years bas performed, faithfully and successfully, the duties of his calling, established a professional reputation second to none in this region, and -enjoyed a wide-spread and lucrative practice. He has been for years, identified -as a member of the White Mountain and the New Hampshire medical societies, and for fifteen years the accredited medical examiner of leading life insurance companies. Called to serve upon the United States examining board for pen- -sions, a position for which he was pre-eminently fitted by his long army ex- perience, he continued in the office for twelve years, his colleagues being Dr. E. V. Watkins, of Newbury, and Dr. J. R. Nelson, of Wells River, Vt. As a delegate to State conventions, he has acted in behalf of the Republicans of Haverhill, upon numerous occasions, and was selected as a candidate for county -commissioner in 1884, being one of the nominees who led the party to suc- -cess in the county, after nearly a score of years in the minority. He spent his life a bachelor until September 30, 1885, when he was happily united in marriage with Miss N. Della Buck, of Haverhill, a young lady of estimable character, and exceptional charms of person and manner. Though in the ‘prime of a vigorous manhood, he has of late retired from medical practice to a great extent, relinquishing his office to his cousjn, Dr. Moses D. Carbee, giving his attention only to such critical cases as will not be entrusted to younger hands. Few men prove themselves better adapted to the avocation of their choice, than has he. Ever ready with a cordial greeting, a kind word, and a pleasant smile, his cheerful presence in the sick-room is a tonic in itself. To the poor, as well as the rich, his services have been ever ex- tended, often without promise or expectation of reward. The same thought- ‘ful care and unwearying attention have marked his practice in either case, and many bear testimony that he has oftener refused than demanded his pay. In official as in professional life, his faithfulness to the trusts imposed has won friends and adherents from the ranks of his political opponents, and one will look far to find a man whose prosperity and success ‘would give greater personal or general gratification. Charles A Gale was born in Gilmanton. N. H., December 4, 1818, and bought his present farm in Haverhill in 1850. He has followed farming, butchering, dealing in live stock, &c. He represented Haverhill in 1875-76. He married Laura G. Wetherbee, May 28, 1850, and has four sons. His -son Charles A. lives at Woodsville. Jesse Carlton, a soldier of the Revolution, moved to Bath, from Boxford, Mass., at an early day. He married Nancy Harriman, and reared five sons and five daughters. John, son of Jesse, moved to Michigan, where he mar- ried and became the father of three or four children, of whom Will Carleton, TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 379 the poet, residing in Brooklyn, N. Y., is the only survivor. Isaac, second son of Jesse, went as a soldier in the war of 1812, when nineteen years of age, afterward married Abigail Merriil, and was the father of ten children. He lived twelve years in Newbury, Vt., where his son Chester M. was born. The latter, born January 18, 1831, enlisted in the First Missouri Engineers, .and served three years in the civil war. After his discharge, in 1864, he re- turned to Haverhill, married Martha M. Bacon, April 18, 1865, and has four children. Col. William Tarleton was hotel-keeper on the Grafton turnpike, in the’ eastern part of Piermont, and was sheriff of Grafton ‘county from 1809 to 1813. Tarleton ponds derived their name from him. He married twice, first, Mary Melville, who bore him two sons and two daughters, namely, Wil- liam, Amos, Betsey and Mary, all of whom, with the exception of Amos, died without descendants. His second wife became the mother of six children. He died March 26, 1819, aged sixty-six years. His son Col. Amos became a farmer, and after the death of his father kept the hotel where he lived over forty years. He married Theodora, daughter of James Ladd, and reared five children. He was colonel of militia, and died December 1, 1864, aged eighty-two years. His eldest son, Henry, is a farmer, spent most of his life in Piermont, but now resides in Haverhill. Horace Tarleton is engaged in the cotton trade, as a contractor for compressing cotton, resides at 560 Mon- roe street, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and has a family of seven children. One son, Grafton, lives in Hanover, N. H. Arthur Tarleton lives in Columbia, Cal., where he went in 1849. Amos Tarleton has been successfully engaged in the hotel business about forty years, and has been proprietor of the Ocean House, Chelsea Beach, Mass., for thirty-one years. Mary J. Tarleton be- came the wife of Thomas A. Barstow, a farmer of Piermont, who enlisted in Co. B, 15th N. H. Vols., and was killed at the battle of Port Hudson. Zebulon Hunt, a Revolutionary soldier, was an early resident of Bath, and the father of a large family. His youngest child, Nathan, was born July 29, 1800, married Harriet Ricker, and died March r2, 1884. His widow resides in Bath. Hisson David S. was born in Bath, on Hunt mountain, and came to Haverhill in 1860. Henry P. Watson, M. D., was born in Guildhall, Vt., June 8, 1845, fitted for college at Newbury, Vt., seminary, and graduated from Dartmouth col- lege in 1865. He studied medicine with his father, Dr. Henry L. Watson, and with Drs. Dixie and E. B. Crosby, at Hanover. He began practice at ‘Groveton, N. H., and came to North Haverhill in 1869. He has since prac- ticed in this town, but removed to Haverhill village, in March, 1884. He has been superintendent two years, married Evelyn Marshall, of Northumber- Jand, N. H., in 1867, and has three children. Chandler Cass, son of Jacob, who moved to Piermont, from Sanbornton, at an early day, was born in Piermont, October 12, 1813. Mr. Cass, a stone- cutter by trade, spent most of his life in Haverhill, and served as tax collector 380 : TOWN OF HAVERHILL. several years, the only one who ever collected every dollar assessed. He mar- tied Diana Glover. Of his children, Hosea B. lives in Haverhill, George C_ was killed in the army, Ovett A. married A. W. Newcomb, of Orford, and. Carrie D. married Rexford Pierce, of this town. Hosea Swett Baker was born in Stoddard, N. H., June 1, 1797, and died’ in East Haverhill May 20, 1885,’ aged eighty-eight years, lacking eleven. days. He was the son of Timothy and Catharine (Healy) Baker, two brothers and two sisters being older than himself. His mother died in August, 1798, aged 34 years, leaving him an infant ; and his father, marrying again and migrating to Western New York, there died in Pembroke, Decem-. ber 16, 1823, aged sixty-eight years. Hosea Baker was descended from John Baker, freeman, of Charleston, Mass., 1634, through Dea Joseph, of the fourth generation, who married Hannah Lovewell, only daughter of Capt! John Lovewell, the celebrated Indian warrior, and settled in Pembroke, N.. H. He married, in 1821, Fanny Huntington, daughter of Hezekiah and Esther (Slade) Huntington, who was born in Hanover November 15, 18or,, and died in Haverhill, of apoplexy, April 16, 1874, aged seventy-two: years and five months. Her family was of Connecticut origin. Of their six. children, all born in Haverhill, the three oldest are deceased: Royal Hun- tington (Baker), born August 7, 1812, was a farmer in East Haverhill, and died August 22, 1871, aged forty-nine years, leaving two children, Martha. M. and Solon H. Peyton Randolph, born September 2, 1826, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1848; was a physician in Maine, and died May 16, 1873, aged forty-seven years and eight months, leaving one son, Oliver Randolph, who is a clothing merchant in Bradford, Vt. Solon Healy, born June 23, 1827, died September 19, 1828. Solon Healy, born August 3, 1829, was a farmer with his father in East Haverhill, where he is still resid- ing. Fanny Maria, born August 26, 1831, married a Congregational clergy- man, of Sanbornton, N. H., in 1865, and has three daughters—one son and one daughter deceased, Oliver Harrison, born April 27, 1834,.is a jeweler in Topeka, Kansas, and has one son, John Huntington. During the most of his long life Hosea S. Baker was intimately connected with Grafton county, and especially with the town of Haverhill. He was brought, soon after the death of his mother, to his uncle’s in Piermont, by whom he was brought up, though “‘buying his time” before he was twenty-one. He then earned money to attend school in the newly established academy at Haver- hill Corner, soon fitting himself to teach school, and followed that vocation for several winters at Haverhill, and lastly, for a whole year continuously, in the town of Rumney. Meanwhile, in 1820, he had made a long journey on foot to visit his father in Western New York, traveling upwards of 1,100 miles. After marriage he went into the lumber business, on the Oliverian brook, rafting his products down the river to Hartford, Conn. Taking up | his abode at the Corner in 1825, he followed the meat business, the shoe and leather trade and general merchandise, with Bunce, Blaisdell & Co., in all TOWN OF HAVERHILL. 381 for twenty-five years. In 1851 he bought a valuable farm, the old Crouch stand at East Haverhill, which. with his sons, he carried on and improved: until 1880, He then took up his final residence with his son Solon, at the- village of East Haverhill, and there continued, with an old age of remarkable: vigor, geniality and usefullness, till he was prostrated by an accident, and after three months of intense suffering, endured with a spirit of calm resigna- tion and Christian hope, he expired as stated above. Thus, for nearly sixty- seven years, Mr. Baker lived in Haverhill and always enjoyed the respect and’ confidence of his fellow townsmen. He was elected to almost every office in- the gift of the town, and served in some of them for many years. He repre- sented the town in the ligislature one year, 1837, the opposite party coming: into power the next year; was selectman for two terms, and voted in Haver- hill at seventeen presidential elections, consecutively, beginning with the sec-. ond term of James Monroe in 1820. He helped organize one of the earliest: Sunday-schools in Haverhill, in 1825, and was afterwards its superintendent, and was also one of the trustees of Haverhill academy, and secretary and treas- urer of the Methodist Episcopal society at Haverhill Corner. He joined the lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in 1823, was frequently Master of the lodge, and was also a member of the Mount Lebanon Royal Arch Chapter, of Bradford, Vt. He was appointed deputy sheriff by Amos A. Brewster ; was a captain in the state militia, postmaster for a time in East Haverhill, and a justice of the peace for the last forty-five years of his life. In this latter capacity, besides other duties, he solemnized numerous marriages and settled. many estates in Haverhill and adjoining towns. He also conducted scores of funerals. His generosity and integrity in all these transaction were never questioned, while in the varied relations of private life his kindness of heart and true Christian character shone conspiciously. Amid the busiest scenes he was ever ready to extend his aid and sympathy to the sick and: suffering. Being a devoted student of the Bible from his youth, Mr. Baker- was remarkably familiar with its contents, and served as the highly prized instructor of a Bible class in Sabbath-school of the East Haverhill Metho- dist church, till the last months of his life, with which church he also united. by the ordinance of Baptism. Rev. Joseph H. Brown, the eldest son of James and Judith B. (Harran)- Brown, was born in New Hampton, N. H., December 19, 1833, though brought up in Bridgwater, N. H. He was converted and joined the Free Baptist church at the age of sixteen years, and educated at New Hampton Literary and Theological schools, he entered.the ministry in 1868. He mar-- ried Hattie N. Huse, of Danville, Vt., May 1, 1862, and was ordained and installed pastor of the Free Baptist church at Bowe Lake, Strafford, May 29, 1862, and continued there three years. He was subsequently pastor of the Free Baptist church at Epsom one year, Hill Center two years, and one year at Alexandria, and for two years labored as an agent of the New Hamp- shire Bible Society. He belonged to the Free Baptist denomination eight. 382 TOWN OF HAVERHILL. years as layman, four years as a licentiate, and eight years as an eider, filling many positions of trust in that ecclesiastical body. April 9, 1870, he was received into the New Hampshire conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and since then his pastorates have been at Rumney, Lisbon, Frank- lin Falls, Jefferson, Stark, Manchester Center, and North Haverhill. In five towns he has served as school superintendent and represented the town of Hill in the legislature. He is a trustee of the New Hampshire Methodist Episcopal Conference, trustee of the New Hampshire Conference Seminary and*Female College, at Tilton. He was the first secretary of the Winnipe- saukee Camp Meeting Association, and exerted a leading influence in the purchase and building up of the camp-ground at Wiers, and is now upon its executive committee. He has also been a member of the executive com- mittee of the White Mountain Camp Meeting Association, at Groveton. As a pastor and church financier, he has not taken an inferior rank. Revivals and church growth have generally marked his labors. He is, emphatically, a self-made man. The First Congregational church of Haverhill, at Haverhill Corner, was organized October 3, 1790, about thirty years after the town was settled: In 1763 the proprietors of Haverhill and Newbury voted to unite in paying a preacher “for two or three months this fall and winter.” The year following a church was organized at Newbury, composed of members from both sides of the river, which was the first church organized in the Connecticut valley north ‘of Charlestown, N. H. The Rev. Peter Powers was its first pastor, and his pastorate continued until 1782. He preached on both sides of the river, in barns in the summer and in dwellings in the winter. After his dis- mnissal from Newbury he preached at Haverhill for a year or more, and from. this time until 1791 no stated supply was had. Rev. Eden Burroughs, D. D., of Hanover, Rev. Mr. Ward, of Piymouth, and Dr. Asa Burton of Thetford, Vt, assisted in organizing the church in 1790. January 25, 1792, Ethan Smith, who had been preaching in town some time, was ordained as the first pastor of this church, by a council of pastors and delegates from the churches at Hanover, Thetford, Orford, Newbury, Lyme and Vershire, which met at the house of Ezekiel Ladd. In April, Col. Charles Johnston and Dr. Martin Phelps were chosen the first deacons of the church. Rev. Ethan Smith was dismissed January 23, 1799, and the settled pastors sinc then have been Rev. John Smith, December 23, 1802, to January 4, 1807; Rev. Grant Powers, January 4, 1815, to April 28, 1829; Rev. Henry Wood, August, 1831, to 1835; Rev. Joseph Gibbs, June 16, 1835, till his death in 1837; Rev. Archibald Fleming, June 27, 1838, to September 23, 1841; Rev. Samuel Delano, February 16, 1842, to January 14, 1847; Rev. E. H. Greeley, November, 1849, to January 6, 1858; Rev. John D. Emerson, October 1, 1858, to November 17, 1867; Rev. E. H. Greeley, from 1868 for. over five years, and J. Q. Bittinger to the present time. The first church build- ang, erected about the beginning of the century, did service until the society TOWN OF HAVERHILL. i 383 purchased the brick structure erected by the Methodists, in 1830-31. It wilk seat 450 persons and is valued at about $7,000.00. The society now has. 160 members and maintains a flourishing Sabbath-school. The Methodist Episcopal church of Haverhill Corner.—At just what time that type of Christianity represented by Methodism made its way into Haver- hill Corner and crystalized with a church organization, we have not been able -to determine with certainty and exactness, It appears quite evident, how- ever, that Methodism was greatly strengthened,: if at that time it was not really planted, by the labors of Rev. Mr. Bliss, about the year 1822. Among the early members prominent in the church were ex-Governor John Page, George Woodward, then a lawyer in the place, Jonathan St. Clair, Samuel Smith, William Ladd, Abba Swift and Charles B. M. Woodward. About the year 1828 the Methodist people built the brick church now occupied by the Congregationalists. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Moffitt, who made a strong plea for subscriptions to liquidate the debt then resting on the church. The present house of worship was built in 1836, and was dedicated in the latter part of January of the following year. It is con- structed of wood and cost, aside from the land upon which it was placed, the gift of Governor Page, about $1,600.00. Since then it has undergone various changes and repairs, and now has a seating capacity of 275, and is. valued at $2,000.00. Among the first preachers who labored on this charge were Rev. J. Ireson, Rev. Mr. Baker, Rev. Bryant Morse, Rev. Charles Lamb, and Rev. Reuben Dearborn. Rev. Silas Quimby was sent to this place the spring after the new church was dedicated. The present pastor is Rev. ’ J. H. Trow, The society now has fifty-four members in regular standing, and a flourishing Sabbath-school with roo scholars. The Methodist Episcopal church of East Haverhill was organized by Henry Noyes, Moses Mead, Caleb Morse and Roswell Elliot in 1833, Rev. Silas Quimby being the first pastor. A church building was erected the fol- lowing year. It will seat 160 persons, and is valued, including parsonage, etc., at $2,800.00. The society now has ninety full members and sixteen proba- tioners, with Rev. William Layne, pastor. The Sabbath-school has 160 scholars, with an average attendance of tro. = St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal church of Woodsville was organized by the Rt. Rey, Bishop Niles, of the Diocese of New Hampshire, in 1876, the first rector being Rev. W. B. T. Smith. Services were held for a long time in the school hall; but in July, 1879, asubscription paper was started to raise funds for a church building, with the following result :— C. B. Smith, building lot....$700.00] George P.......- 0+ + eer eees $25.00 Samuel B. Page and another. 200.00) A Friend........++--+-++++: 25.00: A. S. Farwell. ..........--5 100.00| Daniel Emory......-..--+++ 5.90 G. A. and E. Davison......- 100.00] A. G. Olmey...- .--- see vere 15.00: C. R. Gibson......-...24-- 50,.00/H E, Ranno......-+-++eee 10.00 EB. Mant... eceaea ees * 65.00| Albert Hood......-..++-+++ 3.00 H. G. Bun.....-.+---- ... 25.00] Manus H. Perkins.......-.--- 15,00 384 ; TOWN OF HEBRON. William A. Pringle.......... $10.00] Edward Davison..... ...... $15 00 -G. E. Cummings........ 10.00] Horace C. Carbee......... 15.00 BA: Piss asec denaee anes 50.00|George H. Tabor........... 10,00 ‘Col. G C. Dyer.........-- .. 25.00|M. V. B. Perkins............ 20.00, W..H. Dodgesicccces vs aee ss ro.00] A. Friendin nose cue se aies ee 100.00 B. Mz Alake : see incergsasess 10.00|Frank E. Dodge ... ...... 5.00 Friendsx22.+9e oa7 dom e206 32.00|Charles N. Davison......... 5.00 Penjamin Dow..... vas + @ 250018. S\ Catbeé. os sinivacea yan 10.00 A Friends a: o42s0cd +s pes es 25.00| William Cummings.......... 25.00 Hi Ay Colty-cas vsen onde ees 109,00 A Friend sescceneweov esecss 25.00 Li Es Collins je. cs:ycseeess 15.00 WOtallasiiths sate eae ite gece stdac Gal Gasman Poeun are aus ae eats $1,876.00 The building, as completed in 1881, is a handsome wood structure capable -of seating 225 persons. ‘The property is now valued, including parsonage, -grounds, furniture, etc., at $7,000.00. The society now has thirty-five com- municants, with Rev. H. A. Remick, rector. Its Sabbath-school has fifty. ‘three scholars and five teachers. The Methodist Episcopal church of Woodsville was organized by Revs. G.W. Norris and A. Twitchell, with seven members, May 31, 1885, Mr. Twitchell “being appointed pastor. The society has in process of erection a church building capable of accommodating 300 persons, and which is expected to -cost $2,500.00. Though the society has only eight full members, it has a ‘Sabbath-school with eighty-seven scholars. The First Methodist church, \ocated at North Haverhill, was organized at -an early date. Its first church building, erected in :840, was destroyed by fire in 1865. The present building was erected during the following year. It i8 a neat wooden structure capable of seating 350 persons, and valued, includ- ing grounds and other property, at $5,200.00. The society now has fifty-five members, with Rev. Joseph H. Brown, pastor. Its Sabbath-school has 125 scholars. EBRON lies in the southeastern part of the county, in lat. 43° 42’ and long, 72° 49, bounded north by Groton and Plymouth, east by Ply- mouth, south by Alexandria, Bristol and Bridgewater, and west by _Alexandria and Groton. It is a small township, containing only 13,305 acres, and was set off from Groton and Plymouth and incorporated as a separate township June 15, 1792. By an act approved June 26, 1845, a tract known as the Gore, and some other lots, were severed from Hebron and re-annexed to Groton. The following are the petitions from the residents of both Gro- ton and Plymouth, setting forth their reasons for desiring a new township, and which we print for this reason, and for the reason that the petitioner's names are all given, probably including nearly: all, if not all, the residents of ‘the territory at that time :— ww = WSs SR TOWN OF HEBRON. 3 8 5 “lis Excellency the President, the Hon. Senate & House of Representatives for the State of New Hampshire in Gen’l Court convened. “The petition of us the Subscribers humbly sheweth, that the Southeast- erly part of the Town of Cockermouth (by its natural formation is so situated that a connection with the Southwesterly part of ‘Plymouth (in all matters) would render it exceedingly advantageous to us inhabitants of said Cocker- mouth.—Wherefore we pray that a certain part of said Cockermouth (begin- ning at the Southwesterly corner of the lot Number sixteen in the first range & first division in said Cockermouth thence running North thirty degrees East to Rumney line which makes about a mile in width) may be set off from said Cockermouth, annexed to and incorporated with that part of said Ply- mouth now petitioned for as a New Township— ar “And your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray “Cockermouth Dec th 1791— John Haselton Samuel Haselton Wm Cummings Timothy Farley Nath’ll Ball Sam’l Phelps Jaazariah Crosby Abraham Parker Ebenezer Wise “His Excellency the President, the Hon’ble Senate & House of Representa- tives for the State of New Hampshire in Gen’! Court convened “The petition of us the subscribers humbly sheweth, that by a late estab- lishment-of the boundaries of the Town of Plymouth (of which we are Inhab- itants) our connection with said Town of Plymouth is rendered exceeding difficult, as the road at present is new and in a great measure unoccupied, and the length of way from the principal part of us nearly six miles to the now Centre of said Plymouth. And further that the greater part of us have been at a great expense in settling a Gospel Minister & supporting the Gospel among ourselves without any assistance of the Town of Plymouth aforesaid, & having previously obtained the approbation of the inhabitants of said Ply- mouth by a unanimous vote herewith inclosed and preferred to your Honors signifying that our desires may be fully gratified “Wherefore we pray, that such a part of said Plymouth as is expressed by metes and bounds in said vote herewith preferred by the bearer William Cum- mings 1-ay be set off & incorporated into a Township and that we the Inhab- itants of the same may be invested with Town privileges in such way as your Honours in wisdom may Judge fit and we your Honours petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray— “Plymouth Dec. 7th 1791 William Cummings Evan Bartlett Jerahmeel Bowers Jonathan Morss David Cheney Josiah Hobart Jonathan Bartlett Eben’r Kendall Ebenezer Kendall Uniah Pike Simon Lovejoy Jun’r John W. Kendall Jacob Kendall James Colburn Samuel HasaJton Benja Haselton “Feb. 2d 1792 Serv’d the select men -of Plymouth with a true Copy “per Wm Cumings “Feb, 18th 1792 the Petitioners comply’d with ye within order of Court by serving us with an attested Copy ; Selectmen of sd Cockermouth for 1791 “Edm Shattuck Sam Goodhue Jr Wm Cumings sd Cockermouth Selectmen for for 1792 “March 1792.” 25* 386 TOWN OF HEBRON. The surface of the little town is very rough and broken in most parts, and diversified by lake, mountain, valley and river, its wealth of beautiful scenery being surpassed by few tracts of its size, The principal elevations are Crosby mountain, in the northern part, and Bear hills, in the southern part, be- tween which lies the deep, picturesque valley of Cockermouth river. The eastern part of the town lies principally in the basin of New Found lake. This. lake lies about half in the town and covers nearly one fifth of the land. An- other small body of water, Spectacle pond, lies on the western border of the township. Cockermouth river flows an easterly course through the center of the town, emptying into New Found lake. From the north it receives Haz-. elton brook, quite an important stream. From the south it receives another small stream, while Bog brook, flowing southerly from Crosby mountain, empties into the head of New Found lake. The township is thus well watered,. and several mill privileges are afforded. The soil is in most parts natur- ally hard and rocky, though with proper cultivation good crops are produced, while grazing landis abundant. The timber is mostly of the hard-wood varie- ties, with many fine sugar groves. In i880 Hebron had a population of 329 souls. In 1885 the town had four school districts and five common schools. Its five school-houses were valued, including furniture, etc., at $520.00. There were fifty-three children attending school, six of whom were pursuing the higher grades, taught dur- ing the year by five female teachers, at an average monthly salary of $20.20. The entire amount raised for school purposes during the year was $417.68, while the expenditures were $297.60, with E. K. Follansbee, superintendent. HEBRON, a post village located west of the center of the town, has one church (Union), one store, two blacksmith shops and about twenty dwell- ings. East HEBRON (p. 0.) is at the head of New Found lake, where is located Lake Side Cottage, a popular resort for summer boarders. The first settler in what is now Hebron was James Gould, who came on with his wife, from Hollis, in 1771. His log cabin stood just north of the site now occupied by Enoch F. Pierce’s house, at Hebron village. The first land cleared was a small patch on the flat just back of the house, between it and Jewel bridge. The first crop raised thereon was a crop of turnips. The first six months of their residence here Mrs. Gould saw no woman’s face, or until she was paid a visit by one of her “near” neighbors, a Mrs. Snow, of Plymouth. This lady came through the forest to call on the new comer, a distance of six miles, on snow-shoes. Mrs. Gould had also another neighbour, a Mrs. Rice, of Dorchester. This lady would occasionly make her an after- noon visit, returning home alone after sunset, a walk of seven miles. In due course of time a new settler came into the wilderness, an infant son of Mrs. Gould, the first child born within the present limits of the township. There was then no physician in the vicinity, so Mrs. Samuel Emerson was sent for, who made her way from Plymouth on snow-shoes, to welcome the little stran- TOWN OF HEBRON. “387 ger. His cradle was made from a hollow ash log, and was five feet ten inches long and two feet wide. Mr. Gould was soon after joined in the settlement by Jonas Hobart, Dea, Samuel Hazelton, Jacob Lovejoy, Thomas Nevins, Uria D. Pike and others, among whom was William Cummings, Ebenezer Wise, Simeon Lovejoy, John Bartlett, Evan Bartlett, Josiah Bowers, Samuel Phelps, Jacob Perkins Josiah Hobart, Ebenezer Kendall, J. W. Kendall, Ebenezer Kendall, Jr. Asahel Fowler, Lieut. William Crawford, Dr. Abijah Wright, Jonathan Morse, Reuben Hobart, Ezra Murch, Timothy Farley, James Colburn, Ben- jamin Hazelton, Jacob Lovejoy, Lieut. Daniel Pike, James Moses, John Hazel- ton, Capt. Jaazaniah Crosby, David Cheeney, Nathaniel Ball, Abel Colburn, Stephen Ordway, Ephraim Goodhue and Louis Nevins. At the time the first census was taken, in 1800, the town had a population of 281 souls, and ten years later this number had increased to 563. The first town meeting was held at the house of Jonathan Bartlett, June 15, 1792, when the following officers were chosen: Ebenezer Kendall, moderator; William Cummings, clerk; Ebenezer Kendall, and Dea. Samuel Hazelton, selectmen; Evan Bartlett, constable ; Reuben Hobart, treasurer ; Jaazaniah Crosby and Simeon Lovejoy, tythingmen ; and J. W. Kendall, Daniel Pike and Jonathan Morse, surveyors of highways. The first representative to the General Court was William Powers. Upon being asked his name there he replied: ‘‘ Powers, Powers from above.” He ever after retained this title. Upon his return home he was given, by one of his neighbours, the following edifiying compli- ment: ‘ Half of the General Court,” said the misanthrope, “are rogues, the other half fools; the people of the town were fools for sending you there, and you were a fool for going.” Governor Wentworth and his council once passed through the town, remaining over night at the residence of Captain Pike. Tradition asserts that they passed a law relative to borrowed articles, as follows: ‘*When the ower of a loaned article wishes it returned, he must go after if.” Some cynical ones claim that this law has been carried out to ‘the letter ever since. It was said by the early settlers that the pine trees stood so closely together upon what is now the Common that the sun could not shine through upon the ground, and at certain times people hardly dared to cross it for fear of bears and wolves, so plentiful were they in the neighborhood. Provisions at times were extremely scarce. One fortunate settler brought with him about three quarters of a barrel of pork,which was eagerly sought by his new neigh- bors as a great dainty. A settler on one occasion wishing for some potatoes to plant, started for Plymouth in the morning, worked for a half bushel of the coveted article, returned to his home and planted them. On the following morning he was obliged to dig up a portion of them for his breakfast—all the food he had. In subsequent and. more prosperous yeats he used to facetiously remark, when relating the incident, that “the potatoes were large and of good quality —for the time they had been planted.” The crank for the first saw- 388 : TOWN OF HEBRON. mill, weighing 140 pounds, was brought by a man on horse-back, from Hollis, The first physician was Dr. Abijah Wright, who located upon the place where E. W. George now resides. The first minister was Rev. Samuel Perley; in- stalled in June, 1779. James George built a saw and grist-mill on Bog brook at an early date, where he did business about twenty-five years, when he was succeeded by Joseph Whipple, who in turn operated it many years, James George was born in Goffstown, in 1773, came to Hebron about 1810, and located on the place where his grandson, Edmund W., now lives. He reared seven sons and four daughters. One of these, Samuel, born in 1803, was reared on a farm, married Ruth, daughter of Daniel and Hannah (Hazel- ton) Walker, in 1822, and had born to him two sons, Edmond W. and Ed- win W., twins, born April 13, 1834. The former married Rachel P. Clement, in 1860, and has two sons, Lewis C., of Haverhill, N. H., and Charles’E., who married Sadie L., daughter of Willard W. and Susan (Duston) Wise, January 1, 1885, and works on the farm with his father. Mr. George is an extensive fruit grower, and resides on the homestead. Edwin married M. Ellen, daughter of ‘William and Abigail (French) McDermid, in 1882, is a farmer, and resides on road 3. ‘ Daniel Hardy, a native of Lebanon, came to Hebron and located on the place where D. P. Hardy now lives, in 1822. He had born to him six sons and four daughters. His son Ichabod, born in 1808, married Emeline M. Webster, in 1836. His children were as follows: David P., born in 1838; Lucy E. (Mrs. George J. Cummings); Ellen S. and Emily, who were twins, Ellen S. married Rev. Henry Lampry, of Acworth, and Emily died in 1844. David P. married Sarah, daughter of David P. arid Sally (Powers) Fox, in 1859, and has had born to him one son and five daughters, viz.: Nettie A., a teacher at Munson, Mass.; Edward D., who lives athome; Ellen E., astu- dent at Munson; Mary Addie, Lucy May and Lizzie W., twins. Mr. Hardy is a prosperous farmer, and resides on the homestead, on road 11. James J. Crosby, son of Samuel and Elizabeth Crosby, was born in 1823, married Emeline E., daughter of Asahel and Lois (Hardy) Buel, in 1848, and has one son and two daughters, namely, Lois, Abial F., a farmer, and Minnie E., all living at home. Mr. Crosby’s mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Evan Bartlett, who was the son of one of the first settlers. Mr. Crosby is a land surveyor, has held the office of justice of the peace twenty-four years, and owns a farm of 150 acres iin the village, this being the place where he was born. Cyrus Mcore, son of Nathan and Sally (Crosby) Moore, was born at Can- terbury, N. H., March 22, 1823, came to Hebron in 1828, and lived with William Crosby, where he remained until twenty-one years of age. He learned the shoemaker’s trade, married Alzina, daughter of Ezekiel and Jane (Bart- let) Colburn, in 1851, and lived on a farm in Groton until 1869. He then returned to Hebron and bought the Governor Berry place, in the village. He has “ad born to him two sons, Albert E., in 1862, and Willie E., born in 1867, died in 1870. The former is town clerk, and resides at home. TOWN OF HEBRON, 389 John Sanborn came to Hebron, in 1832, located on the place where his son, Hon. J. W. Sanborn, now lives, and reared five sons and four daughters. John W., son of John, was born in 1845, learned the blacksmith trade, and married ‘Delia J. Rolins, of Hebron, in 1870. He has one son and two daughters, Ada Grace, Norman W. and Katie. Mr. Sanborn was elected town representative for 1885—86, and resides on road 7 corner 10. William C. Ross, son of Elam, was born in Groton, in 1834, came with his father to this town, in 1836, and manied Mary A., daughter of Arthur and Mary Ann (Moyes) Nutting, in 1860. Mr. Ross is a farmer, and resides on the west side of the laké, on road 17. ; Moses E. Follansbee,json of John, was born in Ware, N. H., ia 1819, was reared on a farm, worled on a railroad several years, and married Jane, daughter of Edward and Phebe (Burnham) J.uflin, in 1842. He lived in Ware twelve years, came to Hebron in 1854 and located on the place where A. H. Worthley now lives, where he remained ten years. He resided in Salem five years, in Lawrence some time, and returned to Hebron in 1876. He has two sons, George E., born in 1843, and Eddie B.; born in 1861 and died in 1864. Edmund Barnard, son of Reuben and Huldah (Eaton) Barnard, was born in Ware, N. H., in 1813, married Sarah, daughter of Edward and Phebe (Burnham) Luflin, in 1842, and has an adopted daughter, Lucy M. He lived at Dunbarton sixteen years, came to Hebron in 1858, and located on the Reuben Kidder farm of 200 acres. He sold out and bought a farm of 175 acres, and is proprietor of Lake Side Cottage, for summer boarding, on road 13. Lowell R. Robie, son: of Lowell and Margaret (Kenmiston) Robie, was born in 1825, came to Hebron in 1755 and married Nancy S. Flanders. His children were as follows: Fidelia J., Margaret A., now deceased, Lurette K., Oscar S., Sadie E. and George D. Fidelia married John W. Sanborn. Mr. Robie resides in the village. Moses Worthley was born in Vermont in 1807, and when twenty-one years of age began a sea-faring life. He was a sailor many years, in the whaling and merchant service. He married Cynthia Marshall, and has had bora to him two sons and one daughter, namely, Alonzo H., born in 1839, Hiram M., born in 1848, and Mary Ella, who married James Gill Patrick, of Bristol. Hiram M. married Sarah G., daughter of Gillman Leavitt, and has one daughter, Lena Blanche,’ born July 4, 1879. Hiram M. resides on the farm with his father, Moses, who came to this town in 1858. Alonzo H., son of Moses, was at one time engaged in the shoemaking and machinist business. He served in the late war, inlisting in Co. C, r2zth N. H. Vols., August 22, 1862, was shot through the thigh at Chancellorsville, and was at the battles of Fredericksburg, Cold Harbor, Drury’s Bluff and others. He married Ruth, daughter of D. B. Perkins, in 1865, and has one son, Alonzo H., born in 1867. Mr. Worthley owns a farm of 225 acres, on road 16. 390 TOWN OF HEBRON. Samuel McClure moved to Groton, from Deerfield Mass., about 1785, and reared two sons and two daughters, viz.: Robert, who died in Plymouth, David born, in 1802, Annie (Mrs. Jewell), and Fannie, who died in Wis- consin. David served as town representative in 1844-45 and in 1850-51, and married Emeline, daughter of Jonathan and Susan (Hagar) Kidder. George W., son of David, was born in 1832, came to Hebron, withhis father in 1837, and married Mary Ann, daughter of Uriah and Mary (Dickey) Merrill, in 1854. He has one son and one daughter. The daughter, Emma, married George S. Smith, and has one son, Roy M. Mr. McClure is postmaster, owns the Daniel Pike homestead, and was a member of the legislature in 1876-77. Almon M. Favor, son of William and Betsey (Worthley) Favor, was born in Ware, N. H., in 1832, and married Mary, daughter of Taylor and Irene (Smith) Bedee, in 1860, and has had born to him three sons and two daugh- ters, as follows: John A., born in 1862, Oreste G., born in 1864, Anson L., born in 1874, Lucy M., and Sylvia A. Mr. Favor came to Hebron in 1868, owns and occupies the Taylor Bedee farm, on road 15. His wife died June 12, 1883. George W. Lufkin, son of Edward, was born in 1835, married twice, first, Elmira Lowd, 1854, who died in 1864, and second, Louisa, daughter of J. B. Dow, of Goffstown, in 1866. Mr. Lufkin owns and occupies the O. F. Swan farm, on road 17. Jeremiah Marston, moved to Bridgewater at an early day, located in the eastern part of the town, and reared two sons and one daughter. His son Benjamin S. married Laura A., daughter of John and Mary (Melvin) Board- man. Charles H., son of Benjamin S., was born in 1848, and has been twice married. By his second marriage he has had born to him one son and one daughter, Frank F. and Cora G. Mr. Marston is first selectman, and owns a farm of eighty acres, on road 17. James Jewell moved to Groton in 1829. He married Sally Hobart in 1802, and died at Hebron in 1866, aged eighty-five years. His wife died in 1863, aged seventy-eight years. His children were as follows: James M., of Hollis ; Sally (Mrs. Gillman Wheeler), who died in 1877; William A., born in 1808, now of Groton; Andrew B., born in 1811, died in 1850; John E., born in 1815, now of Hebron; David, born in 18t7, died in 1854; Noah L., born in 1819, now of Groton; Mark, born December 29, 1821; Dustin B., born in 1825, now of Natic, Mass., and Benjamin G., born in 1826, lives in Groton.” Mark married twice, first, Mary A., daughterof Nathaniel and Mary (Gale) Woodbury, March 2, 1845, and who died September 6, 1848. His second wife was Johanna B., daughter of Elijah and Johanna (Bartlett) Noyes, April 30, 1850, and has had born to him one son and two daughters, namely Mary A., who lives at home, Celia A., a teacher, who also lives at home, and Edward M., born in 1871. Mr. Jewell owns and occupies the Elijah Noyes place, located half a mile north of the village. TOWN OF HOLDERNESS. 391 Edward A. Pike, son of Senator Austin F. and Caroline (White) Pike, was born in Franklin, in 1853, married Ida T., daughter of Jeremiah and Ellen Smith, of Franconia, in 1879. He is a prosperous farmer, and occu- pies the Hazelton homestead. located one mile northeast of the villlage, on toad 9. Carlos C. Wade, son of John and Hannah (Pingry) Wade, was born at Norwich, Vt., in 1824,‘and removed with his parents to Waterbury, Vt., where he lived on a farm. He worked in Manchester several years, bought a farm in Stowe, Vt., where he resided twelve years, and in 1870 bought the Edward Barnard farm in this town, located on road 6, on Barnard hill. The Union church, at Hebron village, was raised in 1800, though it was not completed under three years from that date. The master workman, Benjamin Woodman, was extended a vote of thanks, and presented with a bottle of brandy at the expense of the town “for his generous and manly behavior while a resident of the town.” The building was re-modeled in 1847, “and will now accomodate about 250 persons and is valued, including grounds, at $2,000.00. Rev. J. B. Cook is the present pastor. 45, and long. 71° 35’, bounded noth by Campton, south by the county line, southwest by Ashland, and west by Plymouth. The original charter of the town, under the name of Holderness, was granted to John Shepard and others, November ro, 1751, but was forfeited by them through not complying with its conditions. The land remained ungranted'then until ‘October 24, 1761, when a charter was issued to Major John Wentworth and others, some of whom were grantees under the first charter, and six of whom bore the name of Shepard, and seven the name of Cox. In this grant the town was named New Holderness, in honor of Robert, Earl of Holderness, and retained the name until June 12, 1816, when the word New was elided by vote of the town. Originally the township formed a part of Strafford county, and contained an area of 24,921 acres; but by an act passed Sep- tember 14, 1782, it was annexed to Grafton county, and by an act approved July 1, 1868, the southwestern part of the town was set off and aneonporaicd into a separate township, by the name of Ashland. Few townships in this vicinity has Dame Nature so kindly favored in the matter of physical beauty, as she has Holderness. Its surface is charmingly diversified by mountain peak, hill and valley, lake, pond and verdant meadow. It has within its limits a large portion of Asquam lake, or Squam lake, as it is incorrectly called. This sheet is about six miles long, and three miles across at its broadest part. Just to the west of it 1s Little Asqam lake, about two miles long, and a half mile wide, while to the south is White Oak pond, a smaller body of water These placid and lovely meres, the first dotted over H OLDERNESS lies in the southeastern part of the county, in lat. 43° 392 TOWN OF HOLDERNESS. with a number of islands, appear like mirrors set in a frame-work of rugged ann verdant mountains. Asquam lake has its outlet through Little Asquam lake and ‘Asquam river, into the Pemigewasset river. The most notable: feature in the landscape is Prospect mountain, in the northern part of the town. Just east of this rises the long, narrow, separated ridge known as Asquam hills. Between these elevations lies the valley of Owl brook, which stream flows south, through Ashland, into Asquam river. On the west the town is bordered by the Pemigewasset, towards which, from the base of Pros- pect mountain, the slope of the country is gradual, and but little broken, Thousands of tourists visit the town each season, and more money is brought into the township by them than is realized from the farms, though there are many fine specimens of the latter. Indeed, this could not be otherwise, where’ then grand ‘out ensemble is a scene of hill and vale, and rippling waters, that delights the eye at every turn, it could not fail to draw to its inspection the admirers of Nature’s handiwork in. its most beautiful and attractive form. In 1880 Holderness had a population of 703 souls. In 1885 the town had ten school districts, and ten common schools. Its ten school-houses were valued, including furniture, etc., at $5,050.00. There were 134 children at- tending school, four of whom were pursuing the higher grades, taught dur- ing the year by twelve female teachers, at an average monthly salary of $18.50. ‘The entire amount raised for school purposes during the year was $873.14, while the expenditures were $736.25, with F. L. Wallace, superintendent. HOLDERNESS (p. 0.) is a hamlet located on the narrow neck of land between Squam and Little Squam lakes. The Holderness School for Boys is a popular boarding school, located in the extreme western part of the town, near the Plymouth line. It was estab- lished in 1877, and incorporated by an act of the legislature in 1878. The building in which the school was organized, once the well-known homestead of Chief Justice Samuel Livermore, was burned in the spring of 1882. This was replaced during the following summer, by two substantial buildings having much superior accommodations, and carefully planned to promote the health and comfort of the pupils. The main building is of brick, with slate and metal roofs, built with hollow walls, and the greater part of the floors and other inside finishing of hard woods. This building has accommodations for seventy pupils, the rector and his family, the masters, and all other persons composing the school household. The school-house, in which study and reci- tations are conducted, is a one-story framed building, with ceilings fourteen and sixteen feet high, well lighted, and fitted with thoroughly efficient appli- ances for ventilation, All these buildings are heated throughout with direct draught wood furnaces, and lighted with gas. Water is brought in wooden pipes from a mountain spring. Bath-rooms are provided, with hot and cold water. Especial care has been taken to secure proper ventilation of the dor- mitories, and safety in the matter of drainage. The instructors are Rev. Frederick M. Gray, A. M., rector; and Joseph A. DeBoer, A. B., Edward S. TOWN OF HOLDERNESS. 393: Drown, A. B., James C. Flanders, A. B., and Herman L. Luther, A. M., masters. Smetlie & Mc Keen's saw-mill, in the southwestern part of the town, was built by him in 1884. It is operated by steam-power. Enoch Cozin's saw and shingle-mill, on road 24, was built by him in 1856. It is operated by water-power and is supplied with cider-making and thresh- ing machinery. W. H. Berry's saw-mill, in the eastern part of the town, was built by Dan Hawkins. It is operated by water-power. The first settlement in the original town was made by William Piper, in 1763, who came from Durham, or its vicinity. His settlement was made, however, in that portion of the town since set off to form the town of Ash- land. The next to follow him was Charles Cox, who located within the limits. of the present town, on road 1; upon the farm now occupied by Willis H. Calley. Emigration was slow, however, for between that time and 1774,. only seven other settlements were made, viz.: By John Shepard, Bryant Sweeney, Samuel Eaton, Joseph Sinclair, Andrew Smith, John Herron and Samuel Livermore. Ameng those who came soon after 1774 may be mentioned John Porter, who became the first settled lawyer of Plymouth, Joseph Shep- ard, Jacob Shepard, Jacob Ellison, John Cox and Isaac Stanton. In 1775 the town had a population of 172 souls, and in 1786 the population had in- creased to 267 souls. The first child born in the town was Nathaniel Piper, upon what is now known as the Drake place, on road 19. The second birth was that of Caleb: Smythe, at the same place. The first town clerk was Samuel Shepard, who held the office forty-one years. The first lawyer was Joseph Burrows, and the first hotel was kept by Noah Cate. Robert Fowle was the first minister” settled over the Episcopal church. That the town did not escape the anxie- ties common to all the early settlements during the Revolution, is attested by the following copy of a petition sent the general court for ammunition, etc., in 1776 :— “ We the Subscribers Inhabitants of the Town of New Holderness, having gain’d Intelligence, that a considerable Part of our Army in Canada have lately been forc’d by our unnatural Enemies (the British Troops in sd Cana- da) to retreat, and relinquish their Ground ; and apprehending ourselves in the greatest Danger from the s’d Troops, and scouting Parties of Indians: that may be sent down to annoy and destroy us ; and being in no Capacity for Defence do in Behalf of the s'\d Town pray your Honours to send us by the Bearer hereof Mr Samuel Curry the necessary Powder, Musquet-Balls and Flints for thirty-three able and effective men, (belonging to the sd Town): who are ready with their Lives and Fortunes to assert and maintain the american Cause ; and we your humble Petitioners as soon as may be will pay to your Honours, or the Committee of Safety for the Time being, an Equiv- alent for the same ; and as in Duty bound will ever pray &c “ William Cox \ Select Men. * Sam’1 Sheperd “ Samuel Curry « And’w Smyth Committee.” “ Nath’ll Thompson 394 TOWN OF HOLDERNESS. John Cox and his brother James came to Holderness at an early day, and -settled upon the place where Charles F. Cox now resides, on what is known as Cox hill, on road 30. George L., one of his four children, married Paulina Moore, of Ellsworth, and located in Amherst, Me., where he lived until his death in 1862, aged, fifty five years. He had born to him five children, four -of whom are living. His son Charles F. married Ella L., daughter of James W., and Louisa Boynton, has one child, and resides on the homestead. Wilham Cox, a native of Holderness, married Fanny Batey, and settled upon tthe farm where G. F. Cummings now resideson road 29. William, Jr., one -of his nine children, married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and Agnes Fol- -som, and reared six children, four.of whom are living. His son Moses M. married Louisa Cummings, and has two children, Willie H. and Nathan B. “The latter married Fanny C., daughter of Simeon and Ann (Banks) Batchel- der and resides on the home farm with his father, on road 29. Charles Cox, with his wife and five children, came from Londonderry about the year 1770 and settled on road 17. He died in 1804, in his one hundredth -year. His son Robert was born in 1771 and married Hannah Stanton, of Preston, Conn., daughter of Isaac W. Stanton, and seven children were born to them, only two of whom are living, Capt. Russell Cox and Mrs. Louisa Cal- ‘ley, wife of N.S. Calley, both residents of this town. He died August 6, 1822, Robert Cox and Hannah Stanton were married by Rev. Robert Fowle, first pastor of this town. Mrs. Cox lived to the remarkable age of ro5 years, two months and four days. Several pairs of stocking are still in the possession of sher son which were knit by her at the age of 102 years. Charles Cox came here when quite young, from Londonderry, N. H., mar- stied Mary Elliot, and was the first settler on a farm on road 30. Thomas H., one of his eight children, married Miriam, daughter of Samuel and Abi- gail (Ward) Dearborn, of Plymouth, and reared seven children, three of whom are living. He moved to a farm on road 29, where he remained until his death, March 3, 1830. His oldest son, Daniel H., married Charlotte, daughter of David and Mary (Haines) Smith, of North Hampton, N. H., has had born to him six children, and until his death, recently, resided on ‘road 29. His youngest daughter, Laura, married Henry S. Batchelder, has three children, and resides at the home of her father. John Shepard was a captain in the British army, before the Revolutionary war, and at that time resigned his commission. He was taken prisoner by the American army, appealed to General Washington and was released. He married Susanna Smith, of Nottingham, N. H., and reared seven children. His son John, born in 1767, settled on the farm now owned by Daniel S. Hawkins, on Shepard Hill, He died in 1851. His son George W. resides in this town. Jacob Shepard, son of John, was a native of Canterbury, Mass., came to Holderness when twenty-five years of age, and married Jane Blair, of Lon-