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Their agent then inves- 207 load ae tigated the matter, and on Sep- Fo an ff 4 tember 28, 1743, addressed a Ro 268 too (424 4 letter to them in reference to the proposed ‘‘Town’ of Reading.’’ This is the first mention of a town at this place. In 1745, lots were laid out on part 6, and this action induced Lawrence to DRAFT OF FIRST PATENTS. re-convey his tracts. Town Laid Out.—During the Fall of 1748, Penn’s two sons, Thomas and Richard, caused a town to be laid out by Nicholas Scull, their surveyor general, on the land adjoining the Schuylkill, (Lawrence tract,) at the ‘‘Ford,’”’ in the road that extended from the Tulpehocken settlements to Philadel- phia. It was named Reading, after the county town in Berkshire, England. The town plan comprised 520 lots, and 204 out-lots, num- bered consecutively. The lots between the river and King (3rd) street were laid out in 1776. The double line through these lots, on the accompanying plan, indicates the canal which extended through that section of the town from 1822 to 1834. At that time there was not a town, not even a village in all the surrounding territory for many miles. The nearest town was Lebanon, 28 miles to the west, which had been laid out in 1740; and the next was Lancaster, 33 miles to the southwest, which had been laid out in 1728. Lots Sold.—Penn’s sons then appointed Conrad Weiser, Francis Parvin and William Hartley as commissioners to sell TOWN PLAN. II the lots, and on June 15, 1749, they sold a large number of them. In 1751, 1752, 1753 and 1754 patents were issued for 241 lots, and if the con- ditions of sale were complied with, there were in the town by the year 1755, at least 200 dwellings and 1000 in- habitants. County Seat.—By a petition, presented to the Assembly at Phila- delphia on February 4, 1752, in behalf of the erection of a new county (Berks), it appears that Reading then contained 130 dwelling houses, be- sides 41 stables and other out-houses ; 160 families which consisted of 378 persons. It is known that there were three churches in the town at that time, Luth- eran, Reformed and Friends, all erected in 1751. County Erected.— While the lots were be- ing sold and_ houses erected, and the town was forming, earnest and successful steps were taken to establish a county with Reading as the county seat, and an Act was passed by the Assembly at Phila- b u uw © FE 0 qi F u < zz a = F uw = « F a NON TOWN PLAN—1748. | delphia on March 11, 1752, erecting Berks county. At that I2 HISTORY OF READING. time there were six other counties in Pennsylvania, and in Berks county there were twenty townships, twelve east of the Schuylkill with Philadelphia as the county seat, and eight west with Lancaster as the county seat. The population was about 12,000 as. near as it can be estimated, which was located almost entirely south of the Blue mountains. The early settlers were Swedes, Germans, English and Welsh; the first named being situated in Amity township (south-eastern section), the second in all parts of the county excepting Robeson and Caernarvon, the third in Oley, Exeter, Maidencreek and Richmond (in the central section), and the last in Brecknock, Caernarvon, Cumru and Robeson (southern section. ) Taxables of 1759.—In 1759, there were 269 taxables in Read- ing, whose names were as follows : Benezet, Daniel Diehm, Thomas Fichthorn, Andrew Bright, Michael Dehaven, Edward Fasig, Ph. Jacob Bird, William Debler, Melchior Geissler, George Biddle, James Dorff, Samuel Gibson, Francis Bishoff, John Depoy, Widow . Garrett, Henry Bucher, Jacob Deible, George Geiger, John Bernhisel, John Dengler, John Geiger, Adam Barret. Joseph ' Dorst, Paul Gross, John Burkhardt, Jacob Dick, Nicholas Graff, William Buckman, Matthias Diel, George Gerst, Henry Boyer, Christopher Evans, Amos Gosler, Henry, Becktold, John Engel, Andrew Gotschall, Nicholas Baum, Peter Ege, Adam Haga, Wolfgang Bernhard, George Ermel, William Hause, Peter Balde, Jacob Early, John Hottenstein, William Brendlinger, Joseph Eissenbice, John Henry, John Bower, Conrad Ege, Martin Hause, Peter Brosius, Abraham ‘Eplar, Adam Henderson, David Brown Conrad Earman, William Henig, Balthaser Bridenbach, Philip Feather, Peter Heiner, Krafft Creek, Francis Fisher, Jacob Huth, Samuel Cluse, William Fox, Adam Holdzader, Peter Dalman, William Frick, William Hartman, John Daum, George Fix, Lawrence Hollig, Barbara Diehm, Jacob Fass, Adam Hugh, Owen Diehm, Adam Feagle, Matthias Hughes, John Dick, Jacob Fricker, Anthony Hiddings, William Degenhardt, Henry Fichthorn, Michael Hauck, Joseph Drury, Edward Fetter, Michael Heinlein, Matthias Diehm, Peter Fisher, Dorst Haag, Michael Heist, George: Hillegas, Michael Heyman, Moses Hahn, Henry Hitner, George Hausihl, Michael Hetler, Jacob Hart, Philip Handshoe, George Imler, Ludwig Jack, George Jacob, John Jager, Jacob Jung, Martin Jung, Isaac Jacobs, Israel Joh, George Kuhn, Adam Koch, William Kerper, Abraham Kern, Jacob Kline, Peter Kiney, Christian Kerper, Julius Kendel, Catharine Klinger, Philip Koch, Adam Klinger, Peter Koch, Johannes Kerber, Valentine Krimler, Henry Kemrer, Agath Klinder, Conrad Klinger, Alexander Keiser, Jacob Keim, Nicholas Kortz, John Krauser, Sebastian Krafft, Martin Kost, Martin Kurrer, Adam Daniel Kepner, Joachim Lincoln, Thomas Lesher, John Lapler, Lorentz Lebo, Paul Levan, Isaac TAXABLES, Leibrook, Jacob Lutz, Jacob Lehman, Christopher Loch, Peter Meyerly, David Martin, Eberhard Moyer, Jacob Morgan, Francis Meng, Melchior Morgan, Jacob Marx, William Messersmith, Val'tine Miller, Andreas Moritz, Nicholas Meyer, Matthias Miller, Frederick Maurer, Ernst Megly, Jacob ’ Meyerly, Balthaser Mergen, John Miller, William Milleisen, Christopher Marsteller, Henry Marckle Christian Neidly, Nicholas Neidly, Christopher Newhardt, Conrad Nagle, Simon Nagle, Philip Parvin, Francis Pearson, Benjamin Philipi, John Perlet, Paul Perlet, Prederick Price, Evan Read, james, Esq Rush, Michael Riehm, Edward Reitmoyer, Henry Rice, Michael Reiffle, Adam Reasor, William Reiff, Peter Rule, Henry Rhine, David Ruth, Peter Riehm, George 13 Riehm, John, Sr Reiff, Conrad Roreboust, Bernhard Rabbold, Jacob Rose, Everhardt Reitmoyer, Michael Reitner, Joseph Reese, Josiah Rapp, Peter Rush, Michael, Jr. Rieser, Jacob, Jr. Sammet, Christian Sweitzer, John Smith, Christopher Shomon, Joseph Springer, George Shrite, John Spang, Lenhart Shower, Michael Schultz, Samuel Smith, Peter Seister, Michael Snyder, Jacob Stichter, Conrad Stedman, Alexander Shapport, Nicholas Schultz, George Sowerbry, Widow Strohacker, Gottlieb Smith, Philip Shaaber, Andrew Snider, Henry Seiler, Philip Shorp, John Shop, Gabriel Shreck, David Spatz, Lawrence Spatz, Michael Sleagle, Adam Sprincker, Philip Senger, Henry Sassamanhousen, H. Seitzinger, Nicholas Salsgaber, Andreas Sump, George Smith, Abraham Suder, Barbara 14 Smith, Andrew Urledig, Valentine Wolf, Henry Weiser, Peter Wenrick, Francis . Weis, Philip Barger, Thomas Hartley, Richard Jackson, Samuel Josephson, Myer Kemrer, Matthias Koch, Michael HISTORY OF READING. Wagner, Adam Whitehead, James Wicks, Christian Weiser, Conrad Wirtenberger, George Wunder, George SINGLE MEN. Lebo, Isaac Lightfoot, Benjamin May, Thomas Nathan, Lyon Pearson, Elijah Popkin, Robert Shegtley, Michael Witman, Adam Witman, Ludwig Witman, Christopher Wickersham, Isaac Williamson, James Witman, John Zinn, Frederick Sheirer, Adam Spindler, Lorentz Sowermilk, John Starr, James Weiser, Samuel Witman, Henry Town District Fstablished.—In 1760, the town and part of the township adjoining (Alsace) were erected into a district, called the ‘‘Township and District of Reading.’’ They enclosed about ary lines were fixed by the Court in 1761. g50 acres a : a Ul THE FIRST STORE. The bound- First Store.—The first business place was the store of Conrad Weiser on Penn street above Fifth. (No. 3) in 1749, and obtained a patent in 1751. He purchased the lot Under the PUBLIC BUILDINGS. L5 conditions of sale, he doubtless erected a two-story stone build- . ing on it in 1750. He carried on business intercourse there with the Indians, and on this account the stand was given particular prominence. In 1769, Nicholas Keim became the owner. The Keims occupied it as a general hardware store for seventy years. Then the Stichters began, and they have been there since, now nearly sixty years. Public Buildings.—A court house was erected in 1762; a market house in 1766; anda county jail in 1770; and in 1773, a fire company was organized, called the ‘‘Rainbow,’’ which has maintained a successful existence until now. FEDERAL INN. Oldest Buildings.—Three old buildings, which were erected in this period of Reading, are still standing: two stories of the large hotel on northwest corner of Fifth and Washington streets, erected by Michael Bright for a tavern in 1760; two-story stone building on northwest corner of Penn square, below Fifth street, erected in 1763, by Adam Witman for a tavern, (Federal Inn) and occupied by the Farmers’ Bank since 1814; and two story stone building on northeast corner Fifth and Washington streets erected by county commissioners in 1770, and occupied as a county jail until 1848. Educational Affairs. —Three churches were established dur- ing this period, being by the Friends, Lutheran and Reformed. 16 HISTORY OF READING. The Protestant Episcopal and Roman Catholic had no churches, but held religious services in the homes of certain members. Secular education was carried on in schools which were con- nected with the churches and also in several private schools. The pupils paid their teachers several centsaday. The Friends’ school at Washington and Wood (Madison) streets was con- ducted for English education, the other schools were mostly for German education. There were no newspapers published at Reading then. The Pennsylvania Gazette and Sauer's Journal had a very limited circulation. Nationality of Inhabitants.—The first inhabitants of Reading were mostly Germans. There were some English, and men of this nationality served as county officers through the influence and direction of the Penns until the Revolution ; then men of the German nationality came to fill them and they have almost entirely continued to do so until now. This change was brought about by the determined action of the Germans in behalf of in- dependence and representative government, the English having favored the British government and discouraged the Revolution, on which account they were called ‘‘Tories.”’ . french and Indian War.—The French and Indian War affected Reading more or less from 1755 to 1762. The inhabi- tants were excited and frequently alarmed for their safety during 1755, 1756 and 1757. But the Indians in their incursions never reached Reading. They confined their stealthy attacks and barbarous cruelties to the settlements along the Blue mountains. The prominent men Re) ’ . from Reading who were (ELLE?) actively engaged in de- ee fensive operations were Conrad Weiser, Edward Biddle and George Nagel. In 1756, a company of grenadiers was stationed here for a time; also a company commanded by Conrad Weiser, consisting of 2 sergeants and 28 privates. A number of interesting letters were sent from Reading during these years, describing the dangerous situation of affairs. No person from Reading was killed. Revolution.—The first public action at Reading in behalf of the Revolution was taken with much spirit on July 2, 1774, and REVOLUTION. I7 from that time until the declaration of peace in 1783, the resi- dents displayed remarkable zeal for political independence and representative government. On the day named, a public meet- ing was held in the court house, and appropriate resolutions different conferences and earhest co-operation was manifested at commanded by Captain George aN place. Numerous other companies forwarded to the government, amounting to several hundred having been selected by the Board of War for its admirable sit- It was situated to the east of the town, along the Hill road. In very active in the service. Edward Biddle was one of the repre- Joseph Hiester and Daniel Brodhead : were colonels; and George Nagel, were adopted, expressing sympathy with Boston and urging such measures as would settle with precision the rights and all times for carrying on the war successfully. Nagel’s Company at Cambridge.—In April, 1775, the people Nagel, several months -afterward, marched to Cambridge and partic- were raised in response to repeated calls for troops. Alto- gether over 7800 men were furnished by Berks county who thousand dollars. Store-house for Supplies.—Reading was a prominent inland uation; and prisoners of war were sent here in large numbers. The locality where they were quartered was called ‘‘Hessian 1777, when the British entered Philadelphia, many residents of that city fled to Reading for safety. sentatives from Pennsylvania in the First Continental Congress ; Bodo Otto and Jonathan Potts were prominent surgeons; Mark John Spohn, Peter Decker, Henry Christ, John Diehl, John Rightmyer and Peter Scull were cap- liberties of America. Delegates were appointed to attend the of the town raised two companies of infantry, and one of them, ipated in the campaign at that were in actual service, And great quantities of supplies were place for storing supplies of all kinds during the whole period, Camp,’’ after the Hessians taken at Trenton in December, 1776. Prominent Men.—Reading furnished many men who became Bird, Henry Haller, Nicholas Lotz, 18 HISTORY OF READING. tains. Edward Scull was secretary of the Board ot War; James Read was an Execu- tive Councillor, and Regis- Bee tae ter of the Court of Admiral- ty; and Edward Burd was Prothonotary of the Supreme Court. BOROUGH 1783-1847. Borough Erected.—The town of Reading was incorporated into a borough on September 12, 1783. It contained over 400 taxables, and about 2100 inhabitants; and it was generally recognized then as the largest and most progressive inland town in the United States. The principal officers were a chief bur- gess and associate, four assistant burgesses, high constable, treasurer, clerk, two supervisors and two assessors. Surrounding Towns.—The county of Berks contained about 25,000 population, and the surrounding towns in the county were Womelsdorf, 14 miles west; Hamburg, 18 miles north; Kutztown, 16 miles northeast; Birdsboro, 9 miles southeast; and Morgantown, 15 miles south. Nine-tenths of the inhabi- tants were German. A newspaper printed in the German lan- guage was established in 1789, and a post office in 1793. A daily mail by stage was started in 1793, and continued until 1838, when the railroad was introduced, and increased facilities for transportation were afforded. Stage Coach.—The stage coach was introduced at Reading in 1789, and ran from Reading to Philadelphia. Afterward, lines were extended in different directions, and they were. carried on until the railroads were constructed. The business was very brisk from 1826 to 1838. Bridges.—A ferry was carried on at the ‘‘Ford’’ from 1783 to 1815, when a covered wooden bridge was constructed by the county commissioners. Another covered wooden bridge was constructed by the officers named at Levan’s Ferry at the foot of Bingaman street in 1831. The first bridge across the river near Reading was on the road to Sunbury through Bern township, erected in 1810. Public Buildings. —The court house continued in Penn square until 1840; and the prison at Fifth and Washington until INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 19 1848. The ‘‘State House’’ for the county officers was erected on the northeast corner Fifth street and Penn square in 1791 and was used for this public purpose until 1840. A second market house was erected in West Penn square in 1799. Both market houses were rebuilt in 1846. They had 70 stalls and 116 stands. Turnpikes.—While the subject of bridges was discussed by the people, another received their attention. It was that of turnpikes. These were extended over prominent highways, one to the north in 1805 called the ‘‘Centre,’’ the second to the south-east in 1810 called the ‘‘Perkiomen,’’ and the third to the west in 1817, called the ‘‘Berks and Dauphin.’’ Cana/ls.—Two canals, leading from Reading, were constructed, the Schuylkill, extending along the river north to Pottsville and southeast to Philadelphia, in 1822, and the ‘‘Union,’’ extend- ing west to Lebanon and Middletown, in 1828. Large quanti- ties of goods, especially coal and lumber, were shipped over these canals. The enterprise was successful through this period, and contributed much towards the development of the borough. Ratlroad.—The Philadelphia and Reading railroad was pro- jected along the Schuylkill through Reading from Philadelphia to Pottsville in 1833. It was completed to Reading in 1838, and to Pottsville in 1842, and then became an additional factor with the turnpikes and canals for great local progress. Banks.—A ‘‘Branch’’ of the Bank of Pennsylvania was established at Reading in 1808, fin the building occupied by the Union Bank,) and carried on successfully until its suspen- sion in 1857. The Farmers’ Bank was organized in 1814, and it has been maintained successfully ever since, now over 80 years and in the same building. The Eckerts have been prom- inently identified with it since 1838. A third bank was organ- ized in 1836, but it continued only eight years. It was called the ‘‘Berks County Bank.”’ Panic of 1837.—A money panic arose in the borough in 1837, owing to a suspension of prominent banks in the large cities, but the local business men published a notice in which they expressed entire confidence in the Reading banks anda willingness to accept their notes in payment of debts and mer- chandise. But the scarcity of money compelled certain mer- chants to resort to an expedient for a circulating medium by issuing notes for small sums which were called by the people 20 HISTORY OF READING. ‘‘Shinplasters,’’ ‘‘Rag Barons’ and ‘‘Hickory Leaves.’’ And the Borough Council, to relieve the community in this behalf, issued loan certificates in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents, and 1, 2 and 3 dollars, redeemable August 1, 1838. The whole issue amounted to $25,000. They were loaned to business men on approved security and subsequently redeemed. lndustrial Affairs.—During this period, industrial affairs be- came the prominent feature of Reading. The small shops were developed into large factories and mills, and the capital invested in such establishments increased from several hundred dollars to many thousands. The energy of certain influential men was directed chiefly towards the manufacture of iron, and this stim- ulated various other enterprises, particularly in the line of building operations. The discovery of coal and the application of steam to motive power for operating machinery were the direct causes of this marked improvement, and the canal and railroad were natural results from their introduction and increas- ing use. The large increase in population must be attributed to them, the growth from 1830 to 1840 having been over 43 per cent. and from 1840 to 1850 over 87 per cent. The country districts of Berks county increased only 21 per cent. during the former decade, and only rg per cent. during the latter. Water Company.—In 1821, a water company was organized to supply the people of the borough with water. A reservoir was constructed at the head of Penn street, and the water from ‘‘Hampden Spring’’ was conveyed into it by means of wooden pipes, and thence distributed through the place. In 1833, the investment was estimated at $25,000, and 250 families were sup- plied. The spring had a daily flow of 100,000 gallons, and the reservoir had a capacity of 1000 hogsheads. Pumps continued to be used in all parts of the borough. Lighting.—The light was obtained from tallow candles, also from oil and camphene used in lamps. The streets were not lighted. Public buildings were seldom occupied in the night for meetings or entertainments ; and there were no halls. Fire Companies.—Three fire companies were organized in addition to the Rainbow: Junior in 1813; Reading in 1819; ° and Neversink in 1829. Newspapers.—A number of newspapers were started in this period. The first was in 1789. In 1796, there were three others, NEWSPAPERS. 21 the Reading Herald, (English); the Reading Adler, (German) published until now ; andthe Weekly Advertiser, (English) pub- lished until 1816, when the Berks and Schuylkill Journal, (English) took its place, which is still issued. The Reading Courter, (German) was issued from 1816 to 1826; the Chront- cle of the Times, (English) from 1826 to 1835; Berks County Press, (English) from 1835 to 1865; Liberal Observer, (Ger- man) from 1839 to 1864; Reading Gazelle and Democrat, (English) from 1840 to 1878, when the Reading Weekly Eagle was substituted in its place, and this has been published until now ; O/d Berks, (German) from 1840 to 1848, when it was transferred to Pottsville and the name changed to Pottsville Adler. Several others were started but they hada short exis- tence. The spirit for writing and publishing during this period was very strong. The editors exhibited much courage in venti- lating their opinions on political and social topics. Churches and Schools.—Besides the three denominations mentioned in the first period, the Roman Catholics and Protes- tant Episcopals came to erect churches in the second period, and also the Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, Universalists and English Lutherans. Schools were carried on successfully as before until 1835 when the public system was introduced, and in 1838 the first public school buildings were erected. Street Names.—Upon the laying out of the town, the streets were named as follows: (East and West,\—Penn, extending through the centre of the town; north of Penn, Thomas and Margaret; and south of Penn, Richard and Hamilton. (orth and South,)—King, Queen, Callowhill, Prince, Duke, Earl, Clement, Lord and Vigour. These names were changed by the Borough Council on August 6, 1833, and those substituted were as follows, Penn having been retained: (North of Penn,)—Liberty, Washington and Walnut. (South of Penn,)—Cherry, Franklin and Chestnut. (Across Penn,)—Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh; and what had been called for a time Bridge and Treat, were changed to Front and Second. On October 18, 1845, Council named the following alleys extending north from Liberty:—Pear, Thorn, Rose, Ash, 22 HISTORY OF READING. Church, Reed, Poplar, Cedar, Moss, and Black; and south from Cherry:—Oak, Apple, Carpenter, Wood, Pear, Plum, Lenion, Peach, Orange and Maple. Laurel and Willow streets were also named then. Bingaman street took its name and diagonal direction from the northerly line of the patent to Peter Bingaman; that part beyond Tenth street having been vacated by an Act of Assembly, passed May 8, 1850. In 1832, the streets were graded according to regulation by Enoch Lewis, under the direction of Council. Early Exhibitions.—Exhibitions were given at Reading at an early day. Reference to some will be made to show their character. In January, 1799, a man named Salanca gave a ‘‘curious ex- hibition’ in Barr’s ballroom, consisting of legerdemain perfor- mances by himself, tricks by a learned dog and a display of fire- works. Tickets for adults, 50 cents ; for children, 25 cents. In June, 1808, an elephant 8 years old and 7 feet high, was exhibited at the public-house of Daniel Feger ; advertised as the only elephant then in the country. Admission, 25 cents. On August 1, 1815, a whale was exhibited at the public-house of William Jones, weight, 5000 pounds. Admission, 1234 cents; children, half price. This whale was caught in the Delaware river at Trenton, on November 11, 1814. In November, 1813, Purdy, Carley & Bailey exhibited a menagerie of 30 living wild animals, including a lion and lion- ess, Arabian camels (male and female), llamas (male and female), hyena, kangaroo, tiger, leopard and panther. In December, 1838, William Paulin, accompanied by a lady, ascended from Reading in a balloon named ‘‘Comet,’’ and in the following year he made two successful ascensions. Circuses gave numerous exhibitions and they were well patronized, and traveling dramatic troupes visited Reading, remaining a week at a time. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. John Penn's Vistt.—John Penn arrived at Reading on April 7, 1788, while on his way from Philadelphia to Harrisburg. He remained two days and expressed himself as much pleased with the town. He stayed at Witman’s tavern, southeast corner Fifth and Franklin streets, and he regarded the accommoda- DISTINGUISHED VISIFORS. 23 tions as worthy of a respectable country town. He dined heartily on cat-fish, which were plentiful in the river. The next day, he dined with James Biddle, Esq. A number of citizens called to pay their respects. He came here to look after his property. On April 9th, he visited General Thomas Mifflin on the latter’s farm (now Alms House) and took break- fast and dinner with the family. After dinner, he proceeded on his way. Washington's Visit.—President Washington visited Reading on October 1, 1794, while on his way from Philadelphia to Carlisle during the Whiskey Insurrection. His presence caused much social excitement. During his sojourn, he stayed at the Federal Inn where many people called to pay their respects. A military parade was given under the command of Col. Nicholas Lotz, (who had taken an active part in the Revo- lution, ) to signalize the occasion, and the distinguished visitor reviewed the troops. The ‘Reading Volunteers,’’ (a company of militia,) escorted him on the way, and at Carlisle they were retained as his body guard. When Washington died in 1799, all the people mourned his. loss. The newspapers were printed with heavy black borders; and the people of the borough, to demonstrate in a public man- ner their great sorrow for his death and great reverence for his name, held funeral services in Trinity Lutheran church on Sun- day, January 5, 1800. A procession was solemnly formed on Penn square, anda great concourse of people, under the lead of the militia of the borough, marched to the church, Van Buren’s Visit.—The President of the United States, Martin Van Buren, visited Reading on Tuesday, June 25, 1839, while on his way from Harrisburg to Easton. A special com- mittee met him at Womelsdorf. Many citizens from different parts of the county formed a procession on the turnpike some distance west of the Harrisburg bridge, and joined the com- mittee in escorting the distinguished visitor to Reading. He was pleased to receive such an expressive welcome from the thriving town on the Schuylkill, which three years before had given him a strong political support, nearly four to one against Gen. W. H. Harrison. The procession paraded through the principal streets. The president rode on a fine cream-colored horse, and his graceful horsemanship attracted general attention. 24 HISTORY OF READING. He sojourned at Herr’s hotel. During the evening a recep- tion was held at the residence of Samuel Bell, Esq., where many citizens assembled to show him honor. He left for Easton via Kutztown on the following morning, a number of prominent citizens having accompanied him as far as Kutztown. In the previous year he paid a high compliment to the borough by selecting Hon. Henry A. Muhlenberg to be the first minister plenipotentiary to Austria. Scott's Visit.—Gen. Winfield Scott visited Reading on Satur- day, May 21, 1842, during a great ‘‘Military Encampment’’ comprising 14 companies of militia from Berks, Lehigh and Schuylkill counties, of which four were from Reading, number- ing 157 men. He was accompanied by his aids. They were met at the railroad station (Seventh and Chestnut streets) by a detachment of militia, and escorted to Herr’s hotel, where they were cordially welcomed and properly entertained. Many citi- zens followed the parade. On Monday (23rd,) he reviewed the troops, and left on the next day for Danville, to review a similar encampment. During the day, medals were awarded for skill- ful shooting. General Scott was much pleased with the disci- pline and appearance of the encampment; and he paid a special compliment to the Reading Artillerists. The encampment was held on Penn Common. It was the first in Reading. Liberty Poles of 1799.—During the administration of Presi- dent Adams, Congress caused a direct tax to be levied upon houses. This was objectionable to many persons. In Eastern Pennsylvania an insurrection arose in 1799, and liberty poles were rected to declare the feeling of opposition. A number of them were erected at and near Reading. While a company of soldiers were on their way through Reading to Bucks county, several of these poles were cut down, and the conduct of the soldiers was severely criticised by an editorial in the Adler. When the company reached Reading on its way to Lancaster, the Captain got to hear of this criticism, and he demanded the name of the author. It was refused, and the proprietor (Jacob Schneider) was taken to Penn square and publicly flogged. English War of r8r2-15.—After the Revolution, the British government conducted itself in an offensive manner persistently until the complaints became too loud and the inju- REVIEW OF READING. 25 ries too grievous to be endured any longer, when President Madison made them subjects for his message to Congress on June 1, 1812, and a declaration of war was issued. Berks county supplied twelve organized companies in response to the call for troops. The companies of Capt. Thomas Moore and Capt. Daniel deB. Keim were composed entirely of men from Reading; and the greater part of the men in the companies of Capt. Jacob Marshall and Capt. George Marx were also from Reading. The companies left in August, 1814, and performed military duty at York, Pa., but they did not participate in any engagements with the enemy. Some of the men remained four months, and others six months. Peace was concluded Decem- ber 24, 1814. When the event was made known at Reading, the citizens signalized it by shooting off cannon during the day and by a grand illumination at night, in which 1600 pounds of candles were consumed. During the war when the British approached Philadelphia, a number of English families who lived there were compelled to move away at least 50 miles, and on that account they came to Reading. This was in August, 1814. Mexican War.—War between the United States and Mexico was declared in May, 1846. The chief burgess, William Betz, presided at a public meeting, held on May 2oth, at which the government was sustained. Three companies of men from Reading tendered their services, and one of them was accepted, the Reading Artillerists, commanded by Capt. Thomas P. Leoser. This company left on December 26th for Mexico, and participated in the following battles: Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Chapultepec and Belen Gate. They returned July 29, 1848, and were given a brilliant reception. REVIEW OF READING IN 1847. Reading was incorporated intoa city on March 16, 1847. At that time it was in a flourishing state. Shops, factories and stores were numerous. The population numbered about 12,000. The tendency of local development was to the south of Penn street and to the west of Ninth. At that time there were thir- teen churches, seven to the north of Penn, and six to the south. The railroad deserves especial mention. A decade had not fully elapsed since its introduction, yet it demonstrated to a 26 HISTORY OF READING. remarkable degree its power in accelerating the growth of every- thing. Another railroad had been projected in 1836 to extend westward to Harrisburg, but it was not as yet begun. The canals and stages occupied a prominent position. The former consisted of two lines, the ‘Schuylkill’? and ‘‘Union,’’ and the latter of three lines, to Easton, Harrisburg and Lancaster. A prominent social movement was then perceptible. This was the secret society and though first started in 1794, it had not begun to make a marked impression till towards the close of the second period of Reading. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was particularly active. Asa beneficial organization, it extended its branches in various directions with remarkable earnestness and success. The fire company was active. Four volunteer companies were conducted successfully, (Rainbow, Junior, Reading and Neversink, ) partly through pecuniary assistance from the munic- ipal government, but mainly from the spontaneous efforts of their members. The system of common-school education was actively con- ducted, there being 17 schools, 31 teachers and 2064 scholars. Five newspapers were published successfully. Advertising was a prominent feature in all of them. The political sentiment of the inhabitants was favorable to the Whigs in local affairs, but to the Democrats in state and national. The public markets were largely attended. The market men came regularly twice a week, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Councils had proposed no improvement beyond the advantages first afforded in 1766, and rents were still collected. The semi-annual fairs were kept up. Dancing, drinking and fighting were conspicuous features. The militia spirit main- tained its activity; and exercise was carried on annually in May, which was known as ‘‘battalion day.”’ Most of the people were domestic in their daily life. Garden- ing was carried on either in lots, upon which the dwellings stood, or in out-lots. Fruit trees were numerous, and plums, peaches, cherries and apples were plentiful. ‘‘Preserving’’ fruit was common, not ‘‘canning’’ as now. And nearly every family boiled apple butter in an open fire place in the fall of the year. Home-made sausage, pudding, scrapple, hams and mince REVIEW OF READING. 27 were in every household. About Christmas time the cellars of housekeepers were well stocked. The fuel for domestic purposes in cooking and heating was almost wholly wood, and this was consumed in a ‘‘ten-plate’’ stove; and sawing of cord-wood by hand was a common occupa- tion. Coal had been known to the community for nearly forty years, but it was not used for domestic purposes, its consump- tion having been principally in public places, shops and factories. The light was produced from fluid, oil and tallow, even com- -mon fat, the first two having been used in stores, and ‘the last two in dwellings, especially of the poorer classes of inhabitants. The streets were not lighted up in the evening. Lanterns were carried to shed light upon the roadway. There were no ‘‘street crossings.’? The customs of the residents had not yet come to convert night into day for amusements of various kinds. Dra- matic entertainments were just starting out, and the demands for an improved light were gradually growing greater. The town was not large. The principal portion lay between Walnut street on the north and Chestnut on the south; Ninth street on the east and Third on the west. Business of all kinds was done almost entirely during the day-time, and merchants derived their chief support from the farmers. Two constables were watchmen of the night, and for several hours before and after midnight they called out the hour and the condition of the weather in a monotonous, low tone of voice. The pump was used throughout the place, notwithstanding the general supply of superior water afforded by the Reading Water Co. It was convenient in every block, if not on or near every street corner. At least 100 pumps were in daily use. Penn street was especially well supplied. Ice had come to be furnished in small quantities for about ten years, but not for drinking purposes. cITY—1847 TO 1897. The events that transpired in the ‘succeeding fifty years, after the incorporation of Reading as a city, were so numerous that a narration of them must be necessarily brief to bring them with- in the limits of this compilation. They will be mentioned by decades in the order of their occurrence as near as possible, referring the reader to other parts of this volume for a more extended description of them. 28 HISTORY OF READING. 1847-57.—During the decade from 1847 to 1857, business affairs grew more active, and continued to do so till towards the close when a panic ensued. Gas was introduced for lighting purposes in 1848. The first large hall was erected by the Odd Fellows in 1847, which provided a meeting place for the society and accommodations for the public in respect to entertainments. The Charles Evans Cemetery was founded in 1848; the Trinity Lutheran and Roman Catholic cemeteries on the northern slope of Mt. Neversink were laid out in 1849; and the Aulenbach cemetery in 1851. Interments were then made in these cemeteries; and the remains of many buried persons, in grave- yards in the central parts of the city, were transferred to them. Numerous buildings were erected, both dwellings and industrial’ establishments, the latter including prominent enter- prises which have been continued until now. Two railroads were constructed in 1857, the ‘‘East Penn’’ to the northeast, and the ‘‘Lebanon Valley’’ to the west. The militia system was active and battalion days were devoted to military exercise. In 1856, there was a battalion comprising 6 com- panies with 539 men enrolled. The fair days at the market- houses passed away without regret from any one, and in 1852, an agricultural society began holding a county fair for an im- proved annual exhibition of goods, live-stock, etc. An excit- ing topic at this time was the discovery of gold in California, and several parties went there from Reading, but their discourag- ing letters dispelled the charm, and the excitement subsided. Various political questions agitated the people, and one of them, that of slavery, caused the presidential campaign of 1856 to be particularly enthusiastic. A public high-school was established in 1852, and the tax- payers realized the promises of its projectors in affording advanced education to such as attended the common schools. The greatest freshet in the Schuylkill valley occurred in 1850, and the people of Reading suffered damages estimated at more than $500,000. Both bridges were swept away. The flood’ rose to a point 25 feet above the ordinary level of the river. On January 8, 1854, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company machine shops on Seventh between Franklin and Chestnut streets were destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $50,000, which was the most destructive fire at Reading until that time; REVIEW OF READING. 29 and on April 20, 1857, the roof of the same shop broke down for a space of go by 180 feet by reason of a great fall of snow on the day before (Sunday) followed by rain, this happening while 300 workmen were underneath, all of whom escaped unhurt. 1857~67.—In the decade from 1857 to 1867, the Civil War was the most engrossing subject which engaged the attention of the people. Many companies of men were enlisted here, and the excitement on many occasions was intense. The people of the city supported the government devotedly and liberally in its great efforts to suppress the Rebellion. In 1863, houses were numbered by Councils by an admirable system through the efforts of Jacob Knabb, postmaster, to facilitate and dispatch the delivery of letters. The streets were regulated by a topo- graphical survey from 1864 to 1867, and the fixing of lines and grades encouraged building operations, especially in the northern section of the city. The water-works were purchased by Coun- cils in 1865. Efforts were made to improve the city charter by amendments in 1861 and 1864. The Firemen’s Union was organized in 1861. : The co-edu- cation of boys and girls in the high-school was started in 1859, and all.the wards were consolidated into one district for school purposes in 1864. The people were active and energetic in every department of life, and the wealth of the community was increased millions of dollars. Weekly newspapers became more thoroughly circulated, and the daily newspaper was success- fully established in 1858. Postal facilities were increased to the great convenience of the people; and another railroad was ex- tended to the southwest in 1864, affording direct communication with Lancaster and Columbia. Political excitement reached the highest point which the community was able to bear without resulting in a public disturbance. 1867-77.—In the third decade from 1867 to 1877, general enterprise was very active in the beginning and continued so for several years, but then it began to decline and finally showed marked effects from the financial panic which prevailed throughout the country. Great fires at Chicago in 1871, and at Boston in 1872, destroyed much property, resulting in losses amounting to more than $200,000,000, and a large proportion had to be paid by fire insurance companies, located in different parts of the country, which caused great embarrassment. It 30 HISTORY OF READING. seemed that some evil genius hovered over this community also, because there were many acts of incendiarism in the most popu- lous parts of the city about that time, but the volunteer fire companies by their vigilance prevented serious losses. In 1872, two steam fire engines were added to the fire depart- ment, and in 1873 the electric fire alarm system was introduced, which immediately demonstrated its great value. The old market-houses were removed in 1871, and private build- ings for market purposes were substituted The limits of the city were extended northward in 1871, increasing the area to more than 3200 acres. A large modern hall for amusements was erected in 1872 on the north side of east Penn square, which afforded increased opportunities for witnessing dramatic and operatic performances. The postal card was introduced in 1873, and the business of the post office was largely increased. The P. & R. R. Co. erected a large and commodious ‘Union Station’’ at the junction of its several lines of railroad, which was opened for travel on August 3, 1874. The general Act of 1874, for the government of cities of the third class—which included Reading—was accepted; the water of Antietam creek was appropriated by the city anda storage reser- voir was constructed in Alsace township with a capacity for 30,000,000 gallons. Railroad communication was extended by completing the road to Wilmington to the south, and to Slating- ton to the north; and the street railway was introduced along Penn and Sixth streets. The ‘‘Centennial Exhibition’’ at Philadelphia was a prominent subject for several years, especially from May 1oth to November roth, 1876; and the display of productions by Reading manufacturers and of educational work by the Reading School District was highly complimented. The management of the schools by the first city superintendent, elected in 1867, proved very successful, and during the decade ten large brick buildings were erected. In October, 1869, there was an unusual freshet, the river ris- ing twenty-three feet and inflicting damages to the shops along the river amounting to $50,000. On Sunday, June 26, 1870, the P, & R. R. Co. car shops at Sixth and Oley streets (168 by 710 ft.) were destroyed by fire, causing a loss of more than $100,000; and on January 16, 1872, there was another large and costly fire at Fifth and Penn streets, which destroyed REVIEW OF READING. 31 Stichter’s hardware store, Ebner’s building, old ‘‘State House,”’ and other buildings on Fifth street, resulting in a loss exceed- ing $100,000. The store was rebuilt in thirty days by Joseph L. Stichter—a circumstance commented upon for many years. The building and savings associations were in a flourishing con- dition. The political sentiment of the people manifested a great change, and the process of changing from the Democratic party to the Republican by 1876 had developed a high degree of ex- citement, the election returns of that year causing the loudest demonstrations ever witnessed at Reading. Enterprise reached out in different branches of industry, giving employment to a largely increased number of mechanics and laborers. Merchants showed a high appreciation of the value of advertising in local newspapers, and as they attracted the residents to their stores, the Philadelphia merchants did the same to theirs by advertis- ing their goods in the Reading newspapers. 1877-1887.—The fourth decade from 1877 to 1887 went far in advance of the previous decades in public affairs, private enterprises and social amusements. It started with a serious disturbance on account of the labor question, which culminated ina riot on July 23, 1877, causing the death of ten persons, and the wounding of thirty-nine, and the loss of the large bridge across the Schuylkill on the Lebanon Valley railroad. The riot took place at Seventh and Penn streets. The strike was general, extending through Pennsylvania and other States. In the previous decade, allusion was made to the panic, but it did not seriously affect Reading. However, conditions gener- ally grew worse and on November 18, 1877, the Reading Savings bank, Bushong’s bank, and Dime Savings bank sus- pended, which caused the greatest financial excitement that Reading ever felt, and the day is still recalled as ‘‘Black Friday.’’ An earnest beginning for a city park was made in 1878, by cleaning up and improving the triangular part of the Common which adjoined Perkiomen avenue and Hill road, this having been done by tax-payers in the vicinity who raised over $6000 by voluntary contributions, and in 1884, Councils instituted legal, steps to recover that part of the common which had been occu- pied by the Berks County Agricultural Society since 1852, and they were successful. The co-education of boys and girls was 32 HISTORY OF READING. found unsatisfactory, and in 1881, after a trial of 22 years, they were separated, the girls remaining in the high-school building. In 1883 the commodious Boys’ High School was erected, and then the school controllers transferred their meeting place and offices to it. In that year, the county bridges at Reading were declared free, and electric power began to be supplied for shops and factories. The water works were much enlarged in 1880 and 1884, in- creasing the storage over 50,000,000 gallons. The building and savings associations were in a flourishing condition, 25 hav- ing been kept up whose payments and investments ran into millions of dollars. Societies of all kinds were very active, particularly secret, beneficial and social, numbering altogether 150, and their membership including almost every man of age in the community. Factories of all kinds were carried on ex- tensively, especially for hats, stoves, cigarg and_ building materials. And one of the most important events in the decade was the construction of the Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley railroad in 1884, and the direct connection with the Pennsyl- vania railroad system thereby afforded. 1887—-1897.—The closing decade of the city from 1887 to 1897 was the most active of all the decades in every department of lie. The progress was remarkable, and it exceeded everything in the previous history of the place. The supply of water was largely increased by the introduction of the water from the Maiden creek; Penn Common was improved year after year un- til it came to be the most attractive spot within the limits of the city; the school buildings were increased in number and im- proved in character, and so were the church buildings, the moneys appropriated and collected for these two purposes sur- passing all previous efforts; the U. S. government supplied a superior building for post office purposes; the subject of streets and sewers was agitated for a long while with apparently little progress in behalf of these public improvements, but it prevailed eventually, and the years 1896 and 1897 became notable, a million dollars having been expended in their construction; pub- lic demonstrations, parades, excursions, and conventions were unusual in number and character, which developed the reputa- tion of Reading as a place of industry, substantial wealth and superior advantages to a remarkable degree. REVIEW OF READING. 33 The street railway system was extended very much and the mountain roads were established. The application of electricity as a motive power for running the street cars was applied to the cars on the East Reading line of street railway in 18go0, and it was extended to all the lines in the city in 1893. Industrial establishments for various articles were erected, especially for steel, hosiery and bicycles, affording employment. to several thousand additional persons and yielding to the com- munity over a million dollars in wages. Conduits began to be laid for under-ground wires by the Pennsylvania Telephone Company. The greatest fires in the history of the city occurred, the losses reaching a million dollars, three worthy of special mention being the Carpenter Steel Mill, Reading Hardware Works, and Sternbergh Nut and Bolt Works; and the city was. visited by the greatest storm in 1889, having demolished the silk mill and part of the East Penn railroad shop, killing 22 persons and injuring more than foo. Civil War.—The Civil War in the United States was carried on from 1861 to 1865. It was caused by the attempt of seven Southern states to secede from the Union, on account of the election of Abraham Lin- coln as president by the Republican party, whose political platform was resolved against slavery. After an attack had been made upon Fort Sumter at Charleston, S. C., on April r2th, by certain Confeder- ates, President Lincoln made a_ requisition for troops on April 15th, to which there was a quick and earnest response by the Northern states. The first company to respond was. CAPT. JAMES MCKNIGHT. the Ringgold Light Artil- lery, a superior company at Reading, under the command of Capt. James McKnight. This was on April 16, 1861. The feeling here for preserving the Union, from that time until the close of the 34 HISTORY OF READING. war, was strong and continuous, the people of Reading doing their whole duty, both in furnishing men and appropriating money. In answer to the first call for troops for three months, Reading supplied six companies and two bands of music. The names of the captains were James McKnight, Henry Nagle, George W. Alexander, Frank M. Cooley, Albert F. Rightmyer and David A. Griffith (three of them surviving until now, Rightmyer, Alexander and Griffith) and the bands were the ‘‘Ringgold,”’ whose leader was John A. Hock, and the ‘‘City,”’ whose leader was E. Ermentrout, the former having kept up its organization until the present time. Subsequently, until the close of the war, Reading supplied about 40 additional companies. Alto- gether it is estimated that the city furnished about 4000 men for the service, and appropriated for purposes of carrying on the war about $375,000. The people of Reading can point to their record of patriotism during this trying ordeal with a great deal of local and personal pride. PART II.—INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. The internal improvements comprise those buildings and con- structions of a public nature, whether paid for by the govern- ment or by private individuals and corporations. The following comprise those that have contributed to the general welfare, whose total cost to the community and to the projectors amounts to many millions of dollars. Court House.—The court house was the first public edifice at Reading. It was a two-story stone building, erected in 1762, in the centre of Penn square, and there it remained until 1841. The first story was in one room and set apart for the courts; the second in three rooms for jury purposes. Public elections were held in it until 1840. For ten years previous to 1762, the sessions of court were held in a room at some tavern of the town. The present court house, three-story brick structure, was erected in 1838-1840, at a cost of $59,000. Upon its com- pletion, the courts were held there, and the county officers took possession of rooms provided for them respectively, in which to transact the public business and place the records. Additions COURT HOUSE. COURT HOUSE, 35 were made in 1869 and 1888. The steeple is 142 feet high. The wooden figure on the top representing ‘‘Justice’’ was taken COURT HOUSE—1762-1840. down in 1897, and the bronze figure representing ‘Liberty’? was substituted. Market Houses.—In 1766, the Penns granted a charter to the town for holding semi-weekly markets; also semi-annual fairs on June 4th, and October 27th; and then a market-house was 36 HISTORY OF READING. erected in East Penn square. It was a building about 120 feet long and 20 feet wide, consisting of a double row of Square brick pillars, covered by a double-pitched shingle roof, and contained 32 stalls. A similar building was erected in West Penn square in 1799, which contained 38 stalls. Thev were rebuilt in 1846 with iron columns and paved extensions for in- creased accommodations at a cost of $6400, and abandoned in 1871, when they were sold and removed. The semi-annual fairs were discontinued in 1852, when the Berks County Agricultural Society was organized to give annual exhibitions in their stead. County Prison.—The first county prison was erected in 1770, on the northeast corner of Fifth and Washington streets. It Fics le i al Vp een ites aR ie! COUNTY PRISON—1770-1848. was a two-story stone building, plastered, and used for confining prisoners until 1848. The sheriff occupied part of it with his family. The second floor was set apart for prisoners, having been arranged in four compartments. This building is still standing, though much altered. The present substantial and attractive stone structure on Penn Common was erected in 1847-48, and, upon its completion, the prison was removed into BERKS COUNTY PRISON, 1848-1898. STATE HOUSE. Bi it. The management was transferred to a board of elected in- spectors, which has continued until now. A two-story stone addition was built at the north end in 1869. The total number of cells is 94, arranged in two stories. State House. —A two-story brick building was erected by the County Commissioners in 1793, on the northeast corner of Fifth STATE HOUSE—COUNTY OFFICES, 1793-1840. street and Penn square, for the county officials and the county records and papers. It was used for this purpose until 1840, when it was sold. The second story front room was occupied as a hall for various purposes. — Water Works.—The inhabitants were supplied with water from wells and cisterns until 1821. The first pump at Reading was erected in East Penn square in 1750 by direction of the Penns, and, when the market-house was built in 1766, this pump occupied a position in the centre. The well was 53 feet deep and the water was of a superior limestone character. It was abandoned in 1871, when the market house was removed. In 1821, a water company was formed to supply the inhabi- tants with water, and then a reservoir was constructed at the head of Penn street with a storage capacity of 100,000 hogs- 38 HISTORY OF READING. heads. In 1865, the city purchased the plant for $300,000. The sources of supply then were Hampden spring, Edelman spring and Bernhart creek. The supply was largely increased by introducing the water of Antietam creek in 1874, and ot Maiden creek in 1889, the former flowing by gravity through large iron pipes about three miles to the city line, and the latter being forced through similar pipes about four miles to the city line by two Worthington pumps, one of which has a daily ca- pacity of 5,000,000 gallons and the other 10,000,000. Total net cost of water supply to April 1, 1897, $1,684,600; debt $532,500, less sinking fund $37,770. Total storage capacity 181,532,000 gallons; daily possible supply 15,000,000 gallons; average daily consumption, 6,000,000 gallons. Total quantity received for year 1896-97, 2,204,742,987 gallons, and con- sumed 2,197,457,160 gallons. Supply is from six sources, which, with per centum, is as follows:—Antietam, 43.7; Bern- hart, 28.2; Maiden creek, 24.4; Edelman, 2.4; Hampden 1.; and Hampden drift, . 3. Public Roads.—The public roads figured prominently in con- nection with Reading from the beginning of its history. The ford at the Schuylkill was a central point from which they were extended in various directions. When the town was laid out, there were regular highways; north to the mouth of the Maiden creek, almost in a straight line for six miles; north-east through Alsace; south-east through Exeter to Philadel- phia; south-west through Cumru to Lancaster; and west through Cumru and Heidelberg, also in a straight line, to Lebanon. And afterward EARLY ROADS FROM READING. "HLUON ONINOOT ‘AIOAUTSIA ONIGVAA AO MAIA "HLNOS ONINOO') ‘YIOAUASAUY ONIGVAA AO MAIA LOCATION OF READING. 39 others were established to facilitate travel from Reading to the different sections of the county. ~ Streets. —The streets were established when the town was laid out, and the personal and royal names given to them by the proprietaries were continued until changed by the Borough Council in 1833. The numeral system was then substituted for the streets running north and south; and those running east and west, excepting Penn, Washington and Franklin, were named after trees, and those subsequently laid out, after the townships of the county. They are at right angles with one another. Some of them, however, run at an oblique angle, the most prominent being Bingaman street, Perkiomen, Centre and Schuylkill avenues. The total number of miles of projected streets is 135; of which 77 miles are open for public use. The first grading of the streets was made in 1832. A topo- graphical survey was made by Samuel M. Rea from 1864 to 1868. The plans, in eleven sections, are on file in the Quarter Sessions’ office of Berks county. In 1863, the system of num- bering the houses along the streets was adopted by Councils, allowing 100 for each square from Front street eastward, and also for each square north and south of Penn street. This was effected by Jacob Knabb while postmaster, to facilitate and dis- patch the delivery of letters, having had numerous petitions signed by the citizens recommending it. After considering for a long while the subject of permanent street improvements, Councils eventually, in 1882, purchased a steam road-roller, weighing 15 tons, and began a gradual im- provement of the streets in the interior sections of Reading by macadamizing the surface, and they kept at it year after year until 1897, spending annually about $25,000. This not proving satisfactory, they then determined to lay sheet asphaltum, and during that year expended over $120,000 on Penn street and Perkiomen avenue from Front street to Thirteenth, and on south Fifth street from Penn to Pine Location of City.—The lines, enclosing the plan of Reading, form an irregular figure, about 3 miles long and 2% miles wide; and the tract contains about 4ooo acres. The eastern boundary line is along the base of Mt. Penn, and the western along the bank of the Schuylkill, the latter being nearly 5. miles west | The greater part of the area has a gentle declination long. 40 HISTORY OF READING. westward from Mt. Penn to the river and affords superior drain- age. The river at the foot of Penn street is 190 feet above the level of the sea; the railroad at Seventh and Penn streets, 265 feet; Penn street reservoir, 345 feet; top of Mt. Penn, 1110 feet, and top of Mt. Neversink, 800 feet. The territory to the north- ward comprises the Schuylkill valley, and that to the westward the Lebanon valley. The view from Mt. Penn is very picturesque, and that from Mt. Neversink on the south is equally so. They overlook about 800 square miles of rolling farming country. Sewers.—In 1893, the West system of house sewers was adopted by Councils. The city was divided into eight districts, and numbers 1 and 2 were constructed at the cost of the abut- ting property holders. The pumping station was erected at the foot of Sixth street at a cost of $105,000; and the disposal plant 11% miles below Reading along the west bank of the river ata cost of $130,000, which was paid by the city without increasing the tax rate. The sewage is purified to 99 per cent. Work is now being done on No. 3 district. The cost of the three dis- tricts will amount to $200,000. The first storm water sewer was constructed gradually in small sections from the foot of Court street to Buttonwood, to Eighth, to Walnut, and to Eleventh, the beginning having been made forty years ago. The Bassett system was adopted by Councils in 1888. In 1897, the North Reading sewer was ‘made out of concrete, in oval shape, starting at Eleventh and Douglass, and ending at the river near the Carpenter Steel Works, a distance of two miles. The dimension at the east end begins at 5 feet and ends at the west end at 14 feet. The depth below the surface varies from 10 to 25 feet. It is now the largest cand longest concrete sewer in America. The total cost was over $200,000, paid mostly by a loan granted by a vote of the electors. Ferries and Bridges.—The ford was used in crossing the Schuylkill for many years; then a ferry was introduced to facili- tate passage to and fro. In 1795, the first steps were taken to establish a bridge at this point; and repeated and persistent efforts were made by legislation, lottery schemes, and county appropriations for twenty years before this great improvement was accomplished. A roofed wooden structure became passable BRIDGES. 41 in 1815; and it was finally completed in 1818. The cost was $50,000. It took the name of ‘“‘Harrisburg Bridge’ from the public road to Harrisburg. There was also a ferry at the foot of Bingaman street. The first privilege was granted by the Penns to a man named Levan, and it was continued until a roofed wooden bridge was erected in 1831, at a cost of $10,000. It took the name of ‘‘Lancaster Bridge,’ being on the road to Lancaster. Toll was charged at both bridges until 1883, when they were declared free. The subject of free bridges had been agitated as early as 1821, and in 1848 a special effort was made in this behalf, but without success, because the County Commissioners al- leged that the expenses ex- ceeded the income by nearly $30,000. In 1882, the City Councils took the matter in hand, and by ap- plication to Court, the pur- pose was at last accom- PENN STREET (HARRISBURG) BRIDGE. plished March 28, 1883, after the community had struggled with it for 60 years. Both bridges were swept away by the erat resi of 1850, and immediately rebuilt. In 1876, the latter Was~destroyed by fire, and an iron structure was erected in its stead, which was the first large iron bridge in the county. And in 1884, a supe- rior iron bridge was erected in place of the former at a cost of $100,000. The first bridge across the Schuylkill in this vicinity was “Kissinger’s.’’ It was on the road to Sunbury through Bern township. An Act was passed in 1810, authorizing Ulrich Kissinger to erect and maintain a toll bridge at that point where this road crossed the river, and he then put up a chain bridge in two spans. A covered wooden bridge was substituted in 1830. This was also swept away by the freshet of 1850, and rebuilt. It was known for many years as ‘‘Bushong’s,’’ and last as ‘‘Ahrens’.”? The Schuylkill avenue bridge near by was erected by the County Commissioners in 1893 to take its place. 42 HISTORY OF READING. The Lebanon Valley railroad bridge was erected in 1857, and it was then regarded as one of the finest structures in the State. It was destroyed by fire by the rioters in July, 1877, and rebuilt by the com- pany. The Wilmington and North- ern railroad bridge was erected in 1874; the Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley in 1884; and the Reading and Southwestern in 1891.’ Alto- gether seven fine bridges span the river within a distance of three miles. Schuylkill River.—The river Schuylkill is a prominent feature of Reading, and has always contributed many advantages to the place. In respect to carrying away the surface drainage from all the streets, its value has been incalculable. Its improvement for navigation was a subject for the inhabitants as early as 1807, when a society was formed for this purpose. It was forded un- til about the time when the borough was erected, then the ferries were in- troduced, and these were carried on until the two bridges were built. freshets.—The freshets of this water-course occupy a noteworthy place in local history for over too years. The most important of them occurred in 1757, 1786, 1822, 1839, 1841, 1850, 1862 and 1869. The one which caused the most damage was in 1850, when the water rose 25 feet above its ordinary level, nearly 6 ( ia 2 4 il RD ( feet higher than the great freshet of 1786. BINGAMAN STREET (LANCASTER) BRIDGE: READING POST OFFICE BUILDING. PUBLIC PARKS. 43 fire Company Buildings.—For many years the fire compa- nies owned the buildings in which they kept their apparatus, but when the city began to appropriate liberal sums annually for maintaining them, it became the owner of all, excepting that of the Liberty Fire Company. The buildings number twelve. They are all substantial structures, finely furnished. City Hlal/,—There was no separate building for town officials until 1870. A city hall (three-story brick building) was then erected at Fifth and Franklin streets to supply at one place a ‘“lock-up,’’ city offices and council chambers, costing $26,000. Previously the Councils met in the court house. Public Parks. —Penn Common was reserved by the Penns for the dwellers of the town when the plan was laid out. But it was not improved for park purposes until 1878; then certain property holders near Eleventh and Penn streets raised over $6000 by voluntary contributions, andthe small triangular por- tion adjoining Perkiomen avenue and Hill road was enclosed. In 1884, legal proceedings were instituted by Councils to re- cover possession of the entire tract (50 acres) from the County Commissioners. The Court refused to award a writ of man- damus to compel them to execute a deed to the city for the land, but the Supreme Court ordered it to be done, and the transfer was made in 1886. Then Councils established a park commis- sion, and annual appropriations have been made since that time for its improvement. Until 1898, about $120,000 was expended. Besides Penn Common, the city owns Mineral Spring park, a tract of 47 acres, which has also been beautified by annual ap- propriations, exceeding $10,000. Post Office.—The post office was established at Reading in 1793. Since then there have been seventeen postmasters. The letters were called for until 1835, then they began to be de- livered by private enterprise at a cent, and subsequently two cents, a letter. This practice continued until the free delivery system’ was introduced in 1864. Mail boxes were put up in 1864 for dropping letters to be collected by carriers, and boxes and carriers were increased as demands required. The money order system was introduced in 1864; postal cards in 1873; two-cent postage in 1883; and the special delivery of letters in 1885. In 1897, there were 182 boxes and 35 carriers. In 1887, the U.S. government erected a fine, large building for a permanent post- 44 HISTORY OF READING. office. Thedepartment took possession Sept. 16, 1889. The total cost was $180,000. Present postmaster, J. S. Thompson. Cemeteries. —From the beginning of Reading until 1846, in- terments were made in burying grounds which adjoined the several churches; then a cemetery was established by Charles Evans. He was authorized by law to organize a company for its perpetual management, and when this was done he trans- ferred to the ‘‘Charles Evans Cemetery Co.’’ a tract of 25 acres in the northern section of the city, with the buildings thereon erected, representing an expenditure of $84,000. The present area embraces 127 acres, lots laid out number 4982, and those sold 4500; and burials to 1898, 20,300. A fine bronze statue of the founder stands inside, facing the entrance. Many costly monuments have been erected, the most prominent being the ‘Soldiers’ Monument’ in granite, and ‘‘Christ on the Cross’’ in Italian marble. In 1849, two cemeteries were laid out and established on the northern slope of Mt. Neversink, the ‘‘Trinity Lutheran’’ by the congregation of that name, and the ‘‘Roman Catholic’? by St. Peter’s congregation. And in 1851, the ‘‘Aulenbach’’ was laid out along the southeast border of Reading. When these cemeteries were established, burials in them were encouraged, and the remains of numerous persons in the different burying grounds were transferred to them. Turnpikes.—Turnpikes were projected along the prominent high-ways which extended to the north, to the southeast and to the west of Reading to enable business-men, farmers and travel- ers to carry on intercourse more quickly with near and distant places. In 1805, the Centre Turnpike Company was incorpo- rated to maintain a turnpike on the road to the north, leading to Sunbury, and before 1812 it was completed. Tolls were col- lected until 1884, when it was abandoned and the charter for- feited. In 1810, another was incorporated for a turnpike south- east to Perkiomen Mills and Philadelphia; which was completed in 1814, and has been conducted ever since. And in 1805, a third was incorporated for a turnpike west to Harrisburg; which was finished in 1817, and has been conducted until now. Their connection with and value to Reading are not fully appreciated at this time, but for fifty years, from 1810 to 1860, they contrib- “AMHLANAD SNVAA SATYVHD AO AINVYULNA CANALS AND RAILROADS. 45 uted a great deal towards its prosperity. To the stage business they were indispensable. Stage- Coaches. —The stage-coach was introduced as the first public conveyance at Reading in 1789 by Martin Hausman. It made weekly trips to and from Philadelphia, distance 5t miles; fare $2; letters 3d. The round trip was made in two days. William Coleman became the owner of the line in 1791, and from that time for 70 years the Coleman family was prominently identified with the stage enterprise at Reading and in Eastern Pennsylvania. This business was active for a long time, especially from 1810 to 1858; but it was discontinued as the railroads were extended in different directions from Reading. Six stage lines still carry passengers, merchandise and mail as follows:—northwest to Krick’s Mill, Bernville and Millersburg; south to Angelica and Terre Hill; east to Boyertown, to Pike- ville, and to Shanesville. Canals.—The canal, asa means of transportation to and from Reading, was started in 1811. It was constructed along the Tulpehocken creek to its source, and thence along the Swatara creek to the Susquehanna river, being finished in 1828. It was known as the Union Canal. The first suggestion of a canal by this route was made by William Penn in 1690, and the first legislation in Pennsylvania in that behalf was enacted in 1791. It was very prosperous for a time, and many boats ran to and fro, carrying lumber, merchandise and passengers, but railroad competition caused it to be abandoned. The Schuylkill Canal was constructed along the Schuylkill river from Pottsville to Philadelphia, especially for transporting coal. It was begun in 1817 and completed in 1822; and it was successfully carried on for over 50 years. It is now controlled by the P. & R. R: Company but little used. Steam Railroads.—Railroads were extended in directions to correspond with the public roads; southeast to Philadelphia, 58 miles, in 1838; northwest to Pottsville, 35 miles, in 1842; west to Harrisburg, 54 miles, in 1858; northeast to Allentown, 35 miles, in 1859; southwest to Lancaster, 42 miles, and to Colum- bia, 46 miles, in 1864; south to Wilmington, 72 miles, in 1874; and north to Slatington, 44 miles, in 1874. The ‘‘West Read- ing’) was constructed in 1863, from the ‘‘Lebanon Valley’’ via Third street to and along Canal street to accommodate the 46 HISTORY OF READING. numerous enterprises in the western section of the city. It was operated by the company for 10 years; then transferred to the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. The P. & R. R. Co. operate all the lines concentrating at Reading, excepting the Wilmington and Northern railroad and the Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley railroad. The passenger station was located at Seventh and Chestnut streets from 1838 to 1873, when it was removed to the ‘‘Junction’’ where the Leba- non Valley railroad and East Penn railroad connect with the P. & R. railroad, a commodious two-story brick structure having been erected by the company to accommodate the in- creasing traffic and facilitate the transfer of passengers and bag- gage. The volume of business is enormous. [See Chapter II.—P. and R. R. Co. Works. ] The Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley railroad was extended Pir PENNSYLVANIA SCHUYLKILL VALLEY RAILROAD STATION. along the Schuylkill river trom Philadelphia to Reading in 1884, and to Pottsville in 1885. It is under the control of the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company. A grand banquet was given to the officials of the company by the Reading Board of Trade at the Mansion House on January 17, 1885, to signalize the open- STREET RAILWAYS. 47 ing of the road and the connection of Reading, as a manufac- turing centre, with the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. system. During 1897, the company carried nearly 200,000 passengers from and to Reading. The daily passenger trains arriving and departing number 16; freight trains, 7, and coal trains, 14. The employees at Reading number 158. The total number of freight cars handled for the year was over 27,000; the inbound freight received was nearly 120,000 tons, and the outbound nearly 35,000. Street Ratlways.—In 1873, a company was organized to maintain a street railway on Sixth street from Canal to Robeson and the cemetery, which was laid in 1874; andin the same year another to maintain a line on Penn street and Perkiomen avenue from Front to Nineteenth, which was also laid in 1874. The former was carried on successfully, but the latter was not, the management having changed several times. Extensions were made as follows; Cotton, Ninth and Tenth, South Third to North Eleventh via Chestnut, Fourth and Walnut, in 1886; Fifth and Bingaman and Eighth in 1888; and Mineral Spring avenue in 1889. The Reading Traction company was organ- ized in 1893, and leased the two lines with extensions; and in that year electricity was applied as a motive power for moving the street cars, The ‘‘East Reading”’ from Ninth street to the Black Bear Inn and Stony Creek was constructed in 1890, the Reading Elec- tric Light and Power Company supplying electricity to propel the cars. This company was the first at Reading to use elec- tricity for this purpose. The ‘‘Reading and Womelsdorf ”’ line was laid in 1894. The Reading and Temple company was or- ganized in 1894, and its track was laid on North Fourth street to Spring and through the northwestern part of the city. The United Traction company was organized in 1895, and leased all the lines mentioned. It operates 48 miles of track and 85 cars, and employs 225 persons. It carried during 1897, 6,000,000 passengers. Total investment, $3,500,000. The Reading and Southwestern Railroad company was organ- ized in 18go, to operate a railway from Third and Penn streets to Mohnsville,and this was constructed in 1891 with an electric power plant to move its cars. A branch was extended to Eleventh and Penn, and to Nineteenth street in 1894, to connect with the Mt. 48 HISTORY OF READING. Penn gravity railroad. In the same year, a steam railroad was constructed from the terminus at Mohnsville to Adamstown. Mountain Railroads.—In 1889, the Mt. Penn Gravity Rail- road Company was organized, and in 1890 constructed a rail- road from the east end of the street car lines to the top of Mt. Penn and thence by a circuitous route to the point of beginning, altogether 8 mileslong. The cars are drawn to the top 144 miles by a steam en- gine, but they descend by grav- ity 6% miles. In April, 1898, an electrical equip- ment was supplied to propel some of the cars by trolley. A stone tower 50 feet high is at the top. Total elevation, 1200 feet above the sea, and 1000 feet above Reading. The view from this tower embraces an area of territory, 30 miles square. Prominent points can be seen in the six adjoining counties, Montgomery, Chester, Lancaster, Lebanon, Schuylkill and Lehigh. A large pavilion for dancing is connected with the tower; and to the north, near by, there is another for playing ten-pins, shuffle-boards, and billiards. Investment $150,000; number of cars 9; passengers carried for 1897, 76,000. The Summit House, a three-story stone building, was erected in 1890, near the tower, by Henry and William Schwartz. The railroad in descending passes four other resorts: ‘‘Kuechler’s,’’ ‘‘Steigerwald’s,’’ ‘‘Spuhler’s,’’ and ‘‘Mineral Spring.’’ The Neversink Mountain Railroad Company was organized in 1889, and in 1890 the company laid a track 8 miles long from Ninth and Penn streets around and across the mountain to Klapperthal. It has an investment of $250,000, operates from three to seven cars, and carries from June to October about 75,000 passengers. Superior views from different points over- look Reading and the surrounding country for many miles. MT. PENN TOWER. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE, 49 The railroad affords easy access to five popular resorts: Never- sink Hotel, Centennial Springs Hotel, Highland House, Glen Hotel, and White House. A power-house was erected at the Big Dam at the same time to propel the company’s cars with electricity, but it was leased to the Metropolitan Electric Com- pany which now provides the necessary power for the cars. A fine pavilion for dancing was erected by the company along the road, opposite the Highland House. Telegraph.—In 1844, the telegraph was first introduced to transmit messages by electricity between Washington and Balti- more. In 1847, a company was organized to maintain telegraph lines between Philadelphia, Reading and Pottsville, and in May of that year, the first message was sent to Reading, (this relat- ing to the Mexican war.) It has been maintained since that time along the railroad. As other railroads were constructed in different directions from Reading, it was extended. In 1879, the Western Union Telegraph Company effected an arrange- ment for co-operation and since that time this has been carried on successfully. This company has at Reading 4o distinct wires on poles with 100 miles of wire, and transmits and receives about 1000 com- mercial messages daily, this of course not including the business of the P. & R. R. Co., and newspaper service. In 1847, the operators numbered 3; now they number 35. The office at No. 14 North Sixth street is open day and night. It is supplied with 8 operators, 2 clerks, and 10 messengers who are mounted on bicycles. To accommodate the increasing business, a ‘‘du- plex’’ of the largest kind was introduced in 1897 on the direct wire between Reading and New York, by which two messages. can be sent over the same wire at the same time in opposite directions. Another is in daily use between Reading and Phila- delphia for the exclusive accommodation of the railroad business. The company operates at this office 55 self-winding synchro- nizing clocks, distributed in different parts of Reading, and regulated hourly by observatory time from Washington, D. C. In 1897, a large switch-board was introduced to meet the grow- ing demands of the business. The general superintendent, L, Horton, Jr., is located at Reading. A. J. Darlington has been connected with the company since 1865. This telegraph com- 50 HISTORY OF READING. pany enjoys the distinction of being the oldest in continuous service in the United States. In 1880, the Lehigh Telegraph Company was organized and formed connection with Reading. The line passed through several hands. Now it is known as the Postal Telegraph Cable Company. It has at Reading 20 miles-of wire, 3 operators, 6 messengers, and transmits and receives 100,000 messages an- nually. IRON INDUSTRIES. 175 Third and Fourth streets and extends from Buttonwood street to the Lebanon Valley railroad. The works are equipped with the Most improved modern machinery for the manufacture of all kinds of bolts, nuts, washers, lag-screws, Harvey-Grip railroad track bolts, boiler and structural rivets, and merchant bar iron and steel. The rolling mills are equipped with five trains of three-high rolls, with six heating furnaces, whose annual capac- ity is 35,000 tons of rolled iron and steel, embracing all sizes of rounds and squares. The forge is equipped with power ham- mers, upsetting, punching, drilling, bending and forming ma- chines to manufacture iron for bridges, buildings, cars and agri- cultural implements. The products have been awarded first prizes at different exhibitions for superior excellence of material and workmanship; and they are supplied to all parts of the coun- try. At present the works give steady employment to over seven hundred and fifty men. The business is carried on under the name of J. H. Sternbergh & Son. National Bolt and Nut (Vorks.—This enterprise was incor- porated in 1890 to manufacture bolts, nuts, rivets and rods for bridges and buildings. The trade extends throughout the United States and to foreign countries. The plant is in North Reading, and includes fifteen acres of land. Hands employed, 300; capital, $300,000. Officers: C. W. Wilhelm, pres.; \W. S. Davis, treas.; H. J. Hayden, manager. Auburn Bolt & Nut Works.—In 1887 a bolt and nut works was established at Auburn, Schuylkill county, by an incorporated company for the manufacture of car-links, pins, boilers, rivets and bar-iron, and operated by Daniel J. Driscoll, of Reading, from that time until October, 1896. He employed 8o hands, and produced annually 2,000 tons which was shipped to all parts of the United States. Investment, $30,000. Thena company was organized, the plant extended, the capital increased to $75,000, and the machinery changed for the manufacture of hollow billets. These billets are converted into cold-drawn seamless steel tubing for boilers, bicycles, etc., and shipped to all parts of the world. Employees, roo. This enterprise must be included with the Reading industries, because it is controlled by Reading parties and capital. Officers: H.C. England,pres. ; John R. Morrison, sec’y.; and Daniel J. Driscoll, treas. and manager. 176 HISTORY OF READING. West Reading Boiler Works.—In 1870 Enos M. Reazor be- gan the manufacture of boilers on Canal street below Pine, and carried on the business until 1873, when Harry McCoy became a partner, and they traded under the name of Reazor & McCoy. The establishment was then removed to the foot of Chestnut street. They employed from 30 to 4o hands, and their annual product amounted to $60,000. The firm continued until 1878, when it was re-organized by the withdrawal of Mr. McCoy and the introduction of Wilson J. Sterling, Daniel Weidner and Winfield S. Reazor as partners, who traded under the name of Sterling, Weidner & Co. This firm existed for ten years, em- ploying the same number of hands, and doing the same volume of business. Then Daniel Weidner, David H. Fox and Thomas KX. Dalzell carried on the business until 1894, when Mr. Dalzell became the sole proprietor, and he has carried on the establish- ment until the present time. Investment, $30,000; employees, 40; annual product, $60,000. Penn Botler |lorks.—In 1883 George C. Wilson and Hiram P. Yeager established the Penn Boiler Works at Front and Pine streets, for the manufacture of steam boilers, tanks, oil stills, pipes for brass furnaces, stacks, etc., and they have carried on the same until now. They employ 20 men and their trade ex- tends throughout the country. Investment, $8, 500. Carpenter Steel Co.—This company was incorporated in 1880, under the laws of New Jersey, for the manufacture of armor- piercing projectiles at Reading chiefly for the United States gov- ernment, and the principal parties of this’ great enterprise were Dr. John C. Barren, George B. Newton, R. W. Hawkesworth, H. M. Hawkesworth, and James H. Carpenter. They pur- chased the Union Foundry property at the foot of Exeter street along the Pennsylvania Railroad (which had been carried on at that place from 1872 to 1885), and they then built a superior establishment to answer the demands of their undertaking. The company acquired in that year the American rights to manufacture shells after the then most approved European methods, and from that time they have been experimenting. The Carpenter projectile now stands at the head of the list for unsurpassed record in the penetration of the finest nickel-steel face-hardened armor that has yet been pro- duced. In 1890 they began supplying experimental orders and IRON INDUSTRIES. 177 since then they have delivered to the United States government many thousands of projectiles, ranging in diameter from 4 inches to 13 inches and weighing from a few pounds to half a ton. Though the manufacture of shells has been the most important business, the company has been developing a constantly increas- ing market for tool and die steels,especially adapted for severe work and great endurance. Their principal office is in New York city. They have sales offices and ware-houses in New York city, Boston, Chicago, Toledo, and St. Louis. This great establishment has contributed a great deal towards popularizing Reading as an industrial centre all over the world. Over 500 hands are employed, whose annual wages exceed $200,000. Officers: John C. Barren, pres.; H. M. Hawkesworth, vice pres ; Lewis Gregory, sec. and treas. Diamond Steel Co.—Walter Steel, of Sheffield, England, came to Reading in 1891. After having been connected with the Carpenter Steel Co. until 1893, he associated with Cornelius K. Rothenberger for the purpose of manufacturing steel, and they together erected a plant on Bern street, adjoining the Schuylkill and Lehigh R. R. They had an investment of $16,000, employed 16 hands, and produced crucible steel which was shipped to the New England states. Edwin Sassaman be- coming a partner, they then traded under ithe name of Dia- mond Steel Works; enlarged the plant to an investment of $50,000; employed from 40 to 50 hands, and carried on the es- tablishment until 1895, when they incorported a company under the name of Diamond Steel Co., with a capital of $100,000. They doubled the capacity of the plant, employed 120 hands, and their monthly sales amounted to $13,000. They suspended operations in 1896. The plant is now operated by the Carpen- ter Steel Co. Schmehl Mill- Wright Shop.—In 1870 Elias B. Schmehl be- gan manufacturing mill stones and flour mill machinery. He carried on the business until 1895, when he transferred it to his -son Heber. The factory has been at 154 Court street since 1882. The mill stones have been supplied from Bowmansville, Lancaster county. He employs from 6 to 9 hands. His trade is mostly local. Annual product, $7,000; investment, $5,000. 178 HISTORY OF READING. Chantrell Tool Co.—This company was organized in 1888, (being named after John Chantrell, an Englishman, who de- signed certain improved tools) and the business was conducted successfully on Seventh street near Chestnut for several years, when the plant was removed to Millmont where a large brick building was erected to meet the demands of increasing trade. The company manufactures bit braces, screw drivers, bicycle chains, nail pullers, and specialties. Employees, 200; capital, $100,000. The productions are shipped to all parts of the world. George S. Pomeroy is pres.; Josiah Dives, sec. and treas.; M. J. Poindexter, gen. manager. Wilkinson Shear Co.—In 1895 the Wilkinson Shear Co. was incorporated by Cyrus G. Derr, John M. Archer, Charles S. Prizer, J. H. Cheetham, Henry Eppihimer and others, with a capital of $20,000, for the manufacture of sheep, horse, grass and hedge shears and they have continued the business success- fully at Ninth and Bingaman streets until now. They employ from 15 to 20 hands and ship their products to all parts of the United States. Officers: D. P Harris, pres.; John M. Archer, treas.; J. W. Wilkinson, supt. Boss Knitting Alachine Works.—J. L. Eck began making cotton hosiery with machinery at Kutztown in 1880. While so engaged he added various improvements, the first in 1889, and five afterwards, for which patents were issued. In 1891 he re- moved to Reading and directed his attention to the making of knitting machines. The business was carried on by Jairus Kutz and Ellen Diefenderfer under the name of the Boss Knitting Machine Works at Seventh and Walnut streets until 1898 when they removed into a three-story brick factory at Elm and Reed streets. They manufacture ‘‘The new improved 15-16 Auto- matic and Plain Seamless’’ machines; employ 35 men, and turn out from 15 to 20 machines a week, which are sent to all parts of the United States. Investment, $10,000. Textile Machine Works.—In 1892 Ferdinand Thun and Henry Janssen came from New York to Reading and started the manufacture of textile machinery at 224 Cedar street for making braids and dress trimmings and also electric wires and cables. In 1896 they removed their plant to a brick building at Wyo- missing along the Lebanon Valley R. R., which they erected to IRON INDUSTRIES. 179 meet the increasing demands of their trade. They employ 55 hands and their production amounts to $50,000 annually which is shipped to all parts of the country. Investment, $35,000; annual wages, $15,000. This is the only firm in the United States that makes this class of machinery a specialty. Remppis fron \Vorks.—In 1885 William F. Remppis began manufacturing ornamental iron work near the Lancaster Bridge on River street in a small frame building, and the business was increased to such an extent by 1892, that a large brick building was erected. The plant burned down in 1896, but it was im- mediately rebuilt, much enlarged and improved. He turns out all kinds of builders’, plain and ornamental iron work, fire es- capes, stairs, elevator enclosures, railings, crestings, window- guards, grill work, etc. He employs from 35 to 50 men. In- vestment, $30,000; annual wages, $20,000. His trade extends throughout Eastern Pennsylvania. (See page 109.) Spetdel [ron IWorks.—In 1883 David Greth started a ma- chine shop at Bingaman and Orange streets. In 1884 he sold the business to Frederick Gerhart and Mahlon Shaaber, who carried on the same until 1888. They then transferred the plant to J. G. Speidel who immediately enlarged the place and ex- tended the business to the manufacture of tramways, elevators and hoisting machinery. He continued there until 1892, when he removed to 809 Cherry street, to increase his facilities for turning out orders. For two years H. P. Roeper was a partner. In 1896 they dissolved and he established a works at 233 South Eighth street, which he equipped with new machinery for making the articles named and also traveling cranes and fire escapes. He fills orders from all parts of the United States and some from foreign countries. Investment, $15,000; employees, 12 to 15; annual product, $25,000. Reading Crane & Hoist Works.—Atter Speidel & Roeper dissolved partnership in 1896, H. P. Roeper remained at 809 Cherry street for one year, then transferred his establishment to Tenth and Bern streets, and took the name given. He man- ufactures traveling cranes, overhead tramways and chain tack- ling blocks, and ships his productions to all parts of the world. Investment, $16,000; employees, 20; wages, $8,000; product, $25,000. 180 HISTORY OF READING. Kiefer [ron WWorks.—In 1895 William L. Kiefer started man- uiacturing ornamental wrought iron work of all kinds, such as fencing, railing, gates, grates, guards, gratings, fire escapes and iron stairs. His shop is at Fourth and Cherry streets, and he employs from 5 to to hands. His work is forwarded to differ- ent parts of Eastern Pennsylvania. File Cutting.—The first factory at Reading for the manufac- ture of files and rasps of all kinds and sizes was established by Charles Stephen and his son Charles in 1866 at Eleventh and Buttonwood streets. They carried on the business until 1873, when the son died and another son Frederick succeeded him. The factory was conducted by them until 1882, when the son retired and the father operated it alone until 1889. He was a native of Baden, Germany, and came to Reading from Chi- cagoin 1866. The product of the factory amounted to $10,000 a year, and afforded in busy times employment to 10 and 12 hands. The firm made all the files used by the P. & R. R. Co., sending to the company a wagon load at a time. File-making was a very early industry in Cumruand Robeson townships, but no factory for the production of files was carried on at Reading until 1866. frees Factory.—John E. Frees removed from near Mohns- ville to Reading in 1885, and then began manufacturing all kinds of files and rasps. He employs 2 hands, and his annual production amounts to $1,500. His trade is mostly local for supplying the shops, though he fills orders from distant places in Pennsylvania. His factory is on Bingaman street above Eighth. Itis the only one of the kind at Reading. Lock-.Making.—The making of wrought iron door locks was one of the early industries of Reading. At first they were made by blacksmiths, who were expert workmen and capable ot fashioning iron into almost any shape, and continued to be for many years. The most prominent and distinctive locksmith at Reading from 1825 to 1873 was John Miller, having been en- gaged during that long period at 932 Penn street. He came from Lancaster where he learned the trade. He was a superior mechanic and his locks were in great demand. Before 1860 he employed from 6 to 10 men, and when he had manufactured a large stock on hand, the men would carry them in bags on foot JEWELRY. 181 through Berks and the surrounding counties, and dispose of them to the store-keepers. Besides locks, he also made strap hinges, turn-buckles, shutter-bolts, etc. Another prominent locksmith from 1835 to 1850 was John Mellert. He emigrated from Germany in 1835 and, settling at Reading, he began making locks and wrought iron work. He supplied the locks for the Court House at Sixth and Court streets. The next of prominence was Louis Neudoerffer, who began in 1859 at 428 Court street and continued in the business until his death in 1884, when he was succeeded by his son Frederick. In his time, the cast-iron door lock was largely substituted, and on that account his attention was directed chiefly to iron railings and fencing. The son continued the business at the same place. He is recognized as an expert on safe locks. The wrought iron lock is no longer made for general use in buildings. The hardware works have come to displace the lock- smith entirely. Chain-.Vaking.—About 1836 Nicholas Rapp, an experienced German blacksmith, emigrated from Bingen-on-the-Rhine to Reading, and began the manufacture of chains of all kinds to supply the trade at the hardware stores, and for a time for the Johnson Car Works. He continued in this branch of industry for fifty years, and during his time was the only one at Reading. He died in 1892. Several chain-makers attempted to carry on the business since then but they were obliged to suspend opera- tions on account of the cheaper price of machine-made chains. JEWELRY. The jewelers at Reading always manufactured various articles, but almost entirely to order, and they were mostly dealers. After members of different secret societies began to make fre- quent demands for badges, charms and emblems of various de- signs, the business of manufacturing them was established. Thomas W. Sweney was the first to engage in it extensively, having started about 1865 and continued until now. Willson Factory.—Thomas A. Willson opened a jewelry store at 524 Penn square in 1868, and in connection with it car- ried on a department for manufacturing society marks and also 182 HISTORY OF READING. spectacles. In 1871 he erected a spectacle factory and in 1872 directed his entire attention to it, transferring the jewelry busi- ness to his father Giles J. Willson and an employee, G. A. Schlechter, who traded as Willson & Schlechter until 1880, Then Charles G. Willson and George W. Clous succeeded Schlechter and the firm name was changed to Willsons & Clous. In 1887 Charles G. Willson became the sole owner and he has carried on the business successfully ever since. He em- ploys 7 hands and manufactures all kinds of secret society marks and charms as a specialty, which he sends to all parts of the United States. Schlechter Factory.—G. A. Schlechter was engaged as a jeweler with several parties from 1870 to 1890; then, besides carrying on a store, began to make numerous badges, charms, rings, etc., which he forwarded to all parts of the United States, and he has continued until now, employing generally 6 hands. He has been established at Sixth and Penn streets since 1882. Anderson Factory.—In 1886 C. T. Anderson started making sulphur jewelry, consisting of rings, pins, badges and charms, and he has conducted the business quite extensively, employing 6 hands and shipping his goods to all parts of the United States. There are altogether twenty-five jewelers at Reading, but they are mostly dealers or manufacture goods to order for local trade. The factories mentioned are most extensively engaged in the business. LAUNDRIES. General laundry work was begun at Reading in 1875 by Charles Ruth. He was engaged in the business for a short time when Soloman Hirshland and H. W. Adams became his successors. Hop Lee, a Chinaman, started about 1880. Joseph W. Auchenbach began the first steam laundry in 1879 on Sev- enth street near Cherry, and carried it on several years. Excelsior Laundry.—In 1884 Charles E. and Morgan O. Witman, brothers, established the first extensive steam laundry at 139 Pearl street. Their business grew so rapidly that in sev- eral years they removed to Sixth and Franklin streets where they fitted up a large establishment. They located sixty offices for the collection and distribution of articles in Reading and elsewhere. It was named the Excelsior Laundry. In 1892 LAUNDRIES. 183 Raphael Austrian became the purchaser and he operated it until his decease in 1897 with Samuel E. Willits as a partner for several years. He was succeeded by Samuel Tinkler, who em- ploys 25 hands and has fifty offices, mostly at Reading. Penn Troy Laundry.—William Y. and Frederick A. Schmucker established the Penn Troy laundry at the southeast corner of Washington and Ash street in 1892. It is the largest laundry at Reading. The building is equipped with the most improved machinery, including a large ironing machine that weighs nine tons. A specialty is made of hotel and flat work. They employ from 50 to 75 persons, and have seventy-five agencies distributed throughout the city. Reading Laundry was started by Annette Tounelier in 1880 with 7 hands. She conducted it until 1883 when she married Lewis C. Stringer, by whom it has been operated since. In 1895 it was removed to 527!2 Penn square. He employs 26 hands; also 3 teams for delivering articles in all parts of Read- ing. Considerable orders are shipped to different parts of Berks county. City Laundry was started in 1893 by Wesley K. Loose at Seventh and Court streets. He employs to hands and 1 team for delivering articles in all parts of Reading. He executes large orders of new work for shirt manufacturers. Snow Flake Laundry.—John W. H. Harpst started the “‘snow flake’’ laundry at 308 North Ninth street in 1896. Em- ploys 8 hands and 2 teams for custom work at Reading. Model Laundry.—In April, 1897, Frank C. Stringer started the model laundry at 220 Washington street, and in April, 1898, removed to 144 Rose street. He employs 12 hands and 2 delivery teams for trade at Reading. There are altogether fifteen establishments. Six of them are carried on by Chinamen. LEATHER. Kerper Tannery.—In 1763 Daniel Levan established on Sixth street near Chestnut, one of the largest tanneries then in Penn- sylvania. It had fifty vats. During the Revolutionary war the establishment was one of the most prominent industries at Reading. It was carried on by him until 1801, and afterward by his sons Isaac and Daniel until 1808, when John Dieffen- 184 HISTORY OF READING. bach became the owner, who operated it until 1825. The suc- ceeding owners were Abraham Kerper from 1825 to 1857, and his son Henry from 1857 to 1885, when it was discontinued. Fichthorn Tannery.—Charles Fichthorn erected a two-story brick tannery on Chestnut street above Second about 1847, and with his brother William carried on the business until his death in 1853. They employed 12 hands and their annual business amounted to $50,000. Then William Fichthorn, Andrew Fich- thorn, Adam Fasig and Joseph Henry formed a co-partnership, trading as Fichthorn, Fasig & Co., and they became the owners and operated the plant until 1861. Andrew Fichthorn and his nephew Andrew purchased the tannery in that year and con- ducted the business successfully for seven years. Henry Kerper then purchased the property and carried on the business until 1886, when Oscar H. Haubner and William J. Heller, trading as Haubner & Heller, leased the plant and they have operated it since. They also carried on a plant at River and Hockley streets from 1891 to 1898. They employ 20 hands, and manu- facture annually 35,000 oak-tanned calf skins, worth $90,000, which are sold in all parts of the country, but mostly at New York. Htnter G& Goetz Tannery.—In 1869 Anthony Blatz and Ferdinand Winter began the manufacture of calf and kid skins in fancy colors for gloves, shoes, suspenders, and actors’ wear in a small factory at the foot of Jefferson street adjoining the Schuylkill canal, and they carried on the business under the name of Blatz & Winter until 1875. They employed from 6 to 8 hands and their product was shipped to New York and Boston. Then Mr. Blatz retired and Ferdinand Goetz took his place, the firm name becoming Winter & Goetz. The business was gradually increased until the construction of the Schuylkill Valley R. R. in 1883 caused the plant to be removed, and the firm then purchased the planing mill property at the foot of Pine street adjoining the canal. They made the necessary alterations and built a large addition. In 1885 they employed 44 hands and had invested $60,000; now they employ from 70 to 100 hands and have a much larger investment. They estab- lished a store at New York in 1885 for the sale of their skins, which are shipped from there to all parts of the world. The MALT. 185 hides are purchased from importers who procure them from Arabia, Africa and Brazil. The firm also obtain large quantities of sheep and calf skins from the surrounding counties. Tiehel Tannery.—In 1892 Franz Tiehel and his son Charles began a tannery at 36 Hamilton street for kid leather. They obtain the sheep and calf hides from the vicinity of Reading and produce weekly 75 dozen of fine skins which are sold at their store in New York city. Investment, $12,000; employees, 10; annual wages, $5,000; and product, $55,000. Other tanneries worthy of mention, operated for many years, but discontinued, were Manderbach’s, (Second and Chestnut streets); Winter’s, (opposite corner); Connard’s, (Franklin street and Perkiomen avenue); and DeLong’s, (Ninth and Muhlenberg streets. ) MALT, In 1863 Frederick Schuldt and Moses K. Graeff began the business of making mait in large quantities, establishing a large malt-house along the P. & R. railroad below Muhlenberg street. They traded under the name of Schuldt & Graeff until 1867, when Mr. Schuldt retired, and Mr. Graeff carried on the busi- ness until 1895, when he discontinued it. The annual product amounted to $75,000, which was shipped mostly to Philadel- phia, Newark and Elizabeth. Mr. Schuldt started another plant in 1876 on Orange street near Chestnut and made malt there for six years. Walton K. Hagy and Benjamin Pott carried on a malt-house on Third street near Elin from 1882 to 1891, when the Reading Malt Co., limited, was organized by Mr. Hagy and Frank P. Lauer. They employ 6 hands and produce annually from 60,000 to 80,000 bushels which are sold to brewers in different parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. P. Barbey & Son began manufacturing malt in their brewing establishment for their own consumption in 1885, and they have continued until now, employing during the winter season 9 hands. Most of the malt used here is manufactured elsewhere, the brewers requiring large quantities as evidenced by the great production of malt liquors. 186 HISTORY OF READING. MARBLE, SAND-STONE AND GRANITE WORKS, Moers Marble Yard.—J. Frederick Moers started a marble yard at 214 Penn street in 1790, and carried on the business of manufacturing grave-markers, headstones and general cemetery work until his decease in 1816. He was succeeded by bis son John F. Moers, and the business was carried on by him until his death in 1861, when the present proprietor, J. Frederick Moers, a grand-son, became the owner. This is the oldest marble yard at Reading, having been at the same location for more than 100 years. There are eight marble yards at Reading for supplying grave- markers, monuments, &c. Eben Sand-stone Works.—About 1850 Ferdinand Behm started a sand-stone yard for cutting all kinds of building stones at Sixth and Spruce streets. He was succeeded by John Dinkel who carried on the place until 1870, when Christian Eben be- came the purchaser, and he located there, after having con- ducted a similar yard on Sixth street above Chestnut since 1854. He continued operations quite extensively until his decease in 1890, when his sons Frank W. and William succeeded him. They traded as F. W. Eben & Bro. and carried on the works successfully until April 1, 1898, when they removed to Second and Franklin streets. They have employed from 40 to 80 hands, and their annual operations amounted to $25,000 and upwards. Getz Marble Works.—In 1873 Hiram S. Getz and his son James K. began sawing marble at Spruce and Canal streets, carrying on the business under the name of H. K. Getz & Son, They employed 7 hands and the annual business amounted to $35,000; their trade having then been confined to Pennsylvania. In 1881 they removed to the foot of Second street, on Canal, enlarging the plant and introducing new machinery. In 1886 Hiram S. Getz died, and his son Hiram K. was substituted in his stead, the firm then trading as H. S. Getz’s Sons. Their works are equipped with the most improved machinery. Em- ployees, 20; annual business, $125,000. The trade now ex- tends throughout the Middle States. The greater proportion of the marble sawed by them is imported from Carrara, Italy, and the balance is obtained from this country. MATTRESSES. 187 Eiisenbrown Granite VWorks.—In 1875 P. F. Eisenbrown located at Reading and started a marble and granite works at Sixth and Elm streets. After carrying on the business until 1889 he formed a partnership with his sons Harry W., Charles S., and George F., and also J. B. Faust, who have traded since then under the name of P. F. Eisenbrown, Sons & Co. Many fine monuments are made out of granite and marble, and gran- ite fronts for large structures are erected in all parts of Pennsyl- vania. Investment, $50,000; employees, 35. Reading Granile Works.—John P. Dauth and G. A. Deemer opened a granite quarry in Cumru township in 1895 for the manufacture of paving blocks, curbing and building stones. Investment, $4,000; employees, 20. Their product amounts to $12,000, which is shipped to different parts of the country. Miller Stone IVorks.—In 1892 August Haisch and Daniel Miller started an establishment at Washington and Pear streets for turning out building stone work with steam power, employ- ing six hands. Haisch died in 1896 and Miller became the owner. He employs 12 hands. MATTRESSES. All the furniture dealers make mattresses and couches, and carry on upholstering in connection with their business, having always done so, but they do not employ men for mattresses alone. There is one factory at Reading for this product. Hodges Factory.—In 1896 Fred G. Hodges came from Wil- mington, Del., and located in Reading for the purpose of carry- ing on the manufacture of mattresses, in connection with a similar factory at Wilmington. He employs from 4 to 8 hands and produces about 5,000 mattresses annually, which are shipped to different parts of Eastern Pennsylvania. METALLIC COKNICES. Hain Works.—In 1872 A. J. Geissinger and Wm. T. Hain began manufacturing metallic cornice and ornamental work for churches, public buildings and dwellings at 827 Penn street. This consisted of copper and galvanized iron fronts, cornices, ceilings, finials, weather vanes, ventilators, &c. In 1873 Mr. Hain became sole owner, since which time he has conducted the place. His work is delivered to all parts of Pennsylvania. Employees, 8; wages, $5,000; product, $20,000. 188 HISTORY OF READING. Yeager lVorks.—In 1886 William B. Yeager and E. L. Gar- yerich established a general cornice works at Eighth and Chest- nut streets for manufacturing all kinds of ornamental and archi- tectural metal work for dwellings, stores and public buildings. In 1891 Mr. Yeager became the sole proprietor. He fills orders from different parts of Eastern Pennsylvania. Employ- ees, from 5 to 10; wages, $3,000; investment, $3,000; product, $8,000. HHafer Works.—In 1893 James D, Hafer began making all kinds of architectural metal work. His place is at 1046 North Eighth street. Employees, 7; wages, $2,500; product, $10,000, which is sent to different parts of Eastern Pennsylvania. OIL. Atlantic Refining Co.—In 1881 William S. Miller and Sam- ‘uel R. Kerper, trading as the Reading Oil Co., carried on the business of refining oil at Reading until 1885, when they trans- ferred the same to the Acme Oil Co. In 1892 the Atlantic Re- fining Co. became the owner and this company has carried it on until the present time. Reading is the central station for this company, which has thirty-three sub-stations in Eastern Penn- sylvania, Western New Jersey and Northern Maryland. Em- ployees, 28; production, all the different grades of naphtha gasolines, refined oils, lubricating oils and greases, paraffine wax and candles. There is a large storage capacity at each of the sub-stations, but Reading is the general office to which re- ports are made daily. Henry S. Comstock has been the man- ager since 1888. Officers: James McGee, pres.; C. E. Bush- nell, sec. and treas. OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. Reid IWVorks.—Philip S. Reid and J. Ernest Reid, after hav- ing been employed for some years at Philadelphia as opticians, located at Reading, and organized the Standard Optical Co. in 1892 for the manufacture of opthalmascopes, trial frames, peri- meters, pupilometers, retinvscopes, etc. at 132 Church street, and they have continued the business successfully until the present time. They started with 3 hands, now employ 13. Their productions are disposed of in all the large cities of the United States, being used principally by the students in the ORGANS AND PIANOS. 189 different medical colleges. Their place is equipped with superior machinery, equal to that for the manufacture of the finest watches. ORGANS AND PIANOS. Bohler Factory.—Daniel Bohler was engaged in the manufac- ture of organs at Reading from 1820 for over 30 years, and his son Samuel afterward for fifty years. Both supplied organs for churches in the country districts in Berks and the surrounding counties, which were reputed to be superior in character. The latter died in 1896, his last factory having been on Bingaman street near Tenth. He was succeeded by Gideon S. Jefferies, January, 1896, who continued the factory until June, 1897. He employed from 8 to 12 hands and made 15 pipe organs a year. Schoener Factory.—John B. Schoener carried on the piano- forte business at Reading from 1838 to 1870, and lived in retire- ment afterward, until January, 1898, when he died. He had worked at cabinet-making for 12 years, having learned his trade under William Weimer. His pianos were sold to different parts of Pennsylvania, but mostly in Philadelphia to dealers. They were square and all hand-made. He employed from 5 to 9 hands and made 15 pianos a year. Selling pianos on the in- stallment plan by large dealers obliged him to discontinue. It is reported that a party at Reading preferred to buy an instru- ment of this nature at Philadelphia. Some time afterward it required repairs, and the owner was obliged to call on Mr. Schoener to remedy the difficulty. The maker (Mr. Schoener) recognized his handiwork, but the owner denied it, saying the instrument was made at Philadelphia, whereupon the lid was raised and Mr. Schoener pointed out his name in plain letters. PAINT. Withelm Works.--Aaron Wilhelm began the manufacture of paint at Easton, Pa., in 1857, and continued the business there until 1871, when he removed to Reading. His brother William H. was then associated with him under the name of A. Wilhelm & Bro., and they continued the business until 1878, when William H. retired and Walter S. Davis was admitted in his stead. From that time the firm traded as A. Wilhelm & Co. In 1889 Igo HISTORY OF READING. Aaron Wilhelm died and a company was incorporated under the name of ‘‘The A. Wilhelm Co.’”’ of which Charles W. Wilhelm became president and Walter S. Davis, sec. and treas., they serving these positions until the present time. They manufac- ture paints of every description which are shipped to all parts of the country through distributing houses at Boston, Baltimore, Buffalo and Pittsburg. The establishment is situated on Poplar street beyond Walnut and comprises the largest paint enterprise in Pennsylvania outside of Philadelphia. Ruth Works.—B, Frank Ruth was employed in the Wilhelm works from 1873 to 1884, when he organized a company for the manufacture of paints of all kinds, fillers for wood and iron, varnishes, japans, putty, &c., consisting of himself, C. Edward Hecht and Edward Scull. They traded as B. F. Ruth & Co. and established a mill at 229 South Eighth street. They car- ried on the business until 1894, when the mill was removed to 210 South Eighth street, where larger facilities were provided and Mr. Ruth became the sole owner. His productions are for- warded to all parts of the United States. Employees, 10; in- vestment, $30,000. Jackson & Hitt Works.—In 1896 Henry H. Jackson and Jenkin Hill formed a co-partnership, trading as Jackson & Hill, for making paints, etc. They purchased the establishment of Morgan-Ruth-Mohr Paint Co., which had been carried on at Eleventh and Muhlenberg streets since 1890, and removed it to 810 Windsor street where they erected a large three-story brick building and equipped it with improved machinery. They em- ploy 11 men, and manufacture paints of all shades, putty, oils, varnishes and japans. Their trade is mostly of a local character. Morgan Works.—In 1887 F. H. Morgan, after being in the employ of the Wilhelm works for some years, began the manu- facture of paints in a limited way in connection with James Ruth on Court street above Second, and in 1890 William G. Moore became associated with them. They located the works at Eleventh and Muhlenberg streets and carried on the same ex- tensively. In 1896 H. H. Jackson and Jenkin Hill became the purchasers, when Mr. Morgan established a place for himself at 122 Wood street. PAPER. I9I PAPER. The Reading Paper Mills is a corporation organized in 1886 with a capital of $300,000, for the purpose of operating three superior mills in the manufacture of fine book and plate paper. The following sketch embraces the important facts of the three establishments. Penn Street Afill.—In 1841 Philip Bushong, a prominent and successful distiller, moved from Reamstown to Reading, pur- chased a large brick building at the foot of Court street on the west side of Front (which had been occupied for several years previously as a machine shop) and converted it into a distillery. He carried on the business of distilling whisky there until 1865, when he substituted the manufacture of paper, equipping the building with the nécessary machinery for that purpose. He died in 1868. The mill was then carried on for several years by his son George and his son-in-law Alexander Jacobs for the estate, and afterwards by his sons Jacob and Henry until 1887, when it was sold to the corporation named. Packerack Mill.—In 1838 Asa Packer and Robert W. Packer purchased a large lot of ground at the foot of Bingaman street adjoining the Schuylkill canal from Daniel Seiders, a boat builder, and erected thereon a large warehouse for storing mer- chandise in connection with operating boats on the canal. In 1853 the premises were sold to George R. Frill, who then con- verted the building into a large grist mill, and he and Solomon Brubaker carried on the milling business until 1872, when it was sold to Jacob Bushong, Henry Bushong and George B, Con- nard, and changed into a paper mill. This mill was then oper- ated by Mr. Connard for some years, and afterwards by him, Christopher Loeser and James Symington, trading as the Read- ing Paper Co. until 1882, when George F Baer became the owner; and after the organization of the Reading Paper Mills, it was conveyed to the corporation. The building was enlarged and improved, and subsequently an addition was built to it to supply a department for coating paper. Tulpehocken Mill.—Samuel Bell owned and operated a grist mill at the mouth of the Tulpehocken creek, in Bern township, for a number of years, and subsequently until 1866 it was known as the Kissinger mill. Then Benjamin F. Schwartz and Ig2 HISTORY OF READING. William H. Schwartz became the owners. They converted it into a paper mill, and carried on the manufacture of paper for two years. George W Bushong then purchased the mill and operated it successfully until 1876, producing a superior grade of paper which had a wide reputation and came to be known in the market as the ‘‘Bushong Paper.’’ The mill was afterwards operated by different parties until 1882, when George F. Baer became the owner, and in 1887 he conveyed it with the two mills mentioned to the Reading Paper Mills. The three mills have been operated by the corporation named very successfully for the past 10 years; the Penn Street Mill producing fine book and plate papers; the Packerack Mill, book and coated papers; and the Tulpehocken Mill, manilla paper exclusively. The product of the first two mills has been dis- posed of principally to publishers and lthographers in the United States for fine book work; and of the last in the United States and England for making sand paper. All of them have been running night and day and have given steady employment to 150 persons. Officers: George F. Baer, pres.; Thomas O. Yarrington, Jr., sec.; and Chester A. Bushong, treas. PAPER BAGS. Flercules Factory.—In 1891 the Hercules Paper Bag Co. was organized by C. K. Hillegass, H. H. Hillegass, O..-W. Sabold and J. W. Covert for the manufacture of paper bags. They located at Canal and Chestnut streets, beginning with seven hands and two machines, and a daily capacity of 250,000 bags. The business improving, they built several extensions to the factory and added five more machines, increasing the daily capacity of the plant to 1,000,000 bags. They manufacture eight different kinds for groceries, confectionery, shirts, shirt- waists, cigars and tobacco. The product is shipped mostly to all parts of the United States; some is exported to foreign countries. The quantity of paper consumed daily is 5 tons; employees, 25; annual wages, $15,000; business, $110,000. Miller Factory.—William K. Miller began making flour sacks in 1880. He has continued in this business until now, making exclusively flour sacks out of rope stock. The annual pro- duction is 400,000, including all sizes. He has been in the Yocom building since its erection in 1893. Employees, 3. PHOTOGRAPHS, 193 PATTERNS. Madlem Shop.—The making of patterns at Reading has been carried on almost entirely in connection with foundries. No pattern-maker established a shop especially as a business and carried it on for any time until Daniel Madlem started one in 1889. He has been occupied at making patterns since 1865, and at Reading since 1874. He makes patterns of all kinds and employs from 1 to 3 hands. His place is at 46 Madison avenue, having been there since 1889. PERFUMERY. Perfumeries of various kinds have been made for some years in large quantities by John B. Raser and Albert R. Durham, druggists, in connection with operating drug stores, which they have shipped to different parts of the country, but there is only one distinctive manufacturer of perfumery at Reading. Gustave Poujol emigrated from Paris in 1868, and after re- maining at New York several years settled at Reading. Hehas been engaged in the manufacture of perfumeries here since then selling his production through interior Pennsylvania. PHOTOGRAPHS. The first likenesses of persons by a mechanical process in the history of Reading were taken in 1841 by John H. Scott, of Philadelphia, after he had located here. They were daguerreo- type in style. To obtain a correct likeness, the person was obliged to sit forty seconds. The cost of a copy was $3.50. An artist named Salini succeeded Scott in taking this style, and he continued until about 1846. Charles L. Phillippi succeeded Salini. He made the first likenesses here by the photographic process in 1846, and continued in business until 1865, when he removed to Philadelphia. Howard & Maurer located in the Jameson building at Sixth and Penn streets about 1852, and they carried on the business in the second and third stories for many years. The most prominent photographers at Reading before 1870 were the parties named, and George W. Patton, John Lee, William K. Leaman, William H. Dietrich and Thomas Taylor; and those afterward who have been in the business for many 194 HISTORY OF READING. years are Charles A. Saylor, Frederick Yeager, Edward E. Hafer, John D. Strunk, John S. Fritz and William I. Goldman. Mr. Hafer took the photographs from which the illustrations in this compilation were produced. PAINTINGS. Certain artists painted portraits and scenic pictures at Read- ing between 1820 and 1870, and gained through their superior productions a high reputation. Their names were Genorino Persico, Jacob B. Schoener, James A. Benade, H. D. Torrey, F. D. Devlan, and Mrs. C. H. Townsend. Schoener was recognized as the finest miniature artist in the United States. He removed to Boston and died there. The names of those afterward until now, who have distin- guished themselves, are J. Heyl Raser, Amos Gable, Frederick Spang, Ben Austrian and Christopher Shearer, the last particu- larly having developed a national fame. PICTURE FRAMES AND GILDING. Woerner factory.—Godfrey Graeff, a German, came to Read- ing in 1858, and carried on the business of gilding and manu- facturing picture frames of all kinds. He continued until 1871. His place was at 635 Penn street. He was succeeded by Fran- cis Woerner, who has conducted the business until now. In- vestment, $6,000; employees, 3. Trade local. Rieger Factory.—Reinhard Rieger was employed with Mr. Woerner from 1874 to 1879, when he engaged in the business for himself. Investment, $8,000; employees, 3. Trade local. PLANING MILLS. The first planing mill for supplying building materials, such as doors, window frames, sashes and shutters, etc., was estab- lished about 1835 by Jacques V. Craig at Second and Cherry streets; and shortly afterward Levi J. Smith started a mill mostly for sawing timber and preparing floor-boards along the Canal near the foot of Washington street, which was subsequently operated for many years by Foos & Bingaman, builders. Eisenhower & Fink Mill.—Nathan M. Eisenhower was en- gaged asa builder before 1840. He carried on business for himself until 1845, when John Fink becameta partner, trading as Eisenhower & Fink. Their shop was on Wood street below PLANING MILLS. 195 Chestnut. They were general builders until 1847, when they started a planing mill, operating the machinery with horse power. They continued there until 1850, when they removed to Canal street at the foot of Pine, enlarging their capacity and substituting steam power for the machinery. During 1850 and 1851 they erected the Reading Cotton Mill, the St. James Luth- eran Church, the Keystone Hotel (now Hotel Penn) and twenty- two two-story brick dwelling houses, employing 30 carpenters and 25 laborers. In 1866 Amos Huyett became a partner, and then the firm name became Eisenhower, Fink & Co. They remained there until 1874, when they removed to the wadding mill on Spruce street below Third, increasing their capacity and employing go men. They had then the largest building con- tracts at Reading. Eisenhower died in 1877, when the firm name became Fink & Co. In 1894 Mr. Fink retired, anda company was incorporated under the name of Reading Planing Mill Co. This company carried on operations extensively until February, 1898, when it was discontinued. Shunk Aii.—William B. Hertzel after carrying on the busi- ness of builder and carpenter at Reading from 1835 to 1855, established a planing mill at Franklin and Carpenter streets and operated it until 1872, when he was succeeded by J. H. Cheet- ham. It was then run by Mr. Cheetham until 1883 with 20 employees and by Aaron C. Kline and Frederick Shunk until 1893, with 40 employees, when a company was organized, trading as F. Shunk Planing Mill Co. by which it has been carried on since. General mill work is done and the product is shipped throughout Berks and the surrounding counties. Investment, $25,000; annual product, $60,000; wages, $22,000. Gasser G& Johnson Afll.—George Gasser, Sr., came to Reading from Myerstown in 1869, and began a planing mill at Ninth and Green streets for all kinds of mill work. He named it the Northeastern Planing Mill, because it was situated in the northeast section of Reading. He died in 1887, when his son George and son-in-law John W. Johnson carried on the mill, trading as Gasser & Johnson. They manufacture all kinds of mill work and fill many contracts in large building operations. Investment, $40,000; employees, from 35 to 40; annual wages, $16,000; and annual product, $70,000. 196 HISTORY OF READING. Hampden Afill.—In 1886 Reber, Weinhold & Co. started doing planing mill work at 714 Court street, and the next year they located their factory at Oley and Locust streets. In 1888 the firm name was changed to Steely, Weinhold & Co., with Reily S. Steely, John H. Weinhold, Adam Bard and George W. Bard as partners. In 1889 the mill was burned down and immediately rebuilt. It was operated by the firm until April, 1898, when a company was incorporated under the name of Hampden Planing Mill Co. Investment, $20,000; employees, 25; product, all kinds of mill and cabinet work in different kinds of wood for local trade. Officers: George W. Bard, pres.; Levi R. Snyder, sec. and treas.; John H. Weinhold, supt. Central Jfill.—Herman F, L, Rummel started a planing mill at 234 Moss street in 1889 with 12 hands. He has operated the same until now, turning out all kinds of mill and cabinet work, in hard and soft woods. Investment, $40,000; employ- ees, 25; trade in Berks and surrounding counties. Florine Afii/.—In 1888 Paul C. Horine began general mill work and made cases in the Remppis Works with 3 hands. In 1891 he removed his plant to 234 South Eighth street, largely increasing its capacity, and employing from 16 to 25 hands. The mill is now operated by his father M. C. Horine. Invest- ment, $12,000; product is supplied to local builders and dealers. Evcelstor JJill.—In 1894 Joseph Hodge, A. S. Potteiger, Isaac Sherman and James W. Kerst associated together under the name of the Excelsior Planing Mill, Hodge & Co., for gen- eral planing mill work. They located at 133 Pearl street, and began with several hands. They have increased their business and extended their trade to distant places. Employees, 25 to 35; annual wages, $10,000; and product, $30,000. POTTERY. Shenfelder Pottery.—Daniel P. Shenfelder established a pot- tery at 329 Schuylkill avenue in 1862 for the manufacture of stone and earthen-ware of all kinds, and it has been carried on until now. The factory employs from 4 to to hands; amount invested, $8,000; and the preduct is disposed of at Reading and in the surrounding country districts. ROPES. 197 PULLEYS. Reading IVood Pulley Co.—In 1892 John C. Fiester designed a wood pulley and secured a patent. He organized a company and manufactured wood pulleys for a year, operating three machines and employing five men. In 1893 the Reading Wood Pulley Co. was organized and improvements were added to the pulley. The factory is at 247 Poplar street. Pulleys are made from 6 to 100 inches in diameter and from 3 to 24 inches in width. The largest thus far made in diameter was 14 feet and in width 44 inches. The product is shipped throughout the United States, also through South America and Europe. Men employed, 35; annual business, $21,000. This is the only factory of the kind at Reading. The company was incorpor- ated in 1893 with a capital of $25,000. Officers: D. F. Printz, pres.; J. C. Holloway, sec.; S. H. Fulmer, treas.; H. J. Glaser, manager. ROPES. Jackson Rope Factory.—The first rope walk was established at Reading in 1829 by Thomas Jackson, an Englishman, along the southerly side of the Schuylkill canal between the Lan- caster bridge and Jackson’s lock. He then employed 5 hands and manufactured all kinds of ropes and twines. Until 1850, he had developed his plant so as to employ from 15 to 20 hands. The superintendent of the Schuylkill canal, Samuel Griscom, patronized him extensively whereby he came to make nearly all the ropes for the company and for personal owners of boats. In 1850 the large freshet swept away his factory, and he located on First Hockley lane, between Eighth and Ninth streets (now beyond Greenwich street), transferring the plant from the ex- treme southern end of the city to the then extreme northern end. He erected a large 2-story building and continued to manufacture ropes and twines by hand-spinning. About 1862 his business increased very much and he then introduced ma- chinery, increasing the employees to 25. His rope-walk was built to the length of 1,450 feet. In 1875 hisson Henry H. was admitted as a partner, and from that time the business was con- ducted under the name of Thomas Jackson & Son. The senior partner died in 1878, when the entire plant became the property of Henry H. Jackson, but the firm name was 198 HISTORY OF READING. continued. |The business has been carried on very successfully until now. The works comprise three mills, and employ 150 hands. The productions are fine manilla, sisal and jute ropes and cordage, twines and packing yarns of different kinds, which are forwarded to all parts of the United States. This rope-walk has been the only establishment of its kind carried on at Reading. Other persons were engaged in the business of manufacturing ropes, cords and twines at different times, in a limited way, but it was previous to 1860. RUBBER TIRES. Penn Rubber Tire Co.—-In the beginning of 1897, rubber tires began to be introduced at Reading. A. H. Kretz and G. W. Biehl started a shop on Washington street above Poplar, for putting them on carriage wheels, trading as the Penn Rubber Tire Co. Shortly afterward, Robert T. Wetherhold embarked in the business with his father-in-law, J. A. Strohecker. They purchased the plant and have continued it since, supplying solid cushion and pneumatic rubber tires. They employ four hands. SHIRTS. The manufacture of shirts at Reading was begun by Samuel L. McCulloch about 1872. For a number of years he employed eight hands and disposed of large quantities, especially of the cheaper grades. Previously the demand was almost entirely supplied by stores; and many shirts were home-made. William Laramy carried on the business for a number of years. MMeGowan Factory.—Nathan N. Sprecher began making shirts extensively in 1876, and he continued until 1890, when he was succeeded by John G. McGowan. The factory has been at 530 Penn Square, at the rear of his gent’s furnishings’ store for some years until now. His production is shipped to all parts of the country. Investment, $15,000; employees, 9g; annual wages, $3,000; and product, $25,000. Brusstar Factory.—In 1880 James S. Brusstar and Albert C. Weile began manufacturing gent’s shirts of all kinds. They continued together fora year when Mr. Brusstar became sole owner. He operated the factory until January 1, 1898, employ- ing 35 hands and manufacturing 2,500 dozen annually which were sold in Pennsylvania and adjoining States. Then his son SHOES. 199 George and Henry M. Rettew became partners, with the firm trading as Jas. S. Brusstar & Co. The factory has been at 713 Penn street since 1881. Klawanski Factory.—In 1896 F. C. Klawanski started mak- ing men’s and boys’ shirts and overalls at 635 Penn street, and in 1897 removed to Eighth and Elm streets, when Julius Tcu- schert became a partner. Investment, $5,000; employees, 50; annual wages, $8,000; product, 8,000 dozen shirts and overalls which are disposed of in Reading and vicinity. Filbert Factory. ~Martin S. Filbert began making men’s shirts and ladies’ waists in 1897 for New York trade. Invest- ment, $2,500; employees, 32; wages, $4,500. Vm. Smith Factory.—Wm. M. Smith began in 1897. He manufactures men’s shirts and ladies’ waists, which are shipped to Philadelphia; employs 30 hands and operates 26 sewing machines. al. L. Smith Factory.—Albert L. Smith came from Trenton in 1882 and opened a gent’s furnishing store at 431 Penn Square. In 1887 he began the manufacture of shirts which he has con- tinued. He employs 10 hands and produces weekly 25 dozen, which are sold in Reading and vicinity. SHOES. Curtis, Jones G& Co.—Frederick W. Curtis and Frederick S. Jones, trading as Curtis, Jones & Co., began manufacturing children’s shoes at Fifth and Penn streets in 1885. They em- ployed 25 hands and produced 500 pairs daily. In 1889 they erected a substantial four-story brick factory at Fifth and Court streets, and supplied it with the latest improved machinery to meet the demands of their rapidly increasing business, and took possession in 1890... They now employ 175 hands and produce 2000 pairs of shoes daily. They also carry on a similar factory at Hamburg with the same production, having started there in 1895. In connection with manufacturing shoes, they have a very large jobbing trade which extends throughout the United States. Annual business, $500,000; and wages, $50,000. This is now the only shoe factory conducted at Reading. There are numerous boot and shoe makers at Reading, num- bering about 150, who manufacture in a limited way for cus- tomers. 200 HISTORY OF READING. SILK. Grimshaw Aftill.—In 1887 John, George and David Grim- shaw, trading as Grimshaw Brothers, came from Paterson, N. J., for the purpose of establishing a silk-mill at Reading and operat- ing it in connection with their large plant at that place, if properly encouraged in their proposed enterprise. In this behalf, a num- ber of public-spirited citizens organized an association and secured subscriptions, amounting to $65,000. The building committee comprised Henry Eppihimer, George D. Stitzel, Lewis Kremp, Jerome L. Boyer and William Rosenthal, who purchased a half-block of ground at Eleventh and Marion streets and erected a superior three-story brick structure 50 by 250 feet and leased it to the Grimshaw Brothers for a term of years, with an option of purchase; who then equipped it with machinery for the manufacture of silk, costing about $75,000. They have operated the mill since then, producing large quan- tities of dress goods, lining, ‘‘throwing silk,’’ and yarns, which have been shipped to New York. Théy employ 350 hands, mostly girls. On January 9, 1889, the building was blown down by a tor- nado, the most destructive storm that ever visited Reading. The mill was in full operation at the time. Many of the hands escaped, but 17 were killed and over 100 injured. A public meeting of citizens assembled in the Court House on January 1oth for supplying aid to the suffering families, and altogether $12,000 was received from the people of Reading and elsewhere, which was judiciously distributed by a committee appointed for that purpose. SOAP AND CANDLES. Leaman Factory.—D. R. Hendricks began making soap at Reading in 1866 and was succeeded by his son-in-law, W. K. Leaman, in 1879, who has since produced annually 20,000 pounds for laundry purposes, and employed from 2 to 10 hands, according to the trade. The factory is at 128 Washington street. Miller Factory.—Franklin K. Miller began making fulling, laundry, scouring and toilet soap and also washing powders in 1883. Investment, $8,000; employees, 4; annual product, 800,000 pounds, supplied to local customers. His factory is on Eighteenth street near Perkiomen avenue. SPALLS AND SAND. 201 Capallo Factory.—John Capallo began manufacturing tallow- candles in 1857 at 313 Spruce street. His annual product was about 50 tons, which was shipped to all parts of Pennsylvania, especially to the mining regions in Schuylkill county. He car- ried on the factory successfully until his decease in 1862, and his widow Mary A. Capallo continued the business until 1882, when she transferred it to their son John D. Capallo, by whom it has been conducted since. SPALLS AND SAND. There was a ‘‘gravel hole’’ at the base of Mt. Penn in Penn Common in a line with Washington street, and there the town supervisors obtained materials for repairing the streets for one hundred years from the time the borough was established, when the streets began to receive more attention than formerly, until the city took possession of the Common in 1886, and converted it into a park, as intended by the Penns when they set apart the land in 1748 for that purpose. During that time many thou- sands of tons were hauled away, making thereby an unsightly ‘‘hole’’ in the side of the mountain. Afterward the supervisors secured spalls from different parties, which were superior to the gravel from the hole for macadamizing the streets. Great quantities were produced in opening Twelfth and Spruce streets at and near their intersection. Asa G. W. Smith was the con- tractor. They were broken by hand and delivered on the streets in different parts of the town. This was started several years before the road roller was obtained in 1882. Haak Crusher.—Michael Haak owned a tract of land on the northern declivity of Mt. Neversink and there he opened a place in 1850 for supplying gravel and building sand. Opera- tions were carried on in a limited manner until 1895, when the heirs of Mr. Haak with George E. Haak as manager put up a crusher plant, and since then they have supplied large quanti- ties of sand for buildings and concrete paving. Employees, 8; daily product, 75 tons; investment, $7,000. Thatheimer Sand Bank.—In 1861 Augustus F Boas opened a place for sand on the western declivity of Mt. Penn at the head of Oley street, and large quantities were supplied for plasterers and also for foundries. Albert Thalheimer purchased 202 HISTORY OF READING. the land, comprising a tract of to acres, in 1878, and different parties carried on digging there until 1898, with an average annual production of 8,000 tons. Gallagher & Brisse are work- ing one end of the large bank with ro men; and Ahrens & Tobias the other end with a crusher recently erected and 20 men, for supplying building and paving sand in large quantities. fulton Crusher.—In 1889 William M. Fulton began quarry- ing and crushing lime-stone near the Lebanon Valley railroad bridge in West Reading for the purpose of supplying spalls. In 1896 he removed his plant to ‘‘Leinbach Hill’ at the west end of the Penn street bridge. He produces daily 150 tons of spalls and delivers the greater part to the city or contractors in constructing streets and sewers. He employs 45 men and 20 teams. O Reilly Crusher.—Joseph P. O'Reilly erected a crusher plant on the Hill road a mile beyond the city line in 1896. He has operated it since, supplying the Highway Commissioners or contractors with the greater part of his product for street paving and sewer work. Employees, 22; annual product, 20,000 tons. Building Stones.—The stones for the foundations of buildings, erected at Reading from the beginning of the town to the present time, were mostly obtained from the ‘‘White Spot’’ and the vicinity on Mt. Penn. The constant removal of stones from that spot gave the place a white appearance, looking from Reading or from any point westward many miles. The enor- mous quantity of material removed from this place during the past one hundred and fifty years, indicates the great value of the natural deposit. The stones were hauled by 2-horse and 4- horse teams by different parties who were paid on an average eighty cents a perch delivered. SPECTACLES. Willson Factory.—In 1871 Thomas A. Willson erected a three-story brick factory for the manufacture of spectacles and equipped it with machinery especially designed by him. He began operations in 1872 and then established the only place in the world at which were made all the parts that constituted a complete pair of spectacles. The sand for the lenses was ob- tained at Berkshire, Massachusetts, and the steel wire for the SPICE. AND ROASTING MILLS. 203 frame was also obtained mostly in Massachusetts. The lens was tinted. All kinds of spectacles were made and a large business was developed that extended throughout the world. In 1885 employment was given to 240 persons, and the average daily production was 3800 pairs. The several machines were manu- factured in the factory under Mr. Willson’s direction and they are perfect specimens of superior workmanship. Owing to the great competition in trade, the manufacture of lenses was dis- continued in 1886, and these are now imported from Europe in great quantities, of which a large stock is kept constantly on hand. Now the factory is devoted entirely to the manufacture of low-priced and medium grades of spectacles and it is the only one in the United States that produces exclusively the cheaper grades of steel spectacles and eye-glasses. The daily production is 10,000 pairs, and the average number of hands employed is 200. The proprietor’s son Frederick Willson has been man- ager since 1893. There are only two factories in Pennsylvania and eight in the United States, and, excepting this factory, their product is mostly gold and silver frames. SPICE AND ROASTING MILLS. Keystone Mills.—George W. Moyer came from Easton, and in 1872 associated with John McKnight for the manufacture of spices of all kinds. In 1878 Mr. Moyer started for himself and carried on the business until his decease in 1889 when the mill at Rose and Elm streets was purchased by Kurtz & Mayers, wholesale grocers, by whom it has been operated since. Em- ployees, 3; monthly product, 30 tons, which is shipped to all parts of Pennsylvania. Large quantities of coffee also are roasted in the establishment. Blessing Roasting Mill.—In 1861 Francis X. Blessing and John Shoemaker began roasting coffee on Carpenter street near Spruce. In 1870 they removed to 311 Chestnut street, and shortly afterward Mr. Shoemaker died. Mr. Blessing then be- came the sole owner and he has carried on the business since. He employs 3 and 4 hands and roasts 1500 pounds of coffee and peanuts weekly, which are disposed of in Reading and differ- ent parts of Pennsylvania. George Becker and Aug. Kleinschmidt are also in the business. 204 HISTORY OF READING, ‘ STAINED-GLASS WORKS. Kase Works.—J. M. Kase, trading as J. M. Kase & Co., be- gan making stained-glass work in 1885 at 511 Washington street. He designs and manufactures memorial windows for churches and artistic work for private residences, which he puts up in different parts of Pennsylvania. Investment, $3,500; employees, 6 to 8; product, $10,000. Heine Works.—In 1895 George W. Miller, Sylvester Weise and James T. Barlow organized the Reading Decorative Glass Co. for manufacturing stained glass work of all kinds and started a factory at 128 Penn street. They carried on the plant until January, 1898, when Joseph A. Heine became the owner and he removed it to Nineteenth street and Perkiomen avenue. In- vestment, $5,000; employees, 8; product forwarded to all parts of the country. STEAM HEAT. Reading Steam Heat Co.—In 1887 a company was organized by Isaac McHose, Wm. Mcllvain & Sons, Levi Quier, John R. Miller, James Nolan and others, and incorporated under the name of the Reading Steam Heat and Power Co. for the pur- pose of supplying public and private buildings with steam heat, and a large plant was established on Elm street near Reed, com- prising ten boilers with a capacity of 1800 horse power. Mains were put down along Sixth, Fifth, Elm, Walnut, Washington and Penn streets, measuring nearly 11,000 feet. The company now supplies over 300 buildings. Capital, $100,000. Officers: John R. Miller, pres.; Lewis Crater, sec. and treas. STENCILS AND RUBBER STAMPS. Paff Works.—In 1873 Francis H. Paff began making stencil work of all kinds, police badges, corporation seals, and rubber stamps. In 1882 he located at 60 South Seventh street and has continued there since. He employs two hands, supplying orders from different parts of Pennsylvania. Reber IWorks.—Horatio K. Reber has carried on rubber- stamp making since 1878. He employs two hands and manu- factures a large number of stamps which he ships to all sections of Pennsylvania. He also made stencils from 1878 to 1885. TERRA COTTA, 205 TERRA COTTA. fox Works.—John Lotz carried on a hat factory at the foot of Franklin street from 1800 to 1824; then Riah Gillson pur- chased the property and converted the building into a general store for the purpose of. supplying boatmen with groceries, pro- visions, etc. It was continued asa store for about 4o years. In 1868 Eli S. Fox, Walter K. Hagy and Wm. Keely, trading as Fox, Hagy & Co., established a terra cotta works on the premises. In 1870 Hagy and Keely sold their interests in the business, and George K. Whitner became a partner, the firm trading as E. S. Fox & Co. Eli S. Fox died in 1890, and his sons William, Benjamin F and Eli W. succeeded him, and they in 1896 purchased the interest of Mr. Whitner. They manu- facture all kinds of terra cotta ware, especially stove-lining, sewer pipe and vases which are shipped.to all parts of the United States. Investment, $40,000; employees, 25; annual product, $40,000. TIN. Reading Tin Plate Co.—In 1895 Howard L. Mcllvain, Lewis Crater and Charles A. High associated together for the purpose of manufacturing tin and terne plate, and in 1896 incorporated a company with a capital of $20,000. Their plant is situated at Front and Bern streets. They employ 15 hands, and produce about 9000 boxes of tin-plate annually, which they sell mostly to Reading dealers, shipping the balance to New York and Jersey City. Officers: Howard L. Mcellvain, pres.; Lewis Crater, sec. and treas.; and Charles A. High, manager. This is the first industry of the kind at Reading and the only one carried on here. TRUNKS, Weightman Factory.—Joseph J. Weightman, of Bridgeton, New Jersey, came to Reading in 1888, and started the manu- facture of trunks, bags, sample and extension cases at 402 Penn square, and has continued the same until now. He employs 3 hands, and produces annually 850 trunks and 500 cases, which are disposed of in Reading and vicinity. The amount invested is $1800, and the annual product is about $6,000. This is the first industry of the kind at Reading. Previously, trunks, etc., were purchased at the different hat stores; now this factory sup- plies many customers. 206 HISTORY OF READING. UMBRELLAS, About 1847 Leopold Hirsch came to Reading and, after en- gaging in repairing umbrellas for a time, started manufacturing them, and he continued to do so until 1860 when he located at Philadelphia. Rolland Factory.—In 1869 August Rolland, a French- man, began the business at 26 South Seventh street, and in 1879 he removed to 639 Penn street. The business has been carried on there since. Mrs. Mary Rolland is operating the factory assisted by her sons. She employs 6 hands. Others in the business are Mrs. Rose Miller and William M. Parvin, but they are mostly engaged in selling ready-made um- brellas and making repairs. WASHING MACHINES. Sunbeam Washer.—In 1890 Reuben Hoffa, Jonah Keim, Thomas Eckert and Franklin Albright organized a company, trading as Sunbeam Manuf’g Co., Limited, for the manufacture of the Sunbeam washing machine. For several years the busi- ness was carried on extensively, producing several thousand washers a year, but now only two hands are employed and 60 machines are made monthly. Investment, $4,000. Trade mostly local. Lessig Washer.—Samuel Lessig, Sr., was engaged in mak- ing and repairing farming implements at Reading for 38 years, from 1849 to 1887. In 1893 he designed and patented an improved washing machine, which he named the “‘Lessig.”’ He has manufactured the machine mostly alone, producing an- nually over 100 machines, and selling them in Reading and vicinity. Queen Washer.—Nathan S. Althouse patented an improved washing machine in 1895, which he named the ‘‘Queen,’’ and he and his partner, J. H. Knoll, trading as Knoll & Althouse, (who were engaged in making farming implements, ) then directed their attention to its manufacture. They employ 5 hands in their factory at Muhlenberg and Orange streets, and pro- duce monthly over 200 machines which are sold in Pennsyl- vania and the adjoining States. WOOLEN GOODS. 207 WOOLEN GOODS. Reading Woolen Mills.—Robert M. Shouse, of Easton, came to Reading in 1859, and began the manufacture of gingham and shirting check. Some months afterward his enterprise was destroyed by fire. He then selected a lot on Fourth street be- yond Elm as a suitable location and erected a two-story stone factory with basement where he resumed the manufacture of the articles mentioned, and continued the game until 1864, when he converted it into a woolen mill for manufacturing jeans, plaids and doe-skin cloths. Jonathan G. Leinbach became the mana- ger and in 1867 he was made a partner, the firm trading under the name of R. M. Shouse & Co. They employed 50 hands and their annual production amounted to $100,000, which was shipped to commission houses at New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore. The firm continued operations until 1875, when Mr. Leinbach became the sole owner. Shortly afterward he formed a co-partnership with Aaron S. Leinbach and William F. P. Davis, who traded as J. G. Leinbach & Co. In 1880 John Shadel became a partner. In 1887 Rev. Davis died and his interest was purchased by Mr. Leinbach. In 1889 the senior member gave an interest in the business to his three brothers, Daniel, Albert and Mahlon; and in 1894, appreciating the long-continued fidelity of certain of the older employees who had worked in the mill from twenty to thirty years, he also gave them an interest. In 1896 Aaron S. Lein- bach died, and the surviving partners (Leinbach and Shadel, ) purchased his interest. After the firm had organized in 1875, improvements were made to the plant, additional ground was purchased, and new machinery was introduced from time to time. In 1880 the manufacture of jeans was discontinued. The volume of busi- ness increased steadily, and with it the number of hands. In 1889 the annual business amounted to over $200,000. The product of the mill is now entirely woolen cloths. Investment, $130,000; hands employed, 75; annual wages, $30,000; busi- ness, $192,000, the amount having fallen off owing to the pre- vailing panic. The plant is equipped with the best machinery, including 4 self-acting spinning machines with 1508 spindles, and a 100- 208 HISTORY OF READING. horse-power Corliss engine. The enterprise has been named the Reading Woolen Mill, and the manufactured cloths are so known in the market, having a superior reputation. This is the only enterprise at Reading in which the older and more ex- perienced hands have been permitted to share in the profits of the business. The generosity of the senior member has been appreciated and it has resulted in mutual benefits, as well to the firm as to the recipients. , Stony Creek Mills.—On the Friedensburg road at the point where it crosses the Antietam creek a paper mill was carried on for many years. In 1864 Louis Kraemer and others established a woolen mill there, and it has been operated very successfully until the present time. The strong stream provided a valuable water power which was the principal consideration that induced the erection of the mill, but in 1875 the water was appropriated by the City of Reading for an increased supply and steam-power had to be substituted. Different parties were connected with the firm until 1893, when a re-organization was effected with Louis Kraemer, Louis F. Kraemer, Louis F. Grebe and Martin D. Hunter as partners, trading as Louis Kraemer & Co. The mill produces 7,200 yards of men’s cassimers weekly; annual product, $180,000, which is sold in all parts of the United States. Employees, 70. This industry, though four miles from Reading, is identified with its establishments and therefore in- cluded in this chapter. PART IV.—SITUATION OF READING IN 1808. From the foregoing facts, it is evident that the situation of Reading is exceptional in many respects. Though not by the sea-side or along some great river to afford easy access thereto by navigation, yet the facilities for trading and communicating with all parts of the country are great enough to give it distinc- tion. When the town was laid out, its location was controlled by the ford across the Schuylkill to which public roads had al- ready converged and from which additional roads were likely to diverge. Subsequently railroads were projected in the direc- tion of these public roads, and from that time the growth of its population and industrial activity became more and more won- SITUATION OF READING. 209 derful. Now, after the lapse of one hundred and fifty years, we find here all the advantages and improvements that consti- tute a thriving community. These advantages will be briefly stated in order to give the reader a just conception of Reading’s present greatness as a centre of production, trade, wealth and population, and by comparing them with the general situation of affairs in 1847, a marked improvement in every respect will be made apparent. The drainage is superior by the natural trend of the surface from the mountains to the river. This was sufficient as long as the population was well distributed and the industrial establish- ments, stores and hotels were of an ordinary size; but after the population had begun to be compact, and the business places of various kinds extensive, an improved system of sewers for streets and buildings became necessary. A system was accord- ingly adopted, and the public expenditure in that behalf exceeds half a million dollars. : The streets have been macadamized throughout the major part of the city, covering an area of three miles long by two miles wide; and a substantial start has been made in putting down sheet asphaltum on Penn and South Fifth streets, measuring about two miles in length, with encouraging prospects. for extending this improvement from the central portions of the city towards its limits. The dwellings number more than 14,000, and nearly nine- tenths of them are constructed of brick. They are substantial in appearance and comfortable in arrangement, with small lots. of ground appurtenant, the prices ranging from $1,000 to: $2,500. Many beautiful residences have been erected in differ- ent sections of Reading costing from $5,000 to $75,000. The population in the sixteen wards has been ascertained to: be 73,000, over five times the number when the city was erected fifty years ago. A considerable proportion of the natural in- crease of the place, brought here through improving industrial conditions and entirely dependent upon them, has found a pleasant lodgment in the surrounding surburban towns within three miles from the post office building; but these localities should be justly taken as a part of Reading, and being added we should have at least 85,000, or over six times the number ‘210 HISTORY OF READING. here in 1847. The buildings in the suburban places are almost entirely brick and compare with those at Reading. The average number of inhabitants to a dwelling in the entire com- munity is less than five, In this respect Reading compares favorably with the most progressive cities in the United States. The supply of water is superior in character and abundant in quantity. There are five sources with a daily flow of 15,000,000 gallons, and a total storage capacity of 181,532,000 gallons, established at a total cost of $1,746,953. Rent charges are as moderate as any in the United States. For dwellings and stores, there is a schedule of prices; and for manufacturing establishments and saloons the consumption is measured by meters at low rates. The management of the water department is highly creditable. Dwellings are lighted mostly by gas, and the stores, public buildings, and streets by electricity. Many shops and factories are supplied with power by an electric company; and a large plant has been established for supplying steam heat to dwellings and public buildings, large mains having been put down along certain streets in the interior portion of the city, measuring about two miles. The department of public works was established several years ago and though of recent origin it has shown itself a valuable aid to improved local government in the matter of expenditures for streets and sewers. Police protection extends throughout the city. The depart- ment comprises fifty-seven officers. The patrol system is com- plete, and the remotest stations, as well as the nearest, (num- bering twenty-seven,) are in direct communication with City Hall, and in constant readiness for dispatching the arrest of transgressors. The public market houses on Penn square were abandoned and removed in 1871. Since then, seven private market houses have been established in different parts of the city, affording unusual facilities to the inhabitants for purchasing produce twice and thrice a week; and some of the shops are gradually develop- ing into small market houses for supplying daily all kinds of meat, produce, etc. SITUATION OF READING. 2 The fire department is voluntary in character but very effi- cient. It comprises twelve companies with 1,600 active and 4,600 contributing members, and they respond to alarms in a prompt manner. The annual appropriations by the city amount to $30,000. The alarms during 1897 numbered eighty-one, and the total losses amounted to $139,324. A superior fire alarm system has been in successful operation since 1873, and there are now sixty-two alarm boxes in use, distributed in seven circuits. The department can be said to afford the community ‘protection against fire equal to any given elsewhere in the United States. Until recently, the alarm boxes were locked and keys for each box were deposited at several places near by for use when necessary, to guard against false alarms; now the lever is exposed at the boxes, (beyond the reach of children, ) and ready for any one to give the alarm without delay in case of fire. Occasionally, some alarms are not warranted, but they are not given maliciously to deceive the department. The health department is well conducted. Its annual reports indicate a superior sanitary condition of Reading and a very low death rate in proportion to population. A crematory was erected recently beyond the southern limits of Reading to dis- pose of the garbage by public service, and the first annual con- tract was awarded to remove it two and three times a week ac- cording to the season. The assessed value of property at Reading for purposes of taxation exceeds $42,000,000. The tax rates are low, being 6 mills for city purposes; 4 mills for school; and 2% mills for county. The annual appropriations for city affairs amount to $433,547; and for school affairs, $219,453. The total expendi- tures by the city for the last fiscal year, from April, 1897 to April, 1898, were $604,509; of which the three largest items were for police, $107,456, for highways, $140,000, for sewers, $192,520. But the assessment of property for purposes of taxation does not represent the real value. The expenditures required to establish all the buildings, improvements, factories and plants of every kind have an aggregate value of at least $75,000,000. The school buildings number 41, and are valued at $737,400 The system comprises 244 schools, 263 teachers and over 11,000 scholars. 212 HISTORY OF READING. There are 17 religious denominations which have over 60 churches, some of them large and costly structures, and their total valuation amounts to $1,542, 100. The stores number nearly 1,000, of which over 600 are licensed; industrial establishments, 500; and small shops of all kinds 400. Some of the stores are very large, including many de- partments, and employing from 35 to 350 salespeople and clerks. The expenses of several of them exceed the total amount of business done by all the stores at Reading thirty years ago. This contrast shows their extraordinary growth and importance in the affairs of Reading. The manufactured productions in 1847 were limited in kind, quantity and value with a local con- sumption excepting hats, iron and brick; now they are numer- ous in kinds and very large in quantity and value, with a distri- bution into all civilized parts of the world; and the largest estab- lishment now employs as many hands as all of them taken to- gether then, including shops and stores of every kind. The postal facilities are superior in every particular. There are three general deliveries of letters to all parts of Reading, and three collections from 182 boxes; and five deliveries and seven collections, which cover the greater part of the city for business purposes. The carriers number thirty-five. The post office building is a superb structure, costing $180,000. +The money order department handled $563,859 from April, 1897, to April, 1898; and the postal department, $91,020. Since 1894, the annual increase in the former has been nearly $40,000; and in the latter nearly $10,000. For communicating with distant places, there are two tele- graph lines and one telephone line; and for delivering packages, two express companies. A local transfer system has been established, which is capable of meeting all possible demands for passengers and baggage, and many persons have engaged in the local express business for hauling freight and merchandise. Eight banks, two trust companies, two insurance companies and many building and savings associations comprise the finan- cial institutions of Reading. The banks have an aggregate capital of $1,675,020; surplus, $1,853,369; and deposits, $4,887,977. The trust companies are superior institutions, with the unqualified confidence of the people, and trust funds under their management amount to nearly $1,000,000. SITUATION OF READING. 213 The steam railroad facilities are exceptional. Lines extend in five directions, and numerous trains are operated daily, the passenger trains numbering nearly roo, and the freight trains over 100. Trains are run without change of cars to Pottsville, Sunbury and Williamsport; to Slatington; to Allentown; to Harrisburg; to Lancaster and Columbia; to Wilmington; and to Philadelphia. The several lines are the Philadelphia and Reading; Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley; Lebanon Valley; East Penn; Schuylkill and Lehigh; and Wilmington and Northern. There is a complete system of street railways which enables passengers to be carried from one end of the city to the other for a single fare of five cents, or thirty rides for $1.00. Lines also extend west to Womelsdorf 14 miles; southwest to Mohnsville and Adamstown, 14 miles; and south-east to Black Bear Inn and Stony Creek Mills, 4 miles, with encouraging prospects of continuing the last named line to Boyertown, 16 miles. And mountain railways have been constructed around and upon Mt. Penn and Mt. Neversink which afford great facilities to the inhabitants and to visitors for recreation and amusement, and also for extended views over a picturesque country more than thirty miles square. Nine resorts are situ- ated along both lines, which are largely patronized from June to October. Suburban towns adjoin Reading in every direction, and all of them are conveniently reached by street cars, excepting to the north. They are gradually preparing the way for ‘‘Greater Reading,’’ which, within the next decade, will cover an area of territory embracing twenty square miles, and containing a pop- ulation about 115,000. The conditions are here to warrant this assertion. The people generally are coming to understand more and more the important elements that constitute a pros- perous community and are directing their efforts accordingly. Two attractive parks have been established at public expense exceeding $130,000, and they are delightful places for rest and recreation to many thousands of people. A fine park two miles east of the city is operated by the street railway company, being an attractive spot where amusements of a superior class are provided during the summer months. Three theatres are car- ried on during nine months of the year, which are well patron- ized; and more than thirty large halls have been established in 214 HISTORY OF READING. the several sections of the city to accommodate meetings of all kinds, more particularly for secret societies. The environments of Reading are not surpassed anywhere for general ‘picturesqueness of extended views over rolling hills, flowing streams and fertile valleys. They have induced the construction of two railways on the mountains to the east and south, and the erection of many substantial resorts together rep- resenting an invested capital of nearly a million dolkars. The Schuylkill valley extends from the South mountains to the Blue mountains, visible for thirty miles, and the Lebanon (or Tulpe- hocken) valley visible from the river westward for twenty miles. More than thirty towns have been built up in this area of terri- tory, and all have constant business intercourse with Reading. The licensed places for the sale of liquor number 174. Some of them are saloons, but most of them hotels. Four large hotels are situated on Penn Square equipped with modern improvements, which have a capacity for accommodating 600 to 800 guests in the business centre of the place. The total capacity of all the hotels and lodging houses is estimated at 5,000, evidencing the fact that Reading can comfortably enter- tain large conventions, celebrations and excursion parties. Twenty newspapers are published at Reading, two morning daily and four evening daily,(one of them German); and four- teen weeklies, (six of them German); and there are seven other periodicals, both English and German, religious and secular, which have a very wide circulation, extending into all parts of the United States. The musical character of the people is of a superior order. The societies for producing instrumental and. vocal music are numerous, and several of each class have a wide reputation. The secret society has come to be the greatest social feature at Reading, exceeding in total male membership even that of the churches. In 1847 there were only two orders, the Ma- sonic and Odd Fellows, with a limited membership; now they are numerous, embracing all kinds, and the membership of each runs from several hundred to several thousand. The associa- tions for literary, musical, professional, political, religious and social purposes are also numerous, and they exert a powerful influence over the feelings and actions of the people. SITUATION OF READING. 215 MISCELLANEOUS EMPLOYMENTS. The following list is presented to show the number and char- acter of the several employments at Reading in April, 1898: Architects Artists Attorneys-at Law Auctioneers Barbers Bell Hangers Bill Posters. . . Blacksmiths Bleaching Straw Goods . . . Boarding Houses .. . Book-sellers, etc. Brokers Bricklayers . Building Contractors Butchers Caterers 3 Carpet Dealers .. . Carpet Cleaners Chair Caners . . . Chair Makers. . Chinaware, etc. . Cigars and Tobacco . Civil Engineers . Coal, Wood, ete. Coffee Roasting. . Commission Agents . Confectionery... Contractors. ... Coopers Dentists Detectives Dressmakers Druggists Dry Goods, etc. Dyeing 4 Electricians. . Embalmers . Employment Bureaus . Engraving Flag Stones, etc. Flour, Feed, etc. . Fruit, Fish, etc. Furniture... 7 8 Ico 100 cow NW G3 O a Oo N Nv Ww On NwOw nO RF HN DH YN DN Nw & by N ALA 12 45 41 15 Furrier =a I Gents’ Furnishing, etc. . 22 Grain Shippers... . 4 Grocers, retail ‘ 297 Grocers, wholesale . 3 Gunsmiths . . sae SA 2 ~ Hardware ; ts Hat Block Makers : 2 Hair Workers, (Human) . 4 FWideS: 4 ee ee we ee So . 4 Hotels and Saloons .. . 174 Ice Dealers... .. 15 Installment Houses . na 7 Insurance, Fire ...... 22 Insurance, Life . . se Gh, LG Jewelers . 3.2 e op 25 Layers outof dead .... Jo Leather ... wus ak 4 Liquors ae tea “D5: LiveStock ....). a 3 Locksmith ... aa Po I Lumber swt Belge th 13 Marble Yards . Ruane, 8. Mercantile Agencies . .. 2 Milk Dealers... ‘ 18 Milliners .... 20 Millwrights... . . 4 oe 2 Newspapers, &c. ... 27 Newspaper Dealers... . . 2 Notafies: <6 + 4 31 Notions—wholesale . . . I Opticians. ... . . . IO Painters, &c 34 Patent Solicitors 2 Pattern Makers... . 2 Pavers « « 4 es « 4 Pension Attorneys 4 Photographers 8 Physicians... 130 Pciture Frames, &C ... . 2 Piano Tuners . aes, 5 Plasterers . cae 75 Plumbing, &e. ... 0...) 19 216 HISTORY OF READING. Pool Rooms . ee 9| Teachers, School ..... 265 Printers, Book and fs6. ... 27 | Teachers, Music ... Bae 160! Produce Dealers ...... 7 | Teachers, Dancing . aha 5 Rags, Paper, &c “ . Io} Teaand Coffee... .. 4 Real Estate Agents . . 33 | Telegraphers ....., 48 Restaurants . : . 46 | Telephoners ....... 15 Saddlery, &c : yo: | “Theatres 4 6 «4 be a-% 2 4 3 Sewing Machines ‘i 4] TicketOffices. ....... 6 Shoe Dealers .... » 30 | Tinsmiths 2.403 . 244 35 Shoemakers .. . 143 | Toilet Articles ..... , I ‘Shoe Upper Wainatuctarees : 1 | Tool Sharpeners, &c . 2 Slate Roofers... ... . 3 Toys... .....-. 3 Stables, Livery, &c . ... 221] Typewriters, Sie oa 4 375 Stables, Sale 4 | Undertakers 9 Stair-Builders . . 3.| Upholsterers .. . 9 Stamping. . 2 | Veterinary Surgeons 5 Steam-Ship Agents 4| Wall Paper. .... .. 4I6 Stock Dealers ..... 4 | Wax Workers, &c.... 4 Storage Mo 3 | Wheelwrights ....... G Tailors and Cidthiees ee 04s 100 SESQUI-CENTENNIAL. 217 CHAPTER III.—SESQUI-CENTENNIAL. PART I.—ACTION OF BOARD OF TRADE. At the regular monthly meeting of the Board of Trade, held on March 5, 1896, a letter was read, addressed by Frederick W. Lauer to Hon. Thomas P. Merritt, president of the Board, calling attention to the fact that Reading was incorporated as a City on March 16, 1847, that next year the Semi-Centennial Anniversary of this event would occur, and that the necessary steps should be taken by the Board for a proper celebration of the event. The letter was referred to the Committee on Munici- pal Affairs with a request to report at the next meeting. At the regula meeting of the Board on July 2, 1896, James P. Sellers, Chairman of the Committee on Municipal Affairs, presented the following resolution which was unanimously adopted: ‘‘Resolved, That City Councils be requested to appoint a special committee of five members, two of Select and three of Common Council, to act in conjunction with the Committee on Municipal Affairs of this Board, to arrange for the proper ob- servance of the Semi-Centennial of the incorporation of Read- ing as a City.”’ At the regular meeting on August 6, 1896, Howard L. Boas presented a report that he had caused to be read to City Coun- cils the resolution relative to the celebration of Reading’s Semi- Centennial and that in pursuance of the request, Howard L. Boas and Jacob B. Stout were appointed from Select Council, and Israel S. Fry and William Templin from Common Council, to meet the Committee on Municipal Affairs to carry out the purpose of the resolution. The matter was mentioned at subsequent meetings of the Board and a banquet was proposed, in which the City Officials were to participate. Besides’ this, nothing special was done at the meet- ings for six months. 218 HISTORY OF READING. Sesqui-Centennial Celebration.—At the annual meeting on February 18, 1897. Mr. Sellers, Chairman of the Committee on Municipal Affairs, offered a resolution that the proposed ban- quet be abandoned, but that a more extensive celebration be held for the Sesqui-Centennial of Reading in 1898, which was adopted. Action on the subject was again taken by the Board on September 2, 1897, when Chairman Sellers presented a re- port in behalf of the Sesqui-Centennial, and, after considerable discussion, on motion of Samuel D. Dibert, a General Com- mittee was appointed comprising the Committee from City Councils, Howard L. Boas, Jacob B. Stout, William Templin and Israel S. Fry, and the Committee on Municipal Affairs, James P. Sellers, Calvin K. Whitner, Amos K. Kline, W. Morris Deisher and F. J. Hunt, with the president of the Board, Hon. Thomas P. Merritt, and the secretary, Eugene P. Stofer, as members ex-officio. PART II—PROCEEDINGS OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Pursuant to a general notice published in the newspapers, the first meeting of the General Committee was held in the rooms of the Board of Trade on September 9, 1897, and then J. George Hintz and J. K. Righter were also in attendance. After considerable discussion of the proposed celebration, the Committee was authorized to make additions and substitutions, should any person be not inclined to serve, as may be regarded expedient for the success of the celebration. And it was then determined that the Committee should hold weekly meetings for the purpose of perfecting the necessary arrangements. At the meeting on September 16th, Chairman Sellers added the names of J. George Hintz, John D. Mishler, and Samuel D. Dibert to the General Committee. The views of the several members on the proposed celebration were expressed, and Mr. Mishler submitted a program of festivities for an entire week, beginning June 5, 1898. This program was laid over and dis- cussed at different times until November 5, 1897, when it was adopted. On September 30, 1897, the Chairman was author- ized to enlarge the General Committee as it became necessary. On October 15, 1897, the General Committee was named the Executive Committee, and the following permanent officers EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 219 were elected: James P. Sellers, president; Thomas P. Merritt, treasurer; and Eugene P. Stofer, secretary. Andon November t2th, the chairmen of the respective committees were announced by the President. Upon the recommendation of the Committee on Statistics of the Board of Trade, Morton L. Montgomery, Esq., was author- ized to compile a History of Reading, which was to include the proceedings relating to the Sesqui-Centennial. The Executive Committee held weekly meetings, and the several committees met frequently to make the necessary ar- rangements in their respective departments for a proper obser- vance of the Sesqui-Centennial. The headquarters were estab- lished in the rooms of the Board of Trade, which were in the Wanner Building at Court and Reed streets from April 1, 1897 to March 31, 1898, and then in the Jacobs Building, No. 25 North Sixth street. The names of the members of the Executive Committee and its officers, and also of the several committees and their respec- tive officers, regularly appointed, were as follows:— EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. James P. Sellers, President. Howard L. Boas, Vice President. Thos. P. Merritt, Treasurer. Eugene P. Stofer, Secretary. Oscar B. Wetherhold (Accommodations. ) Charles G. Willson (Bicycle Parade. ) Harry L. Hoffman (Carriages. ) Wellington G. Woods (Cavalcade and Corso. ) Hon. Jacob Weidel (City Officials. ) Harvey J. Fueller (Civic Demonstration. ) Milton H. Schnader (Colors. ) Joshua K. Righter (Courtesy. ) Amos K. Kline (Decorations. ) Philip Bissinger (Electric. ) John D. Mishler (Finance. ) John E. Spears (Firemen. ) William H. Luden (Fireworks. ) John B, Raser (Former Residents. ) Calvin K. Whitner (History. ) Jenkin Hill (Illumination. ) 220 HISTORY OF READING. John E. Harbster (Industrial. ) Cc. Raymond Heizmann (Insignia. ) George F. Baer (Invitation. ) Israel Cleaver (Medical. ) Samuel Willits (Military. ) Thomas P. Merritt (Music. ) John R. Mast (Official Program. ) J. George Hintz (Patriotic Demonstration. ) Jerome L. Boyer (Pioneers. ) W. Morris Deisher (Printing. ) Howard L. Boas (Program of Jubilee Week. ) Jacob B. Stout (Publicity. ) Samuel D. Dibert (Railroads; also Design of Envelope. ) David McM. Gregg (Reception. ) M. Brayton McKnight (Regatta. ) Ebenezer Mackey (School Parade. ) Charles H. Armour (Signal Corps..) Louis Heilbron (Water. ) Henry M. Keim (Woman’s. ) Morton L. Montgomery (Historian. ) Israel S. Fry, Harvey F. Heinley, Charles E. Leippe, Jeremiah G. Mohn, William Templin. COMMITTEES. Accommodations.—O. B. Wetherhold, Chairman; E. Marsh Brase- field, vice chairman; S. M. Helms, secretary and treasurer; Wm. H. Kessler, J. H. Passmore, James H Renninger. Bicycle Parade.—Charles G. Willson, Chairman; Geo. Eckert, vice chairman; Glenson J. Althouse, secretary; Weston W. Wesley, treas- urer; John M. Archer, Peter H. Krick, Daniel Y. Klapp, C. C. Ludwig, Joseph Martin, John Neubling, George A. Sands, Henry F. Seiders. Carriages.—Harry L. Hoffman, Chairman; J. George Hintz, vice chairman; Geo. W. Romig, secretary; Charles E. Leippe, treasurer; Charles H. Armour, Harvey J. Fueller. Cavalcade and Corso.—Wellington G. Woods, Chairman; David P. Schlott, vice chairman; Wm. D. Butler, secretary and treasurer; Edward A. Auerbach, John M. Archer, John Barbey, Morris R. Boyer, Harry C. Boyer, George M. Britton, Walter F. Bush, Henry A. Brown, J H. Cheetham, D. Wellington Dietrich, Isaac Eckert, Wm. B. Eckert, Charles J. Hoff, Harry S. High, A. H. Kretz, George J. Kessler, George M. Krick, W. Storm Miller, R. D. Millholland, W. Harry Orr, J. Ashton Parker, C. E. Schrader, Wm. J. Schitler, P. R Stetson, William Templin. COMMITTEES. 221 City Officials. —Mayor Jacob Weidel, Chairman; S. E. Cummings and Jacob B. Stout, vice chairmen; E. L. Lindemuth, secretary and treas- urer; John M. Archer, John H. Bach, J. M. Becker, Daniel Beidler, Wm. Bitting, H. L. Boas. Amos H. Beard, John H. Close, Geo. B. Clouser, K. H. Cleaver, A. B. Dundor, Aaron S. Donkle, Ed. C. Eben, Jacob Etzel, George H. Felix, Howard N. Goodman, Isaac W. Hull, R. B. Harris, S. S Hoff, J. Y. Hoffman, H. H. Hammer, James Hangen, Fred P. Heller, Matthan Harbster, H. L. Johnson, P. Monroe Krick, S. L. Kurtz, Richard L. Lawrence, Adam H. Leader, Wm. R. Madden, John H. Mast, Wm. F. Marcks, Robert D. Millholland, James Morgan, Thomas P. Merritt, John Ashton Parker, Matthew Rhoda, John A. Rauen, Geo. W. Romig, Abraham F. Reeser, Wm. J. Rourke, Jacob B. Stout, George W. Shaffer, Charles H. Schaeffer, Wm. Templin, Frank A. Tyson, Harry J. Wentzel, \W. W. Wunder, Wm. Abbott Witman, Joseph Witman, Rufus W. Wolfskill, James P. Yorgey. The following sub-committees of City Officials were appointed: Badges:—Isaac \W.Hull, P. Monroe Krick, William H_ Bitting. Carriages:—Geo. W. Romig, Robert B. Harris, Wm. R. Madden, James M. Morgan. Electric Lighting and Review Stand:—James P. Yorgey, George W. Romig, Jacob B. Stout, S. E. Cummings, Isaac W. Hull. Entertainment and Program:—Harry J Wentzel, Matthew Rhoda, James M. Morgan, James P. Yorgey, S. E. Cummings, Geo. W. Shaffer, John H. Mast, R. W. Wolfskill, Jacob B. Stout, George W. Romig, R. I. Lawrence, John H. Bach, John H. Close, John M. Archer, Edward C. Eben, Wm. W. Wunder. Invitation:—Hon. Jacob Weidel, Jacob B. Stout, Samuel E. Cummings. Reception:— George B. Clouser, Howard L. Boas, John A. Rauen, K. H. Cleaver, R. D. Millholland, William Templin, Robert B. Harris, H. L. Johnson, Joseph Witman, Amos H. Beard, J. Ashton Parker, Wm. Abbott Witman. Civic Demonstration.—Harvey J. Fueller, Chairman; Howard L. Boas, vice chairman; Elmer A. German, secretary and treasurer; H. R. An- thony, Jerome L. Boyer, C. J. Bonawitz, H. J. Borkert, R. H. Bortle, L. Eddie Bower, S A. Bechtel, M. A. DeTurck, John De Young, Henry Etheridge, W. G. Edwards, Reuben S Heckman, J. George Hintz, John J. Kelly, Stanley L. Krebs, John R. Laucks, E. A. C. Lohman, Herman Hermann, I. G Miller, Frank Menges, C Ed. Mellert, Ellis B. Moyer, H. J. Pum, James S Roland, W. H. Still, Jonas A. Schwoyer, Jerome Seiders, Samuel Willits, John Weiler, S. J Weiler, F. M. Yeager. Colors. —M. H. Schnader, Chairman; H. M.M. Richards, vice chair- man; W. Morris Deisher, secretary; C. Raymond Heizmann, treasurer; Harry W. Crooks, Charles E. Leippe, Wm. Y. Schmucker. Courtesy.—J. K. Righter, Chairman; Wm. D Smith, vice chairman; A. K. Stauffer, secretary; Robert P. Shick, treasurer; Geo. M. Ammon, Geo. W. Ammon, G. W. Alexander, Louis Adler, Geo. Bard, W. Howard Bright, A. J. Brumbach, C. S. Birch, Jacob Barbey, John L. Bowman, 222 HISTORY OF READING. John F. Boyer, James S. Brusstar, Lemon Buch, Charles Breneiser, S¥iy Louis Battenfelt, Geo. W. Beard, John E Bubp, F. X. Blessing. Howard F. Boyer, W. C. Billman, August Bendel, John H. Bach, Amos H. Beard, Thomas D. Bausher, W. N. Coleman, Harry Christensen, W. F. Curtis, Albert S. Cohn, Edward Carroll, Daniel W. Crouse, Geo. B. Clouser, S. E. Cummings, John Close, Joshua Dives, Harry S. Dibert, G. H. Delp, C. M. Deem, W. P. Deppen, Thos. Kk Dalzell, Wilson M. Dumn, Henry J. Dumn, Wm. Dibert, Nevin M Davis, C. A. Dougherty, Henry Eppihimer, James P. Esterly, Charles M. Evans, Charles W. Ed- wards, D. S. Esterly, Harry W Eisenbrown, Philip M. Ermentrout, Jacob Etzel, L H. Focht, Aug. 5. Flicker, E. W. Fox, Albert J. Fisher, J. H Fett, Nathaniel Ferguson, A. W. Fisher, J. S. Fritz. Jacob B. Fricker, Moses kK. Graeff, Christian Ganster, Edmund Goldman, John Gaenzle, H. K. Gittleman, John O. Glase, James K Getz, Charles C. Goodman, H. C. Geissler, Edwin R. Gerber, George K. Grim, A. M. High, Charles K. Hillegass, A. W. Hoff, Jesse G. Hawley, Harry H. Hillegass, C. L. Hoff, C. W Hendel, G. S. Herbein, F. W. Hanold, Arthur W. Heim, W. H. Hinnershitz, H. A. Hoff, F. B. Hay, H. C. Heller, Samuel Hantsch, Hiram L. Henninger, William M. Hiester, Fred. P. Heller, Henry B. Hintz, Albert R. Hoover, Peter S. Holl, Isaac W. Hull, Charles H. Hunter, John C. Illig, Richmond L. Jones, S. B. Jacobs, R. H. Jones, E. W. James, H. L. Johnson, Louis Kraemer, Jacob S. Kline, H. D. Kurtz, E. C. Kern, James A. Klees, A. N. Kissinger, W.B. Krick, John J. Kutz, Geo. L. Kestner, F. Keffer, Daniel Y. Kapp, J. O. Koller, George Kemp, DeB. Randolph Keim, Frank P. Lauer, George A. Leinbach, C. H. Leinbach, Joseph A. Leinbach, Geo. W., Liess, E. S Lichtenthaeler, C. H. Lichty, W. Kk. Leitheiser, B. Y. Landis, George F. Lance, Ellsworth Leinbach, Wesley K. Loose, F. W. Lauer, William H. Livingood, William Medlar, E. M. Morgan, George W. Mayers, Richard G. Mohn, William McCormick, John D. Missimer, John G. Mohn, Ralph H. Mengel, William R. Mcllvain, William S, Mohr, William H. Moyer, T. P. Moore, J. Fred. Mayer, Charles Maerz, George R. Maltzberger, J. Harry Moyer, Morris H. Milmore, Daniel Miller, J. H. Maltzberger, John R. Mast, Calvin D. Moser, John G:- Niethammer, William Nolan, W. Harry Orr, James A. O'Reilly, Hugh O’Donnell, H. L. O’Brien, George S. Pomeroy, A. Tyson Phillippi, G. D. Packer, Allen C. Paine, Charles W. Potteiger, John H. Printz, Levi Quier, Charles Rick, James Rick, John Rick, James T. Reber, James C. Reber, John W. Rauch, John H. Rother- mel, John A. Rigg, Milford N. Ritter, Walter G. Roland, C. H. Ruhl, William J. Rourke, B. F. Ruth, Charles Rentschler, jr., Matthew Rhoda, George W. Romig, Lambert A Rehr, William Rosenthal, E. D. Smith, C. F. Steinmetz, Aaron B. Stein, J. S. Shade, W. Kerper Stevens, John C. Stocker, Frank C. Smink, Clarence Sembower, Sigmund S. Schweriner, Harvey H. Shomo, John G. Spatz, Fred A. Schmucker, Jacob H. Stein. E B Strohecker, Wm. Sterrett, Benja- min Saylor, E. H. Shearer, William F. Shanaman, John D. Strunk, Francis F. Seidel, Charles A. Sheidy, Mahlon Shaaber, John B. Shultz, COMMITTEES. 223 Henry Schofer, Edward Scull, M. C. Sigmund, P. R. Stetson, D. E Schroeder, R. H. Savage, Horatio Trexler, Jacob Truby, A. Thalheimer, George E. Tyson, Wellington Van Reed, George A. Wanner, Manoah S. Weiler, Ferdinand Winter, E. S. Wertz, Fred H. Witman, Frederick Weilandt, F. W. Woolworth, George W. Wolf, John Weiler, Wellington G. Woods. Horace A. Yundt, William H Yocum, W. C. Yoder, Henry S. Yocum, Walter S. Young, H. W. Zimmerman. Decorations.—Ames K. Kline, Chairman; Henry M. Keim, vice chair- man; Thomas B. Illig, treasurer; Aaron K. Kline, secretary; Jerome I. Kline, Frank M. Rieser, Alexander F. Smith. Design of Envelope.—Samuel D. Dibert, Chairman; W. Morris Deisher, Howard L. Boas. Lilectrical Display.—Philip Bissinger, Chairman; J. Lew Rake, secre- tary and treasurer; Arthur Arrowsmith, J. Douglass Hipple, C. C. Long. Finance —John D. Mishler, Chairman; Milton H. Schnader, vice chairman; Henry W. Snyder, secretary; Thomas P. Merritt, treasurer; George M. Britton, Samuel D. Dibert, Israel S. Fry, C. Raymond Heiz- mann, Charles S. Prizer, William F. Remppis, C. Kk. Whitner, James W. Yocum. Firemen’s Parade.—John E. Spears, Chairman; W. W. Wunder, vice chairman, (Keystone); John S. Weber, secretary, (Riverside); S. E. Ancona, treasurer, (Hampden); T. D. Bausher, (Friendship); F. C. Clemson, (Neversink); E. C. Eben, (Junior); Edward Elbert, (Wash- ington); Aug. Gring, (Marion); Harry Heath, (Schuylkill); William Leitheiser, (Rainbow); William Meyer, (Liberty); George C. Obold, (Reading). Fireworks.—\Wm. H. Luden, Chairman; Charles E. Leippe, first vice chairman; Daniel F. Ancona, second vice chairman; W. W. Light, sec- retary; James W. Yocum, treasurer. Former Residents.—John B. Raser, Chairman; Walter S Davis, vice chairman; W. W. Light, secretary; Henry M. Keim, treasurer; Harry J. Hayden, William Mcllvain, William H. Livingood, Charles Rick, C. A. Weida, W. Frazier Wootten. Club of New York:—William Weis, Chairman; Samuel S. Mosser, secretary; T. T. Eckert, Jr., treasurer; William F. Ganster, William H. Heilig, Charles L. Raser, Wm. H. Raser, Charles R. Saul, Jos. P. Kuhn. Club of Philadelphia:—S. S. Raser, Chairman; F. Marvin Yager, secretary; G. Prentice Raser, treasurer; J. ¥. Heckman, Daniel Hertzog, William McKissick, Alexander N. Stewart. Club of Pittsburg:—J. W. Jackson, Chairman; John B. Dampman, secretary. Club of Lebanon:-—Lucien E. Weimer, Chairman. History of Reading —C. K. Whitner, Chairman; J. George Hintz, vice chairman; W.S. S Coleman, secretary; D. F Dietrich, treasurer; Morton L. Montgomery, historian; Cyrus T. Fox, John D. Mishler, Thomas P. Merritt, James P. Sellers. 224 HISTORY OF READING. iumination.—Jenkin Hill, Chairman; T. M. Keppelman, secretary; C. H. Leinbach, treasurer; A. W. Arrowsmith, R. J. Calm, W. D. Fichthorn. Industrial Parade:—John E. Harbster, Chairman; James R. Kenney, vice chairman; Robert P. Shick, secretary; E. W. Alexander, treasurer; George W. Beard, Jacob F. Custer, A. A. Gery, Isaac Hamilton, Wil- liam Hutchison, Matthan Harbster, P. S. Klees, John G. Mohn, John R. Miller, William H. Mohn, Charles S Prizer, Levi Quier, George W. Raudenbush, H M. Sternbergh, William H. Schick, John W. Smith, A. Thalheimer, Isaac Treat, Harry C. Weber, Henry Zabel. Insignia.—C. Raymond Heizmann, Chairman; G. A. Schlechter, vice chairman; Irwin S. Ermentrout, secretary; J. K. Righter, treasurer; R. H. Bortle, Harry C. Weber Invitation.— George F, Baer, Chairman; David McM. Gregg, secretary and treasurer: Hon, James N. Ermentrout, Hon. G. A. Endlich, S E. Ancona, Isaac Hiester, Henry M. Muhlenberg, William D. Smith. Medical.—Israel Cleaver, Chairman; William F. Marcks, vice chair- man; J. \W. Keiser, secretary and treasurer; D. B. D. Beaver, Henry Landis, Howard S. Reeser, H. F. Schantz, J. kK. Seaman. Music —Thomas P. Merritt, Chairman; Theodore I. Heizmann, vice chairman; Walter A. Chafey, secretary and treasurer; E. A. Berg, chorus conductor; Walter A. Boas, William Benbow, W. J. Baltzell, W.S. Davis, H. E. Fahrbach, M. H. Keller, Walter Heaton, J. G.. McGowan, Stanley L. Krebs, Willoughby S. Wilde, F. S. Livingood, T. C. Zimmerman. Official Program —John R. Mast Chairman; Harvey F. Heinly, vice chairman: Kurtz A. Fichthorn, secretary; G. A. Schlechter, treasurer; D. K. Hoch, George T. Wink. Patriotic Demonstration.—J. George Hintz, Chairman; Jenkin Hill, vice chairman; Harvey J. Fueller, secretary; John R. Mast, treasurer; John H. Bach, Howard L. Boas, John H. Close, Samuel D. Dibert, Kurtz A. Fichthorn, George H. Felix, John E. Harbster, Harry L. Hoff- man, D. Kk. Hoch, S. S. Hoff, Otto Hertwig, James M. Hutchison, B. F, Hunsicker, Harry G. Johnson, Henry M. Keim, George W. Keim, Wm. H. Luden, Harry A. Leinbach, Thomas P. Merritt, W. S. Miller, Emil Neubling, William A. Ribble, Jr., Geo W. Romig, I. Rambo, Jr., Frank A. Tyson, Samuel Willits, Wm. Abbott Witman, O. B. Wetherhold. Pioneers.—Jerome L. Boyer, Chairman; John R. Miller, vice chairman; John H. Keppelman, secretary; Jeremiah G. Mohn, treasurer; John C. Arthur, Elijah Auman, CharlesS. Bachman, Adam Bard, D. Llewellyn Beaver, Charles S. Birch, Franklin G. Boas, William Call, Matthias Gondert, Horace Griscom, Wayne Hartenstine, Benneville Hemmig, John H. Hemmig, John Hendel, Charles Henninger, Henry D. High, Jacob S. Hillegass, Horatio Jones, Conrad Kaltenbach, Henry M. Keim, Henry Koch, Isaac McHose, George Muth, William H. Norton, Edward D. Smith, William M. Stauffer, J. Hervey Sternbergh, Horatio Trexler. COMMITTEES. 22%. Printing —W. Morris Deisher, Chairman; Jonathan G. Leinbach, vice chairman; Charles E. Leippe, secretary and treasurer; John H. Keppel- man, C. K. Whitner. Program of Jubilee Week.—Howard L. Boas, Chairman; Philip Bissinger, vice chairman; Harvey J. Fueller, John D. Mishler, William Templin. Fublticity.—Jacob B.,Stout, Chairman; Isaac W. Hull, vice chairman; E. L. Lindemuth, secretary; Howard N. Goodman, treasurer; George B. Clouser, John Weiler. : Ratlroads and Transportation —Samuel D. Dibert, Chairman; Charles H. Armour, secretary; J. Harry Leippe, treasurer; Edgar W. Alexander, John H. Bach, Albert Broden, David B. Courtney, George B. Connard, John H. Close, Abner S. Deysher, Hayes Dickinson, Fred A. Dickinson, Hiram K. Getz, Joseph P. Griest, C Raymond Heizmann, Fredric P. Heller, Harry S. High, G. Howard Hart, William B. Harper, Lewis Horton, Jr., G Nicholas Jacobi, Harry G. Johnson, James A. Klees, L F. Kraemer, R. B. Kinsey, John Keppelman, Irvin J. Lerch, Frank P. Lauer, J. H. Leonard, Charles L. Lyon, Morris H. Milmore, Benjamin F. Miller, Matthias Moyer, J. Allison Orr, Charles S. Prizer, John H. Passmore, H M. M. Richards, John A. Rigg, George M. Supplee, Frank C. Smink, Alfred G. Weile, Casper J. Wickersham, John C. Wobensmith. Reception —David McM. Gregg, Chairman; Hon. H. Willis Bland, vice chairman; Louis Richards, secretary and treasurer; Elijah Bull, John Barbey, Edwin Boone, George F. Baer, J. H. Cheetham, Cyrus G. Derr, Josiah Dives, George B. Eckert, Ferdinand Goetz, Matthan Harbster, Theodore I. Heizmann, F.S. Jacobs, Fred S. Jones, Henry M. Keim, Jonathan G. Leinbach, A. Howard Merritt, John R. Miller, Jonathan Mould, James Nolan, J. Lancaster Repplier, J. Hervey Sternbergh, Charles H. Schaeffer, Hon. Jacob Weidel. Regatta —M. Brayton McKnight, Chairman; Douglas W. Anderson, vice chairman; William C. Hinkley, secretary and treasurer; Harry B. Steffe, C. Fred Fichthorn, James S. Roland. School Parade.—Ebenezer Mackey, Chairman; Rev. George Borne- mann, vice chairman; R. A. Townsend, secretary; Miss Mary H. Mayer, treasurer; A. Bartels, James Kase, M. E. Scheibner, Frederick Stephan, J. Ed. Wanner, George W. Wagner. Signal Corps —Charles H. Armour, Chairman; James C. Johnson, secretary; J. K. Righter, treasurer; John E. Spears, J. F. Albrecht. Water.—Louis Heilbron, Chairman; George F. Felix, John Nuebling, Henry H. Roland. Woman's Committee.—Henry M. Keim, Chairman; Mrs. Daniel Ermentrout, chief director; Mrs. William R. MeclIlvain, vice director; Mrs. John B. Dampman, secretary; Mrs. John D. Mishler, treasurer. The following sub-committees were appointed: 226 HISTORY OF READING. Accommodations:—Mrs. J. Wilhelm Hartmann, Chairwoman; Mrs. Henry Bushong, Mrs. Samuel D. Dibert, Mrs. Fanny Ferguson, Mrs. William Kauffman, Mrs. George M. Krick, Mrs. J. Mould, Mrs. A. T. Phillippi, Mrs. Levi Quier, Mrs. J. K. Righter, Mrs. john Rick, Mrs. Minerva E. Richards, Mrs. H. C. G. Reber, Mrs. J. W. Richards, Mrs. Matthew Rhoda, Mrs. Jefferson Snyder, Mrs. James P. Sellers, Mrs. G. B. Stevens, Mrs. D. N. Schaeffer, Mrs. C. H. Schaeffer, Mrs. John E. Spears, Mrs. Jacob B. Stout, Mrs. H. Strecker, Mrs. A. Thalheimer, Mrs. J. 4. Thamm, Mrs. F. A. Tyson, Mrs. Wm. Abbott Witman, Mrs Samuel Willits, Mrs. C. K. Whitner, Mrs. J. 8. Wagner, Mrs. P. D. Wanner. Carriages:—Mrs. James Rick, Chairwoman; Mrs. W. A. Arnold, Mrs. John Barbey, Mrs. George F. Baer, Mrs George M. Britton, Mrs. Philip Bissinger. Mrs. J. H. Craig, Mrs. Thomas Dalzell, Mrs. Josiah Dives, Mrs. George B. Eckert, Mrs. Isaac Eckert, Mrs. Matthan Harbster, Mrs. H. A. Hoff, Mrs. Charles Hoff, Mrs. J. H. Jacobs, Mrs. Jos. P. Kremp, Mrs. Amos K. Kline, Mrs. Wm. H. Luden, Mrs. Jeremiah G. Mohn, Mrs. J. A. O'Reilly, Mrs. John A. Rigg, Mrs. J T. Reber, Mrs. John B. Raser, Mrs. J. Hervey Sternbergh, Mrs. F. C. Smink, Mrs. A. Wilhelm, Mrs. Thomas Willson. Decoration:—Mrs. John D. Mishler, Chairwoman; Mrs. Raphael Austrian, Mrs Samuel Addison, Mrs. Edwin Boone, Mrs. Annie Camp- bell, Mrs. Israel Cleaver, Mrs. H. Connard, Mrs J. L. Douglas, Mrs. P. Ermentrout, Mrs. George Eltz, Mrs I. S. Fry, Mrs. Harvey J. Fueller, Mrs. George Grim, Mrs. Hiram K. Getz, Mrs. Howard N. Goodman, Mrs. E. E. Hafer, Mrs Jacob Hoff, Mrs. Fredric P. Heller, Mrs. J. George Hintz, Mrs. Louis Heilbron, Mrs. Charles Jackson, Mrs. Henry Kauffman, Mrs Aaron K. Kline, Mrs Harry Koller, Mrs. Annetta Lerch, Mrs J. G. Leinbach, Mrs. E. L. Lindemuth, Mrs. M. Mengel, Mrs. C H. Ruhl, Mrs. J. H. Rothermel, Mrs. P. C. Sweeney, Mrs. D. H. Wingerd. Invitation:—Mrs. Wm R. MclIlvain, Chairwoman; Mrs. J. B- Brooke, Mrs. Cyrus G. Derr, Mrs, G. A. Endlich, Mrs. A. G. Green, Mrs W. M. Hiester, Mrs. A. A. Heizmann, Mrs Horatio Jones, Mrs. Samuel Kerper, Mrs. J. R. Kaucher, Mrs. Jacob Knabb, Mrs. Morton L. Montgomery, Mrs. H. H. Muhlenberg, Mrs. Henry Millholland, Mrs. W. Heyward Myers, Mrs. William Medlar, Mrs. James McCarty, Mrs. John McLenegan, Mrs. G. A. Nicolls, Mrs. Horace Roland, Mrs. Simon Seyfert, Mrs Angeline Stewart, Mrs. P. R. Stetson, Mrs. T. D. Stichter, Mrs. Horatio Trexler. Music:— Mrs. H. E. P. Stewart, Chairwoman; Mrs. Jerome L. Boyer, Mrs. G. A. Boyer, Mrs. Henry S. Dibert, Mrs. J. P. Griest, Mrs. Ferdi- nand Goetz, Mrs. Jenkin Hill, Mrs. Felix Kremp, Mrs. W. H. Livingood, Mrs Paul Millholland, Mrs. William Madden, Mrs. John R. Mast, Mrs. Harrison Maltzberger, Mrs. Matthias Moyer, Mrs. C. W Potteiger, Mrs. John H. Printz, Mrs. Elhannan Schmucker, Mrs. G. A Schlechter. Program:—Mrs. John B. Dampman, Chairwoman, Mrs. D. F. Ancona, Mrs. Charles H. Armour, Mrs. George Bell, Mrs. Franklin G. Boas, Mrs. C. S. Birch, Mrs S. F. Ebur, Mrs. Cyrus T. Fox, Mrs. George H. Felix, Mrs. E. R. Gerber, Mrs. Jesse G. Hawley, Mrs. Howard L. Hoff- OFFICIAL DESIGN. 227 man, Mrs. S. S. Hoff, Mrs. George Haak, Mrs. J. C. A. Hoffeditz, Mrs. Fred. S. Jones, Mrs. R. H Jones, Mrs. Harry G. Johnson, Mrs Charles E. Leippe, Mrs. J. D. Missimer, Mrs. J. H. Maltzberger, Mrs. Ebenezer Mackey, Mrs. Mary Millholland, Mrs. B. F. Owen, Mrs. Wm. Rosenthal, Mrs. Adam B. Rieser, Mrs Fred. Spang, Mrs Morris H. Schaefter, Mrs M. E. Scheibner, Mrs. O. B. Wetherhold, Mrs T. C. Zimmerman. Reception: ~Mrs. Daniel Ermentrout, Chairwoman; Mrs. S. E. Ancona, Mrs D. B. D. Beaver, Mrs. G. B. Connard, Mrs. Wm. H. Clymer, Mrs. John B. Dampman, Mrs. J De Puy Davis, Mrs. David MeM. Gregg, Mrs. James K. Getz, Mrs. H. A. Hunter, Mrs. J. C. Illig, Mrs R. L. Jones, Mrs. Harry M. Keim, Mrs. DeB. Randolph Keim, Mrs. James R. Kenney, Mrs J. H. Keppelman. Mrs. Jacob S. Livingood, Mrs. Wm. R. Mcellvain, Mrs. John D. Mishler, Mrs. Thomas P Merritt, Mrs. J. L. Repplier, Mrs. H. Stephenson, Mrs. Wm. F. Shanaman, Mrs. C. H. Tyson, Mrs. Jacob Weidel. Mrs. W. M Weidman. Ushers:—Mrs. John M. Archer, Chairwoman; Mrs. Howard L. Boas, Mrs. O. S. Doolittle, Mrs. W. Herbert Ermentrout, Mrs. Nathaniel Ferguson, Mrs. Harry H. Hillegass, Mrs. John J. Kutz, Mrs. E. M. Morgan, Mrs. Howard Mcllvain, Mrs. Howard Potts, Mrs. Edwin Quier, Mrs. Wm. Sevfert, Mrs. W. W. Seitzinger, Mrs. W. Kerper Stevens, Mrs. George A. Wanner, Mrs. Charles G. Willson, Mrs. Philip Zieber. Official Design.—The Committee on Official Design, Samuel D. Dibert, Chairman, provided an historical and attractive design for envelopes and letter-heads, and the use of it was encouraged by all the committeemen. The committee supplied the envelopes with the design printed on them, distributing them from Dibert’s Cigar Factory, and large quantities were disposed of to the manufacturers and business men of Reading. The total number supplied exceeded 700,000, amounting to three car loads. Many of them were sent to all civilized parts of the world, thereby giving the proposed celebration of the Sesqui-Centennial a thorough advertisement, and it was gener- ally complimented here and elsewhere as one of the neatest and best ways of publication ever devised for Reading. It wasa great success. The accompanying illustration on the follow- ing page represents the design. Committee Work.—The Executive Committee, and the thirty- two committees worked nobly, persistently and heartily un- til the third day of June to make the proposed anniversary a grand success, and too much cannot be said in commendation of their united efforts in this behalf. The president of the Exec- utive Committee, James P. Sellers, distinguished himself as a presiding officer, and all the members complimented him upon , 228 HISTORY OF READING. ee HN il i ; . a y Sy" [OFFICIAL DESIGN FOR ENVELOPES.] COPYRIGHT /897, HEADING ENGRAVING CO, OFFICIAL PROGRAM. 220 his zeal in the common cause for our flourishing community, his punctuality at all the meetings, and his urbanity and fair- ness uponalloccasions. At the last meeting, on the day named, the members, by way of appreciating his official conduct, pre- sented him with a badge of exquisite design. All the chairmen of committees showed a similar spirit and it was commonly ad- mitted that all were well chosen and remarkably efficient in this respect. Much ability was necessarily displayed, and the daily conimendation from everybody during the several and_ respect- ive parades, receptions, entertainments and exhibitions was in- deed conclusive evidence of the complete success of the under- taking. The condition of the weather for one whole week was ideal, even marvellous, for rain visited all the sections of the country surrounding Reading ten and fifteen miles distant, but none here. Each succeeding day, with success in every depart- ment of the public demonstration, brought joy to the people and congratulations to the Committee; and when the last day passed and the last beams of the piercing search-lights faded in the darkness of midnight, the general sentiments were grand! brilliant !! admirable !!! Official Program.—The Executive Committee selected the second week of June, 1898, from Sunday, the 5th, to Saturday, the 11th, for celebrating the Sesqui-Centennial of Reading, and adopted the following program for a proper observance of the anniversary, which had been submitted by John D. Mishler and referred to the Committee on Program: Sunday, June 5th, Opening Day.—MorniNnG.—Services in all churches at the usual hours, with sermons appropriate to the occasion. AFTERNOON.—From 3 to 5 o’clock, band concerts at Penn Common, Mineral Spring Park, Fifth and Penn streets and Lauer’s Park, in charge of Committee on Music. Monday, June 6th, Citizens’ Day.—MorninG.—From 8 to 9 o’clock, patriotic airs on the chimes of Christ Cathedral; 9 o’clock, sharp, at tap of fire alarm, blowing steam whistles in Reading for five minutes. Public Reception of visiting city officials by Reading city officials at the Court House, 11 o’ clock to 1 o’clock. AFTERNOON.—Two o’clock, Civic Parade, com- prising secret societies and lodges, G. A. R. and military or- ganizations, pioneers and old citizens, U. S. PO. department 230 HISTORY OF READING, officials and employees, musical societies, religious organiza- tions, and social clubs. EvEeninc.—Electrical illumination of Penn street from Third to Eleventh, which shall be continued every evening. Electricity will be furnished by the Metropoli- tan Electric Company without charge. Fireworks at 8.30 o’clock, on Mt. Penn at a favorable spot, so as to be seen from nearly all parts of the city. Tuesday, June 7th, Women’s and Children’s Day.—Morn- ING.—- Reception at Academy of Music from 10 to 12 o'clock to women of state and national reputation. Reception at Court House from 11 o’clock to 1 o’clock to State Superintendent of public schools, and presidents and professors of colleges.— AFTERNOON.—Two o’clock. Parade of all our schools, from Penn Square to Penn Common and return, singing national airs on the way, accompanied by bands of Reading. EvEninc.— Grand illumination of private residences and business places all over the city; also illumination with search-lights and original aerial novelties. Open air choral concert, 500 voices, and Ger- mania Band in Penn Common. Wednesday, June 8th, Firemen’s Day.—Morninc.—Recep- tion at Court House from 11 o’clock to 1 o’clock to Members of Congress, State Senators, Members of House of Representa- tives from Berks county, and presidents of Boards of Trade of eastern Pennsylvania. AFTERNOON.—One o'clock, Magnifi- cent Parade of Fire Department of the city and invited guests. Thursday, June oth, Industrial Day.—-MORNING.—Recep- tion at Court House from 11 o'clock to 1 o’clock to Governor of Pennsylvania and_ staff, Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts, and Courts of Common Pleas and Orphans’ Courts, heads of departments of State government, Governors of ad- joining states. AFTERNOON.—Two o'clock. Grand Industrial Parade by manufacturers and business men of Reading. friday, June roth, Equestrian and Bicycle Day.—Morn- ING.—Reception at Court House from 11 o’clock to 1 o'clock, Presidents, Vice Presidents and Boards of Directors of railroads of eastern Pennsylvania and connecting railroads. AFTER- NooN.—Half-past one o’clock. Cavalcade and Corso. Ride, drive, and display of private horses, carriages, and fancy turn- outs, with floral and ribbon decorations. Also at 2.30 0’ clock, ANNIVERSARY PROCEEDINGS. 231 Bicycle races in Reading Driving Park. EveNING.—Eight o’clock. Bicycle Flambeau Parade, artistic and comical, senti- mental and elegant. Saturday, June rth, Everybody's Day.—Dawn.—Men, women and children in pursuit of ancient custom of marketing before daylight. ArreRNoOoN.—Regatta and serenata on Schuylkill River, terminating the festivities. PART III.—ANNIVERSARY PROCEEDINGS. The foregoing program was carried out in a most admirable and satisfactory manner. Most of the stores, business places, factories and dwellings in all parts of the city were beautifully decorated with the national flag, and with bunting in national colors, and a number of places displayed also the city colors and city flag, adopted by the Executive Committee. The electric illumination on Penn street was superb and won the expressed admiration of everybody in the city. It was unique in charac- ter and contributed a great deal toward the success of the anni- versary. And for the first time in public demonstrations on Penn street, the people remained on the side-walks. The decorations on both sides of Penn street from Third to Eleventh were par- ticularly attractive and several buildings are worthy of special mention on account of their brilliant electric ilumination:— Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart's, Kline, Eppihimer & Co’s, and C. K. Whitner & Co’s. The headquarters of the Executive Committee, No. 25 North Sixth street, were profusely decorated with flags and bunting and the city colors, and the word ‘‘wel- come’’ was shown every night in gas jets along the second story windows. A similar display of this word was made over the entrance to Dibert’s Hall at Ninth and Penn streets; and the Consumers Gas Co. presented an illuminated national flag be- fore their office, No. 20 North Fifth street. The days set apart for the jubilee in detail were observed and celebrated in the following manner. SUNDAY, JUNE 5TH. In pursuance of the request of the Executive Committee, ad- dressed to the respective pastors of all the churches in Reading, appropriate sermons were delivered during the morning at the 242 HISTORY OF READING. accustomed time, and prayers were offered to the Almighty Father for the many blessings bestowed upon the community, as manifested in various ways by the continued health, growth, peace and prosperity of the people during the past one hundred and fifty years. In the afternoon, concerts of sacred music were held at four prominent points of the city, and they were all largely attended, particularly in Penn Common. The Ringgold Band was in Penn square; the Germania Band in Penn Common; the Ath- letic Band in Mineral Spring Park, and the Liberty Band in Lauer’s Park, all giving their services gratuitously. The sociability, exemplary deportment and good order that prevailed at the public places mentioned were remarkable, and taken to- gether they expressed the true character of the community. MONDAY, JUNE 6TH. Morning.—At nine o'clock in the morning, after the fire alarm had struck its customary tap, many steam whistles of the num- erous industrial establishments of the city were sounded for five minutes, and they together indicated in a most emphatic manner the united efforts of the people in behalf of the great jubilee and their joyful spirit upon this extraordinary occasion. The chimes of Christ Cathedral were rung by Harry D. Berlin, chimer. There were twelve selections which included the na- tional airs and other popular pieces, and the clear tones of the bells rang out their inspiring notes apparently more sweetly than since first rung twenty-five years ago. The condition of the atmosphere was just suited to the occasion and everybody was delighted, especially the anxious members of the Executive ‘Committee. A reception in the main room of the Court House from eleven o'clock in the morning to one o’clock in the afternoon was held by Hon. Jacob Weidel, Mayor, and he extended a cordial wel- come to a large number of visiting officials. The imposing front of the building and also the bench at the east end of the court room were decorated in a handsome manner, surpassing all previous decorations, and the Germania Band discoursed a fine program of music. Delegations were present from Lan- caster, Lebanon, Harrisburg, West Chester, Altoona, and Wil- mington. hae *s6g1 ‘9 NOL ‘Advuvd SIAID AO GVaH CIVIC PARADE. 233 CIVIC PARADE. Afternoon.—The Civic Parade moved promptly at two o’clock at the tap of the fire alarm. The route was from Second and Penn on the north side of Penn to Perkiomen avenue, south and east on Perkiomen avenue to Seventeenth street, to the right, west on Perkiomen avenue to Penn, south side of Penn to Fifth, east side of South Fifth to Pine, to the right, west side of Fifth, to Franklin, to Fourth, to Penn and dismissed; and the order of the parade was as follows: LINE OF PARADE. Chief Marshal—Harvey J. Fueller. Chief of Staff—Howard L. Boas, and assistant, Ellis B. Moyer. Dis- patch Bearers—B. F. Austrian, W. C. Billman, George W. Billman, Robert P. Shick. : Aids—]. George Hintz, Frank Menges, Rev. Stanley L. Krebs, C, Ed. Mellert, Charles H. Hunter, William B. Eckert, Howard Bright, Jenkin Hill, Charles H. Shick, Frank I. Rauch, Harry S. High, Frank Heilman, Daniel K. Hoch, Charles G. Willson, Robert D. Millholland, Harvey F. Heinly, William S. Monyer, John H. Keppelman, Harry L. Moyer, Edson B. Luigard, William H. Luden, Wellington D. Dundore, William H. Thornley, Irvin G. Miller, J. Harry Moyer, Peter S. Braucher, David C. Lotz, Henry B. Hintz, Charles E. Leippe, James S. Ammon, Edward M. Luden, Edgar W. Alexander, Edward DeLong, Wellington G. Woods, James M. Hutchison, Howard S. Baker, Samuel S. Hoff. First Defenders, (14 in carriages,) with the famous flag which was carried by the Ringgold Light Artillery, when the company went to Washington, D. C., in April, 1861, in response to the call for troops, labelled “‘First Flag of the War;’’? Commander, Jeremiah Seiders. Germania band, M. A. Althouse, leader, 35 men. Executive Committee, James P. Sellers, Chairman; City Officials and Councilmen and the visiting Mayors and delegations of councils, oc- cupying together 25 carriages. FIRST DIVISION. Military:—Marshal, Capt. F. M. Yeager; guide, B. B. Weidner; aids, Dr. F. L. DeGour, Harry Gable, Samuel Donahower; bugler, Jonas Montgomery; color bearer, John Snyder. McLean Post, No. 16, G. A. R., commander, Edward Auman, Bur- key’s Band of Hamburg; Keim post, No..76,G A. R., commander, Lee C. Bricker; Meade Camp Guard, No 16, Sons of Veterans, Capt. Harry Eisenbise, Althouse’s band, of Shoemakersville; Meade Camp, No. 16, Sons of Veterans, Capt. George Eckert; Delegates of Camp Guard of Camp 233, Easton; Camp Guard of Sedgwick Rifles, Lebanon; Battalion, rst regiment United States Reserves. Boys’ Brigade, com- manded by Colonel S. J. Weiler; Lieut. Col., Harry Wieand; Adjutant, H. S. Ficthorn; Quartermaster, Ed. Stoekel; Sergt. Major, H. Yocum; 234 HISTORY OF READING. Chief Musician, Harry Gossler; Color Sergt., Cyrus High; Boys’ drum corps, Newmanstown; st battalion, Major H. Althouse.—Co. B., Capt. William Hinckley.—Co. C., Capt. John E. Hinckley.—Co. G., Capt- Marsh.—Co. L., Capt. Richard Boddy; Fleetwood Guards; 2d Battalion, Major H. S. Homan —Co. F., Lieut Jones.—Co. D., Capt. Fred Weiler- —Co. L, Capt. H. W. Wisler; Colors and Color guards; 3d Battalion, Major William Houck.—Co. E., Capt Harry G. Johnson.—Co. M., Lieut. Charles Lessig.—Co. K., Lieut. Charles Kinsey; and 40 men drawing a piece of artillery, which was borrowed from the 2d Artillerists, Philadelphia. SECOND DIVISION. Post Office: Marshal, Postmaster, John S. Thompson; guide, Ray- mond Diehl; aids, W. F. Kinch, Jerome Seiders and Charles W. Hoover. ‘ Alpha drum corps; Post office clerks and letter carriers in summer uniform. The clerks wore white hats and yellow gloves, the carriers white gloves, who carried their mail bags and wore badges bearing the portrait of postmaster Thompson. Printing:—Marshal, Elmer A. German, aids, Allen H. Ray, M. Luther Mason, Charles S. Butler, William M. Bauman, William H. Rohrbach. Lewis Cadet Band; Reading Typographical Union, No. 86, Capt. James L. Mast; American flag and a large silvered printer’s stick. THIRD DIVISION. Pioneers: Marshal, Jerome L Boyer. Eleven carriages containing 54 pioneer residents of Reading. Memorial Post of Honor, in bearskin caps, gray coats and duck trousers, William Cotterel, captain; Memorial Guard, Capt. E. Morris; Riverside band; Boys’ Brigade drum corps; Baptist Boys’ Brigade, Companies A. and B., Capt., Benj. Kreisher. FOURTH DIVISION. Odd Fellows:—Marshal, Jonas Schmoyer; guide Charles Buckwalter; aids, Adam Schlottman, John Babst, Thomas Morgan, Milton Shirey, H. B. Newpher, S. W. Wenger, John Hand, Thomas Shanaman, Wil- liam H. Matz, Charles B. Albright. Alburtis band; Col. Rile, Philadelphia, 1st regiment, Patriarch Militant and staff; Col. A. W. Wanger, Lancaster; Major Wm. Tonkin, Lancas- ter; Capt. C. Aull,Philadelphia; Capt. J. S. Batroff, Philadelphia; Capt. S. C. Stambaugh, Lebanon; Ensign, William Weidenshime, Philadel- phia; Lieut. Harry Sines, Philadelphia; Canton, No. 25, Uniformed Rank, Lancaster, Capt. J. W. Wengert; Canton, No. 2, Reading, Capt. Rieger; Vigilant lodge, No. 194 captain, Jonas Moyer; Muhlenberg lodge, No. 1,085, captain, Henry Schmeck; eight boys carrying a flag and members in red, white and blue sashes; Oley lodge, No. 218, Thomas D. Becker, captain; Liberty band, Hamburg; Emblematic lodge, No. 169, Irvin Homan, captain; Mt. Penn lodge, No. 518, Capt. CIVIC PARADE. 235 H. B. Newpher; Koscioski lodge, No. 374, Rawlinsville, Lancaster county, Capt. A. Reece; Progressive lodge, No 470; Salome lodge, No. 105; Reading lodge, No. 348; Delegations from Manatawny lodge, Pottstown, Wernersville, Philadelphia, and Myerstown. FIFTH DIVISION. Knights of Friendship:—Marshal, E. A. C. Lohman; guide, Valen- tine Kuhlman; aids, Aug. D. Gerhard, Wm. Woodward, W. D. Fich- thorn, David A Gerhard. Chas Freeman, John W. Orr. Columbia band of Stevens; Reading Consultory, No. 3, full uniform, O. B. Dorward, captain; H. W. Haak Consultory, No. 1. Phillipsburg, Jacob Hedley, captain; Reading Chamber, No. 26, Capt. Adam H. Hoffman; Fidelia Chamber, No. 5, Capt. David Kuser; Charity Cham- ber, No. 23, Capt. Geo. Zerbe; Friendship Chamber, No. 28, Capt. Harry Bressler; Fraternity Chamber, No. 4, Capt. Joseph Hatzel; Lincoln Chamber, No. 36, Capt. D. M. Smith; Delegation from Philadel- phia, with drum corps; True Friendship Chamber, of Norristown, Capt. John Jacobs; Loyal Chamber, of Sinking Spring, Capt. James Ruth. Knights of Friendship Float. Gorgeous affair, with massive arches, the exterior and interior typifying the principles of the order. The roof was supported by six columns and the arches contained red draperies. On the top was the Bible and a globe of the world. Knight junior, knight bachelor, and knight errant, the initiatory degree, were the occupants. It was drawn by four heavy horses. Friendship Chamber Float, containing the ladies of the Knights of Friendship, dressed in red, white and blue. The float was an artistic affair, occupied by young ladies, who wore white, trimmed with red and. blue, and crowns on their heads. Delegation of Knights from Oakland, mounted on horses. Heptasophs:—Marshal, Irvin G. Miller; aids, Charles Bristle, Edward Levan, Charles I. Matz, F. P. Wolfinger, William B. Hafer. Reading Conclave, No 67, and Berks Conclave, No. 133, had a mag- nificent float, drawn by four horses, representing the motto of the order —Fraternity, Truth and Wisdom. SIXTH DIVISION. P.O S. of A:—Marshal, Edwin C. Shaffer; guide, Irvin E. Saylor; aids, Frank Kalbach, Thomas Mull, Charles J. Spohn, John Trout, William S. Ribble, George WV. Wertley, William Moyer, M. S. Brendel. Boys’ Brigade drum corps, Lexington Commandery, No. 2, Captain, E. E. Hummel; Camp No. 89, Captain, John H. Long, dressed in white coats and caps; Birdsboro band, Camp No. 212, Captain, Wm _ L. Rice; wore white duck coats, caps and white gloves; Athletic band; Camp No. 560, Captain, D, P. Kramer; Delegations of Camps 670, 552 and 691 were also in line. SEVENTH DIVISION. Jr. O. U. A. M:—Marshal, R. S. Heckman; guide, George Luigard; assistant marshal, P. S. Hinnershitz; aids, Irvin P. Palm, John W. Clark, C. M. Wheeler, John C. Roop. 236 HISTORY OF READING. Ringgold band, Joseph Winters, leader, 4o men; Combined Reading Councils; Perseverance, No. 19, marshal, Walter Yeich; Resolute, No. 27, marshal, A. F. Croll; Industry, No. 163, marshal, Irvin P. Rahn; Thaddeus Stevens, No. 252, marshal, J] W Clark; Sinking Spring band, Neversink, No. 371, marshal, Oscar Van Buskirk; Samuel J. Randall, No. 448, marshal, C. M. Wheeler; D. J Lang, No. 995, marshal, E. S. Stump; Diligent, No. 4, of Philadelphia, marshal, J. R McKelvey, with guard and band of 37 men; Band; Empire, No. 120; Hamilton, No. 138, marshal, William Jones; U. S. Grant, No. 352, marshal, Jonathan Ley- man; National band, of Pottstown, Pioneer, No 380, marshal, C. Wal- bert; Royersford, No. 521, marshal, Edward Morton; Coventryville, No. 863; Coventryville band, Frank Cockron and Edwin Morris, marshals; Blue Rock, No 904, marshal, Ira P. Dunn; Churchtown band; James E. Hyatt, No. 923, Philadelphia. Float—Miniature school house, carried by Wilmer Crow, Elmer Faust, William Hinnershitz, Harold Werner, and guarded by the Boys’ Brigade of Calvary Reformed church. EIGHTH DIVISION. Catholic Organizations:—Marshal, John J. Kelly; guide, John P. Lenich; aids, Henry J. Schmeider, George H. Felix, Edward P. Morris, Harry A. Bingaman, Andrew Gallman, Edward Tobolski, John F. Tomaszewski, James M. Kase, James Kelly, John Sakiewez, Andrew Shisslak, Thomas Lillis and John Talknowski. Third Brigade band, of Pottsville, 32 pieces; Bonifacius Brotherhood, John Sauer, marshal; Holy Cross Society, Aaron M. Clay, marshal; Emerald Beneficial Association, Patrick Burns, marshal; St. Peter’s T. A. B. Cadet Society and Advance Guard, Daniel F. McCullough, mar- shal: St. Peter’s T. A. B. Society, marshal, Michael P. Connelly; Birds- boro band; St. Cosmos’ Uniformed Guards, marshal, John Sakiewicz; St. Stanislaus’ Society, marshal, Stanislaus Tobolski; St. Joseph’s So- ciety, marshal, Emanuel Richter; St. Paul Commandery, No. 166, Knights of St. John, marshal, Charles Vogel; Perseverance band, of Lebanon, 23 pieces; Division No. 1, Ancient Order of Hibernians, mar- shal, Thomas J, Flemming; St Mary’s Queen of Poland Society, marshal, Michael Jogwiak; St. John the Baptist Society; mar- shal, Joseph Pormey; Lancaster band; Commandery, No. 49, Knights of St John, of Lancaster, with Lancaster band; Columbus Commandery, No. 271, Knights of St. John, marshal, Capt. M. J. Selling; St. Albert’s Society, marshal, John Tylowski. NINTH DIVISION. Knights of Pythias:—Marshal, C. J. Bonawitz; guide, Sergt. Maj. Geo. L. Diefenderfer; aids, Charles F. Linde, Col. Willis H. Faber, Col. J. M. Newhart, Capt. Wm. H. Warner, Capt. S. Skeen, Lieut. C. M. Deem. Bernville band; Co. 44, U. R. K. of P., Reading, Capt. C. W. Gerhart; Delegations from Friendship, No. 5; Mt. Penn, No 65, Mohnsville, No. 483; Lexington, No. 155, and Robesonia. CIVIC PARADE. 237 TENTH DIVISION. Knights of the Mystic Chain:—Marshal, Howard J. Borkert; guide, Edward Landis; aids, Charles Auge, Edward Kramer, Albert Lord. Citizens’ band, Mohnsville; Reading Commandery, company D, uni- formed rank; marshal, Albert Lord; Alpha, Neversink and Marion Castles, visiting knights. Float representing castle of the 15th century. ELEVENTH DIVISION. American Protestant Associations:—-Marshal, H. J. Pflum; guide, Harrison Houck; aids, Frank Fisher, Harry Button. Electric drum corps; combined lodges of the American Protestant Association, including Hope, No. 1; Wadence, No. 16; Liberty, No. 3, Philadelphia, and No. 104, of Reading, Henry J. Bloom, marshal; National Grand Master Elias MacDonald, of Phila., was in command. TWELFTH DIVISION. German Societies:—Marshal, Louis Hermann. This division con- sisted of two floats; one by the Bavarian society with young ladies dressed in white; the other by the Cannstatter society, with little girls dressed in white and a fruit column in the centre. THIRTEENTH DIVISION. Knights of the Golden Eagle:—Marshal, Ellis B. Moyer, guide, E. B. Slichter; aids, Charles Corkhill, David Sands, David Snyder, H. M. Heffner, N. S. Hoffman, W. S. Miller and J, P. Sands; Lieut. Gen. Reinicke in carriage. St. Lawrence band; Harris Commandery, Philadelphia, Capt. Geo. W. Dooley; Blue Cross Commandery, Lancaster, Capt. E. F. Farrier; Elmo Commandery, Altoona, Capt. E. E. Ashman; Keystone Com- mandery, Reading, Capt J. E. Grill; Mt. Penn Commandery, Reading, Capt. J. A. Fichthorn; St. Bernard Commandery, Reading, Capt. W. H. Houck; combined Castles of Reading, Capt. David Sands; Red Cross Commandery, Nicetown, Philadelphia, Capt. Jos. Garwood. Float, ‘‘Pilgrim,’’ consisted of arches on a wagon, gaily decorated with flags and bunting and full degree team in uniform. Float, “Knight,” presented royal chamber with degree team seated under canopy. Float, ‘Crusaders,’ Wisdom Castle, 488, degree team had charge, decorated with flags and buntings. Float, ‘Ladies’ Temple,’ consisted of two sailboats mounted on a wagon, the degree teams of the various Ladies’ auxiliaries occupying seats dressed in full regalia. Ladies of the Golden Eagle, in carriages. FOURTEENTH DIVISION. Knights of Malta:—Marshal, E. E. Taylor; guide, E. D. Levan; aid Albert E. Palm. Nantmeal band; Mystic Star commandery, No. 47, Knights of Malta, A. H. Boyer, captain. Members of the order were present from Phila- 238 HISTORY OF READING. delphia, Hazleton, Berwick, Allentown, Slatington, besides members of the grand lodge. FIFTEENTH DIVISION. Foresters:—Marshal, Charles A. Horn; guide, Benjamin F. Hartz; aids, Alfred Rogers, Ambrose Lenich, Benjamin Paradise, A. hk. Moyer; general chairman, W. G. Edwards. Winona band, Mohnsville; Court Lancaster, Lancaster, W. C. Acker, captain; Iroquois band, Lancaster; Court Neversink, captain, Henry Lord; Court Reading, captain, Henry Rodgers; National band, Potts- .town; Court Progress, captain, Geo. Kemp; Court Victory, captain, Ed. Showers; Court Wyomissing, captain, A. K. Moyer; Court Sylvan, Potts- town, leader, A. Brown. By the reports made to the Chief Marshal, there were in line 5937 persons. Signal Corps.—The signal corps, provided by the committee, of which Charles H. Armour was chairman, was admirably con- ducted, and facilitated the movements of the parade in a note- worthy manner. The corps comprised a chief signal officer, Thomas E. Weber, and 22 flag bearers, all of whom carried two flags, one white with a square blue center, and the other red with a square white centre. While the column moved along without interruption, the white flag was waved incessantly; but when a halt became necessary or a break arose, the red flag was waved until the obstruction was removed. The corps ren- dered valuable services in all the parades. £vening.—The Committee on Fireworks gave a brilliant dis- play of fireworks in Penn Common at the second turn in the boulevard from 8.30 to 9.30 o’clock, which was witnessed and admired by many thousands of people in all parts of Reading, particularly in the Common and vicinity. It was seen for many miles to the west in Lebanon Valley and to the north in Schuyl- kill Valley. The public appreciation in the Common was mani- fested by loud demonstrations of applause. A kite display was given by William A. Eddy, of Bayonne, N. J., in connection with the fireworks which was a complete success. It was the first time in this country that lanterns and red fire were attached to a kite-string simultaneously. Three kites were successfully floated, one seven feet in diameter and the other two six feet. The kites were attached to a cable 2000 feetlong. The large kite was raised 400 feet high and the smaller ones 1500 feet. They remained fixed for nearly three j WOMAN’S DAY. 239 hours and could be plainly seen. Six lanterns, red, white and green, were attached to the main cable and they illuminated the kite string brilliantly. At 11 o’clock a large national flag was sent up in the air toa distance of 250 feet. And while these displays were going on, a powerful search-light, stationed on the top of the prison tower, was thrown in all directions over the surrounding earth and into the sky, and its piercing beam inthe darkness presented a striking appearance. It was frequently thrown upon the kites. These three displays together afforded an entertainment whose unique character exceeded everything of a free public exhibition heretofore given at Reading. A search light was also operated on the roof of the Grand Opera House for a similar, display in the interior part of the city. The Reception and Entertainment Committee, of which Mrs. Daniel Ermentrout was Chief Directress, gave a reception at the Neversink Mountain Hotel to the guests of the Woman’s Com- mittee from 8.30 to 10.30 0’clock in the evening. The Chiet Directress was assisted by Mrs. Wm. R. MclIlvain and Mrs. J. Wilhelm Hartmann in welcoming the guests and presenting them to the members of the Woman’s Committee and a large number of other persons who called to pay their respects. More than thirty distinguished guests were received during the evening, in- cluding Mrs. Daniel H. Hastings, (wife of the governor of Penn’a), Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, (State Regent of Colonial Dames), Mrs. Anita Newcombe McGee, ( Vice President General Daughters American Revolution), Mrs. N. D. Sperry, (also Vice Pres. Gen. D. A. R.), and Mrs. Thos. Roberts (State Regent of D. A. R.) After the reception, luncheon was served in the spacious dining room of the hotel, 134 persons partici- pating; a special orchestra furnished a select program of music during the entire evening. TUESDAY, JUNE 7TH. Morning. —The Academy of Music was handsomely decorated by the Committees on Decorations for Woman’s Day, and it presented a superb appearance for the public reception to the invited guests. Henry M. Keim, Chairman of Woman's Com- mittee, at 10 o'clock, opened the meeting with a short address. The invited guests and members of the Committee, numbering over 150, were on the stage, and most of the seats in the audi- 240 HISTORY OF READING. torium were occupied. Mrs. Danie] Ermentrout, Chief Direc- tress of the Committee, presided over the meeting and remarks on different prominent topics were made by the following dis- tinguished women: Mrs. Horace Brock, president of Federa- tion of Penna. Women; Mrs. Anita Newcomb McGee, Vice President General D. A. R., and Director of Hospital Corps, Mrs. Thomas D. Roberts, State Regent of D. A. R., and Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, State Regent of the Colonial Dames. The essay by Mrs. Edward Robins, secretary of the Audubon Society of Penna., on ‘‘Bird Protection’? was read by Mrs. de B. Randolph Keim, owing to her unavoidable absence. The program included selections of vocal music by a woman’s chorus, with Prof. E. A. Berg as director, and instrumental music by the Germania band. A public reception was tendered to educators in the Court room from 11 o’clock to 1 o’clock, and while the guests were be- ing welcomed by the Committee on Reception, Gen. David McM. Gregg, chairman, and introductions made to numerous com- mitteemen and the citizens generally, the Ringgold Band dis- coursed a fine program of music. Mrs. Daniel Ermentrout tendered a public reception at her residence, ‘‘Graustein,’’ on the Hill Road, from 3 to 60’clock to the distinguished women who spoke in the Academy of Music during the morning exercises. Many leading citizens of Read- ing were present, and the occasion was one of the most brilliant social events in the history of the city. SCHOOL PARADE. Afternoon.—The parade of the school children was held during the afternoon, and it was the most successful public demonstration of the kind ever witnessed at Reading. In every way it was a perfect success. All the pupils were not inthe pro- cession, and they were not expected to be, but they were largely represented, sufficiently so to demonstrate the strength, influence and excellence of the system of education in the community. The total number in line has been estimated at 9000. All walked, marshals, aids, committees, officers, teachers and chil- dren. There were no horses nor conveyances in line. The route of the parade was up Penn street from Third to Eleventh, thence to Washington, thence to Park circle, thence “s6y1 ‘2 ANOL ‘ddvu¥d IOOHOS 4O GVHH SCHOOL PARADE. 24 to the right along the prison to the Park entrance, thence along Penn street to Fourth, and dismissed; and the line of march was as follows:— LINE OF PARADE. Chief Marshal, City Superintendent, E. Mackey. Chief of staff:—J. George Hintz; aids, J. Ed. Wanner, (president of School Board), Albert R. Hoover, (treasurer), Francis S. Roland (secretary), R. A. Townsend, James Kase, Frederick Stephan, Augus- tus Bartels, George S Wagner, Wm. McClellan, Jenkin Hill, David C. Lotz, Samuel S. Hoff, James S. Ammon, Charles L. Moll, Jeremiah Seiders, James M. Hutchison, Wm. H. Luden, Caleb J. Bieber, Harvey F. Heinly, Howard L. Boas, Henry B. Hintz, Harvey J. Fueller, Fred- erick Stephan, Jr., Walter S. Miller, Adolph Kauffman, and all the members of the School Board, (whose names appear in Part 4. ) FIRST DIVISION. Boys’ High School, Prof. M. E. Scheibner, principal, in command; total boys in line, 2rr. ist Battalion, Class of 1898, Charles S. Foos, major; Edwin L. Hettinger and Oliver J. Wolff, captains.—2nd Battalion, Class of 1899, Frank Hankinson, major; Charles S. Lessig, Aitken Frankhouser and Wilbur F. Price, captains.—ard Battalion, Class of tgoo, Walter S. Harley, major; J. H. Graeff, Stanley F. Bingaman and Charles T. Bates, captains.—4th Battalion, Class of 1901, Levi Mengel and Frank C. Rex, majors; Forrest G. Schaeffer. Leroy Marshall, Joseph Ulman and Samuel J. Lockhart, captains. Boys were dressed in dark suits, white canvas hats with bands of class colors, and carried canes. Girls’ High School, J Ellsworth Hinkley in command; total girls in line, 191. 1st Battalion, Class of 1898, M. Geyer, major; Helen Strunk and Mary Roehrig, captains.—2nd Battalion, Class of 1899, Margaret Gossler; major; Bessie Seiders and Elizabeth Horner, captains.—3rd Battalion, Class of 1900, Mabel Senior, major; Florence Miller and Maud Belle- mere, captains.—4th Battalion, class of 1901, Florence Burkey, major; Bessie Frantz, Cora Davis and Laura Rote, captains. Girls were dressed in dark skirts, white waists, and sailor hats with bands of class colors. They marched in an admirable manner and won applause along the en- tire route. SECOND DIVISION. Jesse Orr Building, William Hinkley in command; total in line 138. M. B. Kreisher, major; Grammar Grade, Nora C. Moyer, teacher.—Male Secondary, Lucy M. Rorke, teacher.—Female Secondary, Sarah Laub, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Mary E. Swartz, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Annie E. Howell, teacher.—Male Primary, Gertrude E. Barber, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Alice H. Goodhart, teacher.—Female Primary» Jennie P. Morris, teacher. Dressed as follows: Girls in white dresses 242 HISTORY OF READING. red sashes, black student caps, and small U. S. flags as badges; boys in black knee breeches, white blouses, red neckties, and black student caps. THIRD DIVISION. Harry G: Davis in command. : Bingaman and Orange Building; total in line, 136. William Hulsizer, colonel; Arthur Merget, lieutenant colonel.—Male Grammar, Mary E. Jones, teacher.—Female Grammar, Amanda G. Jones, teacher.—Male Secondary, May M. Sauerbier, teacher.—Advanced Primary, Mrs. Maggie J. Thomas, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Kate E. Flemming, teacher.—Female Primary, Ellen Fink, teacher. Girls wore white dresses and white Tam O’Shanter hats; boys, dark trousers, white shirts, belts and caps. All wore dark blue badges with national flags, Thomas Severn Building; total in line, 187 —Advanced Secondary, Anna L. Parker, teacher —Male Secondary, Agnes Driscoll, teacher.— Female Secondary, Kate Wittich, teacher.—Male Advanced Primary, Susan Matz, teacher. Female Advanced Primary, Mary Thomas, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Sarah Bernhart, ‘teacher.—Male Primary, Emma J. Gragg, teacher —Female Primary, Kate O'Reilly, teacher.— Girls all in white, with sash of national colors; boys in white shirts, dark trousers, and belts and ties in national colors. Ninth and Spruce Building; total in line, 222. Howard Roland, colonel; George Miller, lieutenant colonel.—Advanced Secondary, Maggie L. Howell, teacher.—Secondary, Esther E. Rice, teacher.— Advanced Primary, Josephine Murray, teacher.—Advanced Primary, Emily Willson and Beulah Davies,teachers.—Primary, Martha E. Homan, Lucy Lawrence and Marian J. Wesley, teachers. Girls dressed in white dresses, white caps and blue sashes; boys in white shirts and caps, dark trousers, blue neckties, blue and white striped belts. FOURTH DIVISION. Reuben Smink in command. Hagenman Building; totalin line 166. Arthur L. Smink, lieutenant- colonel.—Advanced Secondary, Annie Shaaber, teacher.—Female Adv. Sec., Martha L. Stahle, teacher.— Male Secondary, Grace A. Osborne, teacher.—Female Secondary, E. Alice Homan, teacher.— Male Adv. Prim., Maggie Ray, teacher.—Female Adv. Primary, Alice S. Ganser, teacher.—Male Primary, Annie Beyler, teacher.—Female Primary, A. Lizzie Radford, teacher. Girls dressed in red, white and blue waists _and caps, trimmed in national colors; boys in dark suits and white caps, with red, white and blue bands; and both wearing light blue badges. FIFTH DIVISION. James Kase in command. Daniel McCullough, aid; total in line 250. St. Peter’s Parochial School. Boys:—Harry Bingham, colonel; Michael Frantz, lieutenant-colonel; Edward McCann, William Day and Francis Ganter, captains. Girls:— Marie Swartz, colonel; Mary Conner, lieutenant-colonel; Mary McCann, Nellie Fessler and Grace Fordyce, SCHOOL PARADE. 243 captains. Girls dressed in white; boys in dark pantaloons and white waists; all carried national flags. George Lerch Building; 181 in line. Harry Moyer, colonel; Neal Nyce, lieutenant-colonel. Grammar Grade, Lina M. Roland, teacher.— Male Adv. Sec., Ada W. Ribble, teacher.—Female Adv. Sec., Jessie F. Hughes, teacher..—Mixed Secondary, Annie Fink, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Mary Ribble, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Ettie Woltkill, teacher.—Male Primary, Myra Eisenhower, teacher.—Female Primary, Irene Miller, teacher. Girls dressed in white, white caps and red, white and blue ribbon, carrying Japanese parasols; boys in dark suits, white ties and white caps, with national colors. Boys of primary grade with white suits, white caps and national colors. SIXTH DIVISION. George C. Houck in command. Chestnut Street Building; total in line, 150. Edward A. Stoeckel, ‘colonel. Male Grammar, Louise Werner, teacher.—Female Grammar, Lillie Schoener, teacher.—Female Secondary, Elizabeth W. Davies, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Ida C. Koch, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Lilla Snyder, teacher.—Male Primary. Lillie Peacock, teacher —Female Primary, Daisy Keim, teacher.—Male Primary, Norma C. Geiger, teacher. Girls dressed in white with belts and ties of national colors; grammar grade with Anthony Wayne hats trimmed with rosettes in na- tional colors and crossed flags; primary grade with Tam O’Shanter hats and scarfs of national or city colors. Grammar boys, dark suits, white -caps and alternating red, white and blue scarfs, and canes with national colors. Primary boys, white suits and caps, and Tam O’Shanter hats, and belts and ties of national colors. Franklin Street Building; total in line, 129. Albert E. Luiphard colonel;. Holden Stott, lieutenant colonel.—Female Adv. Sec., Mary M. Ketrer, teacher.—Male Adv. Sec., Beckie Warley, teacher —Male Sec- ondary, Myrtie Hergesheimer, teacher.—Female Secondary, Sallie A. Green, teacher.—Male Advanced Primary, Mary Connelly, teacher.— Female Adv. Prim., Ida K. Hoffmaster teacher.—Male Primary, Mar- garet M. Wagner, teacher.—Female Primary, Lizzie W. Moyer, teacher. Girls in white with scarfs of national colors and sailor or Tam O’Shanter hats with national colors. Boys in dark pants, white waists and scarfs, white caps and ties with national colors, carrying canes with United States flags attached. ; SEVENTH DIVISION. Edward E. Hummel in command. Ricktown Building; total in line, 193. William Rhoads, colonel. Secondary, Sue C. Sheeler, teacher.—Advanced Primary, Clemmie Roberts and Alice R. Bechtel, teachers.—Primary, Margaret Herner and Margie Kantner, teachers.—Mixed Primary, Laura L. Kantner, teacher. Girls wore dark blue skirts, white blouses and red poke bonnets; boys, dark trousers, white caps, blouses and leggings, and ties and belts of national colors. 244 HISTORY OF READING, Washington Street Building; total in line, 238. George Schaum, colonel; Walter Dearolf, major. Male Grammar, Amelia C. Hobson, teacher.—Female Grammar, Emma L. Hahn, teacher.—Male Adv. Sec., Sallie C. Morris, teacher.—Female Adv. Sec., Clara Boyer, teacher.— Male Secondary, Ruth D. Smedley, teacher—Female Secondary, S. Emma Moyer, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Annie E. Mans- field, teacher.—Female Ady. Prim., Lizzie Jones, teacher.—Male Primary, Gertrude Ziegler, teacher —Mixed Primary, Mary Addams, teacher.—Female Primary, Myriam Geiger, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Ruth P. Clouse, teacher. Grammar and Advanced Secondary schools, boys wore ordinary dress and white caps and badges, and girls, dark skirts, white waists and yachting caps, red belts and badges; other girls dressed in white, trimmed in national colors, and other boys in dark trousers, white waists and pilot caps with regalias of national colors. Pear and Buttonwood Streets Building; total in line ror.—Male Adv. Prim., Mrs. Emma L. Foreman, teacher —Female Adv. Prim, Annie Hutchinson, teacher.—Female Primary. Irma M. Wells, teacher.—Male Primary, Mattie C. Koch, teacher Girls in white dresses with sashes and baker caps of national colors; boys in white waists and caps with sashes, ties and trimmings of national colors. EIGHTH DIVISION. Augustus Bartels in command. St. John’s Parochial School; 120 in line. Augustus Lessig, colonel. Boys: -Max Koftke, captain; girls:-Mamie Lencke, captain; teachers, C. M. Wonnberger, Jennie Hamel and Annie Welte. Girls were dressed in white with white caps and red, white and blue sashes; and boys in white suits with white caps and red, white and blue belts. Lewis Briner Building; total in line, 160. J. H. Seiders, colonel; Jay Seltzer, lieutenant-colonel.-- Male Adv. Sec., Araminta B. Richards, teacher.—Female Adv. Sec , Minerva E. Clous. teacher.—Male Second- ary, Amelia Miller, teacher.—Female Secondary, Agnes Wilson, teacher.—Made Adv. Prim., Bessie B. Shanaman, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Mary M. Rice, teacher.—Male Primary, Mary M. Rowe, teacher.—Female Primary, Esther Geissenhainer, teacher. Girls in white dresses and caps, trimmed in national colors, carrying silk parasols in national colors; boys in white caps and blouses and dark trousers, belts in national colors, carrying United States flags. NINTH DIVISION. Harry H. Fichthorn, colonel in command, and Charles Deem, lieu- tenant-colonel. Poplar Street Building; total in line, 218.—Male Adv. Sec , Annie M, Huebner, teacher.—Male Secondary, Mrs. Emma C. Noll, teacher. — Female Secondary, Kate Eckert, teacher.—Male Adv Prim., Emily Jones and Annie E. Acker, teachers.—Female Adv. Prim., Agnes S. DeHart, teacher.—Male Primary, Alice Aulenbach, teacher.—Female Primary, Melissa M. Howell, teacher. Girls in white dresses and caps SCHOOL PARADE. 245 trimmed in national colors; boys in white blouses and caps, dark trousers, brown leggings with ties and trimmings in national colors. St. Paul’s Parochial School. Boys, total in line, 284; Willie Rehr, colonel; John Maurer, lieutenant-colonel.—ist Class, Erasmus Duppius, teacher.—2nd Class, Sister Concordia, teacher.—3rd Class, Sister Eveline, teacher.—4th Class, Sister Emmerana, teacher.—sth Class, Sister Donatiana, teacher. Girls, total in line, 260; Josephine Braun, colonel; Lena Heere, lieutenant-colonel —1st Class, Sister Baptista, teacher.—2nd Class, Sister Reinolda, teacher.—3rd Class, Sister Lud- mille, teacher.—4th Class, Sister Seraphina, teacher.— 5th Class, Sister Francis de Chantal, teacher. Girls in white with large bow on left shoulder in national colors, Tam O’Shanter hats trimmed with national emblems, carrying Chinese parasols with loops of national colors Boys in white blouses, black trousers with white stripes, white caps and canes with national colors; and each boy had a large letter on his breast, showing the word St. Paul's in every platoon of 8. Phillippi Building; total in line, 24; William Roberts, Major. Female Grammar, Mary Yohn, teacher.—Male Grammar, Emma M. German, teacher. Girls in dark skirts, white waists and sailor hats, trimmed with class colors in orange and blue. Boys in white shirts and caps and dark trousers, trimmed with class colors, violet and white. H. S. Eckert Building; total in line, 154. Frank Paff and Edward Seiforth, colonels; William Kelly, lieutenant-colonel. Female Ady. Sec., Annie M. Wunder, teacher.—Male Adv. Sec., Rebecca A. Evans, teacher —Female Secondary, Mary M. Babb, teacher.—Male Secondary, Debbie Boone, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim, Clara J. Lott, teacher.— Male Adv. Prim., Clara Wonnberger, teacher.—Female Primary, Mrs. Lillie Ritter, teacher.—Male Primary, Dorothea Miller, teacher. Girls wore white dresses with belts and caps trimmed in national colors; boys wore dark trousers, white shirts, caps and belts trimmed in na- tional colors. TENTH DIVISION. Harry A. Heckman in command. Elm Street Building; total in line, 171. John R. Leary, colonel; Frederick Weiler, lieutenant-colonel; George Rogers, major; Leroy Yocom, sergeant-major.—Male grammar, Almira J. Wobensmith, teacher.—Mixed Secondary, Jennie A. Miller, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Amanda E. Stout, teacher, Female Adv. Prim., Lou M. Liggett, teacher.—Female Primary, Kate Marsh, teacher.—Male Primary, Ida R. East, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Anna L. Gragg, teacher.—Male Primary, Clara E. Hyneman, teacher. Girls dressed in white with pink badges; boys of grammar school in dark suits and white caps and pink badges; and of primary schools, dark trousers and white waists and caps with pink badges. : a ; Twelfth and Buttonwood Streets Building; total in line, 104. Warren Eshbach, colonel. Male Adv. Sec., Maggie C. O'Rourke, teacher.— Advanced Primary, Helen Sauerbier, teacher.—Male Primary, Katherine 246 HISTORY OF READING. Goodhart, teacher. —Female Primary, Lizzie Hutchinson, teacher. Girls wore white dresses, red, white and blue sashes, and white caps; boys, dark trousers, dark blue caps, and white shirts; Male Adv. Sec, red badges, and the others, light blue badges. ELEVENTH DIVISION E. Augustus Lohman in command. John S. Richards Building, total in line, 202. Female Adv. Sec., Jane C. Wentzel, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim , Irene Spohn, teacher.— Female Adv. Prim., Maggie C. Murray, teacher.—Male Primary, Lizzie J. Levan, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Anna N. Levan, teacher.—Female Primary, Vinnie I. De Haven teacher. Girls dressed in white, trimmed in national colors. Boys in white belts and caps in national colors St. Mary’s Parochial School; total in line, roo; Roman Ratajcrak, colonel; Joseph Boginski, lieutenant-colonel; Sister Francisca, teacher. Girls wore white dresses, Tam O’Shanter hats with bands and sashes in national colors; boys’ dark trousers, white waist and caps, with bands, ties and belts in national colors. TWELFTH DIVISION. Harry G. Johnson in command. Tenth and Green Streets Building, No. 1; total in line, 125. Blanche Bowman, major; Female Advanced Secondary, Ida E. Rothenberger, teacher.—Female Secondary, Kate M. Evans, teacher.—Female Ad- vanced Primary, Mary I. Fisher, teacher.—Female Primary, Alice Davis, teacher. Girls wore red, white and blue skirts, white Tam O’Shanter hats and Sesqui-Centennial button badges with red and white ribbons. Tenth and Green Streets Building, No. 2; total in line, 79 Calvin Stuber, admiral. Male Adv. Sec., Hannah E. Fichthorn, teacher.— Male Secondary, Huldah Boyer, teacher.—Male Adv Prim., Edith A. White, teacher.—Male Primary, Caroline E. Rees, teacher. Costumed as officers and sailors according to the full regulations of the United States Navy. For exact marching and fine appearance, this school was awarded a beautiful national flag. Mulberry Street Building; total in line, 169; John Murray, major.— Mixed Secondary, Sallie M. Marsh, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Anna A, Rapp, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Margaret Reifsnyder, teacher.— Female Adv. Prim., Mary M. Hamer, teacher.—Female Primary, Kate M. Knabb, Blanche Maguire and Amanda De H. Woodward, teachers. —Male Primary, Mame Hemmig and Ruth Bryson, teachers. Girls wore white dresses and white Tam O’Shanter hats; boys, dark trousers, white blouses and caps; and all a mulberry leaf as an emblem. THIRTEENTH DIVISION. Jerome Seiders in command. Tenth and Douglass Streets Building; total in line, 172,—Male Grammar, Kate E. Barton, teacher.—Mixed Adv. Prim., Naomi Kinsey, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim , Annie M. Shearer, teacher.—Male Adv. SCHOOL PARADE. 247 Prim., Florence Fink, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Sarah Clark teacher.— Male Primary, Alice Hawk, teacher.—Female Primary, Annie Miller, Effie Hemmig, teachers. All dressed as Scotch Highlanders, with caps, kilts and sashesin shepherd’s plaid. and presented a very fine appearance. Twelfth and Greenwich Streets Building; total in line 196. Harry S Brown, colonel.—Female Adv. Sec., Emma C. Houder, teacher.— Mixed Secondary, Minnie Bollman, teacher.—Female Secondary, Edith R. Mengel, teacher.—Female Adv Prim., Rebecca Albright, teacher.— Female primary, Mary H. Brown, teacher.— Male Adv. Prim., Anna L Glase, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Eugenia Ermentrout, teacher.—Male Primary, Berta Jones, teacher. Girls and boys wore white suits and caps and red sashes. FOURTEENTH DIVISION. George Trievel in command. Marion Street Building; total in line. 189. Jacob Rothenberger, colonel.—Female Secondary, Clara J Kissinger, teacher.—Male Secon- dary, Mayflower Breeze, teacher —Female Adv. Prim., Kate M. Det- weiler, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim , Lottie C. Haage, teacher ~ Primary, Laura Eisenhower, Martha Goodenough, Carrie N. From and Mary Fegely, teachers. Girls wore white dresses and caps with sashes and cap trimmings in national colors; boys, white waists, dark trousers, with scarfs and yachting caps in national colors. Twelfth and Windsor Streets Building; total in line, 192; Thomas. Gring, colonel.—Advanced Secondary, Annie J. H. Printz, teacher.— Female Secondary, Rosa McConnell, teacher.—Male Secondary, Annie Reaser, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Mabel M. Eby, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Emma R. Boone, teacher.—Male Primary, Helen Anthony, teacher.—Female Primary, Zettan Gordon, teacher.— Mixed Primary, Annie McDonough, teacher. Girls wore white dresses, blue sashes, white caps with scarlet bows on left side; boys, white waists, dark trous- ers, blue sashes, white caps decorated with small flags. Tenth and Union Streets Building; totalin line, 95. Mixed Adv. Prim , E. Caroline Schantz, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Katherine B. Eby, teacher.— Male Primary, Ida R. Kirn, teacher.—Female Primary, Anna S. Rankin, teacher. Girls in white dresses and caps, and sashes of national colors. Boys in white blouses, dark knee pants, regalias in na- tional colors, white caps in national colors, and Fontleroy sashes. Spring and Moss Streets Building; totalin line, 107. H. W. Leinbach, colonel. -Grammar, Lottie C. Reiley. teacher.—Advanced Primary, Rosa Ernst, teacher.—Male Primary, Eva Rudisill, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Florence Clous, teacher. Girls in white dresses and caps and belts of national colors. Boys in white blouses and caps and ties in national colors. Eleventh and Pike Streets Building; total in line, 80. C.E. Wells, colonel.—Male Adv. Sec., Meta Orff, teacher.—Mixed Adv. Prim., Ella Tice, teacher.—Mixed Primary, E. Geneva McDonough, teacher —Male 248 HISTORY OF READING. Primary, Bessie Mason, teacher. Girls in white dresses, Tam O’Shan- ter hats, and sashes in national colors; boys in dark trousers, white waists and caps and sashes in national colors. FIFTEENTH DIVISION. William K. Cotterel in command. McKnight Building; total in line, 77. Albert Lipphard, lieutenant-colo- nel.—Mixed Adv. Sec., Ida E. Ligget, teacher.—Secondary, Estella K. Reider, teacher,—Advanced Primary, Mary Summons, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Laura H. Mills, teacher. Girls in white dresses, blue sashes, red caps and badges; boys in dark trousers, white shirts, blue neck ties, red caps and badges. Howard Griesemer was dressed as ‘‘Uncle Sam.”’ Bechteltown Building; total in line, 88. David Faust, major; Second- ary, Ida Hobson, teacher.—Advanced Primary, Elizabeth Edwards and Anna L. Heilig. teachers.—Primary, Margaret Cotterel and Sallie G. Goodman, teachers. Girls wore white dresses and Tam O’Shanter hats with bands and sashes in national colors; boys, dark trousers, white waists and caps, with red, white and blue belts and bands; and all Ses- qui-Centennial button badges. Spring and Church Streets Building; total in line, 58. Charles Laramy, major.—Female Grammar, Fannie E. Hobson,teacher.—Advanced Prim. , Bertha Gordon, teacher.—Male Primary, Lizzie Miller, teacher.—Female Primary, Naomi Ermentrout, teacher. Girls in white dress and caps trimmed in national colors; boys, in dark trousers, white waist and caps trimmed in national colors. SIXTEENTH DIVISION. . Charles H. Kiesling in command. J H. Jacobs’ Building; total in line, 62. Harry Miller, colonel; Edw. Schmauder, lieut.-colonel.—Advanced Secondary, Annie McMichael, teacher.—Advanced Primary, Lizzie Bingaman, teacher.—Primary, S. Emma Ziemer, teacher. Girls dressed in white; boys in dark trousers, white blouses and belts in red, white and blue; both wore white caps with red, white and blue bands. Schuylkill Avenue Building, No. 1; total in line, 89. W. F Slider, colonel; Jos. Matz, lieut.-col.—Advanced Secondary, Annie E. Rettew, teacher.—Male Primary, Bessie Ziegler, teacher.—Male Advanced Prim- ary, Carrie K. Jones, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Estella B. Keppelman, teacher. Girls and boys in regular dress with white hats. Schuylkill Avenue Building No. 2; total in line, So. Mixed Grammar, May C. Ermentrout, teacher.—Secondary, Catharine Young, teacher.— Female Adv. Prim., Carrie M. Rhoads, teacher.—Female Primary, Jose- phine Goodman, teacher. Pupils wore school dress and white hats. SEVENTEENTH DIVISION. David F. Printz in command. Samuel Frees Building; total in line, 171. William H. Bellman, colonel, Male Secondary, Sallie D. Missimer, teacher.—Advanced SCHOOL PARADE. 249 Primary, Annie I. Seiders, teacher.—Male Primary, Alma B. McMichael teacher.—Male Primary, Sallie A, Darrah, teacher.—Mixed Primary, Marie E. Gragg, teacher.— Female Primary, Estella L. Baker, teacher.— Advanced Primary, Clara Jackson, teacher.—Female Adv. Prim., Net- tie V. Hughes, teacher. Girls dressed in white, and white caps in national colors. Boys in white waists and caps trimmed in national colors. Male Secondary dressed in white hats and blouses and carried tin axes. Seventeenth and Cotton Streets Building; total in line, 75; D. A Sny- der, colonel.— Female Adv. Prim., Mary S. Herbein, teacher.—Male Adv. Prim., Caroline E. Cressman, teacher.—Male Primary, Elizabeth Yorgey, teacher.—Female Primary, Florence Smith, teacher. Girls in white dresses and caps and red badges. Boys in white waists and caps, and belts in red, white and blue. Perkiomen Avenue Building; total in line, 204; Charles Longacre, colonel.—Male Grammar, Fannie I. Hughes, teacher.—Female Gram- mar, Elberta Richards, teacher.—Male Adv. Sec., Mary J. Murray, teacher.—Mixed Adv. Sec., Clara L. Maxton, teacher —Mixed Secon- dary, Mrs. Sallie B. Kutz, teacher.—Mixed Adv. Prim., Anna Clouser, teacher.—Male Primary, Kate Mitchell, teacher.—Female Primary, Annabel Ruth, teacher. Girls in white trimmed in ‘national colors; and of grammar department carried Japanese parasols; boys of gram- mar grade wore dark trousers with white stripes, dark coats, white caps and ties in national colors, carrying canes, and of Advanced Secondary, dark trousers, with white stripes, white waists and caps and belts in national colors. Sixteenth and Haak Streets Building; total in line, 84; Charles Wick, colonel.—Mixed Secondary, Emily F. Pollard, teacher.—Mixed Adv. Prim., Martha S. Bower, teacher.—Male Primary, Lulu Harrison, teacher.—Female Primary, Gertrude Gerhart, teacher. Girls in white; boys in white blouses and dark trousers; all wearing white hats; guards carrying guns. Preparation for Parade.—For some weeks before the Ses- qui-Centennial, the pupils of all the schools, from the lowest grade to the highest, were drilled in marching evolutions, and they showed great interest in the exercise. The movements were generally made on the streets in the vicinity of the respec- tive buildings, and they attracted much attention throughout the city. The parents generally encouraged the undertaking, and willingly supplied the extra dress and decoration for the parade. When the day came, the community was naturally excited, and took unusual interest in the proposed public demonstration. The display proved a wonderful success and highly gratifying to everybody. It was admittedly the greatest and best of all the 250 HISTORY OF READING. displays. The numerous pages taken up in this volume in its presentation are entirely warranted, and the Committee on His- tory expressed regret that the names of all pupils, who acted as officers of the respective companies, could not be made a part of this report. Prize Flag.—Wm. Blough, representing the Blough Manu- facturing Co., manufacturers of flags, of Harrisburg, having sold a large number of national flags at Reading for the Sesqui-Cen- tennial, and appreciating the School Parade, offered a fine bunt- ing flag, 12 by 18 feet, as a prize for the building whose pupils showed the highest number of points as to number, appearance and marching, and he selected four judges to award the prize. After the parade, the flag was awarded to the school from Tenth and Green Building. The averages of the several buildings were as follows:— Boys’ High School, 60; Girls’ High School, 90; Girls’ High School, second division, 75; Girls’ High School, third division, 85; Seventh and Laurel, 75; Ninth and Spruce, $0; Franklin and Peach, 75; St. Peter’s, 75; Sixth and Chestnut, So; Chestnut and Carpenter, 90; Third and Franklin, 70; Hockley Lane, 80; Washington Street, 75; Buttonwood and Pear, 70; St. John’s, 65; Fourth and Elm, 65; Poplar Street, 70; St. Paul’s, 75; Tenth and Walnut, 85; Tenth and Washington, 70; Ninth and Elm, 87; Twelfth and Buttonwood, 80; Twelfth and Chestnut, 80; St. Mary’s, 70; Tenth and Green, 90; Mulberry street, 85; Tenth and Douglass, 90; Twelfth and Greenwich, 70; Ninth and Marion, 75; Tenth and Union, 78; Spring and Moss, 80; Twelfth and Windsor, 90; Eleventh and Pike, 80; Church and Oley, 70; Spring and Church, 80; Pear and Exeter, 80; Schuylkill Avenue, 70; Thirteenth and Cotton, 80; Seventeenth and Cotton, 60; Perkiomen Avenue, 85; Sixteenth and Hawk, 75. ILLUMINATION AND CONCERT. Evening.—Pursuant to the official program, in respect to the illumination of private residences all over the city, the people made a general response by lighting up the stores of their re- spective buildings with gas, electricity, lamps and lanterns, thereby indicating a general co-operation on their part to make the anniversary a success. Penn street was crowded with people, including many strangers. The search lights on the Grand Opera House and Prison Tower were operated actively. And Carsonia Park was largely patronized. In the evening, Penn Common was crowded with a multitude of men, women and children, residents of Reading and visiting strangers, who had assembled to attend the Grand Choral Con- GRAND CHORAL CONCERT. 251 cert of 500 voices, accompanied by the Germania Band with 35 instruments, and Prof. Edward A. Berg, musical director. A platform was constructed along the embankment at the south end of the park circle, 80 feet wide and 45 feet deep, with 10 tiers of seats for the singers, and a front extension for the musi- cal director and the band. It was handsomely decorated and festooned with national flags and bunting, and brilliantly lighted with five are lights and numerous Japanese lanterns, producing a most pleasing effect. The program comprised sacred and pa- triotic selections, all of which were rendered in a manner that reflected the highest credit upon all the participants. It was as follows:— “My Country, ’tis of Thee,’ . : . . . . America “The Heavens are Telling,’ — “(Greatian) = 46 : . . Haydn Overture—“‘Mirella,’”? Germania Band . . : . . Gounod Festival Hymn. Roatan Gly na a6e a . Dudley Buck “Let the Hills Resound” ...... #........ B. Richards Reading’s Sesqui-Centennial Hymn . : a EA bee March—‘‘Stars and Stripes,’ Germania Band... . . . Sousa Hallelujah Chorus—(Messiah) . . .. . Handel “To Thee, O Country” . . J. Eichberg Gloria in Excelsis—( Twelfth Mass) 21 .. . . Mozart Caprice—“Lutzow’s Wild Hunt,” Cetmania Bard . . . Weiss Soldiers’ Chorus—(Faust) . ..... el, ge “ke. oy . Gounod “The Star Spangled Banner” .. . . .... ...F.S. Key The concert was opened promptly at 8 o’clock and continued for two hours without a single break or disturbance of any kind. The highest degree of enthusiasm prevailed, and this created mutual confidence that inspired extraordinary co-operation. Everbody was delighted and the public appreciation was mani- fested at the end of every piece, vocal and instrumental, by rapturous applause. This was particularly so when the last selection was sung. Each of the singers had concealed a small national flag, and just as the words, ‘‘Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there’ were uttered, it was waved in triumph, thrilling the vast audience. The rendition of the Sesqui-Centennial hymn, adopted by the Executive Committee, was also highly appreciated. The music was composed by Theodore I. Heizmann, and the hymn by Thos. C. Zimmerman, both of Reading, for the occasion, which were as follows: 252 HISTORY OF READING. SESQUI-CENTENNIAL HYMN. All hail to Reading’s name and fame ! And let the welkin ring With song and shout and roundelay, As we together sing. And may our songs, with glad acclaim, To heav’n, like incense, rise, While glowing hearts in tones proclaim Her glory to the skies. ’Tis sev’n score years ago and ten Since this fair town was born; Its sweet young life must have exhaled A breath like rosy morn. So let us sing till yonder hills Send back the joyous song; Till echoing dales and rippling rills The gladsome sound prolong. Let others tread life’s stately halls, Where princely pleasures flow; Give us our homes, like jewels set In evening’s sunset glow. And may our hearts, in swelling pride, Forget not those of old— The men of Reading’s pristine days— Whose hearts have long grown cold. Let all, therefore, with mingled voice, Repeat the glad refrain; Let civic pride, in flowing tide, Rejoice with might and main. And God, the Father of us all, With his protecting care, Will bless us while we praise in song Our city, bright and fair. SESQUI-CENTENNIAL HYMN. 253 SESQUI- CENTENNIAL HYMN. Maestoso. Sop ranaz f 254 HISTORY OF READING. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8TH. Morning.—The Committee on Reception from 11 o'clock to t o’clock received a number of prominent men from the sur- rounding counties who filled representative positions, being stationed in the bar area of the Court room, and while this was done the Germania Band discoursed a fine program of instru- mental music on the balcony of the Court House. From g to 9.30 o’clock the Pompier Life Saving Corps of the Friendship Fire Co., gave a fine exhibition on the front. of the Bright Hardware Store, Penn Square, which consisted of ladder drill, ascent of building, time drill, rope exercise, rescu- ing persons, and raising chemical hose. It was witnessed by a large number of persons and loudly applauded. FIREMEN’S PARADE. Afternoon.—The parade of the Volunteer Fire Department of Reading was held during the afternoon. The column started at 1.45 o'clock, and marched over the following route: Up Penn on south side from Second to Fifth, thence to Pine, counter- marched to left to Penn, thence to Perkiomen avenue and Thir- teenth. Before the end of the line had reached Penn square, a fire broke out at No. 518 on the square. Alarm box 37 was sounded, and immediately there was great confusion, and the parade was necessarily abandoned. The response was prompt and the firemen soon controlled the fire. LINE OF PARADE. Germania Band, 4o men. Chief marshal, George W. Miller, Chief Engineer of the Reading fire department, riding a large white horse. Aids, Morris Weaver, as- sistant engineer, first district; Calvin Addis, assistant engineer, second district; Jefferson M. Keller, (Rainbow,) Fred W. Lauer, (Junior,) William R. McFarland, (Reading Hose,) Calvin Addis, (Neversink,) Harry Dease, (Friendship,) A. K. Deysher, (Liberty,) Edward Yeager, (Keystone,) Peter S. Holl, (Washington, ) John Gallagher, (Hampden, ) E. R. Youse, (Marion,) Charles Sellers, (Riverside, ) Valentine Hain, (Schuylkill. ) The aids wore handsome silk badges, the gift of Mr. Miller, each bearing his picture, inscribed ‘‘Our Chief.” Assistant engineer Weaver rode Chief Miller’s fine horse “Lady,’”? and following the aids was Chief Miller’s fire trap drawn by his well known fire horse ‘‘Harry.” The vehicle was decorated with flags. "S6g1 ‘g ENOL ‘aavUuvd S,NaWaUla FIREMEN’S PARADE. 255 FIRST DIVISION, Ringgold band, 40 men; Independence drum corps, 10 men. Rainbow Fire Company, No. 1, George Kemp, captain, 80 men, wearing handsome blue uniforms carrying state and national flags. Seventy of the veteran members turned out, commanded by William Leitheiser. They wore their old equipments consisting of old style red fire hats and capes. Louis Eisenhower, the oldest member of the company was in line. He has been a member for half a century. The hose carriage and steam fire engine, handsomely decorated and drawn by heavy gray horses, were in line. Marshal, Andrew Bear; aids, Howard Bernhart, Arthur Brunner, Elmer Levan, George Roland. Delegations of the Columbia Fire Company, No. 1, of Columbia, in charge of Chief Engineer Kinzer Hockey, 20 men; and the Volunteer Firemen’s Association of Philadelphia, 25 men, in charge of William F. Totten, were in line as guests. Allentown band of Allentown, 30 men. Junior Fire Company, No. 2, Ellis B. Moyer, captain, 130 men in line, wearing fawn overcoats, black hats and white shields. Ex-Chief Howard F. Boyer was in line. The engine and hose carriage were finely decorated. Marshal, John H. Root; aids, George H. Young, Harry T. VanReed, Louis Battenfeld, Joel Krick, Cyrus G. Schultz, William B. Koch, Joseph Saylor. Colum- bia Fire Company, No. 4, of Allentown, 70 men, wearing new uniforms, led by Pioneer band of Allentown. SECOND DIVISION, Sheridan band, 30 men; Reading Hose Company, 65 men, Benj. E. Houser, captain, wearing drab coats, firemen’s hats, blue shirts, black ties and trousers. The engine and old ambulance were in line. Mar- shal, John E. Spears; aids, Henry Kieser, Frank Hahn, John F. Hahn. Catasauqua band, 30 men; Good Will Fire Company, of Allentown, 51 uniformed men, commanded by C. H. Cohn, wearing blue uniforms, white helmets and buff gauntlet gloves. Athletic band, 24 men; Neversink Fire Company, Oscar Neudoerffer, captain. 70 uniformed men, wearing gray coats, blue trousers, green hats and belts. Their apparatus was trimmed with flags and flowers. Marshal, F. C. Clemson; aid, John Devine. Fairview band, 30 pieces; Fairview Fire Company, of Bethlehem, S. Charles Seckelman, captain, 80 men, wearing blue sack coats and caps. Delegations of Citizens’ Fire Company, of Harrisburg, 12 men; South Penn Fire Company, of Philadelphia, 20 men; Liberty Fire Company, of Allentown, 12 men. Ex-Chief Robinson, of Wilmington, marched in line. THIRD DIVISION. Third: Brigade band, of Pottsville, 40 men; Friendship Fire Company, 65 men, and apparatus; Edward F. Levan, marshal; aids, William Embree, John W. Morrison, Francis A. Eisenbise, George Ganter and 256 HISTORY OF READING. Thomas Bausher. Members wore light coats, blue caps and black trousers. Delegations of the fire departments of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and Elizabeth, N. J., were with them. Pompier fire corps of the Friend- ship Fire Company, 1o men, Ira C. Becker, captain. Darktown fire brigade of the Friendship company, hose cart, carriage and truck, 25 men, Samuel Levan, captain. The brigade created much amusement. Members were dressed in grotesque uniforms. Steelton band, of Steelton, Pa., 40 pieces; Liberty Fire Co., 140 men in line, in uniform of blue coat, vest and trousers, white hat and belt. Charles Morris, captain. All presented a fine appearance. The engine and wagon were in line. Marshal, James E Devine; aids, Thomas Devine, Wm. H. Smith, John Till, Peter Weidner, John Patton, Charles Graeff, Jacob Allgaier, Wm. B. Schaeffer. FOURTH DIVISION. Liberty band, 25 men; Washington Hook and Ladder Fire Company, 80 men, uniform of light coat, red shirt and cap; Peter S. Holl, captain. Marshal, Edward Price; aids, Edwin Diener, William Quinter. Mem- bers had their new chemical engine, truck and hose carriage in line. A number of guests from Philadelphia, Pa., and Richmond, Va., accom- panied them. Perseverance band, of Lebanon, 28 men; Keystone Hook and Ladder Company, 40 men, in uniform of light gray coats, caps and dark trous- ers. Marshal, John Oschman; aid, John C. Krebs; captain, Theodore Kendall. Their entire apparatus was in line. Peekskill Fire Company, of Peekskill, N. Y., 20 men, Edmund Gavin, captain; Fairmount Truck Company, of Norristown, 60 men, in citizens’ dress. 7 FIFTH DIVISION. Althouse’s band, of Shoemakersville, 20 men; Hampden Fire Com- pany, 55 uniformed men, Samuel Bowers, captain. Marshal, John Gallagher; aids, Albert Smith, Arch Reber, Edward Marquett. Mem- bers were attired in drab uniforms. Engine was drawn by four black horses and decorated with flowers. Winona band, of Shillington, 20 men; Marion Fire Company, 4o men. Marshal, George Trievel; aids, Ellsworth Zwoyer, Harry Seiders, Howard Hemmig; captain, E. R. Youse. Members wore drab uniforms. Their guests included delega- tions from the Niagara Fire Company, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and the Paxton Fire Company, of Harrisburg. Carriage and engine in line, beautifully decorated. SIXTH DIVISION. Riverside band, 15 men; Riverside Fire Company, 25 uniformed men. Marshal, John Phillips; aid, J. R. Schwenk; captain, John S. Weber. Gray uniform was worn. The apparatus was in line. Sinking Spring cornet band, 20 men; Schuylkill Fire Company, 52 men in blue uniforms and apparatus. Marshal, Edward Yoe; aid, John Hiester; captain, Joseph Anthony. Guests of the company included 35 FIRE ON PENN SQUARE, JUNE 8, 1898. FIREMEN’S PARADE. 257 uniformed members of the Goodwill Hook and Ladder Company, of Atlantic City, N. J.; Charles Matthews was marshal. They had their fire patrol drawn by two roan horses, led by the Eagle Drum Corps, 15 men. They wore a blue uniform. Fire on Penn Square.—At 2.45 o'clock, when the head of the column was marching along Penn Common and everybody was complimenting the grand appearance of the firemen from Penn square along the entire line, suddenly, and to the amaze- ment of the many thousands of people who were stationed on the sidewalks, an alarm of fire was sounded and a general feel- ing of joy and congratulation was turned into surprise and fear. Immediately the entire line was broken up, and the vigilant and capable firemen directed their apparatus towards the locality of the alarm. The number of the box was ascertained in a few moments, and then they moved swiftly to Penn square. Their dress and decorations were of no consequence to them. Duty moved them by a common impulse. Their readiness and promptness won general admiration, and demonstrated in a positive manner the value and efficiency of the Reading Volun- teer Fire Department. The Chief Engineer and his assistants were at the burning building in a short time and anumber of the engines got to work to control the very threatening conflagra- tion. Words can not describe the scene. The excitement on Penn square presented a most impressive sight. A dense cloud of smoke that forced its way out of the front part of the store- room at No. 518, where Oppenheim & Gehring were carrying on a cheap variety store, started the excitement and caused the alarm of fire to be given, and from that store-room the smoke and flames extended into Keffer’s queensware store, and Kline, Eppihimer & Co.’s dry goods store on the east. Before six o’clock the fire alarm tap was sounded, indicating that the fire was out, and the fears of everybody at once subsided. The damage amounted to about $60,000. Fortunately the air was comparatively calm, otherwise the damages might have reached several hundred thousand dollars, as many people feared for a time they would be. Evening.—During the evening there was no special feature, but general enjoyment pervaded throughout the city. Penn street was crowded from Third to Eleventh, and so was Penn Common. The great attractions were the electric illumination. 258 HISTORY OF READING. of the street by about 2,000 lights, stretched around the Square and across the thoroughfare below Fourth and above Sixth, at many places. The search lights exhibited from the top of the Prison tower and the Grand Opera House, the Eddy kites raised above Penn Common, and the numerous Japanese Janterns in the Common and Reservoir, nearly 1,000, the latter not so brilliant as the former but neverHneless very interesting and attractive. Waynesboro Delegation.—The Committee who had in charge the celebration of the centennial of Waynesboro, Pa., in 1897, by invitation of the Executive Committee, visited Reading upon the occasion of its Sesqui-Centennial. They arrived Wednes- day evening, and the Executive Committee, led by the Ring- gold Band, received them at the P. & R. R. Union station, and escorted them to the Mansion House. The following persons comprised the delegation:—J. H. Stoner, president; W. T. Om- wake, vice president; J. J. Miller, treasurer; E. W. Gardner, secretary; A. W. Stocker, D. M. Good, Jr., W. J. C. Jacobs, I. E. Yost, J. H. Deardoff, J. B. Raby, A. H. Stricker, G. A. Anderson, J. C. Criswell, J. M. Wolff, T. B. Smith, J. R. Ruthrauff, Samuel Haeflich and George B. Beaver. On Thurs- day they called at the headquarters and registered their names, and during the day rode over the mountain railways, observed the Industrial Parade and the general decoration of the City, and left in the evening much pleased with the trip. THURSDAY, JUNE 9TH. Morning.—At the Court House, from 11 0’clock to 1 o’ clock, the Reception Committee received a number of prominent indi- viduals from different parts of the State, including judges, national and state officials. The Governor of Pennsylvania had accepted the invitation to visit Reading to-day, but he was obliged to send his regrets on account of important engage- ments in connection with supplying and forwarding troops from the State for the war with Spain. The President of the United States was obliged to decline the invitation owing to the war and many important matters that required his constant presence at Washington. INDUSTRIAL PARADE. Afternoon.—This was ‘Industrial Day,’’ and great prepara- tions had been made for many weeks by numerous manufactur- ‘s6g1 ‘6 ANOS ‘aavuvd IVINLSAGNI INDUSTRIAL PARADE. 259 crs, merchants and business men for its proper observance. The parade took place in the afternoon from 2 to 5 o’clock, and persons along the route expressed great admiration over the different displays, more especially that of Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart who made the greatest exhibition, expending more than several thousand dollars in its preparation. The route of the parade was up Penn street, from Fourth to Eleventh, thence along Perkiomen avenue to Franklin street, thence to Tenth, to Penn, to Fifth, thence along east side of Fifth to Pine and countermarch on west side to Franklin, thence to Fourth, to Penn square and dismissed. The Executive Com- mittee halted on south side of Penn square above Fifth, and re- viewed the parade as it passed. LINE OF PARADE. Chief Marshal, John E. Harbster. Chief of Staff, James R. Kenney; aids, Matthan Harbster, H. C. England, A. Thalheimer, W. Harry Orr, Geo. W. Beard, W H. Mohn, John G. Mohn, Charles L. Hoff, H. M. Sternberg, Clarence H. Sem- bower, Wm. H. Shick, Thos. D. Bausher, John R. Miller, Albert A. Gery, Charles S. Prizer, Harry Wilhelm, Fred. W. Lauer, J. S. Klees, Hiram K. Getz, Henry J. Zabel. Executive Committee and invited guests in carriages, preceded by the Germania band and drum corps. FIRST DIVISION. The first division comprised the displays and employees of three of the most prominent establishments at Reading. Marshal, Isaac G. Treat; aids, E. E. Moore, John Kissinger, G N. Jacobi, Geo. Schaffer, John D. Van Reed, W. B. Gross, Jos. Roeser, Calvin Boyer. Reading Hardware Company had two floats, 1047 men and boys, and four bands of music in line, one float representing ‘‘Progress’’ with a small bell showing how the 50 employees were called to work when they started in 1852, and a large steam whistle to call their present employees, 1200 in number, and the other representing a screw machine in operation. Penn Hardware Co. had 500 men and boys in line with a band of music and large float bearing an inscription with the autograph of Wm. Penn, in the following words:—‘‘I am much surprised at the progress Reading has made since 1748. But 1 am still more astonished at the growth of the Penn Hardware Co., named after me.” Reading Stove Works, Orr, Painter & Co., had a large decorated float with heating stoves and ranges, anda donkey cart with a stove and two employees dressed as negroes. They had in line 200 men and boys, and Sinking Spring Band. As the division passed along, square after square, numerous expres- 260 HISTORY OF READING. sions of surprise were made at the great number of persons employed by these three prosperous enterprises, and they presented the status of industrial affairs at Reading in 1898 in a most impressive manner. The first part of the division wore dark trousers, white coats and caps; the second, white caps, sweaters and trousers with canes; and the third, ordinary dress, attracting much attention, and constituting a fine intro- duction to the parade. SECOND DIVISION. The second division was the Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart Department Stores, and constituted the longest and most expensive division and most attractive display in the parade, the floats being the finest ever seen at Reading in a public demonstration. The marshal of the divis- ion was Jacob F. Custer, and his aids were Mahlon Seidel, Rolandus R. Snyder, Solon D. Bausher, John A. Burkey, E. Martin Neiswanger, and Harry E. Eisenberg. Then followed the Ringgold band, with 60 musi- cians; the United States flag, ‘Reading flag, and D. P. &. S. banner; 6 carriages with the members of the firm, Josiah Dives and George M. Pomeroy, their cashier and confidential clerk for many years, John E. Lewis, and their representatives in the syndicate and the department stores at Harrisburg, Pottsville, Pottstown and Altoona; 75 male employ- ees, marching in sections of 4 abreast with banners between each sec- tion; 4 carriages and 4 Tally-Ho coaches with 100 employees; 6 floats; 6 mounted aids; Cadet band of 30 men; 54 stock boys (9 platoons, 6 abreast, ) drawing a fine chariot occupied by Alice Miller, daughter of Albert R. Miller, chief floor walker of the firm; and ending the division with 50 cash boys. The whole was over half a mile in length, and far surpassed everything attempted by any firm or individual in the history of parades in Reading. The floats, briefly described, were as follows: 1st float represented the ‘History of Reading” and consisted of four Corinthian columns with connecting capitals in white and gold, and a duplex revolving globe, 6 feet in diameter, on which were painted eight different views in the history of the city.—2nd float had a similar design with a revolving globe 5 feet in diameter on which was painted the Read- ing store, and the four branch department stores.—3rd float consisted of a large square revolving stretcher with paintings on both sides, contrast- ing the store when the firm started in 1875 with the present extensive establishment in 1898 —4th float presented a large painting of the U. S. Ship Maine.—sth float was designed to attract the notice of the children particularly, consisting of an electric dancing doll operated by a strong battery underneath, and six large wax dolls, all handsomely dressed.— 6th float was composed of bicycles, wheels and paraphernalia about the entire frame work, beautifully decorated with U. S. flags and shields, and within the area were 5 riders on bicycles, 3 girlsand 2 boys. The designs, paintings, decorations and arrangement of the several displays were highly artistic and very attractive, winning great applause along the entire route. INDUSTRIAL PARADE. 261 THIRD DIVISION. William H. Luden, marshal of the division. The third division included a number of attractive displays, as follows: Gately & Britton, three walking letters, G. & B., representing the initials of the installment firm, being transparencies supported by boys; various kinds of furniture made and carried in the same manner; an engine, with emitting smoke and steam, propelled by concealed bicy- cle riders and accompanied by an engineer and fireman, with a freight car attached; and a float with a disappearing gun which threw explod- ing shells that scattered advertising matter. This display, requiring 42 men and boys, was unique, attraeicd great attention and excited much comment and applause. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. was represented by thelocal agent S. S. Davies in a carriage decorated with flags, followed by 40 solicitors in ordinary dress with white canvas hats, canes and souvenir badges. United States Express Co. had its superior wagon in line, which was exhibited at the World’s Fair, drawn by four heavy gray horses and decorated with United States flags. A. G. Christman, float with washing machines. A. K. Deysher, furniture dealer, displayed a float topped by a canopy in pink and blue, with a fine parlor suit. Henry Schofer, baker, had a float drawn by four white horses, on which were seated 25 employees who distributed on the way 15,000 small loaves of bread tied up in white paper; also a delivery wagon from which were given 3500 fans, one side being embellished with the picture of a little girl carrying a loaf of bread and the other with the Sesqui-Centennial Hymn. Hercules Paper Bag Co. displayed a large wagon drawn by four horses and loaded with paper bags of various sizes. Jacob V. R. Hunter displayed a beautifully painted wagon decorated with the national flag, on which were placed a fine kitchen range and cellar hot-air furnace. Wm. H. Luden’s candy factory was represented by two decorated floats, one showing candy rolling and from which stick candy was thrown to the crowds on the sidewalks, and the other a furnace with candy- makers at work, pulling chewing candy, cutting it up and distributing it along the route. Lessig & Bro., farming implements, float with 2 reapers. Charles Auer, flour dealer, large decorated wagon, with sheaf of wheat and 13 little girls dressed in national colors. Boyer & Co. float with storekeepers’ supplies. Penn Wagon Co., large patent coal dumping wagon, elevated 14 feet, and decorated. G. A. Haage, plumber, two floats, one with hot-water boiler, and the other with fine gas fixtures, handsomely decorated. 262 HISTORY OF READING. J. B. Ganter, stove dealer, &c., two floats, one with a large Othello range, and the other with a Mt. Penn perfect hot-air heater. Adams Express Co., superior delivery wagon weighing 4800 pounds, with dimensions 15 ft. long, 5 ft. wide, and 7 ft. high, the top, To ft. 9 in. from the ground, and capacity almost equal to a’ freight car. It was drawn by four fine bay horses and sent from Philadelphia expressly for the parade David Rosenbaum, clothier, large float with canopy decorated with smilax, drawn by four gray horses and occupied by employees repre- sented as measuring and fitting clothing. Leinbach & Bro., clothiers, three wagons in line; one, a band wagon, drawn by four horses with 18 employees who wore high silk hats and carried red, white and blue umbrellas; and the others were delivery wagons, attractively decorated. The horses were covered with cloth blankets, embroidered with “L & B.,” and ‘‘Leinbach.”’ Sellers, Medlar & Bachman, clothiers, displayed a barouche, drawn by four horses, and occupied by four employees who held a fine banner upright with the inscription: ‘‘Sellers, Medlar & Bachman, the pioneer clothing house in Reading, established in 1844.’ Anda bugler was sea ed with the driver. Hoff & Bro., hardware dealers, 3 wagons with 12 employees and old horse ‘‘Dick,’’ in service for 20 years. Common Sense Shoe Store, 2 decorated floats with 25 employees, dis- playing shoes. , Hoskin & Giles, florists, exhibited a beautiful float, decorated with palms, flowers and greens. FOURTH DIVISION. William Hutchison, marshal of the division; aids, Geo. Graeff, Harry J. Ball, Wm. O. Weidenhammer. The fourth division was made up as follows: Reading Bolt & Nut Works, J. H. Sternberg & Son, proprietors. Employees of this great establishment, numbering 547, marched in the parade. They wore white hats and coats, and dark trousers, and carried canes; and each was decorated with a badge, consisting of a nickel- plated nut or bolt. They presented a fine appearance and constituted an impressive introduction of this division. They marched under the lead of the Perseverance band of Lebanon, with 29 musicians. Mt. Penn Stove Works displayed a large float which had four kitchen ranges and a large cannon; and this was followed by a number of deal- ers at Reading who handle the heaters and ranges of the firm, with wagons adorned with national flags and colors, greens, &c. Fehr & O'Rourke, coal dealers, exhibited 3 coal wagons, 2 large wagons loaded with bituminous coal, and 3 garbage wagons such as are used for removing city garbage. The firm took part in the parade, rid- ing in a carriage. INDUSTRIAL PARADE. 263. FIFTH DIVISION. Albert F. Smith, marshal of the division; aids, Custer S. Ammon, Reuben Sindel, W. Brueckmam, Jas. S Ammon, Geo. Straub, W. Miller, W. H. Matz. Liberty Band of Reading, with 25 men, followed by the Retail Grocers’ Association, 72 members on horseback, with officers, A S.. Deeter, president, and E. J. Morris, secretary, in a carriage. B. & J. Saylor, grocers, decorated float with provisions, 2 delivery wagons, and 12 employees. Grand Union Tea Co, a float, consisting of a large tea pot, nearly 6 feet high, 10 wagons tastefully decorated and 25 employees. Bon Ton Milliners, two floats, with 30 employees trimming hats, under canopies, with decorations in purple and white, and national colors; also a tandem team, drawing the firm’s delivery wagon, and boy on horse back with banner. C. W. Edwards, piano dealer, fine, large, improved, covered, latest. style wagon for delivering pianos, painted green with large mirrors on sides and front. Louis Heilbron, furniture dealer, three floats; one representing a bed- room suit with white-enameled furniture and brass trimmings, and canopy of red, white and blue; second, a delivery wagon loaded with carpets and rugs; and the third, employees at upholstering. H. L. Johnson & Son, dentists, float with band of music from Free- mansville. F. F. Seidel, undertaker, with six hearses, showing styles at different periods:—1748, 1835, 1850, 1865, 1880, and 1898. The first was an old Conestoga wagon, drawn by four horses. Hunter Henninger, undertaker, fine white embalming wagon, with trimmings in national colors. Conrad Kaltenbach, brickmaker, float, showing operation on a brick yard with 30 men at work. Charles W. Pennock, grain dealer, large wagon, loaded with grain,. drawn by 3 horses. Reading Installment Co., float with furniture, decorated. John E. Steinel, brush manufacturer, wagon with brushes of all kinds,. samples distributed on the route. Jefferson M. Keller, ice dealer, float with large cake of ice, 4 by 8 feet, with wreath of roses and national flag frozen in the interior, and 10 delivery wagons, each drawn bya pair of heavy black horses. The proprietor and his brother-in-law W. Benton Stoltz, clerk, led this dis- play in a carriage. Lauer Brewing Co., decorated coach with John M. Killian, collector,. Wm. Heberle, superintendent, and Harry J. Borell, clerk; 2 large floats, one representing King Gambrinus and Uncle Sam, and the other Wil- 264 HISTORY OF READING. liam Penn and Indians; and a wagon showing the different signs of the company. P. Barbey & Son, float representing Fort Barbey, being a large beer cask with Uncle Sam on top, and Admirals Dewey and Sampson in front; a carriage with superintendent and clerks; large beer wagon loaded with kegs, and another with employees, decorated with flags. Reading Brewing Co., a large float comprising a hogshead with bags of hops and malt. J C. Stocker, brewer, 4-horse wagon loaded with quarter barrels. Roehrich & Raab, brewers. 4-horse wagon loaded with half-barrels, and another with malt and hops, illustrating brewing in the old style. F. X. Blessing, coffee roaster, riding in a carriage, with an employee. Alex. Koch riding after on horse-back. A. N. Kissinger & Son, flour and grain, 2 decorated wagons, loaded with flour. : : Kurtz & Mayers, wholesale grocers, 3 wagons, one with flour, another with jars of pickels, &c., and the third with employees. S. H. Parke & Co., of Philadelphia, dealers in coffee, were represented, in line with a large delivery wagon, throwing out samples of coffee along the route. SIXTH DIVISION, Charles W. Shick, marshal of division; aids, Henry G. Hintz, Wm. F. Remppis, Clifford F. Klees. This division included the following: Joseph S. Bachman, baker, two gaily decorated delivery wagons, from which smal! buns were distributed; preceded by a drum corps. Wm. S. Miller, baker, large float with employees dressed in white, ‘distributing buns. U. S. Bakery, two decorated wagons from which cakes and buns were thrown. Union Transfer Co., 10 cabs, 2 busses and 2 express wagons, with 120 children from charitable institutions, decorated with national colors and ‘streamers. Postal Cab service, 5 new coupes and 1 old style, decorated. Charles Haas, local express, 6 decorated wagons. David L. Reber, local express, 5 decorated wagons. Seibert & Co., 2 large wagons, drawn by four horses, with portable, upright engines and supplies. George W. Biehl, carriage manufacturer, decorated carriage driven by ‘son Albert.” Sebastian Blimline, carriage manufacturer, carriage, decorated. Acme Manufacturing Co., 2 floats, one consisting of bicycle operated by endless chain, and the other of bicycles. 100 employees were in line, in ordinary dress, carrying national flags. “g6gI ‘or ANAL ‘advuvd OSYOD ANV AdVOTVAVD rY. ie baat) a> ot per me eet Uj CAVALCADE AND CORSO PARADE. 265 Peoples’ Laundry, delivery wagon decorated. Boss Knitting Machine Works, float with knitting machines, and 36 employees. The manager, James L. Eck, rode in a carriage. Jos. O, Flatt & Co., brush-makers, gaily decorated wagon; on the route they distributed 2,000 small hat brushes as souvenirs. Reading Bottling Works, 2 wagons; followed by numerous single teams and business wagons, distributing advertisements. fvening.—In the evening a concert was given on Penn square in front of the Mansion House by the Germania Band, from 8 to 9.30 o’clock, the selections being as follows:— March, ‘‘Sesqui-Centennial”’ s tiny Sag Gens Althouse Overture, ‘‘William Tell’’ : oe rae . Rossini Gavotte, ‘‘Royal’’ ae . Moses Selection, ‘‘Lady Slavey”’ : ‘ 2 . Kerker Potpourri, ‘‘El Capitan’’ : ‘ A . . Sousa Selection, ‘‘Fackeltanz No. 4”... . . Meyerbeer March, ‘‘The Mystic Shrine’ . . Althouse All the pieces were admirably rendered and won the repeated applause of the great crowd of persons that had assembled. And this was done notwithstanding the prevailing excitement and the moving masses of people to and fro on both side-walks and in the street. The square under such conditions, together with the brilliant illumination and superb decorations, presented an indescribable picture and won unmeasured praise for the Executive Committee, especially from the many visiting strangers. FRIDAY, JUNE IOTH. Morning.—From 11 to 1 o'clock, at the Court House, the Reception Committee received a number of railroad officials, prominent among them being the President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Co., Joseph S. Harris. The Germania Band rendered a program of music on the balcony. CAVALCADE AND CORSO PARADE. Afternoon.—During the afternoon, the Cavalcade and Corso Parade was held, starting at two o'clock and going over the following route:—On Penn square from Fourth to Sixth, to Washington, to Eighth, to Penn, to Ninth, to Chestnut, to Eleventh, to Franklin, to Perkiomen Avenue, to Tenth, to Robeson, to Ninth, to Washington, to Second, to Penn, to Fourth, to Laurel, to Fifth, to Penn square, countermarch, and dismissed. 266 HISTORY OF READING. LINE OF PARADE. Wellington G. Woods, Chief Marshal, and staff, James M. Ammon, Harvey F. Heinly. George A. Peters, Henry B. Hintz. Germania band on a large wagon with canopy beautifully decorated in national colors, and drawn by eight heavy gray horses. ; Executive Committee in carriages. The officers occupied the first carriage, a barouche, drawn by four horses, the other members in car- riages drawn by two horses, all decorated in national and city colors. FIRST DIVISION. Marshal, E. A. Auerbach; aids, Ben. F. Austrian and Chas. H. Schick. Tally-Ho, drawn by four gray horses, occupied by Fred. H. Witman, Samuel N. Potteiger, William McIlvain, William Clymer, William Scott, Edward E. Stetson, H. P. Keiser, Albert R. Bright, William Seyfert, George J. Gross. Tally-Ho, the finest and largest in line, drawn by five gray horses and occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel D. Dibert and daughter Blanche, and the following invited guests: George W. Ziegler, Esq., and wife, and William H. Denlinger, wife and son, of Phillipsburg, Pa.; E. Clayton Poorman, wife and daughter Myra, of Tyrone, Pa.; Mrs. J. W. Stofer and daughter Catharine, of Middletown, Pa.; Charles H Armour and wife, J. Harry Leippe and wife, George W. Krick and wife, Charles M. Evans and wife, Mrs. Eugene P. Stofer and Henry W. Snyder, of Read- ing. A fine silk national flag was waved from the top in recognition of the applause given the party while passing over the route. Tally-Ho, drawn by four gray horses, occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Roland, son and daughter, and invited guests, Misses Lillie and Rose Kessler and Esther Wells, and James S. Roland and wife. Tandem of fine brown horses in a new trap, beautifully decorated, by John M. Archer and wife, accompanied by Miss Reilly, of Washington, D. C., and Joseph Connard, of Reading. -Tandem of spirited sorrel horses in a decorated cart by Miss Caroline Archer, accompanied by her sister, Miss Mary Archer. George M. Britton, wife and daughters, Leah and Mary, trap, with sorrels, driven tandem, white harness, decorated with wreaths and roses. John Barbey, fine decorated trap and two horses, occupied by three daughters, Ida, Rose and Mary, and coachman. J. H. Sternbergh, wife and three sons, two seated carriage, decorated with flowers. John F. Boyer, double carriage, with bay horses, decorated with plumes and bunting, occupied by four children of Morris Boyer and driver. William H. Luden, two handsome carriages, drawn by sorrel horses, one a trotting buggy occupied by Mr. Luden and wife, the other, a two- seated carriage occupied by Julia Ritter, Grace Frame and Miss Dewees and driver. CAVALCADE AND CORSO PARADE. 267 Calvin K. Whitner, Chairman Committee on History, drag, with wheels decorated with daisies, drawn by two superior black horses, oc- cupied by son George S. Whitner and William K. Eckert. Louis Heilbron, two seated carriage and pair of roan horses, accom- panied by daughter Rhea and niece Regina Heilbron, of Philadelphia, and driver, Milton H. Schnader, trap, decorated with national flag and city colors, and pair of bay horses, accompanied by J. G. Nander, of Lebanon. Howard F. Boyer, two-seated carriage and pair of black horses, with very attractive white harness, accompanied by Otto D. Noack, veteri- nary surgeon. Henry C. England, trap, decorated with flowers and bunting, drawn by bay horses, accompanied by daughter Mary and Miss Helen Strohecker. Charles J. Hoff, trap and bay horses, accompanied by E. W. James, G. W. Biehl and Wm. Quick, latter from Phcenixville. Augustus S, Flicker, two seated carriage, decorated with flags and bunting, and pair of bays, accompanied by W. Van Reed, Silas Ermen- trout, and Levi Weitzenkorn. Edward Luigard, two-seated carriage with pair of gray horses, accom- panied by Fred. Neudcerffer and driver. Francis F. Seidel, two-seated carriage and pair of black horses, ac- companied by wife, daughter Florence and Ella E. Runyeon. George F. Lance, two-seated carriage and pair of bay horses, accom- panied by Mrs. Lance, daughter Mrs. Buch, Ruth Kuehner and Eva Collins. SECOND DIVISION. Marshal, Harry W. Crooks; aids, Elmer W. Dietrich and William B. Eckert. Athletic Band in a large wagon, decorated, drawn by four horses. The division was composed of single teams, as follows: Wm. L. Graul and father, with flag presented to him in 1888 by the 188th Reg’t Penna. Vols., in top buggy. John B. Raser, Chairman of Committee on Former Residents, Rugby trap, decorated, accompanied by Dr. G. Prentice Raser, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Wm. Weis, of New York, with driver. J. C. Lindsey, of Philadelphia, trap, decorated, with driver. Daniel J. Hendel and son Stanley in top buggy with rubber tires. C. W. Edwards, and dog, in trotting buggy with rubber tires. John G. Niethammer with bicycle sulky drawn by trotter ‘‘Major N.”’ D. Wellington Dietrich, accompanied by Solomon Brumbach, in ball bearing buggy; and another buggy occupied by Abraham Klopp with Eugene Copenhaver, from Washington, D. C.. 268 HISTORY OF READING. C. A. Dougherty, superintendent of Union Transfer Co., had three cabs, with drivers, decorated with red, white and blue trimmings. Harry W. Crooks, buggy occupied by Henry and Thomas Heckman, employees. Bert G. Bubp and Harry Ahrens, top buggy. Harry Shick and wife, top buggy. Robert H. Reith and pet dog ‘‘Uno,”’ in decorated top buggy. Wm. M. Fulton’s carriage occupied by Mrs. Fulton and daughter Jennie and Mrs. R. Weber and daughters Lottie and Elsie. “ Joseph Z. Rowe and family in decorated two-seated carriage. John E. Steinel and family in decorated two-seated carriage. John D. Missimer, phaeton, decorated, occupied by wife and daugh- ter Grace. Joseph S. Becker, trotting buggy with rubber tires. Dr Daniel G. Long, phaeton, occupied by daughter Ella and Miss Elizabeth Mertz. James M. Miller, buggy, accompanied by daughters Beatrice and Mabel. Dr. M. L. Bertolette, top buggy, and Wm. B. Albright. Edward Ganter, buggy, and A. J. Gless, of Newark, N. J. George B. Albright, buggy, and Philip Rufe. Dr. H. D. Stryker and wife, drag decorated. George W. Biehl, cart occupied by son Albert and Edwin Sharp; and phaeton occupied by daughter Bessie and Amy Newlin of Pottstown. Jacob A. Strohecker, buggy, and George Hertwig. Abner S. Deysher, two decorated buggies, one driven by himself and the other by John Sharp. Wm. B. Angstadt, phaeton, and daughter Jennie. Hunter Eckert, trap, with driver. D. P. Schlott, buggy, with little girl Marguerite Geiger. Emanuel Thalheimer, cart, and Allen Levan, foreman of box factory. Dr. John N. Becker, carriage, and family. Charles E. Schrader, two-seated carriage, decorated and bay horse, accompanied by daughter Annie, Mamie Clark of Pittsburgh, and Leon Wittich, of Reading Wm. M. Schrader, top buggy, decorated and bay horse, accompanied by Morris Gehry. Franklin Ganter, two-seated carriage, occupied by daughters Mamie and Carrie Ganter, Loretta Reisinger and Nettie Kroener. C. M. Deem, carriage, and grand-daughter, Sarah Foreman. G. F. Steckline, carriagé, and three children. BICYCLE RACES. 269 THIRD DIVISION. Marshal, Jerome I. Kline; aids, Charles I. Angstadt, John E. Harb- ster and J. G. L. Brownwell. Athletic band with 20 musicians in a decorated wagon drawn by four horses. The third division comprised the cavalcade, with the following in the line riding four abreast: Custer Ammon, Irvin S. Brant, David Delceamp. H. S. Eckel, Conrad Fisher, E. E. Freehafer, William Fritz, C. Q. Guldin, John E. Harbster, Hunter Henninger, Frank Hartman, Frank Hain, F. S. Kelley, John Kutz, Charles Kerchoff, Franklin Lash, L. D. Lichty, Frank Maurer, John E. Nunnemacher, J. R. Painter, W. S. Phillips, Conrad Peters, Thomas Roberts, D. L. Reber, Paul A. Rick, Charles Smith, E. B. Slichter, John A. Savage, Herbert Seidel, Calvin Seidel, Willian Weitzel, J. G. Willits. Erwin J. Rutan impersonated a female character, mounted on a fine bay horse, with M. Luther Rutan as an escort. The disguise was per- fect and much applause was given along the entire route. The division ended with two road carts, driven by Frank Bitting and David M. Hinkle; and a bicycle sulky drawn by John G. Niethammer’s black trotter with attendant as driver, decorated with red ribbon and floral wreath. FOURTH DIVISION. Marshal, Harry C. Boyer; aids, Calvin Obold and Herbert Miller. Drum corps of Germania band in large decorated wagon drawn by four horses. This division comprised pony carts, beautifully decorated, driven by children, and the following were in line, who attracted much attention: Guy Britton, Edgar High, Sallie B. Rowe, Charles Sartorius, Frank Selak, Mabel Shick, F. L. Smith and Jacob kK. Swenk. BICYCLE RACES. At three o’clock in the afternoon, the race meet under the auspices of the Associated Cycle Clubs opened at the Three- Mile House driving park. Officers:—The officials of the meet were: referee, Charles G. Willson; starter, Geo. Eckert; timers, Wm. Fulmer, Harry Crecelius, Morris Reber and W. Storm Miller; judges, Frank Heilman, A. J. Geiger, J. G. Neubling, Wm. Schmucker, G. W. Graeff, Neff H. Rhode; clerks of course, G. J. Althouse, Harry Swartz, John Martin, H. Eberhart, Heber Ermentrout, Robert Heilman, George Wittich, P. G. Herbine; an- nouncer, P. J. Moyer; umpires, Benj. Weil, William Anderson, Marshall H. Huey, J. B. Snyder. Penn Wheelmen Race Committee:—W. Storm Muller, chairman; Frank Heilman, secretary; Harry Crecelius, Daniel Y. Klapp, George Eckert, A. J. Geiger. 270 HISTORY OF READING. Electric Wheelmen Race Committee:— George Graeff, chairman; E G- Herbine, secretary; Neff H. Rhode, treasurer; Wm. S. Ribble, H. T- Eberhart. ; American Wheelmen Race Committee:— Howard J. Borkert, chair- man; Harry E. High, secretary; Neff H. Rhode, Glenson J. Althouse, Harry Labe. ; Race Events:—First event was a one-mile novice race. It was run in three heats, resulting as follows: First heat:—Jacob R. Eagle, of Pottstown, ist, Harry E. Bentz, West Reading, 2nd; Wm. M. Ruth, pacemaker, 3rd. Time, 2 minutes, 31 seconds. Second heat:—A. Freese, Reading, 1st; L. A. Gerrett, Reading, 2nd; Walter A. Russell, pacemaker, 3rd. Time, 2.40. Final heat:—L. A. Gerrett, 1st; A. Freese, 2nd; Jacob R. Eagle, 3rd, Time, 2.38. After the final heat of the novice race, Harry Greenwood, of the bicycle department of John Wanamaker, Philadelphia, rode a mile ona motor cycle with a flying start in 3.50. Second event—One mile open, resulting as follows: First heat:—Harry Hamilton, Harrisburg, 1st; Charles W. Krick. Reading, 2nd; E. Thoma, pacemaker, 3rd. Time, 2.26. Second heat:—William T. McMichael, Berwick, 1st; Craig G. Stewart, Harrisburg, 2nd; James H. Swartz, pacemaker, 3d. Time, 2.24. Final heat:—McMichael, ist; Stewart, 2nd; Swartz, 3rd. Time, 2.24. Third event:—Boys under 16 years of age, 1 mile, resulting as follows: Charles E. Haas, 1st; Charles E. Heim, 2nd; Claude Tigh, 3rd Time, 2.41. Fourth event—Club race, one mile. The entries were: James H, Swartz, Jandon Miller, Clinton Earl, of Penn Wheelmen; Wm. M. Ruth, David Mercer, and Marshall H. Huey, of American Wheelmen; William Murskey, of Century Wheelmen. The race was awarded to the team representing the Penn Wheelmen, who crossed the tape in the following order: Swartz, Earl, and Miller. Time, 2.34. Fifth event.—Half mile open, resulting as follows: First heat:—Charles W. Krick, 1st; Harry Hamilton, 2nd; J. Oscar Barto, pacemaker, 3rd. Time, 1.09. Second heat.—William T. McMichael, rst; James H. Swartz, 2nd; and Craig G. Stewart, pacemaker, 3rd. Time, 1.11. Final heat.—Stewart, 1st; McMichael, 2nd; and Krick, 3rd. Time, 1.08 1-5. Sixth event.—Two-mile lap-race, resulting as follows: Charles W. Ktick, rst, 13 points; Craig G. Stewart, 2nd, 8 points; and D, R. Hart, Reading, 3rd, 4 points. Time, 5.04. The race was awarded to Krick. Seventh event —Messenger boys’ race, one mile, resulting as follows: M. Palm, 1st; Connell Wertz, 2nd; Francis Mitchell, 3rd. Time 2.50. BICYCLE PARADE. 275 Eighth event.—Two-mile handicap, resulting as follows: James H. Swartz, 125 yards, 1st; E. Thoma, 225 yards, 2nd; J. Oscar Barto, 125 yards, ard; Harry Hamilton, 150 yards, 4th. Time, 4.34. Prizes.—The prizes were as follows: One-mile novice—First prize, gold medal, $15; second prize, silver medal, $10. One-mile open—First prize, diamond, $35; second prize, diamond, $20; third prize, six bottles of wine, fine pipe and hat. One-mile boys’ race—First prize, silver water pitcher; second prize, pants pattern and inkstand; third prize, bicycle lamp. Half-mile open—First prize, diamond, $25; second prize, diamond, $15; third prize, three bottles wine and fine parlor lamp. One-mile team, city clubs, three to enter, who never won a first: prize, fine reclining chair, costing $25. Two-mile lap—First prize, diamond, $35; second prize, diamond, $20; third prize, hat, card case, pipe, shoes; fourth prize, pipe and bottle of whiskey. One-mile, messenger boys—First prize, medal, $10; second prize, pump, cyclometer, pedals and three dozen bottles oil; third prize, cycle hat, bell and three dozen bottles oil. Two-mile handicap—First prize, diamond, $35; second prize, clock, shoes, hat, cane and too cigars; third prize, pair tires; fourth prize, lamp, music stand, witch hazel and cyclometer. : The attendance was about 4oo, the number being so small onaccount of the great parade at Reading at the same time. The track was not in good condition. The Lewis Cadet band furnished the music for the occasion. BICYCLE PARADE. Evening.—In the evening the Flambeau Bicycle Parade was held. It started at 8 o’clock, proceeding over the following route: On Penn street from Second to Eleventh, out Perkiomen avenue to Chestnut, countermarch to Penn square, then down Fifth to Pine, countermarch to Franklin, to Fourth, to Penn square where a grand circle was formed. LINE OF PARADE. Chief of Police, Jacob Etzel and First Serg’t, Charles L. Kenderdine, in a carriage; and the Executive Committee also in carriages. Chief Marshal, Charles G. Willson, (President of Penn Wheelmen); aids, Glenson J. Althouse, (President of American Wheelmen); John Bryson, (President of Electric Wheelmen); Weston W. Westley, (Presi- dent of South End Wheelmen. ) FIRST DIVISION. Penn Wheelmen, 115 men, of which 76 were dressed as William Penn. George Eckert, captain; William Fichthorn, 1st lieutenant; Howard Deem. 2nd lieutenant; Harry Landis and Edward Darlington, buglers; 272 HISTORY OF READING. James Rambo, color-bearer. Each member had his wheel tastefully decorated in orange and black, the club colors, (which were also the city colors.) This club was awarded the first prize. Electric Wheelmen, 68 men inline. C. C. Ludwig, captain; George Graeff, E. Herbine, Joseph Neff, lieutenants; Harry Reber, color-bearer. The members were in citizen’s dress but their wheels were finely decorated in the colors of their club, orange and maroon. American Wheelmen, 60 men in line. Howard J. Borkert, captain; Harry E. High, 1st lieutenant; George W. Wertley, 2nd lieutenant; Charles Bowman, bugler; Harry Labe, color-bearer. Their bicycles were decorated in the club colors, yellow and blue, and also in national colors. The members wore white hats, blue coats and white duck trousers. South End Wheelmen, with 20 men in line. Henry Seiders, captain; Walter Schmehl and Charles Dougherty, lieutenants; Samuel Clark, flag-bearer; John Graham and Arthur Westley, buglers. Their wheels were artistically decorated. SECOND DIVISION. The second division consisted of the Boys’ Brigade and floats. Dan- iel Y. Klapp, marshal, and William Harper, assistant. At the head of the division were 25 members of Co. E. Boys’ Brigade in charge of Capt. Harry G. Johnson. All wore uniforms and .carried their rifles over their shoulders while riding bicycles. They were awarded the second prize. Ten floats were next in order, those worthy of especial mention having been the following: Jobn German and William Good, tandem, canopy of roses, ribbons, lanterns and national flags. They were awarded the 5th prize. Mr. and Mrs. Harry Kramm, of Reading, and Miss Ethel Geise, a sister of Mrs. Kramm, of Philadelphia, float, a bower of roses. They were given the sixth prize. Float representing the battleship ‘‘Maine,’’ by Thomas Evans and Thomas King. The last two floats were furnished by the Reading Standard Manufac- turing Co. THIRD DIVISION. The third division comprised wheelmen from three large industrial establishments of the city. John E. Harbster, marshal, and George E, Tyson, William Adams and Samuel Richards, aids. The Reading Hardware Co. had 97 men in line. All wore dark trous- ers, white coats and caps and yellow badges. They were awarded the eighth prize. _The Reading Standard Mant’g Co., about 80 men in line, some with bicycle suits and others with citizen's dress. BICYCLE PARADE. 273 The Relay Bicycle Co. had a float in line representing a ship. It was built on a tandem bicycle which was ridden by William and Edward Hafer, employees. FOURTH DIVISION. In the fourth division were wheelmen of all social organizations who were not members of the clubs mentioned in the first division. Joseph Martin, marshal, and Neff H. Rhode, aid. ‘Mr. and Mrs. Albert R. Miller, and two children, Alice and Fisher, on single wheels. “‘Sasparill Club,” in charge of John M. Archer, with 15 in line. Dora Reber and Helda Ludwig, single bicycles nicely decorated with laurel and flags. Maria Black impersonated the Goddess of Liberty. Wm. R. Pike and wife, in stage costume as Romeo and Juliet. In this division, there were altogether 250 in line, including women on single bicycles and tandems, numbering 30. FIFTH DIVISION. All the comical riders in masks and grotesque costumes, and the un- attached riders, were in the Fifth division, numbering about 300. John Neubling, marshal, and Thomas De Moss, William Hain, Chris- tian J. Geist, Harry Brouch and William Buel, aids. The following riders are worthy of special mention: Clyde Eisenberg, a five year old boy, dressed as Uncle Sam. Martha Smith and Lillie Miller, riding single wheels and wearing white duck suits. Joseph Grimes, the heaviest bicycle rider in the United States while ona visit to Reading, weighing 543 pounds, rode in the parade over part of the route. John Hoffman and Frederick Roliman, impersonated Uncle Sam, riding a tandem, made of cheese boxes. James Labe, as bowery girl; John Briner, as colored girl; Arthur Shade, as a tramp; Milton H. Knabb, as yellow kid. Harry Reich, as a colored sport; Frederick Link, as circuit rider; W. O. Large, as Admiral Dewey; Ammon High, as Greater Reading. Wm. Miller, as clown; Harvey Hohl and Harry Seyfert, as Indians; Walter Young, as ‘‘Flying Dutchman;’’ Albert Heath, as tramp, on old style bicycle. J. O. Brant, as a farmer on old Columbia bicycle, awarded the seventh prize; Wm. A. Tobias rode on a wheelbarrow, with two large wheels. attached to the handles. Wm. Corbett, as a cow boy; J. Frank Lutz and Charles Heffelfinger, canopy of Japanese lanterns; Ammon High, as Little Red Riding Hood. John Kupp and Frank McCarthy, as old southern couple; Wm. A. Wentzel, as an ape; Howard Rhoda, as a Dutchman. William Kerns, as a fireman; Arthur Westley, as a jockey; Aaron and Melvin Adams, as coons; Frank Heffner and Irvin Rhode, as dudes; 274 HISTORY OF READING. Wm. Hough, as trilby and her big feet, riding a tandem with J. Boyd Mishler. Paper wheelmen, Thomas Wiston, captain; Wm. H. Peter, rst lieut.; Joseph Cook, 2nd lieut.; John Lorah, color bearer; 12 members in line, all wearing comical costumes. Prizes Awarded.—The Committee on Bicycle Parade, Charles G Will- son, chairman, decided to give the following prizes: ; 1. Silver loving cup to regular organized bicycle club of the city having the best costumed and largest number of men in line. 2. Large lamp to out-of-town bicycle club, having best costumed and largest number of men in line. 3. Men’s best costumed and decorated single wheel, cyclist’s revolver. 4. Women’s best costumed and decorated single wheel, riding boots, and gloves. . 5. Best costumed and decorated tandem, pair of pictures. 6. Tandem or single wheels, best couple, pair of vases. 7. Most comical effect, women or men, onyx table. 8. Largest number of men, industrial establishment, 200 cigars. The following Committee were selected as judges to award the prizes: Thomas T. Eckert, Jr. of New York, K. L. Rymen, of Newark, and John D. Mishler. They were stationed in the centre of Penn square and the riders rode by in a circle. After having viewed the parade, they retired to the Mansion House, and after some deliberation, an- nounced the following winners: First prize to Penn Wheelmen. Second prize to Co. E, Boys’ Brigade, for fine appearance, no out-of- town club having been in line. Third prize to A. Frothingham MacLean, impersonating a page in time of Henry VIII. Fourth prize to Mrs. Henry T. Eberhardt, impersonating American heroine. Fifth prize to William Good and John German, canopy of roses. Sixth prize to Mr. and Mrs. Harry H. Kramm, bower of roses. Seventh prize to John O. Brandt, as tramp farmer on an old high wheel. Eighth prize to Reading Hardware Co., having had 97 in line. Concert in Penn Common.—The Germania band gave a de- lightful concert during the evening from 8 to 10 o'clock in Penn Common. They were stationed on the choral platform. The program comprised classical selections, and patriotic and popu- lar airs. Several thousand persons were in attendance, not- withstanding the Bicycle Parade, all of whom appreciated the entertainment very highly. The Committee on Fireworks gave a second display. of fire- works from the same place occupied on Monday evening, con- REGATTA AND SERENATA. 275 sisting of rockets and bombs. The search lights were in opera- tion and the Eddy kites flying to add interest to the occasion. REGATTA AND SERENATA. SATURDAY, JUNE IITH. The Regatta and Serenata, under the auspices of the Read- ing Boat Club, were held on Saturday afternoon from 1.30 to 5.30 o'clock. The course was on the Schuylkill, and extended for one mile from ‘‘Pigeon Rock’’ up the river to the Bingaman street bridge. The Committee on Regatta, M. Brayton Mc- Knight, chairman, had made the necessary arrangements for this concluding entertainment of Reading’s Sesqui-Centennial and it was a complete success. Both banks of the river at and below the bridge were crowded with people, and also the bridge. The total number present was estimated at near 10,000. The weather was ideal for the occasion. The Germania band and Independence Drum and Flute corps furnished a fine program of music, having been stationed in the grove on the west bank of the river opposite the club’s boat-house. Officers.—The officers of the Regatta were as follows: Referee, Walter G. Roland; starter, J. Edward Wanner; judge, Wm C. Hinkley; timers, Norman B. Wamsher and Arthur Fink; judge of swimming race, Hans Goetz. The referee, starter and timers were on the steam tug “Cat Fish,’ kindly provided by the Canal Department of the Reading Railway Co., and the judge on the west bank of the river at the finish. Events:—First event. a single shell one-mile race; contestants, Harry B. Steffe and Henry Jucker. After rowing in the course together for about 100 yards, Steffe’s rigging broke, causing him to upset. He was promptly rescued by a small steam launch and taken to the club house. Jucker rowed over the remainder of the course alone, and was loudly applauded at the finish. Second event, a swimming race across the river at the club house, in which there were the following seven entries: Robert Haggerty, Jacob Snyder, George Williams, William R. Schaeffer, W. Kilmer, H. Ould, and T. Greeman. Schaeffer was ist, in 1.43%; Ould, 2nd, in 1.50; Haggerty, 3rd. Third event, double shell one-mile race, with two entries, Fred. Fich- thorn and Henry Jucker comprising one of the crews, Harry B. Steffe and Harry Babb the other. The former won by 100 yards. Time, 7.31. Fourth event, tub race across the river and return, with the following seven entries: Charles Burkey, Frank Fry, Wm. Weitzel, John Ziemer, Wm. Reedy, James DeLoy, and Blain Jones, all boys. The race was won by Weitzel, closely followed by Jones. This contest afforded much merriment for the multitude of people assembled there. 276 HISTORY OF READING. Fifth event, four-oared shell race, one-mile, in which there were two entries, one crew comprising Fred Fichthorn, Irvin Herbein, Bert Shan- aman and Charles Moore; the other Harry Brandt, Wm. Longacre, Douglass Anderson and Harry Babb. The former won the race. Time, 7.35 3-5. Asliding seat of the latter crew broke down shortly after the: start, which virtually threw them out of the race and prevented what would otherwise have been a close contest. ; Sixth event, batteau race, one fourth mile, in which there were eight contestants: Victor S. Garman, Chester Burnish, Benton Reamer, Albert Griffith, Edward Mills, Charles Burkey, Harry Flowers and Wayne S. Flicker. The race was won by Mills. Time, 6 minutes. Seventh event, handicap steamboat race two and a quarter miles scratch, with the following five entries: Atlantic, by John A. Hiester; Curlew, by Joseph Waid; Monitor, by Bert Shanaman; Maine, by Amos Kissinger; and Trilby. by Harry Phillippi. The Atlantic was at the “scratch (near the breast of the Little Dam,) and Trilby was given the limit, about 1oco feet. The Trilby reached the goal first; time, 14.35. But it was immediately contested by Capt. Hiester and the others, alleg- ing that the Trilby was started before thesignal. After due deliberation,. the referee awarded the race to the Monitor. Frizes—The following prizes were offered and awarded: To the win- ners of the single-shell, double-scull, and four-oared shell races, hand- some individual medals of gold, enameled in the colors of the city of Reading and of the Reading Boat Club, and suitably inscribed; for the swimming race, st prize, gold enameled badge, and 2d prize, silver enameled badge; for the batteau and tub races. cash money prizes; and for the steamboat race, a silk pennant with suitable inscription thereon. Conclusion.—The Executive Committee were present in the grove. At the conclusion of the Regatta, the President, James P. Sellers, called upon the youngest member of the Committee, Harvey F. Heinley, Esq., to make a few closing remarks, who responded as follows: “On behalf of the Executive Committee, at the request of their presi- dent, I now declare the festivities of Jubilee Week at an end. This week has certainly been the greatest in the history of our city, and it is fitting that its celebration should be brought to a close on the banks of this noble Schuylkill, which has flowed unceasingly from the founding of the city, and under these great trees which perhaps witnessed its birth. “It is a matter of great congratulation to our Committee that the. Sesqui-Ceiitennial has been successful beyond all expectation. The work, begun by men chosen from all the walks of life, has been har- moniously and zealously carried on to a successful end. The perfect weather, the lack of accident, the general and wholesome enjoyment have been favors which point to a Divine sanction of our work. Each day’s celebration has been simply a new cause for wonder at the re- sources and blessings enjoyed by our city. ESCUTCHEON AND FLAG. 277 “We have to thank the people for their hearty co-operation; the public, both resident and visiting, for the excellent order maintained during the week. And now we turn our faces toward the future, expressing the hope that at the celebration of the Bi-Centennial of our city’s history, many of us may meet under auspices equally pleasant and inspiring.”’ Entertainment of Distinguished Visttors.—It is just to mention in connection with the celebration of the Sesqui- Centennial that many visiting friends and strangers were hospitably entertained by numerous families, and also by insti- tutions of different kinds. The most prominent in this respect were Mr. and Mrs. George F Baer, who displayed a remark- able spirit of liberality in welcoming distinguished visitors at their superb home ‘‘Hawthorne,’’ and affording them unusual opportunities of seeing and knowing the social, industrial and municipal affairs of Reading, and of realizing its growth, wealth and importance as a promising centre of population. Escutcheon and Flag.—The Committee on Colors designed an escutcheon and a flag for the Sesqui-Centennial. After much discussion they were adopted by the Executive Com- mittee, and afterward by City Councils but by resolution simply. Explanation of Escutcheon:—The black shield and the gold band combine the colors (black and gold) of the old German empire, from whence came the large majority of the city. The Arms of the Penn family, displayed in the centre of the shield, represent the Province of Pennsylvania in which they settled, as well as the Proprietors of Reading and those who laid it out. The bee-hive indicates the busy manufacturing centre which the city has now become, and the salamander, in the midst of a flame, shows that its business and its prosperity are principally dependent upon the furnaces and fires of every description in which its iron 1s worked. | Supporters:—The figures supporting the shield on either side are emblematical of Labor, which has always been the pride 278 HISTORY OF READING. and support of Reading and the source of its prosperity. Thor and Vulcan have been selected to represent Labor, in this in- stance, because of their association with fire and metals. Crest:—The staff of Mercury is used for a crest because it is the symbol of constant activity and indicates the continuous growth of the city as well as the increasing nature of its vast and widespreading business. The staff issues from a mural crown, the crown representing a city, and shows the station which Reading occupies in the Commonwealth and Union. Motto:—The motto, which means ‘‘Labor profits with the help of God,”’ is intended to show that, after all, the entire wel- fare of Reading ever rests with God, and depends upon the manner in which its citizens trust in Him. City Flag:—For a standard, or flag, the Coat of Arms, given as above, is placed in the centre of a field divided into equal parts by three stripes, red, white and blue, the colors of the Union, to show that the city of Reading has grown from its past history into a part of the United States of America, in the formation, upbuilding and preservation of which its citizens have taken a part so prominent and honorable at all times and under every circumstance. Reading Artillerists in Camp.—The Executive Committee had also named a Committee on Military, for which Samuel Willits, captain of the Reading Artillerists, was selected and ap- pointed as chairman, and he was making arrangements for a grand military demonstration in connection with the Civic Parade, when the United States made a declaration of war against Spain, and he tendered the services of his company to the national government, which were accepted. The further work of the Committee was therefore discontinued and that part of the parade reluctantly abandoned. However, when the day came, Sunday, June 5th, for open- ing the Sesqui-Centennial, though far from home and _ rendez- voused in camp at Chickamauga, Ga., preparing for engaging in the Spanish war in Cuba, the members of the company as- sembled in their mess tent to celebrate the rs5oth Anniversary of Reading in due form, while their families and friends were assembled in churches at home, and the colonel, major, adju- tant and chaplain of their regiment (Fourth) honored the meet- GREETINGS FROM ENGLAND. 279 ing with their presence. The ceremonies began by singing the hymn ‘‘America,’’ with prayer by the chaplain; then ‘‘Star Spangled Banner’’ was sung and the colonel (D. Brainard Case) addressed the company with appropriate remarks, highly eulogistic of the history of Reading, particularly the patriotic spirit of its people in every emergency. Additional remarks were made by the adjutant, chaplain and Captain Willits, after which the meeting was concluded with prayer and singing the doxology. On June gth, the Executive Committee sent the following telegram to Capt. Willits at Chickamauga :— “Tn the glory of the jubilee week, the Executive Committee in behalf of the city send you and your gallant company heartfelt greetings, as well as to all Berks county soldiers who represent the patriotism and devotion of our city in its Sesqui-Centennial. We regret your absence, but in fighting humanity’s battles we know that you will not return until the foe is vanquished.”’ GREETINGS FROM READING, ENGLAND. In August, 1897, the Deputy Mayor of Reading, England, forwarded to Hon. Jacob Weidel, Mayor of Reading, Pa., an illustrated newspaper and other printed matter, showing the celebration of the Queen’s Jubilee. In November following, Mayor Weidel addressed a letter to him informing him of the proposed celebration of the Sesqui-Centennial of Reading, Pa., and extended an invitation to the Mayor to be present on that occasion, and, with the letter, sent by mail a number of publi- cations on local history, which comprised the following, all hav- ing been compiled by the compiler of this Sesqui-Centennial History of Reading:—‘‘Political Hand Book of Berks County,”’ (1883); ‘School History of Berks County,’’ (1889); ‘‘Berks County in the Revolution,’ (1894); Centennial History of Lodge No. 62, F. & A. M.,”’ (1894); ‘‘Life and Times of Conrad Weiser,’’ (1893); and ‘‘Historical Sketch of Reading Artillerists,’’ (1896). During the Jubilee Week, on June 8, 1898, Mayor Weidel received the following cablegram from the Hon. W. Berkeley Monck, Mayor of Reading, England:— “The Mayor of Reading, England, on behalf of the inhabitants. sends greetings and kindest wishes for present and future success and pros- perity to Reading, Penna.”’ 280 HISTORY OF READING. Mayor Weidel sent the following in return:— “Mayor of Reading, Pa., in behalf of its citizens, returns hearty thanks to the Mayor of Reading, England, for his official greeting on the occasion of the Sesqui-Centennial of the city, and sincerely recipro- cates the kindly sentiments communicated therein.” On June 20, 1898, Mayor Weidel received the following letter from the Deputy Mayor of Reading, England, which was dated June 13, 1898:— “T have just returned from the continent after visiting Milan, Turin, Nice and Paris. when I find your very kind invitation to visit your city and join with you incommemorating your Sesqui-Centennial celebration. I am sorry to say distance has precluded my accepting same, or I should have visited you, but my thanks are none the less. I arranged with our present mayor to send you a cablegram of con- gratulation, which has been duly replied to and came before a council meeting of our town last Saturday. I also thank you for the parcel of books sent, and particularly the one referring to Free Masonry, which I shall bring before our lodge shortly. I send you a paper giving account of the visit to Reading last Satur- day on the occasion of opening a new college by his Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales.’’ The cablegram from the Mayor of Reading, England, was forwarded through the efforts of John Bossard, traveling corre- spondent of The Greater Reading, an illustrated monthly publi- cation at Reading, Pa., W. S. Hamaker, proprietor, he having succeeded in this behalf by meeting A. J. Mackinder, Esq., M. A., of that place, superintendent of the University Exten- sion College, (who had lectured at Reading, Pa., in 1892, and been pleasantly entertained while here,) and requesting him to do so. Mr. Bossard forwarded a long letter from Reading, England, descriptive of public institutions there, together with photographs of those mentioned and also a portrait of the pres- ent Mayor, Hon. J. Berkeley Monck, J. P. This correspon- dence with the embellishments was printed in full in the June issue of The Greater Reading and was highly appreciated by its subscribers here and elsewhere. The Reading Eagle, of Reading, Pa., by its city editor, Albert N. Burkholder, wrote to the Mayor of Reading, Eng., giving him valuable information of our city, to which he made a suitable reply, extending a cordial greeting and expressing a hope that Reading in the New World would continue to prosper and increase in importance. FINANCE COMMITTEE’S REPORT. 281 REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE, The following Report of the Finance Committee was pre- sented to the Executive Committee at their final meeting on July 8, 1898, and adopted: Amount of subscriptions ... . se 4 ee a. » . $10,394.10 Subscriptions paid . . : ; #9,951.10 —— Receipts from other sources 3 461.56 Total receipts. . Sa ones be em pe 10,412.66 Total expenses of all Committees ... .. - 8,993.82 Surplis... 4 6 2&4 © oa ks -. « $1,418.84 The expenditures of the several Committees were as follows: Accommodations . . . $20.00 | Insignia... , . . $295.56 Bicycle Parade . . . 156.79 | Invitation. ... 2...) 108,88 Carriages 364.00 | Medical. ......, 32.46 Cavalcade and Corso . . 273.76-| Military. ......0., City Officials Music ..... ‘ 1429.70 Civic Demonstration . Official Program Colors .. : . 406.30 | Patriotic Demonstration 43.20 Courtesy Pioneers , ; oo Decorations. .. 201.50 | Printing £8 ke 84.82 Design of Envelopes Program of Jubilee Week Electrical Display . Publicity : 167.31 Executive. . . 876.62 | Railroads and Transport’n 205.35 Finance. . : 299.11 | Reception .. 1... 73-96 Firemen’s Parade . Regatta. . 2... 0. 154.65 Fireworks . : 975.00 | Rooms .. . ee yee Former Residents . School Parade ... 562.95 History of Reading . goo.co | Signal Corps .. . . 208.33 Illumination . .. 549.26 | Water . ... 58.77 Industrial Parade Woman’s.... . 17.40 The item of the Executive Committee includes bills of City Officials, Civic Demonstration, Courtesy, Firemen’s Parade and Industrial Parade. The expense of the Electrical Display was $1902.50, but it was con- tracted by City Councils. The Committee having a surplus of funds, reserved $1oo for a contingent fund, and applied $1318.84 toward the payment of that expense, deeming this disposition the best that could be made. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. George F. Baer, for himself, Reading Iron Company and Reading Paper Mills, $500.00; P. Barbey & Son, $250.00; Lauer Brewing Co., Limited, $250.00; Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart, $200.00; National Union Bank, $150.00; Farmers’ National Bank, $150.00; 30 Young Ladies, Girls’ High School, $7.10; Perkiomen Avenue Schools, per Miss Hughes, $8.00. 282 HISTORY OF READING. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, f100: Penn National Bank, Pennsylvania Trust Company, The Con- sumers’ Gas Co., John D. Mishler, C. K. Whitner & Co., William H. Luden, E. M. Morgan, Merritt Brothers, Dibert Brothers, Leinbach & Bro., J. Mould & Co., Jesse G. Hawley, A. J. Brumbach, John R. Miller & Co., J. C. Ilig & Bro., Reading Brewing Co., J. G. Leinbach & Co., The Reading Stove Works, Sellers, Medlar & Bachman, Kline, Eppihimer & Co, M. H. Schnader, Mt. Penn Stove Works, Gately & Britton, Penn Hardware Co., Reading Hardware Co., J. G. Mohn & Bros., J H. Sternbergh & Son, Montello Clay & Brick Co.—H. L. Boas, Sec’y, Penna. Telephone Co.—L. J. Lerch, Gen’! Supt., Eckert & Bro., Rick Brothers, Keystone Wagon Co., Louis Kraemer & Co.; and W.N. Coleman & Son, $75. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $50: C. W. Hendel, John B. Raser, Yocum Bros., Louis Heilbron, Hipple Bros., The A. Wilhelm Co., Glase & Lichtenthaeler, Geo. L. Kestner & Co., Schrader & Kline, Jacob A. Leippe’s Sons, L. H. Focht, Isaac Hiester, G. W. Alexander & Co., Orr & Sembower, Winter & Goetz, W. B. Krick, Acme Manufacturing Co., C. S. Birch, The Reading Her- ald—\WWm. McCormick, Propr., Jacob Truby (Hotel Penn), Curtis, Jones & Co., John M. Archer, Reading Ribbon Badge Co.—Julius Weber, Sr., Morton L. Montgomery, W. P. Deppen, Cyrus G. Derr, R. L. Jones, R. N. Carson; and D. C. Keller, $30. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $25: Cohn & Goldman, John J. Kutz, Thos. P. Moore, Chas G. Willson, Milford N. Ritter, Jacob Barbey, Hoff & Bro., Matt. Moyer, John F. Boyer, Ermentrout & Deisher, Price & Spatz, W. C. Yoder, Myers & Heim, Common Sense Shoe Store, J. K. Righter, J Geo. Hintz, Read- ing Electrical Construction Co, Ltd., Reading Knitting Mills, John F. Rote, O. B. Wetherhold & Co, Mengel & Mengel, B. & J. Saylor, Schlechter's Jewelry Store, Geo. W. Beard, C. W. Edwards, John H. Printz, John G. McGowan, J. S. Shade & Sons, John L. Bowman, Roehrich & Raab, F. S. Wertz & Co., C. H. Lichty, G. S. Herbein, E. S. Fox & Co., William Nolan, Aug. S. Flicker, A. C. Paine, Chas. M. Heilman & Co., Stevens & Stevens, Packer Cycle Co., John C. Stocker, Christ Ganster, Horace A. Yundt, Kurtz & Mayers, Carpenter Steel Co., I. Rambo & Son., Wm. D. Smith, Union Transfer Co., James N. Ermen- trout, John R. Bechtel, Levi Quier, Henry A. Muhlenberg, Walter G. Roland, Farmers’ Market House Co.—A. N. Kissinger, Gen’l Megr., A. Thalheimer & Son, Reading Braid & Paper Box Co., National Brass & Iron Works, James K. Getz, Chas. M. Evans, P. F. Eisenbrown, Sons & Co., J. H. Cheetham, Reading Glass Works, Wm. R. Mcllvain, Livingstone & Kern, F. Keffer & Co., Chas. Breneiser & Sons, Hercules Paper Bag Co, Harry Christensen, Geo. M. Ammon, M. K. Graeff, Bright & Lerch, Ltd., Reading Car Wheel Co, Bard, Reber & Co., G. H. Delp & Co., G. A. Endlich, Stichter Hardware Co. Ltd., Reading Times Publishing Co., Chas. Hathaway & Co., (26 Pine St., New York FINANCE COMMITTEE’S REPORT. 283 City), S. Rossin & Sons, (173 Water St., New York City), T. W. Pig- gott (Neversink Mountain Hotel), John G. Niethammer; and E. Mackey, $20.00, Jacobs & Keiser, $20.00, Geo. W. Romig, $20 oo. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $15: W. Storm Miller, Frank P. Esterly, Jacob S. Kline, John E. Bubp, A. M. High & Son, Jas. P. Esterly & Bro., C. H. Ruhl, W. H. Hinnershitz, Geo. D. Stitzel, Muhlenberg Brewing Co., by their attorney, J. H. Roth- ermel, Reading Installment Co., J. L. & M. F. Greene, Jacob H. Stein. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $10: G.W. Ammon & Co., William H. Moyer, Albert J. Fisher, Jas. S. Brusstar & Co., S. M. Helms, Thos. D. Bausher, Grand Union Tea Co., Knorr & Ruth, B. F. Owen & Co., Calvin S. Nyce, John B. Shultz & Co., George Kemp, Jacob Walter, Daniel Y. Klapp, Koch & Wolf, Henry Schofer, H. C. Heller, Sam Hantsch, J. L. Repplier, Philip Bissinger, Dan. F. Ancona, Edward Scull & Co., Nathaniel Ferguson, B. Y. Landis, Schmucker Bros., Hugh O’Donnell, E. B. Strohecker, Wm. F. Shana- man, H. L. O’Brien, H. \W. Crooks, Howard F. Boyer, Heffner, Gilbert & Croll, F.S. & S. B. Jacobs, Wm. S. Mohr, Gittelman & Harbach, W. B. Angstadt, The Great A. & P. Tea Co., H. D. Breneiser estate, Charles C. Goodman, R. H. Jones, F. W. Woolworth & Co., John D. Strunk, H. C. Geissler & Sons, Francis F. Seidel, Close & Deem, W. K. Leitheiser & Sons, Chas. Rentschler, Jr., Chas. H. Schaeffer, W. W. Light, Chas. A. Sheidy, Charles Maerz, J. H. Fett & Son, Geo. F. Lance, Reading Bottling Works, F. B. Hay, Excelsior Bottling Co., Fred. H. Witman & Co., Herman J. Crcessant, Reading Scale & Machine Co., H. A. Hoff, F. X. Blessing, Frank S. Livingood, Frederick Stephan, Brooke Harrison, F. P. Heller, Henry Connard, W. G. Hollis, David Benson, John B. Brobst, W. F. Remppis, Geo. M. Jones, Benj. F. Dettra, Dr. D. G. Long, Rothermel & Mauger, Aaron Yocum, E. D. Smith, F. W. Hanold, D. S. Esterly, Wm. Behm, Thos. M. Leinbach, Frederick A. Barrows, Lambert A. Rehr, Ezra S. Wenrich, John F. Reifsnyder, H. L. Johnson & Son, J. H. Craig, John H. Obold & Co., Leymaster & Bricker, Swift & Co., Reading Cold Storage Co., Cash (through M. H. Schnader), Keystone Ribbon Badge Co., J. A. Esterly, Charles Potteiger, Harry Jones. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $5: Fredk. Weilandt, J. O. Koller, Henry S. Yocum, NE Gs Sigmund, Mahlon Shaaber, Chas. S. Prizer, Chas. A. Weida, Fred. S. Pfaeflein, Thos. Fair, John S. Fritz, Jacob C. Luden, H. Luther Frees, Wm. 5S Miller, Brobst House, Jas. M. Morgan, Jacob Etzel, Davies, Printz & Co., Geo. R. Maltzberger, Hiram L. Henninger, W. M. Hiester, Wm R. Eyrich, George A. Ravel, Heim & Hafer, Wilson M. Dumn, Patton & Billman, Chas. A. Brown, John R. IXaucher, Greater Reading Cigar Co., Chas. H. Raudenbush, E E. Kahler, Harner & Pengelly, H. G. Landis & Sons, Fred. W. Lauer, W. H. Kennedy, Dr. J. B. Sterley, Louis Richards, Geo B. Nein, Clarence T. Stubbs, A. L. Smith, I. S. Fry, H. B. Hintz, WW. R. Loser, E. A. Berg, Jeff. M. Keller, B. Frank Ruth, S. 284 HISTORY OF READING. R. Bushby, Alex. Schlottman, Tragle Cordage Co., A. S. Esterly’s Sons & Co., Stetson & Co, Oppenheim & Gebring, Jas A. Schofer, A. C. Weile, Geo. H. Felix, R. Buehrer, Wm. O. Flatt & Bro., Thos. k. Dalzell, J. Ed. Wanner, John H. Maltzberger. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $3: E. E. Hafer, N. K. Bortz, A. W. Glase, S. E. Tinkler, Jr, J- Howard Cutler, Ebb N. Zell, Wm. Lender. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, $2: Hendricks & Adams, John C. Seltzer, Chas. N. Frame, C. V. Kratzer, Reinhard Rieger, N G. Hollis, Howard L. Drexel, John McHenry, Chester B. Jennings, J. M. Bertolet, Jacob W. Fichthorn, M. J. Snook, C. A. Muntz, Willoughby S. Wilde, A. N. Boyer, Geo. M. Krick, F. W. Eben & Bro. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, §1: W. S. Essig, C. H. Shick, Kirby Loewen, M. J. Blondheim, Chas. Brusch, M. J. Terry, D. E. Houck, Irvin J. Brandt, R. N. Kingkinger, Wellington Van Reed, Frank Kissinger, R. L. McCall, C. H. Williams, Geo. J. Oaks, John A. Stokes, Frank Diehl, Geo. W. Kissinger, Moyer Merzberger, D. P. Schaeffer & Co., Harry F. Hahn, Benj. F. Hunsicker, A. L. Rhoads & Co. EACH OF THE FOLLOWING, 50 cts: D. Amole, J. A. Kline, Jacob A. Wummer, J. N. Ernst; and patrons of Loewen’s Barber Shop, $1.75, and Cash 25 cents. FINANCIAL RECAPITULATION. Summary of foregoing subscriptions: Special subscriptions, amounting to $1515.10; 33 of $100; 1 of $75; 28 of $50; 1 of $30; S82 of $25; 3 of #20; 13 of $15; 94 of $10; 65 of $5; Sx of $3 and less. Receipts from following sources: Official Program (21,000 copies distributed free), $111,85; Hintz’s sale of booklets, $21.84; Chorus rehearsal, Auditorium, $25.15; Hintz’s sale of special invitations, $40.57; Official Envelope Committee #89 52; Woman’s Committee, (balance) $14.23; Peter Ogden Association, (balance), $4.50; Sundry sources, $1.55. . PART IV.—BOARD OF TRADE AND READING OFFICIALS. BOARD OF TRADE—1898, The aims of the Board of Trade of Reading are to promote and foster the trade, commerce, and manufacturing interests of Reading; to acquire and disseminate valuable commercial and statistical information; and in general to protect and advance the business affairs of this community. BOARD OF TRADE. 285 The Board was organized April 21, 1881, and incorporated February 11, 1889. Its quarters are at No. 25 North Sixth street, where reading, reception and assembly rooms provide convenient and pleasant quarters for the transaction of business by the members, and superior facilities for social and business intercourse. The presidents of the organization in their consecutive order since its inception have been the following, all active and promi- nent business men who exerted a wide influence in behalf of local prosperity:—J. H. Sternbergh, 1881—1884; Isaac Mc Hose, 1884—1890; Peter D. Wanner, 1890—1891; S. E. Ancona, 1891—1892; Jerome L. Boyer, 1892—1894; Thomas P. Merritt, 1894—1898. The officers, standing committees, and members for the year 1898-99 are as follows: OFFICERS. President, Samuel D. Dibert. 1st Vice Pres., J. George Hintz. 2nd Vice Pres., Daniel F. Dietrich. Treasurer, Fredric P. Heller. Secretary, Eugene P. Stofer. DIRECTORS. James P. Sellers, Thomas P. Merritt, Jeremiah G. Mohn, Louis Heil- bron, J. K. Righter, S. E. Ancona, Charles E. Leippe, John R. Mast, STANDING COMMITTEES. Finance:—J. K. Righter, W. W. Light, John G. McGowan, J. L. Greene, James F. Mohn. Manufactures:—Charles E. Leippe, W. Herbert Ermentrout, Albert Thalheimer, Howard L. Boas, Jenkin Hill, Jonathan G. Leinbach, John R, Miller. Legislation:—S. FE, Ancona, Harry S. High, Milton H. Schnader, Chas. \V. Hendel, Francis S. Jacobs. ‘ Statistics-—J. Geo. Hintz, Morton L. Montgomery, W. S. S. Coleman, I. Rambo, Jr., Walter G. Roland. Municipal:—James P. Sellers, W. Morris Deisher, C. K. Whitner, A. K. Kline, Henry B. Hintz. Arbitration:—Daniel F. Dietrich, Ferdinand Goetz, Chas. S. Prizer, Harry C. Weber, Dr. Otto Noack. Railroads and Transportation: Louis Heilbron, Geo. M. Britton, A. C. Weile, C. J. Wickersham, Jas. M. Hutchison, Membership:—C. H. Armour, S. S. Schweriner, Chas. G. Willson, C. W. Kissinger, J. Harry Leippe. 286 HISTORY OF READING. Rooms:—John R. Mast, H. J. Fueller, Richard H. Bortle, S. M. Helms, John D. Strunk. Reception-—Hon. Thos. P. Merritt, Hon. H. Willis Bland, Mayor Jacob Weidel, John D. Mishler, Jeremiah G. Mohn, J. H. Sternbergh, Isaac McHose, P. D. Wanner, S. E. Ancona, Jerome L. Boyer, A. J. Brumbach, John R. Bechtel, Josiah Dives, D. S. Esterly, Jesse G. Haw- ley, Milford N. Ritter, Jas. W. Yocum, H. W. Crooks, Louis F. Kraemer, Jr., James A. Klees, W. H. Luden, W. D. Smith, I. J Lerch, Jacob Truby, Louis Adler, Matthan Harbster, C. Raymond Heizmann, W. F. Remppis, M. Brayton McKnight, John O. Glase, Dr. H. L. Johnson. Members:—Adler Bros., Howard E. Ahrens, S. E. Ancona, Daniel F. Ancona, W. B. Angstadt, Charles H. Armour, Arms & Lerch, E. C. Baker, P. Barbey & Son, Frederick A. Barrows, T. D. Bausher, John R. Bechtel, E. C. Behrens, Dr John M. Bertolet, Philip Bissinger, Hon. H. Willis Bland, Howard L. Boas, Richard H. Bortle, Jobn L. Bowman, Howard F. Boyer, Jerome kL. Boyer, Charles Breneiser & Sons, John B. Brobst, George Brooke, Albert Broden, A J. Brumbach, David Campbell, E. Chamberlain, City Laundry Co., Cohn & Gold- man, W. N. Coleman & Son, H.S. Comstock, H. W. Crooks, Crouse & Co., Curtis, Jones & Co., S. S. Davies, C. M. Deem, David E. De- Hart, DeLong Bros., W. P. Deppen, Cyrus G. Derr, S. D. Dibert, Hayes Dickinson, D. F. Dietrich & Sons, Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart, Tyrus B. Dubbs, Eckert & Bro., P. F. Eisenbrown & Son, George Eltz, W. Herbert Ermentrout, Ermentrout & Deysher, D. S. Esterly, C. M. Evans, Nat Ferguson, First National Bank, C. T. Fox, E. S. Fox & Co., Eli W. Fox & Co., A. S. Flicker, H.J. Fueller, Gasser & Johnson, Gately & Britton, E. R. Gerber (Telegram), James K. Getz, Glase & Lichten- thaler, J. L. & M. F. Greene, H. B. Hagy, Harner & Pengelly, G. How- ard Hart, C. R. Harrington, J. G. Hawley (Eagle,) L. Heilbron, C. F. Heller, Fred H. Huy, F. P. Heller, S. M. Helms, Charles W. Hendel, Henninger, Schick & Hertwig, Isaac Hiester, W. M. Hiester, A. M. High & Son, Henry B. Hintz, J. Geo. Hintz. S. S. Hoff, Harry S. Hoff man, Robert H. Holmes, Hoskin & Giles, F. J. Hunt, James Hutehi- son, Illig & Bro., Industrial Cigar Co., Jackson & Hill, F.S. & S. B. Jacobs, Dr HI. L. Johnson, Richmond L. Jones, J. H. Keppelman, George L. Kestner & Co., Keystone National Bank, Keystone Wagon Co., R. B. Kinsey, A. N. Kissinger & Son, Kline, Eppihimer & Co., Louis Kraemer & Co., Joseph P. Kremp, George M. Krick, N. T. Kunkle, Kurtz & Mayers, B. Y. Landis, Dr. Henry Landis, Frank P. Lauer, J. G. Leinbach & Co., Leinbach & Bro., Jacob A. Leippe’s Sons, I. J. Lerch, W. W. Light, Livingstone & Kern, Joseph Loeb, Hon. Edward M. Luden, William H. Luden, Charles L. Lyon, John R. Mast & Co., William McCormick (Herald), John G. McGowan, McHose & Co., Merritt Bros , George M. Miller, George W. Miller, John R. Miller & Co., John D. Mishler, James F. Mohn, J. G. Mohn & Bro., William S. Mohr, Charles F. Molly, Montello Clay & OFFICIALS OF READING. 287 Brick Works, Morton L. Montgomery, David Moser, J. Mould & Co., Matt Moyer & Son, Mt. Penn Stove Works, Muhlenberg Bros., Mutual Fire Insurance Co., National Union Bank, Dr. Otto Noack, John H. Obold & Cc., Orr, Painter & Co., Henry M_ (tto, B. F. Owen, Patton & Billman, George D. Packer, Penn Hardware Co., Penn National Bank, Charles W. Pennock, Price & Spatz, Isaiah Rambo, Jr., John B. Raser, John W. Rauch, Fred. Row, Reading Foun- dry Co., Reading Hardware Co., Reading Scale & Machine Co., Reading Times Publishing Co., James T. Reber, W. F. Remppis, Rick Bros., John A. Rigg, J. Kk Righter, Milford N. Ritter (Adler,) Walter G. Roland, George W. Romig, Wm. Rosenthal (Post,) Rourke & Heinly, Herman F. L. Rummel, A. H_ Satterthwaite, B. & J. Saylor, S. S. Schweriner, Schuylkill Valley Bank, Schrader & Kline, Dr. F. R. Schmucker, Leo Schaetzle, Schnader, Nagle & Co., G. A Schlechter, W. Y. Schmucker, Sellers. Medlar & Bachman, Second National Bank, C. H. Sembower, F. Shunk Planing Mill Co., A. P. H. Saul, Wm. F. Shanaman, C. A. Sheidy, W. D. Smith, A. F. Smith, M. J. Snook, J. E. Spears, J. C. Stocker, J. H. Sternbergh, Stichter Hardware Co., D. W.-Stehman, E. P. Stofer, John D. Strunk, Albert Thalheimer, Fred. Treuleben, Jacob Truby, Wellington VanReed, Dr. Robert Walter, Jacob Walter, S. Weida, Hon. Jacob Weidel, Harry C. Weber, G. C. Weile, C. K. Whitner & Co., Winter & Goetz, Charles W. Wilhelm, Daniel H. Wingerd, Charles G. Willson, C. J. Wickersham, J. Ed. Wanner, Aaron Yocom, James W. Yocum, W. H. Yoder. OFFICIALS OF READING—18908. ELECTED OFFICIALS. {*Democrat—t Republican.] Mavor.—Jacob Weidel.* Controller.—Adam H. Leader. t Treasurer.—Dr. John Y. Hoffman,* elected by Councils to fill unex- pired term of Henry G. Young, resigned. City Assessors.—Daniel Beidler,t Aaron H. Donklet and Abraham F. Reeser. t MEMBERS OF COUNCILS. Select Council:—ist Ward, Matthew Rhoda;* 2nd Ward, William R. Madden:t 3rd Ward, Jacob B. Stout;* 4th Ward, H_ L. Johnson;t 5th Ward, William H. Bitting;t 6th Ward, William W. Wunder;} 7th Ward, Howard L. Boas;t 8th Ward, John H. Close;* gth Ward, George W. Romig;* roth Ward, John A. Rauen;* 11th Ward, H. J. Wentzel;* 12th Ward, Amos H. Beard;* 13th Ward, Wm. Abbott Witman;* 14th Ward, Isaac W. Hull;* 15th Ward, P Monroe Krick;* 16th Ward, Geo. B. Clouser. Clerk, Edwin L. Lindemuth.* Common Council:—1st Ward, William Templin;t 2nd Ward, Rufus \W. Wolfskill;t 3rd Ward, James P. Morgan;* 4th Ward, John M. Archer;t 5th Ward, Edward C. Eben;t 6th Ward, Robert B. Harris;t 288 HISTORY OF READING. yth Ward, Robert D. Millholland;t Sth Ward, K. Harry Cleaver;* 9th Ward, joseph Witman;* roth Ward, Richard L. Lawrence;* 11th Ward, Samuel E. Cummings;* 12th Ward, James P. Yorgy;* 13th Ward, J. Ashton Parker;* 14th Ward, John H. Mast;* 15th Ward, Geo, W. Shaffer;* 16th Ward, John H. Bach.* Clerk, Howard N. Goodman.* APPOINTED OFFICIALS. Department of Police:—Chief of Police, Jacob Etzel, appointed to fill unexpired term of John F. Albrecht, resigned. Sergeants:— Charles L. Kenderdine, Robert C. Weidel, Wm. H. Seiders and F. Hintz. Patrolmen:—George Albrecht, Joseph Auchter, John Bachman, Charles Barlet, Jacob Becker, Daniel W. Bobst, Augustus Bulles, James T. Clay, George Coxe, Charles Fegely, William P. Foos, John Fred- ericks, William Grimmer, Michael Hain, Lewis Hatt, Charles Heth- erington, Matthias Hoffman, David Holl, Rudolph Imhoff, Morris Iscovitz, George Klemmer, Jacob P. Kuhn, James Kuhns, William Lemmer, William Link, John Machamer, Amos Manmiller, William Merkel, Stephen McDonough, William McDonough, Hiester Obold, Frank Omler, Charles Orth, Hugh O’Rourke, Mahlon Raudenbush, Washington B. Romig, Peter B. Rothermel, Charles Rourke, Edward Sauer, Harry Saylor, George Seibert, Frank Seiling, George Wagner, George Weber, Henry L. Wickel, Frederick Wick. Supt. Police Patrol System, William S. Hoffman; Patrol Drivers, Thomas Kissinger and Warren Heller; Operators, Samuel Lewis and Charles E Mast; Police Clerk, Robert C. Weidel; Turnkeys, John Steinle and Gustavus Haage; Police Matron, Mrs. Lizzie S$. Miller; Janitress, Mrs. Kate Goodman; Scavenger, Herbert Moyer. Department of Finance:—City Clerk’s office:—City Clerk, Horace H. Hammer;f Assistant City Clerk, Walter F. Bush;t and Clerk, Thomas Hammer. Controller’s office:—Clerks, Martha M. Schroeder and Katharine A. Rice. Treasurer’s office:—Assistant Treasurer, Harry Ritter,* and Stenographer, Lulu M. Brouch. Department of Law:—City Solicitor’s Office:— City Solicitor, William J. Rourke,* and Clerk, Foster Biehl.—Building Inspector, John S. Wagner*. Department of Surveys:—City Engineer, Samuel S. Hoff, and Assist- ant Engineer, Elmer H. Beard.—Draughtsman, William J. Hoch.— Transitmen, Edmund B. Ulrich and Frederick B -Adams?.—Rodmen, Arthur C. Kretz, George E. Miller, Charles C, Barto% and John RiegerZ. —Chainmen:—Charles L. Ryan, and Joseph R. Schmitt.—Registry Clerk, Walter Yorgy, and Assistant Wm. E. Reed.—Inspector of Ma- terials, Charles W. Gerhard%. Those marked 2 were appointed under resolution of Councils for special work. Department of Markets;—Commissioner, Albert Merz. Departinent of Fire:—Chief Engineer, George W. Miller; Assistant Engineers, Morris Weaver and Calvin Addis. Superintendent Fire Alarm System, William S. Hoffman. OFFICIALS OF READING. 289 Department of Water:—Commissioners of Board, Frank A. Tyson, president; George H. Felix, Matthan Harbster and F. P. Heller; secre- tary, E. L. Lindemuth; chief clerk, James Hangen; and assistant, Fritz M. Schroeder. Superintendent, Emil L. Nuebling; asssistant, Harry K. Brown; foreman, Richard Robinson; draughtsman, Samuel D. Koch; engineers at Maidecreek pumping station, William H. Ketchley and Nathan Auchenbach; inspectors, Charles E. Miller and George J. Butler. Department of Health:—Directors of Board, Dr. A. B. Dundore, president; Dr. \W. F Marks, Dr. S. L. Kurtz, Dr. J. N. Becker, D. P. Schlott, T. P. Merritt, and C. H. Schaeffer; secretary, James Hangen; commissioner, Roland Laing; plumbing inspector, Thomas E. Weber. Department of Public farks:—Commissioners, George F. Baer, president; David E. Benson, Walter S. Davis and John A. Strohecker. Superintendent, William H. Burke; gardeners, Charles Gindra, and as- sistant, Harry Beard; park guards, Ammon Griesemer and Charles Heisler. Departinent of Tax:—Board of Revision of Taxes and Appeals, James P. Yorgy, chairman; Samuel E. Cummings, Wm. H. Wetherhold, Isaac W. Hull, Zach. D. Saylor; license collector, Harry E. Hawman. Department of Public Works:—Commissioners, Ferdinand Goetz, president; James L. Douglas, George Eltz and Charles W. Potteiger; chief commissioner of highways and sewers, Samuel S. Hoff. Depariment of Highways:—Foreman, 1st district, Michael R. Fred- ericks; and district. Frank Aulenbach; 3rd district, H. John Kintzer; 4th district, Frank German. ' Department of Sewers:—Engineers, James S. Miller, Andrew Schmittinger, and Wayne Brown; firemen, John McConkey, Harry Graul and Henry C. Diehl; watchmen, Coldren Frankhauser, Samuel A. Buckley and Daniel Sheehan; repairsman, Louis G. Broschkowsky. ALDERMEN AND CONSTABLES. Aldermen:—ist ward, Charles E. Stout;f 2nd ward, Franklin W. Noll;t 3rd ward, Howard Hoch*; qth ward, Wm. H. Houck;f 5th ward, Charles W. Yarnell;} 6th ward, F. C. Clemson;f 7th ward, John G. L. Brownwell;f Sth ward, Albert H. Fegely;* 9th ward, E. C. Kirschmann;* toth ward, John A. Merkel;* 11th ward, Wm. F. Weber;* 12th ward, Henry S. Yocom; 13th ward, David C. Boyer; 14th ward, E. P. Van Reed;ft 15th ward, Wm. T. Snyder;* 16th ward, Geo. W. Brown.t Constables:-—1st ward, Lewis M. Rhoads;{ 2nd ward, George Gehret;* 3rd ward, Charles H. Derr;f 4th ward, Milton C. Kreider;* 5th ward, Charles M. Deem;t 6th ward, Henry Ruth;* 7th ward, L. A. Strubell;t 8th ward, George B. Wagner;* 9th ward, Harry C. Beck;* 1oth ward, Harry C. Wise;* 11th ward, Jacob B. Reifsnyder;* 12th ward, John C. Borrell;* 13th ward, Isaiah J. Beck;* 14th ward, John Gottschall;t 15th ward, Edward Conner;* 16th ward, Irvin S, Clouse.* 290 HISTORY OF READING. SCHOOL BOARD.—1898. OFFICERS. President, J. Edward Wanner; Secretary, Francis Roland, Jr.; Treas- urer, Albert R. Hoover; City Superintendent, Ebenezer Mackey; Soltct- tor, Valter S. Young; Superintendent of Repairs, Daniel S. Reider; Librarian, 1K. Laura Mengel. CONTROLLERS. ist Ward —George E, Tyson, Henry T. Melcher, William A. Barber, Geo. F. Hagenman. 2nd Ward.—John Morris, Elmer A. German, Frank Kissinger, Henry A. Harner. t 3rd Ward.—Henry W Schick, Thomas G. Printz, B. Frank Ruth, Chester B. Jennings. 4th Ward.—John H. Obold, William J. Bobst, Jefferson M. Keller, Ed- ward W. James. 5th Ward.—Harry F. Hahn, Wellington Van Reed, Alvin N. Boyer, Lloyd Nunemacher. 6th Ward.—John G. Heck, Walter Prutzman, Charles H. Frederick, Charles N Seitzinger. 7th Ward:—Ellsworth A. Leinbach, Howard Keppelman, John H. Maltzberger, J. Edward Wanner. 8th Ward.—Seymour T. Schmehl, James R. Mercer, Cyrus Wertz, Edwin B. Gettis. gth Ward.—Elias H. Frantz, Eli D. Emerich, Harry A. Heckman, Benj. F. Hunsicker. toth Ward. Henry H. Weitzel, John J. Phillipson, Charles F. Brissel, William H. Longacre. 11th Ward.—Urias R. Fisher, Charles A. Hawk, Alfred Gunkel, Howard S. Becker. rath Ward.—Daniel K. Biehl, John L. Seiders, Harry S. Levan, Albert G. Bauman. 13th Ward.—Abraham Whitman, Hiram M. Trout, Evan C. Wentzel, George J. Trievel. 14th Ward.—Samuel J. Waid, William W. Fetter, George R. Hoover, B. Frank Fink. . 15th Ward, Geo. W. Wagner, David Kk. Kaufman, Howard E Ahrens, Chas. F. Kiesling. . 16th Ward.—Samuel H. Fulmer, S. E. Ancona, Daniel F. Printz, John B. Houp. READING POST OFFICE—1898. Officers:—John S. Thompson, Postmaster, (having been assistant un- der Calvin Goodman, postmaster, from August 1, 1888, to March 21, 1891, expiration of term); Charles W. Hoover, assistant; J. Allen Riegel, foreman of letter carriers. OFFICIALS OF POST OFFICE. 291 Clerks: —William F. Kinch, money order; Daniel P. Rhoads, registry; Francis D. Ritter, Elmer A. Reeser, Harry K. Brunner and Horace S. Althouse, mailing; John Scheifly, stamp; George W Clous, Harry E, Swartz, James B. Potteiger, and Charles W. Kreitzer, distributing; Ray- mond G. Lotz, gen’] delivery; Harry M. Schroeder, stamping; Oscar J. Leiby, substitute; Raymond L. Diehl, special delivery messenger. Letter Carriers:—Horace D. Boone, Marks Boyer, B. Frank DeHart, Harry L. Diehl, George W. Dorsey, Charles Dutt, David L. Evans, Edward D. Fisher, Frank R. Fichthorn, Robert Gerlach, William H. Gross, Daniel W. Guldin, Thomas G. Harper, Thomas J. High, J. Morris High, George C. Houck, Daniel James, Peter S. Keffer, David F. Knabb, William Laubenstine, Frank H. Minkhouse, George J. Morris- son, Augustus Potteiger, William H. Rodgers, John R. Sayer, Jerome Seiders, John Shaaber, Edward M. Shirey, George McC. Spohn, Edward A. Stoeckel, Franklin Taylor, John T. Taylor, Franklin B. Thomas, John N. Machter, Henry A. Weidensaul. Substitute Carriers:—Jacob H. Rhoads, John H. Zerr, George H. Hepler, John P. Eiche, Thomas Kissinger. Treasury Department: —John S. Thompson, custodian; Harvey W, Witmoyer, janitor; Francis P. Shannon, night watchman; Louisa E. Rhoads, char-woman. ARS INDEX. A. Acme Bicycle Manf’g Co., 107. Acme Hosiery Factory, 143. Accommodations Committee, 220. Adam's Express Co., 149. Agricultural Implements, 102. Albright Express, 149. Alexander Hat Factory, 158. Ammon Underwear Factory, 139. Anderson Jewelry Factory, 182. Angelica Ice & Water Co., 160. Anniversary Proceedings, 231. Appointive Officials of Reading, 83. Achilles Knitting Mills, 142. Artificial Ice Plants, 161. Assessment for 1898, 88. Associations, 60. Atlantic Oil Refining Co., 188. Auburn Bolt & Nut Works, 175. B. Badge Manufactories, 102. Bakeries, 103. Bands, Musical, 74-75. Bauks, to, 67. Banks, Statement of, 67. Barbey’s Brewery, 117. Bard Wheel and Carriage Factory, 129. Baskets, 105. Bausher Brick Kilns, 120. Beethoven Society, 72. Bending Works, 106. Benevolent Society, 75. Berks County Law Library, 71. Berks County Medical Society, 71. Berks Foundry and Manfg Co., 172, Berks Overall Manf’g Co., 139. Bicycle Parade, 271. Bicycle Parade Committee, 220, Bicycle Races, 269, Bicycles, Manufacture of, 106. Biehl Carriage Factory, 128, Bingaman Street Bridge, 41-42. Blessing Roasting Mill, 203. Board of Trade, First, etc., 68. Board of Trade, Action of for Sesqui-Cen- tenuial, 217. Board of Trade, Officers, etc., 284. Boat Building, rir. Bobst Hosiery Factory, 141. Bohler Organ Factory, 189. Book Binderies, 111 Borough Erected, 18. Boss Knitting Machine Works, 178. Bottling Works, 118, Box Factories, 112. Boyer Brick Kilns, 120. Boyer Carpet Factory, 127. Boyer & Bro., Machinery, 172. Boyer & Heilig Cigar Box Factory, 113. Boys’ Brigade, 81. Braids and Trimmings, 115. Brass Works, 115. Bread Making, 104, Bretzel Baking, 105. Breweries, 116, Bridges, 18, 4o. Broonis, 122. Brossman Cigar Factory, 132. Brown Bros. Cigar Box Factory, 113. Brown, Harry A., Local Express, 149. Brumbach Pants Factory, 137. Brumbach Woolen Mills, 137. Brushes, 123. Brusstar Shirt Factory, 198. Builders before 1850, 124. Building Brick, 119. Building Stones, 202. Buildings of Reading in 1898, 89. Bureau of Employment, 75. Burgesses, List of, 86, Burnett Green-House, 153. B.& S.A., 67. Cc. Caldwell Cotton Batting Mill, 139. Canals, I9, 45. Candles, Manufacture of, 201. Candy, 125, Canstatter Volks-Fest Verein, 80. Capallo Candle Factory, 201. Carpenter Steel Co., 176. Caps, Manufacture of, 159. Carpets, 126. INDEX. Carriages Committee, 220, Carriages, Wagons and Wheels, 127. Cause of Development of Reading, 99. Cavalcade and Corso Committee, 220 Cavalcade and Corso Parade, 265. Cement Paving, 129. Cemeteries, 44. Census, 87, 89. Central Planing Mill, 196, Chain Making, 181. Chantrell Tool Co., 178. Charitable Societies, 75. Churches, 15, 21, 53. Churches and Schools, 15, 21. Churches, Schools and Newspapers, 53. Cigar Box Factories, rr2. Cigars, 129. Cigar Manufacturers in 1898, 130. City by Decades, 1847—1897, 27. City Assessors, 85, 287. City Hall established, 43 City Laundry, 183. City Officials, 83, 287. City Officials Committee, 221. Civic Day, 233. Civic Demonstration Committee, 221. Civic Parade, 233. Civil War, 33. Clothing, Manufacture of, 135. Clouser, A. S., Creamery, 144. Club Houses, 67. Cold Storage, 137. Coller, Obadiah B., Local Express, 149. Colored Population, go. Colors Committee, 221. Committees of Sesqui-Centeunial, 220. Committee Work, 227. Common Commissioners, 85, 289. Common School System, 55. Comparative Statement, 1898, go. Coniparative Statistics, 87, 88.. Concert, Illumination and, 250. Connard Brass Foundry, 115. Connard Green House, 154. Consumers Gas Co., 51, 152. Cook Basket Factory, 105, Cotton Goods, 138. County Erected, 11. County Offices, (State House), 37. County Prison, 36. County Seat, 11. Court House, 34. Courtesy Committee, 221. Cracker Baking, 105, Creameries, 143. Crouse Cigar Factory, 132. Curtis, Jones & Co., Shoe Factory, 199. D. Davies, Printz & Co., 171. Decades of Reading 1847-1897, 28-32. 293 Decorations Committee, 223. Deem Bakery, 104. DeHart Hosiery Mill, 143. Department Stores, 144, Departments of Government, 84, Deppen’s Brewery, 117. Desigu of Envelope Committee, 223. Development of Reading 1753-1847, 95. Development of Reading 1847-1897, 96. Development of Reading, cause of, 99. Deysher Wooden Box Factory, 114. Diamond Steel Co., 177. Dibert Cigar Factory, 132. Dietrich Flour Mill, 151. Distinguished Visitors, 1783-1847, 22. Distinguished Visitors, Entertamment Of; 277; Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart, Store, rqq4. Drenkel Brush Factory, 124. Dwellings of Reading, 1898, 89. Drexel Brick Kilns, 120. E. Eagle Knitting Mills, 143. Early Education, 54. Employments, or. Exhibitions, 22. Traffic, 92. Eben Sand-stone works, 186. Eckert Fire Brick Works, 121. Eddy Kite Display, 238. Edgett Cigar Box Factory. 113. Educational Affairs of ‘Town, 15. Eisenbrown Granite Works, 187. Eisenhower & Fink Planing Mill, 194. Elective Officials of Reading, 83. Electric Light and Power, 52, 148. Electrical Display Committee, 223. Electricity, 148. Elevation of Reading, qo. Elevation of Mt. Neversink, 4o. Elevation of Mt. Penn, qo. Employments before 1783, 91. Employments in 1840, 94. Employments in 1898, 215. Engle Paper Box Factory, 114. English War of 1812-15, 24. Enumeration of Reading, 87, 89. Envelope, Official Design for, 227, 228 Ermentrout, Mrs Daniel, Reception: at Residence, 240. Escutcheon and Flag, 277. Eshelman & Endy Cigar Factory, 133. Evaus, Charles, Cemetery, 44. Excelsior Bottling Works, 118. Excelsior Brass Foundry, 116. Excelsior Laundry, 182. Excelsior Planing Mill, 196. Executive Committee, Members of, 219. Executive Committee, Proceedings of, 218 Express and Transfer Companies, 149. 204 INDEX. F. Grand Choral Concert, 250. . i Grant of Land to Wm, Penn, 9. Se 2 Graul & Co. Brick Kilns, 120. 2 ertilizer, 150. Fett & Son Bottling Works, 118. Green-Houses, 153. horn Cigar Box Factory, 113. Greetings from Reading, Eng., 279. Ficht So Greth Machine Works, 171. Fichthorn Tannery, 184. : fi ‘ Filbert Shirt Factory, 199. Grimshaw Silk Mill, 200. z Guenther Hat Factory, 158. ile Cute 180: Guests of Womans’ Committee, Recep- Finance Committee, a ie iba 6,236 i eport of, 281. : " ee Ge . Gumpert Bros. Cigar Factory, 133. Hite wlarm; 62. Guus and Gun Barrels, 154. Apparatus, 61. H. Apparatus Works, 150. Haak Stone Crusher, 201. Brick, 121. Hafer Cornice Works, 188. Companies, 15, 20, 61. Hain Cornice Works, 187. Company Buildings, 43. SY Halls, 52. Equipment, 62. Hampden Planing Mill, 196. on Penn Square, 257. Handkerchiefs, Manufacture of, 139. Firemen’s Parade, 254. Hansen Cigar Factory, 133. Firemen’s Parade Committee, 223. Harmonie Mzennerchor, 72. Firemen’s Union, 61. Harmonie Mcenuerchor Library, 71. Fireworks Committee, 223. Hats and Caps, 154. Fireworks, Display of, 235. Hawk & lLongenderfer Hosiery Fac- First Occupants of Reading, 9. tory, 142. First Patents, 9. Health Commissioners, 85, 289. First Store, 14. Heine Stained Glass Works, 204. Fisher Bottling Works, 118. Heller’s Book Bindery, rr2. Flag, Escutcheon and, 277. Helfrich Hosiery Factory, 142. Flatt Brush Factory, 124. Hendel Hat Factory, 155. Flour Mills, 150. Hendel, C. W., Hat Factory, 158, Former Residents Committee, 223. Hendel Hosiery Factory, 143. Franklin Iron Works, 169. Hendelton Hat Factory, 158. Frees File Factory, 180. Hendricks & Adams Bretzel Factory, 105 French and Indian War, 16. Henry Clay Furnaces, 166. : Freshets, 42. Hepler Green-House, 153. . Friday, June roth, 26s. Hercules Paper Bag Factory, 192. Fries Candy Factory, 126. Hiester, Edwin C., Local Express, 149. Fries & Croessant Bottling Works, 118. Himmelberger & Smith Carriage Fac- Fox Terra Cotta Works, 205. tory, 129. Fulton Stone Crusher, 202. Hinnershotz Green-House, 154. Furnaces, 164, 166. Hirshland Pants Factory, 137. Furniture, 151. Historical Society of Berks Co., 71. F.& A. M., 64. History of Reading Committee, 223. G. Hodges Mattress Factory, 187. G. A. R., 65. Hollis Candy Factory, 126. Galvanizing and Nickel Plating, 151. Homie for Friendless Children, 79. Gas, Manutacture of, 152. Homeopathic Hospital, 78. Gas Light, 51. Horine Planing Mill, 196. Gasser & Johuson Planing Mill, 195. Horse Collars, 159. Germania Band, 74, 265, 274. Hosiery, Manufacture of, 140. Getz Enumeration, 87. Hoskin & Giles Greeu-House, 153. Getz Marble Works, 186. Hostetter Candy Factory, 126. Glass, Manufacture of, 152. House of Good Shepherd, 79, Glue, Manufacture of, 152. Hunt Cigar Factory, 133. Goelt Carpet Factory, 127. I. Goodman Bakery, 104. I. 0. O. F., 64. Government of Reading, 81. I. O. R. M., 66. Granite Works, 186. Ice, Natural and Artificial, 160. INDEX, Ice Cream, 161. Illig, J.C. & Bro., store, 145. Ilumination during Anniversary, 250. Tlumination Committee, 224. Independent Drum and Flute Corps, 75. Industrial Affairs of Borough, 20. Associations, 68. Character of Reading, 92. Cigar Manf'g Co., 134. Establishments in 1898, roo. Parade, 258. Parade, Committee, 224. Industries of Reading in 1547, 96. Industries of Reading, 1808, ror. Insignia Committee, 224 Insurance Companies, 6%. Instrumental Music, 74. Internal Improvements, 19, 34. Invitation Committee, 224. Iron Industries, 161. J. Jackson Rope Factory, 197. Jackson & Hill Paint Works, 190. Jewelry, Manufacture of, 1Sr. Jr.0. U.A M., 66. K. K.G. E., 64. Kades Hosiery Factory, 142. Kahler Cigar Factory, 134. Kaltenbach Brick Kilns, 120. Kase Stained Glass Works, 204. Keller, Jefferson M., Ice, 160. Kerper Tanuery, 153. Kessler Hat Factory, 157. Keystone Brewery, 117. Cycle Co., Tro. Iron Works, 168. Knitting Mill, ro. Ribbon Badge Co., 103. Spice Mills, 203. Wagon Co., 128. Kiefer Iron Works, 180. Kirschman Broom Factory, 123. Klawanski Shirt Factory, 199. Kline Brass Foundry, 116. Kline Brick Kilns, 120. Kline, Eppihimer & Co., Store, 145. Kline & Winter Cigar Factory, 134- Klondike Cold Storage Co., 138. Knoll & Althouse Factory, 102. Koller Candy Factory, 125. Kreider Carriage Factory, 128. Jxuersten & Rick Hosiery Factory, 143. L. Lauer Brewery, 116. Laundries, 152. Leaman Soap Factory, 200. Leather, Manufacture of, 183. Legal Association of Berks Co., 72. VO 0 wn Lehr Cigar Factory, 134. Leinbach & Bro., Clothiers, 136. Leippe Bending Works, 106, Lessig Bros., 102. Lessig Washing Machine Works, 206. Levan Euuimeration, 87. Levan Glue Factory, 152. Liberty Cornet Band, 75. Liberty Poles of 1799, 24. Libraries, 70. Lichtenthacler Bretzel Factory, 105 Lighting of Borough, 20. Literary Associations, 7o. Location of City, 39. Lock-making, 1So. Lots sold, First, ro. Luden Candy Factory, 125. M. Madlem Pattern Shop, 193. Maerz Cigar Factory, 134. Malt, Manufacture of, 185. Manufactories of Reading, 1840, 94. Marble, Sandstone & Granite Works, 186. Market Houses, 35. Mattresses, 187. Mayor’s Enumeration of 1898, 89. Mayors, List of, 86. MeCollough Galvamzinug Works, 151. McConnell Bicycle Bell Factory, rio. McGowan Shirt Factory, 198. MelIlvain Iron Works, 168. Medical Associations, 71. Medical Committee, 224. Mertz Bakery, 104. Metallic Cornices, 187. Metropolitan Electric Co., 52, 148. Mexicau War, 25. Military Associations, 60. Miller Bakery, 104. Miller Flour Sack Factory, 192. Miller Hat Factory, 157. Miller Soap Factory, 200. Miller Stone Works, 157. Millholland Tube Works, ito. Miscellaneous Employments, List of, iv 1895, 215. Mishler's Academy, 52. Mitchell Cracker Factory, 105. Model Laundry, 183. Moers Marble Yard, 156. Mohn Hat Factory, 156. Monday, June 6th, 232. Moutello Clay & Brick Co., 121. Montello Hat Factory, 159. Morgan Paint Works, rgo. Mould J. & Co., Store, 147. Mountain Railroads, 48. Mozart Musical Union, 73. Mt. Neversink, Elevation of, 40. 296 Mt. Penn, Elevation of, 40. Gravity R R., 48. Paper Box Co., 114. Stove Works, 173. Muhlenberg Brewery, 118. Mull, John B., Clothing house, 137. Music Committee, 224. Musical Societies, 72. Myers & Heim Clothing-house, 137. N. Nagel’s Company at Cambridge, 17. National Bolt and Nut Works, 175. National Brass and Iron Works, 15. Nationality of Inhabitants, 16. Natural Ice Plants, 160. Neversink Mountain, Elevation of, 4o. Neversink Mountain R. R., 48. Newspapers, 20, 57- Nickel-plating Works, 151. ‘Nolde & Horst Hosiery Factory, I4t. oO. Official Design Committee, 223. Design for Envelopes, 227, 228. Program, 229. Program Committee, 224. Officials of City, 83, 287. Officials of Post Office, 290. Oil, Refining of, 188. Oldest Buildings, 15. Optical Instruments, 188. O'Reilly Stone Crusher, 202, Organs and Pianos, 189. Orr & Sembower Works, 171. Overalls, Manufacture of, 139. P. Packer Cycle Co., ro. Packerack Paper Mill, 191. Paff Stencil Works, 204. Paint, Manufacture of, 189. Paintings, 194. Panic of 1837, 19. Paper Bags, Manufacture of, 192. Paper Boxes, Manufacture of, 113. Paper, Manufacture of, tor. Parker Brick Kilns, 120. Patriotic Demonstration Committee, 224. Patterns, Manufacture of, 193. Penn Boiler Works, 176. Common, 43. Hardware Co. Works, 166. Rubber Tire Co., 198. St. Bridge, 41. St. Paper Mill, ror. Troy Laundry, 183. Wagon Co., 128. Peun‘a Kuitting Mills, 142. Penn’a Sch. Val. R. R., 46. Penn’a Telephone Co., 50. enn’s Visit to Reading, 22. INDEX. perfumery, Manufacture of, 193. Pflugfelder Carpet Factory, 127. Photographs, 193. Picture Frames and Gilding, 194. Pioneers Committee, 224. Planing Mills, 194. Population, 1847—1898, 89. Population North & South of Penn St., go. P.O. S. of A., 66. Post Office, 43. Post Office Officials, 290. Pottery, Manufacture of, 196. Precinct Officials, 83. Price & Spatz Cigar Factory, 135. Printing Committee, 225. Printz Brick Kilns, 119. Private Market Houses, 53. Private Schools, 57. Prize Flag, School Parade, 250. Professional Associations, 71. Program Jubilee Week, Committee, 225, Prominent Men, 17. Proteclive Associations, 61. Public Buildings of 1840, 94. Buildings of Borough, 18. Buildings of Town, 15. Parks, 43. Roads, 38. Works, Board of, 85, 289. Publicity Committee, 225. Pulleys, Manufacture of, 197. PB. & F. Nickel Plating Works, 151. P.& R.R. Co., Lines of Railroad, 46. P.& R R. Co. Works, 162. Queen Washing Machine Works, 206. R. Railroad, First in Reading, I9. Railroads, Mountain, 48. Steam 45. Street, 47. Railroads and Trausp’n Committee, 225. Reading Artillerists in Camp, 278. Benevolent Society, 75. Bolt & Nut Works, 174. Bottling Works, 119. Braid Co., 115 Brass Foundry Co., 116, Brewing Co,, 117. Butt Works, 169 Car Wheel Co., 172. Chemical & Fertilizing Co., 150 Choral Society, 73. Cold Storage Co., 137. Confectionery Co., 126. Cotton Mill, 138. Crane and Hoist Works, 179. Cycle Mauf'g Co., 110, Decorative Glass Co., 204. Electrical Construction Co 148. INDEX. Reading Electric Supply Co., 148. Elevation of, 40. Kug., Greetings from, 279. Fire Brick Works, 121. Foundry Co., 170. Gas Co., 51. German Library, 70, Glass Works, 152. Granite Works, 187 Hardware Works, 165. Hat and Cap Co., 159. Hospital, 77. In 1840, 93. In 1847, 25. In 1898, 208. Iron Co, Works, 163. Knitting Mills, 140. Laundry, 153. Library, 70. Liederkranz, 73. Medical Association, 72. Musical Society, 73. Officials, 287. Paper Box Co., 114. Radiator Co., 169. Review of, in 1847, 25. Relief Society, 75. Ribbon Badge Co., 102, Scale & Machine Co., 170. Shale Brick Co., 122. Standard Mfg Co., roy. Steam Heat Co., 204. Stove Works, 172. Tin Plate Co., 205. Water Co., 20. Wood Pulley Co., 197. Woolen Mills, 207 Reading and Southwestern Railroad Co., 47. Reber Rubber Stamp Works, 204. Reception Committee, 225. Regatta Committee, 225. Regatta and Serenata, 275. Regeufuse Brush Factory, 123. Reid Optical Instrument Works, 188, Relay Bicycle Manuf’g Co., 109. Relief Society, 75. Religious Societies, 80. Remppis Iron Works, 179. Revolution, 16. Richards & Willits Electrical Co., 148. Riegel Cigar Factory, 135. Rieger Picture Frame Factory, 194. Ringgold Band, 74. Roasting Mills, 203. Rolland Umbrella Factory, 206. Ropes, Manufacture of, 197. Rubber Stamps, Manufacture of, 204. Rubber Tires, 198. Ruth Paint Works, Igo. 297 Ss. Sand, Production of, 201, . Sandstone Works, 186. Saturday, June rith, 275, Sauppee & Klee Candy Factory, 126. Savage Hat Factory, 157. Schaufert Bottling Works, 119. Schlechter Jewelry Factory, 182. Schmehl Mul-Wright Shop, 177. Schoener Piano Factory, 189. School Board, Officers, etc., 290. Parade, 240. Parade Committee, 225. Parade, Preparation for, 249. Parade, Prize Flag, 250. Schools of Reading, 54. Schofer, Henry, Bakery, 104. Schofer, James A., Bakery, 104. Schuylkill River, 42. Scott’s Visit to Reading, 24. Secret Associations, 62-67. Sellers, Medlar & Bachman, Clothiers, 136. Sesqui-Ceutennial, 217. Celebration, 218, Hymn, 252, 253. Conclusion of, 276. Sewers, 40. Shade, John S. & Sons, Store, 146. Shanaman Broom Factory, 122. Shanaman, Walter B., Broom Fact’y, 123. Shantz Hosiery Factory, 142. Shenfelder Pottery, 196. Shirts, Manufacture of, 198. Shoes, Manufacture of, 199. Shunk Planing Mill, 195. Sigual Corps Committee, 225. Signal Corps, Work of, 238. Silk, Manufacture of, 200. Smith, A. L., Shirt Factory, 199. Smith Carpet Factory, 127. Smith Wm.,, Shirt Factory, 199 Snow Flake Laundry, 183. Soap and Candles, 200. Soup Society, 75. S. P.C. A., 80. Spalls and Sand, 2or. Spaug & Zacharias Creamery, 144. Spectacles, Manufacture of, 202, ™ Speidel Iron Works, 179. Spice and Roasling Mills, 203. Spohn Creamery, 143. St. Catharine’s Female Orphans' Asy- lum, 79. St. Joseph’s Hospital, 78. St. Paul’s Orphan Asylum for Boys, 80. Stage Coaches, 18, 45. Stained-Glass Works, 204. Standard Paper Box Co., 113. Star Novelty Co., 139. State House (County Offices), 37. 298 INDEX. State Representatives, 87. Steam Heat, 204. Steam Railroads, 45. Steckler Green-House, 153. Steinel Brush Factory, 123. Steinhauer Hosiery Factory, 143. Stencils and Rubber Stamps, 204. Streets, 39. Street Names changed, 21. t Street Railways, 47. Stocker’s Brewery, 117. Stony Creek Woolen Mills, 208. Store-house for Supplies, 17. Structures before 1850, 125. Subscribers, List of, 281. Sunbeam Washing Machine Works, 206. Sunday, June sth, 231. Surrounding Townsin 1748, Io. Surrounding Towns in 1783, 18. Surviving Business Men of 1847, 98, S. & S. Hosiery Mills, 143. Table of Industries, 1898, ror. Taenzer Bros., Book Bindery, 111. Tanneries, 183. Taxables of 1759, 12. Telegraph, 49. Telephone, 50. Terra Cotta Works, 205. Textile Machine Works, 178. Thalheimer Cigar Box Factory, 112. Thalheimer Handkerchief Factory, 139. Thalheimer Sand Bank, 201. Theatres, 52. Thursday, June gth, 258. Tiehel Tannery, 185. Tin Works. 205. Town District Established, 14. Town Laid Out, 10. Transfer Companies, 149. Trunks, Manufacture of, 205. Trust Companies, 68. Tuesday, June 7th, 239. Tulpehocken Paper-Mill, 191. Turnpikes, 19, 44. Umbrellas, Manufacture of, 206. United States Express Co., 149. Underwear, Manufacture of, 139. Union Transfer Co., 149. United Traction Co., 47. Vv. Van Buren’s Visit to Reading, 23. Vitrified Brick, 121. Vocal Music, 72. Ww. Wagons, Manufacture of, 127. Wards of Reading, 82. Ward Officials, 83. Ware House in 1826, 93. Washing Machines, 206, Washington Library, 71. Washington’s Visit to Reading, 23. Water Commissioners, 84, 289. Committee, 225. Compauy, Reading, 20. Works, 37. Waynesboro Delegation, 258. w.c. T. U., 81. Weber Hosiery Factory, 141. Weber Paper Box Factory, 113. Weduesday, June 8th, 254. Weightman Trunk Factory, 205. Wertz Cracker Factory, 105. West Reading Boiler Works, 176. Westney Hat Factory, 158. Wetherhold Carriage Factory, 127. Wetherhold Hat Factory, 156. Wheelwrights, 129. Wheels, Manufacture of, 129. Whitner, C. K. & Co., Store, 146. Wilhelm Paint Works, 189. Wilkinson Shear Co., 178. Willson Jewelry Factory, 181. Willson Spectacle Factory, 202. Wiuter & Goetz Tannery, 184. Widows’ Home, 79. Woerner Picture Frame Factory, 194. Woman’s Committee, 225. | Woman's Day, Public Reception, 239. Wonnberger’s Book Bindery, 112. Wooden Boxes, Manufacture of, 114. Woolen Goods, Manufacture of, 207. Wunder, William A , Fire Apparatus, 150. Wunder Basket Factory, 105, W.&N R.R., 46. Y. Yeager Cornice Works, 188. Y.M.C.A,, 80. Yocum Bros Cigar Factory, 135. Yocum Flour Mill, 150. CH “SB Public Buildings. Churches.—Contitued. 1. City Hall, ROMAN CATHOLIC, _ 2, Court House, 67. St. Joseph’s, 3. County Prison, 68. St. Mary’s, 4. Post Office, . 69. St. Paul’s, 5. Sewage Pumping Staiion, St. Peter’s, it St. Cecelia Memorial, . Sewage Disposal Plant, 4 Ts Ae a as ine .. House of Good Shepherd, _ Market Houses. ) UNITED BRETHREN. 7. Chestnut Street, Mennonite, 3. Farmers, No. 1, Otterbein, . Farmers, No. 2, eae . Farmers, No. 3, _Zion’s, 11. Fifth Street Church of Our Father, North-East (Universalist), 5 Potteiger, ee . South Reading, . Tenth and Windsor, “Mission of Hope, West Reading, Hospitals. Churches. _ Homoeopathic, Reading, eee St. Joseph’s rh Hirst). | is a og Berean, | SSN | EVANGELICAL, Cemeter Tem 4 eee t ulenbach’s, . First United, : “Friendship Hope Missi atholic, ‘riendship Hope Mission, Misses Hyae: 2. Grace United, Fi SOR 3 A. Deen | . St. Matthew's, 6. - Trinity United, . Hebrew, St. John’s Lutheran, Trinity Lutheran, Alsace, Reformed, - FRIENDS. | 7. Friends? Meeting Hope” Schools. eee By HEBREW. Boys’ High, ‘! Temple ‘Oheb Sholom,”’ irls’ High, BS: Sens Habrith, SUS HOLINESS CHRISTIANS. Jesse Orr, homas Severn, hestnut Street, Franklin Street, eorge Lerch, J. Hagenman, Bingaman Street, Ninth and Spruce, . S. Richards, Samuel Frees, Perkiomen Avenue, eventeenth and Cotton, . St. Luke’s, 104. Henry S. Eckert, 40. St. Mark’s, 16-J 105. A. H. Phillippi, 41. St. Matthew’s, 15-L, 106 Elm Street, 42. ‘Trinity, 15-L 107. Tenth and Green, Nos. 1 & 2, METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 108. Mulberry Street, 43. African M, E., 16-M 109. Twelfth and Buttonwood, 44. Covenant, 16-1, 110. Twelfth and Greenwich, 45. Fourth Street, 16-M 111. Edwin Ziegler, 46. Memorial, 15-1 112. Marion Street, 47. Fifth Street, I5-N 113. Spring and Moss Streets, 114. Tenth and Union Streets, AS. Hirst Sree raowl 115. Twelfth and Windsor, i , By 116. J. H. Jacobs, 49), Olivet, ee 117. C. B. McKnight 50. Washington Street, 16-M j KS Pande Bilnes, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, 119. Spring Street, 51. Christ Cathedral, 14-M 120, Washington Street, 52. St. Barnabas, 15-N 121. Ricktown, 53. St. Luke's, ey 122. Bechteltown, REFORMED. 123. Schuylkill Avenue, Nos. 1 & 2, 54. Calvary, 14-K 124. St. Peter’s Parochial, 55. Faith, 14-N 193. St. Michael’s Seminary, 56. First, Lfedy 125. Brunner’s Business College, 57. Olivet, pes 126, Inter-state Commercial College, 58. Second, 15-M ee 59. St. Andrew’s, 17-N Fire Companies. 60. St. James’, 11-M 7 61. St. John’s, 16-N 127. Friendship, 62, St. Mark’s, 13-K 128. Hampden, 63. St. Paul’s, 15-1, 129. Junior, 64. St. Stephen’s, 16-K 130. Keystone Hook and Ladder, 65. St. Thomas’, 17-J 131. Liberty, 66. Zion’s, 16-M 132. Marion, 16-J 16.1, 16-J 16-M 14-M 15-M 17-L, 20-N 16-O 14-H 16-O 17-O 17-O 16-H 16-M | 14-O 16-M 17-K 15-L 14-M 14-O 16-1 133. 134. 135. 136. 137% 138. 139. 140. 141. 16, 142. 143. “144, 78. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 142. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 170. 171. 17m 1. _ 174. 175. 176, 177s 178. 179. 180. 18t, 182, 183. 184. 185. 186, 187. 188. 189. 190. I9I. 192. Fire Companies.—Continued. Neversink, Rainbow, Reading Hose, Riverside, Schuylkill, Washington Hook and Ladder, Halls. Academy of Music, Auditorium, Masonic Temple, Grand Opera House, Gilder’s Auditorium, Excelsior, Library, Rajah Temple, Young Men’s Christian Assoc’n, Railroaders’ Y. M. C. A., Hotels. Allen House, American House, Berks County House, Black Bear Inn, Grand Central, Centennial Springs, City, Crystal Palace, Dengler’s, Farmers’, Highland House, Hotel Penn, Kurtz House, Mansion House, Merchants’, Continental, Mineral Spring, Neversink Mountain, Reading House, . Riverside, . Stummit, . Three Mile House, . Union, . United States, . Woodvale Inn, Penna. Schuylkill Valley, Philadelphia & Reading, Franklin Street, (P. & R.), Wilmington & Northern, W. & N., foot of Sixth Street, Freight Stations. Penna. Schuylkill Valley, Philadelphia & Reading, P. & R., Spruce Street, Wilmington & Northern ) Carsonia, Klapperthal, Mineral Spring, | Penn’s Common, Wildwood, Reservoirs, — Ang SSS N\'Z YU NIW\ Pfe SSNS ENR “iy Loe CNN Si é. We cs de LTS ype~ SESS if IHNEN TAN Uy a ne 1 ES ESS VEO Prepared for the Executive Committee of the Sesqui-Centennial See ae YY / L ENN a a x ih art ANN ia SESS - wf Sz WSN Celebration of Reading by Wm. H. DrecHanr, C. E. | 5 J if BQ Sy Wit ili, CSS { Sn ce , RRQ Id % \ T WOR VSD ew io (| 2 S ~PRLQLOSSS SSS SS SS WZ \ Scale—2000 feet to the inch. | \ a gt x eS = Ene <= {pS Wow! S . —— We th LZ Ges SS CEES 7 SS LB Ly Up in| INNS = ICS S (ZEZZITIRIR DS TST NN 3 SEZ Sify fH RSS NSS @ LY i yp pPZF Po PEWS By y ec Poa ae a “GL. is JIS SRG TENN WS KOE i. Sa / WS LS : s as W \ LAIN IS LS SSA iN} EAS yee Zi iys MINS Sh ASF : é > HH QO nn | Medgar Ih LE). SEAS SS ESESSS,

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City Hall, Court House, County Prison, Post Office, Sewage Pumping Staiion, Sewage Disposal Plant, Market Houses. - Chestnut Street, Farmers, No. 1 Farmers, No. 2, Farmers, No. 3, Fifth Street, North-East, Potteiger, South Reading, . Tenth and Windsor, . West Reading, Churches. BAPTIST. First, Berean, EVANGELICAL, Ebenezer, First United, Friendship Hope Mission, Grace United, Immanuel, Salem, St. Matthew's, ‘Trinity United, FRIENDS. Friends’ Meeting House, HEBREW. Temple ‘‘ Oheb Sholom,’’ Shomro Habrith, HOLINESS CHRISTIANS. Calvary, LUTHERAN. . Faith, . Grace, . Hope, . Peace, . St. James, . St. James’ Mission, . St, John’s, . St..John’s Chapel, 39- . St. Mark’s, . St. Matthew’s, . Trinity, St. Luke’s, METHODIST EPISCOPAL, . African M. E., . Covenant, . Fourth Street, . Memorial, . Fifth Street, PRESBYTERIAN, . First, . Olivet, . Washington Street, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, Christ Cathedral, St. Barnabas, St. Luke's, REFORMED. Calvary, Faith, First, Olivet, Second, St. Andrew’s, St. James’, St. John’s, St. Mark’s, St. Paul's, St. Stephen’s, St. Thomas’, Zion’s, 15-M 15-M 17-M 15-M 15-O 15-5 16-N 16-M 16-M 16-M 15-K 16-L, 14-M 15-N 16-J 14-M 16-M 16-N 15-L 15-N 16-K 15-M 15-M 16-M 14-M 15-N 17-1 14-K 14g-N 15-L 14-G 15-M 17-N r1-M 16-N 13-K 15-1, 16-K Dp) 16-M 67. 68. 69. 70. aT 194. 72. 73- 74: 75- 76. 77: 79: 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. go. gi. 92. 93- 94- 95- 96. 97- 98. 99. 100, iol. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106 107. 108, 109. 110, Til. 112. 113. I14, 115. 116, 117. 118, 119. 120, J2r. 122. 123. 124, 193. 125. 126. 127. 128, 129, 130. 131, 132. Churches.—Contivued. ROMAN CATHOLIC, St. Joseph’s, St. Mary’s, St. Paul’s, St. Peter’s, ‘St. Cecelia Memorial, House of Good Shepherd, UNITED BRETHREN. Mennonite, Otterbein, Salem, Zion’s, Church of Our Father, (Universalist), Mission of Hope, Hospitals. Homoeopathic, Reading, St. Joseph’s, Cemeteries. Aulenbach’s, Catholic, Charles Evans, Hebrew, St. John’s Lutheran, Trinity Lutheran, Alsace, Reformed, Schools. Boys’ High, Girls’ High, Jesse Orr, Thomas Severn, Chestnut Street, Franklin Street, George Lerch, J. Hagenman, Bingaman Street, Ninth and Spruce, J. S. Richards, ‘Samuel Frees, Perkiomen Avenue, Seventeenth and Cotton, Poplar Street, Henry S. Eckert, A. H. Phillippi, Elm Street, Tenth and Green, Nos. 1 & 2, Mulberry Street, Twelfth and Buttonwood, Twelfth and Greenwich, Edwin Ziegler, Marion Street, Spring and Moss Streets, Tenth and Union Streets, Twelfth and Windsor, J. H. Jacobs, C. B. McKnight, Lewis Briner, Spring Street, Washington Street, Ricktown, Bechteltown, Schuylkill Avenue, Nos. 1 & 2, St. Peter’s Parochial, St. Michael’s Seminary, Brunner’s Business College, Inter-state Commercial College, Fire Companies. Friendship, Hampden, Junior, Keystone Hook and Ladder, Liberty, Marion, 15-L, 13-I 17-L 20-N 16-O 14-H 16-O 17-0 17-O 16-E 16-M 14-M 14-O 15-O 14-N 14-M 15-N 16-M 16-N 16-N 17-N 17-O 18-N 19-0 15-L, 16-L 16-L, 16-L, 16-K 16-K 17-L, 17-K 16-J 16-I 16-J 16-G 17-J 14-G 15-J 14-L, r5-I 14-L 13-1, 14-K 137-K 15-N 17-G 14-M 15-M 16-M 17-K 15-L, 14-M 14-O 16-I 133. 134, 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. I4t. 16. 142. . Excelsior, 143. Library, 144. 78, 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 142, 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167, 168, 169, 170, 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. rt. "182, 183. Fire Companies.—Continued. Neversink, Rainbow, Reading Hose, Riverside, Schuylkill, Washington Hook and Ladder, Academy of Music, Auditorium, Masonic Temple, Grand Opera House, Gilder’s Auditorium, Rajah Temple, Young Men’s Christian Assoc’n, Railroaders’ Y. M. C. A., Hotels. Allen House, American House, Berks County House, Black Bear Inn, Grand Central, Centennial Springs, City, Crystal Palace, Dengler’s, Farmers’, Highland House, Hotel Penn, Kurtz House, Mansion House, Merchants’, Continental, Mineral Spring, Neversink Mountain, Reading House, Riverside, Summit, Three Mile House, Union, United States, Woodvale Inn, Passenger Stations. Penna. Schuylkill Valley, Philadelphia & Reading, Franklin Street, (P. & R.), Wilmington & Northern, W. & N., foot of Sixth Street, Freight Stations. Penna. Schuylkill Valley, Philadelphia & Reading, P. & R., Spruce Street, Wilmington & Northern, Parks. Carsonia, Klapperthal, Mineral Spring, Penn’s Common, Wildwood, Reservoirs. . Angelica Water Co., 185. 186, 187. 1388, 189. 190. 191. 192, Antietam, Bernbart, Buttonwood, Egelman, Hampden, Penn Street, Philadelphia & Reading, West Reading, 21-O 13-M 15-K 15-M 13-M 15-O 14-R 25-H 19-C 18-I 20-1, 18-L, 17-M 15-G 12-M Yi, Y 7 _ tity}: Yj Z tj Yy Yj YY _ OO EEL SOAS ARAN ese SER ee AA ONT RE ones ee YH oC _