ec San a oe oS Se : CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Sania HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. Est quoddam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra.—Horace WAYNESBORO The History of a Settlement in the County for- merly called Cumberland but later Franklin, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in its be- ginnings; through its growth into a Village and Borough, to its Centennial Period and to the Close of the Present Century: Including a Rela- tion of Pertinent Topics of General State and County History. By BENJAMIN MATTHIAS NEAD Published under the Auspices of the Waynesboro Centennial Association. HARRISBURG, PA. : HARRISBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY MCM Res FOREWORD. HE following pages are the outgrowth of a com- FOREWORD. mendable purpose on the part of the Association of gentlemen who arranged for and so successtully carried out the centennial celebration of Waynesboro in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, the one hundredth anniversary of the ’ actual laying out of the town. It was thought to thus preserve in permanent form a record of the proceedings on the centennial occasion, and, also, to include such items of interest from an historical point of view, relating to the early settlement of that section of the country and of the town, which might be gathered by a reasonable amount of diligence and presented with some regard to method. The plan adopted is somewhat of a departure from the usual methods. It has not included, as will be readily seen, the presentation of biographical sketches of individ- uals, or genealogical records of families, but has aimed to embrace within its scope simply the plain narrative of events, or in other words, ‘‘the essence of innumerable biographies,” with only such actual mention of individuals and families as proved to be pertinent in a general way. He who received the invitation of the Association to do this work, here desires to make certain acknowledg- ments: to manifest his appreciation of the honor con- ferred, by the Association’s appointment to this work, upon him, who, while not a native of Waynesboro, was born within six miles of the town; to return thanks to every member of the Association for their untiring efforts to furnish him with information and material for the work, and, through the Association, to all who have as- Ny FOREWORD. WAYNESBORO, sisted them, or him, in any regard, and to express the hope that what is herein presented, being but the harvest of a desultory planting, under difficulties, in hitherto unbroken soil, may, at least, be sufficiently fruitful of interest to encourage others to more widely cultivate the field in the future. Harrisburg, Pennsylvaiia, July, the Fourth, rooo. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. HE THAT WILL HAVE A CAKE OUT OF THE WHEAT MUST NEEDS TARRY THE GRINDING. How Truth Comes to us. Importance of Local History. Re- ligious Persecution a Factor. A Home for Hunted Sects. What Penn Found. Unneighborly Conduct. The problem of Settlement. A Fruitful Harvest,...-.--.sseeeeeseeeeeeteneces I-19 CHAPTER I. LAND TITLES. ORIGIN AND NATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA TENURES. The “New Albion Claim.” Penn Proprietary Grants and Titles. Indian Purchases. Conflict of Titles. Boundary Disputes. In- dividual Grants, «sqmanecnnge te pac ger gar anenaie te ds guimemamoerece 21-48 CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. ORGANIZATION, DIVISION AND SUBDIVISION. The Three Original Counties. The Division of Chester Coun- ty. Formation of Cumberland and Franklin Counties. State of Public Feeling. Original Townships. Formation of Wash- ington Township,.........00: eee ee eee e eee renee enn tent eens 49-66 CHAPTER III. EARLY SETTLERS. NATIONALITY AND CHARACTERISTICS. IMPELLING CAUSES OF SETTLEMENT. First Taxables. Early Rates and Levies. An Irrepressible Conflict. Anglican Idea of Liberty. Characteristics of the Scotch-Irish. Characteristics of the Germans. An Amalga- matéd Stk, ss csvnsccaxceewseaen 04 ree gag eee ee cena eae 67-74 4 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER LY. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. WAYNESBORO AS A SETTLEMENT, VILLAGE AND INCORPORATED BOROUGH. Wallacetown and Waynesboro (The Village), 1797-1818. The Proposed Incorporation of “Waynesburg” (Transition Period), 1818-1831. The Borough of “Waynesboro” (Formative Period), 1831-1870. Looking Cityward (The “Golden Age’’), 1870-1900, 75-99 CHAPTER ¥. LOOKING BACKWARD. REMINISCENSES AND RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PAST. A Picture of the Valley. Nicholass’s Gap. The First Wallace Settlement. ‘The Old Wallace Homestead. Narrative of “Ye Ancient Inhabitant.” A Stroll Through the Old Town. “Peale’s Museum.” The‘Poor House.” The Character of the Shops. Military Organizations. Life inthe Early Days. Law- less Characters. A Capture. 163 Flag of First Penn’a. Regiment, Continental Line (Colored ‘Plate)— (From original in State Flag Room),.-----++++++++ee8: *168 Receipt for advertising military orders—Uprising against Excise— (From original, possession of Author), .----+-++++++++++ 176 Autograph, Wm. McClelland, Brigade Inspector, 1812— (From original document, possession of Author),----+--- 179 Autograph, Capt. Samuel Dunn, 1812— (From original document, possession of Author),-.------ 181 Autograph, Brig. Gen. Peter B. Porter, 1812-14— (From original document, possession of Author),..---- 184 “An old Defender,” .......es cece cece e eee e nent e eens 185 Portrait, Capt. John E. Walker, ..---.-.e0ee eee e ener ener eens 189 Autograph, Capt. Wm. J. Palmer,.....-.--.0 +. sees seen eens 104 Portrait, William B. Wilson, ...---..ee eee e eee eee eee eee 198 Sending News from the Border— (From Brady war photograph, by L. C. Handy, Wash- ington, D, C.),..-.ee cece e eee centre eee teen eeaee 199 Portrait, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart— (From Brady photograph, by L. C. Handy),.....--.-+-- 200 The Boys in Charge of the Wagons— (From Brady photograph, by L. C. Handy),.........-. 2c6 Portrait, Brig. Gen. Wade Hampton— (From Brady photograph, by L. C. Handy)..-..-----.-- 209 Map of Stuart’s Raid through Pennsylvania— (From the original in War Department, Washington, (Oe CS err ee eee re eee eee 211 OR Phi bus Wining acs ns4acsesseoogemmeeeedise ee ea toos S4 216 , Portrait, Gov. Andréw G. Curtifijec:wessaesvassscsvewsenences 221 Lieut. Gen. Richard S. Ewell— (From Brady photograph, by L. C. Handy),..........-. 223 Where the First Union Soldier Fell in Pennsylvania (Plate), 225 Facsimile of a Confederate Pass— (From original, possession of Author),.-.-----+++++ee0 228 Ready For the Torch— (From Brady photograph, by L. C. Handy),......-..-..- 229 Portrait, Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early— (From Brady photograph, by L. C. Handy),............ 230 Portrait, Maj. Gen. Darius N. Couch— (From Collection of J. F.. Sachse),.......:sc0sesceeeeees 233 A War Time Poster— (From collection of J. F. Sachse),........:+eceeeeeeeeee 235 Plan of “Forts Washington” and “Henry Clay” opposite Harrisburg, Pa.— (From draft of original in War Department, possession of Dauphin County Hist. Society),..--.........65% #236 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61, 62. 63. . Facsimile “Conocoheague Herald” Heading— 65. 66. 68. 69. 70. a1 2 a 74. ILLUSTRATIONS. 9 . Portrait, Brig. Gen. W. F. Smith— (From Collection of J. F. Sachse),..-...seseeeeeeeeeeuee 237 Portrait, Brig. Gen. Jos. F. Knipe— (From photograph, by LaRue Lemer, Harrisburg),..-. 245 Ruins of Chambersburg— (From photograph taken at the time, possession of J. BL ISaCHS6 tani tS inanrubdemagueiiinead andatidee ames 251 Portrait, Brig. Gen. John McCausland— (From photograph, by L. C. Handy),.-.....-.+-..-e eee 253 Portrait, Maj. Harry W. Gilmore— (From photograph, by L. C. Handy),....---+.-+-e ease 257 Medal Of FLOnOR camesanss222cewed eemmenss SY ESE eae RR 262 Waynesboro School Homes (Plate).....-..-+s-e sees essen eee 265 “Posterme: the Voutiey 1.scnesecetsunnennnacas pan seens enemas 271 Waynesboro Churchés (Plate T)yesvinwccccvasdsscawaetinawan 281 Waynesboro Churches (Plate II.),..--..--- sees este e eee e ee eee 291 Home of Seventh Day Baptists—Snow Hill (Plate),...... 207 Portrait, Sidney Rigdon— CProm: ah. old: print) pietctotiucnsmasas ras 4 seghecteamans 300 “The New Jerusalem” in Franklin County, Pa. (Plate),.... 301 (From original, possession Hon. W. C. Kreps, Green- castle; Pa.) ,s saeaserageiedentas 34 nob ben on poems 303 Facsimile of Waynesboro Newspaper Headings— (From originals, possession of I. E. Yost, W. J. C. Jacobs and N. By Martin) sesncsaanss roan cinaeowates 309 “Poitd, Re GOWe Chong, asssas.c 403,006 oseiamiresarrartnsayena ne gy eleonre aren wobuindes 313 . Triumphal Arch, Center Square,....... cece sete eens e ences 317 Head of Odd Fellows Parade,......scccccceeece cece tenseeenee 324 Soldiers’ Moninent worse: oviact ncaa ige et eeree eee ceeds 327 Head, of (Civid Patads,..1csccanivienummesetoaconsavreas oamanon 342 Centennial Music. Hall,«: oisoscrumamacaseys eyedeeeaniieewarien 351 . ‘Portrait; Abram Gtaleyess< iicacnascmeweatar Paiwanauempinnee 354 Waynesboro Centennial Association (Group),....---+..++0- 350 Official Program (Reproduction of original),............. 361-364 Wes wally?y cng ee ‘atllytre ig pas Mita id | Yy amare foal Mae seo” ae tir, ig Ny 3 eS oi cha Wg “Koni INTRODUCTION. HE THAT WILL HAVE A CAKE OUT OF THE WHEAT MUST NEEDS TARRY THE GRINDING. HATSOEVER matters concerning the past, are put down in writing and dignified with the name of History must have the truth as their sure foundation. The truth of the past is rarely tangible in its entirety. It comes to us “as gold is washed down from the mountains of the West, in minute but precious particles, and intermixed with infinite alloy, the debris of centuries;” but the return is rich to the diligent seeker, who avoiding the “fool’s gold” of romance, de- votes himself faithfully to the pursuit of the pure nuggets of fact, and having found them, constructs for them, to the best of his ability, a philosophical setting, properly presenting causes and effects. The work of the annalist, useful as it is in the preserva- tion and chronological arrangement of facts, and so com- mon as to be almost universal, in the printed records, particularly relating to the past of Pennsylvania, is not, it is true, in the strictest sense, history, but it is a very important basis of History, and it is much to be regretted, that, whilst there have been many faithful and unselfish workers along this line of research in Pennsylvania, and as a consequence much of value preserved, the careless- ness or crime of the early custodians of Pennsylvania’s important public documents and records, meaning her MS archives, has rendered it possible for so much to be scattered abroad, emasculated or wholly destroyed. Biography, also, has a most important relation to his- tory; Carlyle says, “History is the essence of innumerable biographies.” Pennsylvania has been fortunate again to INTRODUCTION. The guise in which truth comes. The relation of the Annalist to History. The relation of Biography to His- tory. I2 INTRODUCTION. Importance of work not appre- ciated. Effect of reli- gious persecu- tion in the XVI and XVII Cen- turies. WAYNESBORO. a degree, in that she has not been lacking in painstaking and conscientious biographers and genealogical writers whose works are a thesaurus for the historical investi- gator, albeit the reprehensible condition of the provincial and early State records, above referred to, has seriously handicapped the labors of their authors and compilers. The work of the annalist, the biographer and the genealogist is naturally circumscribed in its scope and precludes any extended consideration of underlying prin- The people of Pennsylvania owe a debt of gratitude to such earnest and indefatigable laborers in the general field of ciples or comprehensive view of causes and effects. Pennsylvania History, as have already contributed to the literature of the country the results of their work, and to the many county annalists and chroniclers of local events who have saved and recovered much from the insatiate maw of Time. It is true, however, that the generations of Pennsylvania’s people, even unto the present have not fully awakened to a proper appreciation of the essential part which Pennsylvania has taken in the formation and perpetuation of the Union; to an understanding of the influences which she has exerted as one of the most potent factors in the civilization of the American Continent, or to the importance of the study, from a philosophical standpoint of the causes which have brought about this grand result. In a work as purely local as this which now engages attention, the story of Pennsylvania's birth, and her rapid elevation to a central, a commanding position, the “key- stone” in the arch of States of the Union, may be men- tioned, but cannot be told. The closing years of the XVI and the opening years of the XVII centuries were a period of unrest in the Old World. The spirit of the great Reformation was quick- ened anew in every locality. Freedom of conscience and liberty of thought were the watchwords of awakened INTRODUCTION. 13 humanity. The doctrine of the Divine right of Kings was INTRODUCTION. struggling for its very existence, and on every hand the unhallowed trammelings of religious persecution and in- tolerance were felt. Failure to submit absolutely to the arbitrary dicta of tyranny meant ostracism and exile. Cruel necessity compelled the exchange of comfortable and happy homes for the secret places in almost inacces- sible mountain fastnesses and closely hidden sanctuaries in the valleys. Men of conscience, men of principle, were casting about wildly for some safe harbor, as they at- tempted to breast the waves of the great sea of events which were tossed mountain high in their agitation. Who can paint the picture of these two centuries of unrest in the Old World? Who fittingly portray the mighty power of the religious intolerance and persecution, which were well-nigh universal? In this crisis the New World became the hope of thou- sands, and no section gave promise of a more generous welcome than the “peaceful province’ of Penn. Here shone the great light which pointed the way to a safe harbor for the souls buffeted by the waves of persecution. Here was the refuge for all who desired “to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences” and to live at peace with their fellow men. Here was the sanc- tuary for the affrighted beings who had been hunted like wild beasts by a savage soldiery under the orders of still more savage representatives of authority; and here the home for the victims of countless persecutions, indescrib- able in cruelty, perpetrated in the quiet valleys as well as in the crowded cities across the sea, where intolerance held undisputed sway. Here also, a field of holy labor presented itself to scores and hundreds of godly men and women, who came, not because driven by persecution, but being imbued with the true missionary spirit and in- spired with that love of their fellow men, which was born of the Christ. The New World a Sanctuary. 14 INTRODUCTION. Pennsylvania the home of hunted sects. WAYNESBORO. The gates of Pennsylvania stood awide in welcome. Within the liberty enwidened borders of this delightful land swept by the waters of the Delaware and Susque- hanna came to abide, not one people alone, not a single sect, but the sturdy representatives of many people and of many sects. To this conglomerate mass of humanity, which subsequently grew into the homogeneous people of Pennsylvania, white-cliffed Albion contributed, besides adherents of Huss and followers of Fox, who combined in their character independence of action and respect for constituted authority, also conforming English whose re- ligious formalism did not prevent them from being adepts at trade. The shores of the Baltic, the banks of the Rhine, the mountains of Switzerland, the land of the dykes and the windmills and the vineclad hills of sunny France, each sent their full complement of sober, thrifty and unflinchingly God-serving and God-fearing men; ex- ponents of the faith of Luther and Calvin and Zwingli and Wesley; disciples of Menno Symon and Schwenkfeld and Spener, and “faithfully protestant, but pitifully op- pressed” Huguenots: all peace seeking people and lovers of the arts of peace. Last, but not least conspicuous, from the hills of Scotland and Erin’s Green Isle, came the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians and Covenanters and their kindred; born soldiers and in all things men of iron-clad principle. These the elements which, crystallizing here, made it possible for the “Holy Experiment” of William Penn in his government to become fruitful beyond the wildest dream of his ambition. For nearly three-quarters of a century after the found- ing of the Home for Hunted Sects, under the government of Penn, the actual occupation of the land was confined chiefly to the territory lying toward the south and be- tween the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers; the rich and INTRODUCTION, fertile territory stretching away to the westward of the Susquehanna, remaining undisturbed by the encroach- ments of the white man. Even at the time of William Penn's arrival it was terra incognita, and in undisputed possession of the red man. It was in turn the resting place of wandering tribes from the Southland bound upon visits, hostile or friendly, as the case might be, to their Northern brethren; the place of rendezvous for represen- tative warriors of many tribes, summoned to council of peace or war; the home and protected hunting grounds of bands of friendly red men, who leaving the Sun Land of the South joined their fortunes with the Confederacy of the North. Afterwards it became the coveted prize of intruders from near Potomack and the jealously guarded reservation of the Quaker government at Philadelphia, and, lastly, the staunchly settled and fearlessly protected frontier and outpost of the advanced civilized settlement of the New World; the gateway to the unbroken wilder- ness of the West, through which the dusky inhabitants of the region at last departed, before the superior strength of the children of Education as “the Star of Empire westward took its course.” No section of country was more familiar to the Indian, none better loved, and none, when the red hand of mur- derous warfare beckoned, more relentlessly ravished. Dear to him were its mountains and “barrens,” alive with game, and dear its creeks and streamlets with their abundance of fish, and bitter indeed, and murderously revengeful, the feelings of the lawless tribes toward the paleface whose legal acquisition of the soil, as civilization advanced, was in the eyes of the supplanted ones an un- pardonable wrong. The rights of the Indian in this section were recognized by the first Proprietor of Pennsylvania, and respected by him and by those who came after him, and in no other part of the province was the humane and upright policy INTRODUCTION. Situation of the lands ‘‘West. of Susquehanna,’’ when Penn’s goy- ernment was founded. A home dear to the red man. The rights of the Indians re- spected. INTRODUCTION. The Susquehanna river a factor. A speculative proposition. The reservation policy. WAYNESBORO. of William Penn, with respect to the natives, as “original proprietors of the soil,” better exemplified and with greater determination carried out. The great inland river, the Susquehanna, was, so to speak, the highway of communication between the native tribes that dwelt upon its shores, and to the north and westward, and their brethren to the east and south. In the light of its history it seems almost by Divine purpose that this broad and smiling river was not navigable but for a short distance from its mouth. In those early days, when mariners tried “to reach the East by sailing west,” and had wonderful adventures and made strange dis- coveries in the bays and inlets along the eastern coast of the new Continent, the waters of the Susquehanna, bright, attractive and inviting as they were, could never welcome the “venturesome keels” of the “first dis- coverers.” No Spanish, Dutch or English skipper ever dropped a lead into the bosom of its inland waters, or gazed enrapt upon the beauties of its upper shores. Its lands, except so far as they were an unknown part of earlier kingly grants, of indefinite extent, had no part in the controversies concerning title by discovery. History has to do with nothing except the proven truth, and must be, therefore, a stranger to propositions purely speculative; yet the curiously inclined might find both pastime and profit in considering from a speculative standpoint what different order of things there might have been if the Susquehanna river, at the date of its discovery, had been navigable from its mouth to its source, or chiefly so. As long as in the natural order of things was possible, the reservation rights of the Indians to the lands west of the Susquehanna were protected and preserved by the government of Pennsylvania. The policy was, indeed, upheld for a much longer period than was consonant ‘with the best interests of the Proprietaries, and it is now diffi- INTRODUCTION. 17 cult to define to what extent the determination to keep !NTRopucTION. faith with the natives to the fullest, in this section of the province, is answerable for the serious troubles subse- quently arising out of the adverse claims made by Mary- land “squatters” and warrantees along the southern border. There could be no misunderstanding of the policy of the Maryland claimants. They were looking with envious eves upon the whole of the wide expanse of rich territory which stretched away toward the Susquehanna. The un- certainty of boundary limits made title by occupation, or a Maryland warrant, to much of this desirable land, something more than a possibility. Many valuable tracts were already in actual possession. There was no right of “the original proprietors” of the soil, according to any ethics which the land-seekers understood, which they were bound to respect. The situation grew critical. The representatives of the Six Nations, reluctant as they were to accede to it, were forced to admit that the plan pro- posed by the Deputy-Governor of Pennsylvania, to make governmental surveys in the threatened territory, was the best thing to be done in the emergency. The tide of civilization from the East was rapidly swelling and threat- ened soon to break away all barriers to the westward. To the southward as above adverted to, the persistent ad- vances and insidious encroachments of settlers from Maryland and round about Potomack, were a constant menace. The absolute confirmation of the title to the lands west of the Susquehanna in the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania; the establishment of Proprietary land agen- cies, and the survey of Proprietary manors within the ter- ritory were the steps taken to relieve the situation. These were steps taken in wisdom, but in the light of history, they were steps tardily taken, and who shall now positively declare that they were taken “with an eye sin- gle’ only to the interests of the Indian. (2) Attitude of the Maryland claim- ants, A critical situa- tion tided over. 18 WAYNESBORO. INTRODUCTION. Two potent elements in the make-up of Pennsylvania’s migration seem, in the eternal economy of affairs, to A serious prob-' have been set apart to people this section of the province. oe Between them there was no community of language or of interests; on the contrary, a relationship which at the outset was little short of pronounced antagonism. With muttered discontent among the savage inhabitants, which a breath might fan into open warfare, with conflicts over land titles with southern neighbors, in connection with which bloodshed not infrequently occurred, it behooved the Proprietary government to deal in prudence and care with this new problem of settling in the same section of the province, two classes of people in antagonism with each other. Between the lands lying on the west side of the Sus- quehanna river, and the Kittochtinny (or Cumberland) Valley, trending to the southward beyond, the South Mountain was a natural barrier. Attracted by the rich First German POttom lands along the river, shut off from the haunts of pevulements: the savages by the mountain, the Germans, natural agri- culturists, and adverse to the hardships and adventures which a life beyond the mountain gave promise of, were readily induced, acquiescing in the plan of the govern- ment, to take out licenses for and to settle the lands along the river. Let the line of rich and thriving villages and towns which lie along the river now, like a necklace of jewels, certify the wisdom of this choice. The German idea in Success of the the settlement and growth, not only of this section, but German ‘ae. of the whole province, deserves to be recognized in its history, however much the tendency is to overlook it. It has been the great cohesive element, the mighty bond, that has held in place the other elements; and by that longing which is natural to a German for a home and home comforts, by the German thrift and industry, were INTRODUCTION. 19 laid the earliest and most durable foundations of actual INTRODUCTION. settlement in Pennsylvania. The valley beyond furnished a field of operations, peculiarly designed by Nature for a people like the Scotch-Irish. It demanded their indomitable spirit to brave the dangers of that valley and to successfully carry out a mighty mission, the important results of which are patent to-day. These people were soldiers, fighters in aggressive as well as defensive warfare, but better still they were Christians and lovers of education. They were able to cope with the savage and treacherous foe which lurked in the shadow of every mountain fastness, but at the same time, as the representatives of Religion and her hand-maiden Education, they built churches and school- houses in the valley. Through subsequent intercourse, family affiliations, and in general a growth of a community of interests, as time progressed, the Germans on the river side of the mountain and the Scotch-Irish on the valley side became a homogeneous people, and, amalgamated, present to-day the sturdiest stock of citizenship which the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania claims as her own. In the planting of the portion of Pennsylvania which lies west of the Susquehanna, thrift, energy, bravery and supreme love of country went hand in hand. It was a notable seed time, therefore it may not be marvelled at that a harvest of overflowing fruitfulness, in every line of the implanting, has been and is being reaped. The Scotch-Irish as pioneers. Amalgamation. A fruitful harvest. ORIGINAL COUNTY SEALS AND STATE ENSIGN, CHAPTER I. LAND TITLES. ORIGIN AND NATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA TENURES. HE vesting in the Quaker founder, the original Pro- prietary, and his family, of the title to the vast do- main now known as Pennsylvania, the subsequent divestiture and quieting thereof in the Commonwealth, and the establishment of individual land titles, constitute a story which, following the golden thread of romance which runs through it, glows at times with the lurid flash of thrilling and sometime even tragic incident, albeit a story in the main grounded in the dry and uninteresting details of a legal controversy for the preservation or over- throw of disputed rights, with the issue, indeed, often in doubt. Notwithstanding the fact that English Charter rights were granted for lands in Pennsylvania under the principle which obtained among the nations across the sea, that the newly discovered country belonged to the people whose representatives first discovered it, title by conquest is the actual groundwork of all English tenure of lands in Penn- sylvania; therefore, the history of lands in any section of the State must, in a general way, relate back to the con- quest of the colonies on the Delaware by the English shortly after the restoration of the House of Stuart, King Charles the Second reigning. The English Government, in common with the other progressive European nations, had already learned by ex- perience that title by conquest followed by occupancy of lands, particularly in the Western Continent, without cer- tainly defined and recorded descriptions of territorial bounds, guaranteed nothing definitely unless it were the CHAPTER I. Land titles. Nature of English tenure, Oct. 3, 1664. A prolific cause of controversy. 22 CHAPTER I. The Maryland grant. June 20, 1632. New Albion. June 31, 1634. WAYNESBORO. certainty of boundary disputes, not only with foreign gov- ernments, but amongst its own subjects as well. The truth of this proposition cannot be denied, and history stands witness to the fact that the improvident granting of land titles by English charters, for territory in America, without an accurate knowledge of the geography and topography of the territory granted, proved to be quite a prolific cause of controversy in both of the young pro- vinces on the Delaware and Chesapeake. The first seeds of trouble were planted with the charter grant by King Charles the First to Cecilius, Lord Balti- more, which, by generous description, included much of the territory subsequently contained in the grant of King Charles the Second to William Penn. Following the Baltimore grant came the romantic gift from King Charles the First to Sir Edmund Plowden as “Farl Palatinate of New Albion” in America, absorbing, besides Long Island, in its forty leagues’ embrace, all the territory of New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The overthrow of the House of Stuart in England, and the withdrawal, for the time being, of royal patronage, rendered the task of securing possession un- der his grant rather too arduous an undertaking for “The Right Honorable and Mighty Lord Edmund by Divine Providence Lord Proprietor Earl Palatinate, Governour and Captain-Generall of the Province of New Albion.” The Restoration brought with it new purposes to be maintained and new, and presently powerful, favorites to be rewarded, and, as a consequence, the ambitious dream of the Earl Palatinate for his “New Albion” was never realized, and its charter right remained only as a brief and romantic chapter in the story of Land Tenure in Pennsyl- vania, entitled to, at least, passing mention in every prop- erly digested view of the subject. LAND TITLES. Several reasons are assigned for the grant of the New Netherlandsto James, Duke of Yorke, by his royal brother, King Charles the Second. The king’s “lack of respect” for the Dutch, and his determination to prevent the evil consequences which might arise from the permanent set- tlement of that nation in the midst of the British Ameri- can colonies; to dispossess the Dutch of their enjoyment of territory to which the English claimed the title, and thus to put an end to the disputes which were continually arising between the two nations; to give expression to the general feeling of enmity to the States General of Hol- land, engendered by rivalry in trade and by other causes; through revenge against the Hollanders who had en- croached upon the rights of the English in Africa, India and elsewhere. In any event, the Duke of Yorke laid claim to the New Netherlands district as a reward commensurate with his valuable services to the Crown. Mingled with his motive in taking possession of this country was the spirit of re- venge against his old enemies, the Dutch, to which was added an avaricious desire to secure to himself the ad- vantages of the entire trade of that valuable country. King Charles was not tardy in acceding to his brother’s wishes. The king granted to the duke the coveted terri- tory in the New World, comprising within its confines the entire extent of the New Netherlands, including the colonies on the Delaware, irrespective of Holland’s claims and Holland’s occupancy. William Penn became Proprietary of his Province of Pennsylvania, and territories annexed thereto, by four several grants. First: The Province of Pennsylvania was granted to Penn by the Great Charter or Patent of King Charles the Second. This royal charter was promptly and duly pub- lished in the proclamation issued by His Majesty’s com- 23 CHAPTER I. Title of Duke of Yorke. Proud. Hazard. Gordon. Acrelius. Penn Proprietary grants. April 2, 1681. 24 CHAPTER I. August 31, 1682. August 24, 1682. August 24, 1682. Area of the Province. Proud, 1780. Penn’s policy. WAYNESBORO. mand, and directed to the inhabitants and planters of Pennsylvania in America. Second: The deed of the Duke of Yorke for the province of Pennsylvania in the same terms substantially as the royal charter. The acquisition of this deed was prompted by the foresight of William Penn, to protect him in the future against any claims of the Duke of Yorke which might arise. Third: The grant of the Duke of Yorke to Penn of the town of New Castle, otherwise called Delaware, and the district of twelve miles around it. Fourth: The grant of the Duke of Yorke to Penn, on the same day, of the tract of land extending from twelve miles south of New Castle to Cape Henlopen, divided into the two counties of Kent and Sussex, which, together with the New Castle district, were commonly known by the name of the “Three Lower Counties” of Pennsylva- nia. The Province, according to the boundaries marked out in the Royal Charter, contained thirty-five million, three hundred and sixty-one thousand, six hundred acres. After the adjustment of all boundary disputes with neigh- boring States, and after the acquisition of the Erie tri- angle, it was computed that Pennsylvania contained about thirty million acres of land, over five million acres less than were comprised within the Charter boundaries, and nearly four million acres more than were estimated by Pennsylvania’s early historian. William Penn, clothed with the fullest power under his royal grant, and in consonance with the policy which was recognized among the civilized nations, could have as- sumed absolute and almost despotic jurisdiction over every foot of land which his charter described, but the religious principles which he professed forbade a policy which would “cement in blood” the foundation stones of LAND TITLES. his new government, and prompted rather the sounder and more humane policy which recognized the rights of the “savage inhabitants” as “legitimate Proprietaries” of the land; a policy which had its inception in the league of amity, “never sworn to and never broken,” entered into under the shade of the forest trees, and was followed by that long line of treaties which protected, as well as might be, the savages in the enjoyment of their rights, and se- cured to the people of Pennsylvania an unbroken peace with them for many a year. The Indians, who dwelt in the valley of the Susque- hanna at the time of the grant of the Province to William Penn, and for a prior period “to which the memory of man runneth not to the contrary,” were, without doubt, of Iroquois or Mingoe stock. Some of the Delaware tribe had settled among them, or in the neighborhood, causing discontent, which feeling was augmented by the persistent encroachments of the settlers from the domain of Lord Baltimore; so the Susquehanna Indians hailed, with gladness, the advent of the Commissioners who represented the Government of William Penn, and promptly sent a deputation to the New Commissioners, seeking protection, which was guaranteed, and proffering friendship, which was accepted and reciprocated. Of the treaty which, according to the best authorities, it is be- lieved, was entered into on this occasion, no record is extant, but there is much reason to believe that it was in- cluded among the matters and things which had been promised and stipulated by the Representatives of the Proprietary before his first arrival, and by him confirmed at the Great Council of friendship under the tree at Shak- amaxon, on which occasion the Susquehanna Indians, with others of the allied natives, were present with the tribes from the Delaware region. Colonel Thomas Dougan, Governor of New York, and CHAPTER I. Indian pur- chases. Note 1. Du Ponceau. Fisher. Watson. Smith. 25 26 CHAPTER I. Governor Dou- gan’s relations with the Pro- prietor. Oct. 10, 1683. 1st Penn’a. Arch. Vol. 1, p. 76. 1st Penn’a. Arch. Vol. 1, 121-2. Jan. 12, 1696. Note 2. Jan. 13, 1696. Description. WAYNESBORO. afterwards Earl of Limerick, who was brought into inti- mate relations with the Proprietary of the new Province of Pennsylvania through the circumstance of his having been deputized by James, Duke of Yorke, to collect the past due quit-rents accrued upon the land granted to Penn, and to adjust other matters connected with the transfer, was further commissioned by the Pennsylvania Proprietary to secure title for him from the Indians to the frontier lands of his Province lying along the Susque- hanna river. Quite early in the life of the Province, Dougan, writ- ing to Penn, and speaking of the Indians with respect to the relinquishment of their lands, says, “They have all agreed to give Susquehanna river to me and this Gov- ernment, which I have under their hands to show for it.” And again, ‘““The Susquehanna river is given me by the Indians by a second gift, about which you and I shall not fall out.” The Indian deed to Governor Dougan is not known now to exist, but his conveyances to William Penn have been preserved. They consist of a lease for one thousand years; the consideration therein mentioned being one hundred pounds lawful money of England,and, in addition, “yearly, and every year, on the feast day of St. Michael, the Archangel, the rent of a pepper corn if the same shall, or lawfully, be demanded.” This lease was supplemented by a fee simple deed; the body of the land conveyed being described as, “All that tract of land lying upon, on both sides of the river comonly called or known by the name of the Susque- hannah River and the lakes adjacent in or neare the Pro- vince of Pensilvania in America, beginning at the moun- tain or head of said river, and running as farr as and into the Bay of Chesapeake which the said Thomas Dougan lately purchased of or had given him by the Sennica Susquehannah Indians.” LAND TITLES. Two years after the Dougan conveyance, in the inter- val between William Penn’s first and second visits to his Province, a number of families of Shawanees or Southern Indians, came .to settle at Conestoga, among those who were already established there. Permission to admit the newcomers was asked of the Proprietary Government. This application for admission was promptly acted upon and resulted, in a later period, on the return of the Pro- prietary to this country, in a new treaty, and a direct con- veyance from the Kings and Sachems of the Susquehanna Indians to William Penn of, “All the lands situate, lying, and being upon both sides of the said (Susquehannah) River and next adjoining the same to the utmost confines of the land, which are, or formerly were, the right of the people or nation called Susquehannagh Indians, or by what name soever they were called.” They also, at this time, confirmed the conveyances made unto Governor Thomas Dougan for the same lands. It was the great desire of William Penn to secure the Susquehanna river through the whole extent of the Pro- vince, and he never lost an opportunity of bringing his title thereto to the view of the Indians, who, from time to time, seemed strangely forgetful of it; so, with this pur- pose in view, the deed last above cited, together, with the ratification and confirmation of Governor Dougan’s con- veyanices, is again recited in an article of agreement, made the following year, between William Penn, upon one hand, and the Susquehanna, Shawanee, Potomac, and Cone- stoga Indians, upon the other. Notwithstanding the efforts of the first Proprietary, and those who came after him, to quiet in themselves the title to the lands on the Susquehanna, it continued to be a cause for discontent among the Indians for a period of nearly forty years longer, when it was finally settled, the 27 CHAPTER I. 1698, Southern Indians admitted. A new treaty. Sept. 13, 1700. Another Agree- ment. April 23, 1701. The title quieted. Oct. 11, 1736, 28 CHAPTER I. Territory included. A proposed Manor. June 18, 1722. 1718 to 1782. WAYNESBORO. good Conrad Weiser being an important agent in the set- tlement. Twenty-three Chiefs of the Onondago, Seneca, Oneida, and Tuscarora Nations joined in the deed to John, Thomas, and Richard Penn, renewing and ratifying all former treaties of friendship and peace, and conveying un- equivocally and absolutely: ‘All the said river Susquehanna with the land lying on both sides thereof, to extend Eastward as far as the heads or branches or streams which run into the Susquehanna, and all the land lying on the West side of the said river to the setting sun, and to extend from the mouth of the said river northward up the same to the hills or mountains called, in the language of the said Indians, Tayamentasachia, and by the Delaware Indians, Kekachtanamin hills.” There could be no question concerning the comprehen- siveness and certainty of this description of lands. With certain releases and private deeds accompanying it, it in- cluded all the territory of the present counties of Franklin, Adams, and York, and part of Cumberland, with consider- able of the territory on the east side of the river, and is known and described as the purchase of seventeen hun- dred and thirty-six. As has already plainly appeared, prior to the purchase just mentioned, the Proprietary of Pennsylvania had no undisputed title to the lands on the western side of the Susquehanna; so it was wisdom on the part of Lieutenant Governor Keith, when the encroachment of settlers from Maryland had assumed a serious and threatening aspect, to diplomatically keep in the background the Penns’ claim to the title, that he might persuade the Indians in posses- sion to consent to the survey of a proprietary manor in the heart of the territory. This was the famous ‘Manor of Springetsbury,” for which the warrant issued, but the survey was not returned into the Land Office, which was closed from the death of William Penn, until the arrival of Thomas Penn. In the meantime, by the consent of the LAND TITLES. Proprietors, sundry settlements had been made within the limits of the survey, but no titles were confirmed. Later, a special commission issued to one Samuel Blun- ston, a gentleman of wide knowledge respecting the lands on the Susquehanna where he resided, authorizing him to grant licenses to settle and take up lands on the west side of the Susquehanna. He issued many licenses during a period extending over three years. These licenses, or rather promises, to settlers to grant them Patents for the land they had settled, covered some twelve thousand acres, and, after the purchase of seventeen hundred and thirty-six, which finally settled the Indian claim, were signed by the Proprietary, Thomas Penn, himself, at Lan- caster. These licenses were peculiar in certain respects. They were issued for lands not absolutely purchased from the Indians. They had all the essentials of a warrant, but no purchase money was paid when they issued. In the con- troversies concerning the Manor of Springetsbury, in York county, they became the subject of judicial investi- gation, and were accepted and formed the bases of many titles. They are known in history as the “Blunston Licenses.” Licenses of this character were issued for lands now em- braced within the limits of Franklin county; for four hun- dred acres at Falling Spring (Chambersburg) were taken up by Benjamin Chambers under the Blunston Licenses, but the title to the land upon which Waynesboro stands, as will appear later, passed directly by Proprietary war- rant. A word as to Proprietary Manors: Although a number of tracts of land in the Province, and, as well, the Proprie- tary tenths, were surveyed and designated Manors, strict- ly speaking there never were any Manors in Pennsylvania. The tenure by which the Charter was held was that 29 CHAPTER I. Blunston Licenses. Jan. 7, 1734. Character of the Blunston License. Sergeant. Rupp. McCauley. Proprietary Manors. 30 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER I. species of feudal tenure called socage by fealty only, in lieu of all other services, and the tenures under William Penn were by a kind of rent service. The patents were not free common socage in lieu of all other services. By the abolition of quit-rents, all estates, derived immediate- ly from the Commonwealth, are unconditionally fee sim- ecideecontitn. ple, with the reservation only of one-fifth part of gold and silver ore at the pit’s mouth. This, in brief, is the history of the vesting in the Pro- prietary of Pennsylvania of the title to the lands in the Kittochtinny or Cumberland Valley, which section of the country filled up very rapidly with settlers under Proprie- tary grants which continued to issue until the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. When the independence of the united colonies became an assured fact, it was patent to all that so vast a domain as Pennsylvania could not, in safety and consistently with the principles espoused by those who fought for indepen- dence, be allowed to remain under the individual owner- ship of the Penn family. Every consideration of sound policy and proper regard for the rights of the people de- manded that their Proprietary interest in the soil should be defeated, and the Seigniory into which the Charter of King Charles the Second had erected Pennsylvania, to be held of the Crown of England by fealty in lieu of all other services, should be vested in and come under the laws of the new government. So, in wisdom, this was done by Act of June °% the Assembly, which also, with a due regard to equity and justice, preserved to the Proprietors their private estates to an extent not inconsistent with the public welfare, and paid them in money one hundred and thirty thousand pounds sterling as an equivalent for the interest in the land of which they had been deprived.. Divesting act. The story of land title disputes and title settlements, which has large and interesting part in the history of every LAND TITLES. section of the State, is not within the scope of these pages. The narrative of the difficulties which arose through the acquisitions of speculators, corporations, or associations ; the settlements made by the decree of self-constituted tribunals safely intrenched from a physical, if not a legal, point of view, cannot be told here; nor yet can there be given the account of the troubles with neighboring peo- ples which led to bloody warfare. With the early controversy between Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the disputes of the settlers, the lands of the Cumberland Valley are more intimately associated. Although the notable overt acts were committed within the limits of York and Adams counties, the dwellers along Antietam and around Conococheague were in a ferment of excitement over the situation, and the attitude of the Marylanders was a constant menace. During the active operations of Thomas Cresap, the chief of the Maryland agitators, and his coadjutors, Benja- min Chambers, of Conococheague, was a trusted agent and adviser of the Proprietors of Pennsylvania. It is said that he visited England on behalf of the Penns, in connection with the boundary dispute with Lord Balti- more. At all events, there is evidence that he was most actively engaged at home. On one occasion, when Captain Cresap, with a com- pany of surveyors not less than thirty in number, were surveying lands for Lord Baltimore, not far from the site of the town of Wrightsville of the present day, Colonel Chambers, in company with others, attacked them, and commanded them to “take up their compass and be gone,” and drove them away from their work. On another occasion, he was one of a party under the command of Samuel Smith, then High Sheriff of old Lancaster county, who set out for the purpose of the capture of Cresap. They surrounded the house where he was stopping, and, hiding in the bushes, watched him until the approach of CHAPTER I. American Popula- tion Co. American Land Co. “Wair Play ane Connecticut Titles. Conflict of titles. 1736, Chambers vs. Cresap. 1st Penn’a. Arch. Vol. 4, p. 535. 32 “CHAPTER I. 1st Penn’a. Arch. Vol. 1, p. 519. Note 3. A visit to the enemy’s country. WAYNESBORO. daylight made it necessary for them to beat a retreat, the fear being, as they expressed it, “lest he (Cresap) should shoot some of us before we could get hold of him.” Sometime after that, Colonel Chambers, learning from good authority (Mr. Wright and Mr. Samuel Blunston) that a movement was on foot to muster a number of Mary- land militia at, or near, the residence of one Colonel Rigs- be, for the purpose of goitig into the Codorus region to distrain for the Maryland levies which had been made upon the inhabitants of that region, went as a spy among them to bring back an account of the proceedings. Under the pretense of searching for a servant who had run away, he journeyed on horseback down the Susquehanna river on the east side, and, crossing at Rock Run Ferry, went to the muster place. Soon after his arrival he learned that Captain Cresap had been there that morning, but had gone down to Colonel Hall’s home to meet the governor of Maryland who was coming to the muster that day to give his orders against Pennsylvania. This was anything but pleasant news, in some respects, for Colonel Cham- bers. Knowing that Cresap was well acquainted with him, he summed up the situation, if Cresap should come with the governor, thus, “I knew my doom was to go to gaol for stopping his Lordship’s surveyors.” He, there- fore, determined to leave, if possible, before the arrival of Cresap and the governor, and, accordingly, after making some inquiry about his lost servant, he started to mount his horse to be gone, when Colonel Rigsbe, in the most insinuating manner possible, endeavored to detain him. He was obliged to submit to a searching cross-examina- tion as to his residence, which he openly declared to be at the Falling Spring, on the Conococheague, in Lancaster county; when he left home; how long it had taken him to come; where he had lodged on the way; whether he had a pass, and why he had not; and last, he was told, frankly, that he was suspected to be one of the spies which LAND TITLES. had been sent out by Pennsylvania. Colonel Chambers was equal to the emergency, and replied that he was very sorry they had such a bad opinion of him, that he had no land near the disputed land, and had come over after no such thing. Rigsbe would not be convinced, however, but said he would keep him (Chambers) there until the return of Cresap, who would know if there was anything against him, and, if there proved to be any thing wrong, he would be sent to Annapolis. While Colonel Chambers was thus detained, Colonel Rigsbe mustered his militia regiment. Meanwhile, the Pennsylvania visitor, with un- concerned manner, gave the closest attention to all that was spoken or done, and, in a short time, had gathered all the information he came after. The elements, and the natural wit of Colonel Chambers, finally helped him out of his dilemma. It started to rain very hard, and all hope of the governor's arrival that day was abandoned, and the prisoner proved to be so entertaining and persuasive in his conversation that Colonel Rigsbe finally dismissed him “as an honest man.” Prevailing upon one of the militia- men to act as his guide, the colonel set out at daybreak the next morning. His guide accompanied him for six miles, and put him on the course to Wright's Ferry, which point was reached that night. There the colonel gave an account of his adventure, and disclosed the important information he had gathered across the border; he was advised to go to Donegal, where a great company had gathered for the purpose of raising a house, and to inform them of the attempted in- vasion. This he did, and notice was sent to Lancaster; when the three hundred Marylanders came, headed by Colonels Hall and Rigsbe, they found what they took to be an “overmatch for them,” and beat a hasty retreat. As a reward for his conduct in this affair, Governor Thomas Penn entered a grant upon the records to Colonel Chambers of a commodious mill site and plantation on the (3) 33 CHAPTER I. A critical situa- tion. A safe return. Cumberland County. 34 Boundary dis- putes. Note 4. Beginning of the dispute. June 20, 1632. Terra hactenus inculta. WAYNESBORO. Cedar Spring in the manor of Lowther, with the implied promise that one of the Honorable family would make a country-seat in the neighborhood. The dispute between the Lords Baltimore and the Pro- prietary Government of Pennsylvania, under the Penns, concerning the northern boundary of Maryland and the southern boundary of the Province of Penn, was not only one of the most interesting and exciting episodes in the early history of the two provinces, but, with reference to Pennsylvania, was a potent factor in shaping some of the most important events of that formative period of her existence. This controversy, like many greater ones, was “engen- dered by the ignorance of kings.” In other words, this original trouble arose from the lack of knowledge on the part of the royal grantors of the geography of the coun- try wherein were contained the “plantations” granted by them. It was not the peacefully inclined “Quaker Proprietor,” as some assert, who, “by reason that he did desire a more extended water frontage for his goodly plantation,” first stirred up the dispute with Lord Baltimore. Almost fifty years before the royal pleasure was manifested in the grant to William Penn, Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, who held the royal patent for a portion of the Delaware peninsula, be- gan to sow the seeds of this contention. Upon two or three apparently insignificant Latin words in the original grant to Cecilius, depended long years of strife. Fifty years prior to the grant to Penn, a royal patent was granted to Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, by King Charles, for the unoccupied part of Virginia from the Potomac river northward for lands, ‘‘not then cultivated and planted,” extending from bounds then reasonably well ascertained on the south, “unto that part of Delaware bay on the north which lieth under the fortieth degree of north LAND TITLES. 35 latitude.” Had it not been for the limitation in the char- CHAPTER 1. ter of Lord Baltimore to “lands not then cultivated and planted” (terra hactenus inculta), Baltimore might, at that time, have claimed and, by right of occupancy, subse- quently held the lands up to the beginning of the forty- first degree of latitude. But, unfortunately for Balti- more, some three years before his English grant, the agents of one Samuel Godyn, had purchased from the na- tives a tract of land on the west side of the Delaware bay, extending from Cape Henlopen inland thirty-two miles and two miles in breadth. This purchase was subsequent- ly confirmed to Godyn by the States General of Holland. It was this circumstance which saved to Pennsylvania a large part of her southern territory, for, however kindly the English government may have felt toward Cecilius, it did not, at that time, care to enforce his claim at the cost of a war with the Netherlands. So it was that the at- tempted occupancy, by the Lords Baltimore, of the terri- tory up to the forty-first degree of north latitude was postponed until a new and more dangerous factor in the controversy appeared in the shape of the royal grant to William Penn. Charles Calvert, Lord Baltimore, son of Cecilius, was now the principal in the dispute on the part of Maryland. To Calvert’s claim up to the old limits, the “forty-frst degree,” Penn opposed his own charter to “the beginning of the fortieth degree” and the restricting clause in the Maryland charter, averring that settlements had been made by Europeans within the limits of the disputed ter- ritory five years before the date of the grant to Cecilius. It was a life and death struggle with the Quaker Proprie- tor. Should the claim of Baltimore prevail he would be deprived of twenty-four thousand, one hundred and six- teen square miles of his newly acquired territory. But worse, by far, than that, as Penn understood his charter, it included the lands upon the Chesapeake bay and the Godyn purchase. July 15, 1629. William Penn vs. Charles Cal- vert. 36 CHAPTER I. Agreement of 1732. 1735. English Court decrees. Specific per- formance. May 15, 1750. Dispute on the construction the decree. of WAYNESBORO. valuable ports thereon. The establishment of Baltimore's claim meant the loss of all these advantages to Penn. The various phases of this dispute in the earlier years are full of interest, but the scope of this work is too limited to admit of more than this reference to them. In course of time the Proprietary governments of the two provinces entered into an agreement by which nearly one-half of the Delaware peninsula north and west of Cape Henlopen was confirmed to Pennsylvania, and the south- ern boundary of the Province was determined to be on that parallel which is fifteen miles south of the most south- ern part of Philadelphia. But Baltimore still procrasti- nated when, under the agreement, it was attempted to run the line. Because of this delay, the Penns exhibited a bill in the English Court of Chancery against the de- linquent Calvert, praying for the specific performances of the agreement. After tedious delay, the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke decreed specific performance, and determined several questions which had arisen out of the agreement during the controversy. He decreed: 1. That the centre of the circle (the circumference of which, according to Penn’s grant, was to be the south- eastern boundary line between his province and the penin- sula) shall be fixed in the middle of the town of New Castle. 2. That the said circle ought to be a radius of twelve English miles. 3. That Cape Henlopen ought to be deemed at the place laid down in the maps annexed to the articles of seventeen hundred and thirty-two. Upon the construction of this decree, the disputants could not agree. Baltimore’s commissioners claimed that the miles ought to be measured superficially, while Penn's commissioners insisted that, considering the vari- ous irregularities of the ground, such radii could not ex- tend equally, consequently, from them, no true arc of a LAND TITLES. circle could be formed, but that this could be accomplished only by geometrical and astronomical mensuration. So the dispute continued, without any satisfactory de- termination. Prominent men were sent to England, from time to time, to represent the interests of their govern- ments. Among them, on behalf of Pennsylvania, as be- fore stated, was Benjamin Chambers, the founder of Chambersburg, who was a close friend of the Proprietary Government. As time went on, Charles, Lord Baltimore, died, and was succeeded by Frederick, Lord Baltimore. A supplementary bill was filed in the English Chancery Court by the Penns, pending which, Frederick joined in a new agreement, ratifying and explaining the old agree- ment. In conformity with this last agreement, the line was finally run by the celebrated English astronomers whose names it bears. To the perplexed Proprietors of the two Provinces with undetermined limits, there had come the fame of two in- genious mathematicians and astronomers of no little repu- tation, who had been sent by the English government to the Cape of Good Hope to take observations on the transit of Venus the year before. These two scientific men, by name Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, were wisely employed to settle this seemingly endless dispute. Pend- ing the arrival of Mason and Dixon, the Pennsylvania government commissioned her own statesman-mathe- matician, David Rittenhouse, to determine the initial por- tion of the boundary line, and, although his instruments were all of his own construction, the surveyors afterward adopted most of his measurements. Mason and Dixon arrived in Philadelphia in November, and commenced their work in December. The line was run on the parallel of latitude thirty-nine degrees, forty-three minutes, and twenty-six and three-tenths seconds, beginning at what was determined by the agreement to be the northeastern corner of Maryland, and running due west. The official CHAPTER I. Hon. George Chambers. Agreement of 1760. Mason and Dixon. 1763. The line run. 37 38 CHAPTER I. Surveyors dis- charged Dec. 26. 1767. Royal ratification, 1769, Territory affected. WAYNESBORO. surveyors continued their work to a point two hundred and forty-four miles from the Delaware, or within less than twenty-three miles of the whole distance to be run, when they were compelled by the Indians to stop the work. ‘They returned to Philadelphia, and were discharg- ed. The line, as laid out by Mason and Dixon, was dis- tinctly marked at intervals of five miles by monuments, having carved upon the northern side the arms of Penn, upon the southern side the arms of Lord Baltimore. These monuments are a species of white sandstone, and were prepared in and sent here from England. The interven- ing miles between the monu- ments are marked each by a smaller stone bearing a ‘‘P” upon one side and an “M” upon the other. The monu- ments are from six to eight inches in thickness, about twelve inches broad, and pro- ject from the ground between two and three feet. The arrangements and pro- ceedings relative to this line were, in due time ratified by the king, but the proclama- tions to quiet the settlers were not issued by the respective Proprietaries until five years later. If the Lords Baltimore had been permitted to secure what of the territory they demanded, the northeastern corner of Maryland would, to-day, lie in the neighborhood of West Chester; thence, extended westward, the line would have passed about two miles south of Lancaster, about the same distance, or more, north of York, five miles north of Chambersburg, and would have divided the State jurisdiction in the counties of Bedford and Somerset. BOUNDARY MONUMENT, Arms of Peun, LAND TITLES. 39 Upon the other hand, had the demands of the first Penn CHAPTER !- been acceded to, Maryland would have lost all north of Annapolis; two-thirds of her present territory, including Baltimore, Frederick, Hagerstown and Cumberland. The counties bordering on the line extended west of New Castle circle are Chester, Lancaster, York, Adams, aa = Franklin, Fulton, Bedford, Somerset, Fayette, and Green. From the original note-book of Mason and Dixon is gathered the following record of the operations along the line of Franklin county: The surveyors made steady progress in running the line along the territory now included in the counties of 4765, suty ana Lancaster, York, and Adams. They reached the south- ere east corner of what is now Franklin county and Washing- Eapietin, Saute ton township, and passed the mountain a little above the , point which is now called Blue jf Ridge Summit, at a locality dis- tinguished by them as “Mr. George Craft’s house,” a dis- tance of ninety-two miles and four chains west from the tan- gent of the New Castle circle. The following day they con- rd tinued the line, and, at ninety- : : : lll Ail Wag three miles, sixty-three chains, af Of rWze), crossed the first rivulet running he we fh into the Antietam, and, at nine- iii ‘Ml: ty-four miles, sixty-two chains, eee they crossed the second rivulet running into the same creek. This rivulet is at the foot of the South mountain at the east side. The next day they brought their sector to the west side of the moun- Sept. 5 tain, and the following day set it up at a distance of ninety- St ®& four miles, sixty-three chains, and proceeded to make 40 CHAPTER I. Sept. 7-17. Sept. Sept. 8. 18. Note 5. Sept. 19 to Oct. 7. Oct. 25. Oct. 28 to Nov. 7. Work resumed, 1766, April 1.. Fulton county. 1767, July 8 WAYNESBORO. extensive solar observations, on the plain east and on the plain west, in which ten days were consumed; one day being cloudy, so that no observations could be taken, the full day was consumed in computing the observations they had made in the preceding ten days. Both the observations and the computation of the observations are entered into the notes in full, in comprehensive tables which bear witness to the remarkable accuracy and detail which these noted mathematicians carried into the prose- cution of their work. To survey the remaining portion of the line along Franklin county to the North mountain, a distance of about twenty-five miles, required some twenty days. Eighteen days more were consumed in making another series of solar observations and computations, and, with the closing week of the month, the surveyors are found at Captain Shelby’s, at North mountain, packing their in- struments to be left in care of Captain Shelby, while they make a return trip along the line to the Susquehanna river, opening up vistas as they go. Further work upon the survey of the line was abandon- ed for the winter. When spring opened, the survey was resumed at the North mountain, and the line continued in the direction determined upon by the solar observations at the foot of the North mountain. At one hundred and nineteen miles and eighteen chains, the summit of the North mountain was reached, with Fort Frederick, in Maryland, nearly south, distant about eight miles, and Fort Loudon, under Parnell’s Knob, in Pennsylvania, distant about eleven miles, the line trending off along territory now in Fulton county. Beyond this point, the scope of the work now in hand, will not permit the history of its progress, interesting as it is, to be followed in detail. As during the last year, the work was abandoned in the LAND TITLES. winter and resumed again when the weather, and all things else, were convenient. A week after the resump- tion of their work, the surveyors were joined by fourteen Indians, deputized by the Chiefs of the Six Nations to ac- company the surveyors along the line to see to it that no entry for survey was made upon lands reserved. With them came Mr. Hugh Crawford, interpreter. The line was continued without remarkable incident until the Monongahela river was reached, at a distance of two hun- dred and twenty-two miles, twenty-four chains, and twelve links west of the starting point. Here twenty-six of the axemen and their assistants left the surveyors, refusing to cross the river through fear of the Shawanees and Dela- ware Indians, but, after considerable parley, fifteen of the axemen were persuaded to go along. When Dunkard creek, near the Ohio river, at two hundred and thirty-two and seventy-eight-hundredths miles was crossed, some trouble arose. The Chief of the Indians, who accom- panied the corps, positively declined to go a step farther, as that was the limit of the commission of the Chief of the Six Nations. In this determination the Indians persist- ed, and, after extending the line to a proper point for ob- servations on the adjacent ridge and marking the same, the work to the westward was suspended at two hundred and thirty-three and seventeen-hundredths miles, con- siderably short of the five degrees of longitude, the west- ern charter bounds of the Province, and the corps return- ed homeward. Mason and Dixon, arriving at Conococheague (now Greencastle), sent messengers to Annapolis and Philadel- phia, acquainting the Commissioners appointed by each Province that they would be in Philadelphia in ten days. The Commissioners met at Christiana Bridge, instead of Philadelphia, where the surveyors joined them and re- ceived instructions to draw up a plan of the boundary line between the province of Maryland and Virginia, and de- CHAPTER I. 4l Indians join the surveyors. Axemen strike. Indians halt. Oct. 9. Work abandoned. Commissioners report. Dee. 4. . 24. 42 CHAPTER I. 1768, Jan. 29. Note 6. 1782. Completion of the Virginia por- tion of the line. 1784. Details of the survey. WAYNESBORO. liver the same to Richard Peters. Having done this, they were honorably discharged from their services. alii ae 2g the Charter. SECTION, OFFICIAL SURVEY, MASON AND DIXON LINE. Some years after, Colonel Alex- MO ander McClean, of Pennsylvania, Ne 4 lth and Joseph Neville, of Virginia, hav- ing been duly commissioned by theirrespective states, surveyed and temporarily marked to its western terminus the remaining portion of the line. They were instructed to extend Mason and Dixon’s line twenty-three miles, which proved to be about one mile and a half too much for the distance marked in It was not until two years later that Mason and Dixon’s line was fully completed to its western end, and the whole line tested by astronomical observa- tions. The most important point was to fix definitely and accurately the western terminus of the line. For the accomplishment of this, some of the most noted scientific men of that day were employed. They interested themselves in the enterprise, to use their own lan- guage, “for the purpose of per- forming a problem never yet at- tempted in any country and to pre- vent the State of Pennsylvania from the chance of losing many thousand acres secured to it by the agreement with Baltimore.” The party, which consisted of eight persons, divided. Four went to Wilmington, Delaware, where an observa- LAND TITLES. tory had been erected. The remaining four repaired to the west end of the line, as temporarily agreed upon, and, on the Fish Creek hills, erected a rude observatory. At these stations, each party, during six long days and nights preceding the autumnal equinox, continued to make ob- servations of the eclipses of Jupiter’s moons, and other celestial phenomena, for the purpose of determining their respective meridians and latitude, and adjusting their time-pieces. This done, two of each party having come to- gether, they find their stations were apart twenty minutes and one and one-eighth seconds. The Wilmington station was one hundred and fourteen chains and thirteen links west of the Delaware. Knowing that twenty minutes of time were equal to five degrees of longitude, they make allowance for one hundred and fourteen chains and thir- teen links, and for the one and one-eighth seconds (equal, they say, to nineteen chains and ninety-six links), and upon this data they shorten back on the line to twenty minutes from the Delaware, and fix the southwest corner of the State by setting up a square, unlettered, white oak post, around which they rear a conical pyramid of stones, which is, or ought to be, there unto this day. There was no retracing of the line fromthe northwestcorner of Mary- land, nor was it measured from the end of Mason and Dixon’s line running from the cairn corner. All that was done was to connect these two points by opening vistas over the most remarkable heights, and planting posts on some of them at irregular distances marked with “P” and “V” on the sides, each letter facing the state of which it is the initial. The corner was guarded by two oak trees, with six notches in each, as watchers. One of the Commissioners on behalf of the State of Pennsylvania, appointed to do this work, was David Rit- tenhouse. ‘The telescope which he used on this remark- able occasion has a history which will prove a tale of in- CHAPTER I. Veach. 1784. Dunlap. Note 7. 43 AY = = = IN ww Ayunog 7807, 941 8D 07 passa foes 20u8 82 ‘pa.taa0r 72 f.1072-L.097 747 OF 1UIDII 49Y ° } an savb vruibarg usyn soursca fo 2no zuam yorym ‘fzunog viupboyog ! »KLNNOD LSOT,, I a ap jo dVW i Sy Se 2 %& a won oagy og | eee \ ! t ) | G yi \ (> a i \ TH | sigh) i } ‘| re i k WOALY ALUM OLE] Ap JU Burnes | I Hy BYD SPUMIS IMAL’ Y QV Psepsire iy FU) PIA 019 272) ey] Wid Hog Fo Tepuray LAND TITLES. terest with a striking moral to those who are inclined to read it. Here let it be remarked that Mason and Dixon’s line, thirty-nine degrees, forty-three minutes and twenty-six and three-tenths seconds, although, as a fact, it did mark the northern limit of slavery in the United States, with the exception of small portions of Delaware and Virginia, must not be confounded with the parallel of thirty-six de- grees and thirty minutes north latitude, which was assign- ed by the “Missouri Compromise” of eighteen hundred and twenty as the limit, to the north of which slavery could not be extended. Settlements within the limits of the territory known as Washington township, Franklin county, were made at an early day, and a general inquiry into the origin of all the land titles in the township, an inquiry too wide in scope and prolific in detail for this investigation, will develop the fact that sundry settlements therein were legalized by the Blunston licenses of seventeen hundred and thirty-four. The title to the land upon which Waynesboro stands can be traced from the Province and the Commonwealth, the original right to which was not derived from a Bluns- ton license, but from actual warrant and patent. Yoke a In pursuance of Proprietary warrants issued by John Lukens, Surveyor General, to John Wallace the elder, John Armstrong, Deputy Surveyor, returned into the Land Office, as having been surveyed for John Wallace, a tract of land in the return described as being “situate in Antrim township in Cumberland county, containing six hundred and thirty-three acres, one hundred and nineteen perches, and the usual allowance of six per cent for roads.” This was the original survey of the tract of land, a por- 45 CHAPTER I. The true limit of slavery. Individual grants. 1734 to 1737 Waynesboro. Wallace war- rants. Oct. 20, 1750. Aug. 23, 1751. 46 CHAPTER L Survey on war- rants. April 23, 17(3. March 31, 1793. Governor Mifflin. Patent Book, p. 33, p. 562. July 25, 1777. Jan. 9, 1779. Oct. 26, 1786. April 10, 1819. Wm. Clark, Sur- veyor General. Patent Book H-16, p. 581. Oct. 21, 1817. WAYNESBORO. tion of which was afterwards known as “Wallacetown,” and subsequently laid out in the town lots for Waynes- boro. The above described piece of land was returned to the Land Office for patent in three separate returns. The original John Wallace never took out any patents for any portion of it, but, after his death, and a division of his property according to his will, returns were made to the Land Office for patents, as follows: I. For the first patent, one hundred and ninety-nine acres and one hundred and forty-one perches were return- ed, and, “in consideration of the moneys paid by John Wallace unto the late Proprietors, at the granting of the warrants hereinafter mentioned, and of the sum of ninety- one pounds and ten shillings now paid by a certain other John Wallace,” a patent, bearing date the fourth day of April in the same year, issued for that amount of land. The patent recited the fact that the land had been taken up under warrant “by the elder John Wallace” who, by will, devised the said tract to his son, Robert Wallace, who, by deed, subsequently conveyed the same to George Wallace who, by deed, conveyed the said tract to the said last named, “the younger John Wallace.” called in the patent “Mount Vernon.” II. For the second patent, one hundred and fifteen acres and one hundred and forty perches were returned, and, in consideration of two hundred and twenty-two dol- lars and nineteen cents paid in addition to the original warrant fees, a patent, bearing date April fourteen in the same year, issued for that amount of land. The patent recites the fact that the land had been taken up under war- rant “by the elder John Wallace” who since died, having made his last will and testament wherein he devised the said part unto his son, Thomas Wallace, who since died intestate, whereupon the Orphan’s Court for the county aforesaid (Franklin), awarded the same unto the said John Wallace (eldest son of said Thomas). This tract was Barr or Jour Warnpon 199s ABI Ps. 9h Originally surveyed April 21.1763 in pursuance of two Warrants dated respectively October 20.£750 and fugu? 23.175L, Resurveyed av. 10.1796 Patented to John Wallace fapril 4 1796, Py, Sy Pay own CavaHgans Lane te, 9 3 Loo Parr or Tony WALLACE eh ae eye te Peer ar Jany Wrezace 34 Originally surveyed faprel 24 1763, in pursuance of © REAL ASOP SH AL & q Yue Warrants dited respectuely October 20 £750 and Sering g% . August 23,47EL Resurveyeh Mea y ° we 2 £816 for the Heirs of Thomas Vans s Wallace, decease. Patented ys Re John Wallace, ctdest son off oy % % Lhomus Wallace, deck. >Y = 5 Aprih 1B. £8L9 é ¥ ay y 2 %% af —_s Ser .% 9° cd 2 , y ¢ ? 3 A“ ; 8 Nore.- The port marked 2, 14 nok included tn ether of the Uree purports above represented 33s, fawte * duarnee af of ti 2 worrrernbe/dovke! show theowfrcquew’ af Fao mons s brake ine Washi onnby. Shee Lana’, fh “f ro £. fas Gian KE, by Sind Sip ldbitnia/sovlaviie Srenoll ia’ for fle Wall Sp PES ITE, ie oun ; a J De nbers y ese ee ath: LO A se ie lagied Ree ON Penny S3wd) barony M8) horer 1D fawe/herannbo/ rob Hac ba af fi $ Tan Jopantnant Bicone Saye aibacapl of Harrnebuna the/oartutle de i) af December 4B9T, Gap. 2 Pecan his ao is Deputy Stcrolary uf Internat Mffaire CONNECTED DRAFT OF WALLACE LANDS, 48 CHAPTER I. tater patentees. June 15, 184. Governor John F. Hartranft. Patent Book, H- 72, p. 762. 1818, Dee. 21. WAYNESBORO. The remaining and larger portion of the tract, that is to say, three hundred and twenty-two acres and one hundred and fifty-eight perches, remained unpatented for upwards of fifty years, and after the patent for the second portion was taken out in eighteen hundred and nineteen. Then a patent for this amount of land, “in consideration of the money paid by John Wallace at the granting of the war- rant, and the sum of five hundred and thirty-three dollars and forty cents in full of the arrearages and fees,” was is- sued to parties claiming under the elder John Wallace. They were Henry Good, Clara A. Strickler, Simon Mick- ley, J. H. Clayton, Nancy Fahnestock, William Hoeflich, Mrs. E. M. Floyd, David Patterson. Thus was confirm- ed, in individual holders, the remaining portion of the original Wallace grant. The founding of the town by John Wallace the younger, and its subsequent preliminary incorporation into a borough shortly before the patent of eighteen hundred and nineteen was issued, will be treated of fully in another portion of this work. GREAT SEAL, PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER IL. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. ORGANIZATION, DIVISION AND SUB- DIVISION. note of the exact date when the original counties of the Province were organized. Their names and general territorial limits are believed to have been deter- Organization ot Original Conn- ties. | | PON the official records of Pennsylvania there is no CHAPTER IIL. mined by the original Proprietor, in conjunction with the first and earlier purchasers, when he was the first time in the country. The boundaries, or division lines of the three Upper Counties seem to have been fixed according pill, 2685; el to his mind or direction, expressed to some of his friends 126. before he left the Province, and afterwards were con- firmed by the Provincial Council. One of the three original Upper Counties which appear as established in 1682, is Chester. It primarily included all the territory, except a small portion of the present counties of Philadelphia and Montgomery, to the extreme limits of the Province, and consequently it embraced within its ample bounds all the lands to the west and southwest of the Susquehanna river. Philadelphia and Bucks were the two remaining Upper Counties, originally organized, and in connection with the phitadelphia ana three Lower Counties, New Castle, Kent and Sussex (the remeron present State of Delaware), comprised the entire terri- torial grant to William Penn. Chester and Bucks, some- time called ‘-Buckingham,” by the Proprietor, were laid out with specified boundaries, Philadelphia being in the midst and as a consequence embracing all the territory between the two first named counties and that lying to the north, northwest and northeast to an indefinite extent. (4) Chester county. 50 CHAPTER II. A division of Chester County demanded. Reasons for the demand. A division de- termined upon, February 20, 1728-9. Note & WAYNESBORO. With the increasing population in the outlying portions of Chester County, the demand for a more compact civil organization became so imperative that the provincial authorities decided to erect a new county out of a portion of the territory included within the original county of Chester. This demand on the part of the inhabitants of the “upper parts” was reasonable, in view of the existing condition of affairs. They represented that they lay under great hard- ships because of being at so long a distance from the Town of Chester, where the Courts of Justice held their sittings, and the public offices were kept. They graphic- ally set forth the difficulties with which the “sober and quiet inhabitants” of that part of the country were beset, in securing themselves against “the thefts and abuses al- most daily committed upon them by idle and dissolute persons who resort to the remote parts of the Province, and by reason of the great distance from the Court or prison, do frequently find means of making their escape.” These representations induced the Assembly to take action in the premises, upon the address of the Governor, Patrick Gordon. The preliminary steps consisted of the appointment of a Commission of fit and well qualified per- sons to run the division line. It was determined that this commission should consist of six persons from the “up- per” and an equal number from the “lower” part of the county, who were to act in conjunction with the Surveyor of Chester county, in running the lines. Under instructions, the lines were to be run by the Commissioners, as follows: Beginning at the most northerly, or main branch of the Octorara Creek, on the lands of John Minshall; thence in a Northeastern direction to the next high ridge of “barren hills,” that lead from thence to the Schuylkill River; thence along the hills or mountains, by con- spicuous, natural and durable marks; the whole to be COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. bounded on the East, and toward the North, by Octorara Creek, and the line of marked trees running to the Schuylkill: on the South by the Southern boundary of the Province, and, to lic open on the Westward, till further orders be given herein. Thus leaving the territory of which Franklin county is now a part to solitude and the savages. The name of “Lancaster” for the new county is said to have been suggested by John Wright, one of the Commis- sioners, a man of most decided force of character, who came from Lancashire, England, and settled on the Sus- quehanna river, near Columbia. In due course of time the formal Act of Assembly, erecting Lancaster county, was passed, and although never in form sanctioned by the Crown, became a law by limitation in accordance with the terms of the proprietary charter. Assurances for land for county purposes were taken and a Court House and prison erected by the Com- missioners named in the Act. For twenty-one years longer the territory, which by the terms of the Act creating Lancaster county, was to lie open on the Westward, till further orders be given herein, con- tinued in that condition, when, by the Act of Assembly creating Cumberland county, the further orders herein, were given. Petitions in favor of the new county had been presented to the Assembly by William Magaw and James Silvers, numerously signed, as petitions to the Assembly, in those early times always were, by the energetic “indwellers” of the Valley, in their day called the “North” or “Kittoch- tinny,” in ours the Cumberland Valley. These petitions were couched in language identical with that contained in the prayer of the petitioners for Lancaster county. To read these early petitions for new counties, is to conclude that the chief concern in the creation of a new civil divi- 51 CHAPTER IL. Rupp. 1714. May 10, 1729. Commission: Caleb Pierce, John Wright, Thos. Edwards, Jas. Mitchell. Cumberland County created. January 27, 1750. First petitions. 52 CHAPTER II. Boundaries fixed. York Couuty created, 1749. Origin of name. Rupp. Robert McCoy, Benj. Charnbers, David Magaw, James McIntyre, John McCormack. February 9, 1751. WAYNESBORO. sion of this sort, was to secure the certain punishment of evil-doers, and that the convenience and deserts of law- abiding citizens, were of a secondary consideration. The territory to be included within this new county, was defined to be: “All and singular the lands lying within the Province of Penn’a., to the Westward of the Susquehannah, and Northward and Westward of the County of York * * bounded Northward and Westward, with the line of the Province, Eastward, partly with the Susquehannah, and partly with the County of York, and Southward, in part by the line dividing said Province from that of Maryland.” “Cumberland” was the name given to this the second of the offspring of Lancaster; a name, some say, bor- rowed from a mountainous county of England, bordering on Scotland, which derived its name from the Keltic, Kimbriland; the Kimbric or Keltic races once being in- habitants of the locality called Cumberland in England. Commissioners were appointed, as was the custom, to carry out the provisions of the Act. These met with their chief difficulty in connection with a dispute which arose with York county, concerning the boundary line. The Commissioners of the county east of the mountain were as tenacious of their rights as were the representatives of the Valley county to the Westward. York was deter- mined that the Yellow Breeches creek should form a part of the dividing line, whilst Cumberland was equally de- termined that the dividing line should commence oppo- site the mouth of the Swatara creek, and run along the ridge of the South Mountain. When the fact is noted that Col. Benjamin Chambers was a representative upon the one side, and a son of fearless old John Wright (John Wright, Jr.), upon the other, it is not to be wondered at that it required an Act of Assembly to finally adjust the difficulty. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. Cumberland county thus constituted remained intact until the necessities of the steadily thriving “dwellers on Conococheague,” the inhabitants of the Southwestern portion of the county, demanded a further division of ter- ritory. Numerous petitions were sent to the Assembly, reciting in old-time form, but in rather more decisive and graphic terms, the hardships the people were compelled to endure in traveling the long distance from their homes to the seat of Justice at Carlisle, and the trouble experi- enced in collecting their debts; these the chief considera- tions, and in the second place, the license given to “felons and misdoers,” through the difficulties in the way of con- veving them and their accusers to that seat of Justice. It can be readily gathered from the Legislative history of the formation of the county of Franklin, that it did not come into existence without there being created among the people quite an intensity of feeling. The efforts to protect and advance the interests of certain rival locali- ties; the partisan spirit awakened between the several candidates for office in the proposed new county and among their friends, and as well the leaven of conservat- ism which as a rule is averse to change in any existing condition of affairs, all operated to cause, as the final ac- tion of the General Assembly was delayed, for one reason or another, no small degree of excitement. The inhabitants of Lurgan and Hopewell townships, formed one faction who, while on general principles they were not opposed to the creation of the new county, were utterly and wholly averse to being a part of that county, if they were to be compelled to accept either Chambers- burg or Greencastle as the county seat. Their choice was Shippensburg, which lay within the circle of their local interests. "They desired this town to be included in the new county, otherwise they preferred to remain in allegi- ance to the old county with all the inconvenience of hav- ing the county seat so far distant as Carlisle. The people 53 CHAPTER IL. Another division prayed for. 1780 te 1784, Popular excite- ment in the matter, Lurgan Township people in oppo- sition. MM Iorrbl MO Wpanichetso Maney OMe f. Gerry learcal or fod , Lele Zz: Co git 5 CL, Kibles Mi Lb chhonttg Mitten 2 | Minty Aha TE ~egagay ee Filia Mahe it anon Hit og ee Gene 5 Aap agent Ly av Heng he Lote ay a othe ak ha le alee haa Wr YallAiit fo rae A yp Bed Se re ae low SUED oe Iructhlee from earie LE hg. laovenh- ach on A Ps haath: Bctig, fit Fe Lyfe. Lo ihe we efencthargnd Le nT ae Pa Cape o beat a ae oe oz P22 LED CG oo. ZZ ie LEM DIS faee Lede ahd, wr then Him n My fife (tl, ici sa 3 po tle eS Atedbber Glory 7A feinin Adin Hee th, ave dea Bar ef tin gy lor ae! ho oleh orbit, wt ruck. Mtstez, hapten, Me bmnenicncty A to tad bee ae: ae FACSIMILE OF FRANKLIN COUNTY PETITION AND PROMINENT SIGNATURES. 56 CHAPTER IL. Note 9. Views of the Chambersburg people. Note 10. WAYNESBORO. of Lurgan township were particularly active in opposing the new county with Chambersburg as the county seat, and expressed their views to the Legislature in no uncer- tain language. They made particular point of the fact that their township would be divided; their militia bat- talion and also their religious society would be “separated and thrown into different counties, and that social inter- course requisite in these respects greatly obstructed.” They also complained of the expense that would be en- tailed upon them in the erection of new public buildings. Another faction consisted of the inhabitants in and about Chambersburg whose chief consideration was to secure that town as the county seat, and to bring within the new county as much as possible of the territory of the old county. Notwithstanding the fact that Shippensburg would prove a powerful rival in the contest for the county seat, their petitions demanded that the territory of the new county should be sufficiently enlarged to take in Shippensburg and Hopewell township, “which will be a means of putting us on an equality with the old county and by no means prejudicial.” They also paid their re- spects to the Lurgan protestants and to another county faction (spoken of later), in these terms: “That we are Credibly informed of a number of Design- ing and Prejudicial Men preparing Petitions in order to be preferred to the Honorable House setting forth mat- ters of themselves absurd which will fully appear when presented. That your Petitioners would farther pray to take the fixing the Seat of Justice into your Serious Con- sideration and Nominate and affix the same in the most Suitable place and most conducive to the happiness of the Inhabitants. That any other plan or method will be at- tended with the utmost Confusion on account of Self-In- terested and designing Men who daily intermedle with such Matters, not thinking in the least for the Hapiness of the Community at large.” A third faction, comprising some of the “Self-interested COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. > Designing Men,” above referred to, were the inhabitants about Greencastle and the southeastern portion of the county, including the dwellers in Washington township. In their petition, which was addressed to “the Honour- able the Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania,” after calling attention to the fact that a bill was pending providing for the division of the county, and “nominating Chamberstown as the Seat of Justice’ for the new county, the petitioners “beg leave to observe,” “That as the division of the County is Calculated to sute the Convenience of its Inhabitants, the most Plausible method of Distributing Equal Justice, and giving General Satisfaction to the People would be to Leave the fixing of the County Town to a vote of the People; alowing two or more places for the Election to be held at. But least any of the Members of your Honourable Body should be Prejudiced in favour of the place already Nominated, we beg leave further to oberve that Greencastle, a Town laid out about Eighteen Months since, on the crossing of the Main Road leading from Fort Pitt to Baltimore, and the Carlisle Road leading Through Maryland & Virginia; is Equally as Centirable as Chambers Town. ‘There is al- ready Twenty Houses in Green Castle, and a Number more Building; it is much better Situated to draw the Trade of the Back Countrys from Maryland which at present goes Chiefly to Hagers Town, and is so Consider- able as to Enable more than Thirty Persons, Inhabitants of that Place, to carry on Business in the Commercial line; the command of this Trade would, we apprehend, be a considerable advantage, Not only to this County, but to the Commonwealth in General.’’ This petition in favor of Greencastle as a suitable place for the seat of Justice, was largely circulated in duplicate and numerously signed; the entire southern and south- eastern portions of the county being earnestly in accord as to the selection of this popular locality in the old “Conococheague Settlement,” as the county seat. The history of the rise and progress of the movement CHAPTER II. Views of the Greencastle people. Note 11. 57 58 CHAPTER II. First petition to the Assembly. Thursday, Nov. 23, 1780. Journal of Ass., 1780, p. 589. No action taken. March 2, 1782. Votes of Ass., 1782, p. 582. WAYNESBORO. in the General Assembly of the State to create a new county out of the southwestern portion of Cumberland county, is full of interest and will well repay a careful study, as there is therein much which indicates the drift in a general way, of popular feeling and reveals as well the bent of local political and personal affiliations and antag- onisms. The subject of county division was first agitated in the Assembly during the incumbency, as Representatives from Cumberland county, of Samuel Culbertson, John Andrews, John Allison, Stephen Duncan, William Brown, Jonathan Hoge and John Harris; the three first named being the Representatives from the section which it was proposed to erect into the new county. That which was done at this sitting of the Assembly amounted to but very little. The following minute is the extent of the record: “A petititon signed by one thousand three hundred and thirty-two inhabitants of the County of Cumberland, stat- ing the advantages which would result from a division of the said County, and their ability to support the expense thereof and praying that the same may be done, was read and ordered to lie on the table for consideration.” The time was inopportune for a movement of this char- acter. The lawmakers were engrossed in the considera- tion of war measures, so the question of dividing old Cumberland county continued ‘to lie on the table” dur- ing the sessions of this year and those of the succeeding one. Two years later the matter was again agitated and the movement received a decided impetus. From the records it is learned that: | “A petition from a number of the inhabitants of the western parts of Cumberland County was read praying for a division of the County, and referring to a former petition of the same import presented to the House of Assembly in 1780,was read and ordered to lie on the table.” COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. Subsequently this petition was taken up by the Assem- bly and read a second time, and was referred to Moses McClean, Mr. Agnew and Mr. McClay, as a committee, with instructions that they should bring in a bill agree- ably with the prayer of the petition. In due course of time the bill, as prepared by this Com- mittee, came up in the House the first time for considera- tion, and after debate was recommitted and the commit- tee instructed: “To bring in a clause ascertaining the intended boun- daries in such a manner that the Townships of Hopewell and Lurgan may not be included within the intended new county.” After being so amended and reported in due legislative course, the bill came before the House the second time, and on the question whether the same be transcribed and printed for public consideration, the yeas and nays were called by Mr. J. Montgomery and Mr. Duncan, Repre- sentatives from Cumberland county, both of whom were opposed to the bill. The yeas were thirty and the nays twenty-one. The Cumberland county delegation were di- vided on the question as follows: In favor of the meas- ure, James McLene and James Johnston; against it, Wil- liam Brown, John Montgomery and Stephen Duncan; absent or not voting, Robert Magaw and John Allison. Despite the unfavorable attitude of a majority of the Cumberland county delegation, the new county bill was thus advanced far enough at this session to be submitted, in printed form, to the portion of the public interested. The question of division was thoroughly canvassed be- fore the people, and that the opposing element was the stronger is evidenced by the delay on part of the Assem- bly in taking up the measure for final action. As time went on, however, the proposition grew in favor and at the second sitting of the Eighth General As- sembly, the large number of petitions urging immediate 59 CHAPTER IL. March 25. April 9. V. A. 628. April 12. Attitude of the Cumberland County delega- tion. Submitted to the people. Opposition. Before the Assem- bly again. 60 CHAPTER II. March 16, 1784. March 18. V. A. 191. A new county granted. Limits fixed. County Town located. March 25, 1784. March 29. V. A. p. 218. WAYNESBORO. action which were pending in the House and had been re- ferred to a committee for action, were reported back to the general body and read, whereupon the following reso- lution was presented and adopted: “Resolved, That a new County be granted and laid out, to begin on the York County line, on the South Moun- tain, thence by a square line to be run from the said begin- ning, to the North or Blue Ridge (Mountain), leaving Shippensburg to the east of said line thence from the sum- mit of the said North Mountain, by the ridge dividing the waters of Sherman’s Valley from the waters of the Path Valley, to the gap near the heads of the said Path Valley, joining Bedford County; thence by Bedford County line to the Maryland line; thence by said line to the line of York County; thence by said County line to the place of beginning: To be called .. .... County and that the said new County Town shall be established by law at the well known place called Chambers Town and not elsewhere.” The committee which was appointed to bring in a bill in accordance with the instructions specifically set forth in this resolution consisted of Mr. Jacob Rush, of Phila- delphia; Mr. Robert Coleman, of Lancaster, and Mr. Robert McPherson, of York. Owing to the pressure of other duties this committee did not finally agree upon a bill until some days later, which they reported to the House at the time when it was in a great state of agitation over another matter. A proposition had been made to re- move the seat of the State Government from Philadelphia to Lancaster. This proposition created no little excite- ment and very little routine business was transacted until it was voted down for the time being. Having been laid upon the table after its formal first reading in the House at the time of its introduction, the new county bill came up for second reading and consider- ation on the question whether it should be printed for public consideration. Its friends were now active, and COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. after a short and sharp debate a vote was reached and the bill was ordered transcribed and printed for this purpose. Nearly five months passed by without any further ac- tion on the part of the Assembly, except that which was incident to the receiving and filing of petitions and me- morials from the people on the subject. Dwellers in Shippensburg and Lurgan township now expressed their willingness, in petitions, to be included in the new county and many in Hopewell township also expressed their will- ingness to come within the new jurisdiction, while the Greencastle people still kept up the fight for the county seat. Formal action on the measure again began in the As- sembly after the people interested had been afforded a full opportunity of considering the printed proposition to di- vide the county. The measure was taken up at the stage at which it was left five months before. It was formally read a second time, and a day certain was fixed for its further consideration and the debate thereon, when it was debated in part and its further consideration postponed for five days. When it again engaged the attention of the House a determined effort was made to change the boun- daries or limits-of the new county proposed in the bill then pending. The chief purpose of this change seemed to be to leave out Lurgan township, and to some extent to change the relation of other territory. The proposed changes were voted down by the decisive vote of thirty- three to eighteen. The representatives from the eastern end of the county—the Cumberland end—were particu- larly active for the amendment. These were Brown (Carlisle), Watts and Whitehill. The passage of the bill through the remaining stages of legislation was uninterrupted and uneventful. In due time the bill was ordered to be engrossed for the purpose of being enacted into a law, and there came a day, near at hand, of general rejoicing among the Sponsors for Frank- 61 CHAPTER II. Petitioners still busy. August 13-21. The Assembly at work again. August 21, V. A. 292, August 25. August 30. A change in lim- its defeated. The Franklin county bill en- grossed and signed.- September S. 62 CHAPTER II. Note 12. The strife for lo- cal offices. WAYNESBORO. lin county, when ‘“‘the bill, together with the clause by way of rider to said bill having been brought in engrossed, was compared at the table, enacted into a law, and the speaker directed to sign the same.” The new county created, the appointment and selection of the county officers at once became a matter of absorb- ing interest to certain worthy and deserving individuals in the purlieu of the new jurisdiction, and a cause of no little embarrassment to the State officials, who under the existing methods had the appointive power. It would not be proper in these pages to attempt to give any detailed account of these controversies, but a brief reference to the contest for the Prothonotary’s office it is believed will not be without interest. There were two chief aspirants for this position, and they were both men of marked prominence in State and county affairs, and both soldiers who served with distinc- tion in the Revolutionary War. They were Lieutenant Spt F PLO MoH Ge ~ Levit and Paymaster Edward Crawford and Colonel James Chambers. When the movement to create the new coun- ty took shape, and two years before the division was actually accomplished, both these gentlemen had applied in writing to the President of the Supreme Executive COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. Council for the appointment to this office, the application of Chambers reaching the Council two months in advance of that of Crawford. Both of these papers are interesting historical documents, as they recite somewhat in detail the military services performed by the writers. Both of these applicants had influential friends. General Wash- ington had shown himself a friend to Colonel Chambers in many ways, and particularly in the letter which he wrote to the Pennsylvania Board of War asking for infor- mation as to the cause which had led to the omission of the name of Colonel Chambers from the reorganization roster. EO Eee ~ CA Lieut. Crawford, on the other hand, was particularly fortunate in having General Anthony Wayne espouse his cause in the application for the county office. Crawford lived in Philadelphia at the time, and belonged to that little coterie of army officers who basked in the sunlight of “Mad Anthony’s” presence, and securing all their in- fluence, was successful in being chosen for the office he had applied for. He proved a good officer, and his mas- ter hand is most manifest in the shaping up of the early records of the county. The territory lying west of the Susquehanna remained with indeterminate bounds, as the outlying portion of Lancaster county, for nearly six years after the formal organization of the county. Then by order of the court 63 CHAPTER IL. Chambers, June 24. Crawford, August 29. Note 13. Their influential friends. Note 14. Penn’a Arch. Ist Ser., Vol. X, p. 603. Crawford suc- cessful. Formation of townships. Bt Birtovdicwniy frum ALnl fg Gi oa oe the bas buenrerliad) ieAhe akpuocnitments babely mode by yor Hele, cnfrcffes agood/deal f uneafinefe on rccourb pit; and confecters A at avvem plied re fleckeor ore tes cord, 5 fherchis bam ited tedl fo far? cuptanctirn ofthdreafors for upechetee irs becremaghieted} ard wjhes Ahinese, what partecubar charge or wmnftctedion, Foes excled, cr feundeds. — Ay Scouldt gure hime na fate facto orth pratieonyfelh, Shave Hitight prreefied Vwirefer 1 tryed), ana Hfpoal aan/ ts fiw aneff pie = LH, FACSIMILE OF WASHINGTON LETTER. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. it was formally included within the limits of two town- ships; the division line running across the valley, so as to where the town of Newville d intersect the “Big Spring,’ is now located. That portion of the territory, eastward of the line, extending to the Susquehanna river, was given the name of ‘““Pennsborough Township,” and that to the westward and southwestward, to the line of the Province, the name of “Hopewell Township.” The townships thus constituted so remained until the increasing population made further division necessary. Hopewell township, which, before its division, comprised all the territory in the county of Franklin, except the mountain townships, Fannet, Metal and Warren, was now divided by a line, running from the North to the South Mountain, across the valley, the exact location of which it is not possible now to positively determine. There is good authority, however, for saying that this line was about identical with the present boundary line between the counties of Cumberland and Franklin. The new township, which comprised all the territory which had been formerly the portion of Hopewell town- ship lying within the present limits of Franklin county, was called “Antrim;” a name derived from the ancient county of the same name, in the Province of Ulster, in the North of Ireland, whence many of the settlers in the new Antrim had emigrated, bringing with them fond memories of the rugged hills sloping away to Lough Neagh, and the winding channel and bright wavelets of Brau, to find pleasant reminders of these in the mountains of the “North Valley,” and the flashing waters of Conoco- cheague. Antrim became a prolific mother of townships. Her first born was Lurgan. Then followed in order of time, Peters, Guilford, Hamilton, Fannet, Letterkenny. These townships were all in being prior to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. The township which this narrative (5) 65 CHAPTER IL. 1735. Pennsborough and Hopewell. Hopewell divided, 1741. McCauley. Antrim township created. Antrim a mother of townships. Washington Township comes into being 1779. 66 CHAPTER II. Area of Antrim. Area of Washing- ton and Quincy. WAYNESBORO. most particularly deals with, Washington township, fol- lows next in the order of time, and as its name might indicate, came into existence while the tide of affairs Revolutionary was at the flood. It was the eighth of the ten townships which were created under the jurisdiction of Lancaster county, and before the formation of Franklin. Within its original ample limits, Antrim township con- tained nearly two hundred and fourteen thousand acres. Washington township, originally, before a portion was cut off to create Quincy township, measured up to twen- ty-six thousand, four hundred and eighty-three acres. CHAPTER IIL. EARLY SETTLERS. NATIONALITY AND CHARACTERISTICS. IMPELLING CAUSES OF SETTLEMENT. T has been said, and truthfully said, that to no particular nationality alone of those represented among the earlier settlers of Pennsylvania, can be given the credit for the proper implanting of the settlements in the Cumberland Valley, and the glorious outgrowth thereof. The truth of this proposition, which applies not only to the Cumberland Valley, but to every other portion of the great State of Pennsylvania, must not be lost sight of in presenting the unbiased history of the State. There is, perhaps, no other section of the Cumberland Valley in which the two predominating nationalities, who participated in the settlement, were more equally divided than in the eastern end of Franklin county in the territory out of which was formed the township of Washington. At an early day the Scotch-Irish pioneers were in the vicinage, but following fast upon their heels came their German brothers. When Johnston and Roddy took up land and settled down to make a home, Crunkleton and Snively, in neighborly proximity, followed their example. If the Scotch-Irish found a journey along the valley from the Susquehanna west of the mountain, albeit a dangerous yet a profitable one, the Germans also discovered that a journey across the mountain, although equally dangerous, was equally profitable. Step by step, in steady increase, the settlements grew, as the vesting of land titles in in- dividuals became more frequent. In less than a quarter of a century, the principal part of the most desirable land CHAPTER III. Credit for settle- ment due to no particular race. Nationality and characteristics of settlers. 1784-1785, 1734 to 1765. Note 15. 68 CHAPTER III. Rupp. 1786. Early rates and levies, and origi- nal land values. Early taxables, Note 16. Note 17. An __ irrepressible conflict. WAYNESBORO. was vested in owners by proper assurances in law, and the land records of the Province were soon tveming with many palatinate German and Scotch-Irish names. According to the best authority now extant, Antrim township, which embraced the territory afterward named Washington township, contained, all told, at the time of the formation of Cumberland county, one hundred and thirty-three taxables. The three decades which followed were marked by a rapid increase in the population, so that shortly after the formation of Franklin county the total taxables in the original territory of Antrim township amounted to five hundred and eighty-six, and in Wash- ington township alone the enumeration reached two hun- dred and sixty-three. In connection with the first levy of taxes in Washing- ton township, under the jurisdiction of the new county of Franklin, it is interesting to note that the value of land was fixed at about ten dollars per acre; that there were returned four hundred horses, five hundred and thirty- three cows, and, enumerated among the animals, three slaves. There were also seven gristmills, seven sawmills, one oil mill, eight stills, and two tanyards. The total tax derived from the township levy amounted to about six hundred and sixty dollars. From a historical and genealogical standpoint, too much importance cannot attach to well digested records of original land owners and early taxables, collated after the formation of the county of Franklin. Students of lo- cal history and genealogy count the time well spent which is devoted to the critical examination and analysis of mat- ters of this character. The first assessment lists of Wash- ington township are particularly suggestive. In tracing the history of American civilization, from its birth in the old world to its sublime apotheosis in the new, the investigation of necessity becomes deeply involved in EARLY SETTLERS. the lurid narrative of the tragedies and the lighter story of the intrigues which were incidents of the irrepressible, three-sided conflict between power ecclesiastical, aiming at perpetuity, with power temporal, struggling to main- tain life and a policy of expansion, upon the one hand, and the conscience of man, slowly awakening to an enlight- ened knowledge of its God-given right to control action, upon the other. The narrative is one of absorbing interest. The field of action embraced all Europe in its scope. The forces of Intolerance were bivouaced in France and Germany, in England and Scotland, and in Ireland. What of France? The world had stood aghast in con- templation of the fearful crime of St. Bartholomew’s eve. Then word of hope was whispered again through the pent up valleys, shadowed by “the long waving line of the blue Pyrenees,” when the Bourbon of Navarre approached, by slow advances, the throne. ; a But for a brief space only the merciless hand of perse- cution seemed to be stayed. The edicts of Poictiers and Nantes, although accomplished facts, proved but promises to the ear, to be broken to the hope. Ivry indeed followed Moncontour, but was only a last errant ray of light from the rapidly closing storm clouds. The white plume of Navarre, no longer the “oriflamme”’ of persecuted Protest- antism, but the disgraceful symbol of an abjured faith, “went down in dust and blood” before the assassin's dag- ger. Darker and more threatening grew the storm clouds of persecution, while anon the death-dealing bolts fell thickly, after the second Bourbon, weak son of a fore- sworn father, dead, and a wicked mother, living, came to the throne; a mother and queen regent with unbridled ambition, the while advising and controlling a weakling, 69 CHAPTER III. A world-wide field. August 24, 1572. Henry IV., 1752. 1577. 1595. May 14, 1610. Louis XIII. 1610-43. Marie de Medici. 70 CHAPTER III. Cardinal Richelieu. Louis XIV. 1643-1715. Cardinal Mazarine Oct. 22, 1685. In England. Elizabeth, 1859-1603, Woful Allies. WAYNESBORO. and afterwards chastising a rebellious son, whilst a prime minister, a man of strong intellect and daring purpose, schemed for and finally attained a vantage ground of power, whence he, “for eighteen years, controlled the des- tinies, not only of France, but of Europe.” The reign of the third Bourbon, the Dieu-donne (God- given), better known as “The Great,” was a fitting sequel to that of the last. Again was presented the spectacle of a masterful ecclesiastic, the power behind the throne, shaping the political ends of the most powerful nations of the earth. During this reign, the policy of oppression and suppression culminated, and the repeal of the edict of Nantes gave the coup-de-grace to Protestant defenses and transferred to a new field altogether—the Palatinates of Germany—the king’s operations in the line of his ambi- tious achievements, where the life of Protestant France had already gone to seek, at least, a temporary asylum. Turning from the contemplation of the revolting nar- rative of the crimes of selfish ambition, and the carnage and desolation which followed in France in those days, to England, where the doctrine of the “divine right of kings” was being maintained from another but an equally selfish standpoint, is but to find there also liberty of conscience in bonds and languishing. The remarkable reign of the second queen regent, and the last of the Tudor line, advanced, it may be, on certain lines, the cause of Protestantism, and enriched the world in literature and art, but over all was the trail of the ser- pent of Intolerance. Elizabeth and Mary were central figures in the world’s history, but who can count the cost to humanity and civilization of that long continued con- flict between them, in which unholy ambition, jealousy and hatred were allies on both sides, with foul murder at length enlisted on the one side to close the issue between them, and awaken the Catholic world to action, and to EARLY SETTLERS. add fury to Protestant persecution on the.Continent. In England, Scotland and Ireland, conformity to the reli- gious forms established by Elizabeth was made the test of loyalty to the young sovereign. Religious persecutions now became common. Many non-conformists were put to death; many more were imprisoned. Determined men of uncompromising conscience have made up their minds that if a change does not come, and that speedily, home and country must be sacrificed. Then came the last day of the “Elizabethan Age.” Death, the invincible conspirator, closed forever, with his heavy hand, the eyes of the queen, and the son of Mary Stuart, in waiting across the Scottish border, became England’s king. It was not without foundation, based rather more in the promises made by the new king than in confidence as to his strength of character, that great hopes were enter- tained of King James by the Protestants. Had he not called the church of Scotland “the sincerest kirk of the world,” and had he not severely criticised the service of the English church as ‘“‘an evil said mass?” But there was born in him a spirit which the troublous times which he knew only fostered the more. Vain and weak, he was just the oneto be deeply impressed by the teachings of the doc- trine that what the king did was done by the direct hand of God, and that he could do no wrong. Add to this the power of an ambitious longing for greater adulation and greater glory, and we have a character little fitted to cope with the stupendous problem with which the greater minds of mankind were, at the period, busy. Protestant- ism owes much, it is true, to King James of England, but the promises of his early reign were never fulfilled. He sowed seeds of civilization in Scotland and Ireland, and made it possible for the descendants of the Ulster man to have a name and place to-day in the history of the great struggle for liberty of conscience and freedom of thought. 71 CHAPTER III. March 24, 1603. James I. Protestant hope in King James. A hope not fully realized. 72 CHAPTER III. Progress of civilization. Ebb and flow of the tide. America a haven. Anglican idea of liberty. Lieber. WAYNESBORO. It is impossible here to trace, step by step, the history of the progress of this great movement which finally led to the exodus of men of conscience from their homes in the Old World to seek a refuge in the new, and there to scat- ter the seeds of freedom. The ebb and flow of the tide carried these men of con- science from their homes in England, in Ireland and in Scotland, many of them to the Continent of Europe, there to meet a stronger current of humanity fleeing from the dangers which beset their German homes; seeking safety where safety should have been, in England and Scotland. So the current from England swept back again, and swept on across the broad Atlantic to the fertile shores of the new land which promised for the future a life of safety. To analyze and to tell particularly in the case of each of these people, what was the strongest force which im- pelled them to emigration, is impossible. But whether religious persecution, tyranny of home government, pov- erty or sickness was the cause, it is certain that all eyes turned toward the new world of America as a haven of rest. The movement to the New World was a general move- ment, and partook almost of the nature of a revolution. That there was underlying it some principle and some great idea, cannot be doubted, and the careful student of all the facts must come to the conclusion that that idea was the great Anglican idea of liberty. It has been too much the practice to look only at the superficial cause of this great movement, and to leave un- sought the prime cause underlying. This Anglican idea of civil liberty has been defined to be “a guaranteed protection against interference with the interests and rights held dear and important by large classes of civilized men, together with an effective share in the making and administration of the laws which secure EARLY SETTLERS. x that protection.” ‘This was the underlying principle of the American Revolution, as well as the motive power which impelled the immigration which made the American Revolution a possibility. The scope of this narrative will not admit of entering into the further detail of the history of the people which settled America. But it remains to speak of the particular relation of the two peoples who settled the Cumberland Valley, and to inquire into the different character of their advancement there. This was due, first, to the peculiar character and methods of the Proprietary government of Pennsylvania, and second, to the temperament, language and personal peculiarities of the two peoples. The Scotch-Irish, who, as is well understood, were the people from the North of Ireland, were natural soldiers, but they were inferior husbandmen. They spoke the English language, having that advantage, at least, over their neighbors, in their education. They were apt letter writers, and, as a consequence, were in frequent corre- spondence with the officers of government, and early be- came office-holders and agents of the government. The Germans were not natural soldiers. They were tillers of the soil; adepts at all trades that catered to the wants of man, or utilized the products of the soil. They were men of culture, too, but they spoke and understood a different language from that of the new government. They were without experience in clerical and govern- mental business, and, as has been indicated, were unskilled in fighting, and many of them were adherents to non-re- sistant principles. This was the situation. But, in the nature of things, these two peoples, tenants in common of the territory, surrounded by like dangers, and each day bound more closely by the bonds of common interest, and, later, by the stronger bonds of esteem and respect which, as time went on, resulted in frequent inter- 73 CHAPTER III. The peoples of the Cumberland Valley. Characteristics of the Scotch-Irish. Characteristics of the Germans. Amalgamated Scotch-Irish and German stock. 74 CHAPTER III. Unjust criticism. WAYNESBORO. marriage, could not fail to become united in all that goes to make up a homogeneous society. So it was; and to- day there is no stock of citizenship, within or without any State of the Union, that is sturdier and more reliable, with more notable representatives in State and Nation, than the amalgamated Scotch-Irish and German stock of the Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania, and, as has been be- fore stated, in no section of the Cumberland Valley has there been a more equal amalgamation of the two races than in the southeastern part of the present Franklin county, Waynesboro and vicinage. It cannot be too much regretted that there are those who don the garb of the historian and, unworthily pro- mulgating their own superficial thought, as historical fact, unjustly and severely criticise these good people. There are historical truths lying under the shadows of error, born of superficial examination, which, when the search- light of exhaustive, unbiased investigation is turned upon them, stand forth in their strength to challenge error and,. in some instances it may be, to wholly change the precon- ceived order of things. The more closely the student of local history applies his thought to this subject, the more deeply impressed must he become. CHAPTER IV. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. WAYNESBORO AS A SETTLEMENT, VILLAGE AND INCORPORATED BOROUGH. HE bravery, indomitable perseverance and self-sacri- ficing spirit of the pioneers of civilization, who planted the first settlements and towns in the re- mote parts of Pennsylvania in the heart of the cherished domain of a savage people, where danger and death lurked, not only in mountain and forest, but stalked in the open valley at noon-day, are themes which always chal- lenge the particular notice of a grateful posterity, and de- mand some passing attention at the hands of the his- torian. Energetic representatives of the Anglo-Saxon race, who, in the earliest days of settlement, penetrated into the heart of Kittochtinny Valley and, step by step, secured and maintained a foothold there, are entitled to the credit of being, in a large sense, the pioneers of American civili- zation. The impress which they left upon the Cumber- land Valley of Pennsylvania is manifest to-day; the story of what they accomplished for the nation at large remains to be written. The territory stretching from the North to the South Mountains, and lying contiguous to the southern line of the Province, possessing the natural advantages of being well watered and fertile, and withal situated approximate to the settlements in Maryland, attracted thither at a very early, perhaps the earliest, day of valley settlement, a lit- tle coterie of brave and determined men, who came to stay; at peace, if might be, at war, if necessary, with their CHAPTER IV. A pleasing theme. Pioneers of civilization. 1734, 76 CHAPTER IV. Joseph Crunkleton, Jacob Snively, James Johnston, James Roddy. 1745 to 1765. Inter-communion. A natural mar- ket. 1761. A road demanded. On to Baltimore Town. WAYNESBORO. ' Indian neighbors. It was not long until ‘“Conococheague Settlement,’ which was the nucleus around which new- comers located their land, became a point of importance as an outpost of the Province, and a settlement of promi- nence in Cumberland (afterwards Franklin) county. An impetus was thus given to settlement in the Cono- cocheague region in the taking up of numerous tracts of land in the neighborhood, and, particularly during a given period, in the southeastern portion of the county in the section of Antrim township, out of which Washington township was organized. With the assured hope of permanent settlement, here as elsewhere, attention was soon directed to that subject upon which, to a large degree, the success of any settle- ment depends, and which man’s interests, as a civilized and gregarious being, in a great degree demand, namely, a means of easier communication with his fellow-men for social intercourse and defense, a method for the inter- change of the products of the soil and, as well, a way for their transportation to an adequate market. From its geographical situation, Baltimore Town, par- ticularly in the first days, was looked upon as the natural market or business centre for the territory lying contig- uous to Maryland and between the North and South mountains. At an early period a commercial ambition was awakened among the inhabitants, particularly in the southwestern part of the then county of Cumberland, now known as Peters township in the county of Franklin. An outlet in the shape of a passable road, which might result in an advantage to them in many ways, was demanded. As the outcome of the action of these people in peti- tioning the court of quarter sessions of Cumberland - county—in the jurisdiction where the territory then lay— THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. for the appointment of viewers to determine the direction of a public way which, in connection with branch “bridle paths,” would furnish them with the means of compara- tively easy egress with their products to the town of Bal- timore, the road from the borders of Peters township, thence by “Conococheague Settlement,” now Green- castle, by lands warranted by John Wallace (the elder), now Waynesboro, through ‘“Nicholasses Gap,” in the South Mountain, and thence to Baltimore Town, was pro- jected with all the formality which attaches to a like pro- ceeding in the court at the present day. It was the laying out of this road which, in a large part, gave value to the Wallace lands as a desirable locality for a considerable and permanent settlement, the nucleus of which, the outgrowth of the true pioneer spirit of the elder Wallace, was already there. In the settlement which had by degrees grown up near the base of the South Mountain, not far from where the Antietam Creek lent fertility to the soil, the elder John Wallace was.an important factor, and, as in those days the name of the most prominent land owner of the locality was by common consent attached to the settlement, it is not surprising to find the settlement around the Wallace warranted land bearing the name of “John Wallace’s Town” or “Wallacetown”’ until the close of the Revolu- tionary War, when it was given, in manner as will later appear, the name of “Waynesburg.” For nearly twenty years before the laying out of the road toward Baltimore Town, John Wallace, the elder, held the title as warrantee of the considerable tract of land upon which Waynesboro stands, and other lands ad- jacent; the particular part upon which the town is now situated being known as “Mount Vernon.” While the war for independence was still in progress, 77 CHAPTER IV. Viewers: John Allison, Joseph Bradner, Wm. Holliday, James Jack, John McClellan, Jr., Henry Pawlin. Land values cn- hanecd. Wallacetown. 1749 to 1751. The title of John Wallace, the elder. 78 ‘CHAPTER IY. July 1, 1777. He dies testate. ‘Note 18. Robert and George Wallace, their title. Jan. 9, 1779. Feb. 26, 1783. Dec. 29, 1797. March 6, 1798. April 4, 1798. Note 19. Proposals. WAYNESBORO. and John Wallace, the younger, was out fighting the bat- tles of his country under the direct command of “Mad Anthony” Wayne, John Wallace, the elder, died, having first made his last will and testament, in which he devised to his son, Robert Wallace, the particular tract of land with which this narrative hath chiefly to do. Robert, how- ever, kept title to the property only for a brief time, and then conveyed it to George Wallace, who kept title to it until shortly after the return of John Wallace, the younger, when he conveyed it to John, who proceeded to take steps to develop his future plan for laying out a town. It is a fact that these conveyances from John Wallace, the elder, were all made simply upon the warrantee title, no patent as yet having been taken out from the Com- monwealth for the Jand. And it is also a fact that John Wallace, the younger, proceeded to lay out his town plot without a patentee’s title for the same. The proposals were drawn up and formally signed nearly three months, and entered of public record nearly two months before the patent was issued. The proposals were specific in terms. The part of the proprietor’s land laid out was described as being “along the country road leading from Greencastle to Baltimore threw John Wallace’s town called Waynesburg.” ‘The price of the lots was fixed at “five pounds specie per lot on the main street, and six pounds five shillings specie per lot on the crossroads.” As a ground rent, ‘‘one dollar of the United States, or the value thereof in specie, per lot yearly and every year forever” was reserved, “payable to the said John Wallace, his heirs and assigns forever for the said lots.” This ground rent was not to begin to accrue until the proprie- tor had secured from the Commonwealth a patentee’s title for the land, and bound himself in the sum of one q > Sant [ ‘eawe acave Dus'vziey 7aWvs | , + Par [PLaWMod OIWHr a + WINOLS Geove| + € 4 us'sw7en oor! 2 qr yo.7WM Hiner E By i . 2 oe = vaouieren cour’) x | Qa uzimea sowyry i k& wawoas nHor S| | ohawose T7¥H 20) x S 3 0 siesta] a |. + sls i = = 2 a 5 = 8 g Whine AvHIN Z| MY 2 2 2 . RE) Sle 2 a 5 N us = My tts S/S] 518 e,; Ss ]4/3 eis]; ] s oTELS ala] a] 5 ape a ' re r 8 r r r zg ® | [yrtwawese onye uae. 5 5 2 # siyls siei/s{slisie]il? slelcfdil fsléls = a a 2 a = = 3 a AVS] 3] 2 | pavers were ea a =/2}3 n nm nN s a = = 3 = = « : = 2);2)2]3 2 | 2 elie ale" x | = : fa of PHITIIN WILTA a weaved . aq} ead ead {tog | bs] es] ds qs| ss| +s] es} |" 3] ” ab} be} og | Le} [aetsotes OvYOY NMOLSYIDYH vow DYNGSYIEWwyHD by] Bh] be [8 || bg ULE] [PLE] EY O | fpceeccrcee| Lovee wncen [UTE] G [Oe] fh > > : 32 r>| 2x $ sts =| § ai = gs] 4 =| § ri a3 SS] E | & || cccon srevens vs 7 uace nome |] ey? 5 338 s|3 ze] aS) [2 5 efsye] gs $ fay ale Stz]3z]2 i STE] ele = Zak 3 5 ny a a = vACom STEVENS. | & | veKW wiesen g z = = e goa 2 3 3 Py zz] 3 § = v S ai a] 4 z12)/e]s s z{z/21s 3 ‘as a x 3 a gie¢ 4 = x x S = = = 2 s * = JOHN WILSON +) Xr RAWAM STONER mS S y s = 5 Sjece & *+ sown auans ca! & | Samienses concent G canisrian cacy 7 | 7 ADAM LENKART. aces WoLF A SQ AOKM LENHART MICHAEL CORKERYOS rg HANS GORDOW s Sw near. bad = AT BUCKANARO 2 3 Ss S$ 5s 8} JAMES MORAHEHO Q vames wongnene = 3 ™ e = RS HAKS GORDON, = HANS ConDEN = RE a nans conven | & |S news conven = ORIGINAL PLOT ‘ eT sis neem: = 5 = -ar- : - g “WAYNESBURE” pavio sncee &| ™_ | & rarnuen sooner £ i = 4 FAANKLIN. oo. pavio suene. & Re Micviam sinen = ‘i = = Penna =| >= Te = mewnr rene S| | sonm rerer, 2 t a x TIC = = 7 HENRY roae & sown rerca ms ] EMRY mIceLY. a| eS weway wiecer. | ORIGINAL TOWN PLOT OF WAYNESBORO. 80 CHAPTER IV. Note 20. The first deed. Dec. 28, 1797. Jan. 16, 1798, Rupp. 1799. 1797 to 1811. WAYNESBORO. thousand pounds specie to each lot purchaser to faithfully comply with all the covenants of his grant. As appears from the draft which accompanied the pro- prietor’s proposals, ninety lots were placed upon the market. The first deed from John Wallace entered of record for any of these lots was to Henry Smith, shoemaker. It gave him title to two little lots on the soutli side of Main street, the one a front lot, designated in the draft as num- ber forty-nine (drawn out first to the number twenty- nine). The other was a back lot adjoining number forty- nine, the two containing half an acre and five perches. The price paid for the two was ten pounds specie. Michael Corkery (or Coskery), merchant, is the next. grantee of record. He was aman of no mean importance, and was the most considerable purchaser of lots. His deed passed him title to ten lots, namely, numbers one, eight, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, fifty-five, fifty-six, fifty- seven, fifty-eight, fifty-nine and sixty. These lots were among the choice lots of the town, and the best authori- ties seem to fix upon lot number one, owned by Corkery, on the southeast corner of the square, as the site of the first house built in the town. With the next year followed a continued line of con- veyances, passing title from John Wallace to sundry lot holders, until the record was completed in legal form for a large number of lots in the original plot. During the next decade and nearly a half, the infant town of Waynesburg grew apace. ‘The name originally given it by its patriotic proprietor in honor of his old com- mander was jealously maintained by him, although an- other Waynesburg (now Bloody Run, or Everett), just across the line in Bedford county, persistently contested the honor with its neighbor to the eastward. Chagerstorn, printed y Jobe Gove] Chis dndenfure ce. on the year of our Lord one Hossand sean hundred and ninety —Between John Wallace, of Waahingtomboionttip, in the county of FravkLn and state of Pomaylvania, of tke One Part, and Bes of Wi tame plan — of the Other Part. Bherras the oaid John Waltice hath lard out a Joon called Waynesbarg, inthe trship,eauaty and atate aforcaasd, dg a certain tract arcpuece of land called Hoount Vernon, containing ons huridred and ninctycqne ceres and one hundred and forty-one perches ong alorwanm of AF werdeper ent. for roads, Ge. which the commontocalth of Pennsylvania by potent bearing date ai Philadelphia the fourth day of Aprit last p past, gramted and confirmed unto the ead John Wallace, to told to himself, his heirs and ofugetyor ever, a0.in aad by ead potent enrolled in the RaltsOffice for the state of Pransylrania tn Patent-book Ney 33, page 562, moy wore pts ond at Large aps peor. Row this Indenture witnelseth, etae che caid John Wallate far and in consideration of Me: hem of che ponds Lo») ) fore ah Berga Brofel money of Penniylvanio, to hum the said John Wrllacs well and trnly in hand poid by the cad Ser, sg ae ae receipt whereh ote acknowledged, Sath granted, fargasned and sold, and by these aresents Doth grant, Eargénn and: sell unto the aut Gio hey = = = Al that certain Lot & Pree of Gravnd, drvtenguished and known in the general plan of eaud town, which plan is ricoMted ab 1 Ghambetibury, én the office for reearding of decd for and sn the county of Franklen aforeszid, en book D, page 26 5,.No. JE Sse op y bat age on et Goofs ——_ treat, bounded and disorsbl as follps ta wit : Beginning at a pois! he Gap Sted, Sitti d Cres GIP lies stay mK bn Aa ih al gra fast bi thy ag POLI ERG eo oilhes ton tock, (Atle, Saas Ea Le Ly wot Me theme MOTE, y fou Bae ig concaiding os Feit) $$ spar perches Dabdee ab to! bold A aed singular te sd enn ghruilletind yeti the improvements aud appurtenancee whatsoever thereunto belo belonging ar imany wise appertacnng, unto the oad in Hef's his heirs dnd afsigns for sve?» Subject ta the yearly Ground-rent of one Oparish milled dollar, to b: paid to the said John Wallace, or to ihe deirs, afsigna or euccepiors, yearly and every year on or before the ferstehay of May iv every year for ever; And the said John Wallace, for birnself and hes beta, executors, adminstrofore and every of them, and against alLand every cther person or pereons ty clasmeng | the some, ohalland will warrong and far ever defend by these presents In Witnefs whercol, the sad Zohn Wallgce hath hereunto set hie and and scot, the day and year first abowo written, 7 SEALED U DELIVERED kL BA yo te gepfinu of Re aie abote Tedentare, the fam of 2 ony pron dedo) fore a ———_ av le rte fo PS ee C, Danih Mager ene fb bills Pronhhn County. 1 ate ERSONALLY appeared before me the fubferiber. one of the Judicew&e for Sor $ and in fad county, John Wallace, and acknowledged the above Tédenthre 10 be bis Tyee? AM and Deed, and detsed tha the fame might be recorded a+ (uch, Ie Worsus whercol, | bave bareunto fer soy baod ang feal, the day aod veay Grill above writen Qn PROPRIETOR’S DEED FOR ‘OWN LOT. (6) 82 CHAPTER IV. Death of John Wallace, Jr., May, 1811. His heirs. Value of his es- tate. March 12, 1317. Note 21. The proposed in- corporation of Waynesburg. 1818 to 1831. WAYNESBORO. After a full quarter century of active work in the pro- mulgation of his plan of town settlement, and with the plan well under way, the proprietor, John Wallace, at an apparently unexpected time, now died. The land of which the proprietor died seized consisted of about eighty-three acres outlying and one lot in the town as laid out adjoining Hans Gordon. John Wallace left to survive him neither wife nor chil- dren. His heirs were his brother, George \WVallace, and six children of his sister Rebecca, who had been twice mar- ried, first to John Irvin, and second to John Hogg. These children were John Irvin, Rachel Hogg, who married Jo- siah Sterritt; Nancy Hogg, John Hogg, Sarah Hogg and William Hogg, the two last mentioned being minors at the time of the death of John Wallace. The land left by the proprietor was valued as follows: The outlying tract at three thousand eight hundred and five dollars and forty-three cents, and the lot in town, bounded in front (on the south), by Main street, west by lot of Hans Gordon, east by Michael Miller, and on the north by an alley, at two hundred and five dollars and forty-one cents. Under partition proceedings, the land of John Wallace was disposed of for the benefit of the heirs above men- tioned, George Wallace taking part of the land at the ap- praisement, which was made by some of the best residents of the locality. Thus passed away the founder, but not before his little town had already begun to aspire to the future dignity of a borough. In the light of the flattering promises of future pros- perity for the State of Pennsylvania and its component parts which the opening days of the present century gave, it is not to be wondered at that both rulers and people were seized upon to a remarkable degree by the spirit of THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. speculation in the line of internal improvements of every character, particularly such as could be more expeditious- ly exploited by means of corporate franchises granted by the State. It was this spirit of speculation which, in those earlier days, led the proud Commonwealth of Pennsylvania into tangled paths near to where the shades of dishonor fell, from which she was extricated only by the sterling quali- ties of those who were called to the control of her affairs when the crisis was upon her. The unjust aspersions to which she was then subjected, however, still linger in the memory of some who do not scruple, unfairly though it be, to whisper “repudiation” in connection with her hon- ored name. By the outbreak of the second war with England, the rapid growth of this spirit received a check; but it was only temporary, and soon after the close of the war, with an activity in this line more marked and feverish than ever, the people became literally engulfed in the sea of speculation. The tide turned towards the State Legisla- ture, which was overwhelmed by demands for corporate charters. Turnpike, bridge, canal and lock navigation companies, and other corporations sprang up in numbers under the fostering care of the State. Thriving towns and villages floated in on the tide, and received corporate charters with borough privileges, and among the number (whether prematurely or not, who can say), the then per- manently established and steadily growing town of \Waynesbureg. At this time Franklin county was a separate Senatorial and Representative district, and was represented in the Legislature, in the lower house, by Andrew Robeson and Stephen Wilson; in the Senate by James Poe. In the House of Representatives, Mr. Robeson presented a peti- tion from sundry inhabitants of the town of Waynesburg, 83 CHAPTER IV. A spirit of speeu- lation. A temporary check and _ reac- tion. 1815 to 1825. Borough charters. 1818. Waynesburg asks for a charter. First effort, Jan. 26, 1818. 84 CHAPTER IV. Journal H. R., 1818-19, page 306. Jan, 27, 1818. Second effort. Dec. 7, 1818. Journal H. R., 1819, page 58. Dec. 9, 1818. Dec. 11. Dec. 12. WAYNESBORO. in the county of Franklin, that said town may be erected into a borough. The petition was read and referred to the members from Franklin county, with leave to report by bill or otherwise. The next day, Mr. Robeson, on behalf of himself and colleague, reported a bill, number one hundred and sey- enty-two, entitled “An Act to incorporate the town of Waynesburg, in the county of Franklin.” The bill was this day read the first time, and ordered to lie on the table, where it was not reached before the final adjournment of the then session, which took place the next day. In the session of the Legislature which followed, the Franklin county district was still represented in the Sen- ate by James Poe, but in the House Andrew Robeson had a new colleague in the person of Ludwick Heck. Among the early business of this session, on motion of Mr. Robeson and Mr. Heck, it was, “ordered that an item of unfinished business relating to the incorporation of the town of Waynesburg, in the county of Franklin, be re- ferred to the members from said county.” Two days later, Mr. Robeson reported the result of his own and colleague’s labor in a bill, number twelve, en- titled “An Act to incorporate the town of Waynesburg, in the county of Franklin.” The bill was read the first time and laid on the table. Agreeably to order, the House this day resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. J. Cochran in the chair, for the purpose of considering bill number twelve, and after some time the speaker resumed the chair and the chairman reported the bill without amendment. In due course the House took up the bill on second reading, and the first section was considered and agreed to, when a motion was made by Mr. Bond, and seconded by Mr. Gilmore, to dispense with the further reading of the remaining sections, and that the bill be read by its THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. title. Upon this question the yeas and nays were required by Mr. Thackara and Mr. Coxe, both of Philadelphia, and both opposed to the measure, with the result that the yeas were sixty-two and the nays thirty-three, and the bill was thus passed by its title with a majority of nearly two to one. The meagre records which remain disclose little with respect to the cause of opposition to this act of incorpora- tion, but a careful analysis of the subject would seem to indicate that opposition, to a degree, was grounded in dis- approval, in certain quarters, of the name chosen for the new borough. The vote on second reading showed that seven members from Philadelphia county, four from Bucks, five (a solid delegation) from Chester, four from Lancaster, two from the Berks and Schuylkill district, one from the Armstrong, Indiana and Jefferson district, one from Lebanon, one from Beaver, one from the Allegheny and Butler district, two from Delaware, two from Adams, and three from the Erie, Crawford, Warren, Mercer and Venango district, opposed the measure. During this period the three localities in Pennsylvania which contended with the Franklin county town for the honor of the municipal name, Waynesburg, were Greene county, with its county seat so named; Bedford county, with a Waynesburg or Bloody Run, and Chester county, with its native home of the Waynes, indifferently men- tioned at times as “Waynesburg” and ‘“Waynesborough,” the last mentioned, however, being the proper appella- tion. Neither Bedford county nor Greene county appeared to have been antagonistic to the measure; on the con- trary, their representatives voted for it. The most de- cided opposition came from Chester county, in which the original Waynesburg or Waynesborough is situated, and 85 CHAPTER IV. Jpposition de- veloped. Causes of antag- onism. Note 22. Note 23. 86 CHAPTER IV. Dec. 19, Dec. 21, Charter pealed. 1818. 1818. 1818. 1818, 4 e- WAYNESBORO. from the counties contiguous thereto. The remaining op- position worthy of considering came from the Erie dis- trict and surrounding territory the locality where the famous general died and was first buried, and wherein he was their first hero after old General John Armstrong. It is a reasonable deduction, therefore, that the locali- ties opposing were prompted in their action by a jealous desire to guard from too common use the honored name. The opposition from Adams county, just across the mountain, may be attributed to the fact that “a prophet is not without honor, save in his own country,” or, may- hap, to the jealous ambition of some thriving but yet un- incorporated town in the vicinage. The bill of incorporation encountered no further oppo- stion in its passage through the house. After its third reading and passage in the lower house, it was messaged over to the upper branch, and there considered upon first reading the same day. The second day after, it was read the second time, and ordered to be prepared for third reading. Three days later it was passed finally without opposition, formally compared and presented to the Gov- ernor for his approval, and within two days Governor Wil- liam Findlay affixed his signature thereto, and it became a law. The charter for Waynesburg, thus promptly secured by the faithful work of Franklin county’s representatives in the Legislature, was destined to be short-lived; whether it was that the little mountain-shadowed town was prematurely and ill-advisedly endowed with corporate powers, or that proceedings under the complex and am- bitiously enlarged terms of the charter grew to be vexa- tious and a burden to the men of simple methods who dwelt under its jurisdiction and endeavored to abide by its terms, cannot now be definitely known; but, be that as it may, this, at least, is certain that the Waynesburg charter, THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. within five years after it had been secured, had en- gendered sufficient antagonism to warrant the presenta- tion of a petition to a subsequent Legislature “from sundry inhabitants of Waynesburg, Franklin county, pray- ing that the Act erecting the town into a borough may be repealed.” Frederick Smith, Esq., one of the best representatives which Franklin county ever had; Robert Smith and Wil- liam McClay, were the members of the House of Repre- sentatives, and John Rea was the Senator from Franklin county at this time. Mr. Frederick Smith presented the repeal petition of ‘the inhabitants of Waynesburg,” and it was referred for action to himself in conjunction with Representatives Wykoff and Ryan as a committee. This committee prepared and presented to the House a bill of repeal, known as number three hundred and five, which, upon presentation, was read the first time. It was a bill of absolute repeal. It passed with expedition, and with- out opposition, through the several stages of legislation in both House and Senate, and finally received the ap- proval and signature of Governor J. Andrew Shultz. Thus abruptly and absolutely ended the first experi- ment of Waynesburg as a borough. For a period of five years, and longer, no movement was made in the direction of securing another formal act of incorporation. Then, near the close of a session of the Legislature, and too late to be acted upon at that time, the matter was again agi- tated. Mr. John Coxe, one of the members from Frank- lin, his colleague being Mr. Frederick Smith, presented a petition of Waynesburg people, praying the Legislature to grant a charter, different in certain respects from the act of incorporation formerly enacted and repealed. Of what these alterations consisted, it is not now possible, in the absence of records, to absolutely determine, but, from a general view of the subject, the inference may be drawn CHAPTER IV. Feb, 13, 1824. Journal H. R., 638. February 14. March 30. Feb. 4, 1830. Journal H. R., 1829-30. 87 88 CHAPTER IV. Opposition to re- vival. Feb. 15, 1830. March 10, 1830. 1830-31. Dec. 18, 1830. Dec, 21, 1830. WAYNESBORO. that the chief alteration related to the scope of territory and boundaries to be included within the corporate limits. That there was a lack of unanimity among the people of Waynesburg, with respect to this renewed effort to secure a charter, is evidenced by the fact that within a short time after the presentation of the petition in favor thereof, the speaker (Mr. Frederick Smith, of Franklin), laid before the House ‘“‘a remonstrance from sundry in- habitants of the town of Waynesburg, in Franklin county, against erecting said town into a borough.” All effort to ascertain the grounds upon which this re- monstrance was based has proved fruitless. After due consideration of the matter in the committee on corporations, Mr. David Hassinger, of Philadelphia, the chairman of that committee, reported bill number three hundred and sixteen, entitled “An Act reviving an Act incorporating the borough of Waynesburg, and changing the name thereof to Waynesborough.” At this session, the movement did not advance beyond this intro- duction of the bill into the House. At the next regular session, Franklin county was repre- sented by its tried and true members, Frederick Smith and John Coxe, with David Fullerton, widely known and highly respected for his attainments, as Senator. There seemed to be, in the present House, an entire absence of the opposition to the Waynesburg corporation bill which had manifested itself at the former session, and at his earliest opportunity, Mr. Coxe called up “the item of unfinished business” relating to the incorporation of the town of \Waynesburg, and secured its reference to the committee on corporations, of which Almon H. Read, of Philadelphia, was chairman. In a short time the measure, now known as “bill number twenty-eight,” was favorably reported from that committee by Mr. Read, under the title THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. 89 of “An Act reviving an Act incorporating the borough of CHAPTER Iv. Waynesburg, in the county of Franklin, and changing the name thereof to Waynesborough.” As in the case of the former, the present bill en- abe set te countered no further opposition in the course of its pro- gress through the two branches of the law making power. Its consideration upon second and third reading and final 4 ‘ Dec. 24, 1830, passage in the House, was uneventful routine. and Jan. 4, 1881. In the Senate, when under consideration of the “com- Trouble about E 3 E rH : e name. mittee of the whole,” the old restive feeling with respect to the name again was manifested, and resolved itself into ”*” * an amendment “making the name ‘Waynesborough’ read eis Jan. 19. ‘Waynesboro’,” and thus necessitating, the next day, upon second reading, a technical amendment to the title offered by the ever watchful Senator Fullerton to make the title conform legally to the body of the bill. Third reading and final passage followed apace, and, as the amendments proposed by the Senate were promptly con- 5,, 9. curred in by the House, no delay was experienced in the formal steps necessary to be taken to place the bill in the jan. 95. hands of Governor Wolf, whose undelayed approval thereof and signature thereto gave corporate life to the Waynesboro of to-day. In order to fully understand the chartered privileges Terms of the of Waynesboro, it will be necessary to remember that the last act of incorporation is simply an act reviving the re- pealed charter enacted at an earlier day. The original act Note 21. contains all the machinery, and the revived act chiefly de- termines under what name and within what limits it shall be operative. From a comparison of the somewhat in- definite description in the original act with the rather more specific description in the reviving act, it can be acea readily seen that the original corporate limits were con- Boreush limits. siderably enlarged. go CHAPTER IV. Qualifications of electors. Time and _ place of election. Style of the cor- poration. Penalties of de- faulting officers. Official oaths. Powers of Town Council. Town Clerk. Treasurer. WAYNESBORO. Every resident for six months within the corporate limits, who was qualified to vote for members of the Gen- eral Assembly, was entitled, under the charter, to vote for the first Chief Burgess and members of the Town Coun- cil, five in number. The first election was fixed to be held ‘at the house now occupied by John Cochran,” on the first Monday of March succeeding the passage of the re- viving act, but all subsequent elections were to be held as originally provided, “on the first Tuesday of May in every year.” The Burgess and Town Council thus “one body politic and corporate by the name and style of Chief elected, and their successors, were declared to be Burgess and Town Council of the horough of (Waynes- burg) Waynesboro, and shall have perpetual succession.” Fitting penalties upon officers duly elected and accept- ing the offices, for failure to properly and faithfully per- form the duties imposed upon them, were fixed. All of- ficers, before entering upon the duties of their office, were required to take and subscribe an oath “to support the Constitution of the United States and of this State, and to perform their duties with fidelity.” These oaths were re- quired to be preserved among the records of the corpora- tion. The Town Council was required to meet, at least, quar- terly, on the third Saturday of April, July, October and January in each year for the transaction of business. Full powers were granted to enact proper rules and ordinances for the government of the market and streets, and for all police regulations, the levying and collecting of taxes, etc. It was the duty of the Town Clerk to keep the archives, to be custodian of the common seal, and to preserve the records. A Borough Treasurer was also provided for, upon whom was imposed the duties usual to such office, and the THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. obligation of giving bond for the faithful performance of those duties. A High Constable was also provided for, and it was among his duties to give notice of the annual borough elections, and, under the original act, two commissioners, with the High Constable of Washington township, were appointed to the duty of publishing and superintending the first election to be held. A peculiar feature about the salaries of all the officers of ancient Waynesboro was that “salaries shall not be in- creased or diminished during the time for-which said officers were appointed respectively.” This is an inhibi- tion which is to-day one of the leading ordainments of the latest constitution of Pennsylvania with respect to the highest offices in the State. The Burgess and Town Council were constituted as a tribunal for the decision of the questions arising under the charter, while there was a regularly constituted appeal from their decisions (except with relation to borough taxes and appointments to offices), to the court of com- mon pleas of the county. Misunderstanding of some of the provisions of the re- vived charter caused serious delay in organizing, and ren- dered absolutely necessary a supplement to the charter act the next year. The preamble to the supplement recited the fact that the day appointed by the act of the year before for hold- ing the first borough election “had passed before the citi- zens of Waynesboro had received notice of the passage of the said act, and no persons were appointed to publish said act.” As a matter of fact, the revival of the act was all too superficially drawn, and did not re-enact with sufficient definiteness the vital provisions of the original act. By gi CHAPTER IV. High Constable. Wm. Blakeney. John Flanegan. Salaries not to be increased or di- minished during term. The Burgess’ court. Jan. 11, 1832. Legislative in- terpretation of charter. g2 CHAPTER IV. James Burns and George Bashore. 1851. Under the general borough law. Note 26. April 1, 1884. The beginning of general legisla- tion. Courts to incor- porate, Officers. WAYNESBORO. the supplement it was provided that the first election of borough officers should be held on the first Monday of March ensuing, and commissioners were appointed to superintend and publish the election. Nearly a score of years had passed away since the for- mal incorporation of Waynesboro. They had been years in which the spirit of progress in the methods of govern- ment in its relation to the governed had quickened and broadened in general, but particularly along the line of the governmental theory, which is now one of the cardinal doctrines of our State Constitution, that general laws shall be enacted for the regulation of those matters in which the public is generally interested, and that special laws for the benefit of individuals, or classes of individu- als, granting privileges that are the peculiar provisions of general laws, shall be prohibited. Up to this period in a single line of corporate fran- chises, that of boroughs, there had been granted by the Legislature special charters, running up into the hun- dreds. These differed materially in terms, at Jeast so much so as to be wholly lacking in uniformity when con- sidered as a class. At a somewhat earlier day, as a first step in the direc- tion of a remedy for this evil, the Legislature enacted a general law providing for the incorporation of boroughs. The courts of quarter sessions, with the concurrence of the grand jury, in each county, were clothed with the power to incorporate towns and villages into boroughs, upon the petition of a majority of the freeholders therein, and also, upon application of two-thirds of the freeholders of any existing borough, to alter or amend the special charter thereof. In charters granted by the courts, the chief borough officers authorized were a Burgess and five members of Town Council. The Town Council was to be THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. a court of appeal only for questions in which were in- volved the assessment and collection of taxes. By a supplementary enactment, the corporate powers of boroughs were fully defined and specifically set forth. Under the general law, regulating incorporated bor- oughs, was first put into operation the method of cumu- lative voting, which subsequently became a feature in the choice of certain officers under the State Constitution and enabling legislation. The members of the Town Council could be chosen under this system, which did not remain in vogue long, but was soon abolished. Soon after the powers of courts of quarter sessions, with respect to this class of corporations, were further enlarged, and they were authorized to divide boroughs into wards, which should each be a separate election dis- trict entitled to not less than one nor more than three members of Council. Under the provisions of the general borough law, all boroughs already created by special charter could be brought within its provisions, and be uniformly classed with each other and with those to be created in the future; a plan conceived in wisdom, and with all operations under it crowned with success. Waynesboro, at an early day, availed herself of the opportunity to escape from the unequal work of conduct- ing her affairs under a special charter, and notwithstand- ing the fact that the same was secured with so much diffi- culty, and by special Act of Assembly, came into full con- formity with the general borough law. In due course of time the expansion of the borough rendered it necessary, in order “to satisfy the convenience and confirm the interests * * * of the taxpayers generally of said borough,” to have said borough divided 93 CHAPTER IV. Apr. 3, 1851. Powers defined. June 2, 1871. Cumulative voting. March 28, 1873. Formation of wards. Special charters to be merged. Waynesboro comes in. April 15, 1852. Borough divided into wards. March 15, 1889. 94 CHAPTER IV. Hon. John Stewart, P. J. Jacob Pensinger. A. B. Lauder- baugh. W. W. Britton. Sept. 20, 1889. Statistical rela- tions. The village. 1797-1818. United States census. 1790. Note 27. 1800. Note 27. 1810. 1820. 1890. WAYNESBORO. into wards; at least, so the petition to the court of quarter sessions of Franklin county recited. After due consideration of the petition, the Court ap- pointed three gentlemen from different sections of the county, one from Greencastle, one from Mercersburg, and one from Strasburg, as commissioners to divide the town into wards, as prayed for. By the report of these commissioners, which was duly confirmed by the court, the borough was divided into three wards. Two councilmen and two school directors were designated for each ward, and each ward was made a separate election district. Wallacetown, afterwards Waynesburg, in its incipiency, that is to say from the time when it was formally iaid out by its founder up to the time when the first steps were taken toward its incorporation into a borough, differed in no material respect from the ordinary settlement towns of the valley. Its growth was steady, and, perhaps, a lit- tle in advance of other portions of the county. At the taking of the first authorized United States cen- sus, the population of the entire county of Franklin was fifteen thousand Six hundred and fifty-five, and as an in- teresting historical fact it is here noted that of the number mentioned three hundred and thirty were slaves. At a second decennial census, the population had in- creased to nineteen thousand six hundred and _thirty- eight, of which number one hundred and thirty-one were slaves. Jn the next ten years, the number of inhabitants had increased to twenty-three thousand and eighty-three, with eighty-seven still in slavery, while in the succeeding ten years, the population increased to thirty-one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety-two. At the taking of the last decennial census, the popula- tion reached the number of fifty-one thousand four hun- e THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. dred and thirty-three, showing more than a three-fold in- crease in population in one hundred years. With respect to Washington township, the first census shows the population to have been about thirteen hun- dred; the second, about two thousand and twenty-five; the third, two thousand seven hundred and nine; and the fourth, four thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven. This indicates an increase of the population of the town- ship, in the ten years last mentioned, of two thousand and eighty-eight, or about seventy-seven per cent. During the same ten years, the population of the entire county of Franklin, outside of Washington township, had in- creased only six thousand seven hundred and twenty-one, or about thirty-three per cent. This was substantially the’ situation as to population when Waynesburg made its first application for a borough charter. Reliable information from which to derive an exact account of the personnel and business of the town at this particular time is lacking, but from authentic sources it has been ascertained that in the township of Washing- ton there were six hundred and ninety-six persons en- gaged in agricultural pursuits; eighteen in commerce, and two hundred and eleven in the business of manufacture. The presumption is not too violent that a majority of those engaged in commerce and a number of the manu- facturers were within the limits of the town. For the twelve succeeding years during which Waynes- burg waited for the evolution of its chartered rights in perfect form from the chaos of undigested State legisla- tion, the township continued to grow steadily in popula- tion, while the town kept pace therein, thrived in its home building and progressed in its commercial enterprises. An observant chronicler within its gates took note of the fact that it contained between one hundred and forty and one hundred and fifty dwelling houses and places of 95 CHAPTER IV. 1790. 1820. 1818. United States census. 1820. Transition period. 1818-1831. 1831. Gordon. 96 CHAPTER IV. Formative period. 1831-1870 1840. The golden age. 1870-1900. 1880 Phenomenal growth. 1890. WAYNESBORO. business, ‘‘chiefly of stone;” that its people worshipped in two principal churches, the Presbyterians and Lutherans in one, and those of the German Reformed persuasion in the other; and it was altogether a thriving village, giving great promise for the future. The period of nearly forty years directly following the formal incorporation of Waynesboro may, with propriety, be called the “formative period” of the town; its business enterprises arose, culminated and set in strict accord with the laws of progress and ever changing methods. It shared to a greater or less degree the financial and other distresses incident to the troublous times which, from period to period, the county in general fell into, particu- larly the war for the preservation of the Union, which brought the army of an enemy to the very doors of its people’s homes. The fifth decennial census officially fixed the population of Waynesboro at eight hundred and fifty. For four de- cades there was nothing in the rate of increase in popula- tion to mark it as unusual. The figures of the sixth census were one thousand and nineteen; of the seventh, one thousand two hundred and thirty-three; of the eighth, one thousand three hundred and forty-five; and of the ninth, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight. But now, the conservative, quiet little town has reached a period in its history which, for want of a less poetic ap- pellation, may be styled the “golden age.” Let the figures speak again. The first ten years of this period show little change in the percentage of increase of popula- tion. The census return fixed the figures at one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight, but mark the phenomenal progress; the outcome of the generally wonderful and eventful years which are tolled off to make up the ful! measure of the last decade. It almost surpasses belief that, albeit crystallized by "L68L ‘OMOSSANAVM JO MGIA 3A S.auld ‘OYOESANAVM 4O AYOLSIH THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. the deep-rooted conservatism of the locality, and after nearly one hundred years, this ancient town should dis- card the methods of the past and, in a brief period of time, not exceeding one-tenth of its whole existence, expand into a miniature city of three wards and more than double its population. This is what Waynesboro has done. It is carried upon the latest census rolls with a population in its three wards combined of three thousand eight hun- dred and eleven, an increase of one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three, and an excess of eight hundred and eighty-five over the combined increase of the forty years preceding, which was one thousand and _ thirty-eight. “Comparisons are odious,” but, simply forthe sake of fuller exemplification, the following comparison of the rate of in- crease of Waynesboro’s population during the last ten years and the rates of increase of neighboring towns, and of the county, for the same period, is given: Waynesboro, rate per cent. of increase, 101.85 Hagerstown, S s 52.68 Chambersburg, M 14.34 Carlisle, is 22.73 Franklin county, - 22.85 From this comparison, a correct idea of the phenomenal growth of Waynesboro during this period can be gather- ed. A local census taken in January, of nineteen hundred, shows the population of Waynesboro to be five thousand, eight hundred and one. The last official census just taken shows the population to be five thousand, three hundred and ninety-six. (7) CHAPTER IV. 1900. 99 CHAPTER V. Uncertainty of Waynesboro’s past. Looking back- ward. A picture of the valley. CHAPTER V. LOOKING BACKWARD. REMINISCENCES AND RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PAST. Y the lapse of time, the passing, under the inexor- able law of nature, of human witnesses, the vague character of the traditions remaining, and the marked absence of written records—conditions are created which conspire to render the reproduction in detail of the earliest past of Waynesboro a task difficult of accomplishment. There remain, however, insensate witnesses, the un- changeable mountain barrier to the eastward; the monu- mental rocks; the ever-flowing streams; the sadly curtail- ed, yet ever suggestive, remnants of the forest and the meadow lands, here stretching away in a level plane, and there gently undulating to the rugged sides of the western mountain. These challenge the thoughtful with their throng of associate memories, and command the observer from yon eastern mountain height to find “tongues in the trees, sermons in the stones, books in the babbling brooks,” and suggestions of the past in everything. The investigator of early days who climbed the moun- tain to observe the landscape and locate the pathway of advancing civilization, was not gifted with imagination vivid enough even to faintly forecast the picture of animat- ed beauty which causes the beholder of to-day to stand entranced upon the verge of the mountain crest, or upon one or the other of the artificial vantage points which modern enterprise has made available within the quarter century just passed. The broad and smiling acres of farm lands; the well kept roadways, white with the dust of their ballast, belting the valley from mountain to mountain and paralleling the LOOKING BACKWARD. mountains from river to river; the sinuous streams, wind- ing like ribbons of silver through verdant meadows; the long lines of iron road, along which through the distance the frequent trains are seen creeping to their destination ; the towns and villages, where are the homes of many men, clustering like coral islands in an emerald sea. One hundred and two score years have changed the character of the whole landscape, and have blotted from its face forever many landmarks which were familiar ob- jects to the eye of the early settlers. One of the best known localities in the South mountain in the early days, and one which was more frequently visit- ed than any other, not only because it was the natural gateway from the valley to the country lying east and south of the mountain, but also because it was the most accessible of the early vantage points of observation, was “Nicholass’s Gap;” sometimes called Nicholson’s Gap. It was the point of convergence of many paths which led from the valley and, later, of the more pretentious roads which were projected with the advance of civiliza- tion. In the earliest times this mountain pass was by turn a favorite rendezvous for scouting parties of hostile Indians, and an outpost, jealously guarded and sometimes stren- uously defended by the whites. It is a natural depression or “gap” in the mountain, and was an objective point of all engineering enterprises from the time when Mason and Dixon passed through it with their boundary line between Maryland and Pennsylvania down to the time when the turnpike through Waynesboro to Baltimore crossed there, and the later periods when the “Tape Worm Rail- ie way” of Thaddeus Stevens wriggled thitherward and the Western Maryland railroad utilized the pass with all its advantages to bring their line into Pennsylvania. The observant traveller, one hundred years ago, cross- ing the mountain at Nicholass’s Gap, and resting there for IOI CHAPTER Y. Nicholass’s Gap. Its importance. 102 CHAPTER V. The outlook. Adown the mountain. Across the valley. “‘Barrens.’” A beautiful pano- Tama. WAYNESBORO. a survey of the valley, attracted by the promise of the distant view, would scarcely have noticed more than casually the few scattered habitations which then mark- ed the spot where Waynesboro now stands. He would have been attracted rather by the diversified character of the landscape. Where now are cleared meadows, green with cultivation from mountain base to town boundary, then, the oak, the rock pine, the chestnut and the cypress crept down the mountain in thick growth to the very edge of the settler’s clearing. Across the valley, as far as the eye could reach, was the green of foliage and undergrowth; in lighter tint, where grew the wild plum with other native fruits, and the luxuriant grass; in darker shade, where stretched the broad belts of the heavy timber and prominently developed like great swaths mowed by a mighty sickle wielded by some giant hand, were the long vistas which marked the location of the Mason and Dixon line; and the narrower yet still well defined forest walls of the bridle paths and roads through the valley. To the northeastward the keener eye might have de- tected the presence of the low lying patches of prairie land, or “barrens,” near the watercourses, a humor of na- ture so infrequently met with in this particular section of the valley as to be scarcely worthy of mention, but more frequently to be found as the bounds of “Lowther Manor” were entered from the southward, and again disappearing as the river bluffs to the eastward were approached. It was a beautiful panorama, fashioned by hand divine, cast between sentinel mountains and enfossed at either extremity with a broad bosomed river, most fittingly set by the ceaseless purpose of the Almighty for the early protection and the later development of this “garden spot” of the new world. There is nothing upon which to base the belief that the LOOKING BACKWARD. Wallace family possessed to any greater degree than their neighbors the hardihood and enterprising spirit which are inseparable from the character of the successful Ameri- can pioneer. Their choice of location was a felicitous one. They had little, if anything, to fear from the In- dians when the work of building the nucleus of “John Wallace’s town” was actually begun. As frontier settlers they were not in position, it is true, to relax their vigi- lance, for “many Indians” were still abroad, bent on treacherous exploit. The South mountain, after the per- iod of settlement, offered fewer facilities for the opera- tions of the savages than did the mountain upon the other side of the valley, and it was only upon rare occasions that the Indians made hostile visits to the Antietam neighbor- hood, although such visits as they did make were serious enough in their results. As has been fully set forth in an earlier chapter of this work, the land from which was laid out the town plot of Waynesboro was originally taken up by John Wallace, the elder, who, dying, left it to his son, Robert, from whom it passed by deeds to George, his brother, and from George to John, the founder, and was formally patented to John by the state authorities. John Wallace, the founder, must not be confounded with John Wallace, his nephew, son of his brother, Thomas, who took out a patent for lands adjoining his uncle at a much later date. Before the town was laid out it was marked by the Wal- lace home, an old-fashioned hostelry and a few primitive dwellings. The old Wallace homestead is said to be that which is now owned by Dr. Strickler, adjoining the Clay- ton farm east of town. The original house was a log one and the tradition is that it was converted into a house from an old Indian fort that stood there in very early years. 103 CHAPTER V. The first Wallace settlement, The title. Died March 5, 1839, leaving Esther, his widow. The old Wallace homestead. “QVGZLSHUNOH AOVITVM AIO SHL LOOKING BACKWARD. The early gazetteers, not being possessed of the powers of prophecy, passed Waynesboro by with very meagre notice: “A post town in Franklin county:” “A village containing several substantial dwellings and public houses.” From the recollection of old citizens only is it now pos- sible to gather a description of the old town. The de- scription which follows is from the recollections of an old resident of the town, who was familiar with its appearance in every detail as it existed upwards of fifty years ago, which is given in narrative form as follows: The town consisted of Fast and West Main street, Me- chanics street going north, and Church street going south. Beginning on the southeast corner, Mechanics street and Center square, he names the properties on that side of Mechanics street, then comes down the other side and goes out west Main street on the north side, coming back to the square on south side, and going out Church street and back, then out East Main street on south side and back to the square on the north side. This comprised the whole of the town when he lived there. The town on the north and south sides was surrounded by woods. On the corner of Mechanics street and Center square stood the old stone tavern (Central House now). This place was kept by John Cochran, and was headquar- ters for wagoners hauling from Pittsburg to Baltimore. Across the alley above the hotel stood the cooper shop of William Wilson. Next the cooper shop were lots be- longing to James Null’s father, at the upper corner of which stood his one story log house in which James Null was born. On the other side of the cross street was a two story blacksmith shop belonging to James Null. Next house belonged to David Funk, a carpenter. This was a one and one-half story brick house. On the corner of an alley leading to Burn’s Hill lived Eli Horner, acarpenter. There were no more houses on the east side 105 CHAPTER V. Historical men- tion. Reminiscences and recollections. James Null. 1830-1840. The streets. A trip through the old town. Old residences and places of business. 1816. 106 CHAPTER V. Up and down Mechanics street. Suggestion as to name of street. Along West Main street. WAYNESBORO. of Mechanics street. The first house on the west side at the north end belonged to Joel Hoeflich. Next was Hamilton’s blacksmith and wagonmaker shop, employing about thirty hands, and on the same lot was a one and one- half story brick house in which Hamilton lived. On the corner of the Chambersburg road and Mechanics street was a two story log house, in which Polly Blackburn lived. Below this house was a two story log house belonging to Hamilton, and tenanted by Abraham Straley. Below Straley’s was a two story log house owned by Nathaniel Wilson, and, later, by Jacob R. Welsh, a hatter, for whom James Null worked for about eight years. The next house stood at the corner of the alley next the square, and was owned by a Mr. Dettrow, and at his death came into possession of Mrs. Polly Gordon, his daughter. On the corner of Mechanics street, and opposite Cochran’s tav- ern, was a little log house belonging to Granny Gordon, mother of Hans, Samuel and Alexander Gordon. This property was afterwards sold to George Basehore, who built there and conducted a store in it. Notice of the few dwellings and houses on this street and the great percentage of mechanics living there, may suggest to the mind how the street derived its name. In the northwest corner of the square next the house of Mrs. Gordon stood a log house occupied by Griffith, a tailor. Next this was the property of Samuel Gordon, a wheelwright. On the corner of West Main street and Center square was Stoner’s tavern (now National Hotel), a brick build- ing with a large arched driveway built through the build- ing for teams to have access to the yard in the rear. Michael Stoner was the landlord at this time. Above the hotel on West Main street was the store of William Cooper. He was succeeded by William Davison and David Tritle, doing business under the name of Davison & Tritle. The next house was occupied by Shenafield LOOKING BACKWARD. and Filbert, tailors. Shenafield was afterwards elected steward of the almshouse and died there. The land on which the People’s Bank now stands, and from there to the alley at the Washington House, belonged to Dr. Wal- ker, on which he had a dwelling house. On the alley above the Walker lots was John Smith’s tavern stand (now Washington House). Next the hotel was the property of William Weagley, who had a one and one-half story brick dwelling standing back from the street and a saddler shop built out next the street. Above Weagley’s were, first, a two story weather- boarded log house of Downey and sisters; second, prop- erty of Jacob Wolf, a silversmith and clockmaker. James Null’s family have in their possession a clock made by him seventy-five years ago. Third, the house of Daniel Disert, a shoemaker; fourth, brick dwelling house and saddler shop of Daniel Crouse. On the land extending from the Crouse property to the alley stood the long one and one- half story log brewery; also the brick dwelling house of Jacob Ziegler. Ziegler was an uncle of George W. Zieg- ler, deceased, of Greencastle, Pennsylvania. Across the alley lived Levi Sanders, a son-in-law of Ziegler. The last building on the north side of West Main street was the blacksmith shop of John Hollenberger, who was suc- ceeded by Levi and Jonas Sanders, who added a wagon- maker shop. At the extreme west end on the south side was a two story log house occupied by Allen Rippey. At the cor- ner of Main street and Hagerstown road was a brick schoolhouse, afterwards owned by John Johnston, a gunsmith. There were no more houses until we come to corner of Main street and Leitersburg road. Here stood the one and one-half story brick dwelling and pottery of John Bell. On the opposite corner was a two story frame dwelling and blacksmith shop of Lewis Ray. Next was John Crouse’s tailor shop, below which was CHAPTER V. North Side. Ancient clock- maker. South side. 107 108 CHAPTER V. Maker of ‘‘Don’t give up the ship’”’ stoves. Headquarters for “‘taffy’? and beer. Where James Null clerked. 1829, Going out Church street and back. Methodist Church. Old Lutheran church. WAYNESBORO. the dwelling of John Noon, a moulder, who made the oid- fashioned ‘Don’t give up the ship” stoves at Mont Alto furnace. Between this house and the first alley was, first, a vacant lot; second, a log house of Smith, the hatter; third, a one story brick house of William Fulton, stand- ing back from the street. Next the alley was the cake shop of Mrs. Blair, a one and one-half story house, which was headquarters for cakes, candy, taffy and beer. Be- low this alley was a building belonging to William Fulton. “Phillip’s” Bank was in this building for a while. Next was the weatherboarded house of Daniel Tritle, a tinner and coppersmith. Next were two houses of Dr. Brotherton; one a stone dwelling house, and the other a brick building, the first floor of which was used for store rooms and the second floor for a dancing hall. Funk & Stewart’s, and after them Amberson’s, store was in this building. On the corner of West Main street and Center square, opposite the Stoner tavern, was a brick house in which John Stoner lived, and John Fisher also had a cabinetmaker’s shop in the same building; also the dry goods store of Daniel O. Gehr. In the southwest corner of the square was a brick double house, belonging to Charles Smith, in the east end of which he kept a general merchandise store, which store James Null entered as clerk. Going out Church street, at the end of the Smith lot was a two story log house, belonging to Smith. Across the alley was a small house in which lived E. Shugars, nicknamed “Goody” Shugars. The next property was the one story brick Methodist church, which was built while James Null lived in town. The last house on this side of the street belonged to Adam French. On the south side, the first building on the outskirts of the town was the Lutheran church, a rough cast building afterwards sold to the Dunkers. Next was Thomas Morehead’s pottery at corner of Church street and alley LOOKING BACKWARD. (now Second street). In the next house lived Steven Fry, CHAPTER v. Next was the brick house of Mrs. John Wallace. On the corner of Church street and the alley next the square was the property of John Clayton, a carpenter, and the father of Hon. James H. Clayton. On the corner of Church street and Center square was the dwelling house of Martin Funk. The first Town Hall building was in this corner of the square on Funk’s lot; also the hat shop of William Dechert, who was succeeded in the hat busi- ness by Bechtel & Null: The postoffice also was here while Jacob R. Welsh was postmaster. On the corner of East Main street and Center square was the weatherboarded house of John Fry, afterwards the Lewis Detrich property. On the east end of the same lot was a brick house occupied by Peter Grumbine, a sil- versmith. The buildings from Grumbine’s to the alley above were first, property of Dr. Liggit, afterwards owned by Lewis Fahrney, who built a tannery on the lot; second, log house of J. Wilson Riley, the hatter, where James Null learned the hat trade; third, a brick house of Thomas Smith, chairmaker; fourth, store of Henry Smith. Across the alley was the property of Dr. John Oellig, who was a very prominent and successful physician at that time. Next to Oellig’s building, and from it to next alley, were, first, house of Thomas Hollingsworth, a tailor; sec- ond, dwelling of Mrs. Stonehouse; third, wagonmaker shop of Eli Harbaugh; fourth, ‘dwelling and shop of George Cochran, a carpenter; fifth, roughcast dwelling of John Miller. The alley at this point is now Broad street. On the corner of the alley was Harry Harratt’s tavern. Harratt also conducted a hat shop here. Above this was a little log dwelling in which lived a man named Bowser. He was a lively fellow, and would “fiddle” for the young people for dancing. On ac- count of the great number of dances and carousals held Site of Old Town Hall. A journey through East Main street. James Null, a hatter. 1830. cg I10 CHAPTER VY. ‘“Peale’s Museum.’’ Note 28. A high old time. The ‘‘Poor House.’’ East Main street, North Side. Catholic Church. Where General Burns lived. WAYNESBORO. here the place became known as “Peale’s Museum.” During one of the carousals, Bowser fell into a deep sleep, and the boys put him to bed in a back room, and while some of them danced in the front room the others tore the house down from over them, and Bowser waked in the forenoon with the sun shining in his face. His effects were then moved to the ““Poor House” at the east end, which will be told of later. The first house above the next alley was a one and one- half story log house belonging to Abram Koons. Next was a wagonmaker and blacksmith shop belonging to Grouse. The last house on the south side of East Main street was an old log house, ninety feet long, which was called the “Poor House.” It didn’t seem to have an owner, and whenever a family couldn’t get any place to move they moved into the “Poor House” where they paid no rent. On the north side of the street coming west, the first house at the foot of Cemetery Hill was a two story log house belonging to Lizzie Logan. ‘Three very tall poplar trees stood in front of this house. Next was a one story log house of John Morganthall, which was still standing when James Null was last in Waynesboro, a few years ago. From here to the alley were, first, the house of Conrad Sody; second, roughcast house of Andrew McElroy, a hatter; third, a vacant lot where the Catholic church now stands. Between this alley and the next were several vacant lots, and the dwelling house and blacksmith shop of Henry Oaks; also the dwelling of Mrs. Miller, which stood op- posite the Harratt tavern. On the alley running north to the stone schoolhouse lived James Riley, father of J. Wilson Riley; below this house was the two story cabinet- maker’s shop of General Burns, and dwelling house next to it in which Burns lived. Opposite Dr. Oellig’s property was Clugston’s tavern LOOKING BACKWARD. stand. Next was a brick building in which Bitner’s store, afterwards owned by Alexander Hamilton, was located. In this same building a school-teacher, named Green, taught a school. From this building to the square were, first, a log house of Edward Flannagan, a shoemaker; second, a one story brick house of Abram Row, a shoe- maker ; third, house of George Price, a barber; fourth, a two story dwelling of Magrow sisters; fifth, the store of Thomas Yates, afterwards owned by Dr. John Oellig, Jr., who conducted a drug store here. On the Chambersburg road a short distance west of structure surrounded by woods. It was then torn down while James Null lived in the town, and a brick church built at the same location. Later Rev. Glessner was pas- tor. The stores mentioned in this description are all of the same kind, general merchandise, which included dry goods, groceries, hardware, whiskey and tobacco. The leading merchants mentioned were Davison & Tritle, George Basehore, Charles Smith, Funk & Stewart, (suc- ceeded by Amberson,) Mrs. Blair’s stand, and Daniel O. Gehr. Whiskey was sold in nearly all these stores. It re- tailed for a while at twelve and one-half cents per quart, yet drunkenness and rioting around the stores were some things unknown. In the store in which James Null clerk- ed in a place near the door were kept a pitcher of water and a large bottle of whiskey, which were free for the benefit of customers. It became necessary to refill the bottle about as often as the pitcher. At the time of this description there were two military organizations in the town. One, called the “Blues,” was a flint lock musket company, of which Captain John Wal- lace was captain, and afterwards Captain Hollingsworth. The other was a rifle company, whose uniforms were green coats and large plumes in their hats. The captain of this Tit CHAPTER V. An old school house. : : The old Re- Mechanics street stood the Reformed church, a little log formed Church. 1843, The character of the stores. Price of whiskey and its use. Military zations. organi- 112 CHAPTER V. Muster days. Life in the early days. Lawless charac- ters. J. Francis Bourns, M. D. WAYNESBORO. company was, first, Captain Jacob Bender, succeeded by Captain James H. Clayton. These military companies, and also the militia of the township (to which every one between the ages of eigh- teen and forty belonged) were compelled to muster or pay one dollar fine. Several days were taken for this each year, and it was always an occasion for a “big day” in the town. Life in Waynesboro in its early days was, naturally not as peaceful and free from excitement as is life in a quiet eastern country village of the present day. It par- took rather more of the character of the settler’s life in the towns and villages of the far west of to-day. The mountain fastnesses in the neighborhood were safe hid- ing-places for lawless characters, who there concocted schemes for the undoing of the helpless settler and for their own agerandizement. Well known through all this section of country through the period of the revolution and down to later days was the notorious band of counterfeiters, highwaymen and horse thieves, who carried on their depredations through the territory extending from the borders of Virginia through all parts of the Cumberland, Lancaster and Ches- ter valleys. Chief among these desperadoes were the Nugents, the Doanes and the Fritzes, and so extensive was their business as to furnish constant employment for many agents all along the route and even into Canada _ It is not possible here to tell in detail the romantic history of these notorious characters, but mention has already been made by others of some of their operations in the South mountain. A local writer entertainingly tells, in a chapter of “Unwritten Local History,” published some time ago in a Waynesboro paper, of the doings of some of the con- federates of this gang. [t was the province of the brave settler to defend him- LOOKING BACKWARD. self against every character of attack, and so it is that when the presence of these members of the gang whom the writer calls “the two brothers, Shockke,” was suspect- ed in the South mountain, an attacking party under the lead of Colonel James Johnston and ‘Squire’ John Bourns was formed, and the mountain scoured in search of the marauders. The colonel, with a squad of his daring troops, accompanied by ‘Squire’ Bourns, marched into the mountain, and thus entertainingly their exploit is re- counted: “A brief halt was made, then the march, or rather dash, was resumed, and up and into the mountains they rode, accompanied by citizens, until they had approached so near the hiding resort that absolute quiet became needful in every movement. Strategy had been planned, the countersign given out, and, dismounted, the party divided, walking stealthily apart through the dense woods to sur- round the marauders’ den or cave. ‘Squire Bourns appeared rather as a non-combatant ; he simply had a staff in his hand. But for the night’s dark- ness he might have been noticed, however, to wear at his side a bayonet, as he wore that weapon when a soldier under Washington three years before. The night waned, and the silence continued through the forest, interrupted only by the occasional bark of a fox, or the hoot ofan owl. But as the morning began to dawn the soldier's intent ear caught from a little distance a rust- ling sound like that made by animals moving through the underbrush ; and quickly its cause was revealed in the ap- proach of a man whom Bourns in the twilight mistook to be one of his party who wore a military hat; and by the planned whistle he called for the countersign. This was not returned, and, being in doubt, the canny Scot started toward the man whom he followed until the growing light proved the fugitive was bent on eluding him; and he im- mediately shouted the battle rally for his party to hear and join him. Being fleet afoot, ‘Squire Bourns gained on the disguised marauder, who proved to be one of the brothers, Shockke, and he ordered him to halt and sur- render. The man, without halting, looked back, mutter- 113 CHAPTER V. The capture of an outlaw, 114 CHAPTER VY. The Nugents. March 25, 1780. A price on their heads. Note 29. Note 30. November 22, 1782 © A capturer’s pe- tition. WAYNESBORO. ing an angry reply; and making a misstep he fell to the ground, when the ‘Squire,’ coming up, had his bayonet instantly in use to keep his burly foe from rising. Within a very few minutes Colonel Johnston, with the rest of the loyal party, rode up; when the march was started upon down the mountains homeward, with the prisoner in com- pany.” The Nugents, who were among the chief leaders of the band, after evading arrest for a considerable time, were at length captured and paid the penalty of their crimes. Joseph Reed, president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, issued a formal proclamation, offering a reward of five thousand dollars for the capture of Benjamin Nugent, William Nugent, John Rosborough, Charles Johnston and Dr. John McCartney, or one thou- sand dollars for the arrest and safe delivery of either one of them to any county jail. As before stated, the Nugents were all captured, and as a matter of interest it is here recorded that William Nugent was captured by Ephraim Hunter, of the county of Cumberland, who presented his petition to the Su- preme Executive Council of the state, and claimed the reward which had been offered by the government. He set forth in his petition: “That your petitioner hath lately apprehended and safely delivered to Henry Miller, Esq., High Sheriff with- in the Goal of York County the above named William Nugent as by the said Sheriff's Certificate herewith pro- duced will appear. That the value of the said one thou- sand Continental Dollars in hard Money agreeable to the Scale of Depreciation does not appear to be more than Six pounds seven Shillings & sixpence together with four Dollars expences attending the delivering the said Nugent to the Goal afs, which together amounts to Seven pounds seventeen Shillings & sixpence hard money. Your petitioner therefore Prays that your Honor will be pleased to pay him the said Sum of Seven pounds seven- LOOKING BACKWARD. 115 teen Shillings & sixpence hard Money and he as in duty CHAPTER V. bound will ever pray, &c.” Accompanying the petition was the re- October 12, 1782. ceipt of Michael Gray- bill, gaoler of York county, for the body ee Py. Vm Fr of William Nugent, which receipt was properly dated. January 6, 1783, There was also add- ed the certificate of Henry Miller, sheriff of York county, to the effect that William Nugent had been de- livered to the gaol of that county by Thomas Gold and Ephraim Hunter. These marauders of cau EA GOPG YP ee hon, hes D4 ) 4 ba Phackiac bee Xf VEL fear Mé: oy 4h JaILOR’S RECEIPT FOR NUGENT. Glew early times are said to ee A Kit &. have a place in litera- ture. It is believed that one of the Doanes was the original of “Sandy Flash,” a char- acter in the “Story of Ley Bayard Taylor. Kennet.” A Philadelphia writer of quaint fiction, in the earlier part of the present century, is also said to have had in his mind the Nugents when he wrote , .. - his entertaining story of “The Hawks of Hawk Hollow.” of Rovio etiony oe Aa Yard (8) 116 CHAPTER V. Artificers of the Revolution. John Bourns. Note 31. William Denning. A State monu- ment. WAYNESBORO, ‘Squire John Bourns was a noteworthy man in many respects, and has a rival in another noted patriot of the Cumberland valley in important work which was perform- ed for the American cause during the revolution. It goes without saying that the American army stood in great need of an artillery service, and the men who were so pro- ficient in the art of iron working as to be able to turn this sturdy mineral of the mountain into an engine of warfare SA an were indeed, profitable serv- ants of their country. At his [ee little forge under the shadow of the South mountain, he carried on the business of making wrought iron cannon for use in the revolutionary war, and although he was compelled to share the honor of this work .with another patriotic artificer, yet he is entitled to his full meed of praise. At his little forge at Mid- dlesex, William Denning car- ried on the same _ business, and, more fortunate than his modest competitor, Bourns, ‘A MAN oF Iron. he attracted public attention, and was even, it is said, known not only to the com- mander-in-chief of the American army, but the British commander as well had learned of his exploits. An effort was made to corrupt him with British gold, and to buy his services for the enemy, but no amount of British gold could have corrupted men like Bourns and Denning, or caused them to betray their beloved country. The State of Pennsylvania has recognized, however tardily, the services of Denning by erecting over his grave LOOKING BACKWARD. at Newville a monument, telling of his deeds, but so far, notwithstanding the equal merit of John Bourns, no pub- lic recognition has been made of his services. It is a pleasing story, but alas, it is simply tradition, that the name under which the thriving borough at the foot of the South mountain is now known took its rise from the fact that “mad” Anthony Wayne, the old revolu- . A : i DENNING i jp f [ww Benn AM 4 —— DENNING MONUMENT. tionary general, ere whiles visiting the spot, expressed his admiration for its beauty by exclaiming, “What a beauti- ful place for a town!” It would be a pity to shatter a tradition as pretty as this, and the historian may be excused for withholding his hand, particularly since a native son of the old “burgh” has so beautifully told the story in rhyme. The rhyme is as follows: 117 CHAPTER V. A pleasing tradi- tion. A poet’s interpre- tation thereof. Colonel Smith D. Fry. 118 CHAPTER V. WAYNESBORO. “What a beautiful place for a town!” Said brave “mad” Anthony Wayne, “What. a beautiful place to build up a town!” He said it again and again. A soldier and statesman was Anthony Wayne, A man of well-earned renown; He was blessed with the eyes of a seer to discern “What a beautiful place for a town!” Grand Anthony Wayne has gone to his rest, From the land of the leal looks down, And he says to the angels around him up there, “Look at beautiful Waynesboro town!” The people are proud of their first grand centennial, No king is more proud of his crown; And Anthony Wayne has a pride that’s perennial In beautiful Waynesboro town. So doff every cap and lift every bonnet To Anthony Wayne of renown; We’ll praise him in speech, song, story and sonnet. For giving us Waynesboro town. CHAPTER VI. PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. MOUNTAIN, FOREST AND STREAM. ENNSYLVANIA’S mountains lend a remarkable charm to her natural beauties which is not possessed in like degree by any other of her sister States. There are lacking, it is true, the frequent and high-tower- ing peaks of New England; there is no suggestion of the frowning cliffs, the dark and unfathomable recesses of the Rockies; and the heart of the observer is not stilled by an awe-inspiring grandeur which is inseparable from the stupendous canons and mountain ranges of the far west. Yet the mountain chains of Pennsylvania, clear and bright in the distance, with the color they have borrowed from the sky, as they rise and fall in their gentle undulations, framing in the beauties of valley and plain as with a mighty garland, never fail to awaken the heart of the artist, and to tune the tongue of the poet to song. The mountains of Pennsylvania cover six thousand seven hundred and fifty square miles, or nearly one-sev- enth of the total superficies of the State. The county of Franklin is remarkably begirt by the most attractive of these mountain ranges, and the South Mountain, at whose feet the town of Waynesboro nestles, is the most remarkable of them all. Between the Susquehanna and Potomac rivers this range is termed the South Mountain; in Virginia it forms the Blue Ridge, and, entering the northeast part of Georgia, trending away, it is gradually lost among the sources of the Chattahoochee river. This remarkable chain enters Pennsylvania on its southern line, and, stretching north between Adams and CHAPTER VI. The mountains of Pennsylvania. Note 32. Their extent. The South Mountain. Its appellations. Its rise and course. 120 CHAPTER VI. A Mecca for the lover of nature. Glens and ra- vines. Note 33. How peopled in the past. WAYNESBORO. Franklin counties, reaches the southern angle of Cumber- land, where it turns northward, and, extending towards the Susquehanna river, separates Cumberland from Adams and York counties. About six’miles below Har- risburg it is broken through by the Susquehanna river; again rising below the mouth of the Swatara creek, it crosses the southern angle of Dauphin county; thence, known as the Conewago hills, it separates Lebanon from Lancaster county, enters Berks and reaches the Schuyl- kill river at Reading. It continues through Berks, Le- high and Northampton counties, passes Allentown, Beth- lehem and Easton, below which last named place it is interrupted by the Delaware river. Completing its course, it extends through Sussex county, New York, and is finally terminated in the Shawangunk on the west side of the Hudson river. In the particular vicinity of Waynesboro the South Mountain presents some of its most attractive features. Nature, assisted by Art, has made it possible for the genu- ine lover of natural beauties to find a Mecca in its summit, where the kindly mother of all, enwrapped in her gran- deur, can be worshipped to the fullest. Impressive as is the view of the landscape from the mountain top, no less so are the beauties of the forest- shaded plane, the glens and the ravines which environ its base. Here dark pines and hemlocks, with ferns of tropi- cal growth, deepen into cypress shades, or light up in the glimmering rays of the sun, whilst thin-branched larches spread their boughs like webs of gossamer before the trees of deeper hue. Under all is spread the velvety moss, dotted here and there with numerous springs which sparkle like jewels as they reflect the errant rays of sun- light which pierce the shade. It is easy for the imagination to people the dark spots under the trees, the deep recesses in the mountain side, or the sinuous pathways which lead summit-ward with In A MOUNTAIN GLEN (ROYAL ARCH CASCADES, MOUNT ALTO). 122 CHAPTER VI. Heroes and hero- ines of legendary story and song. The Antietam creek. Note 34, Marsh run. WAYNESBORO. the characters identified with them in the different periods of past existence. Again appears the stalwart form of the dusky Indian. Again is heard, scarcely discernible on the mossy carpet and almost drowned by the laughter of. the neighboring streamlet, his stealthy tread, and, in harmony with the wild cry of the beast of prey from its distant lair, echoes through glen and across glade his shrill war- whoop, and the notes, in minor chord, of his defiant death song. Now, in kaleidoscopic view, passes by the long proces- sion of the heroes and heroines of legendary story and song, which, born of the superstition of a simple folk in the past, people the mountain from the Chattahoochee on the south to the borders of that other romance land on the north, the Catskills. More vivid than all the rest in pano- ramic presentation are the sad episodes of slavery times, when the underground railroad had right of way through this mountain, and many a fugitive, having escaped from his shackles, gazed from its summit upon the north star, which pointed the way to his freedom. To diversify and add additional charms to the surround- ings, two streams of water of almost equal volume, the headwaters of the old Indian creek, the Antietam, born of the mountain springs, seek and find channels which take course through glen and glade, by brooding moun- tain pass, to their junction farther south. The southeastern portion of the county of Franklin is not as well watered as the central and western portions. The east and west branches of the Antietam and, a few miles to the westward, the tributary, Marsh run, are the water features of the Waynesboro locality, which were potent factors in determining the choice of the early settlers. Marsh run, for some distance, forms the natural boun- dary line between Washington and Antrim townships. PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. From the earliest days of the Indian occupation of its banks down to the time when the armies of the blue and gray engaged in deadly conflict for the possession of the old stone bridge which spans its waters near Sharpsburg, Maryland, the Antietam has been a historic stream, and it possesses, as well as the neighboring mountain, its full share of traditional and legendary lore. It seems to be a fitting sequel to the stories which are associated with this locality concerning the cruel entrap- ping of fugitive slaves in the days when capture and return to slavery were sanctioned by law, that, by the banks of the Antietam, should have been fought one of the most important battles of the war which made these slaves free, and by a strange fatality, too, it is a fact that on the banks of the Antietam and in the neighboring glen, sheltered by the South Mountain, was enacted a sad tragedy connected with the first steps which were taken, however ill-advised, to bring about the freedom of the slave. No story of Antietam would be complete which did not recount the tale of the wanderings of the fugitives from the provisional army of old John Brown at Harper’s Ferry, and the tragic capture of Captain John Cook, one of the most daring and reckless of subordinate officers in that ill-fated attempted insurrection. It will not be possible here to tell the story of the Har- per’s Ferry insurrection, which was so closely identified with localities neighboring to Waynesboro; an identifica- tion which was of a most serious character so far as the town of Chambersburg is concerned. It was at Cham- bersburg that John Brown, in disguise and under the as- sumed name of Isaac Smith, carried on some of the most important of his preliminary operations. It was at that point that he received and shipped into the mountains the arms which he was gathering for his intended warfare, 123 CHAPTER VI. An_ historic stream. The battle of Antietam. The wanderings of the Harper’s Ferry insurrec- tionists, and the capture of Cap- tain Cook. 124 CHAPTER VI. The doomed town. Owen Brown. WAYNESBORO. and it was the town of Chambersburg which was the ob- jective point of the fugitives who escaped the vengeance which had been prepared for them by the government which considered their actions nothing short of treason. It is an open secret that the Southern people never for- gave the town of Chambersburg, innocent as it was of any knowledge of the presence of the great conspirator, or of any complicity in his operations, for having, even un- wittingly, harbored him, and when the army of Lee swept northward with thoughts of retaliation upon the North for the destruction of property by its army in the south, the ill-fated town of Chambersburg was remembered for its acquaintance with John Brown, and was doomed to utter destruction. When Owen Brown and his companions made their es- cape from Harper’s Ferry upon the failure of his father to carry out his plan of freeing the slaves, he sought a pathway to the north through the passes and hidden ways of the South Mountain. Of his companions, none seconded his efforts at escape better than Captain John Cook, but, unfor- tunately for the party and most disastrously for him- self, Cook could not restrain his impetuosity and his de- sire to take unwarranted risks. The story of this party’s journeyings through the mountains reads like a CAPTAIN JOHN H. CooK. romance and cannot be told in better language than that of Owen Brown him- self. The entire party, of which Owen Brown was leader, and which were all that were left from the slaughter of that day when the fearful attack was made upon the en- PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. gine house at Harper’s Ferry, consisted, besides Owen Brown, of Barclay Coppoc, Frank J. Merriam, Charles Plummer Tidd, John E. Cook, and Osborne P. Anderson, colored. It is not possible here to follow these fugitives from the time they started until they reached their destination, but it must suffice simply to speak of their wanderings through the South Mountain territory, with which this narrative has to do. The town of Chambersburg was a sort of Mecca for the wanderers, because they believed if they could only reach and pass that place they would be safe. The narrative of Owen Brown is taken up at a point where a locality has been reached that is not far from Chambersburg; the record of the earlier wanderings is omitted: “Before sundown that same afternoon our lives were imperiled in what seemed to me at the time a most wanton manner. Cook had brought with him an old-fashioned, one-barrel horse pistol, once carried by General Wash- ington. Cook got possession of it, when he and Stevens made Colonel Lewis Washington prisoner at Harper's Ferry. Well, Cook took this old pistol and strolled off shooting it around in the neighborhood. This enraged Tidd, who ordered him peremptorily to stop. Cook said he knew what he was doing and would not take orders from him. ‘I am carrying out the story of our being hun- ters,’ Cook said. The quarrel was going on loudly and angrily. They were fast coming to blows and pistol shots when I rushed between them. Coppoc assisted me. Mer- riam lay quietly on the ground. It was not easy work to separate Cook and Tidd, but we finally got them still. They were both fearless men, and had faced many a gun; they agreed to have it out when they could do it without endangering others. There is really no knowing whether one or both of them would not have been killed in this feud, if it had not been for the events of the succeeding day. In the course of that night we came to a wide creek 125 CHAPTER VI. Ralph Keeler in Atlantic Monthly, 1874. Owen Brown’s narrative. Cook’s reckless conduct; and quarrel. 126 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VI. which we had to ford. Cook’s boots came off so hard that I offered to carry him across, if he would cling to my boots and luggage. His weight, the two bundles, four guns, revolvers and ammunition, upon my bare feet on the sharp stones were unendurable. I told Cook I must drop him, and drop him I did, about two-thirds of the way across. He got wet, but kept the guns and ammunition dry. We crossed two valleys and a mountain and got A hard road to 4nto the woods of another mountain before day. I was travel. especially anxious to get as far as possible from the place where Cook had bought provisions. The forest now seemed so extensive that, after resting a while, we thought it safe to go on by daylight; and we traveled on in what we considered the direction of Chambersburg till the middle of the afternoon, seeing no traces of inhabit- ants. All day long, whenever Cook and I would get a little in advance of the others, he talked to me about his quarrel with Tidd, making threats against him. His an- ger seemed to increase rather than decrease. He talked also a great deal about the prospective meeting with his wife and boy in Chambersburg. I remember as if it were yesterday, I told him his imprudence would be so great that he would never see his wife and child again. We stopped at a clear spring that afternoon, and ate the last of the provisions bought the day before. Then the boys said it would be a good time to go and get a new supply. More earnestly than ever I tried to dissuade them, but to no purpose. They outnumbered me. Coppoc wanted to go this time. I said, since they were deter- Cook goes for Mined that somebody must go, Cook was the man most provisions and fitted for the mission, and I gave him money, and the same red silk handkerchief. He left everything but one re- volver, and took his leave of us, as nearly as we could judge, between three and four o’clock in the afternoon. As I have told you before, we had no timepiece in the party. I don’t know whether it was before or after this, that we lost all reckoning of the days of the week. That will be my excuse if I have got them wrong in this narra- tive, and that, too, will give you some idea how bewilder- ing fatigue is, and hunger, and a couple of States on the lookout for you, eager for your blood. Cook hadn’t been gone long when two ravens flew over our heads, croaking PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. dismally. You may think it queer, but it struck every one of us as a bad omen. We waited until dusk, but Cook did not return; we waited till dark and_ star- light, still he did not come; we waited till nine o’clock, till midnight, and still he did not come. He might have got lost, we thought; and we lingered about, calling and watching for him till at least two o’clock in the morning. Cook never came. We knew nothing of his fate till more than a week af- terwards, when, as I shall tell you farther on, we got hold of a newspaper one night at a Pennsylvania farm house, and read of his capture. I have heard since that, going along in a clearing, he came upon two men chopping wood, and told his hunting-party story to them, asking where to buy food. They appeared very friendly, offering to go and show the way; and they walked along talking socially, one on each side of him. The report says—but I do not believe it—that Cook told them who he was. At a given signal they rushed upon him, seizing him by the arms. ‘They must have taken some such advantage of him, for if he had had half a chance he would have killed them both. He was, as I have told you, I think, already, the quickest and best shot with a pistol I ever saw. Any- how, poor Cook was taken that night to the Chambers- burg jail, fifteen miles away. We knew we were about fifteen miles from Chambersburg, because Tidd had gone —very recklessly and without consulting us—down to the road that afternoon, and asked a man who happened to be passing. The nearest village, the man said, if my bad memory of names does not deceive me, was called the Old Forge. ‘The name of one of Cook’s captors I have for- gotten, the name of the other was Hughes. They got the heavy reward offered for him, and drank it up in bad whiskey, as I have heard, and were both killed in the rebel army.” The story of the capture of Captain Cook has never been more truthfully and graphically told than by the gentleman who acted as Cook’s legal adviser when the un- fortunate man was brought to Chambersburg a prisoner. It is from an interesting story by him that the facts upon 127 CHAPTER VI. News of his cap- ture. Col. Alexander K. McClure. Story of the cap- ture. 128 CHAPTER VI. Cook goes to his fate. His delivery to justice. WAYNESBORO. which the following narrative of the capture is based are derived. When Captain Cook left his companions the last time to go in search of food, he wandered down the mountain and entered a ravine, where he suddenly came into the presence of a number of men, belonging to the Mont Alto furnace company, who were engaged at work there under the supervision of Cleggett Fitzhugh, who was manager of the furnace, and a man with strong southern sympa- thies. There happened there at the same time one, Daniel Logan, who had stopped for a brief conversation with Fitzhugh. Of Daniel Logan and his brother, Hugh, Col- onel McClure speaks as follows: “Among the sturdy population of the mountaineers on the southern Pennsylvania border was a family of Loyans. There were two brothers, both shrewd, quiet, resolute men, both strongly Southern in their sympathies, both natural detectives, and both trained in the summary ren- dition of fugitive slaves without process of law. It was common for slaves to escape from Maryland and Virginia into the South Mountain, whose broken spurs and ex- tended wings of dense forest gave them reasonably safe retreat. Their escape would be followed by hand-bills, describing the fugitives and offering rewards for their capture and return. These offers of rewards always found their way into the hands of Daniel and Hugh Logan, and many fleeing sons of bondage were arrested by them and quietly returned to their masters.” The unfortunate star of Cook was certainly in the as- cendancy when he came so unexpectedly into the pres- ence of this company. ‘The story which he told them was plausible enough, and might have satisfied an ordinary wayfarer, but men like Logan and Fitzhugh could not be deceived by it. They saw that this was no ordinary hun- ter from the mountains. It was Logan’s keen detective instinct which at once suggested Captain Cook, and caused him to silently communicate the information to his “OYOESANAVM YVAN-WVLSAILNVY YSRAO 350I¥a G10 “OYOESANAVM AO AYOLSIH PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. companion. Cook’s request that they would inform him where he could obtain provisions was at once answered by Logan with all the coolness of his nature, and he im- mediately proposed that they go to his store, which had no existence in fact, for the supply of provisions needed. The manner of his reception threw the wily Cook entirely off his guard, and never dreaming that his identity was even suspected, or that he was walking into a death-trap, he fell in between the two men to go in the direction in- dicated by Logan, and, before he was aware of even an antagonistic thought on the part of his companions, his arms were pinioned, his weapons were useless, and all his cool bravery and daring of no avail. He was told, in re- ply to his demand why they had arrested him, that he was Captain Cook, and, substantially admitting the fact, he tried his best to purchase his freedom from Logan by of- fering him an amount largely in excess of the reward which had been laid upon his head; but he was not in position to prove to Logan that the promises which he made could be carried out; so he was taken to Chambers- burg, and through a combination of unfortuitous circum- stances which prevented Logan from finding Colonel Mc- Clure and taking his advice before he was compelled to make known the fact to the officers of justice that he had captured Captain Cook, the brave young outlaw fell fast into the clutches of the law. Well advised plans were prepared to aid Cook in mak- ing his escape, but the untimely arrival of an officer of justice with a requisition which had been prepared in the name of Captain Cook for the arrest of another party whose identity with him had been mistaken, set all these plans at naught, and the unfortunate young adventurer was taken away from the jail in Chambersburg back to Virginia, and there paid the penalty of his misguided con- duct. Kind hearts were touched by the sad story of his fate, but, as an officer holding a commission under John 131 CHAPTER VI. He is over- powered. Plans for his es- cape. His sad fate. 132 CHAPTER VI. Waynesboro’s caves, D. M. Kennedy, in McCauley’s History. WAYNESBORO. Brown in his plan of insurrection, he came within the meaning of the law which declared him to be a traitor to his country, and his punishment followed as a natural consequence. Among the other natural beauties, or rather, more properly speaking, natural curiosities about Waynesboro are the “Caves.” Brief descriptions of these caves have appeared from time to time, but the one which seems to most concisely describe them is that upon which the fol- lowing description is based: The largest of these caves is near the Maryland line, about one and one-half miles southeast of Waynesboro. This cave lies at the northern extermity of a high ridge, running northeast by southwest. The entrance is at the base of the ridge, and leads in a southerly direction, being not exactly parallel, with the course of the hill itself. The entrance of the cave is only large enough for two persons to walk in at once, by stooping a little. On passing through the entrance an apparent vestibule, of say thirty feet in diameter, and fifteen to eighteen feet high, is reached. Then ascending a few steps just opposite the entrance, a defile averaging about four feet wide, and seven to nine feet high, extends to a distance of about one hundred yards, to a clear and beautiful stream of water, gushing up from between the wall of rocky formation, on the east side of the passage. This stream then takes the regular course of the cave, which seemingly becomes nar- rower, and the water shows a considerable depth. Crossing this subterraneous stream, and clambering up a short distance a small room is found, very interesting and beautiful, being ornamented with innumerable crystal formations—stalactites and stalagmites— which sparkle profusely, when illuminated by the light of torches or candles. Just over this little room there is an opening, into another passage, similar to the first, already de- scribed, leading to a distance of perhaps one hundred and PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. thirty yards, when it becomes so narrow as to render fur- ther exploration impossible. The cave, from beginning to end, is one of much interest. It is commonly known as “Needy's Cave.” There is also a very remarkable series of underground passages, or miniature caves, under certain portions of the town of Waynesboro. The entrances into these caves are through arches in the foundation walls of a number of houses of West Main street, the south side. These arched entrances are used in summer as refrigerators, being made very cool by a constant current of air from the caves. The best entrances are in the cellars of Dr. J. N. Snively and Mrs. Sarah Brotherton. Strange to say, these passages well represent the streets of a town, leading in numerous directions, and often crossing each other at right angles, thus enabling visitors to start at a given point, and, proceeding around, again return to the place of starting. (9) 133 CHAPTER VI. Underground passages in Waynesboro. CHAPTER VIL. Town council. Note 35. 1852. May 5, 1853. May 9, 1854. May 2, 1855. May 7, 1856. May 9, 1857. CHAPTER VII. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP, MEN AND AFFAIRS IN CIVIL LIFE. ROM the very inception of the settlement at Waynesboro there seemed to be a healthy tone to the community. The early settlers were repre- .sentative men, and as a consequence their descendants soon became closely identified with the more important affairs of life. It is unfortunate that the earliest records of the bor- ough are not accessible. As has been stated in an earlier chapter, Waynesboro came under the provisions of the general borough act at the time of its adoption. From that time to the present the borough organization has been as follows: H. M. Sibbet, president; Josiah Besore; Jacob Adams; David Hoeflich; Levi Sanders; M. M. Stoner, secretary. William Shinefield, burgess; John Bell, president; Jo- seph Cooper; George Fourthman; Michael Row; D. B. Russell; M. M. Stoner, secretary. E. S. Troxel, burgess; Henry Stonehouse, president ; Jacob Adams; Joseph H. Crebs; Joseph Bender; William L. Hamilton; M. M. Stoner, secretary. Joseph Cooper, burgess; Hugh M. Sibbet, president; J. G. Besore; W. S. Hollinberger; A. S. Adams; Peter Benedict; M. M. Stoner, secretary. Joseph Cooper, burgess; Samuel Rider, president; Ja- cob Adams; David Hoeflich; George Fourthman; John S. Besore; M. M. Stoner, secretary. W. F. Horner, burgess; J. R. Welsh, president; Jacob REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. Shover; Josiah Besore; Michael Hanstine; John Har- baugh; M. M. Stoner, secretary. Adam Dysert, burgess; Joseph H. Crebs, president; Henry Stonehouse; David Hahn; John Gilbert, Jr.; David Shoop; M. M. Stoner, secretary. George Besore, burgess; Joseph H. Crebs, president ; Henry Stonehouse; John Gilbert, Jr.; William Blair; Hiram Snyder; M. M. Stoner, secretary. W. F. Horner, burgess; George Fourthman, presi- dent; David Hoeflich; Jacob Adams; D. B. Russell; George J. Balsley; M. M. Stoner, secretary. Joseph H. Crebs, burgess; George Fourthman, presi- dent; Jacob Adams; J. R. Welsh; John A. Straley; D. B. Russell; Jacob B. Resser, secretary. Henry Unger, burgess; George Fourthman, president; George Bender; Daniel Firmwalt; John J. Irwin; Jerome Beaver; Jacob B. Resser, secretary. J. R. Welsh, burgess; David Hahn, president; Joseph Bender; Lewis K. Morrison; George Harbaugh; Joseph W. Miller; Peter Grumbine, secretary. Henry Stonehouse, burgess ; William L. Hamilton, pres- ident; William E. Flanagan; Jacob Beaver; Joseph Ben- der; J. W. Miller; J. H. Welsh, secretary. George Fourthman, burgess; Lewis Detrich, presi- dent; Daniel Geiser; Joseph H. Crebs; W. G. Smith; Hugh M. Sibbet; Peter Grumbine, secretary. J. R. Welsh, burgess; George Morganthall, president; Samuel Rider; F. Fourthman; Jacob Crouse; Daniel D. Firmwalt; Peter Grumbine, secretary. Hugh M. Sibbet, burgess; Hiram Snyder, president; H. C. Gilbert; Peter Dock; George Fourthman; George Harbaugh (of G.); Philip R. Welsh, secretary. William G. Smith, burgess; David Hoeflich, president ; David Rider; William L. Hamilton; Joseph W. Miller; H. C. Gilbert; Geo. W. Welsh, secretary. George Fourthman, burgess; David Hoeflich, presi- 135 CHAPTER VII. May May May May May May May May May May May May 7, 1858. 16, 1859 11, 1860. 18, 1861. 10, 1862. 11, 1863. 26, 1864, 19, 1865. 15, 1866. 13, 1867. 9, 1868. 10, 1869. 136 CHAPTER VII. December 4, 1869 October 27, 1870. May 14, 1872. May 7, 1873. May 16, 1874. May 3, 1875. May 13, 1876. April 9, 1877. April 3, 1878. April 7, 1879. April 5, 1880. WAYNESBORO. dent; John W. Coon; F. Fourthman; Thomas S. Cun- ningham; W. A. Reid; Geo. W. Welsh, secretary. George Harbaugh (of G.), burgess; T. I. Filbert, president: John F. Johnston; David Hahn; Jacob Beaver; F. Fourthman; J. B. Hamilton, secretary. ‘ John Bell, burgess; William L. Hamilton, president ; T. I. Filbert; Hiram Snyder; William I. Bikle; F. Fourth- man; Jno. B. Hamilton, secretary. J. W. Miller, burgess; W. F. Grove, president ; William I. Bikle; G. W. McGinley; F. Fourthman; A. D. Mor- ganthall; J. B. Hamilton, secretary. A. H. Strickler, burgess; Samuel Rider, president; Ja- son Bell; W. A. Reid; Peter Dock; George Middour; A. B. Stoler, secretary. E. W. Washabaugh, burgess; G. W. McGinley, presi- dent; J. F. Reininger; Samuel Rider; David Rider; Sam- uel Hoeflich; A. B. Stoler, secretary. Joseph Walter, burgess; J. F. Reininger, president; James P. Wolff; George Harbaugh (of G.); George Boerner; George Pilkington; A. B. Stoler, secretary. Joseph Walter, burgess; George G. Pilkington, presi- dent; John F. Johnston; Andrew Wilson; David Rider; J. R. Wolfersberger; A. B. Stoler, secretary. Samuel. Hoeflich, burgess; H. C. Bonebrake, president ; J. R. Wolfersberger; J. F. Reininger; George Harbaugh (of G.); Daniel Hoover; A. B. Stoler, secretary. Samuel P. Stoner, burgess; J. R. Wolfersberger, presi- dent; J. F. Reininger; G. W. McGinley; H. G. Bone- brake; John S. Funk; A. B. Stoler, secretary. William A. Price, burgess; Michael Hanstine, presi- dent; Jacob Kriner; F. J. Beard; A. H. Rowe; Lambert Sanders; A. B. Stoler, secretary. A. D. Morganthall, burgess and president; T. S. Bren- isholts; Daniel Johnston; G. W. McGinley; F. S. Cun- ningham; George G. Pilkington; William B. Dock; A. B. Stoler, secretary. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. 137 Joseph Walter, burgess and president; F. S. Brenis- cHaprer vu. holts; John S$. Funk; William I. Bikle; W. A. Hanstine; April 4, 1881. J. F. Reininger; Simon Lecron; A. B. Stoler, secretary. Joseph Walter, burgess and president; Henry Wallace; 4?" % 188. David Hoeflich; Samuel Hoeflich; W. A. Hanstine; W F. Grove; George Pilkington; Alf. N. Russell, secretary. -\. H. Rowe, burgess and president; Joseph Stickell; 4°" ® 1°: D. B. Martin; J. W. Wheler; G. G. Shively; J. J. Lecron; A. J. George; Alf. N. Russell, secretary. A. H. Rowe, burgess and president; A. J. George; 4? % 78%. James P. Lowell; J. W. Wheler; Fred. Sotters; John D. Frederic; J. A. Keepers; Alf. N. Russell, secretary. J. F. Reininger, burgess and president; A. J. George; James P. Lowell; J. W. Wheler; R. Shover; W. S. Am- berson; J. H. Gehr; Alf. N. Russell, secretary. W. G. Smith, burgess and president; James P. Lowell; R. Shover; W. S. Amberson; J. H. Gehr; T. S. Cunning- ham; A. E. Price; Alf. N. Russell, secretary. W. G. Smith, burgess and president; R. Shover; WS, Meh 7 1887. Amberson; John J. Miller; Samuel Hoeflich; T. S$. Cun- ningham; A. E. Price; J. S. Gordon, secretary. John R. Hoeflich, burgess and president; J. W. Spang- ler; F. S. Brenisholts; Jacob J. Miller; John J. Miller; Samuel Hoeflich; A. S. Bonebrake; J. S. Gordon, secre- tary. John R. Hoeflich, burgess and president; G. W. Mc- Mareh 4, 1889. Ginley; A. S. Bonebrake; F S. Brenisholts; J. W. Spang- ler; John J. Miller; Samuel Hoeflich; Jas. S. Gordon, sec- retary. William G. Smith, burgess and president; A. S. Bone- March 9 1890. brake; F. S. Brenisholts; P. N. Brumbaugh; G. W. Mc- Ginley, Daniel Johnston; J. W. Spangler; J. R. Wolfkill, secretary. C. M. Funk, burgess and president; F. S. Brenisholts; Match 2 1891. D. S. Lesher; A. S. Bonebrake; P. N. Brumbaugh; Daniel Johnston; A. N. Russell, secretary. March 2, 1885. March 1, 1886. March 5, 1888. 138 CHAPTER VII. March 7, 1892. March 6, March 5, March 4, March 2, March 5, March 7, March 6, March 5, 1822. 1893. 1894, 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. Postmasters. Note 36. WAYNESBORO. C. M. Funk, burgess and president; A. O. Frick; F. S. Brenisholts; H. 5. Werdebaugh; F. J. Dukehart; Daniel Johnston; P. N. Brumbaugh; A. N. Russell, secretary. J. H. Stoner, burgess and president; John G. Corbett; F. J. Dukehart; F. S. Brenisholts; J. N. Price; H. S. Werdebaugh; A. O. Frick; A. N. Russell, secretary. J. H. Stoner, burgess; John G. Corbett, president; A. O. Frick; F. J. Dukehart; D. H. McGinley; J. N. Price: J. H. Grath; Jas. S. Gordon, secretary. J. H. Stoner, burgess; John G. Corbett, president; J. H. Grath; Joseph H. Ziegler; J. N. Price; A. H. Rowe; D. H. McGinley; Jas. $. Gordon, secretary. J. H. Stoner, burgess; A. H. Rowe, president; D. H. McGinley; W. H. Mentzer; J. H. Grath; Joseph H. Zeig- ler; E. W. Washabaugh; James S. Gordon, secretary. J. C. Criswell, burgess; A. H. Rowe, president; W. H. Brown; W. H. Mentzer; Joseph H. Zeigler; E. W. Wash- abaugh; Chas. F. Koons; James S. Gordon, secretary. J. C. Criswell, burgess; E. W. Washabaugh, president ; W. H. Brown; W. H. Mentzer; J. B. Wallace; C. F. Stein; C. F. Koons; Jas. S. Gordon, secretary. J. C. Criswell, burgess; W. H. Brown, president; C. F. Stein; W. J. Foltz; J. H. Deardorff; J. B. Wallace; C. F. Koons; James S. Gordon, secretary. Bernard H. Foreman, burgess; C. F. Stein, president; J. H. Deardorff; J. B. Wallace; N. J. Foltz; H. T. Rout- son; W. H. Brown, Jr.; S. C. Plank, secretary. The original name of Waynesburg continued in official use for some years, when Waynesboro became the official name of the town. The following is a complete list of the postmasters of Waynesburg and Waynesboro from the beginning until the present time: While the town was known as Waynesburg, Michael Stoner was the postmaster. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. 139 The name was then changed to Waynesboro, and the CHAPTER vi. postmasters in the order of their appointment, were: Michael Stoner, Joseph Deardorff, James Walker, Michael .M. Stoner, John W. Stoner, James Brotherton, James Brotherton, Jr., Jacob R. Welsh, Thomas G. Pilkington, Nancy Pilkington, Andrew G. Nevin, Jacob R. Welsh, Andrew G. Nevin, Matilda R. Nevin, George Middour, James P. Lowell, Andrew S. Bonebrake, Alexander D. Morganthall and Silas E. Dubbell. In the legal fraternity the town has been well represent- ed, as the following list will show: Joseph Douglas, removed to Washington Territory, where he died; George W. Welsh, deceased; Lewis W. Detrich, deceased; N. Bruce Martin; W. T. Omwake; J. R. Ruthrauff; Charles Walter; James B. Raby. The following is a list of ministers of the gospel from the single township of Washington, of which Waynes- boro is the center, natives of either town or township. Their denominational relation at the time they entered the ministry is given: Reformed: Andrew P. Frieze, Jeremiah Heller, Hen- ry Harbaugh, Daniel Gans, George B. Russell, A. Carl Whitmer, Christian C. Russell, Simon S. Miller, Joseph H. Johnston, George H. Johnston, Josiah D. Detrich, George B. Resser, Charles H. Coon, James W. Gilland, William H. Lecron, Harvey Mickley. Lutheran: David Harbaugh, Daniel Summers, Daniel Beckner, Michael Jacobs, Frederick Benedict, Henry Weixel, William Keckler, Clarence Eyler, Dixon H. Geis- er and Julius Seebach. Presbyterian: Robert Hoover and Smith Barnes. Methodist: John Morehead, Henry Stonehouse, and Henry L. Besore. Bishop McFarland, very prominent in the Roman Cath- olic Church, was also brought up here. Lawyers. Clergymen. 140 CHAPTER VII. WAYNESBORO. The medical fraternity is well represented in the history Medical fraternity, Of the town and township. The following is a list of the Note 37. Local and corporations manufacturing companies. The pany. Frick com- names of physicians who were located and practiced medi- cine in Waynesboro from the time of its founding up to the present time: John Liggett, John Oellig, Sr., John Oellig, Jr., James Brotherton, Sr., James Brotherton, Jr., Thomas Walker, Washington A. Harbaugh, Andrew Het- rich, Sydneham Walker, Daniel Benedict, George E. Out- hit, Edwin A. Hering, George W. Boteler, John A. Bouse, A. S. Tinges, Edmund S. Showers, homeopathic. The following are now in active practice: Benjamin Frantz, Joseph Frantz, Isaac N. Snively, John M. Ripple, James Burns Amberson, Abraham H. Strickler, Abra- ham Barr Snively, Aaron B. Sollenberger, John W. Croft, Percy D. Hoover, Rebecca P. Laughlin, Walter Pearre, homeopathic, Nevie C. Detrich, homeopathic. The growth of local corporations and particularly of industrial institutions in Waynesboro has been phenome- nal. The town has forged far ahead of the older towns in the valley in this respect and, to-day, presents one of the most busy industrial centers to be found anywhere in the State. While it is not possible in the outline of the history of the town to give a detailed account of these different insti- tutions, yet it is believed that a record of their names and the character of the work performed by them, with lists of their present officers, will be matters of interest. In the manufacture of steam engines and grain thresh- ers, and other agricultural machinery, the Frick Com- pany has been prominent and successful. The personnel of that company follows: Officers: S. B. Rinehart, president; Dr. A. H. Strickler, vice-president; Ezra Frick, general manager and _ sec- retary; H. B. Strickler, treasurer; A. H. Hutchinson, REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. manager ice machine department; A. O. Frick, mana- ger sales department, Corliss and automatic engines, etc.: J. H. Deardorff, manager sales department, trac- tion and portable engines, etc.; S. H. Brown, manager transportation department; J. B. Raby, attorney and manager, collection department. Directors: S. B. Rinehart; Dr. A. H. Strickler; Ezra Frick; A. O. Frick; Daniel Tritle; A. F. Rohrer; W. H. Snyder; J. S. Lesher; J. G. Corbett; E. O. Blair. A successful rival of the Frick Company in the manu- facture of machinery, engines, etc., is The Geiser Manu- facturing Company. The officers and directors of this company are as follows: Officers: A. E. Price, president; A. D. Morganthall, vice-president; J. J. Oller, treasurer; J. A. Middower, secretary; D. M. Good, Jr., general manager; George B. Beaver, manager, transportation department; A. H. Dear- dorff, manager, collection department. Directors: A. E. Price; J. J. Oller; Daniel Hoover; A. D. Morganthall; D. M. Good, Jr.; J. A. Garrett; George B. Beaver; S. M. Kitzmiller; J. R. Oller. Other corporations are the following: The American Manufacturing Company. Officers: Dr. F. S. Brenisholts, president; Dr. A. H. Strickler, vice- president; E. B. Fahrney, secretary and treasurer. Direc- tors: Dr. F. S. Brenisholts, Dr. A. H. Strickier, R. Shover, J. S. Lesher, W. H. Brown, Jr., E. B. Fahrney, Clayton Philips. Landis Tool Company, manufacturers of all kinds of tools. Officers: Dr. A. H. Strickler, president; Daniel Hoover, vice-president; J. Elmer Frantz, secretary and ‘treasurer; A. B. Landis, general superintendent; W. T. Omwake, attorney. Directors: Dr. A. H. Strickler, 141 CHAPTER VIL. The Geiser Manu- facturing Company. The American Manufacturing Company. The Landis Tool Company. 142 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII. Daniel Hoover, S. B. Rinehart, Ezra Frick, W. H. Sny- der, F. Forthman, R. Shover, T. B. Smith, W. T. Omwake. Smith Manufacturing Company, George W. Smith, president. Other industries. Decarbonated Lime and Stone Company, Reuben Shover, president. Emmert Vise Company, J. F. and J. C. Emmert, pro- prietors. Waynesboro Hosiery Mills, D. F. Beaver, proprietor. Pen-Mar Distillery, J. C. Clugston, proprietor. Electric Clock Works, Frederick Frick, proprietor. Banks and savings 'T‘he Waynesboro Savings Fund Society was organized with the following officers: George Jacobs, president; The Waynesboro John Nill, treasurer; Dr. Thomas Walker, secretary. Society, “Organized Directors: George Jacobs, John Funk (of H.), Jacob S. Sechrist, Henry C. Funk, Abram Frantz, Henry Besore, si Aes Joseph Elden, John Ditch, Dr. Thomas Walker, George Besore, John Price, John Philips, W. S. Amberson. This bank liquidated and was succeeded by the First National Bank, Bank. “Organ The First National Bank, of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, pe se No. 244, was organized with the following officers: George Jacobs, president; John Philips, cashier. Direc- tors: George Jacobs, Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Mick- ley, John Price, Samuel Frantz, Henry Good, George Be- sore, W. S. Amberson, James H. Clayton. This bank January 29, 189. Went into liquidation and consolidated with the People’s National Bank. The Feorked The People’s National Bank, of Waynesboro, Pennsyl- Oreanized Reve Ts varia. Officers: Daniel Hoover, president; W. T, Om- wake, vice-president; J. H. Stoner, cashier. Directors: Joseph H. Crebs, Ferdinand Forthman, D. M. Good, Jr., Melchor Elden, W. T. Omwake, Benjamin F. Welty,. Daniel Hoover, Samuel Hoeflich, Henry Rinehart, Jacob 1863. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. F. Good, Ezekiel Elden, Dr. A. S. Bonebrake, Jere F. Zul- linger. The Bank of Waynesboro.. Officers: J. J. Oller, presi- dent; A. E. Price, vice-president; M. E. Sollenberger, 185 cashier. Directors: J. J. Oller, C. H. Buhrman, J. M. Newcomer, A. E. Price, I. E. Yost, Franklin Miller, J. M. Wolff, D. M. Baker, B. R. Summer, J. B. Long, Dr. Wal- ter Pearre, William H. Brown, S. M. Kitzmiller. The Waynesboro Dime Savings Fund and Trust Com- pany. Officers: D. S. Lesher, president; John G. Cor- bett, vice-president; James S. Gordon, secretary and treasurer. Directors: D. 8. Lesher, John G. Corbett, J. W. Newcomer, J. S. Lesher, A. W. Ruthrauff, Hiram Detrow, 8S. G. Hollinger, John H. Shank, J. W. Foreman. This bank consolidated with the Bank of Waynesboro. The Waynesboro Electric Light and Power Company was organized by popular subscription. Capital stock, fii- teen thousand dollars. Officers: Ferdinand Forthman, president; Ezekiel Elden, vice-president; John J. Miller, secretary; W. T. Omwake, treasurer; J. F. Geiser, gen- eral superintendent. Directors: Ferdinand Forthman John J. Miller, J. F. Geiser, E. W. Washabaugh, J. F. Zullinger, Daniel Hoover, Ezekiel Elden. The Waynesboro Gas Company. Capital stock, twen- ty-five thousand dollars. This company was re-organ- ized, when the entire capital stock was absorbed by local purchasers. Officers: J. C. Criswell, D. D. S., president; T. B. Smith, secretary; J. H. Stoner, treasurer. Direc- tors: J. C. Criswell, T. B. Smith, J. H. Stoner, John M. Wolff, H. C. Criswell, W. H.Middlekauff, J. W. Clugston. The Waynesboro Water Company. Capital stock, eighty thousand dollars. On the death of George S. Moyer, of Philadelphia, who held all but a few shares of 143 CHAPTER VII. The Bank of Waynesboro. Organized Jan. 4, The Waynesboro Dime Savings Fund and Trust Com- pany. Organized May 5, 1896. Light and water companies. The Waynesboro Electric Light and Power Com- pany. Incorporated May 5, 1891 The Waynesboro Gas Company. Inorporated in 1882. Reorganized Au- gust, 1899. The Waynesboro Water Company. Incorporated in 1882. Reorganized Au- gust, 1889. 144 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER Vil. the stock, this company was re-organized, when the entire capital stock was absorbed by local capitalists. Officers: W. T. Omwake, president; I. E. Yost, secretary; Reuben Shover, treasurer. Directors: W. T. Omwake, Reu- ben Shover, I. E. Yost, Daniel Hoover, M. E. Sollenber- ger, J. H. Neal, David H. Hoover. The water is brought from Bailey's spring, on the South Mountain, six miles distant. Teepe coan*® The Pennsylvania Telephone Company has an exchange Tnstituted in 1ss2, in full operation established in Waynesboro in connection with the Chesapeake and Potomac Company, of Mary- land. It was operated as a separate exchange for several years, when, with the building of the line from Carlisle to Waynesboro, via Chambersburg, connection was made with Harrisburg. Officers: A. R. Shellenberger, presi- dent; I. J. Lerch, general superintendent ; M. H. Buehler, general manager; J. H. Crosman, Jr., secretary and treas- urer; L. H. Kinnard, Jr., superintendent; W. J. C. Jacobs, local manager. eres Tose'es, The Waynesboro Board of Trade. Managers: J. R. Ruthrauff, J. H. Stoner, I. E. Yost, J. M. Wolff, Val. Smith, Dr. A. H. Strickler, Simon Wiener, J. H. Dear- dorff, J. J. Oller, D. M. Good, Reuben Shover, H. E. Hoke, W. T. Omwake, H. J. Mentzer, J. B. Long. Of- ficers: J. R. Ruthrauff, president; J. J. Oller, first vice- president; I. E. Yost, second vice-president; D. M. Good, third vice-president; J. H. Stoner, fourth vice- president; J. B. Long, secretary; WW T. Omwake, treas- urer. Standing committees: first, finance, publication and statistics; second, municipal affairs and legislation; third, transportation and commerce; fourth, manufact- ures and real estate. The vice-presidents in their order are the chairmen of the committees. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. The Waynesboro Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 219. The present membership is one hundred and fifty-seven, and total enrollment to date, four hundred and thirty-four. Officers: FE. B. Fahrney, noble grand; G. F. Bender, vice grand; \W. I. Bikle and R. Shover, secretaries; Alf. N. Russell, treasurer; H. H. Leidig, Reuben Shover, S. B. Gilbert, trustees; W. I. Bikle, representative to Grand Lodge. Amount paid in benefits during the past ten years, five thousand six hundred and seventy-three dollars and twenty-five cents. Benefits paid in the last year, eight hundred and nineteen dollars and fifty cents. Meets Tuesday evenings at Odd Fellows’ Hall, East Main street. The Widow’s Friend Encampment, I. O. O. F., No. 71. Officers: Robert Catrow, first presiding officer; 5. B. Gilbert, present presiding officer; D. B. Russell, first scribe; Alf. N. Russell, present scribe; J. \W Geyer, H. P.; J. D. Delaplaine, S. W.; John L. Geist, J. W.; D. N. Stephey, treasurer. The admitted membership since or- ganization is eighty-one, and present membership twenty- three. Meets in I. O. O. F. Hall on the second and fourth Friday evenings of each month. The Uncas Tribe, 101, Red Men. Officers: G. F. Lidy, first presiding officer; C. G. Rowe, sachem; W. T. Bals- ley, S. Sagaman; H. L. Miner; J. Sagaman; J. W. Corbett. prophet; E. J. Greenawalt, chief recorder; W. A. Han- stine, keeper, wampum; J. W. Shaffer, guard, wigwam; D. C. Shank, guard, forest. Present membership, seventy- eight, and number enrolled since organization, three hundred and eleven. Amount paid in sick benefits during the last year, one hundred and forty-three dollars and eighty-five cents. Charter members: G. F. Lidy, William A. Price, William Hanstine, J. B. Russell, F. Forthman, D. J. Rhea, C. H. Dickle, J. Woolard, G. B. Beaver, C. N. Beaver, G. G. Pilkington, J. L. Weagley, L. C. Rhea, W. I. Bikle, H. Detrow,J. B. French, A. A. French. 145 CHAPTER VII. Civic societies. The Waynesbor Lodge, I. 0. O. F 1847. The Widow’s Friend Encamp- ment, I. 0. O. F., No. 71. Instituted May 17, 1848. Reinstituted April 11, 1884. The Uncas Tribe, 101, Red Men. Instituted May 11, 1869. 146 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII. The George Washington Lodge, No. 487, Knights of The George Wash- Pythias. Present membership, one hundred and eight, ie ae *°. and total enrollment to date, two hundred and three, num- Tastitutea March 7, ber of members deceased since organization, seven.The first presiding officer was Simon Weiner, and the first secretary was A. D. Morganthall. Officers: J. E. Stout, chancellor, commander; Charles Waynant, vice-chan- cellor; J. F. Reininger, prelate; J. R. Hoffman, master of work; D. B. Royer, keeper of records and seal; J. H. Bowers, master of finance; C. B. Clayton, master of ex- chequer; William T. Balsley, master at arms; John N. Seltzer, inside guard; B. M. Kauffman, outside guard. Paid benefits last year of two hundred dollars. Meets every Thursday evening at Odd Fellows’ Hall, east Main street. Charter members: James P. Lowell, George B. Beaver, Simon Weiner, William and bloom like the rose,” and to be fit for enjoyment in the peace and happiness of the present day. The causes which brought about the in- flamed condition of the savage mind within the . borders of Pennsylvania, and the inert and selfish policy which at the outset temporized with the dan- ger and by daily inaction fostered the rapidly grow- ing evil, are themes full of interest, but having no place in this narrative. In the individual and or- ganized efforts which were Sit’ bereceg-- made to defend against AT PEACE. and punish these treach- eries, the settlers of the Cumberland Valley acquitted 197 CHAPTER VIII. Sacrifices of the past. Loudon’s Narrative. Pritz’s Border Life. An evil fostered by ‘inertness. 158 CHAPTER VIII. The story of local outrages. 755. 1763-1764, In the Waynesboro locality. Recorded outrages. 1756, Aug. 27. July 9, 1757. Loudon’s Narrative. WAYNESBORO. themselves like men, at times with little or no assistance from the Government. To localize the story of these Indian outrages and fit the tale to the particular section of the valley which now claims attention is not to be thought of, but so far as vague and uncertain traditions and the suggestions of written narrative will furnish facts concerning one or two local happenings, they will be given. The particular periods when the Cumberland Valley, in common with the other frontier settlements, suffered most from Indian outrages were just after the defeat of General Braddock, and immediately succeeding the out- break of the so-called Pontiac war. As has been before stated, the Waynesboro locality, al- beit the South Mountain furnished safe hiding-places for the savage, did not so frequently suffer from their mur- derous incursions as the more exposed parts of the valley to the westward and northward, yet the recorded reports, meager as they are, and the personal narratives of mur- ders and outrages committed during the terrible years which measured up the decade following Braddock’s de- feat, refer to this locality in entries like the following: “The Indians took one person from the South Moun- tain.” “Trooper Wilson’s son killed at Antietam creek.” “T presume this,” says the narrator, John McCullough, “tohave been the man that I mentioned Ben Dickson shot, and shaked his scalp at his father when he was creeping up to shoot a deer.” The narrator’s complete story of this oc- currence is as follows: “I have often heard Mus-sooh- whese, or Ben Dickson, relate that he had been around murdering, but was not satisfied with what he had done, because one white man had outrun him and made his escape, notwithstanding he had shot at him when he was jumping over a fence not more than four or five steps IN WAR TIMES. from him. He, therefore, left the company and went to another part of the settlement where he sulked about for sometime. At last, being at the side of a creek one morn- ing he saw a deer in the water, which he thought he would kill. Whilst he was creeping up to the deer he heard a rustle in the leaves close by him. On looking up he saw a white man creeping towards the deer, whom he shot instantly on the spot and pulled off his scalp. An old man, whom he supposed to be the father of the man he killed, came running towards him, hallooing at him if he had killed a deer; as Dickson could speak the English language perfectly well he answered, ‘Yes, by —————_; and if you do not believe me, here is the skin,’ shaking his son’s scalp at him; the old man made his escape from him.” “One, McKisson, wounded, and his son taken from the South Mountain.” “One man killed and ten taken near Black’s Gap, South Mountain.” “One man killed and nine taken near Archibald Bard's, South Mountain.” The man killed on this occasion was Thomas Potter, a brother of General James Potter. Among those taken prisoners were Richard Bard and his wife, Hannah Mc- Bride, Samuel Henry, Daniel McManemy, and William White. There were nineteen Indians in the party. A familiar name in the vicinity of Waynesboro in the early days was that of Renfrew, and the well authenticated story of the sad fate which befell two daughters of that family is still an interesting theme in all fireside tales for the children or when reminiscences among the elders of the country side are in order. The story has been told with many embellishments, but it is repeated here because of its local character. What may be considered the best digested narrative of the occurrence is here used as authority. 159 June 27th. April 18, 1878. Same day. Murder of the Ren- frew sisters. J. ©. Burns, in Me- Cauley’s History. 160 CHAPTER VIII. The girls murdered. The success of the pursuers. The burial. Possible date 1764. Their residence and burial place. WAYNESBORO. It matters little whether these two unfortunate young women, when attacked by the Indians, were preparing to ride away on horseback, as one account has it, or were engaged in washing clothes, as the better authority as- serts. At all events, they were killed and scalped by two Indians, who did not long escape their just punishment. The story of the pursuit of them by two experienced hun- ters is graphically told. On the second day after the murder, the fiends in human shape who had committed it, carefully seeking a way westward, had stopped under some wild plum trees, which grew abundantly in this sec- tion of the country at that time, and were cautiously plucking and eating the fruit, when they were discovered by their determined pursuers, who, it is said, with cool deliberation, bided their time until they were near enough to see the plum seeds drop from the mouths of the unsus- pecting Indians, when, at a given signal, the avengers of the murdered women fired, each killing his man. The gruesome sequel of this tale is to the effect that the avengers returned with the scalps of their victims in time to be present at the burial of the sisters, and to certify to the assembled neighbors the absolute character of the revenge they had taken by depositing on the coffin the recovered scalps of the murdered women, and, by their side, the scalps of the murderers. There is no definite date now to be fixed when this massacre took place. Tradition has it that it was among the last, if not the last, outrage committed by the Indians in this section. The reputed residence of the Renfrew sisters was not far from the mill on the farm of Peter Fahnestock, near Waynesboro. ‘They are said to be buried in a picturesque spot known as the Burns’ family burying ground, not far from the banks of the Antietam. There is no mark of identification upon the stone which, tradition says, marks IN WAR TIMES. their grave. As yet, their only epitaph is traced upon the memory of man. It is not necessary to multiply accounts of the terrible experiences of the pioneer settlers to prove the proposi- tion that they made the gravest sacrifices to secure the homes which their descendants are now enjoying; yet how few of the present generation pay even the tribute of a passing thought to these sacrifices, and few there are, it is true, who do believe that by preserving an old record, f \%& ean ON THE WAR PaTH. recording a tradition, marking an historical spot with a monument “we do recover and save somewhat from the maw of time.” Among these may be classed the public-spirited gentle- 161 CHAPTER VIII. The massacre of Enoch Brown and his school-children. Forgotten sacri- fices. Rev. Cyrus C. Cort. man who championed, and those who aided him in carry- ing out, a praise-worthy plan which resulted in the erec- tion of the only monuments ever raised within the limits of Franklin county commemorative of this period of sacri- fice and suffering, the seedtime of the present harvest of enjoyment. The story of the massacre of the schoolmaster, Enoch July 26, 1764. 162 CHAPTER VIII. A lesson to be profited by. 1764. Courage and hardi- hood manifested. Teacher and eleven scholars present. The site of the school-house. East side. WAYNESBORO. Brown, and his pupils who came to him for instruction on that last sad day at Guitner’s little schoolhouse, on the outskirts of the “Conococheague settlement,” lying just about three miles north by west of the present town of Greencastle, is a familiar one to every school child in Franklin county to-day. It is an event familiar because commemorated, and it stands forth in strong contrast with the other historical events far more important, but now buried in oblivion because of the indifference and, may it be called, lack of patriotism of a past generation. ‘The lesson is plain; will the present generation profit by it? It was a time when the spirit of war inflamed the minds of the white man and the red man alike. Roving bands of savages carried death and devastation in every direc- tion. No locality within the frontier settlements, how- ever secluded, was safe from an unexpected visit from these murderous bands, and who, that has visited the spot, even in this day a miniature wilderness, where this old schoolhouse stood, is not struck with admiration for the spirit of courage and hardihood which placed the school- house there in those days of danger. ‘ On the day of the disaster, eleven scholars answered to the last roll-call. ‘The story of their undoing is sufficiently told by the monuments erected some years ago, and which to-day stand on the spot. The larger monument marks the site of the old school- house. The side of the monument facing eastward bears this inscription: ‘Sacred to the memory of schoolmaster Enoch Brown, and eleven scholars, namely: Ruth Hart, Ruth Hall, Eben Taylor, George Dustan, Archie McCullough, and six others (names unknown) who were massacred and scalped by Indians on this spot, July 26, 1764, during the Pontiac war. “Two Dean boys were among the victims heretofore unknown. August 4, 1888.” HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. THE SITE OF GUITNER’S SCHOOL-HOUSE. GRAVE OF THE MASTER AND CHILOREN MURDERED BY INDIANS. SCHOOL-HOUSE. SITE OF MONUMENT MARKING IN WAR TIMES. The north side of the monument bears this inscription: “Erected by direction of the Franklin County Centen- nial Convention, on April 22, 1884, in the name of the teachers and scholars of all the schools in the county, in- cluding common schools, select schools and Sunday- schools. For a full list of contributors see Archives of Franklin County Historical Society, or Recorder’s Of- fice.” On the west side of the monument, next the grave, is this inscription: “The remains of Enoch Brown and ten scholars (Archie McCullough survived the scalping) lie buried in a common grave, south sixty-two and one-fourth degrees west four- teen and one-half perches from this monument. They fellas pioneer martyrs in the cause of education and Chris- tian civilization.” Upon the south side of the monument is inscribed the following: “The ground is holy where they fell, And where their mingled ashes lie; Ye Christian people, mark it well With granite columns, strong and high; And cherish well for-ever-more The sturdy wealth of early years, The sacred legacies of yore, The toils and trials of pioneers.” At a short distance from the larger monument, under the shadows of cedar and oak tree, stands the smaller monument over the grave. It bears this inscription: “The grave of schoolmaster Enoch Brown and ten scholars massacred by the Indians, July 26, 1764.” As the original inscription upon the monument tells, Archie McCullough, one of the scholars, recovered from the scalping. He was a cousin. of John McCullough, from whose narrative of his life among the Indians many 165 CHAPTER VII. North side. West side. South side. The grave. Archie McCullough. 166 CHAPTER VIII. Note 39. Avengers. Ranging companies. 1755. 1779, WAYNESBORO, quotations have been made. He tells in this narrative how he incidentally met with the Indians who had committed this cowardly outrage on the school children. They came among the Indians in the village where he was held cap- tive, bringing with them the scalps of the schoolmaster and children. They were not very cordially received by the older Indians, who characterized their conduct in kill- ing the children as cowardly. These outrages committed by the Indians did not go unavenged. The situation fostered men in all parts of the valley whose determination and prowess brought con- sternation, followed by the direst punishment, to many of the perpetrators of these inhuman deeds. Every district had its Indian hunters, and when concerted action was necessary the banding of these squads of hunters into ranging companies created a little army formidable and disciplined to an extent fully appreciated by their savage antagonists. Two fully organized bands, at least, of this character existed in the lower end of the valley. One was in ser- vice early, and was under the command of Colonel Joseph Armstrong. It consisted of some sixty-eight men all told, who, for several years, did good work in the protection of the border. During the revolutionary war two other companies of rangers from this locality went to the westward on service against the Indians. They were small bands consisting of not more than twenty-five men each, and were under the respective commands of Captain Noah Abraham and Captain Samuel Patton. There were many smaller bands of Indian hunters from the valley in service on the border during the period of the Indian troubles, but, unfortunately for the memory of these brave men, no well-authenticated record of their names, or of their actions, has been preserved. IN WAR TIMES. 167 Very much has been collated and written concerning CHAPTER VIII the history of the people of the Cumberland Valley, in- cluding those who dwelt in the part which is now called Franklin county, in the Revolutionary War, and very much remains to be written by the future historian who shall choose this subject as his single theme. From all accounts it is certain that in no section of the country was the response to arms more prompt and cheer- ful than in this locality; no braver soldiers entered the field than those who came from old Cumberland county, of which the territory now Franklin county contributed its full share. The most conspicuous regiment in the continental army, the First Pennsylvania, had its beginnings in Franklin county, and it may be said that no officer of the American army had a more varied and notable career than Colonel James Chambers, who was the commander of the first company that left Franklin county for the war, forming the nucleus of the First Pennsylvania regiment of which Captain Chambers subsequently became the honored colonel. His company, and that of Captain Wil- liam Hendricks, of Carlisle, were the first in the field from the valley. For the honor of the Cumberland Valley, the history of this regiment should be fully written, and although material is at hand, the limited scope of this work will not admit of its presentation here. Stffice it to say that in its original and re-organized forms this regiment fol- lowed its unique flag through the entire war, doing service at different times in every one of the thirteen original states. This regiment entered the service first under the call of congress for the raising of six companies of expert riflemen in Pennsylvania, ten in Maryland and two in Virginia. It was known as “Colonel William Thomp- THE REVOLU- TIONARY WAR. The First Pennsy)- vania regiment. Col. James Cham- bers. Note 40. July 14, 1775, 168 CHAPTER VIII. April 17, 1777. January 1, 1781. January 17, 1776. Sixth Pennsylvania regiment, The first militia battalion enters service. July 28, 1777. II Penn’a Arch., Vol. X, p. 568. The Waynesboro company. WAYNESBORO. son's Rifle Regiment.’’ Colonel Thompson first com- manded the regiment. He was captured at the battle of Three Rivers, in Canada, when Edward Hand was ap- pointed colonel and James Chambers lieutenant-colonel. Upon the promotion of Colonel Hand to be a brigadier- general, Lieutenant-Colonel James Chambers became colonel of the First Pennsylvania regiment, and under him it campaigned, as before stated, in all the chief bat- tles and skirmishes of the main army until he retired from the service. Under another call from congress for four more bat- talions of Pennsylvania troops, Colonel William Irvine’s sixth regiment was formed. Of the eight companies of which it consisted, three companies were from Franklin county, Captains Abraham Smith, William Rippey and Jeremiah Talbot. In addition to these companies there were also under arms from this section at this time four other companies which contained officers and men chiefly from the section now comprised within the limits of Franklin county. Among the militia of Cumberland county called out by order of the Supreme Executive Council of the state, the first battalion, when it marched to the place of ren- dezvous, was officered as follows: Colonel, James Dun- lap; lieutenant-colonel, William Clark; major, Samuel Irwin. The sixth company in this battalion, as appears by the first muster rolls, was at this time the company of Captain Royer, which was originally enlisted and came from Waynesboro and vicinity. The muster roll, as it has been preserved, shows the following officers and men: Captain, Samuel Royer; first lieutenant, James Brotherton; sec- ond lieutenant, Jacob Stotler; ensign, Robert Snodgrass ; privates, William Cook, Abraham Gabriel, Ephraim Latta, Peter Longinare, Joseph Moore, Philip Nauss, Josias Ramage, Alexander Stewart. HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. se Pipers | FLAG OF THE FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT CONTINENTAL LINE. IN WAR TIMES. This battalion was the nucleus of the Cumberland coun- ty associated battalions, eight in number, which served this year. When fully organized, James Dunlap remain- ed as colonel of the first battalion, but Robert Culbert- son, as lieutenant-colonel, took the place of William Clark, who was transferred to the same rank in the sec- ond battalion, and John Carnahan succeeded Samuel Irwin as major, who took the same rank in the third bat- talion. Captain Samuel Royer’s company was transfer- red to the eighth battalion and constituted its first com- pany. His associated company officers were: First lieutenant, Jacob Foreman; second lieutenant, John Riddlesberger; ensign, Peter Shaver. The battalion commanders were all well-known military men from the Smith was colonel; James Johnston, John Thomas Johnston, adjutant; Terrence Campbell, quarter- same locality. Abraham lieutenant-colonel ; Johnston, major; master. Of the subordinate company officers who startled out with Captain Royer, James Brotherton became first lieu- tenant of Captain Jack's company, the second company; Jacob Stotler became second lieutenant of the third com- pany, and Robert Snodgrass became ensign of the fourth company, in the same battalion, the eighth, and, later, was commissioned first lieutenant of the fourth company of the first battalion. Thomas Wallace, of Waynesboro, was also at this time holding a commission in this battalion. He was first lieu- tenant of the seventh company, which was commanded by Captain William Findley. Later, he was advanced, serving as first lieutenant of the first company of the first battalion. The service of these battalions covered a period of nearly three years; but with reference to the officers in particular, it must not be understood that this was a con- stant service. As was the case with the regular Pennsyl- (11) 169 CHAPTER VIII. Associated bat- talions, 1777. Further recruiting of the first. II Penn’a Arch., Vol. XIV, p. 376, 398, Re-assignments. Lieutenant Thomas Wallace. It Penn’a Arch., Vol. XIV, p. 400, 435. 1780. Nature of the ser- vice. 170 CHAPTER VIII. Militia tours. A Waynesboro militia company. II Penn’a Arch., Vol XV, p. 606. Other militia tours. Il Penn’a Arch., Vol. XV, p. 607. July 14, 1778. Il Penn’a Arch.. Vol. XV, p. 614. WAYNESBORO. vania regiments of the line, officers frequently became supernumerary because of the lack of men to fill their commands, so with respect to the officers of the asso- ciators. A perplexing matter, and one which renders almost futile the efforts to trace in full the career of sub- ordinate officers in the service, is the peculiar militia sys- tem which prevailed in the state during the period of the war. The “tours of duty” imposed by law upon the “classes” of militia in each county claimed the service of every en- rolled man, no matter whether he was independently en- tered in the service of his country or not, and without re- spect to the fact that he was an officer. So it was not unusual to find at times a commissioned officer, seem- ingly commanding in a strange company, but often serv- ing as a private upon a tour of home militia duty. The detail of the eighth battalion of Cumberland coun- ty militia on a tour of the “eighth class in service, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight,” consisted of the following company from Waynesboro: Captain, John Rea; first lieutenant, Thomas \Wallace; ensign, Henry Ralfsnider; privates, Joseph McClintock, Robert Fore- man, Hugh Caldwell, William Still, Matthew Jordan, Wil- liam Rankin, Robert Stuart, William Grass, John Alc- Cray, James Hart, John Wilson, Robert Work, Terrence Campbell (quartermaster), Peter Frey, Jacob Stevens, John Long, John Wallace (second leutenant). “By order of council for ye first and second classes ye second tour for three hundred men to ve Standing Stone.” The detail from the eighth battalion for this tour was un- der command of Lieutenant James Brotherton and Ensign Robert Snodgrass, officers of Captain Rover's original \Vaynesboro company. In another detail during the same period, Jacob Fore- man served as first lieutenant under the command of Captain Patrick Jack. IN WAR TIMES. At the close of the war, Thomas Wallace became the leading military leader in the neighborhood of \Waynes- boro. He was commissioned a captain in the militia ser- vice. A consolidated muster roll of his company as it stood for two years during this period is in existence, and is given elsewhere. The documents from which the information is obtained are in possession of a lady in Waynesboro, through whose courtesy access has been had to them. The elder John Wallace’s sons, Thomas and John, were the most active business men of the family, and it was upon them that their father placed his chief dependence for the transaction of business. Thomas was married; John remained a bachelor all his life, and to this condition may be attributed to some extent the fact that the busi- ness missions away from home more frequently fell to his lot than to that of his other sons. His father’s land trans- actions required visits at intervals to the county seat at Carlisle, and more or less acquaintance with the provin- cial and state officers at the general seat of government. Be that as it may, John Wallace, the founder, at the out- break of the revolutionary war, does not appear to have been unknown to and without influence with the officers of government. ‘The records, unsatisfactory and meager as they are, yet disclose the fact that he was recognized as a commissioned officer in the regular continental service. He was formally commissioned a second lieutenant in one of the companies of Colonel Magaw’s sixth Penn- sylvania regiment of the Pennsylvania Line. Owing to the unfortunate condition of the records, Lieutenant Wal- lace’s career can not be followed. The writer, in this connection, has taken counsel with one whom he con- siders to be the safest and best authority on Pennsyl- yanians in the revolutionary war, and the following con- clusion in the premises has been reached: Lieutenant John Wallace, for a time at least, served in 171 CHAPTER VIII. Post bellum militia. 1789-90. Note 41. Situation of Wal- lace family. The founder as a soldier. Il Penn’a Arch., Vol. X, p. 570, 689; Vol. XV, p. 522. February 15, 1777. Results of investi- gation. Dr. Wm. H. Egle. In the Sixth Regi- ment of Pennsyl- vania Line. 172 CHAPTER VIII. January 1, 1781. Record of the Sixth Regiment. November 16, 1776. June 6, 1776. First association of Franklin county with Gen. Wayne. 1778. At Stony Point. July 16, 1779. A worthy military alliance. WAYNESBORO. one of the companies in the sixth regiment (Magaw’s). His company was likely the one with which ensign, after- wards first lieutenant and brevet captain, James Gibbons, was connected. Wallace became a supernumerary, and, while at home waiting a command, served “tours of duty” in the militia. His connection with the regular service continued for nearly four years, as the record of depre- ciation pay in service which he received to a fixed period, shows. The sixth Pennsylvania regiment of the Line was or- ganized on the basis of Colonel Magaw’s fifth battalion, which was routed and many of its men and all of its records captured at the disaster of Fort Washington. Colonel Magaw remained a prisoner, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Bicker commanding until he was succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel Josiah Harmer, who commanded. the regiment through most of its military career. Jeremiah Talbot, of Chambersburg, was the major of the regiment. In the arrangement of the Pennsylvania Line, the divi- sion commanded by General Anthony Wayne consisted of eight regiments, of which the sixth was one. In the daring and successful enterprise of the storming of Stony Point, which rendered famous the name of Gen- eral Anthony Wayne, the sixth Pennsylvania regiment was with him, and to it was credited the honor of having chosen from its ranks one of the “forlorn hopes” which led the assault. The accounts of that daring venture give Lieutenant James Gibbons distinguished notice. He had led the left “forlorn hope,’ composed of twenty men, and he lost seventeen killed and wounded. For his gallant conduct he was promoted captain of brevet, par- ticularly mentioned in General Wayne's letter, and was voted the thanks of congress. It was with this regiment with such a distinguished record under the general command of the notable ‘““Mad Anthony” Wayne that John Wallace was connected. It IN WAR TIMES. has been said that there was no soldier who had been, either directly or indirectly, associated with Wayne who did not ever after idolize him. Knowing these facts, is it necessary to seek any further for the reasons why John Wallace, veteran soldier, when peace fell and his connec- tion with the old sixth regiment became a memory, should desire to honor the little town settlement, which he was fostering around his old mountain-shadowed home, by bestowing upon it the name of the general under whom the regiment with which he had been connected had so prominently served? Franklin county was not without its “whiskey boys,” which was a very natural circumstance because it had its full quota of private stills. It is an unjust aspersion of the character of very many good and law-abiding citizens to make a wholesale charge of lawlessness and disloyalty against them because they had decided views as to the right of the government to carry out the policy upon which the excise which caused the trouble in Pennsylvania at this period was based. It must be remembered that this was the first time substantially that the general gov- ernment had endeavored to levy a direct tax upon the people of the states, and there were very many even at that early day who agreed with the views which are held by a very much larger number to-day that the principle of direct taxation of the states by the general govern- ment is not of the soundest character. Add to this the fact that those who were engaged in the manufacture of spirits at that day carried on their business without any assistance from the government, either state or general; that they had no other method of disposing of their grain than that offered by distilling it; that they had been for a long time compelled not only to address themselves to the duties of their occupation, but as well to protect them- selves by arms from the dangers which threatened them 173 CHAPTER VIII. A memory of the past and a name. THE UPRISING AGAINST EXCISE. Note 42. 1794, Opinions on the subject. 174 CHAPTER VIII. The outlaw element. Franklin county liberty poles. Colonel James Chambers. September 22, 1794. In other sections of the country. WAYNESBORO. on every hand, in which protection the state government rendered them little and the general government no as- sistance. For the general government, under these cir- cumstances, to exact from them a share of the hard-earn- ed profits of their occupation seemed to them indeed a hardship. As in a time of all public excitement there is a class of lawless people who are ready and anxious to take ad- vantage of the situation to run riot into deeds of violence, so on the occasion of this period of excitement the out- law element found its opportunity. Although removed some distance from the center of excitement yet, as above stated, Franklin county had those of her citizens who were ready to add fuel to the flame. The demonstration, however, was not of a seri- ous character, but manifested itself chiefly in the attempt- ed erection of so-called “liberty poles.” We have the testimony of a reliable witness who wrote an interesting letter to a state government official when the excitement was at its height in Franklin county, giving quite a characteristic account of the attempted raising of a liberty pole in Chambersburg by the “rioters.” There were ebullient signs also in other sections of the county which included the Waynesboro district, but there is no evidence to prove that they amounted to any thing more in the region along the South Mountain than a strikingly effervescent expression of opinion by those who were actually engaged in the manufacture of spirits and their enthusiastic friends. There is a vague tradition re- cording the attempted raising of a liberty pole in the neighborhood of Quincy, but it cannot be stated as a fact. It is a fact, however, that there was a most turbulent element awakened and active at this time in that locality. This episode in Pennsylvania history is chiefly inter- esting to the people of Franklin county because of the IN WAR TIMES. fact that it brought President Washington with his mili- tary escort into the neighborhood, and awakened the people to the highest pitch of patriotic enthusiasm. The idea of an excise on spirits was never popular in Pennsylvania. The first law of this kind in the province was passed at an early day, but was never successfully considered as a permanent means of raising revenue, but rather as an emergency method. At a later period the provincial assembly of Pennsy!- vania again tried it for the purpose of raising money to aid in the public defence. Still later the attention of the assembly was directed to it, and an excise was laid on all domestic and foreign spirits, but so far as domestic spirits were concerned the law was a dead letter until the ex- penses of the government after the outbreak of the revo- lutionary war rendered the enforcement of the law im- perative. Even then a large amount of the excise levied remained due and uncollected. When congress took steps to make up to the army what it had suffered on account of a depreciated currency, and apportioned the amount of depreciation upon the ‘several states, Pennsylvania endeavored to collect the un- paid excise tax accrued and accruring for this purpose, but even then discovered that the measure was most un- It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that when sometime popular although attempted under state authority. after the adoption of the federal constitution congress laid an excise of four pence per gallon on all distilled spirits, the smothered fire burst forth into a flame which was kept blazing wherever there was fuel to feed it. Several movements later were made, but all to no avail, the opposition growing and gathering strength with its growth until it resulted in open attacks upon the officers of the government which could not be overlooked, lead- ing to the proclamation of President Washington and the subsequent requisition upon the governors of Vir- 175 CHAPTER VIII. President Washing- ton’s visit. History of the law. 1684. 1744. 1772. Experiments by the assembly. 1780. A depreciation measure. May 8, 1791. Position of federal levy. August 7, 1794. 176 CHAPTER VIII. The Pennsylvania troops. Their commanders. IN WAR TIMES. ginia, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania for twelve thousand nine hundred and fifty troops to quell the dis- pres CL) LE “Se Kober T (Mar fer Cen bevytu Lele? MRL. (Aan Cw O% PR LOOA To Hilo sf > oI Sy Yr ~ a 1S. S oy os ol. 8 Sy a4 A y S$ ON “ gre bj 27 ? Ki wl. : . (plas eeepiang! eal | ¢ 3 WG Lrderz ee cucle ¢ B tn & & : a lp j fynres —. ae Gare’ . Bs A i SF s = — S g wt A L ir fue “i a ae RECEIPT FOR ADVERTISING MILITARY ORDERS. turbance in western Penn- the so-called ‘“whis- key sylvania ; insurrec- tion.” Governor Thomas Mifflin the mander-in-chief was com- of the Pennsyl- troops. They consisted vania of one division of five thou- sand one hun- dred and _ nine- ty-six men, and were under the command ot” Major General William Irvine. This was made up of division three brigades, the first com- manded by Brigadier Gen- eral Thomas the second, b y Brigadier Gen- Proctor ; eral Francis Murray, and the third, by Brigadier General James Chambers, the revolutionary hero of Franklin IN WAR TIMES. county. His brigade consisted of about seventeen hun- dred men, of which number Franklin county furnished two hundred and eighty-one. The moral effect of calling out and forwarding the troops to the scene of disorder was sufficient. The riot- ers were dispersed without the firing of a gun. The troops started on the homeward march from Pittsburg, returning through the mountains by the way of Bedford, Strasburg, Shippensburg to Carlisle, where they were disbanded. In the second war with Great Britain, the people of the Cumberland Valley again proved to the country that they were actuated by the true patriotic spirit. They re- sponded with alacrity to every call of the-government for troops. The organized militia companies of Franklin county were among the first to tender their services to the governor of Pennsylvania, and at an early day a de- tachment, comprising five crack companies of the county, mustering in all two hundred and sixty-four officers and men, joined with newly enlisted men sufficient to make up the county’s quota of five hundred, and started out under the command of Major William McClelland, bri- gade inspector of the county, for the place of rendezvous at Meadville, on the northwestern frontier of the state. Here two regiments of riflemen and two of infantry were formed, and the Franklin county troops were incorpor- ated in this organization. Jared Irwin became colonel of the first regiment of riflemen; William Piper of the sec- ond regiment of riflemen; Jeremiah Snider of the first regiment of infantry; and John Purviance of the second regiment of infantry. These four regiments were formed into a brigade, which was attached to the second division under the general command of General Adamson ‘Tanna- hill. 177 CHAPTER VIII. The close of the war. November 15, 1794. THE WAR OF 1812-14. Declared June 12, 1812. September 5, 1812. Note 48. Franklin county troops. II Penn’a Arch., Vol. XII, p. 533. 178 CHAPTER VIIL. Militia fines. Franklin county delinquents. October 26, 1812. WAYNESBORO. Under the working of the then efficient military law of the state, it was no easy matter for men who were playing soldier in time of peace to escape from service when there was an actual call to war. When a “tour of duty” was ordered by proper authority, every enlisted man was re- quired to perform his service or become ‘‘delinquent,” and be subject to a fine of sixteen dollars every month during the term of the tour. No particular discredit at- tached to the non-performance of duty, but the law against delinquents was most rigorously enforced. Every delinquent was entitled to an appeal from the fine assessed against him by the court-martial, but, failing to appeal, the fine could not be avoided. It is interesting to note that among the first duties which Brigade Inspector McClelland was called upon to perform after he reached the front was to report to the auditor-general of the state the names of the members of the Franklin county companies who had subjected them- selves to a fine for non-performance of the “tour of duty.” Under a report, which bore the following head- ing, Brigade Inspector McClelland sends in the names of some twenty-six of Franklin county’s best citizens for court-martial. “A list of all delinquents in Captain Snider's ‘Union Volunteers,’ Captain Harper's ‘Concord Infantry,’ Cap- tain Hay’s ‘Mercersburg Riflemen, and Captain Oak's ‘Antrim Greens Riflemen,’ who have not appeared, or whose appeals have been determined against them for not performing the present ‘tour of duty.” The report concludes as follows: “George Bryan, Esquire: “In obedience to Law I forward the above list to you. T cannot annex ——-—————— ‘the sum due from each respectively,’ not being certain of the length of the Tour IN WAR TIMES. of Duty. The Militia Law says two Months & no longer. I think the Act of Congress says any term of time not exceeding Six Months, & if I understood the Governor correctly, he said Six Mounths unless the men were sooner discharged. So much is certain it is Sixteen Dol- lars per Month during the tour.” Maen Co: Gorene Cahedtfftceg 179 CHAPTER VIII. ee. bre g acct He haem Gow Yludle® In the first detachment of troops which went out from the county no organized body from Waynesboro or Washington township was included, but, later, the Fed- eral Government, having made a call for additional troops from Pennsylvania, Governor Snyder, through N. B. Boileau, Secretary of the Commonwealth, notified Bri- gade Inspector McClelland that a detachment of one one thousand militia to march to the defense of Erie would be called from the counties of Cumberland, York, Adams and Franklin. The formal call soon followed, and the first and second brigades of the Seventh division, the former under command of James Lamberton, brigade inspector of Cumberland county, the latter under com- mand of William McClelland, of Franklin county, and the second brigade of the Fifth division, Colonel George Welsh, brigade inspector, commanding, were called upon to fill the quota of one thousand men, and were desig- nated for the service of the United States, and, under the original orders, were commanded to rendezvous at Erie on a day certain, or as soon thereafter as possible. When these troops arrived at Erie they were organized into one regiment of ten companies, and were known as Additional call for troops. January 15, 1814. II Penn’a Arch., Vol. XII, p. 671. February 7th. May 12, 1814. March 15, 1814. 180 CHAPTER VIII. Fifth Regt, A draft resorted to. Captain Samuel Dunn’s company. June 15, 1813. WAYNESBORO. the Fifth regiment of Pennsylvania troops. James Fen- ton became colonel; James Wood, of Greencastle, was major, and Thomas Poe, of Antrim, was adjutant. Major Wood commanded the regiment for a considerable period of time, owing to the resignation of Colonel Fen- ton and the early death of Lieutenant Colonel Bull. This quota was not filled without difficulty. It was found necessary to resort to a draft. Franklin county was much helped by the timely tender of the services of Captain Samuel Dunn’s company of riflemen from Fan- nettsburg, who agreed to make part of the quota. This company was among the most enthusiastic troops in the valley, and at a much earlier date their captain had ten- dered their services to the government, although without avail, in the following patriotic letter: “Fannettsburgh, Franklin Co., Pa. Sir: Being authorized by a Volunteer Company of Riflemen in the 6th Regiment, 2d Brigade, 7th Division, Penna. Militia to inform your Excellency that they have made a Tender of Service to you for 6 months, or what time such corps are wanted, we offered our Services in the regular way to our Respective Brigade Inspector William McClelland, Esq., who has no doubt reported us before this time. The present communication is to inform you of the great anxiety the Company are in to receive Marching orders, which we hope will be in your power to give us very soon when if we meet the Enemy of our Country I have no doubt but the result will be Highly Honorable to ourselves and the State to which we belong. The Company Consists of 50 men, all well armed & Equipped ready at any time you may think proper to order us to take the field. We have made no stipulation where we will march to, and will therefore not hesitate a moment to meet the Enemy within the United States, but will without those limits with ardor seek and with the de- termination belonging to Freemen punish the unpro- voked Invaders of our Country, with the assurance that IN WAR TIMES. you will (by giving us marching orders), give us an op- portunity of se our Patriotism to our Country.” LEG I get Ai afer feiffeo bo a0 fee 7, It was in aiding to fill this call for troops that the sol- diers from Waynesboro served. Captain Samuel Gor- don’s company, one hundred and fourteen officers and men, were all from this locality. With the other Frank- lin county troops they marched to Erie, and were incor- porated into Colonel James Fenton’s Fifth regiment. It was in this company of Captain Gordon, that one, who subsequently became one of the most prominent and noteworthy citizens of Waynesboro, began his military career, General James Burns. He entered the service of the United States, as third lieutenant of Captain Gordon's company, and by meritorious service was subsequently advanced, until he held the rank of captain. He served with his company and regiment through all their active campaigns. He was in the battle of Lundy’s Lane and several other hard-fought engagements. A number of interesting stories of his war life are told by his descendants. On one occasion he is said to have been sent with his company against the British, and the enemy, being some distance away, was approached care- fully, until only a buckwheat field lay between the oppos- ing forces, and Captain Burns could see the red coats of the enemy. He commanded his men to drop on their knees and aim at the buckwheat blossoms, with the result 181 CHAPTER VIII. Waynesboro troops. Note 44. Gen. James Burns. Note 45, Incidents in his life. 182 CHAPTER VIII. A militia officer. 1835-37. 1875. Married 1814. 1875. A brave Franklin county soldier. WAYNESBOROQO. that his fire was so effective that the British were com- pelled to retire. On another occasion the British had taken possession of an old mill. A company of Americans had failed to drive them out. Captain Burns was then sent with his men and leading the charge upon the mill, he made such a desperate assault that the enemy was dislodged and the mill captured. General Burns was born on the old Burns’ home-place, about three miles east of \Vaynesboro, and was a son of John Burns, or Bourns, as the name is sometimes written, the maker of revolutionary cannon, an account of which is given earlier in this work. General Burns, who received his title “General” from his long connection with the militia service of the town and county, was a leading spirit in all movements of a public nature in Waynesboro. He was sheriff of Frank- lin county and was a justice of the peace for many years. Burns Hill cemetery received its name from him; he owned the land and was the first person buried there. He was a Presbyterian and prominent in church affairs. His wife was Jane Downey. His sister, Esther Burns, was married to John \Wallace, the nephew of John Wallace, the founder of \WWaynesboro. He lived to a rare old age, eighty-nine years, and died, respected bv all. It was also from Captain Gordon's company that the adjutant of the Fifth regiment was chosen, the gallant Thomas Poe. He resigned the position which he had held for several years, deputy surveyor of Franklin coun- ty, to enlist as a private in Captain Gordon’s company. His qualifications were soon recognized in his promotion to the important regimental position mentioned. His career was short but brilliant. His daring conduct soon won for him a name. Upon one occasion, it is said, sin- gle-handed, he quelled a dangeous mutiny among the troops by the mere force of his will, and in his last battle IN WAR TIMES. his gallant intrepid bearing won the admiration of all. He fell, mortally wounded, at the battle of Chippewa, and died a few days after. The Fifth regiment belonged to the corps of veterans commanded by Brigadier General Peter B. Porter, and in its tour of six months saw most active service on this side of the border and in Canada as well, participating in the battle of Bridgewater, Chippewa and Lundy's Run, suf- iering severe losses during its campaign. \Vhat higher testimony to this regiment's admirable conduct could be asked than that contained in the following letter from its corps commander to the Governor of Pennsylvania: “Buffalo. Sir: The Regiment of Pa. Volunteers under Col. Fen- ton having completed their term of service are about re- turning to their homes. It will always be a source of pride as well as pleasure to me to reflect that I had the good fortune to have this patriotic body of men attached to my command. The re- lation in which I stood to them has given me the fullest opportunity of observing their conduct; and I should feel that I had not performed my duty were I to suffer them to depart without carrying to vou the evidence of the high sense I entertain of their meritorious services. Before the opening of the Campaign, they had, by the most assiduous industry and attention, become respect- able proficients in military tactics. Since that time, they have performed every labor, discharged every duty in camp, and borne every privation necessarily incident to active military operations, with an alacrity, a cheerfulness and a fortitude which can never be surpassed. In the higher and more arduous duties of the field they have fur- nished examples of steadiness, intrepidity and gallantry which would have done honor to, and which has enabled them to vanquish, the veteran troops of Europe. In this character of them I am supported by the testimony of Major General Brown and other principal officers of the regular army. I regret that their loss, both in officers and men, has 183 CHAPTER VIlIl. July 6, 1814. Service of the Fifth Regiment. August 30, 1814. 184 CHAPTER VIII. August 24, 1814, August 27th. WAYNESBORO. been so severe. It will, however, be a consolation of no inconsiderable value to the friends of those men who have fallen, that they have fallen in the discharge of that noble and exalted duty—the duty we owe to our beloved Coun- try. This communication will be handed to you by Maj. Wood, who, in consequence of the severe indisposition of Col. Fenton, and the early fall of Col. Bull, commanded the regiment for a considerable part of the time they were in Canada. The cool judgment and intrepidity which he has displayed in the various affairs with the enemy; and the hardships and hazards which he has voluntarily encountered by continuing the active command of the Regiment, while laboring under the effects of severe wounds, received at the battle of Bridgewater, will entitle him to your Excellency’s particular notice. To him and to Col. Fenton I beg leave to refer you for particular in- formation as to the individual merit of the officers and men of the regiment. I have the honor to be, with great respect,” ruc Clectlen ogee es 2 Ero Ake bole» ewe His Excellency, Simon Snider. When temporary disasters overtook the American armies, and the capitol buildings at Washington were de- stroyed by the enemy, Governor Snyder issued a general order couched in such stirring language as to fire the ardor of the people to the highest pitch, and there was no lack of volunteers to march to Baltimore to repel the in- vaders. In this patriotic purpose the little town shadowed by the South Mountain was not behind its neighbors. When IN WAR TIMES. the volunteers from Chambersburg, Greencastle and Mercersburg took up the march, they found Captain John Flannigan’s company with six hundred and fifty of- ficers and men from Waynesboro ready to cross the mountain with them to Baltimore, there to perform their full share of service under Colonel John Findley, until the date of discharge. During the Mexican war the same patriotic enthusiasm and the same readiness to serve their country which char- acterized other localities prevailed in Waynesboro.