Cornell Alniversity Libvarp THE GIFT OF SS AAA CA. de — Aap. eps ST 4 247 AND Se eee RO ‘or iia DOMINION OF CANADA—DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Minister—Tue Hon. W. L. haces Kine, C.M.G., M.P.; Deputy Mrinister—F. A. ACLAND. WHOLESALE PRICES IN CANADA 1890--1909 AINCLUSIV EF) SPECIAL REPORT BY R. H. COATS, B.A., Associate HMditor of the Labour Gazette Published by Authority of the Honourable W. L. Mackenzie King, C.M.G., M.P., Minister of Labour OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1910 18722—a Vv: em, Az+14\3 LETTER OF TRANSMISSION TO MINISTER. To the Hon. W. L. Mackenzm Kine, C.M.G., MP., Minister of Labour, Ottawa, Ont. Sir,—I have the honour to ‘transmit herewith a report by Mr. R. H. Coats, As- sociate Editor of the Labour Gazette, on the course of Wholesale Prices in Canada during the twenty years from 1890 to 1909, inclusive, prepared in accordance with your direction: All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, F. A. ACLAND, Deputy Minister of Labour. DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, Ottawa, May 16, 1910. iii LETTER OF TRANSMISSION TO DEPUTY MINISTER. To F. A. Actanp, Esq., Deputy Minister of the Department of Labour, Ottawa, Ont. Siz,—I have the honour to submit herewith the results of an investigation into the course of Wholesale Prices in Canada during the past twenty years, namely, from 1890 to 1909, inclusive. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, R. H. COATS, Associate Editor Labour Gazette. DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, Ottawa, May 16, 1910. CHART SHOWING THE COURSE OF WHOLESALE PRICES IN CANADA, 1890-1909 137225 DEPARTMENT OF LABotwr, Cahn WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuaxr No. 1 Chart Showing the Course of Wholesale Prices in Canada during the Twenty years 1890-1909." [Number of Commodities—230.] 130 129 lze 127 126 125 ‘124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 Ha 113 12 J). 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 04 93 92 91 90 * For explanatory statement see pp. 10-12. [Average Price, 1890-1899=100.] 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 12] 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 2 Hl 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 10) 100 99 9? 95 94 93 92 91 90 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 Pace. ~ LETTER OF TRANSMISSION TO MINISTER.. .. .. «1 -. ee ee ee ee ce Ill LETTER OF TRANSMISSION TO DEPUTY MINISTER... .. .. .. - ; v CHART SHOWING COURSE OF WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909. Frontispiece. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY.. .. 2. 0. 1. ce ce ne ce ee ee te ee ewe 1-49 PART I.—TABLES OF WHOLESALE PRICES. 1. Grains and Fodder :— Barley, Western, malting.. No. 2, Ontario.. Bret, tik: COs ae ea a6 Re ew eR GH A aR XS HA VR HE SK Bo og BS Re ee ae Oe Corn, No. 3 yellow.. bial ie? aes eee Ril Pea Shc aie BEL Mie ek as BE eS Hak ees Mee a Pays INOS Visca he 52 eae ee dig wea, OS RE ate el See en OMe call eg. as! ele! Bays dtvn ine Care 58 Oats,. No.2; white: Wester nies: seine abd Aes GR Ses a SReke Bh ee ee We UR ae oe 59 © INO: 2; white Ontarioes ics ive. as sea eG Gace Bega ee Be Eel GR EO Oe oH 60 Peas, No. 2, Erte widhGollde aunt: “Dar Poise Maa esd avai vie? SoA SY: tends eaten Gard Osis | edhe "Blam at ea 61 ye, se aiceiowe teas 11 55 Mar.,’04-Jan.,’05 8 00 u " " Brooms (carpet), 4strings..... ...... 6 25 (Dec., 1909...... 290 |Jan.,’90-Dee.,’91} XII.—Drves anp CHEMIcats. Alcohol, 65°0 p. in bbls................ 5 00 |Jan.-Dec., 1909. 3 28 |Jan.-July, 1890./Gall. " wood, 65°0 p. in bris.......... 2 00 ae 4890-Aug., 120 = |Feb.,’08-Dec.,’09| 1907. Alum, lump.... 00.0... 0cc cc pee eee 175 |Apr.,’91-May,’92 1 40 |Apr.,’98-May,’b9/100 lbs. July,’94-Feb. ,’95 Bleaching ras eyed eked aca pee dures 300 |Oct., 1892...... 150 |Oct.,’04-Dec.,’09) Borax, powdered. . 013 |Jan., ’90-Oct.,’91 0 04 + [Oct.-Nov., 1898.) Lb. Brimstone. .......00.......00020000e- 250 Oet., 199. May,’9> 175 |Jul.,’93-Apr.,’98} L00 Ibs. Carbolic acid, eratals; commercial, 40 055 |Jan,-Jul 1890, 0 23 |Jan.-Mar., 1898,| Lb. p.c. Mar. Ook 04. Jan.-July, 99, Nov.,’00-Mar., 1901. Caustic soda, 60 degrees.......-.....0. 275 |Nov.-Dec., 1890. 160 |Aug.-Oct., 1899.|100 Ils. (OP POLAR seo: csc 5:5 2: car bsaigenea send a aaeeese aoe 100 IFeb.-Nov., 1891. 0 60 lOct.,’97-Mar.,’98 " § Record from June, 1894, to April, 1896, and 1900-1909. 24 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR HIGHEST AND LOWEST PRICES, 1890-1909—Concluded. HIcHest. Lowsst. ARTICLES. —_- Unit. Price. Date. Price. Date. XII.—Drues anp CHEMICALS—Con. $ cts. $ cts. x IDC paint eines writ ond Reapers Gana Pa 0 242 |Dec., 1909 ....- 015 |Feb.-Apr., 1893, )Lb. Glycerine.... ..... 3 Mar.,°98,June- Sept. ,’94,5ept. 05-Aug., 1907, July-Aug., 08, Oct., ’08-May, 1909. . Indigo, Benga].......... 150 |1890-1909....... 150 {1890-1909....... 100 lbs. Muriatic acid, commerce 0 06 me 1902-Nov., 0 03} |Jan., ’90-Dec.,’97/Lb. 1904. Opium, crude,......... .. scanty na 8 50 |Sept., 1907-Jan., 350 |Sep.,’02-Jul.,’03.) 1 1908. Apr.-Sept., ’05 Quinine, Howard’s. . 5.55.06: aceauave 050 |Mar.-Oct., 1900. 0 23 |Jan.-Dec., 1909./Oz. Sod aashs sicnic aisie d nines esas nays 200 {Feb., 1903... .. | = 125 |Feb.,’99-Feb.,’00/100 lbs. Oct. ,’00-Jan.,’03 Sulphuric acid, commercial............ 003 |Mar.,’04-Dec. ’09 0 02 |Mar., 1897-Feb.,|Lb. 1904. XIII.—MIscELLaneEovs. a. Furs— Mink, Gare «ce os eierabesan as kee ee 10 00 |May, 1907. ..... 0 80 |Aug.-Nov., 1890/Skin. Muskrat, best winter and fall........ 0 30 |Nov.-Dec., 1909. 0 08 |Oct.,’94-Aug.,’96] Raccoon (chat sauvage)..... Bs donerotee 200 |Jul., ’05-Mar.,’06 050 |Jan., 1891 ..... " Skunk, black Canadian.,............ 200 |July-Nov., 1905.| © 060 |Mar.-Nov., 1890,| 1 b. Liquors and tobacco— Jan., 1891. Moalltics sce-caae amare ava ever Kees eae L410 1907. sees scans 0 70 1896 and 1899...|Bu.36lb. Draught ale and porter.............. 7 20 |1903-1907....... 6 65 |1890-1902...... Bbl. Whiskey, ‘‘ Canadian Club,” 20°8 u.p. 2 30 |1907-1909...... 170 {1890............ Gall. Tobacco, smoking, standard brand 076 jAug., 1908-Feb., 051 |Jan.-Dec., 1890.|Lb. plug, duty paid. 1909. c. Sundries— Binder twine, sisal.................. 0 133 |Jan., 1900...... 0 053 |May-June, 1£97.] 0 Gunpowder, common sporting (stand- 3.50 |1890-1909...... - 3 50 |1890-1909....... Keg, 25 ard grade. : lbs. Rope, pure manilla No. 1............ 0 164 |Jan., 1900...... 0 06% |June, 1897...... Lb. Rubber, Para Island, fine..... ...... 1 984 |Oct., 1909 ...... 0 60 |Sept., 1891......] » ORD) COMMON 42 n0x4 ena vawer woeds 60 125 |Nov.,’99-Dec.,’06 100 |Jan., ’90-Jan.,’91]/Box. Starch, Canada laundry. ............ 0 06 |Jan.,’08-Mar.,’09 0 033 |Feb.-Mar., 1893.|/Lb. May-Dec.,’09. Results by Groups and Commodities. The following is a brief review of the more important changes shown during the past twenty years in the several groups and commodities* :— I— Grains and Fodder. The index number for the thirteen commodities grouped under the heading ‘Grains and Fodder’ shows that, on the whole, prices were 49-9 per cent higher in 1909 than the average prices of the decade 1890-1899. The past year saw prices on a higher level than at any time in the twenty year period, though the increase from 1908 was but slight. Prices were lowest in 1897, but were higher in 1890 and 1891 than at any other time in the twenty year period with the exception of the last four years. Compared with 1897, prices of grains and fodder are now approximately 873 per cent higher. , * As prices on the whole declined from 1890 to 1896-7 and have since ri teadily, th plan uniformly followed in this review is to compare 1909 pri vith those ef the decade 1890-99, and second, with those of the lower year clinen, Pir Bats Tint alas OF Ths WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1969 25 Barley, western, malting—Western barley was higher at Winnipeg, Man., in 1890 than in any year since, though prices in the past year were approaching the previous high level. The lowest price recorded was 20 cents per bushel, in November, 1895, and the highest, 65 cents per bushel, April-June, 1890. The year 1896 saw the prices during 1909 were 45 per cent higher; compared with 1897 the remarkable in- 1909, 51-77. Barley, No. 2. Ontario.—For Ontario barley the lowest year was 1897 (28-238c.) and the highest, 1908, (60-78c.), with 1907 and 1909 very close upon the latter. Prices, however, were relatively high in 1890-1891. Compared with the decade 1890-1899, prices during 1909 were 45 per cent higher; compared with 1897 the phenomenal in- crease of 184 per cent is shown. Bran.—Bran prices show a range from $7 per ton in October, 1896, to $24 per ton in April, 1909. The average price for 1897, the low year, was $7.85, and for 1909, the high year, $22.02. In other words prices have advanced over 180 per cent in the last twelve years. Compared with the decade 1890-1899, the prices of 1909 show an ad- vance of 82-2 per cent. Corn, No. 8, yellow—The year 1908 shows the highest average price for corn, viz., 76-08¢., with 1909 second with 72-28c¢., and 1891 third with 70°31c. The lowest year was 1897, when corn averaged about 26c. per bushel. The advance shown by the 1909 prices is 64-6 per cent compared with the decade 1890-1899 and over 180 per per cent compared with the lowest year, 1897. Hay No. 1.—The highest price recorded for hay was in 1907 when $18 per ton was reached. The lowest price quoted is $5.50, in March, 1899. Hay was 35 per cent above the average of the decade 1890-1899 in 1909, 45-4 per cent above in 1908 and 59:3 per cent above 1907. The lowest year was 1894, when prices were 18 per cent below the average for the decade. The high price of fodder in 1907 is held responsible in part for subsequent high meat prices, farmers reducing stocks and thus curtailing the supply. Oats, No. 2, white, western—Asg in the case of western barley, oats reached their highest level in 1890 with an average of 42.33c. per bushel. Since that year, oats . have passed 40c. as a yearly average only in 1901, 1907 and 1909. The lowest price recorded is 16c. per bushel, in December, 1895, and in the opening months of 1896. The highest quotations are 55c. in August, 1890, and 54c. in July, 1909. Prices were one-third higher in 1909 than in the decade 1890-1899, and approximately double the prices of 1896. Oats, Ontario, No. 2, white—The range of prices shown is from 17c. per bushel in February, 1897, to 60c. per bushel in June, 1909. The highest years were 1909, 1908, 1907 and 1891, when prices were respectively 45-27, 44-52, 43-50 and 42-.45¢. The lowest years were 1896 and 1897, with an average price of a little over 20c. per bushel. Prices were approximately 50 per cent above the average for the decade 1890- 1899 in 1909, and approximately 81 per cent below that average in 1896 and 1897. The rise since 1896 amounts to approximately 115 per cent. Peas, Ontario, No. 2.—In peas, an equal or greater increase has taken place, 1909 prices being 58 per cent above those of the decade 1890-1899, and 110 per cent above those of 1897, the lowest year shown. The highest quotation recorded was in May, 1909, namely, 96c. per bushel, and the lowest in June, 1897, namely, 38c. per bushel. Rye, Ontario, No. 2.—In rye the range was from 31 cents in July, 1897, to 88 cents in June and July, 1908. The index number showed prices 40 per cent higher in 1909, and 28 per cent lower in 1897, than in the decade 1890-1899. The highest average year was 1908, and the second highest 1891; in the latter, prices were 46-7 above those of the decade. The year 1902 was also a high year, but prices fell im- mediately thereafter, and did not regain the same level until 1906. Shorts—The fluctuations in shorts are similar to those of bran. The lowest price quoted is $8 per ton in the closing months of 1896 and the opening months of 1897, while the highest prices recorded, namely $26, occurs in November, 1907. By 26 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR average yearly prices, a fairly high level was maintained from 1890 to 1895; In 1896 and 1897, however, there was a very decided decline, followed by a partial recovery in 1898 and 1899. The level was further increased during the ensuing five years, and in 1907 rose rapidly. In 1909 prices were 62 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899, and 130 per cent above the prices of the lowest year, 1897. Straw, baled.—Baled straw was 33 per cent above the average for the decade 1890- 1899 in 1909. The 1909 prices were lower by nearly 2 per cent than those of 1907 and by nearly 8 per cent than those of 1908. Compared with the low year, 1898, prices were over 70 per cent higher in 1909. The lowest quotation shown is $4, from July to October, 1898, and the highest $10.50, in the closing months of 1907 and the opening months of 1908. Wheat, No. 1, northern.—This grade of wheat was 40-5 per cent above the average of 1890-1899 in 1909, this being the highest level reached. The lowest was in 1894, with prices 20-8 per cent below the average for the decade. The range of actual prices shown in the table is from 54 cents a bushel in October, 1894, to’ $1.322 per bushel in July, 1909. The next highest price quoted was $1.28 in May, 1898. By yearly averages, the price rose from 84 to 93 cents between 1890 and 1891, then dropped to 61 cents in 1894, rising to 93 in 1898, but dropping to 70—80 during the next five years. In 1904 and 1905, the average passed 90 cents; but in 1906 and 1907 they fell below this level, rising, however, in 1908 and 1909 to $1.03 and $1.08 per bushel respectively. Wheat, Ontario, No. 2, white —The lowest price appearing in the table for Ontaria wheat is. 52 cents per bushel, in September, 1894. The highest is $1.40, in June, 1909. The price passed $1 per bushel during certain months of 1891, 1898, 1904, 1905, 1907 and 1909, but there is only one year, namely, 1909, in which the average for the twelve months exceeds $1. Prices during 1909 were 48 per cent higher than in the decade 1890-1899 and over 87 per cent higher than during 1894. II.—Animals and Meats. The animals and meats group is made up of cattle and cattle products, hogs and hog products, sheep and sheep products, and fowls and turkeys. It includes a total of 14 series of quotations. Combining all, it is shown that prices in 1909 were 48-6 per cent above the prices of the decade 1890-1899. The next highest year was 1907, when prices were 33-8 per cent above the ten year period mentioned. The lowest year was 1896, when prices were 17-6 per cent below the average of the base decade. From 1897 to 1909, therefore, there was a rise of approximately 80 per cent in the price of meat products in Canada. Contributing to this result, cattle and cattle products and hogs and hog products showed approximately the same variations as the list taken as a whole. The price of fowls and turkeys, however, during the last two years has been very rapidly upward, while sheep and mutton prices, though varying above the average for the base decade, have been less markedly upward, and since 1907 have been falling. Bacon.—Bacon, which sold as low as 8c. per pound in April, 1896, touched 18c. in 1906 and 1909. The average yearly price, which was 10-6c. in 1890, rose to 12c. in 1898, fell to 8—9c. in 1896, rose again to 12-1e. in 1900, reached its highest point in 1906 with 16-2c., and fell to 15-4c. in 1909, Compared with the decade, 1890-99, the price of bacon was 46 per cent higher in 1909; compared with 1896 the lowest year the price in 1908 was 71 per cent higher. ; Beef and veal, dressed—The record for these is complete only from 1903, since when there has been an almost continuous rise, amounting to 44 per cent in ike ‘ease of the former and to 29 per cent in the cagg of the latter. Cattle, western, prime.—Western cattle pri 7 2 . prices show a range from $2.50 per ewt. in November and December, 1903, to $6 in July, 1907. The highest yearly ae price shown is $5 -354 per cwt., in 1902; the next highest is $4.625, in 1908. The lowest is $2-687, in 1894. In 1909, western cattle prices were 19.4 per cent sboye the WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 27 average for the base decade; in 1907, however, they were 20 per cent above the average, and in 1892, 45.5 per cent above. Cattle, butchers’ choice steers—Prices of Ontario cattle have been less violent in their fluctuations than those of western cattle, though they have reached relatively higher levels. The highest point recorded was in 1909, in which year prices were 47:5 per cent above those of the decade, and over 80 per cent above those of 1896, the lowest year. The lowest quotation recorded is $2.75 in October, 1896, and the highest, $6.40, in June and November, 1909. Fowls and turkeys—The lowest price shown for fowls and turkeys was 4c. per lb. for the former and 7c. per lb. for the latter. The highest prices were 15 and 19c. respectively, both occurring in 1909. Fowls were 88 per cent higher in 1909 than in the base decade; turkéys were 85 per cent higher. The low year in the case of fowls was 1897, and in the case of turkeys, 1896, in which prices were respectively 18 and 19 per cent below the respective averages for the decade. The rise in poultry represented by the prices of 1909 amounted to approximately 130 per cent compared with the low period, 1896-1897. ‘ Hogs, select, and hogs dressed.—The price of live hogs was approximately 52 per cent higher in 1909 than in the decade 1890-1899, and approximately 87 per cent higher in 1909 than in 1896, when the lowest yearly average was shown. Actual prices show a range from $2.75 per cwt. in July, 1896, to $8 in September, 1909. Dressed hogs between 1903 and 1909 ranged from $6.55 in February, 1904, to $11.50 in September and October, 1909. The lowest year in the record was 1904, when the average price was $7-.198; the highest year was 1909, when the average price was $10-532 per cwt. Hams, sugar cured, medium.—Hams have been very high since 1906, the level since that date being about 30 per cent higher than during the decade 1890-1899. Compared with 1896, the lowest year shown, prices were approximately 50 per cent cent higher. The range in the quotations is from 7% per lb. in August, 1906, to 18c. per lb. in November, 1909. Lard, pure, in tierces.—The lowest price shown for lard is 64c. per lb. in August, 1896; and the highest 154c. per lb. in November and December, 1909. The average price during 1909 was 18-8c. The average price in 1899 was 6-687c. Lard prices in 1909 were over 60 per cent higher than in the decade 1890-1899 and over 93 per cent higher than in 1896. Pork, heavy Canada, short cut mess.—Salt pork per barrel sold for $10 in Decem- ber, 1896; it reached $31 per barrel in October and December, 1909. From 1890 to 1892 the average price was between, $16 and $17; in 1893, however, it rose to $21.77, but fell back to $12.31 in 1896; it did not pass the record of 1893 until 1902, when the highest yearly average in the table, with the exception of that for 1907 ($23.81), namely, $23, is shown. For 1909, the average was $25.58, that is, 57-1 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899, and 198 per cent above the low year, 1896. Sheep, export ewes, and mutton dressed—Export ewes were higher in 1890 than in any year since. As high as $7.50 per cwt. is recorded in the table for that year. Prices fell thereafter, until in 1896 a quotation of $2.50 is reported. The highest year since 1890 was 1909, when prices averaged $4.70, the highest single quotation being $6 in May. The index number shows prices in 1909 as on the same level as during the decade 1890-1899, the high years being 1890 and 1891, with a considerable upward tendency in 1906 and 1907. Dressed mutton advanced steadily from 1903 to 1907, but has since declined, though still over 25 per cent higher than in 1903. N.B.—The packing house business, other than for the curing of pork products, is a recent development in Canada. Prior to the past few years the dressed meat trade could scarcely be said to exist. In Toronto, the fresh meat for the city was killed in a municipal abattoir which was conducted as a killing concern only, wholesale butchers buying their cattle on the market and paying a fee for having them killed. For this reason prices shown in the investigation for dressed beef, veal, hogs, and mutton, 28 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR begin with the year 1903. The influence on prices of the later method of disposing of these meat products has been widely discussed, especially in western Canada. III.—Dairy Produce. Dairy produce, including milk, butter, cheese and eggs, was approximately 33 per cent higher in 1909 than in the decade 1890-1899. The 1909 prices represent a reces- sion of about 3 per cent from those of 1908. The low years were 1896 and 189%, since when there has been an advance of approximately 48 per cent. The beginning of the recent rise occurred in 1905. Butter—Two varieties of butter are covered in the returns, namely, creamery prints and dairy solids. Their fluctuations, it will be seen, do not run on exactly parallel lines. Creamery prints were lowest in 1897, though the lowest quotation re- corded, namely 14c. per lb. was in March, 1895. The highest year was 1908, the highest quotation being 32c. per lb., recorded in April of that year. Dairy solids were lowest in 1896 and highest in 1908; the lowest individual quotation, namely, 10e. per lb., however, was recorded in May, 1899, and the highest, 26c., in April, 1907. Creamery prints in 1909 were 20 per cent above the average for the base decade, while dairy solids were 24 per cent above that average. The former show an increase of approxi- mately 333 per cent, and the latter an increase of approximately 50 per cent, during the past twelve years. Cheese.—The price of western coloured cheese has ranged from Ve. to 14c. per lb. during the past 20 years, the low price occurring in 1896 and the high in 1907. Compared with the decade, 1890-1899, cheese prices were 24-4 per cent higher in 1909; compared with 1898, the lowest average year, they show an advance of 45 per cent. Eggs, storage—EKggs show the most rapid advance of any commodity in this group. In 1909 they were 71-5 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899, and 92 per cent above the average for 1896, the low year. Milk.—The wholesale price of milk at Montreal, the largest city in the Dominion, was taken as a fair indication of general conditions. In 1909 prices were 27 per cent above those of the decade 1890-1899. Prices were still higher in 1908, when an advance of 35.7 per cent was shown over the base decade. Prices were unchanged throughout 1890-1899, on a lower level than have since been recorded. IV.—Fish. In dealing with fish, the object was to obtain quotations for representative pro- ducts of the three leading divisions of the Canadian fisheries, namely, the Atlantic fisheries, the fisheries of the great lakes of the interior and the Pacific fisheries. As representing the first division the following kinds were taken, namely, cod-fish, had- dock, halibut, herring, lobsters and mackerel; as representing the second division, salmon, trout and whitefish were taken; and, as representing the third division, canned salmon. These are also fairly representative of Canadian consumption. It will be seen that fish prices in 1909 were over 30 per cent higher than during the ten year period, 1890-1899. Compared with 1902, when fish products appear to have been on lower levels than at any other time of the twenty year period, an advance of approximately 45 per cent is shown. : The tables and charts of the products of the Atlantic fisheries will show at a ars the main fluctuations in prices. The low year was 1892 and the high year Canned lobsters—In connection with the pronounced upward tendency of canned lobsters, namely, an increase of 59 per cent compared with the base period and of over 75 per cent compared with 1890-1895, the following comparative statement of the prices of live and canned lobsters, both furnished by the same shipping company, is of interest :-— WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 . 29 Lobsters, market Lobsters, canned, Tee size, per Ib. per lb. $0.08 $0.20 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.20 0 084 0.20 0.09 0.2¢ 0.09 0.2u 0.09 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.35 0.10 0.35 0.10 0.35 0.12 0.30 0.11 0.35 It will be seen that while the price of live lobsters have increased 50 per cent, that of canned lobsters has advanced 75 per cent. Salmon trout and whitefish—Salmon trout and whitefish show a range from 4c. to 18c. and from 44e. to 15c. respectively, in the tables. Both were, on the yearly average, at their lowest in 1898, and at their highest in 1907. They are now over 40 per cent above the level of 1890-1899, and over 75 per cent higher than they were eleven years ago. Canned salmon.—The price of. canned salmon was 49 per cent above that of the base period in 1908, but dropped to 40 per cent above in 1909. Between 1898 and 1908 a rise of approximately 60 per cent took place. A marked drop in price will be observed in the table of this product every fourth year. These declines occur in the years following the ‘big run’ of sockeye salmon and are to be attributed to this cause, prices advancing steadily during each of the three intervening years, when stocks became smaller. Prices are usually fixed for the year in the summer months, shipments beginning in August and the pack being as a rule well disposed of by the end of the year. It may be mentioned, in passing, that the inquiry into meat packing methods at Chicago, Ill., in 1907, had the effect of greatly enlarging the demand for canned salmon and of increasing prices. A record of the packs of all grades of the various years since 1891 is as follows :*— No. of cases, 1 lb. YEAR. tins Sockeye Talls. TSO Doi Saccvoneien: Qwieh cake n netic Uae, BL ERE Aaiire MUNG Sa oe Hume Oi eat ORe ema 314,893 UNO os ss vee cies thee sanaeaateth ok cchtadng aise’ bist eles aerate vanernas nc Oedakn nal iialeGre brace tste nasa 228,470 WS 98 i sesaaseaune pee teace hase” Healt Rinne Sead Mae SAGAN Ran a Ageia ese ava ee aa ceca Dvedete 590,229 W894 os cdieweansse, Pata yteaedee Sgiaeed yee Gees whey ieee ciate Meaee ios 494,371 MBO die sacncasyasei st aisatviaen eoveearata ea intie nee ME TNE npislecais wilted Aly ohsh aaa sis ioanpistalsyS 566,395 1896 .... 22... we saaaaval eves Suase: oava Nicest cniye wveusisiee on Gaee esas vere canenuic a nOe eared Dyecolat a Canstapnie ama aesiss 601,570 TOOT ccs kingas- Sean MEMeNaeeaasean avd? SUBASSe ee ay aes ur Se catesatde eee ye wes 1,008,065 DBD 8 ihc sea eisdietcaiatene® tchate accckateitad Rareaicdna: Aaa wan Bava RiMeemteareey, waeek hele 484,161 DOOD ie tte aie cctea Ary ex ahah sa.aih, NGSX oy lah cay leat cuits Rosen aeebg ecce vote mes aac oR ASS bE nS 702,437 LOCOS ci cca e titanin ceaeamemn enitions ames sho sceinnls atu aialetnta whist en eats aie Gace a ahiee sels 585,413 LOOM iiss anrecercasaceistassiele ooo WU dbatidistewrt Pak Me bomareiiehe Dibah te hataMoghad insite nial cal ad 1,236,156 LOD os sists avs och xr susna fs ae uhs S duuclsna) shad Fa Goeitewre Ne eek Doma a Sasa MT oeNA SeRNEE UOTE eRe 625, 982 1908 57a leet re ag aay as oes Gea Be SARS ERDAS aT RAG wee w se cee hate meee 473,547 D904: 5s saceretsiosas nies sis cere sate eia SIR Repels ase oka TRAM ta edctunca ddan nee tthe “INES piace: Caeangere vonboycasstins 465,894 A906 eoiss tata leecernisione avenues iy steer “SPO KARL EMER Ges Vamenta wea 1,167,460 NOOG 35: caencilcleleah oe Ceaceuais Weeaisesednn eos nike laqeeeaetine. nglosds dane oueae 629, 460 1907 ..... Dd: javacnvesctte win ech 85 Gb eR astianee dare ares dae al ala nulauaioincses Got web eedatacne rdlandnetne 547,459 1908 scrasie Chava th witcher cabeieadiannateareGees SBee Gaus rhe Mel ag woes ese’ i 542,689 * Statistics from the year 1891 to 1896 are from the Year Book of British Columbia, 1897, page 260. Those for the period from 1897 to 1908, were furnished by the British Columbia Canners’ Association. 30 ‘DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Prices paid by the canners for fish vary from year to year. As compiled from the records published in the Labour Gazette they have been during the past nine years as follows :— In 1901 the price per fish was 123 cents during July and 10 cents during August. In 1902 the following schedule was in force:— Per fish. -Cents. Up to a pack of 200,000 cases.. 6. 6. ce ce ce ce ce ee te te ee ee te te ee oe 20 From 200,000 to 250,000 cases.. 6... ce ce ce ce ce ee ee te ee te ee ee te ee 18 250,000 16 SEOQU0 aa ain eee RE RS RE Oe OH OE RE ee ee HE WO Se He 163 350;000: t6::400,000° SS oa. ke gee bas Gel vk Gal cane Kas ae ee ee eer cee: 188 AOD, 000 ty 250000 8" uo a a ee. Gh ad doe WE ome AS Se SH He Se ee 124 450,000 ‘to: 500,000- “vs a de ae ea ea ee et a oe ae ee oe as oe we ve. LTE 500,000 to 550,000 “© ss aa ok ee ae ee ce ee ee ee Ge a Oe oH ee we ve HD In 1903 the price paid per fish was 15 cents in July and 14 cents in August. The year 1904 was a very poor year and schedules were irregular. ; In 1905 the price paid per fish was 12} cents in July and 10 cents during the rest of the season. In 1906 the price per fish was 25 cents in July and 20 cents in August; the same rates prevailed in 1907. In 1908 the price paid per fish was 25 cents throughcut the season. In 1909 the price paid per fish was 124 cents in July and 10 cents in August. V.—Other Foods. Summary.—Under this heading are included fruits, fresh and dried; vegetables, fresh and tinned; flour, tea, sugar and general groceries. The complete list is as follows :—Beans, biscuits, chocolate, coffee (Rio and Santos), cream of tartar, flour (four varieties), apples, bananas, grapes, peaches, pears, plums, evaporated apples, currants, raisins, honey, maple sugar, molasses, oatmeal, black pepper, rice, salt, soda, sugar (granulated and yellow), tapioca, tea, potatoes, turnips, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, and vinegar. The general price level of these commodities is at present below that of twenty years ago. Prices were about 20 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899 in 1890 and 1891. From that period until 1897, however, there was a considerable de- cline; but from 1897, the movement was again upward, until a point twelve per cent above the ten year average was reached ten years later. Since 1907 the general level has declined to a point seven per cent above the base average. Compared with 1897, prices in 1909 were 25 per cent higher. Beans.—Beans which were as low as 50c. a bushel in 1897 sold for $2.60 per bushel in 1909, a rise of over 300 per cent in the past 12 years. Prices were also high in 1890, 1900, 1903, 1905 and 1907, though the level in 1908 and 1909 has been higher than at any previous time within the twenty year period, being in 1909, 77-9 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899. : Biscuits—Soda biscuits also reached their highest point in 1909, when prices were 21-7 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899, and nearly 30 per cent above those of 1896 and 1900, the low years. Chocolate-—Chocolate was downward in price from 1890 to 1893. From the latter date it remained steady until 1901, rising thereafter to a point 10 per cent above the - level of the decade 1890-1899, and 14 per cent above the lowest year shown. Coffee.—(Rio and Santos).—Coffee is shown at less than half the price in 1909 compared with 1890. Prices have been fairly steady for the past eight years, the chief decline having occurred between 1891 and 1899. Cream of tartar—This commodity also showed a considerable decline between 1890 and 1895, and though prices have ruled higher in the interval, they are shown on practically the same level in 1909 as in 1895. Flour—tThe lowest years shown for flour were 1894 and 1899, and the highest 1909. The increase in the past ten years has amounted to over 40 per cent. The rise, however, has been by no means continuous. The years 1904 and 1905 were charac- terized by high prices. These were followed by a recession in 1906, a recovery in 190%, and a pronounced upward movement in 1908. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 31 Fruits, fresh.—Fresh fruits fluctuate rapidly owing chiefly to varying crop con- ditions. Apples reached their highest level in 1909. Bananas also were highest in that year. Peaches were higher in 1907 and grapes in 1900-1901, 1905 and 1906. Pears were highest in 1893 and plums in 1906. Fruits, dried—Evaporated apples were lower by over 35 per cent in 1900 than in 1890, but were 50 per cent higher than in 1897. Currants are 37 per cent higher than in the base decade, and over 75 per cent higher than in 1896, the low year. Raisins were at their highest point in 1890 and 1900, but are now 22 per cent below the aver- age for the decade, though 15 per cent above the low year, 1895. Honey.—Honey was higher in 1909 than previously recorded in the tables, being 47 per cent above the average for the base decade, and nearly 80 per cent above the low year, 1897. ; Maple sugar—tThis article was highest in 1907. The 1909 prices are 8 per cent above the level of the base decade and over 30 per cent above that of the low year, 1898. Molasses.—New Orleans molasses was very high in 1890-1891. It declined rapidly in 1892 and remained on a low level for several years. In 1900 it was 38 per cent below the average for the previous decade. In 1909 it was still 22 per cent below that average. , Oatmeal.—The high years for oatmeal were 1907, 1908 and 1909. In the last, the price was 43 per cent above that of the base decade and approximately 87 per cent above that of the low year, 1896. : Pepper—Black pepper, which was very high in 1890, reached its lowest point in 1895-1896. A considerable advance was recorded in 1900, and the high prices were maintained until 1909, when the level fell to one per cent above that of the decade 1890-1899 and approximately 33 per cent above that of the lowest years. Rice.—Rice in 1909 was 13 per cent above the level of the decade 1890-1899, and 19 per cent above the low years, 1894 to 1896. Salt.—Salt prices are considerably below those of 1890-93, though little change is shown since 1893. The sudden drop in 1892 is attributed to trade competition. In the last few years the tendency has been slightly upward. In fine salt the increase is attributed to the advance in the price of cooperage stock, coal, and the small bags in which it is packed. Dairy and cheese salt have been stationary for several years, on levels lower than those prevailing in 1890-1895. As supplementary to the table of jobbers’ prices for fine salt in bags quoted on a later page, the following state- ment, supplied by the courtesy of the Canadian Salt Company, Limited, of Windsor, Ont., will be of interest as showing the prices per barrel of three leading grades manu- factured by that company since it began business in 1894:— PERIOD COVERED. Fine Salt. | Dairy Salt. eter From June 1, 1894—Jan. 31, 1895........... alas Aes SR eh Rs $0.60 $1.50 $1.60 n Feb. 1, 1895—Nov. 30,1895..........00 cece eee ee 4 0.50 1.25 1.25 » Dec. 1,1895—Dec. 31, 1895.00.20 0c eee eee 0.65 1.50 1.50 » Jan. 1,1896—Mar. 31, 1896........ 0 202. 6 ce cee eee 0.70 1.50 1,50 wv April 1, 1896—June 30, 1897................0...008 5 A 0,70 1.3 1.30 u July 1,1897—Dec. 31, 1897 0.70 1.20 1.20 u Jan, 1, 1898—April 30, 1899 0.75 1.20 1.30 nu May = 1, 1899—Nov. 30, 1899. . 0.70 1.20 1.30 wn Dec. 1, 1899—Jan. 31, 1900.. 0.77 1.20 1 30 uw Feb. 1, 1900—April 30, 1901.. 0.80 1.20 1.30 u May = 1, 1901—April 30, 1903.. 0.80 1.20 1.80 « May 1, 1903—Feb. 29, 1904.. 6.90 1.20 1.30 wu Mar. 1,1904—Jan. 31, 1907.. 0.85 1.10 1.15 uv Feb. 1, 1907—June 30, 1907.. 0.78 1.14 1.24 n July 1, 1907—Dec. 31, 1907 0 82 1.19 1.28 wu Jan. 1,1908—Dec. 31, 1908 0.82 1.19 137 n Jan. 1, 1909—June 30, 1909 0.82 108 L.o7 82 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Soda.—Prices show a narrow range, being at their lowest in 1909, namely 20 per cent below the average for the base decade. Sugar—Both granulated and yellow sugars were z 1890 and 1891, though prices since 1902 have changed less violently. Granulated sugar was lowest in 1903, and yellow sugar lowest in 1895. The range in actual prices was from $3.40 per ewt. in April, 1895, to $7.25 in 1890, in the case of granulated sugar, and from $2-625 in April, 1895, to $6-375 in January, 1890, in the case of yellow sugar.* Tapioca—tThe lowest price recorded was 3c. per |b. in 1903. This rose to 74e. per Ib. in 1907. Prices on the whole were high in 1890, since when there has been a decline of over 30 per cent. The highest level was reached in 190/, with prices 40 per cent above the average for the base decade. Tea.—Japan tea prices were higher in 1908-1909 than in any previous year of the twenty year period. The advance in the latter year amounted to 32 per cent, compared with the base decade, and to 34 per cent, compared with the lowest years shown. The lowest actual price quoted for good common Japan tea was 16c. per lb., and the highest « - 25c. per |b. Potatoes.—Potatoes have been very high in price for six years past. The highest year was 1907, and the lowest 1896. In the latter year as low as 18c. per bag was recorded, and in the former as high as $1.30 per bag. Prices in 1909 were 42 per cent above the average of the base decade and over 160 per cent higher than those of the lowest year, 1896. Turnips.—Turnips in 1901-1902 were approximately 70 per cent above the average for the base decade. The years 1903 and 1904 were also very high. In 1909, however, prices were on or about the same level as in 1890, being about 7 per cent below the average for the decade 1890-1899. Canned vegetables.—Prices on the whole were lower in 1909 than in the base decade. Vinegar.—There has been a considerable decline in the price of vinegar during recent years, attributed to an increase in the nummber of manufactories and resultant competiton. Prices in 1908-1909 were 30 per cent below the average for the base decade. The duty on vinegar manufactured in bond, which was 3c. per proof gallon in 1870, was advanced to 4c. in 1880, and to 6c. in 1894. It was reduced to 4c. per gallon in 1897 and has since remained unchanged. VI—Textiles. Wool and woollens——To obtain a series of quotations that would accurately re- flect the course of prices of woollen fabrics in Canada was found a matter of con- siderable difficulty, owing largely to the absence of manufacturers’ standards. Manu- facturers of woollens vary their makes from season to season according to the dic- tates of fashion, the varying prices of the raw material, and the demand of jobbers for goods to be sold at a certain price. The cost of wool and the rates of wages are the factors which chiefly govern the price of the finished product. To reflect the former a series of quotations for Ontario washed and Ontario unwashed wool were obtained. As reflecting the finished product, quotations for a well known Canadian yarn, a line of knitted underwear and a standard woven fabric were obtained from leading manufacturers. In quoting these articles care was taken to see that where any change in quality was introduced a corresponding change in price quotation was made by the manufacturers in order that the statistics might be on a uniform basis throughout. 3° The final results show that prices were highest in 1906 and 1907 and lowest in 1902, the advance in five years amounting to approximately 50 per cent. Compared with the general level of the decade 1890-1899, wool prices in 1906 were 28-9 per cent, much cheaper in 1909 than in “Since the beginning of 1910 prices have rapidly advanced for all grades of sugar. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 33 and in 1907 23-8 per cent higher. There was a pronounced decline in 1908, and a con- siderable recovery in 1909, prices in the latter year being 14-2 per cent above those of the base decade. As supplementary to the wool tables in Part I. the following charts prepared by Mr. E. B. Biggar, Proprietor and Editor of the Canadian Textile Journal, on. the prices and production of Ontario wool will be of interest :— CHART OF PRICES AT ONTARIO WOOLEN MILLS, 1871 To 1908. 1 This chart shows the prices—indicated in cents by the figures at the sides—of certain: wools from 1871 to 1908. The heavy black line shows the price of Ontario combing wools, washed, in the Toronto market. The dotted line next above shows the price, in England, of English Lincoln wools of a class corresponding with’ Ontario combing wools. The line interrupted with single crosses, starting in 1890, gives Kentucky quarter-bred and three-eighths blood wools of ‘a type at present nearest to Ontario wools, but these prices are for unwashed wools. The same wools, if washed, would show a range of prices about a third higher. The lines interrupted by double crosses and ending at 1887 show United States wools of a type formerly comparing with Ontario combing wools, but in the washed condition. Information for a con- tinuous record of wools of this class could not be obtained. The wavy line shows the prices realized by Ontario wools after being sold in the United States markets, show- ing a difference of 10 to 15 cents per pound more than is obtained by the Ontario farmer in his own market. The quotations, wherever obtainable, were in the months of May and June. The remarkable slump in prices of all United States wools, during the Wilson régime, when wool was on the free list, will be noticed. Note also that in the period from 1871 to 1875 Canadian wools in the United States Market ranged in price from 55c. to 90c. a pound, while the prices in Ontario in that period ranged from 33¢. to 52c. 13722—3 34 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR As bearing more or less directly on the problem of wool production in Ontario, the following chart showing conditions in the live stock industry of Ontario is given: CHART SHOWING NUMBER OF LIVE STOCK IN ONTARIO, 1841-1907. [OH i rPlwi Fla} ei 7 7 From the above chart it will be seen that the number of head of horses in Ontario has increased from 201,000 in 1851 to 725,600 in 1907, the number of cattle from 744,400 in 1851 to 2,926,000 in 1907, and the number of swine from 850,200 to 2,049,600 in the same period, while the number of sheep, after an advance till 1882 have declined on an average of years. Sheep raising advanced along with other live stock till.about the time of the introduction of the factory system in the woolen industry, when growth fell off till a stimulus was given to exports by the free wool tariff of the United States. From 1895, when.there were 2,022,700 head of sheep in Ontario, the number decreased, till in 1907 it was less than in 1861. Actual production of wool in Ontario from year to year since 1851 is shown in the following diagram :— WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 35 Wool Production in Ontario, 1851-1907. It will be seen from this chart that wool production increased till approximately the general introduction of the modern factory system in the province. From the decade of 1871 it ceased to grow with population, and has since declined to 4,500,000 pounds, or 1,900,000 pounds less than in 1871. If production had increased in the same ratio as population, the Ontario wool clip of 1907 would have been 9,600,000 pounds at the average weight of fleece in 1871 (34 pounds). But the average weight of fleece has increased from 32 pounds in 1882 (in 1851 it was only 21%.— pounds) to 6% pounds in 1907, at which rate the clip of 1907 would have been over 13,700,000 pounds. It will also be seen that woolen manufactures developed along with wool production, till the advent of the factory system in the province. Cotton and cotton goods.—Considerable difficulty was met in securing a series of quotations that might be regarded as reflecting fluctuations in the price of cotton goods in Canada during the past twenty years. Standards are frequently changed both in the weave and in the raw material used. Prices are particularly affected by three causes, namely, the price of raw cotton, the amount paid for labour, and compe- tition from foreign countries. The last mentioned is felt particularly when trade is depressed in Great Britain and the United States, when representatives of the English and American mills invade the Canadian market. As on the whole best reflecting the price of the raw material, a quotation is given for raw cotton, upland, middling, in the New York market back to 1890, the statistics being those employed for a similar purpose by the United States Department of Labour. The table shows cotton to have been on a very high level for the past six years, and especially in 1904 and 1909, when prices were 55-9 per cent above the average for 1890-1899. Since 1898, the low year, raw cotton has more than doubled in price, having been as low as 5-875. per pound in 1897 and as high as 15-3. in 1909. The year 1890 was a high year, prices having passed 12. per pound in June and August. ' In dealing with Canadian manufactured cottons a broad division was made between grey and bleached goods on the one hand, the manufacture of which is con- trolled by the Dominion Textile Company, Limited, and woven coloured fabrics or yarn dyed cotton goods,. manufactured by the- Canadian Coloured’ Cotton Mills Company, Limited. By the courtesy of these companies, a record was obtained of the average value of their product back to 1890. This was estimated on a pound basis, in which the mill accounts are kept, in view of the variations in styles above referred to. 18722—34 35 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Though the method of quoting finished product by the pound is not wholly satisfac- tory, inasmuch as the number of yards per pound varies from time to time owing to changes of standards and to variations in the proportionate production of fine and coarse goods, it is believed that in the present. instance it enables a fairly accurate opinion to be formed as to price tendencies of Canadian manufactured cottons during the past two decades. The average yearly price of 150 lines of Canadian cottons manufactured by the’ Dominion Textile Company, Limited, has increased from 18-19c. per pound during the years 1895 to 1899, when prices were at their lowest, to 23-25c. during the past four years, when prices have been higher than at any time since 1891. The fluctuations of woven coloured cotton fabrics (ginghams, cottonades, shirt- ings, saxonys, &c.), information concerning which was obtained by courtesy of the Montreal Coloured Cotton Mills Company, have been much the same as those of grey cottons. The low years were from 1895 to 1900, with prices in the neighbourhood of 25-27c. per pound. The high years were from 1905 to 1809, when prices ranged from 33-36c. per pound. The years 1890 and 1891 were also high years, prices being 32¢. in the former and 1-2c. in the latter. : The record of prints by the yard shows the low years to have been from 1894 to 1897, with prices from 6-71 to 6-78c. There was a rise in 1898-1899, and a pronounced risé in 1900, followed by a recession until 1907, when the highest price recorded, namely, 9-04c. was reached. In 1908 the price fell to 8-32c., but rose to 8:54e. last year. The high price of raw cotton is held chiefly accountable for the higher prices of the past few years. Silk.—Raw silk, Italian and Japan, was high in 1890, but declined to its lowest point in 1896. From the latter year until 1907 a gain of 50 per cent was shown. There was a rapid fall in 1908, with a slight recovery in 1909, prices being very close to the average for the base decade in the latter year. Silk threads have been stationary for eight years past, but are considerably lower than during the early portion of the twenty-year period. Compared with 1890, the highest year shown, the decline has amounted to between 20 and 25 per cent. Linen products——Flax fibre was lower in 1899 than in any year since 1903, but was still seven points above the average for the decade_1890-1899. In 1895, the low year, prices were 25 per cent below that average. Prices in 1890 were the same as in 1909. Coarse and fine mixed tow, on the other hand, have fallen very rapidly since 1907, being now less than one-third the price of two years ago. From 1900 to 1907, prices were on a very high level, being double those of the base decade. Prices are at present on the same level as in 1891, 1892, 1893 and 1895, namely, 40 per cent below those of the standard decade. Flax sewing twine has risen 10 per cent in the past 12 years, having shown little or no change since 1905, and being, in 1901, on the highest level recorded in the tables. Other textiles—Jutes and hessians were very high in 1906 and 1907, but have since fallen to a point 12 per cent above the average for the decade, but nearly 25 per cent above the level of prices in 1898, the low year. Prices of oilcloth are lower than in 1890 to 1893. Fluctuations since the latter year have been comparatively narrow, though the present prices are approximately 18 per cent above those of 1899, the low year. VII.—Hides, Tallow, Leather, Boots and Shoes. Prices in this group were on an average 385 per cent higher in 1909 than in the - decade 1890-1899, being higher than in any other year of the twenty-year period. The ‘ low year was 1896, since when the increase has amounted to 45 per cent. Hides.—The most pronounced rise in the whole group was that which took place in 1909 in the price of No. 1 inspected steers’ and cows’ hides. The price, which had been as low as 3c. a pound in 1894, touched 14c. in 1909, and remained on or about that level for several months. No. 1 green calfskins showed an almost equal rise, the WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 : 37 price having stayed at 16c. per pound for some months in 1909, this being the highest quotation shown in the table; in 1894 the price was 6c. through almost the whole year. Horsehides were higher in 1890 and 1891 than-at present, but have been con- siderably lower in the interval, especially in the years 1894 and 1897. Tallow.—Tallow reached its highest level in 1902, and its lowest in 1897. In 1909 it was about 12 per cent above the average for the base deeade, a level approximately the same as that of 1907 and 1890. Leathers.—The years 1906 and 1907 were the highest for leathers, though prices in 1909 were only slightly below, being in the case of heavy uppers, higher. The low years were from 1894 and 1890. Heavy uppers also showed the widest range in actual prices, namely, from 20c. per pound in July-October, 1896, to 48c. per pound in October-December, 1909. Boots and Shoes.—The three representative lines chosen for the purposes of the investigation were, a heavy working boot, pegged; a box calf blucher bal, Goodyear welted; and a woman’s dongola bal, fair stitched. The two latter showed very much . the same movement, namely, a steady increase amounting to between 20 and 25 per cent during the past 12 years.- The first shows a much more rapid advance, the in- crease in 1907, 1908 and 1909 prices being approximately 50 per cent compared with prices during the decade 1890-1899. ‘VIII.—Metals and Implements. Under this heading, twenty-seven series of quotations are given, of which seven- teen are of metals and ten are of implements. The metal quotations include seven series of iron, and one series each of antimony, brass, copper, lead, silver, solder, spelter, steel, tin and sheet zinc. -Under implements are included anvils, axes, grind- stones, hammers, horseshoes, mallets, picks, bench wood screws, soldering irons and vises. Broadly speaking, metals were comparatively high in price in 1890, but declined rapidly until 1897, when they were 15 per cent below the average of the decade 1890- 1899. From this point there was a rapid recovery, followed by a decline in the years 1902, 1903 and 1904. In 1906 and 1907, however, a very high level was reached, chiefly owing to the high price of copper, antimony, tin and steel. There was a marked falling off in 1908 and a still further decline in 1909, in which year the general level was less than two per cent above that of the base decade. In the group of implements cited, prices have been much less variable; the record from 1890 to 1909 shows an extreme variation of less than 14 per cent between the lowest and the highest points, which occurred respectively in 1897 and 1907. In 1909 the general level was 2-4 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899. Among individual commodities, the following are the most striking fluctuations shown :— : Antimony.—The course of antimony has been extremely variable. In 1890 the price was 67 per cent above that of the decade; seven years later, prices were approximately 30 per cent below the same standard. After a slight rise and further fall, the price was almost trebled between 1904 and 1906. The high level was main- tained until 1907, but the decline since has left the metal approximately 30 per cent below the standard of 1890-99. Copper.—Copper has likewise shown some notable variations, the low points being in 1894 and 1895, and the high points in 1899, 1906 and 1907. The present low price of copper is attributed in part to the competition of aluminium, which is now used extensively in electrical work where copper formerly had a virtual monopoly. Iron.—Averaging the several quotations of iron, the high points were shown to be 1900 and 1907, and the low points 1898 and 1904. Iron in 1909 was lower than at any time since 1905. Lead.—Lead, after declining considerably from 1890 to 1895, rose rapidly to 1900, after which most of the gain was lost, until in 1906 recovery was again made. The 38 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR highest point reached was in 1907, when the price was approximately 45 per cent above the normal. In 1909 it had fallen again to normal. Silver—Silver from 1890 to 1894 declined very rapidly. Since then, fluctuations have beeen of a minor character until the past two years, when a further decline occurred. Tin—Tin reached its lowest point in 1897, but nearly doubled in price within . two years thereafter. The high level has been maintained since. In 1907 the price _was approximately double that of the base period. It has since fallen, but is still 50 per cent above the normal. Zinc.—Zine saw its lowest point in the twenty-year period in 1906, when the index number was 80-7. Two years later the index number was 134-7. In 1906 the number was 132-0, but this fell to 114 in 1908 and to 107-3 in 1909. Implements——Among the several implements quoted, the only one showing violent fluctuations was grindstones, which advanced rapidly in the two years following 1900. The advance was maintained for four years, but about half of it has been lost since 1906. Speaking generally, the tendency in many lines of hardware, including work- ingmen’s tools, has been downward during the past decade, owing to increasing com- petition between manufacturers. IX. —Fuel and Lighting. Under fuel and lighting, coal and coke were selected as representing fuel, and coal oil and calcium carbide as representing lighting. To these, matches were added. Under the heading of coal it was sought to obtain prices representing the four chief sources of Canadian consumption, namely, Nova Scotia, Pennsylvania, the Rocky Mountain coal fields, and the coal fields of Vancouver Island. The quota- tions given for run of mines bituminous, on the wharf at Montreal are of Nova Scotia coal, and represent also the competitive price of Pennsylvania bituminous brought in by rail. The quotations of wholesale anthracite at Montreal may be taken as representing the standard of consumption throughout the portion of Canada depen- dent on this source for domestic fuel. Quotations of Crow’s Nest Pass bituminous, from the opening of the mines up to the present, have been obtained, and quotations of Vancouver Island from 1903, the date when the Western Fuel Company began operations. The last mentioned quotations are not included in the calculation, the department desiring to obtain a record back to 1890, though unable to do so up to the date of publication. It will be seen that both Nova Scotia and British Columbia bituminous are con- siderably higher than during the decade 1890-1899; anthracite is also higher. The high prices shown for the latter in 1902-03 are accounted for by the strike of coal miners in Pennsylvania which occurred at that period. Connellsville coke, which is extensively consumed by manufacturing establish- ments in Ontario, and Crow’s Nest Pass coke, which supplies the smelters of British Columbia, are quoted as representing coke prices. The Dominion Iron and Steel Company and other large concerns in Canada manufacture their own coke. The index number shows Connellsville coke to be 17 per cent higher than in the decade 1890- 1899, but lower than in 1890, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1906 or 1907. The highest point shown is in 1903, but 1902, 1906 and 1907 were high years. The lowest year was 1894, when coke dropped 38 per cent below the average of the ten-year period. Crow’s Nest Pass coke has been very steady, variations being within a range of 10 per cent. It is at present at approximately the same price as ten years ago. Coal oil, both Canadian and American, shows a pronounced downward tendency during the past 12 years. Canadian oil which was selling for 20 cents a gallon in 1890 and higher in 1892-95, is now at 154 cents. In American oil the drop has been greater, owing to the fact that American oil which twenty years ago sold at 5 cents a gallon higher is now to be bought at the same price as Canadian, and has also shared the decline of the latter product. The fact that the best American crude oil WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 39 may be imported into Canada for refining purposes free of duty is held to account for the approximation in prices between the two products. The general decline is accounted for by the competition of other methods of lighting, and by improvements in the manufacturing and distributing processes. Numerous by-products previously little used (e.g. gasoline) are now in large demand. The tank wagon system of delivery has also cheapened the product. The manufacture of calcium carbide was begun in Canada in 1894. The price held for five years at $76 per ton, but dropped to $70 in 1900-1901. Since that date it has sold at $65. Matches show an increase of 29 per cent in 1909 compared with the. ten-year period. The increase is accounted for by the increase in raw materials and wages. As supplementary to the table published in Part I of the report, the E. B. Eddy Company of Hull, Que., has furnished the following statement with regard to the manufacturer’s net selling price for Telegraph matches :— For the years 1901, 2 and 8.. .. “4h va 5 BRO f6,* WAG aE 1904, 5 and 6.. teat we B10 « «1907, 8 and 9.. 4 00 the gradual increase being stated as ‘due to the steady advance in wages for the past 9 or 10 years, and to the increased cost of all raw material entering into the manufac- ture of these wares.’ X.—Building Materials. (A) LUMBER. In dealing with lumber, the object has been to make the statistics as representa- tive as possible of trade conditions in this important industry throughout Canada. As representative of the industry in the Maritime provinces, New Brunswick shingles and New Brunswick spruce are taken. Some difficulty was experienced in selecting grades that would actually represent the great lumbering industry of Ontario and Quebec. In the case of pine, a high grade product, a medium grade product and a low grade product at Ottawa are chosen. A high grade pine product at Toronto, as representing the output of the Georgian Bay mills, is added. Of recent years, with the increase in the price of pine, hemlock as a cheaper substitute has come into exten- sive use, and is added for that reason, though it reflects closely the tendency of lower grade pines. Perhaps the best criterion of lumber tendencies in this connection are the figures which were obtained from certain large manufacturing concerns of the Ottawa valley, showing the average price at which their entire cuts were disposed of from year to year back to 1890. Though the quality of the logs may have varied in different years, thereby entailing variations in the apportionment of grades, the figures in question are based on the outputs of several mills, with the result that this ten- dency is probably obliterated. The figures show a rise from $12 per thousand feet in 1890-2 to $21.50 per thousand in 1907, the high year. In the case of hardwoods, birch, soft maple and red oak at Toronto have been quoted.* The trend of pzices of British Columbia lumber prices during the past twenty- five years is indicated in the following table which shows the average prices at which lumber cut on Dominion lands in the railway belt was sold. From 1884 to 1902.. .. 1. 1. ewe ee ee ee ee ae oe $10 00 per M. feet, BM. Year 1908.. .. .. .. ~» 1527 se © 1904.. .. 0... 15 30 a SE 1905 ie! Cone eaieone hi 14 95 ra FE W908 wis cee. ese a 14 95 7 190 secon ae 16 25 1 88 SE 1908 ee weyers ate ag 17 00 o PADI 2 va atta: Aa oe Fees ey be Ge ae « it will be seen that after a period of stationary prices (1890 to 1895), lumber prices declined somewhat in 1896, 1897 and 1898. Since the latter date, however, _ * Arrangements have been made for including British Columbia fir and British Columbia shingles in the list, but statistics were not obtained in time for publication in this report. 40° DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR there has been a very pronounced upward movement, which reached its culmination in 1907. Subsequently, there was a falling off until the closing months of 1909, when some recovery was made. The increase in the case of pine amounted to fully 70 per cent. The higher grades have been steadier, but the lower grades have mounted very rapidly. The highest rise is shown in the case of pine laths, which more than quad- rupled in price between 1897 and 1907, and were in 1909 over 130 per cent above the average of 1890-1899. New Brunswick lumber advanced 50 to 60 per cent in the decade 1898-1909. In the hardwoods, the rise, as compared with the ten-year period, has been between 25 and 30 per cent, except in the case of oak, which advanced over 80 per cent. In explaining these pronounced advances in a product so important as lumber, the manufacturers point to several agencies which have combined to enhance operat- ing expenses. Supplies for the camps have advanced. Wages also have been increased, while the supply of experienced help has greatly declined, so that at the higher rate a less efficient staff of employees is available. The timber, moreover, is not so good as formerly, the logs being smaller, entailing a greater loss in driving, and a less return from a like amount of handling. The merchantable timber is found at increasing distances from the main streams. Added to this there has been a marked advance in stumpage rates; limits that sold at $3-$4 per thousand in 1890 are bringing $8-$10 per thousand at the present time. (B) MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIALS. The list includes bricks, cement, lime, plaster, &c., and some representative articles of builders’ hardware. On the whole, prices are shown to be higher than dur- ing the standard decade by 5-7 per cent. Bricks—Common building bricks were 46 per cent higher in 1909 than-in the decade 1890-1899. Since 1898, the low year, they have risen over 70 per cent. Fire bricks, on the other hand, have gone down, as compared with the decade, by 8-5 per cent, but are higher than in 1896. Cement.—Canadian Portland cement was lower in 1909 than in any previous year quoted, being 37 per cent below the decade 1890-1899. The highest year shown was 1890, but there was an upward movement in 1899-1900. Lime.—Lime had advanced steadily during the past ten years, being 27-6 per cent above the average for the base decade in 1909, and approximately 50 per cent higher. than in 1898. Prices between 1890 and 1898 declined about 20 per cent. Nails——Cut nails were lower in 1909 than in 1907. The highest year shown was 1900 (126-3), and the lowest, 1897 (81-2). Wire nails, which are now in such exten- sive use, did not appear in the trade journal quotations prior to 1897. They are some- what higher at present than in that year, and are 20 per cent higher than in 1898, the low year. As in the case of cut nails, the high year was 1900, since when the decline has amounted to fully 334 per cent. Pitch and tar—Crude coal tar is lower than during the decade 1890-1899 by 12-5 per cent. Pitch (Sydney roofing) has also declined considerably during the past eight years, but is higher than during the decade 1890-1899. Hinges, &c.—The quotations for heavy hinges show a pronounced rise since 1897, amounting to approximately 45 per cent. Sash weights are over 50 per cent higher. than ten years ago, but have been higher still in the interval. Soil pipe has shown little change for some six or eight years past, but is higher by over 30 per cent than in in 1896, though lower than in 1890. Wire fencing.—Wire fencing declined very rapidly from 1890 to 1898, the price in the latter year being only about one-third of the former. Subsequently there has been a recovery of about 40 per cent, but prices are still 30 per cent lower than dur- ing the base decade. In the case of wire cloth, the course of prices was somewhat similar, though fluctuations were less violent. Prices are now approximately 85 per cent below those of the base decade. : WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 41 % (C)—PAINTS, OILS AND GLASS. Fourteen articles are included under this heading. Averaging the whole, prices in 1909 were over 35 per cent higher than during 1890-1899. There was a decline of six points since 1907. The lowest year was 1897, since when the gain has been over 40 per cent. Between 1890 and 1897 a gradual fall, amounting altogether to 14 points, occurred. Benzine.—Prices have ranged from 12c. to 15c. per gallon within the 20-year. period. In 1909, they were 25 per cent above the base average. The highest year shown, however, was 1903, when prices were 87-9 per cent above those of the base decade. The low year was 1898. Glue—Prices showed only minor fluctuations. They were lowest in 1897, since when they have recovered to a point little removed from the average of the base decade. Linseed oil.—Linseed oil, raw and boiled, declined from 1890 to 1897, but rose. thereafter rapidly until 1901. There was a decline in 1904 and 1905, followed by a recovery. Prices are now approximately 10 per cent above the average of the decade 1890-1899. : Paris green—The highest year shown was 1907 with prices 76 per cent above the average for the base decade. Prices are now 15 per cent above that average, a gain of 27 per cent compared with the low year of 1893. Prepared paints.—Quotations for a standard grade of pure prepared paints show prices higher in 1908 and 1909 than at any previous time in the twenty years. Com- pared with 1897, the gain amounts to approximately 30 per cent. Putty.—Putty is somewhat lower than in 1902-1903, but is on about the same level as in 1896-1897. The lowest year was 1905, since when there has been a gain of nearly 14 per cent. Rosin.—In rosin, prices were low from 1890 to 1896. They rose abruptly 37 per cent in 1897, and continued on or about the same level until 1903 when a further pronounced rise amounting to at least 40 per cent took place. Since then there have been still further and very material increases each year until 1908-1909. Prices are now approximately four times those of twenty years ago. Shellac.—Shellac reached its highest level in 1904-1905, when it was about 30- 40 per cent above the average for the decade 1890-1899. In 1909, it had declined to 13 points below that average, being lower than at any previous time shown. Turpentine—Turpentine was somewhat high in 1890 and 1891, but had fallen by 883 per cent in 1896. There was a steady and very rapid rise from the latter year until 1900. After a decline in 1901 the rise continued until 1906, when prices were 82.5 per cent above the normal. There was a recession in 1907, and a further reces- sion in 1908, followed by a slight gain in 1909, when the averagé was 22 per cent above the decade 1890-1899, and approximately 50 per cent above the prices of 1895- 1896. Varnish—Varnish has been on a high level since 1301, the highest point being reached in 1902. In 1908 and 1909, prices were approximately 35 per cent above those of the base decade. The low year was 1899 since when the-rise has amounted to approximately 50 per cent. Venetian red, dry colour.—Fluctuations have been within a narrow range for the past twenty years. White lead—F rom the low year 1896, until the high year 1907, the gain has been approximately. 55 per cent. Since 1907, however, prices have rec:ded, though in 1909 they were still 17-5 per cent above the normal of the decade 1890-1899. Window glass.—The 1909 prices were over 90 per cent higher than those of 1895, the low year. Prices were high in 1890, but declined rapidly during the ensuing five years. 42 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR XI—House Furnishings. Furniture—Quotations were obtained for six representative lines, namely, kitchen tables and chairs, dining room tables and sideboards, bedroom suites, and: iron bedsteads. In all lines of wooden furniture a steady and pronounced rise in prices during the past twenty years is shown. On an average the increase since 1890 has amounted to approximately 50 per cent. The increase in wages and in the prices of hardwoods is held accountable by manufacturers for this advance, notwith- standing that there has been a marked improvement in machinery during the past twenty years, which has enabled a finer finish to be placed on goods and more ela- borate designs to be turned out with the same or less expenditure. In iron and brass bedsteads, on the other hand, there has been a pronounced de- cline. The line quoted is a continuous pillar bed of shipping weight, about seventy- five pounds. It shows a decline from $6.51 in 1890 to $3.50 in 1909. The explanation offered by a leading manufacturer is that the manufacture of this article in Canada has reduced the cost both of brass and iron bedsteads. Grockery and glassware, table cutlery and silver plated ware.—The general ten- dency in these lines has been downward, especially during the first half of the ten- year period, The goods are manufactured chiefly outside of Canada, especially in Great Britain, and the reduction in price is attributed largely to trade competition. The rapid decline in silver-plated ware in 1907 followed the opening of a large estab- lishment for the manufacture of this class of goods in Canada. Improvements in the manufacturing process have bettered the appearance of the goods. Kitchen furnishings—Pails, tubs and brooms are included under this heading. The various articles of tinware, hardware, &c., are not standarized to any extent in Canada and it was found impossible to obtain a satisfactory record back to 1890, outside of the raw materials represented therein. There has been an advance of from 12 to 15 per cent in pails and tubs compared with 1890, and of approximately 30 per _cent compared with the low years, 1896-1897. The most extraordinary advance, how- ever, is shown under the heading of brooms, which in the closing days of 1909 had considerably more than doubled, as compared with the prices ruling in 1890. This, however, was largely accounted for by a scarcity of broom corn last year following a failure of the yield in the United States, the cost of broom corn to the manufacturer having advanced from $8-$10 to $20-$24 per ton. Apart from this advance the price of brooms has been fairly stationary for the past ten years. XIT—Drvgs and Chemicals. Prices were on the whole higher in 1890 than at any time since. The lowest point was reached in 1899. There was a rapid recovery in 1900, after which prices remained steady. They then rose to within a short distance of the point reached in 1890, remaining on or about the level until 1907, there being a recession in 1909. In the last year prices were approximately 4 per cent above the level of the decade 1890- 1899, compared with 6-7 per cent below that average in 1899, and 10-5 per cent above it in 1890. , Alcohol,—65 over proof.—Prices were considerably higher in 1909 than in any previous year in the last twenty years. The rise from 1890 has been steady, though prices remained unchanged from 1898 to 1907. At present, prices are 25 per cent above the level of the decade 1890-1899 and fully 45 per cent higher than in 1890. Methylated spirits The price of methylated spirits remained steady for several years but recently declined very materially. It is now at least 50 per cent below the previous standard. Since the year 1888, all methylated spirits has been supplied by the Department of Inland Revenue, Canada, the privilege of manufacturing in bond having been with- drawn in that year. The price since charged by the department to manufacturers in the mechanical arts is shown in the following table:— WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1969 43 S: yecial | 90%, Grade No. 2 Grade No. 1, |Special: 99%) Grade No, 2,.| Grade No. 2. Year. Grain (Special ; (Standard). Alcohol, 10% (Standard. ) Violet.) Benzine. ) Imp. Gal. Imp. Gal. Imp. Gal. Imp. Gal. TE ee. Baws, © eee ae Sr eee kates ia 4 pee ae ReaY 1.60 fe Vette seuase nes 1.60 PSB Date eka id eyed eee) dices ae { 14g Ti1Ol. - lyetnatie 2.4 Motels y PGW aacalehcnahesgercus taitinie, aanialodads { ae Le : ( a 1906 (Aug.)......0-. 0 ceeeeee sod eect { Baa || SeeReetannee ed TOUR (OCR ais. sara ~ aoe yas ceyecenderes og th begs Bese se hee 1.00 1907: Gan: )izia —scavesinincelssaaielischan. O70” ean tate ies : 0.80 0.65 0.682 « L908 ve 4.68 Chitin BAT abet sale SAA hed Val eared eens mat thecal al de4 0.60! eit eeiceG veneers 0.582 1909 (Jian: onosctaaiweie ok per ewe Ne aarents 0.651 0.551 0.75 0.60 0,632 0.532 1 Consigned to points east of Toronto and west of Quebec. 2 Consigned to points beyond Toronto and Quebec. Alum.—Prices are on approximately the same level as in 1890, but were higher from 1891 to 1897 and lower from 1898 to 1908. Bleaching powder—Prices were high from 1892 to 1896 and again from 1900 to 1902. The year 1900 shows the highest level. They are now about 4 per cent below the average for the base decade. Borax declined very rapidly from 1890-1891 to 1898-1899. Since then there has been a partial recovery, though prices are still 35 per cent below those of the base decade. : Brimstone.—The highest year shown was 1892, following which there was a de- crease of 18 per cent followed by a recovery to a level slightly above the average for 1890-1899, Carbolic acid—This commodity was very high in 1890, but fell fully 70 per cent in the two following years. The lowest year was 1899, prices being then 20 per cent below the base decade. Prices again became very high in 1892, 1893 and 1894, in the last year standing at 78-5 per cent above the level of the base decade. There has ‘been a recession since, especially in 1909, but prices are still 58 per cent higher than in. the decade 1890-1899. Caustic soda.—Prices for this article were downward from 1891 to 1897, fol- lowing which there was a gradual rise to 1904, with a recession in 1905, to a point 5 per cent above the level for the base decade, a level which has been maintained since. Copperas.—Prices advanced 60 per cent between 1890 and 1891, but fell to an almost equal extent -in the following year and still further in 1893, 1897 and 1898. Prices are now the same as ten years ago, being approximately, 15 per cent below the level of the decade 1890-1899. Glycerine.—Prices in 1909 were on approximately the same level as during the base decade. They were highest in 1896 and 1890, and lowest in 1905, 1906 and 1907. Muriatic acid—This commodity was steady for the first seven years of the period. A pronounced rise occurred in 1898 and further increases in 1902 and 1903. In the latter year prices were 76 per cent above the normal. They declined in 1905 and advanced in 1909, but are still 17-6 higher than those of the base decare. Opiwm.—Prices were at their highest in 1909, namely, 41-2 per cent above those of the base decade. From 1890 to 1908 the variations were within comparatively narrow limits. . c 44 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Quinine.—Quinine prices have been downward especially during the past two years. The highest year was 1890, when prices were nearly double what they are at present. Soda ash.—From the low year 1900 until the present there has been a gain of over 40 per cent, though prices were on a higher level in 1891-1892. Sulphuric acid.—This important article has been steady for five years past, on a level nearly 40 per cent higher than that of the base period. The low years were from ‘1898 to 1903, when prices were 7 per cent below those of the base decade. VTII.—Miscellaneous. Under this heading are included furs, liquors and tobacco, and sundry materials, namely, binder twine, rope, rubber, soap and starch. Furs.—Four kinds of skins are grouped under this heading, namely, mink, musk- rat, racoon and skunk. The price record shows an exceedingly rapid upward move- ment during the past few years. In 1895, prices were 20 per cent below the average for the decade 1890-1899. Three years later they were 11 per cent above, and in 1900 they had reached a point 47-3 per cent above. A further upward’ movement occurred in 1903 and 1904, and by 1905 the index number showed a gain of 117 per cent. The highest point reached was in 1907 when prices showed a gain of nearly 140 per cent. There has been only a slight recession since. Lnquors and tobacco.——Liquor and tobacco prices were steadily upward from 1890 to 1907, the gain amounting to approximately 333 per cent. There was a reces- sion in 1908, but prices have been firm since. Malt was lowest in 1896 and 1899, the. gain from the latter year to 1907 being 55 per cent; there was a marked decline, however, in 1908. Whisky has varied only at considerable intervals. The same statement is true of ales, porters and tobacco. The price of liquors and tobacco is determined in part by the excise duties levied by the government. The following record of changes in the duty will assist in the explanation of the above price changes. Spirits. 1880. Duty increased to $1.00 per imperial gallon, proof, if made from raw or unmalted grain. Duty increased to $1.02 per imperial gallon, ns if made from malted barley on which no duty has been paid. ’ Duty increased to $1-03 per imperial gallon. pr dee. if made from molasses or other saccharine matter on which no duty of customs has been paid. 1885. Duty increased to $1.30 : ; ¥ a per imperial gallon, proof, respectively as above. ts ce 91.“ a e ED ‘ ae ez im ae aE 153 1895.“ ee 1 79 6e 6e : _ 1897.“ . 1.90 oe oe 1.92 ce ce ce ce he ic 1193 | Memo.—The test for duty at closed spirit receiver, was changed from gauge to weight, July 1, 1891. The gallon was determined by weight, for warehousing and ex- warehousing : of spirits, January 1, 1875. Malt. 1867. Duty Ie. per lb. 1877. increased to 2c. per Jhb. 1879. “* reduced to ie. per lb. 1891. “ raised again to 2c. per Ib. 1894. re “to lie. per Ib., at which it remains at present. Malt Liquor. 1867. Duty was 3ic. per wine gallon. 1877. increased to 8c. per imp. gallon. 1883. “reduced to des per imp. gallon. 1g91. “ raised to 10c. per imp. gall., on which is the present tariff. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 45 Tobaco. (Mave rrom Foruign Lear.) 1867. Duty was 10c. per lb. 1870. increased to 150. 1874. “ increased to 20c. 1883. “ reduced to 12c., except when put up in packages of less than ¥%o Ib., when duty remained at 20c. 1885. “ neeeee to 20c. per Ib., and 35c. per lb. when put in packages less than ¥0 Ib. 1891. “ made 25c. per lb., irrespective of size of packages, at which rate duty now remains. 1908. “ Rearrangement in the manner of collecting, duty being reduced to 5c. per \ Ib. and bulk of tax collected on foreign raw leaf, resulting in no increase in the aggregate. Binder twine —Binder twine was lower in 1899 than at any time since. In 1890,. prices were nearly 35 per cent above the base decade. In the low year, 1895, how- ever, they were nearly 30 per cent blow that standard. Prices were highest of all in 1902, but the decline has since been continuous. They are at present on approxi- . mately the same level as the average for the decade 1890-1899. Gunpowder.—The price of standard sporting gunpowder has remained unchanged during the twenty-year period. Rope, sisal—Prices are now on approximately the same level as during the decade 1890-1899, but there has been a heavy decline since 1907. The variations as a whole are the same as in the case of binder twine above. Rubbern—Rubber during 1909 was 85 per cent higher than during the decade 1890-1899. Compared with the low year, 1894, the gain has amounted to nearly 120 per cent. It may be added that prices since the beginning of 1910 have shown fur- ther advances. Sioap.—Soap is approximately 10 per cent higher than during the base decade, but there has been a rapid decline since 1907 and 1908. Starch.—Prices are at present 34 per cent higher than those of the base decade being somewhat lower than in the high year 1908. The low year was 1892, compared with which a gain of 50 per cent is shown. ~ Other Groupings. The groupings into which the commodities have been arranged were dictated largely by Canadian industrial and commercial conditions. Other arrangements of the commodities may be desirable with specific ends in view. For example, the following tables show the general level of prices in 1909, com- pared with those of the decade 1890-1899 for the following groups:—1. Crude farm products; 2. Manufactured farm products; 3. Imported foods; 4. All foodstuffs, and, 5. Products of the mine. Crude Farm Produce. Wheat, western.. 2. 6. 25 ce ce ce ce ee ee ee ee te ee ee ne ee ee ee ee 14065 Wheat, -Ontario.. 2. 6. 6. ee ee ce ee ee te re ete te ee ne ee ee ne ne oe 148-0 Oats, western... 2... ce ce ce ee ee ce ee te ee te ee ete ne ee ee ee ee oe 133-3 Oats, OntaTio.. .. 2. ee ee ce ce te ee et ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ne ee ee ee 150-7 Barley, western... 2. 6... ee ee ce ee ce ee ee ee te et te te ee ee ee ee oe 160-9 Barley, Ontario... .. 6. 6. ee ee ee ee ee ee te ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 145-1 Corn, No. 3, Ontario.. dei ouibe eee Sil i) ebuate, HRS wee warmed bla eta yh Cae, Bk Gos 164-6 Peas, Ova PiOeccco nae ist sate eee eas eee hdine inna ore oes we sete acess (ADB Rye, Ontario... 2. 6. ce ce ce ee ee ee ee te te ee te ee ee ee ee ee 140-4 aye rey oor aha eet nc tawe cee sia seid Soke clan Ohl eq peed Geo ibe ake nee TBD rO Straw.. .. i DS ihe ndee steel ect pats: Mamba ide Gyan Reis Met, Git sie TLSSES Cattle, western... cok NER Gab Ra de DA Be RE Na BS ARR, Be a Pe Se 112-4 Hogs, Ontario.. 6. 6. 6. ee ee ee ce eee ee ee ee te ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ES Cattle, Ontario... 6... ce ce ce ce ce te ee ee te re te ee ee ne ee ee ne ee 152-2 Sheep.. oo ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ee ee ee ee te ee ee ee ee ee ee te ee ee ee 100-0 ow] Sis con vse wks waa aa ap age wes pao cke we SO Sal cae Jon eee Gis fed ee Sea eee 88D Turkeys.. 6. 5. 0 ce ce ee ee te ee te ee te te ne ee te ne ee ne ee ns ian Hg@Sec 2d sie eer Wie we Ho we Be en AAG eR He SS Gee a ee ee le ge ii = Beas co ack wb ake deine MAE A RS ee Se RTE A ee ae Ba TED Honey. Irae Ie Stk Minay. Task Cahoratah at tiles wer ease rniatels keene in Aster ceiie Teper eed toe Wool washed... (nek: be Win ar Ge Alb wae! EOS GP as, Soe oe ee TOE DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Crude Farm Produce—Continued. Wool, unwashed.. Se Vick naked EK tok ail MOE ae LANE Ao ESE By, BEA MOTD, Apples.. ee eho Glee my he iste, a! Seek sala! wen zag MAb (oa AER, Gagne | ever em BE Vee oe 150-5 Grapcs.. a Seca Peaches. . vite ie GG de gis oales Gd ae RRL O R AS By PEATEs fi ka WE SO LTRS EE SE A we ea Se ee we Ga ke ae ae ee PIWING: «a ca dare: Googe! on Gu my Del cee a Gh Oe Rm Ree eh Re Ee ee Potatoess é sw be wa cb a we BO Se BY Oe ae Lm we RE wig Ge eee a Re eo ee MTUPNIPS.. 6 be we he Be ee be RE ee ge ee be ne ee ee ee en oe mes ie eels a coe ah hk Phe Ras eka 22 As ee ee . Manufactured Farm Products. Flour, straight roller... 2. 6. 6) ee ce ce ee ee ee ce ee ee ee ee te ee ae 136-7 Flour, strong bakers.. .. bok Ree Rede we oe eae AEE BP Oe ee A's Flour, winter wheat patents... Senggise Rat Rae IL INE GIS Mth Sete ot! bins 3a eee ve aes Ge (DEED Flour, came Ane patents. wens Hee Ra ies a Vara ae ae be ek Ee oe Ral Oh 18D Bran.. .. -- be del ide Re coke ae oe. ey ae a BE RE RE, BE A Ee Shorts.. sds tk wih We els Me Savy eee BE AY BO WG Be ae eee Ge ae ar O22 Oatmeal.. alot Avice Mer Sk OS EES Bi ee She wee On Awe ied he as, ae Beef, dressed. . Soe iy ik TA Rs Ree eE eR aM WON, ON Ae on aaa A een es ata, GSI Veal, ARSSeOd sy. ca dus Ki Te ame We ees Ba ea ee Pec Sh ate Become oe oe 1826 Mutton, dressed. Sd oe Na eR ay AS Uy was alert ata eine ae cate as Wiss Salt pork.. Ua wong weil Angas ED BEE RO Mi SO BE, US Be ae: Ce LOL Hides, steers “and ROWS eee ws fees bby Baws Wk wah BS) eh Marie seo Be eae ee OO Galfskins.. 6. ce ee ce ee te ce ee te re ne ee ne ee ne ne ee ne ne ee ne ae Horsehides. . Jer tangs git io Cats

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II. ANIMALS AND MEATS. English boneless breakfast bacon. Beef, dressed. Cattle, western. Butcher’s cattle, choice steers. Fowls. Hams, smoked, medium size. Hogs, choice selects. Hogs, dressed. . Lard, pure. Mutton dressed. Pork, heavy Canada, short cut mess. Sheep, export ewes.' Turkeys. Veal, dressed. ¢ - 67 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 68 6OLF.ST JE8S-FT |8G6.FT [605.91 JOST .FT /2E6.ZT [€€e. 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20 | f90 | 90 | go I: oe eee 4qne OL It | ot jot-60 | 80 60 60 | 80-%20| 80 |80-%20, 80 Social 90 |60- L0/20-§90]20- 90} 20 | 90 | ¥90 | 90 | ct = aune Ot | et |gt-etl ot | “"**] at | on | so-f20] 80 | $80 | 60 | 20-90] 90 [60- 20] 80 |40- 90/%10-20) #90 |80-20 |20-90 J “key OI-GO | Bt |oT-¥20/60-F80]80-$20) Go | 80-2ol S0-#20) 80 to | so | 90 90 | 20 |40-¥90} 90 |¢40-20) 20 | 20 | 20 28 RS: nee “pady OI-GO | ZI |IT- Gol6o- go] $40 | GO | 80-20/¢20-Fy0/F20- 20} so | #40 | Go | 90 20 |\L0-%90; 140 (20-20) $20 | 20 LO |e ees “yore OT-60 | ZT [Zt- ol] 60 | ¥20 60 )%20-2o\t20- 20! 20 $20 Go | 90 | $20 |20- col $20 | #40 | $20 | $90 | LO Joc Axensiqog TI-60 | 3 }GI- 01] 60 80 60 |¥20-20|F20- 20) s0-40/80-%20] $20 | #0 | #20 |60-80 |20-F90|/F20-20| ZO | $20 | #90 | LO fo Arenuee “$40 “sqyo "S40 “$40 “$40 “syo *s]0 $70 "999 “sqo "$40 "$99 "899 *$40 “$40 "So *$40 "sqo "$39 "870 “GOGT | “806T | “LOGT | “9O6T | “GOGT | “FOGT | “C061 | “ZOGT | “LOGT | “OOGT | “66ST | “86ST | “L6ST | “96ST | “COST | “FEST | “COST | “EST | “TEST | “O68T “yqUOyy “42004 WOIPHUD/) 9Y,J, Way suoTyejonb f yQuour yove jo Aep yoyreur qsay ey uo “auQ ‘ojuoIOg, ye punod sod eog ‘(yse1q) HSIADLIH A ‘pepnpuog—HSld “AI—'6061-0681 “‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIUd AIVSHIOHM ‘gg ‘ON TIAV, {GNGI-OGST ‘SHON AIVSHTION M ‘VAVNVQ ‘UNOAVT AO LNAWLUVaAd TABLES. V. OTHER FOODS—GROCERIES, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, ETC. 37, 38. 39. 40, 41. 42, 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48, 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68, 69. 70, 71, 72, Beans, hand picked. Biscuits, soda. Chocolate. Cogee, Rio No. 7. Coffee, santos.. Cream of tartar. Flour, straight rollers. Flour, strong baker’s. Flour, winter wheat patents. Flour, Manitoba, first patents. Fresh fruits: Apples, good seasonable. Bananas, crated. Fresh fruits, grapes, Concords. Fresh fruits: Peaches, Leno covers, No. 1 fruit. Fresh fruits, pears. Fresh fruits, plums. Dried fruits: Apples, evaporated. Fruits, dried; currants, patras. Fruits, dried: Raisins, sultanas. Honey, strained. Maple sugar. Molasses, New Orleans. Oatmeal, standard. Pepper, black, pure. Rice, Patna. Salt, fine, in 3 lb. bags. Soda, bicarbonate of. Sugar, Montreal granulated in bbls. Sugar, yellow in bbls. Tapioca, medium pearl. Tea, good common Japan. Vegetables, fresh: potatoes. Vegetables, fresh; turnips. Vegetables, canned: corn, 2’s. Vegetables, canned: peas, 2’s. Vegetables, canned: tomatoes, 3’s. 93 94 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT OF LLABOUR, CANADA, WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TaBLe No, 37, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1800-1909—V. OTHER FOODS. BEANS, HAND PICKED. Price per bushel at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from The Toronto Globe. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. |* 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ $ 3 $ $ $ | $ 1 55-1 60) 1 50 1 25-1 50, 1 25-1 40,1 35 1 35 0 95-1 10 1 55-1 60) 1 40 1 25-1 35, 150 | 1 30 1 35 0 95-1 10 1 50-1 55) 1-50-1 55| 1 20-1 30; 1 50 1 30 1 35 1 00-1 10 1 50 50-1 55' 1 15-1 25' 1 50 1 20 1 50 1 00 1 50-1 60/ 160 | 1 15-1 25; 1-50 1 20 1 60 0 75-0 80 1 50-1 60] 1 60-1 70, 1 00-1 15) 1 25-1 40; 1 20 1 60 0 75-0 80 1 50-1 60' 1 60-1 70, 1 00 1 25-1 40; 1 20 1 70 0 70 1 65-1 70; 1 70 1 20-1 30) 1-25-1 30) 1 20 1 70 0 75 1 80-1 90} 1 75 1 20-1 35} 1 40 1 20 1 70 0 75-0 80 1 80-1 90) 1 75-1 80, 1 20 1 40-1 50; 1 40-1 50, 1 25-1 40, 0 70-0 75 1 75-1 80, 1 50-1 60.1 25 1 40 1 25-1 40) 1 10-1 15| 0 70-0 75 1 60 150 | 130-135) 1 40 1 17-1 20) 0 90-1 00, 0 70-0 75 1.631 1.593 | 1.225 1.408 1.259 1.437 | 0.837 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. $ $ | $ $ $ $ $ AWAIT 6 ea joie nec aiansdes Sees 0 75-0 80] 0 75-0 85 1 00-1 10) 1 45-1 50; 1 40-1 45] 1 60-1 65) 2 00 February..............005 0 70-0 75| 0 75-0 90; 1 10 1 65 1 75-1 80, 1 50-1 60! 1 70-1 75 Marebity. icscennci avicneicicnsvinsians 0 60-0 70] 0 75-0 85| 1 05-1 10, 1.85 1 70-1 75| 1 40-1 50; 1 90-2 00 Apri. sscancne sta |OOLT- |OOLT+ [OOLT- [OOLT JOOzT- |ggzt- |gzzt- loozt- joozt- \szst- lezgzt-|:*°°° °°: esereaAy GS-ZS |2S-1S_ |SS-1S 8ST |6I-8T 06 0% 0% 08-8T |SI-9T |ST-9T |8T-9T |8I-9T |8I-9T |/SI-9I Oz-91 |SI-9t |st-91 |oz-9I |6I-st ToeeeesssesssssJaquresaqy SE-ZZ |ze-1G |z2-0Z | SI |6I-st | Of | 02 | 0 (oz-sr |st-91 |st-9T /st-or |st-or |st-o1 |gt-or loz-or st-9t [stor log-ot let-gt jot “ToqUIaAON 86GB jE jcc-0G | ST |GI-8T | 02 | O% | OB jos-ST |sT-9T |st-9T |gt-9t /st-91 |gt-g9t |st-ot loz-9r |st-91 /st-9t loz-9t let—et |--:°* +: Terese *19q0390, GSE-ZS fe 06 ST (61-81 0% 0% j6I-2T |OZ-SI /8I-91 |ST-9T |SI-9T |gt-9t Ist-gt /st-91 |st-91 |st-9t |st-9t |st-9r |et-st |:-:-°-°7 °° «: **requiezdes S2-2e ae OG | 8ST [6I-8T | 0% | 08 G6-ZT \OF-8T |st-9T |St-9T |st-9T |st-9t |st-9t |st-9t |st-9t |gt-91 \gt-91 GI-gt let-st |--* 7 qsnany 92-2Z 22-13 | ST SI 6I-8T | 0% | OG /0&-6I OZ-8T |SI-9T |SI-91 |SI-9I |sI-91 jsT-91 [oz-9t |st-gt |sT-91 |st-9t /6t-st |gt-9t ceerees sine G2-2% |2Z-1Z | ST ST |6I-8T | 0G | 0% OZ-8T jOZ-8T 'SI-9T |SI-9I ]SI-91 |sI-91 |st-91 Joz-9t |st-ot |st-91 |st-9t let—st |gt-gr |:---- mean cree ‘une G@-ZS |2Z-1Z | ST SI 6T-8T | 0% | 08 /O&-8T jOZ-8T |sI-9T |8I-9T |sI-st jst-91 |st-91 |oz—9t |st-9t |gt-9t |gt-91 |6t-st |gt-or eS eeaea ser Rey GB-BZ |2-1Z | ST ST |GT-ST | 0% | 06 08-8T j0Z-8T |SI-9T |SI-9t |st-gt |st-9t |gt-91 joz-9t jst-ot |st-9t 'gt-or |et-st [gt-9r |--------- ania? “Edy B2-1Z |2Z-1Z | ST ST |OI-8T | OF | 0% [0Z-ST [OS-SI SI-9T |8I-9T |st-91 |gt-ot |st-91 |oz-gt |st-91 |st-9t |st-ot |6t-st |gt-91 |--- st te gore yy, @2-12 [22-12 | 8ST SI |6I-ST | OS | OG /OZ-8T jOZ-ST |SI-ST |8I-9T |SI-9T |st-9T |st-9t |oz-ot |st-9t |gt-9t |gt-91 |et-st |st-9r |----c oe Arenigqag 22-12 |e-1z | ST ST 0c-6T | 03 | OG OZ-8T |OS-8T |SI-9T |8I-9I |sI-9T ,St-9T |st-ot ‘oz-ot |st-91 |gt-9t [gt-9t |et-st |gt-9r | tc Arenuee 10) “S10 | SO | “S10 | “810 | “810 | SID | “810 | 830 | “810 | “810 | “S10 | “sin | so | “0 | “st0 | “899 S30 | 810 | *810 “606T | “SOGT | “LOGI | “9OGT | “SOGT | “POGT | “EOGT | ‘ZOGT | “TOGT | “O06T | “668T | “sGst | “zest | ‘968t | “6st | ‘Fest | “gest | zest | ‘test | ‘oBst “qa TOW, "1a001) UDippuDD oYJ, Woy SUCYeIoNb ‘yyUOUT YORs Jo dep JoyTeUL YsIy oY} UO “jUG ‘oyUOIO .L y8 “gy sad aong ‘NVdVf£NOWWOO GOOD ‘vaL “panuywoj—SdO0OD UHHLO “A— 6061-0681 “VAVNVO ‘SAOIYd AIVSHIOHM . "19 “ON ATAVI, ‘606T-068T ‘saorug aTVSATOH A é £3 “WOVNV) “Waoavy dO LNANLY Vda WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 . 125 DEPARTMENT OF J_aBourR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TasLe No. 68. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—V. OTHER FOODS—Continued. VEGETABLES, FRESH: POTATOES. Price per bag at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from The Canadian Grocer. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ cts. 3 cts. 3 cts. 3 ets. $ ets. | 3 cts. 3 cts 0 80-0 85} 0 40-0 55! 0 70-0 80) 0 50-0 60 0 45-0 55, 0 20-0 25 0 75-0 85 0 35-0 50; 0 78-0 80: 0 50-0 60 0 45-0 55; 0 20-0 25 O 85-0 90; 0 35-0 50) 0 80-1 00; 0 50-0 60; 0 50-0 65, 0 18-0 25 0 90 0 30-0 40, 0 83-0 95) 0 42-0 50 0 58-0 65 22-0 30 1 00-1 05; 0 30-0 40) 0 75-0 90; 0 50-0 65) 0 60-0 75) 0 18-0 25 0 90-0 95] 0 28-0 36; 0 90-1 00, 0 75-0 85) 0 4 50; 0 30-0 35 uly 1 10-1 15) 0 40-0 45; 0 60-0 75) 0 75-0 80) 0 30-0 40; 0 30-0 35 August..........6000- essarei| O 1 00-1 25} 0 20-0 25] 1 40-1 50! 0 70-0 75 0 50-0 65; 0 30-0 40 September.,..........-.5. 0 80-0 90! 0 50-0 60] 0 30-0 40; 0 65-0 80) 0 60-0 70 0 25 0 28-0 35 October.........eeeeeeeee 0 60-0 65; 0 35-0 55) 0 50-0 60) 0 50-0 60 0 50-0 60 0 25 0 45-0 50 November.............64- 0 50 0 45-0 55, 0 55-0 70! 0 48-0 60, 0 68-0 60) 0 25-0 30) 0 30-0 40 December......... erates s 0 60-0 65 0 43-0 45 0 60-0 70; 0 50-0 60} 0 45-0 55) 0 25-0 30) 0 33-0 35 Average.........-5- -6112 7950 4308 +7995 6020 +4429 +3016 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. $ cts. | 3 cts $3 ets. 3 cts. 3 cts. 3 cts 0 60-0 70! 0 55-0 65) 0 38-0 50) 0 33-0 45) 0 72-1 00] 0 95-1 00 6 58-0 70, 0 60-0 70| 0 43-0 55) 0 33-0 45; 0 60-0 75) 1 10-1 12 0 56-0 65) 0 58-0 70) 0 37-0 55) 0 33-0 40) 0 60-0 65) 1 10-1 20 0 50-0 60| 0 90-1 00] 0 37-0 55, 0 33-0 40} 0 55-0 60; 1 05-1 10 0 58-0 60| 0 78-0 90! 0 35-0 50} 0 33-0 40) 0 70-0 73/ 1 08-1 13 0 60-0 67; 0 68-0 75] 0 36-0 50 0 35 0 70-0 75| 1 25-1 35 0 25-0 3C| 1 00-1 10] 0 30-0 45 0 35 0 90-0 95) 1 20-1 30 0 60-0 70] 0 90-1 00] 0 30-0 40; 0 35-0 40] 0 85-0 90, 1 15-1 25 0 62-0 62| 0 60-0 70] 0 30-0 35] 0 35-0 45; 0 85-0 90! 1 15-1 25 0 62-0 66] 0 50-0 60] 0 30-0 35) 0 40-0 45 0 70 1 10-1 20 0 55-0 65] 0 35-0 45} 0 27-0 29) 0 60-0 70 0.75 0 90-1 00 0 50-0 65! 0 38-0 50) 0 27-0 29, 0 60-0 80] 0 85-0 90) 0 90-1 00 5858 +7029 +3866 4270 +7645 1-117 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 3 cts - $3 cts. 8 cts. $ cts. 3 ets. | 3 ets ‘ 0 90-1 00 0 90 0 90-1 00 0 75 1 00 0 70-0 75 0 80-1 10 0 90 0 90-1 00 0 75 100 -} 0 75-0 80 1 10-1 25 090 ; 0 75-0 78 0 75 1 00 0 75-0 80 1 00-1 10 0 90 0 75-0 78} 0 75-0 85) 1 00-1 05] 0 80-0 85 1 25-1 35 0 90 0 80-0 90; 0 80-0 95] 0 95-1 00} 1 00-1 10 1 00-1 15 0 90 0 80-0 90, 1 30-1 35 1 00 1 00-1 10 1 00-1 15 0 55-0 65] 1 15-1 20} 1 30-1 35] 1 25-1 35) 0 90-1 00 1 00-1 15! 0 55-0 65) 1 00-1 10} 1 15-1 20 1 00 0 75-0 80 1 00 55-0 70 1 00 1 00 0 90 0 75-0 80 0 75 0 60 0 75 1 00 0 80 0 70-0 75 0 75 0 90 0 75 1 00 0 70-0 75) 0 60-0 65 0 75 0 90-1 00 0 75 1 00 0 70-0 75) 0 60-0 65 +9916 +8062 8837 9791 +9541 +8062 > ISLE" |2868" [182° jsIze° Tess" {9sec" |z909" josz9" |Te0z° |9gT9° |eFsP’ jepse’ |Igzz° |ze6e" lepsr’ jgopF’ jocTH: [TesR’ lezTe’ |Igze’ [ot “esBIOAY OF |S8-O8 |OF-0E | GE ge |se-08 10Z-S9 j09-c¢ GL |0L-09 '02-09 |OS-SF |OF-GE ‘¢z-0Z |O¢-0F |S9-09 | Ge j¢s-0¢9 OF GG poss raqureseq, 3D | 810 ] "830 | “810 | 840 | “590 s1O | “80 | S10 | “SID | 90 | 890 | FD | SHO | 90 St) 490 ‘19 $4) S10 OF Ge |0F-0€ ge OF se |S9-09 09 O08 |09-OG /S¢-Ch |OF-GE |OF-08 O€ |SE-O0€F |SS-SF |SE-0F |Sh-0F ce GQ [ttc ttt raquraaony SP SP |OS-OF |Sb-OF |0S-OF |G¢-0F ¢9 |02-09 |06-08 Sb |St-Ob |SE-0E |OF-0E GZ O€-G% |OS-OF ;O&-GS |OP-OF |OB-S% \GZ-OZ jt taqo7O ea SSO | waster Sees lta re « learn va allsseee oes 53 tne ng aera nbanae Allie x-vesleed wea aiase esl bacieane vette tfeneeetfeeete fers efeeeeee lees eeees eee ezaquiagdag eid dian] waerenete elise steal dione’ ¥ 5 | sorciacetal te yeas sie’ [senses lee pease «oF emeee deren ye arielleacs vallonemeela sdsaapienae sd Wetead anemallaas na anslndea deine +s eqsngny 4 ISS Fstetsls 2 [thet Sel le a clataliee wig?e 5 sulevsmalaat ed o[aewaselae comalsa ee tel Seascale dana seaganeda laure aaee | wiowites alice tena gt Aoi tates au at etl ce ett lear gaara ° _ ee ee Re Eg fe ea ae Fw ee bey a Peo diem ee HALT Reet mw eee Pe ee | ee we ee F cece mele neces leer er sfecece rte eseae ae ae teat |eu ed veel eeee ee hae Re cee “I of-ge |eb-oF |o6-cz g€ |S€-0€ |¢e-09 j0Z-G¢ |0Z-99 cg |SZ-OL |St-OF |0F-0E S& j|St-OF (¢¢c-ch |OS-OF OG |0S-CF |OF-GE OF kane = OF-SE '0S-SF gL SB |¢8-O0& |0Z-09 j09-0¢ |¢Z-G9 |0Z-09 GL |St-OF |OF-GE S&@_ |Sh-OF |O9-0¢ |0G-OF |0S-SF Sp |GS8-08 |OS-Sh | es = OF-SE |OF-SE |" CE GZ |SE-0F |OL-S9 |O9-0E |SZ-0Z |OL-G9 [OL-S9 |Og-GF |OF-SE |Ok-0Z |OS-SF |09-Se |OF-GE Sh |Sb-OF )0€-c2 Gp ie ee Sse OTS s ge-08 |OF-SE gE SG |SE-OF |OL-C9 |G9-09 |¢2-02 G9 OL j0S-oPp OF |SZ-ST os cg |Of-SE |O¢-OF |SF-OF SG |OSEGh: [or ee Se Arenige . Se-08 |0%-SE se ce jgs-08 |¢z-02 09 gL OL OL o¢ OF 06 os 09 ge og OF Ge OSA Le ee er ny Arenaee x Qy gy Q “A06T | “806T | “ZOGT | “SO6T | “SOGT | ‘VOGT | “SO6T | “ZO6T | ‘TOGT | “OOGT | “66ST | ‘868T | “Z68T | ‘968T | “GG8T | “E681 | “E681 | ‘2681 | “IGST | ‘OGST “YyymOy, ‘UO ‘OPUOIOT, “SUDA 2 WeI]IMAAL “SISSOTAL pue ung fizyaa 44 9, J, ‘419001 UDipouny sy, WoIy suoYe{oNb ‘yyUOU Yora Jo Aep yoyIRUI ysIy ay} WO “yUGC ‘oyUOIOT, ye eq saad aowg *"NVIGVNVO ‘SdINUOL panuyuojo—SdOOD YAHLO “A—606T-0681T “‘VAVNV)D ‘SHOIYd AWIVSATIOHM co "69 ‘ON AIAV], ‘6061-O68T ‘SA0I&g ATVSATOHM WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 127 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricrs, 1890-1909; TaBLE No. 70. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—V. OTHER FOODS—Continued. VEGETABLES, CANNED: CORN 2’s. Price per doz. cans at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from The Canadian Grocer. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 3 cts. $ cts. 3 cts. 3 cts. $ cts. & cts. $ cts. 1 05-1 35} 1 10-1 25) 1 05-1 10/0 85 -1 00] 0 80-0 85! 0 85-0 95) 0 75-0 95 1 10-1 35) 1 10-1 25] 1 05-1 10:0 85 -1 00] 0 80-0 85) 0 85-1 25) 0 75-0 95 1 10-0 75! 1 10-1 25) 105-1 10.0 873-1 00} 0 80-0 85] 0 85-1 25, 0 75-0 95 1 10-1 25| 1 10-1 25| 1 05-1 10'0 874-1 00] 0 85-0 90] 0 85-1 25) 0 70-0 95 1 10-1 25) 1 10-1 25; 1 05-1 10,0 90 -1 00} 0 85-0 90] 0 85-1 25] 0 55-0 77 1 10-1 25) 1 10-1 25) 1 00-1 100 90 -1 00} 0 85-0 90) 0 85-0 95! 0 55-0 70 0 95-1 10) 1 10-1 25] 1 00-1 10.0 90 -1 00] 0 85-0 90, 0 75-0 95, 0 55-0 70 1 00-1 10) 1 10-1 25] 1 00-1 10,0 90 -1 00} 0 90-0 95, 0 80-0 95; 0 55-0 80 Glee ee 1 OO-1 10| 1 OS-1 16] 6 90-1 0010 90 =1 OO] O 90-0 98) 0 80-0 98] O SEO 80 November..........-....0- 1 10-1 25) 1 05-1 10) 0 90-1 00,0 80 -0 85} 0 90-0 95 0 80-0 95) 0 55-0 80 December................-| 1 10-1 25! 1 05-1 10) O 85-1 00,0 80 -0 85] 0 85-0 95 O 75-0 95} 0 50-0 75 Average...........0- 1-116 1-150 1-033 0-922 0-881 0-933 0-714 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. ‘ 3 ets. 3 cts. 2 ets. 3 cts 3 cts. | 3 ets. $ ets. January. 0 50-0 7510 70 -0 85/0 90 -1 001 05 -1 10/0 75 -0 800 80 -0 85! 0 90-1 25 February 0 50-0 75.0 80 -0 85/0 90 -1 00,1 00 -1 10/0 75 -0 800 80 -0 85) 0 90-1 00 March... 0 55-0 60 0 85 0 95 -1 00.1 00 -1 10!0 723-0 800 75 -O 80; 0 90-1 00 April.... 0 55-0 75 0 85 0 95 -1 00.1 05 -1 10/0 70 -O0 800 70 -0 75) 0 90-1 00 oe GSES Fag 6-2 agg Set OF 32 108 18 2 158 as 9 BO as une.. - - - - IML Y esas iis pe duced Meade: Hhesexd 0 50-0 75/0 823-0 95/0 95 -1 00 1 10 0 70 -0 75,0 65 -0 90) 0 85-1 00 AUBUSE. sine. ecdinvs d tiwabe oaveate O 55-0 75,0 824-0 95/0 95 -1 00/1 10 -1 15/0 75 -O 80/0 80 -0 95) 0 85-1 00 September................ 0 55-0 75/0 823-0 95/0 90 -0 95/1 10 -1 15/0 80 -0 85/0 80 —0 95) 0 85-1 00 October 2 suiie2 torus acai 0 55-0 75/0 80 —0 85/0 95 -1 00.0 80 -0 85/0 80 -0 85/0 824-0 95) 0 85-1 00 November............-.-- 0 70-0 85/0 70 -0 95/0 95 -1 00,0 774-0 80/0 80 -0 85/0 90 -1 25) 0 90-1 00 December bas W Seda Sra Seas, Sa +: O 70-0 85/0 90 -1 OO}1 05 -1 10,0 75 —0 80/0 80 -0 85/0 90 -1 25) 1 00-1 10 Average....-....... 0-658 0-863 0-976 | 1-013 0-776 0-851 . 0-952 Menth. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. € cts. & cts. $ cts January...... ddudareys @eaent 1 00-1 101 15 -1 20,0 824-0 850 923-0 95 0 97% |0 85-0 90 PODS Ary sie jo:cie.ove satel sya Ge ceusiar 1 00-1 101 15 -1 20,0 823-0 850 923-0 95 0 95 0 85-0 90 arch....... Seubteniacave won tives 115 115-1 20,0 823-0 850 923-0 95 0 974 |0 85-0 90 April ee ee ee 120 = ./1 10-1 20,0 824-0 850 924-0 950 973-1 00,0 85-0 90 MAY is ied shnice meses are co mtaeer es 1 20 1 10 -1 20,0 824-0 85/0 904-0 95/0 973-1 000 85-0 90 June... 1 25-1 351 10 -1 20/0 824-0 85/0 921-0 950 974-1 000 85-0 90 July... 1 25-1 351 10 -1 20,0 824-0 85/0 924-0 95 0 95 {0 75-0 80 August. 0 90-1 101 10 -1 20,0 823-0 85 0 924 (0*90 -0 95.0 75-0 80 Septembe: 1 25-1 35,1 00 -1 10,0 824-0 85 0 924 .0 85 -0 900 75-0 80 ¢ tober, 1 25-1 35,0 824-0 85/0 824-0 85 0 95 0 85 -0 90,0 80-0 85 November. 1 15-1 200 823-0 85,0 90 -0923/0 95-0_974)0 85 -0 900 80-0 87k December... 1 15-1 200 823-0 85,0 923-0 95 974 |0 85 -0 90.0 80-0 85 Average............ 1-189 1-069 0-852 0-941 0-936 0-83 8 128 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Lasour DEPARTMENT, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TaBLe No. 7i, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—V. OTHER FOODS—Continued. VEGETABLES, CANNED: PEAS, 2’s. Price per doz. cans at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from The Canadian Grocer. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ cts 3 cts $ cts 3 ets. $ cts. | 3 cts 3 cts January...........005 1 20-1 35, 1 20 -1 35 | 1 10-1 15) 0 85 -1 00 | 0 90-1 10, 0 85-0 95 0 90-0 95 February............- 7 20-1 35! 1 25 -1 35, 1 10-1 15] 0 85 -1 00 ! 0 90-1 00: 0 85-0 95! 0 90-0 95 1 15-1 35] 1 25 -1 35 | 1 10-1 15] 0 874-1 00 { 0 90-1 00] 0 85-0 95] 0 90-0 95 1 15-1 35! 1 25 -1 35 | 1 10-1 15! 0 90 -1 00 | 0 80-0 90] 0 85-0 95) 0 95-1 00 1 15-1 35 1 25 -1 35 | 1 10-1 15] 0 90 -1 00 | 0 80-0 90) 0 85-0 95; 1 00-1 10 1 10-1 35] 1 40 -1 50 | 1 10-1 15] 0 90 -1 00 | 0 80-0 90! 0 75-0 80} 1 00-1 10 1 10-1 25] 1 40 -1 50 | 1 05-1 15] 0 90 -1 00 | 0 80-0 90| 0 75-0 80; 1 00-1 10 1 10-1 25) 1 40 -1 50 | 1 05-1 15] 0 90 -1 00 | 0 80-0 85] 0 85-0 90) 0 75-0 80 1 10-1 25! 1 124-1 20 | 1 05-1 15! 0 90 -1 00 | 0 80-0 90] 0 85-0 90! 0 75-0 80 1 10-1 25! 1 10 -1 20 | 0 90-1 00! 0 90 -1 00 | 0 85-0 95] 0 85-0 90: 0 75-0 80 November............ 1 20-1 25! 1 10 -1 15 | 0 90-1 00| 0 90 -1 00 | 0 85-0 95) 0 85-0 90) 0° 75-0 80 December.............| 1 20-1 35! 1 10 -1 15 | 0 85-1 00/ 0 90 -1 00 | 0 85-0 95] 0 90-0 95] 0 60-0 75 Average........ | 1-227 1-282 1-072 0-944 0-889 0-872 0-889 \ Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. ° 1903. $ cts 3 cts $ cts $ cts $ cts. $ ets. 3 cts. January.......... 0 60 -0 75 | 0 90-0 95! 0.75 0 S0-0 90 0 75-0 80 | 0 80 -0 82%) 0 90 -0 95 February......... 0 60 -0 75 | 0 90-0 95] 0 75-0 80, 0 75-0 90: 0 75-0 80 | 0 80 -0 85 | 0 90-1 00 arch... 2.2... 0 70 -0 80 | 0 90-0 95] 0 75-0 80! 0 75-0 90 0 70-0 80 0 80 -0 85 | 0 95 -1 00 April............. 0 75 -0 80 | 0 90-0 95| 0 75-0 80) 0 75-0 90 0 70-0 80 | 0 90 -1 00 | 0 95 -1 00 May cared. na naiona 0 75 -0 80 | 0 85-0 95] 0 75-0 80] 0 75-0 90 0 70-0 75 | 0 90 -1 00 | 0 95 -1 00 June 0 75 -0 80 | 0 85.0 95) 0 70-0 80] 0 75-0 90 0 70-0 75 | 0 80 -0 85 10 July ciececu anes aeos 0 75 -0 85 | 0 85-0 95) 0 70-0 80| 0 75-0 90 0 70-0 75 | 0 824-0 87 1 00 August........... 0 75 -0 85 | 0 70-0 80, 0 70-0 80) 0 75-0 90 0 80 0 824-0 87 | 0 874-1 00 September........ 0 75 -0 85 | 0 70-0 85 0 75-0 80| 0 75-0 90 0 80-0 82% | O 824-0 87 | 0 873-1 00 October.......... 0 75 -0 85 | 0 70-0 85] 0 75-0 $0] 0 80 0 80-0 823 | 0 824~0 87 | 0 874-1 10 November........ 0 823-0 85 | 0 70-0 85) 0 75-0 80] 0 80 0 90-1 00 | 0 90 -0 95 | 0 874-1 40 December.........| 0 90 -0 95 | 0 75-0 85! 0 80-0 90! 0 75-0 80 0 80-0 823 | 0 90 -0 95 | 0 874-1 40 Average... 0-782 0-856 0-772 0-818 | 0-784 0-868 0-994 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 3 ets. $ cts. $ ets. $ cts. 3 ets. $ cts. 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0 | of | of | of | of | 12 | st | st | of | o2 | Of | OF | ew | GB] Gey GB fr aune 1 | 1 | of | st | of | of | of ; of | Te | 1 | st | of | of | Of | o@ | OF | Bw |} Ge} GB | GB Pou Avy tj | 1% | o@ | st | o@ | of | o@ | of | Ie | 0 | st | of | 08 ; Of | Of | Of | ww } GY GB] GB por qady 1 | 1 | st | st } 0% | o@ | of | of | Te | Of | st | Of | Of | OF | O% | OF jee | GB} GB] GB po yore 1 | 12 | st | sr | of | of | of | of | te | or | st | of | o@ | of | 08 | O@ | ww | GB | GB | GB fr Arenigag tj | 1 | st | st | o@ | of | of | of | 1 | ot | st | of | of | oO | 0% | OF | Bw ] GB} GB] GB pr Auvnuve ‘99 | 99 | “S10 | “so | “90 | “10 | “SIO | “IO | “sO | “MO | “sO | “sO | “sO | “IO | “sO | “S10 | “SID | “IO | “SID | “SID “6061 | *806T | “206T | ‘9061 | “so6T | “FOG | “eO6T | “ZOGT | “TOGT | “OOGT | “66ST | ‘86ST | “LEST | “9GST | “S6ST | “PEST | “E6ST | ‘ZEST | “TGST | “06ST “Wyo “powun’y ‘Auvduroy yIoTD [IO [eetjuoyy ayy Aq parjddns suoyejonb ‘yuo yora jo Avp yoxsvu ys1y ay} UO “ong ‘TeorjuoP] 4V paved aaenbs aad ao1g ‘ALITVAO € ‘ON :HLOIO TIO HOOTA ‘paunpwojg—SHLOTO WO ‘SHILLXAL ‘IA—'6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIUd ATVSATOHM "SS ON FIAV], ‘6061-0681 ‘SHOIN ATVYSATONH M ‘VOVNYQ ‘UNOdW] JO LNEWLY VIC 149 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 OTS |6T-S [FO-S -|F86-1T |FOL-S [EES-S OL-S [OTS |FLT+S [FSG GL-T |6L-1 |¥TG-T |00-% [FO-% |¥2s-% [OF-% |G9-S jOO-S |Fz48-B Jo aduIoaAy orz jorge joe loot lore |sez jorz lore jore jore |sst |gzt |ggt jooz jooz lorz [ore lore jooe jooe Ot & |0@ G |02G |O6 T (OLS |S$@s OTS |OTS {OG |OP S jGLT |G2 Tt jS8 Tt |00G j00% |OT SZ jOF S |0OF FZ j00 € 00 € Ors joc @ [OTS |O6 T [OTS [S$6sG |OTS OTS OTS [OFS jGLT |G2T |S8T j00% 100% |OT SZ. |0F Z |OF SZ |/OOE [S8a oT 02% |OT% |O6 T |OT%@ |S@%@ |O1% |O1G jOTS jOF@ (SLT |G2T \S8T [00% j00% |OTZ jOF S |OF SZ OO j|S8a Org (022 (OLS |O6 T |OL SG |G@% |OTS [OTS jOLS jOPS |E2T |G2T |S8T |00% [00% [OTs |OF Z [OF SZ JOOS E82 Or Z (06 e@ [00% |OG T (OT % |S@G jOLS jO1S j|O1S jOFS GZ T |G2T |S8T (00% [00% O01 % |OF S \OF Z JOOS Esa orz jozz jooz jo6t jorz jezs lors jorge jorz jore |gz1t |ezt [est jooz jooze jorze jors lors looe |ssza Ors j0@% |00% (OLS jGes |S jOLS jO1S jOl Ss jOFs |g21 [s8T |0O% 00S jOT SZ |OF SZ JOS jOOe ook [ssea OTs |06% !00% |OL& |j€@ a |S@ ca |OLZ |OLZ jOLS |OO% |G2T |S8T [008 j00%2 |OTS |OF 2 jOF Z |OO€ joOE [Esa Or % j0f @ |00G OTS jG Zz [ses jors jOLs jOF f j0OOS |GZT [S8T (00% |00O%@ jOTZ OF f jOF f [OOS jOOE |Esz@ Ors jO Z j0O6 T |OTS |esesa [Gee jOT Ss jOL% jOFS jG8T [G2 Tt |S8T (00% |00% (OTS |OF 2 jOF Z [OO OO [E8z OT % (0 & 06 T |OTS jc a jOTS jOLS jOLS jOF S jSS8T |SZT |S8TtT |00%@ 00% OTS OF f OF SZ [00 e jOOs [Ege “870 $ /'s}9 $ ['8}0 F |'s}o $F fszo F jsyo $F [so F |'syo F [870 F |s}9 F /'s}o F [870 F [spo F |'szo F |s99 F [spo $F 1°s79 F |-szo F jsqo F jspo F “606T | “806T | *LOGT | “906T | "SOGT | “FOGT | “SO6T | ‘ZOGT | “TOGT | “OOGT | “66ST | “S68T | “26ST | “968T | “S68T | “FEST | “E68T | “ZEST | “16ST | “O68T “yyaOW ‘poptary ‘Auedur0g WIOTD [IO [eeduoy, oy} Aq poyddns suonejonb ‘your yoea jo Aep yoxseur ys1g ayy UO spred Z] Jo aoaid sed ad “AGIM ~FXG ‘SNUG LLVd GHLYOSSV :HLOIO T1O0 ATAVL ‘panuyuoo—SHLOTIO IlO (f) ‘SH ILLXU.L ‘IA—'606T-0681T ‘VAVNVO ‘SG0IUd WIVSHIOHM “68 ON ZIAVL ‘6061-0681 ‘SHOING ATYSITOHM “VAVNVO ‘HOOdVT JO LINAWLYvda(T VII. HIDES, 90. 91, 92. 93. 94, 95. 96. 97. 98. TABLES. TALLOW, LEATHERS, AND BOOTS AND SHOES. Hides, No. 1, inspected steers and cows. Calf skins, green, No. 1. Tallow, rendered, No. 1 stock, in barrels. Horsehides, western. Leather: No. 1, Spanish sole for jobbing. Leather: No. 1, slaughter sole, heavy. Leather: harness, No. 1, U.O. Leather: heavy upper. Boots and shoes. 151 a wo a DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR GEST | TE-L | 28-6 /€8-TL |€€-OL | Th-8 | SF-6 | 3-6 | 0-6 | 20-6 | G2-8 | F9-8 | 96-2 | F9-G | OF-9 | Ib-e | 2z-F | e2-F | ee-e | Beg fo adeioaAy FL |6-8 9 | EIT | tT 46 6 6 OT 16 $6 #8 6 49 S b te ag % Ep | Sees tee *"raquiavaq tet |6-#8 #4 | HI I 6 6 £6 OL ts $6 #8 6 #9 L b te -| % pees aS JaquisAoNn tel 46 8 | tar 1 6 16 #6 $6 8 6 48 #8 49 L r % % 9 Le FOS eRe ae *12q0}90 fet |O1-#6 8 | fer aI 6 46 46 16 8 6 t8 tL t¢ 8 € r tP 9 bi) JRE SERS **1aquiezdag tel 6-8 6 | tr or 48 $6 46 #8 8 $8 6 #8 2 8 € ¥ +P 9 fe Saale “ asnany PL |S-t2 46 =| f8I Or 8 £6 6 48 #8 #8 6 $8 tg 8 € P tP ¢ Dig ia eer ne are “Arne #1 #9 $6 aI OT §8 46 6 $8 6 38 48 eL g 8 & #g gS $L Qh ROPES ARS ooo game Il #9 | f01 |IT-OT 6 48 +6 6 48 $6 $8 4L tL @ \tL-2 Ee tP tg ¢ Tie ieee a es reas ABW ¥OL $¢ | $01 81 6 4L $6 #8 $8 $6 8 #2 j8-#L g g g tP Sg g Be | Se SORES eS See THdy $01 9 | or a1 6 €L £6 #8 t8 46 §g 6 8 g F € a2 ¢ g Heras trae erie seen yore IT g | 401 1 6 8 %6 #8 |¥6-6 | OT 6 OL |€2~'2 ¢ b € a2 sta g Er esheets * AreNEgqeT OL ¢ | tt Il 46 8 £6 OL 16 Or $8 6 49 ¢ P te +P a3 +P BY Re Se ee Arenuer 40 | 840 | “810 | “S10 | 890 | “S10 | 830 | “S10 | “S10 | “SIO | “810 | 890 | “810 | 990 | “s10 | “90 | s10 | “S10 | sto | “90 “6061 | “806T | “2061 | “Q06T | “GOGT | “POGT | EO6T | *ZO6T | “IOGT | “OOGT | “668 | ‘86ST | “Z68T | ‘968T | “S6ST | FGST | ‘e68T | ‘Z68T | ‘TEST | ‘06ST “qyUOWy ‘ago}y) OpuoLo, IY,T Wo SUOLeJoNb ‘yyUOUL Yoe Jo Aep yoyreUT ysug ay} UO “yUGQ ‘oOJUOIOT, ye “q] Jad sao ‘SMOO CNV SUYAMLS ‘(HLOAdSNI ‘[ ‘ON :S€CIH ‘SHOHS GNV SLOOG GNV YAHLVAT ‘MOTIVE ‘SACIH ‘IIA— 6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIYd WIVSHIOHM ‘06 ‘ON AT4VJ, ‘6061-068 ‘S491Ug ATVSETON MA ‘YGVNVQ ‘MOQOdV] JO INEWLE Vda 153 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 | 99-FT [SG-OT [GF-TT [80-€T Os-1T 8-6 [TFG [99-6 j6L-8 |ee-6 [82-6 [00-OT [92-6 fo0-9 |16-9 |s6-¢ [00-2 joo-2 92-2 [egg foo adeloay ot | at | OL jzt-tr] et | or | 6 Or | 6 8 or | or | at | 2 9 9 9 L iB. 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[reeset ‘ Arenuer 319 | "S10 | “810 | ‘S10 | “990 | “S90 | 30 | “S90 | ‘10 | “810 | “90 | “990 | ‘810 | “s10 | “S10 | “0 | ‘S10 | 10 | “SHO | “S10 "606T | “SO6T | *206T | “906T | “SO6T | FOGT | *gO6T | ‘ZO6T | “TOGT | ‘OOBT | ‘66st | “s6sT | “26st | ‘Q6gT | “Sest | ‘Fest | “gest | ‘zest | ‘TEsT | ‘OBST “yy dOyy ‘aqo]y) OFUoLO, YF, WOA, sUOTYeJonb ‘yyUOUT Ya yo Aep yoyTeUr ysIG ay} UO “UGC ‘ojUOIOT, ye punod sad sog ‘T ‘ON NAWQHD :SNIMSATVO ‘SHOHS GNV SLOO@ GNV WHHLVAT ‘MOTIV.L ‘SACIH ‘ITA— 6061-0681 ‘VQVNVO ‘SHOIUd ATVSHIOHM ‘T6 ON ATAV], ‘606T-O68T ‘SHOUT ATVSATIONM ‘VEVNVQ ‘HOQOHV] JO LNENLEVaTq DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 154 SEO°G SBF-S [F29-9 |TE8-F |08Z-F |8Z9-F |8Z9-9 [eg9-9 loTS-s |109-¢ jors-F logs-e leze-e leze-e ‘peo-¢ ‘Ezo-¢ lozo-9 \99F-¢ |zoz-y pees Spee eos asBieAy g-tg |ES-¥¢ | 9-9 [EG-4o fr-p |fp ¥s-G |#9-f9 |t9-9 |¥¢-¢ |¥¢ #e-e |te-e |fe-te |¥e-t9 | 9-¥¢ | 9-#o [to ES-Eg |EG-Eg Jott st requiasaq ¥s-¢ | 9-Eo |t9-¥¢ |t9¢-¢ \ft-p |Ep ¥s-G | L-£9 |t9-9 |¥¢ 4g v ie y-te jf ¥9-49 | 9-¥G [Tg ¥9-f9 [EG-¥g [ot "4" TequiaAoN, to-#¢ | 9-#9 , 9-9 |¥g-c trp |% #9-¥9 | L-#9 |E9-¥9 |to-¢ [fo P te $e ¥¢ tg-$g Eg tg #9 EQ-$g [ocr sets t+ aaqoyag ES-$¢ [19-9 | 9-9 [49-9 |fp-p |trp [EG L ¥S-H9 |¥¢-G | G-¥p |ep-tp [fe g ¥9-9 | 9-E¢ |¥¢ ¥g-H9 |f9-9 jFo-EG [ott “requieydas #s $9 9s |¢ ti) |tr-47 ls L ¥g-49 |¥g-g jRe-tp |tp-te |te-e [fe-fe |to-4¢ |¥o-9 |Eo-¥9 |¥o-¢ |te-$o [Eo-Eo [rote “ysngny eg #o-g | 9-9 | 9 tr lt |g L ¥g-t¢ | 9-#¢ | o-EP |tete |te tt its 19-9 | 9-Ee |Fo-Ho |f9 OSES S ee OA RAE eis “sro #9 $s-tp | 9-39 | ote EP te 49 is-g |Eo-$¢ | o-tp | pte [te t-te lig ¥9-9 | 9 ¥S-EG |¥9-19 [Eg-Tg [ote ‘oune 4g 49-44 | 9-$¢ |f+ t-P |tF-¥P | 9-ES |£9-f9 |¥o-Ho |f9-9 | o-tp lee lfe-e | F-te Ite $g 19 YG=S [49240 [fg ptt tree eee eee “ABW 4g ¥s-tp lo-f9 |tt-tp | 4-4 | G-EPl|}9-9 |f9-f9 |E¢-¥¢ |E9-F9 | ¥ $ fe-t6 |p g Eo-f¢ | 2 Gg-to |Eo-fo [fg pte ep eek ‘WHdy $s 4S-th | 9-95 |tp-p [Hep | G-EP [9 #9-19 |¥o-¥¢ | 9-Eo [fp pte |ts-€ | tg f9-9 /f8-S8 | 9 9 BS. | See ea aes “Yous, 4g 9-s Esto |ft-4 |¥r Sty | o-te | 9 to-g |¥¢ a7 te- |te tee ES ¥9-t9 | 9 9 ORES FG: PPCM ERE Samer Aren1g9,q 9 9-g |¥o-$¢ |t-p [4p G-kP | 9-Ee |f9-9 |G $¢ #8 $e-€ | tte |f-tr | 9 9-EG |to-EP EG 9 Ge, blr csyaies ‘Arenuee 10 | ‘SHO | “81D | “S10 | “S10 | “830 | 810 | S10 | “830 | ‘810 | ‘0 | ‘890 | ‘s10 | “90 | ‘10 | 10°! “s¥9 | “S19 | 9 | “819 “GO6T | “806T | “LOGT | “906T | “SO6T | “FOGT | “E06 | “ZOGT | *TO6T | “OO6T | “66ST | ‘s68T | ‘ZEST | ‘968T | ‘gost | ‘FEST | ‘gest | zest | ‘test | ‘OBST “yuo 'IQOI) Ofwolo,T, PY, WOIy SUOTYRIONb ‘yyWOUL Yowe jo Aep yoxreUT JsIY oy} UO “JUG ‘oyWOIOT, ye punod azod aug ‘STUUUVA NI ‘HOOLS [ ‘ON ‘aauaaNau ‘MOTIVI ‘panumpwog—SAOHS ANV SLOOG GNV ‘UFHLVAT ‘MOTIVL ‘SACIH ‘ITA—606T-068T ‘VAOVNVO ‘SHOIYd WIVSHIOHM ‘G6 "ON BTAVI, ‘6061-O68T ‘SHOIUG ATVSAIOHM ‘VGYNVO ‘HNOaV] AO INAWLAvdaqg WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 155 DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Tasre No. 93. _ _ WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—_VH. HIDES, TALLOW, LEATHER : AND BOOTS AND SHOES—Continued. HORSEHIDES, WESTERN. Price per hide at Montreal, Que., on the first market day of each month; quotations from The Journal of Commerce. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ cts 3 cts $ cts. $ cts. 3 cts $ cts $ cts JaNUALY sos oe eee ened 2 50-3 00} 2 50-3 00/ 2 75 2 75 1 15-1 50} 1 15-1 50 1 50 February..............--. 2 50-3 00] 2 50-3 00, 2 75 2 75 1 15-1 50} 1 15-1 50 1 50 BION bs: wow § Fea Thee oF 2 50-3 00] 2 50-3 00, 2 75 2 75 1 15-1 50} 1 15-1 50 1 50 April oss sic s eae scares ait 2 50-3 00} 2 50 2 75 2 75 1 15-1 50) 1 15-1 50 1 50 BY ibis ieee s woe Shoe eS SS 2 50-3 00; 2 75 2 75 2 75 1 15-1 50} 1 15-1 50 1 50 BOUNEs Joys Takad miners Suede Ge5%, 2 50-3 00) 2 75 2 75 2 75 1 15-1 50] 1 50 1 50 DULY siale iS aes nit crdsmeees sae aa 2 50-3 00] 2 75 2 25-2 75) 2 75 1 15-1 50! 1 50 1 50 AU BUS tis sie eis es. ssace e todins 3 boo 2 50-3 00} 2 75 2 25-2 75) 2 75 1 15-1 50] 1 50 1 50 September................ 2 50-3 00] 2 75 2 25-2 75) 1 25-1 50] 1 15-1 50] 1 50 1 50 OCOBCR e ccswidicaicoe a ntoaira.cs 2 50-3 00] 2 75 2 25-2 75) 1 25-1 50) 1 15-1 50) 1 50 1 50 November................ 2 50-3 00} 2 75 2 25-2 75) 1 25-1 50) 1 15-1 50) 1 50 1 50 December................. 2 50-3 00) 2 75 2 25-2 75) 1 15-1 50] 1 15-1 50} 1 50 1 50 AVOIARC risa cecenes 2-750 2-729 2-625 2-287 1-325 1-427 1-500 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 3 cts 3 cts. $ $ cts. 3 cts $ cts 3 cts 1 50 1 75 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00 1 50 1 75 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00 1 50 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00 1 50 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00 1 50 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00] 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00 1 50 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00 1 50 2 00 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00 1 50 2 00 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00! 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00 1 75 2 00 2 00 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00 AVGIABE us dower stain 1-516 1-708 2-000 1-916 1-750 1-750 1-750 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $ cts $ cts $ cts. $ cts 3 cts $ cts January... 1 50-2 00] 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00] 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00; 1 90-2 00 February 1 50-2 00] 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00} 2 00 March. 1 50-2 00] 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00] 1 50_2 00] 1 50-2 00} 2 00 _ April. 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 2 00 ‘y- 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00; 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00) 2 00 June.. 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00] 2 00 July..... 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00] 2 00 August... . 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00 1 50-2 00) 1 75-2 00) 2 00 September....... 1 50-2 00) 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 90-2 00) 2 00 October............ 1 50-2 00] 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00) 1 90-2 00) 2 00 November................ 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 oo! 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00} 1 90-2 00); 2 00 December................. 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00, 1 50-2 00} 1 50-2 00} 1 90-2 00) 2 00 Average..........0..- 1-750 1-750 1-750 1-750 1-852 1-995 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 158 00-86 j00-8% |S6-8z |00-6% |ZE-6z JOg-6% jog-6z |80-6z \ee-8z |s3-8Z |FO-9% |96-9z |o0-9z |oS-8zZ |Fo-9Z OG-Szs |T6-9B [ZT-98 LE-2% j28-9¢ | eBeLEAY | 6Z-LZ |6Z-LZ_ [63-22 |O€-8Z |O8-8s |OE-6Z 108-62 |Oe-6z |Og-6z |ez-8z |zz-9z |22-S% |9s-G7 Jog-z2z |Ok-2z 92-2 |8e-92 [20-92 |8e-Gz |8—2e J tequieoeq 8Z |6Z-2z JO&-6% jOE-8z |OS-8z os-6z jOe-6z |Oe-6z joe-s2 |ez-8z j2z-Gz |zz-9z joz-gz |oe-zz |Oe-ze joe-Fe !Se-9z |2e%-G% |B2-9e |sz-2zz |°°°°° + “tequioAoN’ 8% |6Z-2% ]OE-8Z jog-8z |OE-8z | 8-62 |OE-6e Joe-8z |oz-8z jez-sz |4zz-Ge |Zz-S% |9Z-S% |og-zz |oe-2z |9e-F2 |8e-90 |2e-G% [82-22 |8e-22 | + 42qG0290 6Z-LZ \6Z-LZ |OE-8S |OS-8Z |OE-Sz | 1e-6z Joe-Ge |oz-sz |sz-8z |oz-8z [22-92 |22-9e joz-sz joe-zz joe~2z \gz-Fz |sz-9z loz-Fs |sz-2e |sz-2e | “requieydeg 6Z-LZ |6B-LZ |OE-8Z |O-8% [3E-8z | 1€-6z | 1e-Gz Jaz-sz ]3z-8% |oz-8z |2z-Gz |2z-G% |9s-—Gz |oe-2z Joe-2z j9z-Fz |8z-9 loz-Fe |sz-2s j9s—GZ J gsniny GZ-LZ_|6B-LZ |OS-8Z JoE-SE | E-8S | 1€-6S |E-Gz |3z-8% ]3z-2z ]Oe-8z% |zz-Gs |Le-G% |Lz-FZ 0-Lz |62-92 |oz-—FS [82-92 jOz-F7 |se-2z low fA 6Z-2@ |6Z-2z% jOS-S% jug-8z | e-8z }e-G% |ge-0% |5z-8z | 3%-2z Jos-8e |2z-Ge |2e-Sz |gz-gze |oe-zze |oz-9z jgz-Fe |sz-9z |se-92 |sz-2e joe-FZ | comme 6Z-LZ_|6Z-2Z |OE-8Z |UE=8Z yE-BZ | E-G% |Oe-GS |6Z—BZ | 3z-12 |oz-S% |2z-—Gz |Lz-G% |sz-Gz |Oe-Lz |22-F7 |9z-FZ |sz-9z |sz-9% |sz-ze los—HU |e 62-2 |6Z-Lz JOE-Sz Joe-sz |oe-8z |re-Gz Joe-6z |oe-Gz |3z-2z ]6z-8% |2z-Ss |2z-G% |sz-se |OE-2z |Fe-zs |9z-F% |BZ-9% |SZ-SZ }Se-2z j9Z-FS | ae re qudy 6Z-LB |BZ-L% |Oe-Sz |oe-ss ]oe-Ge [Oe-—G2 Joe-—6z Joe-Ge |uz-sz joz-8e |zz-ge |4z-9s |sz-ge Joe-ze |PZ-ze |sz-9z |gz-92 |sz-92 |sz-ze jgz-Fe | “yore 62-22 |6Z-2z |oe-8z |oe-sz |oe-6z jos-6z |os-6z Jog-oe Juz-Sz |so-2z |2s-Gz |20-Gz_j8e-Gz |Ok-2z |PZ-Zz |ge-9% |82-9% |8e-G% [82-22 [oz-—Fz | “*Arensgag 62-22 |6z-2z |oe-sz los-sz |oe-6z |oe-ez los-z |oe-6z |oz-sz 22-92 |2z-se |2z-¥e |se-gz loe-zz loz-rz |se-9z |ze-se |se-se |se-zz loe-te | “Arenuee 99 | si0 | 90 | 10 | “90 | “IO | “S19 | “910 | “s10 | s¥O | SIO | “SHO | “SIO | SIO | “SIO | sO | 10 | “sO | “MO | “SID “G06T | “g06t | ‘ZoGt | ‘906t | “so6r | “FOGT | ‘go6t | ‘zoet | “ro6t | -oo6t | “66st | “gest | “zest | 96st | ‘gest | ‘Pest | eest | zest | ‘Test | -o6sT “yy aoyy ‘aqgojy) OPUOLOT, ay J, WIOIT SuUCTYeJONb ‘yyUOUT yora jo dep joyreur ysIg ay} UO “YUE ‘oyuoIO T, ye punod sad aowg ‘ONIGdOr UOA ATOS HSINVdS [ ‘ON ‘UAHLVA'T “‘panurywog—SHOHS ANV SLOOd GNV UAHLVAT ‘MOTIVL ‘SAGIH ‘IIA ‘6061-068T ‘VAVNV) ‘SHOIUd ATIVSUIOHM ¥6 ‘ON FIV], ‘6061-0681 ‘SHOING ATVSATOHM “VGYNVQ ‘HnN0d# VT] JO LINAWLY Vda 157 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 ( 00-08} 8-62) 91-8) OO-IE) 1F-08) OF-6Z] 48-08] OO-TE| €8-8Z] TE-6Z| 18-2z) SF-9z| OS-9z]00-9% |Z9-9% |G2-S% |TF-2LZ 09-93 |0G-9% |T6-FS | ‘eBBIIAY IS-0€ |O&-62 |O&-6Z |ZE-0F |TE-0E /O&-6e |OE-62 |ZE-OE |ZE-0F |OE-8S |OE-¥SZ/8Z-GZ |LZ-FS |LZ-FZ |OE-LZ |8Z-FS |6Z-9Z |8Z-GS /8S-GS |8s-GS | qequiedeq LE-ZE |OE-6G |GE-EE |SE-OE (TE-O& jOk-6% |ZS-OE |ZE-OE 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ayy UO “yUGC ‘oyNOIOT, ye punod sed soug ‘AAVGH ‘(IOS YUALHDOAVIS ST ‘ON SYAHLVAT ‘panumwog—SHOHS ANV SLOO@ GNV WAHLVAT ‘MOTIVL ‘SACIH ‘ITA—'6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIWd AIVSAIOHM $6 ON TIAV], “YaVNVQ ‘6061-O6S8I ‘SH01IUg ATVSEIOHM unoadvyT dO LNANLUVdsq 4 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 158 | 89°98 |99°FE |6L-98 log-9¢ ere FO-ZE |OG-SE |89-ZE |ST-1TE |THE |OT-1E |€8-08 LE -63 Og -TE |ee-1E |0S-9% |00-6% |FO-8% |0G-8S [6Z-8S |" ""*"* * “eBBIEAY | | 6E-8E |SE-FE |SE-PE |1LE-98 l,e-ve ZE-1E |€E-ZE |ee-weE |Pe-E |se-Te |Pe-we | Ge-Oe /¥OE-Fsz |se-OE |Ge-E |St-OS |OE-8S [OE {8S |OE-LB |0E-Lz | °° a pea OI 8E-LE |GE-PE |LE-PE |LE-9E |pe-g¢ SE-1E |€E-CE jee-ze FE-GE |SE-TE |SE-08 | SE-0E O&-8Z |S&-0€ |SE-E |8Z-9% |OE-8% |O&-8S |OS-LS |Ok-LZ |" "°°" * “TequIaBAON | , AE-9E |GE-PE [LE-PE |LE-E YE-PE |SE-TE /EE-SE |EE-GE /PE-CE |GE-1E S8-08 | GE-08 O€-8Z |se-08 |SE-E |8S-9% |OS-8S |OS-8S |Ok-LZ jOk-LS | *13q0}90, t LE-9E |GE-PE |SE-GE [LE-9E | “"""""|@e-TE |G8-ZE |SE-SE |FE-SE |EE-TE |SE-0E | GE-OE O€-8Z |Z8-0E |SE-EE |9S-FZ |O-8S |L-GS |O&-2G |O&-Lz | requieydag 88-28 |98-SE \OF-9E [ZE-9E FVE-ES |SE-IS |EE-ZE EE-1IS |SE-OF ;SE-TE |SE-OF | ZE-0E O€-8Z |zE-0E IsE-EE |9Z-F% |OS-8Z |Le-GZ [OE-Lz /0&-Lz ““qsngny ge-2e |9e-se \Ob-9e |Ze-9E /PE-ee [ee-zeE |ee-zE 'S8-Té O€-SG |FE-GE |SE-0E | ZE-0E T€-62 |ZE-O€ |GE-EE |9S-FS |OE-8Z |LZ-GS jOS-L7 |OS-Le | “Arne 8E-LE |SE-PE |8E-9E |LE-9E |FE-E /SE-ZE ES-sE ‘ge-1e O&-86 /PE-ZE |SE-OE | ZE-OE T€-6Z |ZE-0F |GE-EE |9Z-FZ |OE-8Z |OS-LE |OE-LS JOS-LZ] | oun 9E-GE |GE-FE |8E-9E |LE-9E |FE-EE |SE-ZE |SE-SE HENGE O&-86 |FE-GE |SE-0E | SE-08 T&-6% |G€-0€ O€ |9Z-FS |O€-8S |OE-2 |OS-LG |6S-LB | “AB Q9E-GE |SE-FE |8E-9E |LE-9E |FE-ES SE |EE-ZE oe O&-8% |FE-ZE |SE-O8 | GE-OE TE-6Z |GE-0F 26 |93-$Z (OE-8S |OE-LS |OS-LS] [6G-L] | INdy g9s-ce |ge-re |se-ze |ze-9¢ |pe-ee ee-ze /es-ze Ce SE-T€ |FE-ZE |SE-OF | SE-08 O&-86 (cE-0F 24@ jO8-8% |OS-8G |O&-2% |O8-2% |62-LB J Gorey ‘ 9e-se |ee-re se-ze |ze-9e |Pe-Ee ‘se-sE jee-ce FE-se ZE-1le |PsS-ZE |se-Os |t1E-f6% | O€-8z [ss-Ee 2@ |O€-8% |O&-SS |OE-LE |OB-L] |6Z-LE | *ALeNIge y ge-Ge |S€-FE |S-LE 'LE-9E |E-sE |ES-ZE |€E-ZE ‘pe-2e ZE-1E |PE-ZE |Ze-0E |f0E-F8s | O€-8Z |¢E-EE |8Z-9% |O€-8Z |OE-8S |OE-8S |OE-LS] [6Z-LG | Arenuer S40 "$10 S30 | 870 *s¥0 $40 "$10 | "S40 [°S30 “$40 "S10 810 | "S10 "$10 819 "S10 “10 "SH S10 "BID: 1 f | | “606T | “SO6T | “LO6T “9061 | ‘SO6T | “FOBT | “GOGT | *ZO6T | “TO6T | ‘OO6T | “668 | “86ST ‘LOST | ‘96ST | “S68T | “PEST | “E68T | “Z68T | “T68T | “O68T “qquoyy ‘aqo}E) OJUOLOT BY], wo stoynejonb ‘you yove jo Aep yoyseur sy ay} UO “JUG ‘oyoIOT, ye punod sad song ‘0 'O ST ‘ON ‘SSHUNUVH :YaHLVAT ‘ponuyuoj—SHOHS GNV SLOOP GNV UAHLVAT ‘MOTIVL ‘SACGIH ‘IIA—'6061-068T “‘VAVNVO ‘S€0Idd ATVSHTOHM ‘96 “ON ATEVY, ‘6061-0681 SHOINg ATVSATOH M ‘VdvNV) ‘UHOdW] JO LNANLUVdaq 159 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 GL‘9F 998% GS -Sh OS Sh 00:+Tt OS Th OS + TF 0S - TF OS -Th OS Th 0g -OF OS -0F GS-Se 00-62 SB °SE €8-08 OS LE 09 te TP sé e8°1E OS-SP OS-8p OS-8P 6F-SP 6F-Sh 6-SP 6F-SF 6F-ZF 6F-SP 6F-GP OF-SP 6F-2F “30 6F-2F L¥-0F L¥-0F L¥—-OF Le-0F L¥-0F Lb OF Le—-0F Lb-0F L¥-0F Lb-0F L>-0F “840 L¥-0F L¥-0F Lb-0F Lb-0F LE-8P LP-€8P Os-8P OS-8F OS-8h OS-8F Os-8P OS-€F "10 OS-Sh OS-eh OS-EF OS-8h Lb-8P LY-8P LE-8b LE-€P LE-EP Lb-EP L¥-8) LP-€P "30 Li-8F LP-8F LE-8F Li-8h 8t-0F 8F-0F &F-0F ge-se ge-ce ge-ge ge-se £F-0F 810 €F—-0F €P-0F &F-0F &P-0F &>-0F €F-0F St-0F €F-0F &P-0F &h-0F &h-0F €F—-0F “810 €F-0F &t—-0F et-0P &t-0F &t—-0F &F-0F Sh-0F &P-0F &h-0F &F—-0F &t-0F &P-0F “810 eF-0F 8F-0F 8F-0F £F-0b eF-0F &F-0F FOF eF-0F £F-0F 8F-0F e-0F &F-0F "319 €F-0F &F-0F €t-0F &h-0F &b-0F &F-0F &t-0F &h-0F &-0F &>-0F eb-OF &b-0F &h-0F €P-0F &t—-0F &h—-0P &t—-0F &b-OF &h-0F &F-0F &F-0F &t-0F &t-0P &h-0F "810 &P-8E €F-88 €F-88 SP-8E Sh-8E €F-8E &F-8E SF-8E &P-8E Sh-8E €h-8E &F-88 “10 8F-8E P-8E €h-88 eF-8e &F-8E &F-8E SF-8E &h-8E &-88 &h-8E €P-8E €F-8E "810 €F-8E OF-Sé OF-S8 OF-SE OF-SE OF-SE ge-08 sé-08 sé-08 g8-08 g8-08 8-08 "SD g€-08 ge-08 $S-06 3-06 5-06 $Z-06 ge-08 gé-08 ¢ge-08 ge-08 8-08 ge-08 "30 Se-08 8F-8e &h-88 &h-8E eh-8E £F-88 SF-8E OF-GE 08-Ge 08-Gs 08-Sz 0&-Ss "810 0g-9z og-9z ge-9z ge-9% ce-sz ge-Gs gg-08 ge-08 ¢e-08 cg-08 ¢e-08 gg-08 910 OF-SE OF-SE ore OF-SE OF-SE OF Se OF-Se OF-98 OSE OF-SE OF-SE OF-SE “S40 g8-08 ge-08 ge-08 ge-08 gé-08 gs-08 ge-08 8-08 se-08 gé-08 ge-08 ge-08 ‘10 S8—-08 ge-08 $e-08 ge-08 ge-08 OF-Se OF-Se OF-98 OF-SE OF-SE OF—-SE OF-SE “810 OF-Seé OF-SE OF-SE OF-SE O&-8s 08-86 08-86 O&-86 08-86 08-86 08-82 08-86 810 seen ne eeenes asereay tne eee nee eee oquiesaq beeen eee ences JOquIsAON, afdibesegia weaelisde iar *19q0100, seek eee eRe Arenige,J Diva wt bees ale yas Avenuep “606T “806T “LO6T “906T “SO6T “pO6T “806T *606T “1061 “006T “6681 *868T “L68T “968T “S68T “P68T “868T “C68T “T68T “068T “TUON ‘OfUOLO,, “JOUINoL LaYjwaT pun a0yg UDipwUDD ay,7 WOIY suOTye;onb ‘yyUOUL Yove Jo yaeu Suruado oy} u0yUG_ ‘oyUOIOT, ye punod sod aoug ‘adddO AAVEH SHAHLVAT “panuyuoo—SHOHS ANV SLOO@ ANV WAHLVAT ‘MOTIVL ‘SAdIH “ILA— 6061-0681 ‘VGVNVO ‘S€0IUd A'IVSATIOHM "16 °ON SIGV]L, ‘6061-0681 ‘SH91UgG ATVSATIOHM ‘VGVNVO ‘UOOsV] JO INGWLAVadq DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 160 s¢t|s¢t|o¢t]o¢t|stt}]o¢t}| oFL | OFT| OFT) SET) Sat}/set}sot|sot|se@t)}; set) set} eet; ser; s@ty Sa “seq reqo ‘Bjosu0qd 8, Waulo AA 022) 022)|09%/|092%)|0¢2/)|0¢2 | stza| ora] orz; sea] sae] ocs | 03s] Oct] sta sts] Oss | 06} GBS] GBs i AD ‘sTeq rayontg j[v xoq sway OFT} OFT | GET! Sz) ost |f20 T | OL T | OL T | GOT | OOT! COT} 06 0 | 06 0 | 06 0 | 06 0} 06:0] 06 0 | 06 0] 06 0 | 06 O Jerr passed “seq soyontg yds s,ueyy ssyo ¢ [sto ¢ |'s10 ¢ |-s10 ¢ |'s}0 g [830 g |s19 g |'S}9 B [s}0 g |-s}0 g |s}0 F |'s}o g |'s}0 g |'S}0 F ['S}0 F jS}0 F |S} F |"S}9 F [SID g |'s}0 § I “606T | ‘806T | “L061 | ‘906T he “POGL | “GOGT | ‘ZOBT | TOGT | ‘OOGT | “66ST | “S6ST | “LEST | “968T | “S68T | FEST | “E68T | “S68T | “I6ST | “O6ST | ‘payury “O) YNV MeL, Aq payddus suonejonb sug ‘eavyC ye aed sod ao1g ‘SHOHS ANY SLOOd ‘panwyquog—SAOHS ANY SLOOd GNV YAHLVAT ‘MOTIVL ‘SAGIH ‘IIA—'6061-0681 ‘VAYNVO ‘SHOIUd ATVSATOHM "86 ‘ON FIAVI, ‘6061-0681 ‘SHOU ATVSATON A ‘YaYNYQ ‘Hnoavy dO LNAWLYvdad TABLES. VITI.—METALS AND IMPLEMENTS. 99. Antimony: Cookson’s. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 13722—11 Brass: roll and sheet, 14-20 gauge. Copper: Lake Superior, casting ingot. Pig iron: Scmerlee, No. 2. Pig iron: No. 1 foundry, f.o.b., Montreal. Iron: common bar. Iron: black sheets, 18 gauge. Iron: galvanized sheets, 16-24 gauge, ‘Queen’s Head.’ Iron: tinplates, charcoal I.C., 14-20 Bradley grade. Iron: tinplates, coke Bessemer, I.C. 14 x 20. Iron: Canada plates, ordinary (half and half). Iron: boiler plates, 34-inch size. Lead: imported pig. Silver: bar, fine. Solder: bar, half and half. Steel billets. Spelter, foreign. Tin: 100 lb. ingots, straits. Zinc: sheets, (in 5 ewt. casks). Anvils: Wright’s (80 lb. and over). Axes: standard. Grind stones: weighing from 40 to 200 lbs. each. Hammers: Canadian sledge. Horseshoes. Mallets: carpenters’ hickory, round, 6-in. Picks. Screws: bench wood. Soldering irons. Vises: Wright’s. 161 162 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT oF Lasour, CaNnapa, Wuo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; TasLe No, 99, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE. MENTS—Continued. ANTIMONY, COOKSON’S. Price per Ib.. at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metal. ee Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896, Cts Cts Cts Cts. Cts Cts Cts January... 20-21 21 -22 153-16 13 114-12 10-10. is February ..{ 21-22 203-214 134-16 134-134 wie | iad 19-1 March..... 21-22 194-20 154-16 134- 114-113 10-104 0 -10f April. 21-22 184-193 144-15 134-14 103-11 10-104 093-09 May....... 20-21 18 -184 144-15 124-13 093-10 10-1 09 ~10 June....... 20-21 164-174 4h 12-13 094-10 10-103 10 July... 2... 20-21 164-174 144 12 -13 093-10 10-104 09 August.....| 20-21 154-16 14¢ 12 -123 093-10 10-104 09 September..| 21-22 153-16 134-14 12 -123 094-10 10-104 09 October....} 21-22 154-16 134-134 12-124 10 ~104 10-103 09 November . 21-22 154-16 134 11-124 10 -104 10-104 09 ~094 December...| 21-22 154-16 134 113-12 10 -104 10-104 09 -094 Average.... +2108 +1768 _ +1448 +1267 +1042 +1025 +0950 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903, Cts Cts Cts. Cts. Cts Cts Cts January....| 09 -094 083-09 10 -11 11-113 11-11 103-11 09 -094 083-09 - 104-114 11-113 i ait i 8 09 -094 083-09 11-114 11-11 11 -114 10 09 09 -09% 082-09 11 ~113 11-114 li - 10 09 09 -094 094-093 11-114 11-114 103-11 10 09 09. -09$ 104-11 11 -113 11-11 103-11 09% . 09 eeeees] 089-09 104-11 11-115 11-114 103-11 09% 09 August.....| 083-09 104-11 11 -113 11-114 10$-11 094 09 September..| 083-09 104-11 11-115 11-113 10$-11 093 09 October....| 084-09 104-11 11 -113 11-114 103-11 093 09 November . 082-09 =! 104-11 11 -114 11-114 103-11 09 084 December...| 082-09 10 -11 11-115 11-113 104-11 09 074-08 Average....| +0906 +0998 +1116 | 1125 +1091 +0968 +0885 | Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. Cts Cts | Cts. Ots. Cts Cts January 074-08 103-11 1 27 11 -12 093 February 074-08 104-11 154-164 27 103-11 094 March...... 074-08 093 164-174 7 104 09 April 073-08 094 18 -18} 27 -274 1 09 AY. ... eee 074-08 09 27 -274 09+ 09 June 074-08 09 284 22 -23 094 July....... 074-08 094 ee 20 -22 9 084 August.....| 074-08 144 27 -28 17 094 08t September..| 0743-08 144 27 15 094 08t cosa | wee | | | we] | ovember.. December...| 074-08 144 - 27 12 -13 094 08t Average....| +0775 +1179 +2344 | +2087 +0989 “0870 | see 163 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 “‘seolid SulAnq ,sJoinjoenuey SSEEL -|O8EET + ZTETS-|TT66T -/LOTOT -ezszet- \gzezer- ester -\pszot-lazzot-|"77**|-77 fore ee freee fee bel ac ina ane [Saieees[Fomteed ves ee es eommeay 99°ET |SE-FE |G9-ST |29-% | f6T |OT-ST 42E [82°11 |S0-ST LI hone Salle heeees : vilsavaes vefeeees sre tr s]ereeee ees sequresag LE-ST |GE-FL [OTF ECS ELT HI ¥eL EIT LI at rect fest sf Srecaiers [besane andl eles aiisisiaaaleca eal feat aaa | i ees lel teree|ecsee sess zaquraaonr EI |69-SL |SL-PI SS LT |¥e-et 8S°ET g8-It los-91 lzg-9r |'°': siacseerace wise apaees| ies wnaiessei lena ate. creda siah| eiaseays ve pales (See ti Syb-Gr [atone ere. +19q0199 er-et jes-et | %or lse-er | for lpg-2r £81 zu! 91 |L2-91 Kesh | newline | Sms i fis Rio illisives ws cvervahiteesi leet Suis ei]ea'eoe say *-gzaquieydag eee Z9-SE IZ R81 ler-or ET $e ZI £91 le9-91 aes he See ae at Sveiee iat fee lhe wicks es Se eae ares eae 3588, Ge albecereueeee trees esses asngny QE-ET |06-ST |GE-s | EST |ST-ST |6L°ZT | U9-ET IZ 21! §9t spars ah gata ene ‘ vet fegeeeelee ee cefeeeeee]e ToL aN eea a | leseserets treet ee ame ¥eL 198-21 18-42 61 IST-SI gr R51 G9°ZI LI Bop [orc tfec ere tfece ee efor eee ede Sse he Bae sep eee seve elenes ay od Sutra ahd aung ter loz-zt| kez 6t |g0-st jez-et |oo-ct leg-et zt leg-ot [oot teeeeeleneeeees satel oee st sos av ieeuauees Wass ire bette eee e ge SI |4g-at jze-9z |sz-st laz-st |ze-er |zo-st Zr at| get foe (9044 3)4eeeas ell Bae tallies cae tales eee] a gine es ee SGliaea eras ++ sqady ¢g-zt |tg-2t |go-9¢ | eet lep-et | fet lez-$t Sar 11 |¢9-9t ceenlees Meeesenedicers| Gad tele andiens bette eeeeeateee ees pete leeeee ler eee reese eyprepy ov-et joo-et | ¥9z |so-st lev-et | fzr |oo-er 81 aul ot feo lee walaaciele ches aalllaig weet Melis Siecle astuaio eka Vins WHEN eR Rieeee tee Arenuqag ee-pr ltg-et |eg-gz lee-et lop-gt /tg-zt le¢-zt II AE) fot frcreetfeee el Heat's beMine wa Kall dnd coed areas aN gg tforteet|eeeee leer eee ees premerep “81D “810 “810 “810 "0 “840 “810 “BID “810 “S10 ‘ “6O6T | “SO6T | “ZO6T | “906T | “SO6T “pO6T “SO6T | “ZOGT | “IO6T | “OOGT | “66ST | “S68T | “Z68T | “968T | “S6ST | “FEST | “E68T | ‘ZEST | “TEST | ‘OBST “qyUOpL 4 Spoos sstiq JO Joinjoeynueul ase] &q parddns suorejonb ¢qyUoUL qava Jo ep JOYICUL SIG oY} WO ‘TearUOP] 1 “q] sad aollg ‘ “‘panuyUuojo—SLNaWaTdWI GNV STIVLAW “ITIA—'606T-068T “VAVNVO ‘SHOIUd ATVSHIOH. ‘OOL ‘ON BIAVI, ‘6061-O68T “SHOING ATVSA TON M "VQVNVO ‘Hn0av] 40 INGWLEVatq ‘H9OVD 0Z-FI {LGaHS GNV TION ‘ssvua 13722—113 164 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DeparTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA, WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TaBie No. 101, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—VITI. METALS AND IMPLE-. MENTS—Continued. ' COPPER, LAKE SUPERIOR CASTING INGOT. eer Price per lb. at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metat. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896, | Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. January...) 153-16 15 -16 143-15 134-144 123-13 10 ~103 ure February...| 154-16 143-154 13-13} 13-13) 123-13 10 -104 116-12 March......| 154-16 143-154 13-134 13 -13h 121-13 10 -104 11h April... .| 154-16 141-16 | 13-135 13-13} 122-13 10 -104 11h-12 134-14 13-13% 12]-13 123-13 10 -104 h12 14°-15 13 -134 121-13 103-11 112-19 144-15 B 125-134 105-11 11-114 11b-13 144-15 12°-123 103-11 w-ui b12 Mis | 13-ist 13-133 1011 11-12" | 114-12 141-15 4 113-12 10!-11 124-124 10811 : 14-15 | 13h 12°-123 10}-11 121-125 ub December...) 162-18 muei5 | 14 12-134 10-11 114-12 1b12 Average....| + 16104 “1477 | 13562 12807 11635 11000 11791 Month. *1897, +1898. +1899. *1900. *1901. #1902. #1903. Cts. Cts. | Cts, Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Tantiary nse “1150 -1100! -1325--1350/ -1600-- 1625 “1700 +1213] + 1200-1237 February... - 1200 -1100| + 1700-1725 "1625 +1700 | -1250--1300) -1255--1280 March... -1200 | -1175--1200| -1775-- 1800 “1625 +1700 | -1213--1250| «1350-1375 Aprilecie -1163 | -1200--1210 °1800 | «1700-1713 “1700 | -1200--1238] - 1500-1525 aye 1100__| -1215--1235 “1925 "1700 -1700 | +1188--1210| +1500 June... |.) | «1100--1125 :1200 “1850. ; +1663 1770 °1240 | »1475-»1500 Tuy “1113-1125 +1175! -1825-- 1850, +1625—- 1650 -1770 | «1213--1225! -1400--1450 ‘August... |) :1110--1113 +1150 "1850 71650. | +1650--1700} -1175--1195) -1300—- 1325 September... "1125 | -1225-- 1238 -1850 - 1663 "1650. | -1130—-1160 «1375-1387 October... +1125 | -1225--1238) -1838--1850| -1663-- 1688 “1650 | -1155--1175| - 1325-1337 November. -1100__| -1250-- 1265 -1700 °1675 | -1685--1700| -1163-- 1188) -1375—- 1400 December... - 1075-1088] +1265--1280| -1700--1725, +1700. | +1650-- 1700 71150. | «1212-1237 Average....| -1132 “1194 | -1767 . 1661 “1687 “1201 1368 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. Cts Cts | Cts. Cts Cts Cts January....| 134-14 154 204 253-26 143 153-15 February... 13% 164 204 264-27 143-15 15-15} March... 134 163 204 264-27 14°-144 14h ‘Aprile. 4 134 164-16} 204 26-27 14-14} 14 seh ee 134 164-164 204 27 133-14 14 June... 1. 134 164-164 204-31 26 264 134-145 14-144 Buly.i12! 132 164-164 204-21 254-26 13} 144 ‘August... 134 16-164 304 23°23} 13h 14}-14 September... 134 162-17 203-314 23 234 144 143-14 October. ... 132 162-17 Bik-29 7 14 144-14 November. 134 17-173 23°-233 16-174 14 i4 December... 143-15 194-194 24 24h | 144-15$ 15 | 143-143 Average....| -13843. | -16685 -21229 23333 “141458 “14354 | a *New York quotations from T'he Iron Ae. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 165 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TABLE No. 102. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—XIII. METALS AND IMPLE- MENTS—Continued. PIG IRON, SUMMERLEE NO. 2. Price per ton at Montreal, Que., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Le Montteur du Commerce. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894, 1895. 1896. 3 ets & ets 3 cts. $ cts $ cts. 22 50 22 50 20 50 22 50 21 50 22 50 22 50 20 50 22 50 21 50 22 50 22 50 21 50 22 50 21 00 22 00 19 50 19 50 22 00 21 00 22 00 19 50 19 50 22 00 20 00: 19 75 19 50 19 50 20 00 20 00: 19 50 19 50 19 50 20 50 21 00 20 00 19 50 19 50 20 50 21 00 fe 20 00 19 50 21 00 20 50 21 00 October. . 20 50 19 00 21 50 21 00 21 00 November. . 22 00 19 00 21 50 21 50 21 00 December... 22 50 20 50 20 50 21 50 21 00 Average.... 21-3125 20-25 20-375 21-4166 20-9166 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. % cts $ cts $ cts. $ cts. $ cts $ cts. $ cts January... 21 00 18 50 18 50 27 50 26 00 22 00 24 00 February.. 21 50 18 50 18 50 27 DO" |) wiuisss twee 23 00 24 00 Mare 21 50 18 50 18 50 27 50 23 00 23 00 24 00 April 21 50 18 50 21 00 27 50 23 00 23 00 24 00 BY os ness 17 50 18 50 20 00 28 00 22 00 20 00 24 00 June....... 21 00 18 50 21 00 28 00 22 00 20 50 24 00 July. ...... 21 00 18 50 22 00 28 00 21 00 20 50 24 00 August..... 21 00 18 50 24 00 25 00 20 00 21 00° 24 00 September... 21 00 18 50 24 50 25 00 20 00 21 50 21 00 October.... 21 00 18 50 27 00 25 00 20 00 22 50 21 00 November.. 18 50 18 50 27 50 25 00 19 50 23 00 21 00 December... 18 50 18 50 27 50 26 00 19 50 23 50 21 00 Average.... | 20-4166 18-50 22-50 26-6666 21-4545 21-9583 23-0000 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts January... 21 50 21200-. | (lesiemaus eaarians 25 00 25 50 21 52 February. 21 50 2T00. | Wessadad, Banca’ 25 00 25 00 21 52 sendin 21 50 21 00 25 00 25 00 25 50 21 50 April.. 21 50 21 50 25 00 23 50 25 50 19 00 IBY oo cde aye 21 50 20 00 25 00 23 50 25 50 21 50 June....... .21 00 : 19 00 22 00 26 50 25 50 21 50 GUY bone ecsckie 21 00 19 00 22 00 26 50 25 00 21 50 August... 21 00 19 00 22 00 25 50 25 25 19 75 September.. 21 00 18 75 22 75 25 50 25 25 20 00 October. . 21 00° 19 25 22 75 25 50 25 25 20 00 November.. 2V0O) Gait merece 22 75 25 50 25 25 20 00 December... 21 OO!) cesarean 23 50 25 50 21 52 20 00 Average.... 21-2083 19-9500 | 23-275 | | 25-2083 25-0016 20-6491 166 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT OF LazBourR, CaNnana, Wao esate Prices, 1890-1909; Tasue No, 103, WHOLESALE* PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—VUI. “METALS AND IMPLE. " MENTS—Continued. NO. 1 FOUNDRY PIG IRON, F.O.B. CARS, MONTREAL. Price per ton of 2,240 Ibs., on the first market day of each month; quotations supplied by The Dominion Iron & Steel Company, Limited. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. January February March...... LU ais.fieoe Ysera rctsca June....... July....... August..... September. . October.... November. . December... AVOLARE ici! lew ee giea'edled Sunes ease ees deco dhceiuave Bteieall metuoteaeds uacapandas MG Sop Re ok Sc denell cree baitaae tats lide tas samenne Month. 1897, 1898. 1899, 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. $ cts. $ cts. DAIVU BEY. asers | oo use Retental [aoe eam lasa ga Do we auaeNec a: cadaperacaai [sasetaclaneenss peepaseane ord, Seana ae 15 00 18 25 PG Bru ary sce) cov autys Sicnbuat siete ss cocattanencdie alee ovine sores cov eleva 923s) anion sedan e¥s iacate [alec ee 15 00 18 25 Mare bigs ssocte'l kd cease ach ill aed ae ed eal dy irecars shite Se | lotta he ous ee aua goat esauddays acB'Seo 15 50 19 25 RAV nsaes Pacaawsweaee he dhiope oe valle te tad phot ae ea pee ee crew gee Ma 15 75 18 25 Bs vstines (ss aReeebtli cadens ohare ane eEeaeansa es LOVE Eee Secluss 16 75 18 50 DUG se esac] bagavcesthaceed raven sat | leew ace eravieae bee esed] abse waseeaieac eae asl ford oneness Meese l/s ena eaod AVE Aaa 16 75 Di a.c 2h sbi et es or etd ga OREO REE NEE PAR RHER He Te KEeen ak eeae kaw’ y 17 75 18 50 August. lS srtea suena ate) botensd ate tansia cay sel| lafausta, 45 Tu (eeasale tail or salenterenacenehe{ sina ctegadsusoeaaGon ace 17°75 18 75 September’ oi|h .s-0)ssyersln: ors a'e)| eee Geeteis arsed ssa Nh wisoia eee wl otateaw ice due tater’ [tare g aeailard olicasess 17 75 19 00 October iced. ov eases 2-56 4-2 AG ie ois ell [Seah earg Sandios v4 Ae weed eo a gd [lo ae cers arebeta gd 18 00 18 50 Novem bets | ix si/ssu:ecs sigs seahorse doe ahs bay ae a evap ccakavaiacs ae | a kounee 4a Seamus | Puech ware ea ae 18 00 18 50 DeCHBUERs laa ciadeadieulalsciediahen eceeedawhs cul ieead renews [VS REP ERRERTS 18 00 17 50 VOR ABO i520) fise: ois tousys tote ssa Hevea aneratie es dual esd as Sascaed veces! GUL Huabars eroeaterdeerd | sugrsananniecd years 16-8333 18-4791 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $3 cts $ cts $ cts 3 cts $3 cts. 3 cts January 17 25 16 75 17 50 20 25 21 00 18 00 February. 17 25 16 75 18 00 20 50 21 00 18 00 Marc! 17 25 16 75 19 00 20 50 22 00 18 00 April....... 17 00 16 75 18 75 21 50 20 00 18 evn eas: 16 75 16 75 18 00 21 50 19 00 18 75 June....... 16 75 16 75 18 00 21 50 18 75 18 75 July....... 16 75 16 75 18 00 21 50 18 75 18 50 August..... 16 75 17 00 18 50 21 75 18 00 18 50 September.. 16 75 17 00 18 75 21 75 18 00 18 50 October.... 16 75 17 00 18 75 21 50 17 75 19 00 November. . 16 50 17 25 19 00 21 00 18 00 19 00 December... 16 50 17 50 19 25 20 50 18 25 19 00 Average.... 16-8541 16-9166 18+ 4583 21-1458 19-2083 18-5000 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 167 DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA, WHOLESALE PrRIcks, 1890-1909; Taste No. 104. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909. —VIII. METALS AND IMPLE- MENTS—Continued. IRON: COMMON BAR. Price per cwt. at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from ra ardware and Metal. Month. 1890. 1891 : 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 3 cts. 3 cts. $3 ets. $ ets. 3 ets. 3 cts. 3 ets. JaQuary.. ccc cece ceeeeeee 2 50 2 30-2 40; 2 25-2 30) 2 00-2 15 1 95 1 70-1 75} 1 70-1 75 February.........00ee eee 2 60 2 30-2 40] 2 25-2 30] 2 05-2 10 1 95 1 70-1 75} 1 70-1 75 BEC aoa 5.9 Waa e ER e HE who 2 60 2 30-2 40) 2 10-2 15 2 05 195 1 60-1 65) 1 70-1 75 Apellins ciscah 2 nerve reas ae 2 50-2 60) 2 30-2 40) 2 10-2 15 2 05 1 85-1 90 1 65 1 65-1 70 BY os Maas RNA Bnet he8 40-2 50} 2 10-2 15} 2 05-2 15 1 95 1 85-1 90] 1 55-1 60} 1 65-1 70 VUNG. 258265 wed Eee aes 2 40-2 50; 2 05-2 10) 2 05-2 15 1 95 1 85-1 90} 1 70-1 75) 1 60-1 65 DULY ty aesichan Boat co teniasd ars 2 40 2 05-2 10; 2 05-2 15 1 95 1 85-1 90 1 75 1 60-1 65 AURIS ssa eka kee es 2 40 2 05-2 10) 2 05-2 15 1 95 1 85-1 90) 1 70-1 75] 1 60-1 65 September. 2 35-2 40) 2 05-2 10) 2 05- 215 1 95 1 85-1 90] 1 70-1 75] 1 60-1 65 etober, 2 35-2 40) 2 05-2 10) 2 00-2 15 1 95 1 85-1 90} 1 70-1 75] 1 60-1 65 November. wares 2 35-2 40) 2 05-2 10} 2 00-2 15 1 95 1 80 1 70-1 75} 1 60-1 65 December.......... 2 35-2 40} 2 05-2 10] 2 00-2 15 1 95 1 80 1 70-1 75) 1 60-1 65 AVERARG 2 ia ninies 2-454 2-170 2-127 1-987 1-881 1-700 1-653 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 3 cts. 3 cts. 3 cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 1 60-1 65] 1 50-1 55 1 45 2 40-2 50 1 70 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 55-1 60} 1 50-1 55 1 45 2 45-2 50} 1 65-1 70 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 55-1 60} 1 50-1 60] 1 50-1 60) 2 45-2 50] 1 65-1 70/ 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 55-1 60] 1 50-1 60 1 70 2 45-2 50) 1 70-1 75] 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 55-1 60} 1 50-1 60! 1 65-1 75] 2 45-2 50/ 1 85-1 90) 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 45-1 50; 1 45-1 55) 1 80-1 85] 2 30-2 35] 1 85-1 90) 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 40-1 50} 1 45-1 55| 1 90-1 95] 2 30-2 35) 1 85-1 90} 1 95-2 05 2 00 1 50-1 55] 1 45-1 55 2 00 2 00-2 10) 1 85-1 90; 1 95-2 05 2 00 1 50-1 55) 1 45-1 55 215 2 00-2 10] 1 90-1 95} 1 95-2 05 2 00 October.........; Pa aves alee 1 50-1 55] 1 45-1 55) 2 35-2 45] 1 70-1 75) 1 90-1 95} 1 95-2 05 2 00 November................ 1 50-1 55 1 45 2 35-2 45] 1 60-1 65} 1 92-2 05 2 05 1 95 December...............55 1 50-1 55 1 45 2 40-2 50] 1 65-1 70} 1 95-2 05 2 05 1 90 Average............ 1-539 1-508 1-916 2-177 1-842 2-008 2-012 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $3 cts. 3 cts. $3 cts $ cts $3 cts. $ cts 1 80 1 80 2 00 2 30 2 25 1 95 1 80 1 80 2 05 2 30 2 20 1 95 1 80 1 80 210 2 30 2 20 1 95 1 80 1 80 2 20 2 30 2 20 1 95 1 80 1 80 215 2 30 2 00 1 95 1 80 1 85 215 2 30 2 00 1 95 1 80 1 85 215 2 30 2 00 1 95 1 75 1 85 215 2 30 2 00 1 95 175 1 85 215 2 30 1 95 1 95 1 80 1 90 _ 215 2 30 1 95 1 95 1 80 1 95 2 25 2 30 1 95 1 95 1 80 2 00 2 25 2 30, 1 95 2 00 1-791 1-854 2-145 2-300 2-054 1-950 168 : DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DrpaRTMENT OF LaBpour, CANADA, WHOotesaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Tas.e No, 105, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE. MENTS—Continued. IRON: BLACK SHEETS, 18 GAUGE. Price per lb. at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month, quotations from Hardware and Meta. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895, ‘ 1896, Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. 034 03- 034 023-03 022-03 |} 023-03 022-024 Groot 034 03 —03+ 024-03 024-03 02%-03 022-024 | 028-02 034 03 -034 023-03 024-03 0234-03 022-02 028-024 034 03 -03% 023-03 02%-034 022-03 022-02 028-02 034 023-03 02{-03 023-03 024-03 022-024 034 022-03 023-03 028-03 024 022-024 2 034 024-03 023-03 028-03 024 022-024 | 02%-02 024-03 024-03 024-03 024 022-024 | 024-0: 034-034 023-03 0234-03 024-03 024 022-024 024-024 032-034 | 024-03 024-03 023-22 024 022-024 | 023-0! November... 034-034 | 022-03 02{-03 024-22 022-024 022-024 | 023-0! December..............--- 034-034 023-03 024-03 024-03 022-024 022-024 024-024 Average............ +0341 +0295 + 0287 - 0280 +0264 +0245 + 0248 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. . Cts. 024-024 na 022 03 y5 0325 02%-03 024-03 024-024. 02 02 0375 0375 027-03 | 2408 024-024 02% 023 0375 03 024-03 023-03 024-024 02% 02% 032 03 024-03 024-03 024-024 023 02 032 03 024-03 024-03 024-024 02¢ 02 034 03 024-03 024-03 024-024 02% 02 03% 023-03 02$-03 024-03 AUSUSE 54.5 :csc-arbihex aires deceee 024-024 023 02 034 024-03 024-03 September................ 024-024 02 023 032 024-03 024-03 02y5 October. csccisinwessrcte ces 024-023 022 023 0375 tere 024-03 02% November.. 023-023 02 024 03 26 024-03 024-03 02? December.............0005 024-023 02} 03 0325 02%-03 024-03 0254-022 Average............ 0235 +0237 0257 0315 0298 0292 6280 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. OR: 027,-022 |.......... 022 022 022 023% 022"-02% [1122101 1! 022 023 023 02." O2y5-024 |.......... 022 022 022 0235 0275-023 |.......... 022 022 022 0225 02%,-024 |i... 0.0... 022 024 023 023; 0275-024 |........,. 022 023 022 0225 0274-024 |.......... 02? 022 022 0235 AU BUSES cisscreswrae Syvts abun Rave 0275-024 |.......... 022 023 022 023% September................ 0274-023 |.......... 022 022 024 025% October 02-022 |.......... 022 022 024 02a'5 frowember- 4 022 022 022 022 024 0235 ecember...... 022 022 022 023 024 0225 Average..........0. 0241 0240 +0241 0263 0253 0245 WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 169 DEPARTMENT oF LasBouR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Taste No. 106. MENTS—Continued. IRON: GALVANIZED SHEETS, 16-24 GAUGE, “QUEEN'S HEAD”. 1890-1909 VIII. METALS AND IMPLE- Price per Ib. at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metal. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. 054-052 , 05 -054 | 054-054 | 05 -054 | 044-047 047, 054-054 | 05 -054 | 05-053 | 05 -054 | 044-04¢ | 044-044 054-05% | 05 -054 | 05 -054 | 05-054 | 044-043 4-0 054-05? | 05 -054 | 05 -054 | 05 -054 | 044-044 | 0415-04 054-054 | 05 -054 | 05 -054 | 044-043 | 044-043 | 042-04 053-054 | 05 -054 | 05-054 | 044-044 | 044-044 | 034-04 053-054 | 05 -054 | 05 -05% | 044-043 | 044-042 | 04 -044 053-053 | 05-053 | 05 -05% | 044-043 | 044-0: 034-04 4-0 054-054 | 05 -054 | 05 -05% | 044-044 | 044-04 ee October.........--....0-5 054-06 05 -054 -054 | 043-05 044-044 | 044-04 034-044 November................ 054-06 05 -054 | 054-054 | 044-05 044-044 | 044-044 | 03x04 December.........-....0.-5 054-05% | 05 -054 | 054-054 | 05 -054 | 044-044 | 044-044 042 Average............ + 0567 0540 | +0517 0519 | +0479 +0462 0428 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. 044-048 oy 034-04 044-044 | 0474-042 04 04 044-048 03 034-04 044-044 | 04 -044 04 04 044-048 034 pare 042-043 | 04 -04 04 04 037-034 03% 034-044 | 048-044 | 04 -04¢ 04 04 034-034 03% 04-044 | 047-042 | 04 a4 04 04 33-03% 03% 04 -041 | 041-042 | 04 -04 04 04 032-034 03% 04 -044 | 042-042 | 033-04 04 04 034-03 ed 044-044 | 04%-042 | 033-04 04 04 033-03 03 044-044 | 044-044 | 033-04 04 04 03% 034 044-044 } 044-044 04 04 04 03% 03% 044-044 | 044-044 044 04 04 034 034-04 044-044 | 0474-042 045 04 04 Average............| +0398 +0387 0416 +0441 +0405 0401 04-00 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. | Cts. Cts. January... eee 04 034 03% 033-03; | 03x%-04% 338 February................. 032 034 034 03 %-044 | 03%-04 75 335 MarGhy: 5 ssi cates esr en tae aos 033 034 032 03¥5-04} | 03¢-0475 33h Aprils iss -c ae cuanee deacons 034 034 03# 03%,-043 ; 031-04 24 OY cde cecmoke cated settee 033 032 03% 03;3,-042 | 034-04; 245 TUM ss i-c sarees tes aes ea 03 032 03% 035-044 | 03%-0415 245 DULY Sceciats sate ais @ a Ntaucee sien 03% 032 03%5 35-044 | 043-0475 235 AURUSti cen sacs naan de Sale 03% 032 03:5 0335-04¢ | 034-04 235 September................ 034 032 03%%5 033-04 | 031-04 245 October... . 034 032 03% 03%-04¢ | 033-04 248 November. . 034 03% 03 03,3-044 | 034-04 243 December................. 034 032 03-03% | 0375-044 | 034-04 338 Average............ +0370 03-56 +0393 + 0328 +0381 | +0403 170 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Giaeaawacaen oF Laspour, CanaDA, WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TaBLz No, 107, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1999.—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE- MENTS—Continued. IRON: TINPLATES, CHARCOAL I.C., 14x20, BRADLEY GRADE. Price per box of 112 sheets, on the first market day of each month, quotations from Hard- ware and Metal. | | Month. ' 1890. 1891. | 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895, 1896. | | | | % eo 8 cts 8 ots. | $ cts $ cts. 3 cts $3 cts 6 00-6 as| 6 25-6 50] 6 00-6 25' 6 00-6 25| 5 75-6 00, 5 25 5 25 6 00-6 25) 6 50-6 75) 6 00-6 25, 6 00-6 25] 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 25 6 25-6 50, 6 50-6 75! 6 00-6 25 5 75-6 00; 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 25 6 25-6 50} 6 50-6 75! 6 00-6 25 5 75-6 00; 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 25 6 25-6 50; 6 50-6 75| 6 00-6 25 5 75-6 00| 5 50-5 75) 5 25 5 25 6 25-6 50| 6 50-6 75| 6 00-6 25 5 75-6 00) 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 25 6 25-6 50! 6 25-6 50! 6 00-6 25' 5 75-6 00| 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 00 August........0. 0.000000. 6 0U-6 25] 6 25-6 50| 6 00-6 25' 5 75-6 00| 5 50-5 75; 5 25 5 00 September................ 6 00-6 25] 6 00-6 25] 6 00-6 25| 5 75-6 00] 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 00 October......... 00.00.00. 6 00-6 25) 6 00-6 25; 6 00-6 25 5 75-6 00) 5 50-5 75| 5 25 5 00 November................ 6 25-6 50] 6 00-6 25] 6 00-6 25) 5 75-6 00) 5 25 5 25 5 00 December................. 6 25-6 50} 6 00-6 25! 6 00-6 25| 5 75-6 00) 5 25 | 5 25 5 00 Average............ 6-270 6-395 6-125 | 5-916 5-583 | 5-250 5+ 125 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 3 cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts 5 00 5 00 5 00 6 50 7 00 6 75 6 75 5 00 5 00 5 00 6 50 6 75 6 75 6 75 5 00 5 00 5 00 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 5 00 5 00 5 00 7 00 6 75 - 6 75 6 75 5 00 5 00 5 00 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 5 00 5 00 5 50 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 5 00 5 00 5 75 7 00 6 50 6 75 6 75 AUBUSE.: oo c.5csc5 is cade 5 00 5 00 6 25 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 September................ 5 00 6 50 6 50 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 October.........0 00.0000. 5 00 5 00 6 50 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 November................ 5 00 5 00 6 50 7 00 6 75 6 75 6 75 December................. 5 00 5 00 6 50 7 00 6 75 6°75 6 75 Average............ 5-000 5-000 5-708 6-916 6-750 6-750 6-750 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. ' $ cts. 8 cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts $ cts JAMUAFY 50s are dsoacens 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 February............0.... 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 ARGH ois coches celeacuecbwiis 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 ApH iass ciccdsu hemedoees 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 sce my deatacendad Meanccein eee 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 TUNG zie Ain oa sens aeons 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 PWV bi ik oben puaheresen 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 Auguste iasccanwcrnccse 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 September................ 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 October.................. 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 November................ 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 December................. 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 00 6 00 Average............ 6-500 6-500 6+ 500 6-500 6-041 6-00 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 ‘ 171 DEPARTMENT oF Labour, CANADA. WuotesaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Taste No, 108. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE- MENTS—Continued. IRON: TINPLATES, COKE, BESSEMER, I.c., 14x20. Price per box of 112 plates, at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quo- tations from Hardware and Metal. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ cts. | $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts # cts 4 50-4 55 4 60-4 75! 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25; 4 0 25° 3 10-3 25] 2 90-3 00 4 50-4 55, 4 50-5 25) 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 3 50-3 75| 3 10-3 25] 2 90-3 00 4 50-4 55, 4 50-5 25' 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25] 3 50-3 75] 3 10-3 25} 2 90-3 00 4 50-4 55; 4 75-5 00| 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 3 35-3 50) 3 10-3 25| 2 90-3 00 4 50-4 55) 4 75 5 00} 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 3 35-3 50] 3 10-3 25, 2 90-3 00 4 25-4 50| 4 75-5 00} 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 3 35-3 50] 3 10-3 25) 2 90-3 00 4 25-4 50, 4 75-5 00' 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25) 3 35-3 50] 3 10-3 25] 2 90-3 00 4 25-4 50] 4 75-5 00/ 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25; 3 35-3 50! 2 90-3 10] 2 90-3 00 4 25-4 50) 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25/74 00-4 25] 3 35-3 50] 2 90-3 10) 2 90-3 00 4 40-4 50] 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 3 35-3 50} 2 90-3 10] 2 90-3 00 November,.............4. 4 40-4 50] 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25) 4 00-4 25] 3 10-3 25] 2 90-3 10] 2 90-3 00 December................-| 4 60-4 75] 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 4 00-4 25] 3.10-3 25] 2 90-3 00 3 00 Average..........-. 4:475 4-608 4-125 4-125 3-475 3-102 2-954 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. PADUBTY vawes bakes oun Boe 3 00 2 90-3 00! 3 00 4 35 4 30 4 50 4 00 PGUPURLY sis a v:dis minis oy 315 2 90-3 00; 3 15 4 35 415 4 00 4 00 MOTO as senseeance nese oe 3.15 2 90-3 00 3 15 4 60 415 4 25 4 00 April sicishcisttisnddsuagins anauece vrebe 3 15 2 90-3 00 315 4 60 415 4 25 4 00 IY ais aia: aetiata ce deanand .agnieve weed 315 3 00 3 15 4 60 4 00 4 25 4 00 JUNE... eee eee hana’ 315 3 00 3 40 4 60 4 00 4 25 4 00 POT ose ota na eS, nice eas 315 3 00 3 60 4 60 3 75 4 25 4 00 BUPA ud an dame aa die wee 3 00 3 00 4 35 4 60 4 25 4 25 3 85 September... 3 00 3 00 4 35 4 50 475 4 25 3 85 October......... 3 00 3 00 4 35 4 30 4 75 4 25 3 85 November....... eras 3 00 3 00 4 35 4 30 475 4 25 3 75 December..............665 3 00 3 00 4 35 4 30 4 50 4 25 3 65 Average............ 3-075 2-983 3-695 4-475 4-291 4-250 3-912 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 3 cts $ cts $ cts 3 cts $ cts $ cts $ cts. 3 65 3 40 3 75 4 25 4 25-4 35) 4 00 3 50 3 50 3 75 425 4 25 4 00 3 50 3 50 3 75 4 25 4 25 4 00 3 50 3 50 3 75 4 25 4 25 4 00 3 50 3 50 3 75 4 25 4 25 4 00 3 35 3 50 3 75 42 4 25 4 00 3 35 3 50 3 75 4 25-4 35) 4 00 4 00 3 35 3 50 3°75 4 25-4 35) 4 00 4 00 3 35 3 50 3 75 4 25-4 35 4 00 4 00 etober..... 3 35 3 50 4 00 4 25-4 35} 4 00 4 00 November... . 3 35 3 50 4 00 4 25-4 35) 4 00 4 00 URMIDEN i6ms ote e cee x 6 3 35 3 50 4 25 4 25-4 35 4 00 4 00 Average............ 3-425 3-491 3-833 4-275 4-129 4-000 172 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DrEpaRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TasLe No,"109, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE- MENTS—Continued. IRON: CANADA PLATES, ORDINARY (HALF-AND-HALF). Price per 525 sheets at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metal. a Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. i 3 cts $ cts $ cts $ cts. $ cts 3 cts 3 cts. JADUALY: vasnser pais asa pares 3 25-3 50 3 20-3 25! 2 90-3 00; 2 65-2 90 2 75 2 25 2 50 February...... 3 50-3 75' 3 20-3 25) 2 90-3 00) 2 75-2 90 2 75 2 25 2 50 3 25-3 75, 3 20-3 25) 2 90-3 00 2 75 2 75 2 25 2 50 3 25-3 50; 3 20-3 25) 2 90-3 00) 2 75-2 80 2 75 2 25 2 50 3 25-3 50) 3 20-3 25) 2 90-3 00; 2 65-2 75| 2 55-2 60 2 25 2 50 3 00-3 50/ 3 20-3 25) 2 90-3 00, 2 Go: 2 55-2 60 2 25 2 50 3 00-3 50} 3 15-3 25) 2 90-3 00) 2 75 2 55-2 60 2 25 2 4 August. 3 00-3 15) 3 10-3 25) 2 90-3 00! 2 75 2 55-2 60 2 25 2 25-2 35 September -....]| 3 00-3 25] 3 10-3 25) 2 90-3 00) 2 75 2 55-2 60 2 25 October.......... 3 10-3 25! 3 00-3 05} 2 90-3 10) 2 65-2 75| 2 55-2 60, 2 30-2 35 2 35 November 3 10-3 25| 2 90-3 10; 2 75-3 10, 2 65-2 75 2 25 2 30-2 35 2 35 December................. 3 20-3 25) 2 90-3 10, 2 75-3 10| 2 75 2 25 2 50 2 50-2 60 Average............ 3: 293 3-160 | 2-950 i 2:747 2-579 2-283 2-445 \ Month. — 1897. 1898. | 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. | | | | $ cts $ cts. | $ cts $ cts $ cts. $ cts. | $ cts. i | DADUARY sisi huaairars bre aa 2 65 2 35-2 40 3 35 3 35 3 25 315 | 2 85-3 10 February............00005 2 65 2 35-2 40 2 60 3 35-3 60 3 15 3 10 ; 2 85-3 10 Match ciate 1 Gtetcniamstecyecede at 2 65 2 35-2 40 2 60 3 35-3 60 3 15 3 10 » 2 85-3 10 ADT os cienied 8 tees eaaewe wear’ 2 65 2 35-2 40 2 60 3 45-3 60 3 15 3 10 2 85-3 10 May je is dich avs aoe sachace ceo teeing dees 2 65 2 35-2 40 2 60 3 45-3 60 3.15 3 10 2 85-3 10 DUT Oh 4 fasdes s2 as rent teraivcsoar giles 2 50 2 35-2 40 2 60 3 60 3 00 3 10 2 85-3 10 DR 2 5 ontesics ceva Rladbiicits & taitalene 2 50 2 35-2 40 2 65 3 60 3 00 3.10 2 85-3 10 BUPUS oc oa ey nae xgese 64 2 50 2 35-2 40 2 85 3 50 3 00 3 00-3 10 2 85 September................ 2 45 2 35-2 40 2 85 3 35 3 00 3 00-3 10 2 85 October........... Reng ie Bo i 2 45 2 35-2 40 2 85 3 25 3 00 3 00-3 10 2 70 November................ ! 2 30 2 35 2 85 3 25 3 25 2 85-3 10 2 70 DECC mbSraasaeueie x4 sais atc o | 2 35 2 35 3 00 3 25 315 2 85-3 10 2 70 Average............ | 2825 2-370 2-700 | 3-429 3-104 3-070 2-885 sid { | | | Month. | 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. | | | | & ets. $ cts. $ cts. $ ots. & cts $ cts. § cts I | 2 70 2 50 2 60 3 00 3 05 2 50-2 60 | 2 60 250 | 260 2 90 275 2 50-2 60 2 60 2 50 | 2 80 2 90 2 75 2 50-2 60 2 60 2 50 | 2 65 2 90 275 2 50-2 60 2 60 2 50 \ 2 65 2 90 2 60 2 50-2 60 2 60 2 50 2 65 3 05 2 60 2 50-2 60 2 60 2 50 2 65 3 05 2 60 2 40-2 60 2 60 2 50 2 65 3 05 2 60 2 40-2 60 2 60 2 50 2 65 3 05 2 60 2 40-2 60 2 60 2 50 2 75 3 05 2 60 2 40-2 60 2 50 2 50 2 75 3 05 2 60 2 40-2 60 2 50 2 75 | 3°00 3 05 2 60 2 40-2 60 2-591 | 2-520 | 2-700 | 2-995 2-675 2-525 * “ Blaina” brand principally, though “‘ Boars Head” and ‘‘Maple Leaf” brands are about the same. Other sae By eres as “dull” and ‘‘all bright.” The line quoted is medium, being bright on one side and dull WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 173 DEPARTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Taste No. 110. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, "1890-1909.—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE- MENTS—Continued. IRON: BOILER PLATE, t INCH SIZE. Price per cwt. at T oronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metal. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ cts $ cts 8 cts. | $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts 3 50 2 75 2 45 | 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 3 50 275 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 3 50 2 75 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 3 50 275 2 45 2 45 245 2 45 2 45 3 50 2 50 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 3 50 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 3 50 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 3 50 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 75 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 75 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 275 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 December.......- 2 75 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 2 45 Average.....-..0005 3-250 | 2-554 2-450 2-450 2-450 2-450 2-450 l Month. 1897. 1398. 1399. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. | | $ cts. $ cts : 8 cts. 8 cts 8 cts 2 cts. $ cts 2 45 200 | 200 325 225 | 2 50-2 60; 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 2 00 325 | 225 | 2 50-2 60, 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 2 00 3 25 225 | 2 50-2 60] 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 2 00 3 25 225 | 2 50-2 60) 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 2 00 325 | 2 50-2 60, 2 50-2 60) 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 3 25 325 | 2 50-2 60! 2 50-2 60| 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 3 25 325 | 2 50-2 60) 2 50-2 60, 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 3 25 325 | 2 50-2 60, 2 50-2 60! 2 50-2 60 2 45 2 00 3 25 325 | 2 50-2 60) 2 50-2 60, 2 50-2 60 October.............00--. 2 45 2 00 3 25 2 25 2 50-2 60| 2 50-2 60; 2 50-2 60 November..............-- 2 00 2 00 3 25 2 25 2 50-2 60] 2 50-2 60) 2 50-2 60 December................- 2 00 2 00 3 25 2 25 2 50-2 60] 2 50-2 60] 2 50-2 60 Average.........005 2-375 | 2-000 2-729 3-000 | 2-450 2-550 2-550 Month. | 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. | 1908. 1909. & cts. $ cts $ cts. $ cts & cts $ cts January.... 26. eee ee eee 2 50-2 60! 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 40 February...........00000- 2 50-2 60! 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 40 March..... 1.1111 1...000.. 2 50-2 60/ 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 40 Aprilige oye tiie bose eas 2 50-2 60| 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 40 AViny sua ohsKe hea eS 2 50-2 60| 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 20 Dineen hag: svn seengeeas 2 50-2 60! 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 20 Dulyte Store ca cem saunas 250-2 60/ 250 | 250 | 240-250, 240 2 20 August... 1... ....0..s0., 250-2 60} 250 | 250 | 240-250, 2 40 2 20 September................ 250-2 60] 250 ) 250 | 240-250 2 40 2 20 October.................- 2 50-2 60) 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 40 2 20 , November................ 2 50-2 60; 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 40 2 20 December...............05 2 50-2 60, 2 50 - 2 50 2 50 240 | 220 Average...........- 2-550 2-500 2-500 2-487 2-450 2-266 174 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA, Waounsae Prices, 1890-1909; Tasie No."111, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909:—VIII. METALS AND IMPLE. MENTS—Continued. LEAD, IMPORTED PIG. Price per lb. at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metal.* Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. | Cts. Cts Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Janae ove aa opens s 04— 044 04 -043 34 03 -033 024-03 033-03: February caw eebey SALLE RS 04 -044 | 04 -04} 34 03 -034 024-03 03 3 Marehoyac jes scarce oS RE 034-04 033-04 034-034 03 -03} Hamel 03%-034 AMprilisn is usintacavin se he Owsk 034-04 033-04 3h 023-03 024-03 033-034 DMs aa oc bud menke bem n aN 034-04 033-04 3h 024-03 024-03 034-03} JUNG srergcees set eave g.anaccarses é 04 -043 3% 3¢ eae 03 -034 | 033-034 A oe er rer 04 -044 33 032-03§ 024-02 03 -034 | 033-034 August..... 04 -04} 33 043-05 022-02 034-034 | 03%-03+ September.. 04 -044 38 044-05 023-024 034-033 033-034 October.... 04 -044 3y 034-04 023-025 34 | 033-034 November. . 04 -044 oF 4 024-03 03%-034 | 03 -03} December........-. | 04 -044 3¢ 34 024-03 032-034 | 033-034 AVEPERG cai os Vawss as +0425 | +0409 +0380 + 0380 +0293 +0281 +0340 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. Cts. January’ os spose decks s oo% 034-034 04 -04: 04 043-05 043-05 033-034 034 February......--eeeeeeeee 034-034 4-0: 044 044-05 042-05 034-034 034 Marius siccauenceus oe se 034-033 ' 044-044 044 042-05 044-05 034-03¢ 034 Aqualisa ct Sanlie Rowapees we 034-034 04 054-054 043-05 034-03¢ 034 Ch eee eee a 033-034 044-044 044-044 05 -05}4 044-044 034-03¢ 034 DUNC 8 sieis fee seaweed eem ee mace 033-034 034-04 044-044 05 -—054 044-044 034-03% 034 Did iy rewiscicns astern pose 03§-034 | 04 -044 | 044-044 | 05 -05} 044-044 034-032 034 AURUSt.. ac re iesos seas 4. 034-038 04 -044 044-044 05 -05} 044-044 034-03¢ 034 Septemberie cucscs aw ccccass 034-033 04 -044 044-043 | 05 -054 044-044 034 034 October...... ..| O04 -04¢ 04 -04} 044-044 05 -05+ 04 -044 034 034 November. . 04 —04¢ O4 042-05 5 —054 04 -044 034 03% December....... 04 -04¢ 04 043-05 047-05 04 -044 034 0335 AVETERC ee vcuea save +0359 | +0409 +0445 +0508 +0448 +0356 +0347 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. | Cts Cts Cts. Cts Cts Cts JaANUALY ccd sc sess ke Anes 034 03% n4¢ 052 044 032 February........002 cee eee 03% 3% 04¢ 05 03: Ma relives iereroe SHSIA STV.LAW IIITA— 6061-0681 “VAVNV)D ‘SHOIUd WIVSHTIOHM 128. 129. 130. 1381. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 136. TABLES. IX.—FU£L AND LIGHTING. Coal: Bituminous, run of mines, N.S. Coal: Pennsylvania anthracite, egg size. Coal: Bituminous, average all grades, clean, Vancouver Id. Coke: Connellsville, furnace. Coal: Bituminous, Crow’s Nest Pass, B.C. Coke: Crow’s Nest Pass, burned 72 hours. Coal oil: Canadian, water white. Coal oil: American, watr white. Calcium carbide. Matches: Eddy’s Telegraph. 191 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR t 192 saruvduiod Alauyel IBsNS pue 040d ‘SABAMTEI SB TONS ‘sIaUINSUOD osIeT ‘sootid Jam | 4¥ ATddns maqy uLMoes ‘1p “DO}IBI aq OJ JOURYSIP 9} WO paseq solid B 4B JIBYA UO] 99BIVO IOJ FUIAVA J9UINSUOd 9 J, x z09-8 |t69-¢ |czt-e letz-e jesz-e |otg-2 (sag-e [oT¢-e |soF-s |oz0-e |TI8-z l118-2 |IP8-% [s28-a |SPS-s |8P8-c |Z96-z \z96-Z |z96-z |z96-z |" ete aderoay oe |sselo.e|see]eee|z¢e]6ze|z¢6]62e]oee| 62] 6¢)| 76] 08 |Gc0 € | el stEelere| eel ee fo qoqurese(T ees |ooelere|care|erel|see| use) see] zee) ere | as| eee) e2ol 22%] 2c) s9cl}sscl;ssej/ssa|asajoc TaquIeAON seelooelerelare|ete! see | ase) see] ase|are) aa! ealee| 222) 222|s9e}sselese)ssa]ssajou 1aq0190 se)ooel|erel|earel|eg|see|szsel]see] zee} ere|eacl ee! c2c| 20) 2e;)s9e/ese)asal}sse}osefo *raquiaydag seelooelerel care |ee|ses|zse|see]sagel}ere|aeleo] 32s) 225) 220/89] esejascl}sse}ssafouc qsnany eel|ooglere|zreleare|/see/zse|see} zee] ere} csc] ee] zc) ae) 2c] sozi|eszissajssaleg apo Arne eeejooel ere] ere | satel seeizselscec|uge] ere} eze)] acy; e2e)| 2e/ 222] s9e)esalose|osa)osapo unr sre |ooe|ere |] ste} are| see we | ses welsteles|ee|ese|2e| see) socl|sselsscissaigsa lc “ARK ssejozelsegjsee | zee, 622] ze; 62¢|o¢e]2z| 2) rs] soe] 808) re] ete) sel] ete; sel are foc judy sselozelsseiseel zee] ez¢|sz¢eleze¢)oeg| ree] 72/60] 08] soe] S| ste | ste] ste); ete; are joc yore yy sse¢|/oze}seeg| see szee]eze| zee] 6ze]oee|s2a|tec| tec] e0e | e0e) Ss) ate | ete] ste | ete; ae po Areniqed sselozs|see| see! use| ese] zee) ce | ore | ez] tee] rs] coe | coe) ws) cre) cre |e | eel sep Arenuep ‘spo g |'s10 $ [so § [S19 g re $ [819 ¢ [890 g [S10 g ;s10 g |*s10 g |*s70 g |-s}0 g |'s}9 g |-sq0 g |s19 g J's}0 g I's}0 g | s}o g ['s}O g I's]o g ‘6061 | “SO6T | *206T | ‘9061 | "GO6T | “FOBT | “EOGT | ZOBT | “TOGT | “OOBT | “66ST | “S68T | “LEST | ‘96ST | “S6ST | “FEST | “eost | “ZEST | “TEST | “O68T | “yyUOT | ‘one ‘[Teor}WOPL Je JopBsoToyA adav, Aq payddns suonejohb ‘qyuour qora jo Aep yoIeUL ysay oY} WO “[eoTMOP ye JreYM WO ‘sq] QNO'S JO U0} Jou gad aad x SHANIW JO Noe *‘SOONIWOLIA :TVOO “ONLLHDIT ONY TAOA “XI-606T-0681 “VOVNYD ‘SHOTYd ATVSHTIOHM “SSI ‘ON S@IGVL ‘6061-0681 ‘SHOING AIVSHTOHM “VdYNYO ‘Hoodv] 40 INGWLUVdEg 193 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 O19 S}IOBIQIUS YS[oA VOY PUB ‘o}IOBIYJUL UBOLIOUTW JO *paznyysqns 4ua}xKe auIOS 0} 98v41OYS 0} onp ‘saotid 1aySty 4B P[OS SBAL [BOO aUIOS ‘EOGT ‘Tidy pue ‘Z06T,‘JaquIeAON Ueemjeq polled ay} Buring » €89-¢ looz-s [992-9 Jees-G Joz2-¢ 'sos-¢ THO-S |FEL-S [OPS-S [oBG-F long-p ST6 °F |Sh6-b |Sh6-F |SbG-b |886-h (822-9 |ShL-S |006-F igue- We ak ve asBIeAy OL ¢ | 08 S | 06 ¢ G | 06 ¢ ; 06 ¢ | OS F | OF 9 | VEG] 42g | 00 |] 00¢ | 00G | 010g | 00g | COG |] TEg |] 984] OTe | COG FUT “AOC UTSOOCT OL ¢ | 08 ¢ | 06S /08¢]08¢!08¢]08¢]|0¢9 | 98¢] 22¢]00¢]00¢]00¢!00¢]00¢] 00g] 1¢¢]9¢¢]06F |] OB F, UT TaC{MIaAON OL ¢ | 08 ¢ | 06 F | O4G | OS F | OS S| OS S| OF 9 | 98g] 00g] 00¢]00¢]00¢]00¢] 00¢ | 00g] I¢ ¢ |] 9¢¢ | 06 F.! 06 FI tt taqoq09 OL ¢ | 08 ¢ | 06g | OLS] 08S] 08s} 02g) 099 | 9¢¢!00¢); 00¢]00¢]00¢!00¢]00¢,00¢]1¢¢]9¢¢] 06 F)| OF] Jequie}deag 09 $109 ¢ |] 024) 029] 0L¢ | OL] 09¢ |] 0¢¢}60¢ | 00¢);00¢]00¢) 006] 006] 00¢]/o00¢]te¢]et¢] oF! OBR] “qendny 09 | 09¢)/0L¢ |) OSG | uL¢g] 029) 09¢]09¢ | 60g] s.r] s2r] sz] ser] ser] sze]szrl] tes} erg|ozFl] oor; “Ane 09 ¢ | 09 ¢/ 09 ¢ | 0S ¢ | OF g | OF S| 0g ¢]/ seg] 609) SL] S82F] S2F | S82] S2F| Sze] s.r) erclesr, oz] OLR] a 09 ¢ | 09 ¢ | 0S ¢ | OF $ | OS ¢] Oss) O¢¢] 00g} 609] s2F| 82] 2b] 82h] SLF| SA] 82] Hr] ost] OL Plos Tle ACW 09 ¢ | 06 ¢!} 08g | 06¢G i 06S | 009) OF 9] 98¢] 22g | 00¢]00¢100¢] 00g] v0¢]00¢]et¢]9e¢] org] 009] OF] CC THdy 08 ¢ | 06 ¢ | 08 F | 06 F | 06 ¢ ' 009] OF 9 | 96g] 28¢]00E)]00¢]00¢]00¢]00¢! 00g) stg} 9e¢/0r¢] 00g] oF] “Wore 08 ¢ | 06 ¢ | 08 $ | 06 F | 06 S| 009; OF 9 | 98g] 22 ¢g)| 00¢{] 00¢/] 00g ,00¢] 00g] 00g] et¢g]oe¢] org] 00¢),06F] oC Arenigaq 08 ¢ | 06 ¢ | 08 $ | 06s | 06 ¢ | 009] 06 9 | 9¢¢ | 229; 00¢] 00¢ | 00¢] 00 ¢ | 00 £1009] ST ¢ | 96¢ | 008) 00 ¢ | 06 Pot tet ee ete Arenuee “89 $ |°899 $F |°890 F ['s}o F |'810 $F ["s}9 F |'s}9 F |'s1o ¢ SP $ ys F |S F [spo F "839 $ |'s}9 g ]'s}0 g |'s}0 g |"s}0 g |"870 g |'s70 g [s}0 g “GO6T | “SO6T | “LOGI | ‘906T | “SO6T | “FO6T |" SOGT+|*ZOGTx| “LOGI | ‘OOGT | “66ST | “S68T | 2681 | ‘9G8T | “S68T | ‘FEST | “E68T “G68T | “1681 | ‘O68T “yyUOW ‘and ‘TworjUOT[ Jo Japvap spesapoym asre, Aq patfddns suoyeyonb ‘AZIS DDA “ALIOVHHINV :TVOO ‘yuour yore jo Aep yoyTeUL ys1y ay} UO ‘on’ ‘[earyo ur sioyvap 0} ‘pouaasos ‘paved “xa “sqy QOO'S JO UO} Jou s0d aog “panuyjue O— ONTELHOTT AGNV THO “XI—6061-0681 “VAVNVO ‘SHOIYd WIVSHIOHM ‘ZI ‘ON S1SV], ‘6061-068 ‘SHIN AIVETIOHM “VGYNVO ‘Hposvy] fo LNGWLuvaag 13 13722 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 194 vee | awe | sae bon x | ter | cio | tag [pe tersfoeeen fe veemsl ovec ts leesce foicney seven) onan danaarey ease de] cae peal deress| reno dfeannmensneys ag w rae | gee | ao & | ome | tre | wag [neers fementefe eens [ececefans se cfetirmsaleciaealssnceslminesina| siti |ssecamln anny] dinien|eaebshens avi soaeaeaees eae | ae 81 te 8 10 & | wee | ere | TO w [ers feeeeee| ene enofownnes lpeoa ace snten elses onal emsaee] eemens lose saetaiaa da aene lead sits ane dene uma son | ose | eee] 68 clea e | ere | 50g [ieee [tere celeste ronefeni wealeensieleceers|connealousnns|soienre| erent leae sas| sedan |eonwnas aa vce en won (eee | gee tee | wore | ae | aa g [teceenersas el enews eu cenltiends| canine ald cere] cassia] avin emma genniualieny nls eubs slide iatensacine squats oo a | tee} cee! cog | oraz| coe | 06 gece dereeeeeeeett ederaaerseefiaeneelsccensltereeafereeedeaners|eeeeedfersses emnaealereenrroreynenss asaivent welagel ee cag | ora | seal go e | rcees|reersereesbeectee|meeeee| snes ee[eesees]sseemaleeserslectensfeasens|eresen[ensees/acneverenstnng es ones aati cos lors| ape | og2| 908 | wal peg pete etee ef erence efeeenecfeneeeefesenraeeeerdeneaseleesenadssereelenrseeleereeerereesee cess aang cae leg ¢|7a@| ge oe ¢. saz | gag [ereese[reree[eeteteereeesfeveenafecrsenfaceesslenstenereenefennees|eeaens|saenee|ias eaefewens ia en snin au enae cere coe wo | 99 2 | se) tae | Gee | ae g [rere |rner[esene feo eta lee nsfes ee efe none pernutalensnns| anne el tinenns [eee neta ane/aearencnainer ee sen vais eoe|azel see | soe | eee] 962) tes [ere fcceeefteteeelettte feet eeepereeeefereeefettteeleceeeafeeeeetfectee|eeteefeeeesfeertrterrreeee tes sear peelesel see | 262 | 9028100 | tag freee eeferteeefeeeeeperteefereee eyes ee efereeeefe ee teefereeeeeeeenafeeceeaeceee[ teeter tneeeees deraceiig opel iselsee! sos | seg) soe| aoc fect [cer fee efeeetefeeteeefeerectleeeee eens ee efeeeere[eeeeefeeeeee[eceeeeleseeeeee rere ees epee ‘jo g¢ |-qo g Isqo g [-s90 g [530 g |-s70 g [970 g J"s90 g |-s19 g [S10 F |"s}0 g |"s}0 g |*s}0 g |‘s}9 g |‘sI0 g |-s}O g |"s}9 | |"s}0 F /"sIO g |'s}0 F “gost | goet | -z06t | 906t | ‘gost | ‘Fost | gost | -zost | ‘tost | ‘oost | ‘cest | ‘gest | ‘26st | ‘96st | “s6sT | “FEST | ‘e68T | ‘ZoST | “TEST | ‘OGST “yquoyy ‘yg ‘oureueyy ‘Aueduroy jong uda}soqa OMT, 4q poystainy suoryejonb ‘qyuou owe jo, Aep yyrTeUL JsIG wo “oq, oureue NI ‘soutur ye “q'o'y uo, tod vo1g “IvOO NV@IO—SAACVED TIV ADVUAAV ‘SQONIWNALIA :TVOO “penuyuog—ONILHDIT ANV Tana “XI—'6061-0681 “VAVNV) ‘S€0Iud AIVSHTIOHM ‘O€T “ON AIGV, ‘6061-0681 ‘SHON ATVSTTIOHM ‘VGVNVQO ‘WO0dvV] 40 LNAWLY Vda] WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 195 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA, WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; "Tasie No. 131. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—IX. FUEL AND LIGHTING—Continued. COKE: CONNELLSVILLE, FURNACE. Price per ton of 2,000 lbs. at the ovens, on the first market day of each month; quo- tations from the U.S. Geological Survey and the Iron Age as cited by the U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce and Labour. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 3 ets. 3 cts. $3 cts. $3 cts. 3 cts. 1 75 1 1 90 1 90 0 95-1 00 1 00 1 75-2 00 1 75 1 90 1 90 1 90 0 75 1 00 1 75-2 00 215 1 90 1 90 1 90 1 00 1 00 1 75-2 00 215 1 90 1 90 1 70 0 92 1 35 1 75-2 00 215 1 90 1 80 1 60 0 92 1 35 1 75-2 00 2 15 1 90 1 80 1 50 1 00 1 35 1 75-2 00 215 1 90 1 75 1 45 1 00 1 35 1 75-2 00 215 1 90 1 75 1 25 1 15-2 00 1 35 1 75-2 00 215 1 85 1 75 1 20 1 30-1 40 1 35 1 75-2 00 215 1 85 1 75 1 20 1 00 1 60 1 75-2 00 215 1 80 1 75 110 1 01 1 60 1 75-2 00 215 1 80 1 75 1 05 1 00 1 60 1 75-2 00 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. $ cts $ cts $ cts. $ ets. 3 cts. 1 60 2 75-3 50} 1 75-2 00 2 25 4 00 1 60 2 75-3 50) 1 75-2 00 2 25 4 00 1 60-1 75) 3 25-4 25) 1 75-2 00 2 25 4 00 1 75 3 25-4 25) 1 80-2 00) 2 25-2 50 75-4 00 1 75-2 15| 3 00-3 25) 1 80-2 00) 2 25 0 2 15-2 25) 2 50-3 00) 1 80-2 00 2 25 2 75-3 00 2 15-2 25] 2 00-2 50, 1 90-2 00 2 25 2 25-2 50 2 1 90-2 00 2 25 2 25 2 50-2 75 2 00 1 90-2 00 3 00 2 00-2 25 2 50-2 75 2 00 2 00-2 25 4 00 2 00-2 25 2 60-3 00 2 00 2 00-2 25 2 00-3 50! 1 75-2 00 2 65-3 00) 1 75-2 00, 2 00-2 25| 3 75-4 00) 1 50-1 65 2-1854 2-6458 | 1-9625 | 2-6875 2-9125 { Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $ cts. | $ cts 3 cts $ cts $ cts. $ cts | 1 65-1 75| 2 10-2 25] 2 75 3 50-3 60) 2 00-2 25) 1 95 1 60-1 65 2 75-3 00' 2 10-2 20] 3 50-3 65| 1 70-1 75) 1 62% 1 60-1 65 50 | 2 20-2 30] 3 25 1 80-1 85) 1 674 1 65 225 , 2 30-2 40) 2 75-2 85| 1 60 1 724 1 50-1 60} 1 90 2 65-2 75| 2 75-2 85| 1 50-1 60) 1 624 1 50-1 65} 190 | 2 30-2 35| 2 00-2 65| 1 50-1 75| 1 574 1 40-1 45] 1 75 2 40-2 50| 2 40-2 60/ 1 60 1 674 ) 1 45-1 50; 1 80-1 -85|- 2 75 2 60-2 65] 1 50-1 75) 1 70 j 150 | 190-200] 285 2 75-2 80| 1 50 2 00 1 45-1 50, 2 35-2 60] 2 85 2 90-3 00} 1.50 2 85 1 75-1 85] 2 90-3 00| 3 00-3 25] 2 75 1 65-2 00} 2 824 2 15-2 35 2 90 3 50-3 60} 2 00 1 85-2 15! 2 80 13722134 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 196 808° [SSI setT-efa10-¢ [tee [ee oge-1 jees-t [psz-t |ezos-tltas-t [offer fect fee fee efor] fener es asviaAy sie sees ke eae (oa ae eae et are ea ed oe ec een) ad ean aiesue eezlarz|srs|eoclsst| z6t| ser) est} ast | set jest po ff fff eb pf ee = s0quTOAON ‘e¢ | ete | sue |emast 002 beet | oer | cox oe 1) Ge £ | eee Peeeee letters ete fence fic peeafe ease eewens [gens] cee eal veiannaey widen reqo10g tee Wore: | ore eae hia ee) Gee: (seed eae ae Bots | eee cag | es oe a aks ale amet vee eal escalate | 2 Goal aeaee nal a neal iecet saquraydag ee Were ei el Zo ee ie v1) S6eu. | seen tect host | gece lee pil eeeteetne ss efeeres eae sil bonsia eaeoc edad euclghale al ket eave el njectaig wen vaenhs 4.8 qsnany ape ime | tee | 208 (86-0) eet) Bee heé e | weet ee eh eet [eerie oer] ne ewes eee eee bo] ainda [ag eeacelioa aes] peed vas tale anc smee Aine soe 20 Z| Se) oe 4h se 1 ore. eet | Gee | TTT HSE fone eres eee] eee ne esas [cas Aeleereeel Sues es| ea eoultewcsil Caqaeese uid aaeeay eune 02h OF Ee | eOoE | t0e | ae Tl ere: Loe ae See Sect: | eee pe ae fos ree |e es se be eee [ee edie a: fens Gd cache sa Moos fauas bee eeeaaces + Key Sb Wee ete Bose sectal Sea ge [eee |p tl Spee ho & ete dene cll hoe ne A vores eg acids) meal ten alfadil dell dees sana Si Grm AM dere id HOE | EES Pao Se ET MOG | BB | aS ea | ae certs eae ae ea ates hee eee | aia «pea eel neha al wosose all Said a Lede deal Serna en a ance yoreyy 6 lieteal Gree eee Ror ell Tere. 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TABLES. X—BUILDING MATERIALS. A.—Lumber. Pine, all grades. Pine, good sidings, 1 x 7 inches and up. Pine, No. 1 cuts and better, 1 inch. Pine, shipping culls, sidings, medium grades. Pine, box boards. Pine singles, clear butt. Lath No. 1, white pine, 13-inch. Hemlock. New Brunswick merchantable spruce deals. New Brunswick Cedar shingles, ‘extra’ and ‘clear’ brands. Birch, No. 1, common and better, 1 inch. Maple soft, common and better. Oak, red, plain, firsts and seconds, 1 inch. B.—MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIALS. 151. 152. 153. 154, 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174, - 175, 176. 177, Bricks, building, first quality. Bricks, fire. Cement, Canadian Portland. Hinges, heavy. Lime, high calcite, 95-97 per cent. Nails, cut. Nails, wire. Pitch, roofing. Sash weights. Soil pipe, medium, 4-in. Tar, crude coal. Wire cloth, painted screen. Wire fencing, galvanized barb. O.—PAINTS, OILS AND GLASS. Benzine, Canadian. Glue: Domestic, broken sheet. Linseed oil, raw. Linseed oil, boiled... Paris green, English and Canadian. Prepared paints, Ist quality, pure. Putty, in bladders. Rosin, white. Shellac, pure orange, in barrels. Turpentine. Varnish, No. 1 furniture, in barrels. Venetian red, dry colour. White lead, pure, ground in oil, ‘ Association guarantee.’ Window glass: ‘Star,’ under 26 inches, (first break). 203 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 204 0g 02 | 0¢ 02 ‘syo § |'s}o § ~ g |i g |si0 g [so g [so g |s1o g [so g “sia g [so g fs g [so g [so g [so g Tso g |sqo g | g [so g [sp g OS TZ | OF SE | OF ZT | OO ZT {| OO ZT | OF OT | OS OT | O¢ 9T | OO ST | OO ZT | OF ZT | OO ZT | OO ZI | OO ZT | OG ZT 00 oT 00 éL 00 br a | *606T “SO6T “LO6T | “QO6T “GO6T “PO6T “€06T “GOGT | “TO6T “O06T “6681 "S68T “L681 “O68T “C68T “P68T “S68T ‘C68T =“ T68T “O63T “ATTRA BMRYO ay} Jo saredur0o Sutraqtuny aie] Aq sapead [[® JO sjno yenuuy [e}0} 10} poute}qo yoo} [AL sod aatad aBRIaay ‘SadVUD TIV ‘HAaWAT ANId “MAGINAT (”) ‘STVIUALVN DNIGTING— 6061-0681 “VOYNVO ‘SHOId WIVSHTIOHM “"SETON 2IAV], ‘6061-0681 ‘SHOU ATVSAIOH AL ‘VQVNV9 ‘HNOsW] JO LNGWLavddqd ‘ 205 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 0% EF oF Sb |SL°1IF |99-OF |9T Zh |99-0F lez-ee | ¢-98 ES9E |8O-FE |GL°SE |SS-ZE |LE-ZE |16-°sE 98 98 |eT-2e | GLE} GL | aaBIIAy QP-ZP |FF—-OF |FE-OF |FP-OF |ZP-OF ZP-6E Gb-0F |S8-98 zP-1e |zb-Te |se-ee |oe-Te LE-GS |GE-6S |GE-OE |OF-ZE |OP-GE |OF-GE |OP-GE |OF-GE J qaqura9eqd QF-CF |FE-OF |FF-OF |FF-OF |ZF-OF |2b-GE |Sh-OF |SE-VE TP-1E |ZP-1& loP-ZE |9e-6z |Ze-6z |Se-6z |Gs-O€ |oP-zE |oP—-ze op-cE ;oP-Ge loP—GE | Taq UIAO NT QP-GP |F¥-OP |FF-OF |FF-OF /ZF-OF |St—-OF |Sh-OF |OF-FE |ZF-1E |ZF-IE |OF-ZE |9E-GS |Le-6% |Ge-6s |Ge-0E |OF-ZE |OF-ZE jOF-ZE |OP—GE jOP—GE J “19q0WO, 9F-Zb |FE-OF |Fb-OF |FF-OF |ZF-OF 'Gb-OF |Gb-OF PEt /Sb-IE \ZF-TE |9E-1E |9E-6Z |SE-6Z |GE-OF |S¢E-OF |OF-ZE |Ob-ZE |OF-GE |OP-GE |OF-GE J Taquieydag QF-GP |FP—-OF JFF-OF |PP-OF |Zt-GE |St-OF |St-OF PET |SP-1E |GP-TE |9E-1E |98-6E /S8-6@ |SE-OF |SE-0E JOF-GE /OF—GE [OP-GE [OF-GE lOP-GE qsnsny QF-ZF |FE-OF |FF-OF |FF-OF |Zb-GE |SF-OF |St—-0F FE+ st-1e |OF-zE |ge-1e |9e-6z \Se-Gz |se-0E |Se-0E |oF-ze ob-ce |oF—Se OF-SE jOR—SE | Aine QE-GE |PP-OF |PP-OF |FF-OF |ZF-GE |SF-OF |St-OF PEt |SE-IE JEP-GE |OE-IE \LE-GS |SE-6Z |SE-OE |Ge-OE |OF-ZE 'OF-ZE JOF-GE |OF-GE |OF-GE |e aun PE-OF |FP-OP |FP-OF |FF-OF |2b-6E |GP-OF |Gt—-OF PEt |SE-IE /EF-GE |OE-1E |LE-GS |GE-6Z |GE—-OF |LE-O€ 'OF-ZE |OF-ZE |OP-GE |OF-GE [OF-—GE | Av E-OF |FP-OP |PE-OF |FE-OF |GF-6E |SP—-OF |8e-9E Et |SF-IE |EF-GE |OE-1E |LE-GS |GE-6GS |Se-O€E |ZE-0E [OF-ZE |OF-ZE |OF-GE |OF-GE OF—GE | Indy bP-OF |FP-OF |FP-OF |Sb-OF ZP-6E |SF-OF |SE-9E retlep-te |se-ce loe-te 22-62 GE-6G |SE-08 |LE-0E |OF-ZE |OF-ZE |OF-SE |OF-SE \OF-GE “Youre bP-OF |FP-OF |FF-OF |SF-OF |ZF-GE |GP-OF 'SE-OE |SF-1E |GP-TE /8e-Es j9E-TE |2e-6e |Ge-6z |¢e-OE |ZE-0E |OF-ZE |OF-ZE |OF—GE |OF-SE jOP-GE | Aren.igay bE-OF |FP-OP |FF-OF |ZF-OF |ZF-GE |SP-OF |SE-OE |ZF-1E |@h-Te Se-Es |9E-TE |4e-6Z |GE-6z |Se-0E 28-08 |OF-zE |OF-ZE OF-SE jOP-SE jOP—GE | “Arenuer $ 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ | “6O6T | “8061 | “LOGI | “906 | "SOGT | ‘FOGT | “SO6T | “ZOGT | “LOGT | ‘OO6T | “6G8T | “S68T | “268T | “968T | ‘SG8T | “PEST | “E68T | “C68T | “T68T | “O68T “Gy ao ‘UDULLAQUN'T DpHUDY ay J, WOIT SUO|eIONb ‘yyUOUL Yova Jo Aep JoyreU ysIy ay} UO “UC ‘eMeYC Ye oj J sed Sou ‘dQ GNV SHHONI 1X [ ‘SONIGIS GOOD “ANId ‘panuyuoon—-WAANNT () ‘SIVINALVA DNIGTING “X—606I-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIYd WIVSATOHM ‘GRLON HIAVY, 76061-0681 ‘SH0IUd AIvsaIOHM ‘VAaVNVO ‘UNOdW] JO INAWLUVas(, 91F-€F|€80-9F| 00-09/E80 -0/999 -SF/91F-9F| 00 -SF/SZ8-FE| 00-E8) 00-EE] 0O-Ee] 00-E8) 0O-EE/9ZI-FE| OG -FE og-¥8) 0¢-F8] 0G-ZE)G29-Te]Ees-0g)"*"*” ‘wy oBTIOAY! 8F-FF| FF-OF| IS-6F| IS-6F| I9-GF] 9F-FH| OS-FF| oP-9e| PE-zE| FE-ZE] FE-Ze| Fe-Ze] Pe-ve] Pe-sE| 9e-Ee] 9e-es) 9e-es] ee-ze] Se-se] Ze-Os| “Foyt 999 84-¥P| FF-0F| TS-6F| TS-6F| Zg-0S] SF-FF) OS-FF] BF-—9E| FE-zE| FE-ZE| FE-ze| PE-ze! 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OF Arenue eS $ $ $ $ g $ $ ei; $s $ g $ $ $ $ $ $ $ g $ Q "GO6T | SOG | “Z06T | “906T | “SO6T | “FOBT | “EOBT | “ZOGE | “TO6T | “OOBT | “eest | “86ST | “26ST | ‘SRT | ‘OST | “FEST | “OST | “ZOST | “TEST “06ST “pUOW ‘UDULLIQUN'T DpDUDD 24, Wor suoTyejonb ‘yuo yore Jo Aep yoxIeUT ysIY oy] UO “JU ‘oyUOIOT, ye Joo} J sod oo1g 206 ‘HONI [ ‘UMdIGa AGNV SLNO [ ‘ON “ANId ‘panuryuog—WAAINOAT (%) ‘STIVINALVI DNICGTIA “X— 6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIMd ATVSATIOHM ‘OPT‘ON ATAV IT, ‘6061-0681 ‘S401Ng ATVSAIOHM “VaYNVQ ‘HNOUuV] dO INGWLUVdEd WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 207 9170-92| 0¢-ez(eze-ee|t6z-12| eate-st) ¢z-st joo sz-21|se6-e1| 9t | ezoe-er| oze-at |goz-or/eat-et| Ft jeso-r1] gt | st s96-pT| gt | et | -eBeray 82-88 | 82-2] 82-Gz) gz-Ez|0Z-00 8T\0z-0g 91|0z-—0g 91] 2I-SI] 2T-ST|O0 ZI-ST|og gT-eT| eT-IT] ET-OT] SI-ET) GI-ET) 9I-FI| 9T-FT OT-PT| 9T-FT] TFT) tequiac9q 82-Sz_| 8%-Sz] 82-22] Gz-ez|0Z-0G 9T|Oz-OF 9T)0Z-0G 9T| ZT-ST| LI-ST'00 ZI-G1,00 FI-T1| OT-6 | T-OT] ST-ET| ST-ET] 9T-FT] 9I-FE 9T-HT] 9T-FT| 9T-PT|* “xoqueaon 9Z-€% | 8%-Gzl 8z-3z] SZ-Ez|0Z-0F 9T|OZ-0G 9T\OZ-OS 91] ZT-GT, ZT-ST|OO LT-S1/00 FI-TT| O1-6 | eT-OT| ST-ET] GT-ET] 9I-FT] 9I-FI 9T-FT) 9T-FT| 9T-FT]"****42q0700 9z-&% | 8%-Gz| 82-82] $2-GT|0z-0F 9T\oz-0s gTloz-0g 91] ZT-ST| 2T-ST|O0 OZ-ST|0O ET-1T| OT-G | FI-ZI] ST-eI] GT-eT] 9T-FI] 9I-FI OT-FT) 9T-FI! OT-FT| -zequades 9z-2e | ee-sz! sc-ez| ¥e-6t|0z-0¢ otloz-oe otloz-o0 91) 21-et| zt-et|o0 st-st/oo er-r1| or-6 | st-2t| st-et| eter] 9t-s1| 9t-Fr 9t-oT] ot-Pt! or—p1ls + qsngny 92-28 | 88-94] 8Z-Sz| ¥B-GT|0Z-0G 9T/OB-0F 9T|OZ-00 9T; AT-ST| L2T-ST/OO ST-ST/00 ET-11] OT-G | FI-ZI| SI-E1) GI-e1] QI-FI| 9I-PT) 9T-FI] OT-FT] 9T-FT) “AIOE 92-2%_| 88-93] 8z-Sz| ¥Z-GT|0Z-0 9T/OZ-OF 9T/OZ-00 9T| LT-ST| 2T-ST/OO ST-T|0O ET-1T] T-OT] ST-ET) SI-ET] GT-eT] 9I-FT| 9T-PT, OT-FT) OT-FT! OT-FT] "+ "oun 9%-BZ_| 8B-9B! _8B-Sz] OZ-8T]OZ-0G 9T|Os-OF 9T\ZT-00 ST} 9T-ST| ZT-ST]OO 9T-ET|0O EI-1T| I-OT| ST-ET| ST-E1]) GT-eT{ 9T-HT) 9T-FI| OT-FT] OT-FT| OT-PT] “Ae 82-ZZ_ | 8V-2| 8z-Lz] FZ-GT/0Z-0F 9T\OZ-OF 9T|ZT-00 GT! ZT-ST) LT-GT|0O 9T-EI|OO ST-IT) ET-OT| ST-I] GT-ET] ST-ET| OI-FT) OT-FI, OT-FT] 9T-FT) OTF! “Indy 82-@B | 8B-GZ| 9Z-€z| OZ-BI|0Z-OF 9T/0Z-OS 9T|ZT-00 ST] LT-ST, ZT-ST|0G GT-ET]0O ET-IT| T-OT| ST-ET| ST-eT] ST-ET] 9I-FI] 9T-FT) 9I-FT) 9T-FI) OT-HT) °° UOTE 8z-%@ | $2-Sz| sz~-£z] O-8t/oz-os 9t|0z-0g 91|Z1-00 eT] z1-ST| 21-St|Os ST-E1/00 EI-T1) ET-OT| ST-eT) ST-ET) ET-ET) OT-FT] 9T-FT) OT-FI| OT-PT] 9T-FI]** “Arensqeg 82-%% | 82-92] Sz-€2| 0B-SI|OZ-0 9T\OS-OF 9T|OO-ZT ST) ZT-ST| LT-ST/OG SI-ET|OO ET-TT] eT-OT] ST-I| GT-e1) 9I-FT| OT-FT) 9T-¥I| OT-HT, OT-FT| OT-PT)"**Arenaue og] 8 s | s | sos|-mog ; mel ¢ g |so g | ¢ $ $ $ 8 g $ $ $ | $s “G06T | “SO6T | “Z06T | 906T | “SOGT | “FOBT | “EO6T | “ZOGT | “1O6T | “OOGT | “86ST ‘gest | “zest | ‘968T | ‘gest | “vest | ‘eost | ‘zest | ‘test | ‘osst | “wow ‘UDULLAQUNT DPOHUDY) IY, J, WOIt suonejonb ‘SDNIGIS ‘STTOO ONIddIHS ‘ANId ‘qyuour yors jo Aep JoyTeU ysay oy} UO “JUG “eMVIO Je Joo} JL Jod ao1g sponuyuon—YAAWOT (») ‘SIVIMALVN DNIGTING “X—6061-068T “VAVNVO ‘SAOIUd WIVSHIOHM ‘TPLON Gav, 6061-0681 ‘SH0INg AIVSaTOHM *VaVNVO ‘HQOaV] JO LINGWLUvasq é DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 208 0$ LL/G% T2|Es01% vest g2e-et'| oz et | ez et log pr-et'o¢ pI-etlet-oT 0g 01-8 01-08 slet-og t1lo¢ et-o¢ t1/st-o¢ zrlet-og ztlet-o¢ zt|st-zt|g1-e1\¢t-zt| eesoay | er-st|ie-orfe-orloe-arjoo ar-sufon vr-aon wr|n|oess sos |eeeeees feces ssssyeeeneealeceeecedfeesssceescssseaficestssbisateeectedicrsabicne ne ee gl esi lace eral eae at sca tiga hag oa es neal ieee adalat meats demesea Ure tee tase Sinead nau home: sata aceon owen ne lees salons ‘nen hel ah eects eh cee ees lode nal casei lce-o> psu nce pa nota RSE dp ERA ial EG hallnclsnecl dade tiuaelonenerlanle oe Oe eee ln ee eee yaa his gicay cecal eo pal Seatac: pane he Speer ig wie ae oe apo ee oeaged | pedmned eeoen a haliey ee areca re rene el rncneeeene | ema ener eee: > yarn: emer ener ela te ciln Paes BI-sT]e@-06)se-Oz et-H1 09 FI-et}og PI-ZE Og FIVE] fee fee cee teense bg alates lhdeeors eat hele leet Bolhteeiven Ite ate eo peren IB A ue 4 neeedlaeace elle) eames aoe +++ -oune si-ar}ee-0eles-c|et-r1 08 wI-etlog pr-er og FI-er| ee © Gees 98 lens lon WiSoe veaeva or nsatee an nies lbaeenb laaiegea pub wa etelin hala wal ienun eee cect ears stat apie eh tse me asa aes ea oat en Pel desler nara hee Wena AGILGe dea sermaasieeess oe cacteus [Mechastde beawvdealiveneel ealae tomes aoa sre |r gen lesa ema ace lp ete eapmee se makec dl macau Nae nls dao ba adseemacalacennoann oswopuall eoreweee late aacloddealbqdaleoece sai Sea | eee ae Sapte ci a See veo ena aes mon a aenor nausea ocelot iad menieed Madan Langnane rede anaes ee el ee lege Pagel accep Seb aed oe oly oo . ee ie | e| 3 | # 8 8 s $ 2 3 gS $ § $ 8 os 4 os a “6061|° 806T|* Z06T|"906T| “SO6T “FO6T “S061 “CO6T “TOGT | OOGT) “66ST | “S68T “L68T “968T “G68T ‘POST “S681 | S681} 1681] O68T| “TOW ‘UDULLAqUNT vpoUDny ay,f Wolf suoyejonb ‘yuo Yove Jo Atp oxLeUT Js ay] UO “JUG ‘BMENO 7 Joo} J aod aoug “‘Ssaduvod XOd ANId ‘panwyvwoj—-YRANAT () ‘SIVINALYN DNIGTIOM “X—606I-068T “VAVNVO ‘SA0MUd WIVSHTIOHM ‘SPLON HIAVL [6061-0681 ‘SH9INg WIVSA ION M ‘VaYNVO ‘HnOdv] JO INGWLE vag 209 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 SIE0-€ 00-€ 00-€ LEPS*Z 09° PSSF-G | SOSE-G | E806-T SLOT | $29+T "1 e8BIOAY x 4 OG E-GL ZGS E-GL BGS E-GL Sles E-czZ Z-OF 109 G-OF GOP Z-SG FOF S-ST 3\¢2 1-09 I\¢Z I-09 “7s equreseq, OF E-GL BGS E-GL BSS E-CL SIgz E-G2 Z-OF 3/09 G-OF Z|OF Z-SS Z/OF Z-GI 3/GL I-09 T/¢z T-09 “** daqUIGAON OG E-GL IGS E-GL ISS E-GL Bes E-cLZ Z-OF 3/09 G-OF SOF S-SS G00 S-GzZ 1/G2 I-09 Tlsz 1-09 Toe" *"19q079Q SB E-GL BSS E-GL TSS E-GL Bigs E-Sz SOF 3/09 C-OF Z|OF B-SZ F00 Z-S4L 1/92 I-09 T/¢z I-09 *Tequre}des SB E-GL GIGS E-GL ZISS E-GL Bigg E-GL SOF G09 S-OF GOW G-GZ ZOO S-GL TIGL 1-09 TIGZ T-O9 Tl pp tftp ters peet eres qsnany GB E-GL BSS Z-GL BSB E-GL Slee E-GL Z-OF G09 Z-OF ZIOF S-GS ZOO S-G2 T[G2 1-09 T]¢z I-09 Tt] | Ppp bf fer eter dee ‘Aor GS E-GL GSS E-GL ISG E-GL SIGs E-GL G-OF G09 S-OF BOF B-GS ZOO S-GL TIGL T-O9 Tp pepper tern per estes teeter eee ces ‘oune GG E-GL BSG S-GL SSS E-GL F100 e-0S Z-OF &|09 G-OF ZOF B-GS GOO Z-GL 1jGL I-09 T]"" “ABT GB E-GL Z|GS E-GL BSB E-SL Z\00 ¢-0¢ GOP 6 09 S-OP- SUP SSS G00 SG -EL TiS. TOG: Ties tein se te esses ps pia matinee ea Patars pg ee [steers bates eeoail ies a se Sie Indy SB E-GL BSS E-GL BSS E-SL ZlO9 Z—-OF GOP G09 G-OF SOF G-% ZOO S-GL T/GL I-09 Tb pert perefer estes cece epee cs seeds ese ses Youve S@ B-GL GIGS E-GL ZISB E-SL BI09 G-OF SOF 2/09 Z-OF GO B-GS SIGL 1-09 TIGL T-O9 TL py yp pepe peepee epee etee ester ees ALENIGAT SB E-GL BSS E-GL BSS €-SL Zilog Z-OF GOP GOP B-SS SOF S-S TIGL 1-09 TiGL T-O9 Tl ppp peepee peepee ete sete eee Avenue $ 8 $ 8 $ $ $ $ $ $ “6061 “S061 “L061 “9061 “GO6T “FO6T “S06T “GO6T “LOGIT “0061 “qyTONW “UDULLIQUNT DpoUDH 2Y,J Woy suoIyejonb ‘yJUOUT YoRe Jo Aep JoyAvUT ysIy, ay} Uo “WUC ‘VMRYO 7 J Jod aormg ‘HONI QT ‘LOG UVAIO ‘SHIDNIHS ANId : ‘panvwuyvog—PAAW OT (7) ‘SIVIUALVA DNIGTING “X—'6061-068T ‘VAVNVO ‘SaOIUd WIVSATOHM “ShL CON S1avL ‘6061-0681 ‘SHUG TIVSTTIONM ‘VaYNVQ ‘HOQOKWV] JO INGWIavatq 14 138722 210 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, Canapa. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909 ;TaBLE No 144, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—X. BUILDING MATERIALS: (a) LUMBER—Continued. LATH, No. 1 WHITE PINE, 12 INCH. Price per M at Ottawa, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from The Canada Lumberman. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894, 1895. 1896. 8 $ $ 8 $ $ . SODUATY skis ies erisivdleie’s actions 1 80-1 90) 1 80-1 90; 1 80-1 90) 1 60-1 90, 1 60-1 90) 1 40-1 75) 1f20-1750 PODPRBIY sink eect eaiee weed 1 80-1 90! 1 80-1 90] 1 80-1 90| 1 60-1 90) 1 60-1 90) 1 40-1 75) 1:20-1740 Manel sicscvicciese acareins nial acain 1 80-1 90] 1 80-1 90) 1 80-1 90) 1 60-1 90} 1 60-1 90° 1 40-1 75/ 1 00-1525 APT reas aweeeeya sees 1 80-1 90} 1 80-1 90) 1 80-1 90) 1 60-1 90) 1 60-1 90, 1 40-1.75; 1200-1/25 Mais cau teraadtveishs ote 1 80-1 90; 1 25-1 50} 1 80-1 90] 1 60-1 90) 1 60-1 90, 1 40-1 75) 1 00-1 25 PUG ake RPS SLE RRRE TS as 1 80-1 90} 1 25-1 50/ 1 80-1 90) 1 60-1 90) 1 60-1 90, 1 30-1 75) 1 00-1 25 OF es itaeh G4 Gwe IRS oot 1 80-1 90} 1 25-1 50} 1 80-1 90) 1 60-1 90} 1 60-1 90, 1 30-1 75) 1 00-1 35 ACUBUS bits casts Ksnsiaceinuca ka anece 1 80-1 90} 1 25-1 50) 1 80-1 90| 1 60-1 90 1 60-1 90, 1 30-1 75) 1 00-1 35 NEP teMbeM sien ewignerns verve ec 1 80-1 90, 1 25-1 50) 1 80-1 90 1 60-1 90] 1 60-1 90; 1 30-1 75) 1 00-1 35 OGtOD ER sieic si gie's arasaracta sla: Saners 1 80-1 90) 1 25-1 50} 1 60-1 90, 1 60-1 90; 1 60-1 90 1 30~1 75) 1 00-1 25 November................ 1 80-1 90} 1 25-1 50) 1 60-1 90) 1 60-1 90} 1 60-1 90) 1 20-1 50) 1 00-1 25 December................. 1 80-1 90} 1 25-1 50} 1 60-1 90) 1 60-1 90; 1 60-1 90) 1 20-1 50) 1 00-1 25 AVOFAEG, cexieceeen i 1.850 1.533 1.825 1.750 1.750 1.516 £1.170 2 Month. 1897, 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 8 8 s s 8 $ $. 0 90-1 25] O 90-1 20] 1 00-1 10} 2 50-3 00] 2 00-2 50] 2 25-2 75; 2 75-300 0 90-1 25; 0 90-1 20! 1 00-1 10) 3 00-3 25 275 2 25-2 75) 2 75-3:00 0 90-1 25) 0 90-1 20) 1 00-1 10| 3 00-3 25 2 75 3 00-3 25; 2 75-3,00 0 90-1 20; 0 90-1 20) 1 00-1 20) 3 00-3 25} 2 50-3 00, 3 00-3 25) 2 75-3:00 0 90-1 20; 0 90-1 20) 1 00-1 20) 3 00-3 25] 2 50-3 00} 3 00-3 25! 2 75-3/00 0 90-1 20) 0 90-1 20) 1 00-1 25) 3 00-3 25] 2 50-3 00| 3 00-3 25; 2 75-3, 0 90-1 20; 1 00-1 10} 1 00-1 25) 3 00-3 25] 2 50-3 00] 3 00-3 25) 2 75-3500 0 90-1 20 1 00-1 10; 1 00-1 25) 2 50-2 75] 2 50-3 00) 3 00-3 25) 2 75-300 0 90-1 20) 1 00-1 10} 1 00-1 25) 2 00-2 50] 2 25-2 75| 3 00-3 25) 2 75-3100 eistalajishaeea'g acne a et 0 90-1 20, 1 00-1 10) 1 35-1 50] 2 00-2 50] 2 25-2 75] 3 00-3 25) 2 75-3 00 November 0 90-1 20) 1 00-1 10) 1 35-1 50| 2 00-2 50] 2 25-2 75| 2 75-3 00] 2 75-3 00 December................. 0 90-1 20; 1 00-1 10) 2 00-2 50) 2 00-2 50] 2 25-2 75; 2 75-3 00) 2 75-3 00 AVRO 66 bic wes 1.056 1.050 1.245 2.760 2.6295 2.979 2.875 Month. 1904, 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. s 8 s 8 $ s January, 2 75-3 00, 2 40-2 60 3 50 4 00-4 50} 4 00-4 50! 3 00-3 50 February 2 50-2 75} 2 40-2 60 3 50 4 00-4 50) 4 00-4 50} 3 00-3 50 March 2 50-2 75| 2 40-2 60 3_50 4 00-4 50] 4 00-4 50} 3 00-3 50 April 2 50-2 75] 2 40-2 60] 4 25-4 75] 4 00-4 50] 4 00-4 50! 3 25-3 50 May ea scaiaoc3 4 deostegseetes vie dees 2 40-2 60) 2 40-2 60) 4 25-4 75] 4 00-4 50! 4 00-4 50] 3 25-3 50 June. 2 40-2 60/ 2 40-2 60; 4 00-4 50] 4 00-4 50 4 00-4 25] 3 25-3 50 July....seee cece cesses. | 2 40-2 60] 2 40-2 60) 4 00-4 50] 4 00-4 50 4 00-4 25} 3 25-3 50 POG 444 Ova omar Eeawes 2 40-2 60} 2 40-2 60} 4 00-4 50) 4 00-4 50 3 25-3 50] 2 75-3 00 September................ 2 40-2 60 2 50 4 00-4 50] 4 00-4 50 3 00-3 25) 3 25-3 .75 October.................../ 2 40-2 60 2 50 40 50) 4 00-4 50 2 75-3 00) 3 25-3 75 November................ 2 40-2 60 2-50 4 00-4 50) 4 00-4 50 2 75-3 00) 3 75-4 00 December.................) 2 40-2 60 2 75 4 00-4 50) 4 00-4 50 2 75-3 00) 3 75-4 00 AVOARES caw clang s | 2.562 2.520 4.104 4.250 3.718 3.406 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 211 GGT eet lOacey| anda make |) Pevallenseen lentes eavoa tea cate dan rillsa cia tinesa sl anabad eanaelsa says Weasgerdl madacpaswsapanasy esareaseoies td — SEB eseel eal sees aR a teal Snes lem od cen sa a calla lh gy pry eventos Le acubats (akc esate meats Saale altuna earaaideon waa erie aimee | ana ete: | siete eal Pence teak icp aune | voi aeeoal iva W alls ll mene socaeona tatoo en Teg aces geod ee wh [Marae al nea cide ee ence eee etm ae | | osebbee 5 eee even cha cv ennai ed cae relat setae ota bella ha escung lny stg sy esd ve gase @ Ba latsoee en anal @ oem eetostl seen Sa eames meee ey «page| I ssoeooi tends a ede apechae ipsa ta acura cc fobl aac ede dt mcen acl cee lee ela tall’ gtd ae ide ata acl ek cs sseimedieg Sie PT eS see- deiee is etait wae lee de easapsal ceeded ate oe nde tg da waa! ecan el plor ta ea |e ae ls el ca ea ml esa i a oe re st-et! ot-p1{ at | et st-e1] ot-pt! pt | et GI-et) 91-71} et | et st-e1| ot-p1] #1 | et gran] ot-ar] at | et [cee fercecfecreeefeeeefceeepereeefeeeeefeer seep effi eeepc deere p ese fierce ere E61) Green| eae | ee Meme omc | ae a Pe) aaa |e na ae cast ey eben ace feng Cd nsnee [inal enser’ | wisacadwn buds Huse hicdatana [canoer cl neers anateisnie ‘esenadeig {Het OLE Hl ieee Ie eee ee ER Sea ail he ei Coen ell dean dlinganctn | eeawndl eater? 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WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Tasie No. 15}. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—BUILDING MATERIALS, (6) MIS- CELLANEOUS. BRICKS: ORDINARY BUILDING, FIRST QUALITY. Price per 1,000 at Montreal, Que., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Le Prix Courant, (1890-1896), and Le Moniteur du Commerce, (1897-1909). ! | Month. 1890. 1891. | 1892. 1893. 1894. = 1895. 1896. ! | | $ cts. $ cts. $ $ cts $ cts. | S cts. $ ets January ,... 2. eee eee 10-12 10 60 ie 7 50-8 i, 7 50-8 00] 9 00-10 | 8 00-9 00, 7 50-8 00 yeti te oie 10-12 10 00 10-1 7 50-8 00 10-12 8 00-9 00; 7 50-8 00 re 10-12 10 00 10-12 7 50-8 00 10-12 8 00-9 00; 7 50-8 00 ehh 10-12 ; 1000 10-12 7 50-8 00 10-12 8 00-9 00; 7 50-8 00 10 00 7 50 10-12 7 50-8 00| 7 50-8 50, 8 00-9 00, 7 50-8 00 10 090 7 50 | 7 50-8 00; 7 50-8 00) 8 00-8 50, 8 00-8 50; 7 50-8 00 10 00 7 50 7 50-8 00) 7 50-8 00) 8 00-8 50) 8 00-8 50, 7 50-8 00 10 00 7 50 7 50-8 00] 7 50-8 00) 8 00-8 50; 8 00-8 50, 7 50-8 00 10 00 7 50 7 50-8 00| 7 50-8 00] 8 00-8 50, 8 00-8 50: 7 50-8 00 10 00 7 50 | 7 50-8 00| 7 50-8 00) 8 00-8 50| 7 50-8 00! 7 50-8 00 November...... 10 00 7 50-8 00, 7 50-8 00} 7 50-8 00] 8 00-9 00; 7 50-8 00: 7 50-8 00 December..........--++ 10 00 7 50-8 00, 7 50-8 00) 7 50-8 00} 8 00-9 00) 7 50-8 00; 7 50-8 00 Average........-5-- 10-3333 8-3750 | 8-8333 7-7500 9-0625 8+ 2291 | 7-7500 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. ; 1901. 1902. 1903. eee) $ cts. $ cts. 8 cts. 3 ets. $ cts “$ cts. $ cts. JONUALY sss sess gee nets 7 50-8 00, 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50, 7 25-7 50); 7 25-7 50 Pebruary iiss s cess anne e 7 50-8 00, 7 00 7 25 7 25 7 25-7 50 7 25-7 50' 7 25-7 50 Marcltisis «sige G08 6 eases hd 7 50-8 00, 7 00 7 25 7 25 7 25-7 50 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50 April oeetee aise a eee 7 50-8 00, 7 00 7 25 7 25 7 25-7 50, 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50 AY sch aah anh shaven Gates RS 7 00-7 50 7 00 7 25 7 25 7 25-7 50| 7 25-7 50; 7 25-7 50 JUNG sasciie iageares Pees 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50| 7 25-7 50! 7 25-7 50] 7 25-7 50 DULY sarap tte, Fase ese end at cee ee 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50| 7 25-7 50! 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50 August..... 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50| 7 25 7 50) 7 25-7 50 September... 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50! 7 25-7 50] 7 25-7 50 October... .. 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50| 7 25-7 50| 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50 November. . 7 00 7 00 725 | 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50! 7 25-7 50] 7 25-7 50 ' December...............-5 7 00 7 00 7 25 7 25-7 50| 7 25-7 50 7 25-7 50) 7 25-7 50 Average..........-5 7-2708 7-000 7- 2291 7:3229 7.3750 7.3750 7.3750 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. [ $ cts: 5 cts. $ cts $ cts § cts. $ cts $ cts. 9-11 9-11 11-14 11-12 11-12 11-13 Qa1d lhe evates 11-14 11-12 11-13 11-13 QHD fies cesses 11-14; 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 | 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 9-11 11-14 10 11-12 11-13 11-13 10°0000 12°2500 10°6250 11°5000 11°9583 12°0000 218 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT OF LasBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; TaBLEe No. 152, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—X. BUILDING MATERIALS, (b) MISCELLANEOUS—Continued. Price per 1,000 at Montreal, Que., on the first market day of each month; quotations from BRICKS, FIRE. The Journal of Commerce. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. $ cts. | $ cts | $ cts $3 cts. $ cts. $ cts. 8 cts. January....) 20 00-28 00, 23 00-25 00; 17 50-23 00] 20 00-25 00) 17 00-21 00| 17 50-22 50} 15 00-21 50 February 20 00-28 00, 23 00-25 00; 17 50-23 00) 20 00-25 00) 17 00-21 00; 17 50-22 50) 15 00-21 50 March.. 20 00-28 00; 23 00-25 00; 17 50-23 00) 20 00-25 00} 17 00-21 00) 17 50-22 50} 15 00-21 50 April....... 20 00-28 00; 23 00-25 00) 20 00-25 00) 20 00-25 00) 17 00-21 00, 17 50-22 50} 15 00-21 50 May....... 20 00-28 00; 23 00-25 00; 20 00-25 00) 20 00-25 00} 17 00-21 00] 17 50-22 50 15 00-21 50 June....... 23 00-25 00, 23 00-25 00, 20 00-25 00} 20 00-25 00) 15 50-19 50) 15 00-21 50) 15 00-21 50 duly casas 23 00-25 00} 23 00-25 00 20 00-25 00) 20 00-25 00! 15 50-19 50) 15 00-21 50) 15 00-21 50 August.....| 23 00-25 00! 23 00-25 00’ 20 00-25 00° 20 00-25 00] 15 00-19 00) 15 00-21 50) 15 00-21 50 September..| 23 00-25 00; ae Oe 00, a0 poeae 00; ae eee 00 is pos 50 Le o-31 ne 15 00-21 50 Gem | 25 AEE OB O28 28 egw Os Hs 5a Oe ae December...) 23 00-25 00, 17 50-23 00, 20 00-25 00, 20 00-25 00; 17 50-22 50; 15 00-21 50) 15 00-21 00 Average. . 24-000 | 23-375 | 21-937 | 22-500 18-541 | 18-979 18-208 Month. 1897. 1898 1899. 1900. 1901. : 1902. 1903. 8 cts. | $ ets. $ cts. $ cts. 3 cts $ cts. $ cts. January 15 00-21 00; 19 00-22 00; 16 00-21 00} 18 00-26 00; 17 00-24 00 16 00-22 00} 16 00-22 00 February 15 00-21 00} 19 00-22 00) 16 00-21 00| 18 00-26 00; 17 00-24 00| 16 00-22 00] 16 00-22 00 March...... 16 00-22 00, 19 00-22 00} 16 00-21 00 18 00-26 00; 17 00-24 00) 16 00-22 00} 16 00-22 00 April. 16 00-22 00 19 00-22 00! 16 00-21 00 18 00-26 00) 17 00-24 00) 16 00-22 00! 16 00-22 00 May....... 17 00-22 00| 19 00-22 00) 18 00-26 00] 17 00-24 00} 16 00-22 00] 16 00-22 00] 16 00-22 00 June .-| 17 00-22 00) 19 00-22 00) 18 00-26 00} 17 00-24 00) 16 00-22 00} 16 00-22 00) 16 00-22 00 UY. 3 sereceros 17 00-22 00, 19 00-22 00, 18 00-26 00} 17 00-24 00; 16 00-22 00} 16 00-22 00: 16 00-22 00 August...../ 17 00-22 00 16 00-21 00} 18 00-26 00} 17 00-24 00; 16 00-22 00! 16 00-22 00) 16 00-22 00 Serve: | HOSE Sis Got Sl 1s Os Ol He at GS As Oh OO 18 Oh ctober.... — i 2 -22 00) 16 00-22 00 00- November..| 17 00-22 00; 16 00-21 00; 18 00-26 00} 17 00-24 00) 16 00-22 00) 16 00-22 00; 16 00-22 00 December...| 17 00-22 00) 16 00-21 00/ 18 00-26 00; 17 00-24 00] 16 00-22 00) 16 00-22 00) 16 00-22 00 Average. .|' 19-166 | 19-666 20-833 21-000 19-500 19-000 19-000 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. $ cts. 3 cts. 8 cts. 3 ets. $ cts. $ cts. 16 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00) 15 00-22 00} 17 00-21 00] 17 00-21 00! 17 00-21 00 16 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00' 15 00-22 00] 17 00-21 00} 17 00-21 00! 17 00-21 00 16 00-22 00, 15 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00| 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00; 17 00-21 00 15 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00} 15 00-22 00; 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00! 17 00-21 00 15 00-22 00, 15 00-22 00} 15 00-22 00] 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00 15 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00} 17 00-21 00} 17 00-21 00 17 00-21 00 15 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00) 15 00-22 00} 17 00-21 00; 17 00-21 00! 17 00-21 00 -| 15 00-22 00, 15 00-22 00) 15 00-22 00} 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00, 17 00-21 00 September..} 15 00-22 00; 15 00-22 00) 17 00-21 00! 17 00-21 00] 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00 October....| 15 00-22 a 15 00-22 00) 17 00-21 00; 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00 November..| 15 00-22 00} 15 00-22 00) 17 00-21 00| 17 00-21 00] 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00 December... 15 00-22 00 15 00-22 00; 17 00-21 00] 17 00-21 00) 17 00-21 00! 17 00-21 00 ” Average... 18-625 18-500 18-666 19-000 19-000 19-000 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 219 DerpaRTMEeNT oF Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Tasue No. 153. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—X. BUILDING MATERIALS, (b) MISCELLANEOUS—Continued. CEMENT: CANADIAN PORTLAND, ‘(IN CAR LOAD LOTS). Price per barrel at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metat. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. | $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $3 cts. $ cts. 8 cts 3 20 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60 3 20 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60 3 20 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60 3 20 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60 3 20 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 3 20 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 80 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60 2 70 i 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60 27 December..............45. 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 70 2 50-2 60) 2 50-2 75 Average.......+. er 2-958 2-700 2-700 2-700 2-700 2-650 2-647 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. $ cts $ cts 8. cts $3 cts $ cts 3 cts 2 50 2 65-2 90) 2 65-2 90) 2 80-3 00) 2 25-2 65, 2 80-3 20 2 50 2 65-2 90] 2 65-2 90; 2 80-3 00) 2 25-2 65) 2 40-2 50 2 50 2 65-2 90) 2 65-2 90) 2 80-3 00, 1 90-2 65] 2 40-2 50 2 90 2 65-2 90} 2 80-3 00) 2 40-2 80} 1 90-2 75) 2 40-2 50 2 70-2 90| 2 65-2 90) 2 80-3 00] 2 25-2 80| 1 90-2 75} 2 40-2 50 2 70-2 90) 2 65-2 90) 2 80-3 00] 2 25-2 75) 2 00-2 85 2 50 2 70-2 90} 2 65-2 90! 2 80-3 00) 2 25-2 75) 2 25-2 85 2 50 2 70-2 90; 2 65-2 90, 2 80-3 00! 2 25-2 75) 2 40-3 00 2 50 2 70-2 90) 2 65-2 90, 2 80-3 00, 2 25-2 75) 2 40-3 00} 2 05-2 65 2 65-2 90} 2 65-2 90, 2 80-3 00, 2 35-2 75) 2 40-3 00) 2 05-2 65 2 65-2 90; 2 65-2 90) 2 80-3 00 2 25-2 75) 2 80-3 20) 2 05-2 65 2 65-2 90) 2 65-2 90) 2 80-3 00) 2 25-2 65) 2 80-3 20) 2 05-2 65 2-693 2-775 2-868 2-610 | 2°575 2-475 e Month. 1904, 1905. 1906. - 1907. 1908. 1909. $ cts $ we! $ cts. 3 cts $ cts 1 70-2 00) 1 90-2 00] 2 00-2 05} 2 20-2 30) 1 70-1 75 1 70-2 00] 1 90-2 00] 1 95-2 05, 2 20-2 30) 1 70-1 75 1 70-1 80/ 2 00 2 00-2 10} 2 20-2 30; 1 70-1 75 1 70-1 80] 2 00 2 00-2 10) 2 20-2 30) 1 70-1 75 1 65-1 75) 2 00 2 00-2 10) 2 20-2 30, 1 70-1 75 1 75-2 00} 1 95 2 00-2 10] 2 20-2 30} 1 70-1 75 1 85 1 95 2 00-2 10! 1 85-2 00} 1 70-1 75 1 95-2 00} 1 95-2 05] 2 00-2 10) 1 85-2 00} 1 70-1 75 1 95-2 00] 1 95-2 05] 2 00-2 10) 1 85-2 00} 1 70-1 75 1 90-2 00| 1 95-2 05) 2 10 1 85-2 00] 1 70-1 75 1 90-2 00; 1 95-2 05) 2 10 1 85-2 00) 1 50-1 65 1 90-2 00) 1 95-2 05! 2 10 1 85-2 00] 1 50-1 65 a 1-868 1-983 | 2-056 | 2-0875 | 1-700 220 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR . DeparTMENT OF Laspour, CANADA, Wuo.esaLeE Prices, 1890-1909; Taste No. 154, WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—X. BUILDING MATERIALS. (6) MISCELLANEOUS—Continued. HEAVY. HINGES: Price per pound at Toronto, Ont., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metat. eet cobra crise Lenfycatecaeticaerica| teal tcel neato g Seesssssssss j g SSsssesssssé |. 3S B SSSO9S9090000 | 19 63 © PPPPPTHPTHP? |B D Li dedeclededucleclectecleclace | St 3S TRELEETI LT) tke yo wo ecigteaht cheba caheacisect | nN % ~ wy * tte itedtritinie titted xt © SOOC0900C0000 |] 4 a & S900990000000/N 6 So OOOGOOOGOGOSH | a TTT De ddocececdechacdecse | 3 ° LELLEL LLL. ee o SSSSSSSSSSSSIAN 4 A rowmigmercoancranapanes | O a we BESS oooSHHS | Oo a Rw cocococooooce |S ae 2 Bw Oo 6666666566666 | mt SoS ooo Geno ee i. 7 ooooooooscooo ecoococoscoooo9oS a See sien Terivchicaieabrnbintantrneeiins TINGS pment citer ay eatel 191919 ann 1D IDID ID DIDIDID ID IDIOIO 19 1919 19 19 1919 19 19) Bee SSSHSS | |. g 0266666665656 g esessssso ls 3 2 OO PT PTTPTPIS S BS scoecscc00c090]0 nt BS sccooscooscooSee | a oS LT TTTTTT/S S PEt CILE LT) £7 jap S TILL I tr ri ood] s+ 2 H Doooonnonogg | 8 a & OMDB HHOooHO|S a w BSASooaggQo0o0 | S et mo SSS6S666S665 ] 7 S$SSS6S6S6S5E66 | 2 SS3S66555 eooooeoccooe SoococoooCSoS coooesosceo cohpesinenie Rest crobabebatasrtnbntntee 1919 19 19.19.19 19 19191919190 TH tH oH 1919 19 19.19.:1919:1919 1919199191919 19.19 191.9190 g CSSSSSSSSSS5] g SSCSSSSSSSSS | BZ SSSSSSSsosso | | : 8 : 7 a ® S900000900000/K 3 BS soaeococcsso | + oS B es00000990000 | + a LIETELL ELLE LET |e @ Lit) Une ho |S 3} LLL ee ae fae: wo qhaniveentcteniacctaciwcswebresania | oH wo echaestechs areas | oH & Pan pdanpiniinitqansinsinst 9 no wa HHH SHH HH HH HHH Oo o FMD OD OD SH SH HH eH cH SH cH oH cad a PR 1919.19.19 0919.19 19.1919:10. kD a SS0SS55565566 | > SSS6506556066 | * SSS66S5S5SS56565] > eeocooooescoso Cocos oOCODCS eoocooccoooeo are ry aitiecnisnarsnie i Shebababaschaitsrebabninas 1910.19 19 19 1919 19 19.1919.19 as + 1919 19 19 19 19 19 1919 191.919 g SOSS95SSS5S0 | f 5 fol g SSSSSSSSSSS9] a BS sosggc000000 | wo 3 ° oO] red BS seococosccso|a a ete lbh lech eal. |c0 S T Lia S TTTTITITITCTiTrTitils a) cchectiacoeesbacsiucctamtrestaetit | C3 we cpestiechuctioes ois | oH eS cineideinbinanirdeinganiiniins | 19 n A IMIMOHK HH HAH | a wn 39 popcoc9 | © 4 A 19191919191 19191919 1018 | S S5S650655656666]6 SSSSS661 5 SS6665S56556561~ eococoscescsco oooosco eeocecosceccooo TRAE In SSpiniditds enact © eslspeefanenitetsecinenicsen|stcciecciacciresteese | chiceieielsceaheetsbestnia | AD UD 1D LD LD UD 1D 19 19 19.1.9 40 SHH cH HH oH SHH tH HH UD 1D AQ UD UD 19 1D 1D 19 2 LD UD 2 SSSSSSSSSSSS | L Gg COSOSOS55S555 go SSsossssssss] | . . ad . ~ S. |p eorerrrestr tus || se |||" Serer eter e422) | Speererserrn |S 3 Hi dtiditnhitetinds 9 a sleet sal sélacleclard eoftesiaecincaictesle | SH a Haniinkicacaninsidiicaceae | 16 aol UCD UCD LD UD 1D 1D 19 19 10 19 19 1D °° Saal A 0D 09 9. 09 0D OF O19 OD OD OD OF OD. Lae coal FO 1D 1D 10 19 19 19.19 19.1919 19D oO # S0S5SSSS5S6SS65] 7 S66666656656]7 SESSSSESSSS65}]- eooocooocseoo eoocDcescooCDS SeooscoocooDCSO Ste oA : Pg 2 RE SBS eee : os : 7 Dt ean Oo a i i By ci ashok le ED wg Le i eB: s Be aie capa ne we Ses io S palit: iia ree o = 28 % S g ae . a 3 Eai:ii ges aa esoq. : aQ a) os i ‘. oo S a a s BEd eo nese ss § 3 ZEEE ata agese 5 s Se 5 = aAgaaedasepoos & ge Sag sz SSS 8 > 2 $3 5 Ses 4322 aese8 <4 Baad 544n0ZQ <4 ZA a 221 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 fe f ‘00 0% log 1 06 T 06 T os T joss OL T OL T |g9 T 109 T O9T |G I [SGT O9 T |/O9 T SG T [ro 0 $ 0g ‘0 § ‘9 § Og ‘0 § ‘ae peg Pos “89s peg pes POS pee os { 00 @ joo ‘ov g 100 & 2g ‘og ie g ‘og | I | | “606T “8061 “LO6T “906T | “SO6T “pO6T “€06T “206T ‘| “TO6T “O06T “668T | “SG8T | “L68T | “968T “S68T | “POST | “68T | | \ ‘ang ‘Teeayuoyy ‘Auedutoy 2) ATRNOW °M 4q parddns suonvjonb ‘gggT sours rod 0} avad WOT, “aN ‘TeoTJUOT, 7B ‘JYSIOM SsoIs ‘sqT OTE FO [odaeq sad sotd oseraAy- “SIUVd AO WALSVTd & 06 0 06 06 0& 06 0% &@. | ~ & | BG | oS 8S a GS 06 ST ot Lt S19 sa) "S10 | S90} “890 | “820 "810 | "S40 | 10 0) SH) tos *sk) “S10 "st “$40 “st "S190 S10 | | “9061 ‘sO6T =| “FO6T “806T “S06T “106T ‘006T “668T oe “968T | “S6S8T | “PEST | “68ST | “G6ST | “I68T | “068T ‘pyy ‘Auedmo, s9yse[g [eM TMH em} Aq parddns suonezonb < ggg aouts raf 0] reak wos “and ‘[[nET ye feysnq sed soud oseiday “606T “806T “L061 “INDO Wd 26-6 “ELIOIVO HDIH : GWT ee eo ue @) ‘SIVIMALVW ONIGTING “XI— 6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIUd AIVSATIOHM “GGT “ON aTavy :606T-068T ‘BHU ATVSATOH AA . VaYNVD a! UDOUVT AO INAWLUVITC 222 é : DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR , . DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA. WHoLEsALE Prices, 1890-1909; TABLE No. 156 WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—X. BUILDINGS MATERIAL, (b) MISCELLANEOUS—Continued. NAILS, cuT, 3 IN. (3D. ). Price per keg at Montreal, Que., on the first market day of each month; quotations ‘from Hardware and Metal. Month. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894, — 1895. 1896. $ cts $ ets $ cts. $ cts $ cts $ cts. 3 cts 2 80 2 65 2 40 2 80 2 80 225 2 50 2 80 2 60 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 60 2 50 2 80 255-260 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 60 3 10 2 90 255-260 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 60 3 10 2 90 245 2 80 2 80 2 40 2 60 3 10 275 230 + 280 2 80 235-2 40/ 2 60 3 25 uly 2 70 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 35-2 40] 2 60 3 25 Atiguste:. 3.00 Gen fevcca wed 2 55 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 35-2 40) 2 60 3 25 September................ 2 60 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 35-2 40 3 00 3 25 October..............00.- 2 60 2 30 2 80 2 80 2 35-2 40] 3 00 3 25 November................ 2 65 2 20 2 80 2 80 2 3 00 3 25 December................+ 2 65 2 20 2 80 2 80 2 25 3 00 3 25 Average........0.5- 2-725 2-395 2-641 2-80 2-498 2-704 3-087 Month. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. | 1902. 1903. $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts. $ cts 3 cts $ cts. January... 2.0.20 cece 2 70 2 50 2 40 3 25 3 00 3 20 3 10 February.........0.000005 2 70 2 50 2 40 3 50 3 00 3 00 3 10 Mareliveet-cacarscase seers: 2 55 2 50 2 40 3 50 3 00 3 00 3 10 ApriligecasliGemienenvances 2 55 2 50 2 50 3 50 3 00 3 00 3 10 Mayr i itocshendciacenencn thd 2 70 2 50 2 70 3 50 3 00 3 10 3 10 JUne ns hsianccrnatmeniaane 215 2 50 2 70 3 50 3 00 3 10 3 10 July ic donk olin ween 195 | 250 2 80 3 50 3 10 3 10 3 10 MUBUSte coh avemaueabid oy 1 85 2 40 2 90 3 25 3 10 3 10 3 10 September................ 1 85 2 40 2 90 3 25 3 20 3 10 3 10 October: ech iets to ecccaue 185 2 40 315 3 00 3 20 3 10 3 10 November................ 1 85 2 40 3 25 3 00 3 20 3 10 3 10 December................. 185 | 240 3 25 | 3 00 3 20 3 10 3 10 Average...........5 2-129 | 2-458 2-779 | 3-312 3-083 | 3-083 3-10 Month. 1904. | 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. | 1909. | | $ cts. | $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts. | g cts. 310 | 295 3 05 2 95 315 | 285 3 10 2 95 2 95 2 95 315 2 85 2 95 | 2 95 2 85 2 95 3 15 2 85 2 95 3 05 2 85 295 2 85 2 85 295 | 305 2 85 315 2 85 2 85 295 | 305 | 285 315 285 | 285 295 = 3 05 2 85 315 2 85 2 85 295 | 305 2 85 315 2 85 2 85 2 95 3 05 2 85 315 2 85 2 85 295 305 285 315 2 85 °2 85 295 — 3 05 2 85 3.15 2 85 2 85 295 | 3.05 2 85 3.15 2 85 2 85 2-975 | 3-025 | 2-875 3-083 9-925 | 2-85 : I WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 228 DEPARTMENT OF LaBourR, CANADA. WHo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Tasie No. 157. WHOLESALE PRICES, CANADA, 1890-1909.—X. BUILDING MATERIALS, (b) MISCELLANEOUS—Continued. NAILS, WIRE, BASE.* Price per keg at Montreal, Que., on the first market day of each month; quotations from Hardware and Metal. Month.. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. NOVeraber $56 eich doarchctae a aeivalllavciele scoustone foffe acaisrametetee! cdalayela aaueae| sie 'd agian ep eansd ames | ak mame wel ene aobon OTs December. ..............-/.-- eatleimulln aimee Sal yeereaven, |saeuseryes|RGe eae cnsls oe seeue 22) Soasigacieas AVCTALC Hs nice digas saillecaneracrel eee eed e Bas ced ee Sows hee edad oa) Gag oe eas acted eae 'el aeadee weelon 4 | Month. 1897 : 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. | 1902. 1903 . | $ cts. $ ets. $8 cts. $ ets. $ cts. 1 75-1 80 3 224 2 85 2 77% 2 40 1 95-2 00 3 40 2 85 2 50 2 40 2 40 3 40 2 85 2 50 2 40 2 55 3 40 2 774 2 50 2 40 2 55 3 20 2 774 2 50 2 40 2 55 3 20 2 774 2 50 2 40 2 65 3 20 2 774 2 50 2 40 2 75 3 10 2 774 2 50 2 40 2 87% 3 10 2 774 2 50 2 40 3 224 2 85 2 774 2 50 2 40 3 224 2 86 2 774 2 40 2 40 3 30 2 85 2 774 2 50 2 40 2-6521 | 3-1479 | 2-79375 | 4.275146 | 12-4000 Month. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908 . 1909. $ cts. $ cts. 3 cts. $ cts. $ cts.) $ cts. 2 40 2 25 2 16 2 20 2 55 2 25 2 40 2 25 215 2 40 2 45 2 25 2 40 2 25 215 2 40 2 30 2 25 2 40 2 25 215 2 45 2 30 2 25 2 40 2 25 215 2 45 230 |, 225 | 2 40 2 25 2 05 2 45 2 20 225 : 2 40 2 25 2.05 2 45 | 220 |! 2 25 2 40 2 25 2 05 2 45 2 20 2 25 2 40 2 25 2 05 2 45 2 20 2 25 2 20 2 25 2 05 2 45 220 | 2 25 2 20 2 25 210 2 50 2 20 | 2 35 2 20 215 2 20 2 50 2 20 ; 2 35 Average.........0..,. 2- 3500 2-2416 2-1083 2:4291 | 2- 2750 | 2- 2666 * Base unchanged. » v A DEPARTMENT OF LABOL 224 ‘SI9[VIP BHI] [VIBAGS JO AZMOYING 94} VO GEST-VEST aPv:p ayy soy sotacl oBTVIaAN un sv popawdar st fetus pPNod OOF 10d OG'ZF aord ay, “SqT OOF 04 00E suruund sjaiivq ut dn ynd st goyid Mon ‘spunod QOF JNOYGT Jo PYSIoM osUVIWAT UN Pat Yor spaiieq ur dn ynd sem youd avad yey} 02 dq) “OOGT 441JU pueB siojaq Seotd Ul aduBYD ay) Wed ursurydxa sty “spunod porpuny ayy Aq Uasts ov suOTPLYONH ay} ‘sjatiuq ur pPpos [TS OTIYAL ‘dey, VdUIs yng ‘feqmeq Jed pros a1aM ez puw youd ‘YO6T 02 AN+ 0002-0 BEEE-0 0048-0 098-0 G188-0 8890-1 1620 -T|00S8-0 0g -% ONE -Z 0008 -¢.0008°% 000¢-Z 000g-z Go0s +z 000G -Z)0008 -Z 0008-2, RiGee away a | ! | Pa OL oz ‘06-08 ‘06-08 06-08 OUT] OTT] ¢s G8 os GE PROG Ghee a ee ees ee: SF eS oo dog imaaagy OL 02 |06-08 los-0s o6-os | 00 1 | ort | gs G8 os | ~ ZS PiOGE fs SE hes Gee eases Pathe arene ts Ja{UaAoN OL v4 (06-08 ‘06-08 06-08 | oot }ort! ¢g gs) og ns B | OG greene eesse j PP tinal] ep hayb wg Gihbehaes a ete “t9qor9 OL OL (06-08 ‘06-08 06-08 | OO T | OTT | gs gs | os ee GlcOseg fe soa] ee see pt RRC ee daqntaydas aL GL 96-08 06-08 06-08 | OO T | OL T gs gs Sse Peis een ee & | 0g 3 | Stee aceon nore, eer aoe ra lin wpa ed a gee aN cose asnsny OL £2 06-08 06-08 06-08 | OL Ti 0OT |] gs Gs Use eer ens Bos Chee Pees GA ee ies OL GL ‘yo-8 06-08 v6 OL 1] OO T] gs gs yp [reer eens Bae [MOG STS ORS pecs OL GL (06-08 (06-08 06 OL tT} 001 | gs cs os Bp | ORR EEN DARE aS ES OL jO8-G2 06-08 6-08 06) OL T | 0OT) gs Gs Us GA, | ae Sa Perce meetin ea CRA py Se rene yay OL jOS-2 06-08 bi-us 06-08 OL T | OO T-} gs G8 os fu po CVE Se? 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Jo srenup 899 | “39 | 890 | “810 | 830 | 890 | “810 | “890 | “890 | 839 | “890 | “S10 | “890 | 810 | “890 | ‘530 | 830 | 890 | “330 | “S10 ‘gost | ‘gost | “Z06t | “906t | ‘cost | “ost | ‘gost | -zost | “tost | “oost | “ust | ‘seet | “z68T | “968T | “Seat | “FST | “eesT | “zest | “test | ‘osst “yVOPY “96L ‘ON BIGVL, : 6061-068 ‘SHOU FIVSHIOHM ‘WDULNOL? TDOVYNOVULLDY J unipouny ayy, WoIz SvOTye{ONb { yQUOU yore Jo Kup ysay oY} UO “YU ‘OPUOIOT, 4 “sq] 94y Jo so1yUENb ut punod sad dog” ‘panuyuogj—iIVIONANNOO “GIOV OlUNHdd Tas ‘pepnpuog—STVOINGHO UNV SNNUA JIX ‘6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOLUd ATVSHIOHM ‘VaVNVQ ‘dNodwy] 40 LNEWLavaaq 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206 207. 208. 209. 210. TABLES. XTIT.—MISCELLANEOUS. Mink, dark. iy Muskrat: best winter and fall. Raccoon (Chat sauvage). Skunk: black, Canadian. — : Malt, ale and porter, and whiskey. Tobacco: smoking, standard brand plug, duty paid. Binder twine, sisal. Gunpowder, common sporting, standard grade. Rope, pure Manilla. Rubber, Para island, fine Soap, common. 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ZIT |8-9TT |1-82E |¢-SIT |¢.01T |f-00T |F-66 |2£-88 [6-82 |0-26 |9-SOT |F-91T |&-TOT [9.801 |g.60T [812998 e010yo sxoyozng 4 F-SIL |F.OLT [0-021 |Z-FOT |Z-96 |8-00T 'g.Loz [3-601 12.FOT |Z c6 |8.G0T |¢-ZoT |o-46 Jo-98 [9-98 |o-g2 |8-Cor |¢-GFT |o.86 |6-TOT |'""* omrtid usaqsa yA ‘O[N9%H g-89t \z-ser lo-oer l9-tet lg-2tt \-stt \e-9ttel -- soot teaks sol asayeetll isin ofa areas sate || excel inetd Jocefece|ee|eces pase aeen 0.96 [¢.28T |O. TFT |0-89T |F. FET |0-28E |L-9eT |G-28T |¢-9eT |e.FIL |6-SOT {9-60 |2-TOL j9-48 |¢.F6 |L-FOT |e-EIT |8-F6 [8-06 |Z-00T oo aa ee ‘acd ‘ocd ‘ocd ‘od ‘od ‘od ‘od ‘od ‘acd ‘od ‘ad ‘ocd ‘ocd ‘od od ‘od ‘a-d ‘ocd ‘od ‘ocd “GGT | “BO6T | “LO6T | “906T | “GOGT | “FOGT | “EO6T | “ZOGT | “LO6T | “OOKT | ‘66ST | “S68T | “A681 | “96ST | “GEST | “FEST | “S68 | “ZEST | “Test | “O68T — ‘001 = 6681-0681 9d oseI0AW “6061-0681 ‘SUMAWON XHANI AO AIAVL ‘SLVEW GNV SIVWINV “II— 6061-0681 ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOINd WIVSHIOHM ‘IL ‘ON BTAV], * 6061-0681 ‘SHON HIVSHIOH MA “YaVNV/) ‘anoavy 40 INIALAVGAC DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 286 7 9-€8T J€.98T |¢.T8L S.OBT |L-STT |%.201 6.801 [6-901 |9-Z0T /0.GoT |F.ToT |6-26 |t.06 |t-06 |g.46 |9.For |p-ort |g-cot |e.9ot Jo-gor oo e8er0a yw 8-261 [2-SET |G-86T |2-O1T [2.011 |2.O1T [2-011 [2-011 |2-OTT /2-OTT |0.00T |0-001 |o.0t |0-001 {0-001 |o.00r |o-oot |o-0ot lo.00r lo-0r [---"- aa ets paneer AW G-TAT |8- 26 |T-GST |T-96T |P-8L [o-PHT |F-OTT |2-OLL |2-26 |6-goT |2-20T |z-g6 |g.22 3-68 [1-26 Je.g6 |¢.¢or [.tor |g-ert \g-gtt PONE aSes0ys ‘sBaq F-VOT |8-6Cr 0-O8T |F-G2T |F-GTT [8-96 |Z.6IT 2-O1T /¢.66 |9-9TT 6.201 |¢.c8 |I-86 (0.88 |p.16 |t-sot |t-8or [6-201 |¢-gor |T-ToT | “peanojoo uzaqsem ‘asoayp F-FGL |Z. THT |2-TST |G-€2T |6-€1T |9-26 |¢-FOT |F-E0T |s-Gor |g.cor |¢.¢6 |o.g6 |2.48 [1-8 |o.g6 lo.ortr jg-ozt l9.6or le-gor l.66 [: J Uspyfos Aurvep ‘aqang T.081 [8-281 !-0zT i8-T1T !g.20T [6.26 Jo.oot J9.66 |s.66 lg.cot 'g.96 |g.z6 ee $06 [3.46 |F.cot J8-8It |9-or |2-ott |2.g6 | + -‘sqated Sremvero ‘aayng “G06T | “SO6T | “LO6T | “906T | “GO6T | “FOG | “EO6T | “ZOGT | “TO6E | “OO6T | “66ST | ‘s6sT | “test | ‘9681 | ‘cest | test | ‘esgt | ‘zest | ‘test | -oset — ‘00T = 6681-0681 ‘ood eSeiaay “606T-068T ‘SUAAMWON XACNI JO WIAVL ‘AONGOUd AYIVA “ITI—‘606I-068l ‘VAVNVO ‘SHOIYd “TVSH'TIOHM ‘III ‘ON BIAVI, : 6061-0681 ‘SHOIUG HIVSHION AA “VIWNVQ ‘NOdV] 40 INAWLUvaIqg 287 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 O-FET /9-08T 9-631 |8-OZT |L-QTT |G-6TT |3-9IT |3-OIL |S-SIL |h-901 |0-O1T |9-66 |9 86 |9-ZOL |F-10T |F-96 |2-66 9-06 |8:26 |€-80T |-"°° °° e8es00ny S-OFT |G-99T 6-99 |T-281 |2-91T /2-621 |6-03T |8-OTT 10-201 |Z-OTT |8-SIT 4-98 |0-26 9-L0T |6-FOT |6-26 |2-TOT 2-86 |§.66 |9-26 J “ysoay “YsBOUy A O-PFT |P-OPT |T-6FT |0-62T |T-1ZL [2-831 |F.TZT JO-TLT |S-GOL |G-€TL |6-TIL |Z-88 [2.68 |F-EOL /S-00T |9-26 |%-GOT |G- TOT |%-G0T /@-TOL | °°" ** “Ysesy qnoay, uowyeg G-OPT |8-6FT |9-OFT 9 FET [O.LTL |9.FET [8-801 (§.90T [2-201 (0.211 |8-90T [6.18 8-48 |€-GOT l€-GOT |8-28 |9-90T |€-SOT |€-GOT |0-OTT |°°°* ‘pPauueo “O-g ‘uourTeg 2-961 [2.16 |F-821 |L-OLL |T-OLT |F-82L |h.SZT |F-82T |F-SBT IF-SL |f-83E |6-OOT [2-16 [2.16 |L-OTT [2-16 [2-16 |2-16 |b.eL |p.SaL | °°°****** pagres ‘Terayouyy 0-691 (€-98T \0-69T |0-6GT |0-6GT |€.98T |€.98T |.98T 8-981 9-E1L |9-SIT |9-E1T /9-E1T \9-E1T 6-06 {6-06 |6-06 |6-06 (6-06 [6-06 |’ pouaro ‘s1a4sqory G-GIT /G-2TL /G-2TT |0-00T 0.00T |0-00T |G-ZIT {G-2TT |¢.ZIT |9-ZIL |O-00T |G-ZIL |0-S2T |0-001 |0-00T |0.00L |0-00T |¢.29 10.001 |0-00T [°° “peqpes ‘Sua y 6-960 |T-TEE |T-U0L [L-TEE |L-TEL jL- TEL |L-LTE JL TUL [L-TTT [LTT |L-T1T |L-TIT |T-TEE |2-96 [3-96 |%-96 |o-G6 [2-96 2.96 |o-G6 | °° Ysezz ‘oy GnqTeH 9-O8T |F-SOT |F-SOT |F-SOT |h-EOT |P-SOL |F-SOT |Z-98 |P-SOL |F-SOT |h-SOT |F-SOT [2-98 |F-801 |F-SOT |F-HOT |F-E01 |Z-98 |h SOT /F-0T | “°° “4 OF ‘Aap “yooppeyy T-9TT IF-LL '3-80T 13.S0T 3-801 '3-SOT IZ-E01 !8-06 1Z-SOL 1-EOT '3-E01 IZ-EOT |€.06 |Z-OT i3-E0T |Z-S0T |3-e0T I8.e8 |2-g0T 3.g0T he av ‘q'o'y ‘Aap ‘ysypop “GOGT | “BO6T | “LOGT | “906T | “SO6T | “FOGT | “SOT | ‘ZOGE | “LO6T | “OO6T | “66ST | “8G8T | “LEST | “968T | “S68T | “PEST | “S68T | “ZEST | “L68T | ‘O68T caro ‘HSIA “AI—'6061-0681 ‘VOVNVO ‘SHOIUd FIVSHIOHM “AI ‘ON @IGV,L : GO6T-O68T ‘SHOIUgG HIVSAIOH MA *VAVNVOQ ‘aooav] 40 INaWLuvaaqg ‘001 = "6681-0681 ord oderAy “606T-068T ‘SHUHAWOAN XHANI AO ATAVL DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 288 F-68 ia F-ZOL O-FLT S-02 |F-26 ]6-2F 8.8 0.84 2-02 (6.48 0-26 /Z-ZO [F-08 ]F-L6 (6-80T /T-LOL |F-9FT /O-GOT )1.02T | “0 rr samt T-ZOT |9.26 [6-601 [1-16 j6-12 |T-16 |t-69 |p.92 |z.19 6-99 |p-98 |9.26 |9.99 |o-19 |2-001 [2-46 |2-set |9-FIT |6-oat fL.etr | “ sae 2-901 |9.SIT |8-86T [6-09 [6-92 [2-06 9-29 [6 so |p.68 |€-69 |2.29 |b-0L [9-29 |L-29 |8-9TT Jo.Fs |8.F6 |Z-8eT |6-O8T |s-eIT J "* saqowag 6-FOL [2-FIT |9-2TT [2-981 |9-LeT [2.16 |¢-62T |9. 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FET |6-081T |G. 1ZT |6-0ST 2.921 |€.GTL |b GEL J4-G6T |3-18T |6.221 [2-82 |9.06 [0.8L 18-16 [8-Té |L o6 9. 68 SUR ISE (BO used T ON fe F-G0G |G T6t |L-8ST jL-96T |8-12T 6-GGT |L-6FL |-6FT |L-GhL |@-SFT |0-G8L G-86 |P.FOT |G-99 |8.0L [F-8L |8-68 12-28 “S409 = puv siaaqs paqyoodsut T ONT Ea cad | cod | cod | cord | tard sod | cod | cod | cord | cod j cod | cord | cord | cord | cord | cord | cord | cod —MCT[CA PUB SOPLFT a datas “6061 | “806T | “LO6T | “9061 | “SOBT | “FOGT | “SOG | ‘OGT | “LOGT | ‘OOGT | “66ST | “868 | “LEST | “96ST, “S681 | “FEST | “SO8T | “Z68T | “I63T | “O68T a 292 ‘00 = 6681-0681 ‘end oSeseay “606T-068T ‘SHUAWON XHANI AO WIAVL ‘paniwyuog— SHOHS ANV SLOOd GNV UAHLVAT ‘MOTIVL GNV SHCIH “JIA—6681-0681 ‘VOVNVO ‘SHOIUd AIVSHIOHM "TIA ON ATAVY, “GOGT-O68T ‘SHOINT ATVSATON AL ‘YUVNVO “H1OGVT AO INEM Vda] 293 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 “sqonpoid UodT Joty40 [[@ OSVIDAY » T SOL |G-SOT (G-FBL (Z-OCL (9-20 (L-ZOL G-GOL |G-8OT jT-LOT |8-ZIL |9-90T |F-06 8-88 j0-B6 [8-Z6 [4-S6 )$-ZOT /L-GOT /8-601 |F-9TT | °° °°" eBuroaW 2-LOT [2-201 |4-20T |2-20T |2-20T [2-201 [2-201 [2-201 ]2-801 |2-66 [2.66 [2-868 |2-66 [4-66 |2-66 [2-66 [2.66 [1-66 |8-00T /2-TOT TT SqU STEM ‘S8STA, 6-GOL [L-SkL 18. 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TST |@-TST |G. 1ST |2-GSE |O-OOL |0-00T |0.00T |0-00T |0-00T |0.00L |0-00T |0.00T {0.90T |0.00T (0-O00T |° “AI 00¢—0F ‘souoqspurig) G-TIL-|Z-TIT |Z-111 |G-00T [6-66 |9.66 18-46 |2-06 |2-16 |Z-16 |f-86 [1-96 |F 8 |€.88 |@-GOT |S-SOT [-COL |&-SOT /€.90T |8- LOT “plepueys Soxy 8-96 |8-96 |8-C6 [8-96 [8-96 |8-C6 |8-G6 |8-G6 [0-86 |%-OOT |%-O0T |Z-00T |Z.00T |G-00T |Z-00T |%-00T |%-00L |Z-OOT |%-00T |&-86 “. #40 pu ‘Al 08 ‘SHUN ‘sTAuy squamanduy (9) 8.201 8-ZET S-GIT |6-OTL |6-I1L {2.201 |§-L0T |T-TeT |2-FE1 |1-66 |%-68 |2-08 8-64 |& &8 |T-66 |9.60T |6.IT |0.cTT (e2- “sq00y8 ‘ouug: 2.671 L.860 |Z-O9T |Z-ZET |6-SFT |T-GFL |T-LFT |2-€9T |8.SPT 9-8 |8-FL |8.82 |6-08 [6-6 |8-90T |F-60I |9-60T [o-ZTT vr oreeees sssgoSur “ULL, e AIL Ltt |p.sot PFs |T-R00 (0-F0Te | a Pee deere (uae Glee tea: les wes |, Ome (Seeere le eh ae beret terres Tyan 8.S0T 0.9L |F-6ZL |S-ZIT |6-ETL |F-FOL |Z-OTL |2-83T |L-PET |S-96 [8-68 |€.F8 /9-6L |9-28 j€-26 |E-90T |9-OTT /6-8TT ek “+ raqjadg 2-081 0-2GT |0-OGI G-FIT |8-G1T |Z-SET |Z-IGT |8-#8T |6-61T [9-62 |T-SL |F-6GL [2-18 |&-16 |9-80T IP-STT [2.811 |T-PST Mee Ce ee ee eos 9.69 0-06 |¢-T8 |%-22 |%-c2 |G-0L {2.62 |6-28 [8-08 6.8L |I-TS |9-16 |G-88 |¢-G8 |P-POL |6-9TT |@-C8L |9-OFT Jo TOATIS T-66 8-9ZT |Z-SOT |2-68 13-86 [9-6 |F.OZT |G-9ET |9-6TT /6-GOL |G.96 |§-16 |G-GL [2.84 |T-GOT |L-G0T |6-60T |@.PIT |° “177 peory 0-06 6-66 |P-66 |€-LOLT |§. 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LIT |°** Prepurq “g°Q ‘To Te0D T.18 [4.8L |9-8L |G-88 |1-G8 |6-66 /6-96 |%.FS |9.8L |G.8L |8-08 2-28 [8.46 [1.96 |f-8OT |O-OTT |0-OTT /9-GOT |2-FOL |L-FOL |prepurys ULIpeUED ‘TIO TeOD “/esssssug qsanT SMOIQ ‘@HO-, 9-66 |8-96 6-26 |9.96 2-96 [8.46 [2.66 (6.06 |F.26 |8.96 |o"00Ts| 7" fo 8-AIL |9-O0T |€-99T |9-L9T [2.81 |b-96 |9-TZT |Z.9GT |9-GIT /8-GoT [2.800 [8.86 |z-G6 |F-oTT 0.8L |¢.29 [1-28 |e.90T |F-oTT l2.2aT Joowuany ‘ofastfouuog ‘ex0p G-STT |9-STT |G-STL [6.FTT |2.S1T |F-9TT J0.6TT |2-FIT |0-GOT 0.00 |T-66 |T-66 [1-66 |T-66 | 66 [6.66 |8-90T T-80T 2-86 [2.26 |°** e1owrygue ‘euueg ‘VoD S-ETL |0-8TT [6-211 |2-LO1 |-Gor |T-For |r'eoT, |6.26 |g-96 9-96 |0.0014|°"" ene eee ees Om See eens Trott[esssug SONI SMOIZ ‘TBO 2-FUL |8-221 |9-STT |€-TTL |8-8ET |L-1T |3-FGT |L-12T |T-TZT |F-90E |e.26 |g-26 [8-86 [9-66 [9-86 [9.86 |G.ZOT (¢.ZOT /9-ZOT |9.0T |**“seurUT jo una “g'Ny ‘Teo ord | cord | cocd | to-vd | covd | ocd | cocd | tovd | tod | ‘ocd | ocd | tocd | ‘ocd | ocd | tovd | tovd | cocd | cord | covd | ‘o-d “606T | “806T | “ZOGT | “9061 | “GOGT | “FOGT | “GOGT | “GOT | “LOGT | “OOG1) “66ST | “S68T | “LEST | ‘968T | “CST | “FEST | “E68T | ‘C68T | “T68T | ‘O68T a ‘00 = 6061-668T ‘eld oSeieay "606T-068T ‘SUAAIVNON XAANI JO ATEVL ‘ONILHDI] GNV THOd “XI--'6061-0681 ‘VOVNVO ‘Sd0IUd DIVSHIOHM “XI ‘ON STAI, : 606T-068T ‘S01N FIVSHION MA ‘VaVNVQ ‘anodvy] dO LINANLaVdaq: 295 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 ‘auld jo sapvid Mol edVIEAW , 9-49 [g.cor je-got |2-zat |r-er e-tet |e-szt lo-zer |g-1t lo.srt |¢.¢6 [3-06 |6-86 |t.26 |s-cor fo-sor |2.e0r |p.ror |2-c0r |g-gor fv 0 @Btu2ay L-PSL [¢-98T |G.gat [e221 [9-991 |e.2hL |T-6IT |Z-8ET j9-Z1T |e°90T /F-cor |p-gor |P-goT /9-90T |I. 201 {T-20T |P-G6 |é.26 |8-26 [9.88 °°" 7" 7 OAMOAOT, “ABO 6-121 |€-08 |e.Fet |8-se1 |8-921 p-seT |Z Tex |T-9TT lo.90T Jo-90r |G.zor |o.00T |0-001 |2-00T |0-80T |Z-66 |€-00T |0-001 [6.96 [6.96 |"""" °**** “OqUOIOT, ‘oTdey T-G@I [2-981 |9.92T |¢-LeT |G°9OTL {8-201 /9-00t [2-86 [2.86 |z-s6 [2-86 |2-86 |2-86 |8.60T |-Tar [2-96 |9-96 |9.96 jo.g6 [0.6 [7°77 °***'OqUOIOY, ‘Youre O-FEL [0.291 |F- IFT |9-FIT |0-OTL [8-211 |F-2at |e-2TL [9-68 0.96 |F-96 j0-6L |¢-GL [6-8 |2-€6 |8-46 |F-GOL JO-TCT Jg.TeL je°OaE | aN ‘se]Saryg O-€9T |T-6FI |¢-9FT |6-6FT [e-2eT |6-22T /9.2eT 9.80 |e°GIt |9.21T |e-got j9-F0r l2.26 |t-46 [1-96 |P.TIL |8-26 1.86 |2.96 |2-O0T |°"°"°7°"°7 "AN “eonadg eiFan \inaiseeue ih ged eee Coeds sadsies| “Rodpabe nnassllesenedleias [mune it [sioea eel se eel a kealayavoalesahes [sey +] + DeparTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricss, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 13. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ANIMALS AND MEATS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: (1) Cattle (Western); Cattle (Ontario); Beef (Toronto); and Veal (Toronto) ;. (2) Hogs (live at Toronto); Hogs (dressed); Salt Pork; and Lard; (3) Sheep (export ewes); Tallow; and Mutton (dressed); (4) Fowls; and Turkeys. — (Average Price 1890-1899—100) : CATTLE, BEEF & VEAL HOGS AND HOG PRO- FOWLS AND TURKEYS Department oF Lasour, CANADA. Wao.esate Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 14. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF. ONTARIO AND WESTERN CATTLE, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Cattle, Western Prime, off cars at Winnipeg, Man.; and Cattle, Butchers choice Steers at Toronto, Ont. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) CATTLE, Ontario CATTLE, Western ... ' DepaRTMENT or Lazpour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No. 15. CHART SHOWING RELAVIVE PRICES. OF HOGS (LIVE), AND LARD, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Hogs, choice selects, f. 0. b. West Toronto; and Lard pure, in tierces. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) fe : DeEpaRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHo.LesaLe Pricss, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 16. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SALT PORK, BACON AND HAMS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Pork, Heavy Canada Short Cut mess in bbls; English Boneless Breakfast Bacon; and Hams, smoked, medium size. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) DapaRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHoLEsALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 17. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SHEEP AND TALLOW, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Sheep, export ewes; and Tallow No. 1 stock rendered in bbls. (Average Price 1890-1899=100) DeparTMeNT OF LABOUR, CANADA. Wuouesate Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 18. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FOWLS AND TURKEYS, 1890-1909. (Average Prices 1890-1899—100) CHARTS. TIL—DAIRY PRODUCTS. 19. Dairy Products (all) and Milk. 20. Butter, Dairy Solids and Creamery Prints. 21. Eggs and Cheese. 13722—22 327 DEPaRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 19. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF DAIRY PRODUCE, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Butter (Creamery); Butter (Dairy); Cheese (Western Colored); Milk (f. 0. b. Montreal) ; and Eggs. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aos A A ae A oe hl ALL. MILK (F.O.B. Montreal)... DEPARTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA, ’ WHo.LesaLp Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 20° CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF BUTTER, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Butter, Creamery Prints, at Toronto; and Butter, Dairy Solids, at Toronto. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) BUTTER, Creamery Prints BUTTER, Dairy Solids DEPARTMENT or Lasour, CaNnaDA. Wuo.esace Pricns, 1890-1909; Cuartr No. 21. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CHEESE AND ‘EGGS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Cheese, Western coloured, at Montreal; and Eggs, storage, at Toronto. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aod oA oA A AW At ed CHARTS. IV.—FISH. 22, Fish—all. 23. Cod, Haddock and Halibut. 24. Mackerel. salt, and Herring, salt. 25. Salmon, canned, and Lobster, canned. 26. Salmon Trout and Whitefish. 13722—23 331 PARTMENT OF LABouR, CANADA. WHOLESALE airs 1890-1909; Cuart No. 22. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FISH, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Codfish, dry; Haddock, dry; Halibut, fresh; Herring, salted; Lobsters, canned; Mackerel, salted; Salmon, B. C. canned; Salmon Trout, fresh; Whitefish, fresh. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) ao 190 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 174 172 170 168 166 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 144 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100° 98 96 92 90 88 86 82 80 78 16 74 72 DepaRTMEntT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 23. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF COD, HADDOCK AND HALIBUT, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Cod, dry; Haddock, dry; and Halibut, fresh. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) coD HADDOCK ; FLADIBUT ccc ieee rece DEPARTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE. Prices, 1890-1909; Cuanr No. 24. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF MACKEREL, SALTED, AND HERRING, SALTED, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) MACKEREL, Salted HERRING, Salted - DerartMEeNnT oF Lapour, CANADA. Wuo.uesate Prices, 1890-1909; Caartr No. 25. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CANNED SALMON AND CANNED LOBSTERS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Salmon, canned, ‘Horseshoe Brand”; Lobsters, canned, A. N. Whitman & Sons, Canso, N. S. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) 190 190 188 188 186 186 184 184 182 182 180 180 178 178 176 176 174 174 172 172 ‘170 170 168 168 166 66 164 64 162 162 160 160 168 158 156 156 154 154 152 152 1650 150 148 148 146 146 1 44 142 142 140 140 138 136 136 134 132 130 130 128 126 126 124 122 120 120 118 118 116 116 11 114 110 110 108 108 106 106 104 104 102 102 100 100 98 98 96 96 94 94 92 92 90 90 88 88 86 86 84 84 82 82 80 80 78 78 76 76 14 74 12 72 70 70 DeEepPaRTMENT OF LAaBourR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 26. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SALMON TROUT, FRESH, AND WHITEFISH, . FRESH, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) | a o (e) SALMON TROUT WHITEFISH. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41, 42, 13722—24 CHARTS. V.—OTHER FOODS. Other Foods—Groceries, Fruits, Vegetables, &c.—all. Flour, straight rollers and strong bakers. Flour, Winter Wheat patents, and Manitoba first patents. Beans and Soda Biscuits. Coffee, Rio No. 7 and Santos. Tea, good common Japan. Apples, Peaches, and Pears. Grapes, Plums, and Bananas. Apples (evaporated), Currants, and Raisins. Sugar, granulated and yellow, and Molasses. Honey and Maple Sugar. Rice and Tapicoca. Salt, Pepper, and Vinegar. Soda and Cream of Tartar. Potatoes and Turnips. Canned Vegetables,—Corn, Peas, and Tomatoes. 337 16 DepaRTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. WuHo.LesaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 27. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF OTHER FOODS—GROCERIES, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, 1890-1909. Commodities included: (1) Groceries: Beans, Biscuits, Chocolate, Coffee, Cream of Tartar, Flour, ‘Honey, Maple Sugar, Molasses, Oatmeal, Pepper, Rice, Salt, Soda, Sugar, Tapioca, Tea, and Vinegar; (2) Fresh Fruits: Apples, Bananas, Grapes, Peaches, Pears, and Plums; (3) / "Dried Fruits: Apples, Currants, and Raisins; (4) Fresh Vegetables: Potatoes and : Turnips; (6) Canned Vegetables: Corn, Peas, and Tomatoes. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) OS oO ad DreparTMEeNT oF Lasour, CANADA. WsHoLEsALEe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr’ No. 28. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FLOUR, STRAIGHT ROLLERS AND STRONG BAKERS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) = o oS o aon At A A A A 0% FLOUR, Straight Rollers... FLOUR, Strong Bakers... DeparTMeNnT oF LaBour, CANADA. Wuo.ersats Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 29. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FLOUR, WINTER WHEAT PATENTS AND MANITOBA FIRST PATENTS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) 190 190 190 188 186 188 184 182 182 182 162 180 178 178 176 176 174 174 172 172 170 Winter Wheat ine 168 FLOUR, 168 ie FLOUR, Manitoba First ie 164 Patents oc. sccc states a a 160 160 188 158 156 156 154 154 182 152 160 150 148 148 148 146 146 4s 142 142 140 140 140 138 134 134 130 130 130 128 126 126 126 122 122 128 120 129 118 118 itd 114 i 112 110 110 110 108 108 106 106 102 100 100 100 00 98 98 96 96 22 92 92 92 = 88 6 86 86 86 2 82 82 83 80 80 78 78 76 76 74 7 72 72 70 Department oF LaBour, CANADA. Wuo.rsaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caartr No. 30. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF BEANS AND BISCUITS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aos oA SN eS Tt aS Oe BEANS BISCUITS, Soda : DrPaRTMENT OF Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cart No. 31. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF COFFEE, RIO NO. 7 AND SANTOS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) 166 164 162 160 168 156 154 152 150 148 COFFEE, Rio No. 7 —_———— iad -| COFFEE, Santos Seren 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 92 90 86 82 80 78 76 74. 72 70 62 60 58 54 52 46 DepaRTMENT OF Lapour, CANADA. WaoLesaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 32. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF TEA, GOOD COMMON JAPAN, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) DEPARTMENT OF LasBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 33. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FRESH FRUITS: APPLES, PEACHES, AND PEARS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) DEPARTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuant Noa. 34. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF GRAPES, PLUMS AND BANANAS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) Department or Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 35. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF DRIED FRUITS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) APPLES, Evaporated CURRANTS es RAISINS .... -.- .----------e-al- DsepaRTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricgs, 1890-1909; CHart No.-36. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SUGAR AND MOLASSES, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) SUGAR, Granulated SUGAR, Yellow. MOLASSES, New Orleans... DeEraRTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 37. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HONEY AND MAPLE SUGAR, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) Q oO aos A ow Wt wt eA DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CAaNaDA. WaHo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 38. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF RICE AND TAPIOCA, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) RICE TAPIOCA DspaRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHo.esaLE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 39. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SALT, PEPPER, AND VINEGAR, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aoe A oe A oT Tt et DEPARTMENT oF LABOUR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 40 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SODA AND CREAM OF TARTAR, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) ee ee DEPARTMENT OF LazsourR, Canapa. WaHo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 41. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FRESH VEGETABLES: POTATOES AND TURNIPS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) DEPARTMENT OF LaBourR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarnt No. 42 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CANNED VEGETABLES: CORN, PEAS AND TOMATOES, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) CANNED CORN ..... CANNED PEASG......... CANNED TOMATOES ...... 43. . Woollens, Cottons, Linens, Silks and Jutes. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 1872995 - CHARTS. . VI—TEXTILES. Textiles—all. Wool, Yarn and Knitted Underwear. Wool, Ontario, Washed and Unwashed. Raw Cotton, Grey Cottons, Coloured Cottons and Prints. Silk, raw, Japan and Italian. Spool Silk and Machine Twist. Flax fibre, tow and linen twine. Jute, raw, and Hessian. Oilcloths, floor and table. 353 10 D3EPaRTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. Waormsatn Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 43 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF TEXTILES, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Wool, Ontario, washed; Wool, Ontario, unwashed; Canadian Worsted 190 188 186 184 182 178 176 174 172 170 168 166 164 162 160 158 166 154 162 150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 11 112 110 108 106 104 162 100 98 96 92 88 86 82 80 78 76 74! 4-ply Yarn; Knitted Woolen Underwear; Beaver Cloth; Raw Cotton; Upland Middling; Grey Cottons; Woven Coloured Fabrics; Prints; Tow, coarse and fine; Flax fibre; Sewing fax; Raw Silk, Japan; Machine twist, Silk; Jute, first marks; Hessian, 10 1-2 0z., 40 in.; Table and floor oilcloths. (Average Price 1890-. 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 174 172 170 168 166 164 162, 160 158 156 154. 152 150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 74 DrEpaRTMENT or Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Priczs, 1890-1909; CHart No. 44 / CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF TEXTILES, BY GROUPS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Wool and Woolens; Wool, Ontario, washed and unwashed; Canadian Worsted Yarn; Knitted Underwear; Beaver Cloth; Cotton and Cottons: Raw Cotton Upland Middling; Grey Cottons; Woven Coloured Fabrics; Prints; Flax products: Tow, coarse and fine; Flax fibre; Sewing flax; Jute: Jute, first marks; Hessian, 10 1-2 oz., 40 in.; Silk and Silks: Silk, Raw, Japan and Italian; Spool Silk; Machine twist. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) > co wor WOOL AND WOOLENS.. COTTON AND COTTONS SILK AND SILKS... ........ JUTE AND HESSIAN FLAX FIBRE AND PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT OF Labour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 45 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF WOOL, ONTARIO, WASHED AND UNWASHED, 190 188 186 182 180 178 176 174 172 170 168 166 164 162 160 168 156 164 162 150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 122 120 118 116 11 110 108 106 102 100 98 96 94 90 82 80 78 76 74). 72 70 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899-—100) 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 ONTARIO WOOL, Un- 174 washed —— 172 ONTARIO WOOL, 170 Washed 168 166 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 146 144 142 140 136 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 65.3. DEPARTMENT oF LABouR, CANADA Wao psa.e Prices, 1890-1909; Coant No. 46 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF WOOL, ONTARIO; CANADIAN 4-PLY YARN; AND KNITTED UNDERWEAR, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) > o> co KNITTED UNDERWEAR DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CanaDa. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Coarr No. 47 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF COTTON AND COTTON GOODS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) RAW COTTON, Upland Middling GREY COTTONS WOVEN COLOURED DEPARTMENT or Lasour, CANADA. WHo.zsae Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 48 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SILK, RAW, (ITALIAN CLASSICAL AND JAPAN FILATURES,) 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) SILK, Raw, Classical SILK, Raw, Filatures DrpaRTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA. Wao esaLe Priczs, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 49 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SPOOL SILK AND MACHINE TWIST SILK, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) Pp BELDING’S Prize Medal 16 oz. Machine DeparRtMEnT or Lapour, Canapa. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 50. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF TOW, FLAX FIBRE AND LINEN TWINE, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) oOo oo a Q a2 oa Oo ao oO FLAX FIBRE... DePaRTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADS. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 51. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF JUTE, FIRST MARKS, AND HESSIAN, - 10 1-2 OZ. 40 IN., 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100)" aod A AW A TA A et JUTE, First Marks.._........ HESSIAN 10 1-2 oz. 40 in. DEPARTMENT oF Labour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricgs, 1890-1909; CHart No. 52. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF OIL CLOTH, FLOOR AND TABLE, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) FLOOR OIL CLOTH._.... TABLE OIL CLOTH....... CHARTS. VII—HIDES, TALLOW, LEATHERS, AND BOOTS AND SHOES. 53. 54, 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. Hides, Tallow, Leathers, Boots and Shoes—all. Hides and Tallow (all), Leathers (all), and Boots and Shoes (all). Hides, No. 1 Inspected Cows and Steers, and Tallow. Calfskins and Horsehides. Leathers, Spanish Sole and Slaughter Sole. Leathers, Harness and Heavy upper. Boots and Shoes. 13722—26 363 DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricgs, 1890-1909; Caart No. 53. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HIDES, TALLOW, LEATHERS AND BOOTS, AND SHOES 1890-1909. ‘Commodities included: Hides No. 1, Inspected Steers and Cows; No.1 Green Calfskins; Horse- hides; Tallow, rendered, No. 1 stock; No. 1 Spanish Sole; No. 1 Slaughter Sole, heavy; Harness Leather No. 1 N. 0; Heavy upper, leather; Men’s Split Blucher Bals, pegged; Men’s Box Calf Blucher Bals, G. W.; Women’s Dongola Blucher Bals, F. S. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) weowA KY Ft A Wn et et 182 180 178 176 174 DepaRTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. Wao esas Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 54. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HIDES, TALLOW, LEATHERS, AND BOOTS AND SHOES, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Hides and Tallow: Hides, No. 1 Steers and Cows; Calfskins, green, No. 1; Horsehides; Tallow, rendered, No. 1 stock; Leathers: Leather, No. 1 Spanish Sole; Leather, No. 1 Slaughter Sole, heavy; Leather, Harness, No. 1, N. 0.; Leather, heavy upper; Boots and Shoes: Men’s Split Blucher Bals, pegged; Men’s Box Calf Blucher Bals, G. W.; and Women’s Dongola Blucher Bals, F. S. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) HIDES AND TALLOW.... LEATHERS BOOTS AND SHOES WV 28a: ‘ilqe es DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 55. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HIDES, (No. 1 INSPECTED STEERS WS), AND TALLOW, (NO. 1 STOCK, RENDERED), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899=-100Y 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 HIDES 2 ee 174 TALLOW oe 168 166 164 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 146. 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 DEPARTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. Wuo esate Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 56. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HORSEHIDES AND CALFSKINS, (NO. 1 GREEN), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) HORSEHIDES CALFSKINS. DePaRTMENT oF LABour, CANADA. Wuo.esate Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 57 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF LEATHER, (NO. 1 SPANISH SOLE FOR JOBBING), AND LEATHER, (NO. 1 SLAUGHTER SOLE, HEAVY), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) for) co ee No. 1, Spanish ‘ole LEATHER, No.1, Slaugh- ter Sole. DepaRTMENT OF LaBour, CaNnaDa. WHo.esae Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 58. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF LEATHER, (HARNESS, NO. 1 N.0.), AND LEATHER, (HEAVY UPPER), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) eo A A on TW es LEATHER, Harness, No. 1, N.O LEATHER, Heavy DepaRTMENT or LABOuR, CANADA. Asean Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 59. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) om ne wo Ht Oo Cre ODA TH NOH wD OoMe-K O oonn°$’nreneneoaaonoenrémdoooqodogcrceooeoodoc$cs Oo n0onndoenonnnadd DTC DDH AHADAHAAACAARTAHAYA RD MH oO eori re we we mv re re rei ri ri ri rd ct rr rc rr rt wet re 190 |_| 190 188 |_| 188 186 186 184 184 182 182 180 = 180 178 178 176 MEN’S SPLIT BLUCHER 176 174 BALS, pegged... _......_. Sees 174 | 172 MEN’S BOX CALF 172 170 BLUCHER BALS, G.W..... _,170 168 WOMEN’S DONGOLA 168 166 BLUCHER BALS, F.S. .... ; | 166 164 164 162 162 160 160 168 158 156 156 154 154 162 152 150! |" file LZ 150 148 f 148 146 | / 146 144 / 144 142 / 142 140 [ 140 138 138 136 136 134 L 134 132 132 130 f |_|130 198 I 128 126 [ 126 124 [ 124 122 [ 122 120 L 120 118 Lf LA VF 118 116 VA [ L 116 114 i f Wa 114 112 L iF 112 110 Lf Trl 110 108 Fa 108 106 i “A 106 104 Lif 104 102 : 1 YW 102 100 Fa 100 96 96 94. 94. 92] 92 O01.) 90 88] | | i ; 88 a6/ [| 86 Ba} wi 84 82) 1 82 80 rl 80 78 |_| _| 78 76} | 76 T4| | foe des hi 74 72| | 72 701 70 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 1372227 CHARTS. VIII—METALS AND IMPLEMENTS. Metals and implements (all). Metals (all), and implements (all). Antimony and copper. Iron and steel. Iron: pig-iron, Canada plates, and tin plates, coke Bessemer. Iron: tin plates, (charcoal) and boiler plates. Iron: common bar, black sheets, and galvanized iron. Solder, lead, and silver. Tin, spelter, and zinc sheets. Anvils and axes. Horseshoes and mallets. Grindstones and sledge hammers. Soldering irons and vises, 371 13 eo DepartTMEntT or Lasoour, CaNaDaA. Wuo.esa.e Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No. 60. | CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF METALS AND IMPLEMENTS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Antimony; Brass; Copper; Pig Iron, (Summerlee); Pig Iron, (N.S.); ‘Iron, Common Bar; Iron, Black Sheets; Iron, Galvanized Sheets; Iron, Tinplates; Iron, Boilerplates; Lead; Silver; Solder; Speiter; Steel Billets; Tin; Zinc, Sheets; Anvils; Axes; Grindstones; Hammers, Sledge; Horseshoes; Mallets; Picks; Wood Screws; Soldering Irons; and Vises. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) So oO eA et FA A A OS DerpartMEeNnt oF LaBour, Canapa.: Wao.rsate Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No. 61 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF METALS AND IMPLEMENTS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Metals: Antimony, Brass, Copper, Pig Iron, (Summerlee); Pig Iron, (N.S.); Iron, Common Bar; Iron, Black Sheets; Iron, Galvanized Sheets; Iron, Tinplates; Iron, Boilerplates; Lead; Silver; Solder; Spelter; Steel Billets; Tin; and Zinc Sheets. Implements: Axes; Anvils; Grindstones; Hammers; Horseshoes; Mallets; Picks; Wood Screws; Soldering Irons; and Vises. (Average Price 1890-1899=100) METALS wn, IMPLEMENTS |... Department oF Lasoor, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricgs, 1890-1909; CHart No. 62. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ANTIMONY (COOKSON’S) AND COPPER, : (LAKE, CASTING INGOT), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) ANTIMONY ..........--.-------- COPPER: 22 ocensnetncarscensentesen DEPARTMENT OF LABouR, CANADA. Wo esate Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 63. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF IRON AND STEEL, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Pig Iron, Summerlee, No. 2; Pig Iron, No.1 Foundry, N.S.; Iron, Com- mon Bar; Iron, Black Sheets; Iron, Galvanized Sheets; Iron, Tinplates, Charcoal; Iron, Tinplates, Coke, Bessemer; Iron, Canada Plates, ordinary; Iron, Boilerplates; j and Steel Billets (N. S.) (Average Price 1890-1899—100) Qo oO DepaRTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. Wuotesate Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 64. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF PIG IRON, (SUMMERLEE, No. 2); IRON, CANADA PLATES, ORDINARY; AND IRON, TINPLATES, COKE, BESSEMER; 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 PIG IRON, Summerlee, ~ ue RON, 172 IRON, Canada Plates........ —_______ IRON, Tinplates, Coke, 170 Bessemer ...._....__.---.----- 166 164 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 | 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 92 90 88 86 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 Department or Laspour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 65 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF IRON, TINPLATES, (CHARCOAL); AND IRON, (BOILERPLATES), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) IRON, Tinplates, Charcoal IRON, Boilerplates .. ._...... DEPARTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 66 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF IRON, COMMON BAR, (BLACK SHEETS); AND IRON (GALVANIZED SHEETS), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aoe A A A A he IRON, Common Bar.......... IRON, Black Sheets IRON, Galvanized Sheets. DeparTMENT oF Lasour, CaNADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 67 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SILVER, LEAD AND SOLDER, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) SOLDER oo ones eee cee ceceees ee SILVER ecco corceessteneseonen DeparRTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 68 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF TIN, INGOTS; SPELTER (FOREIGN) AND ZINC SHEETS; 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) @ = AoW A A A as A et TIN ZINC, Sheets DEPARTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. Wnro.esate Prices, 1890-1909; Cuanr No. 69 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ANVILS, (WRIGHTS); AND AXES (STANDARD), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) ANVILS AXES DrEpaRTMENT oF LasBour, CANADA. WHoLESALB Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No. 70 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HORSESHOES; AND MALLETS (CARPENTERS’ . ROUND, HICKORY); 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) HORSESHOES MALLETS : Hiaeiaipabie or LaneuE, CANADA. Wuo.esaLp Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 71 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF GRINDSTONE (40-200 LBS); AND HAMMERS (CANADIAN SLEDGE), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) - eo A oA Ft A st hl GRINDSTONES....... HAMMERS, Can. Sledge... DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHo.esate Prices, 1890-1909; Coart No. 72 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SOLDERING IRONS AND VISES (WRIGHT’S), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) SOLDERING IRONS VISES, WRIGHT’S............ 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 13722—28 x CHARTS. IX.—FUEL AND LIGHTING. Fuel and lighting (all). Coal, Nova Scotia bituminous and Pennsylvania anthracite, and coke, Connelsville furnace. Coal and coke, Crow’s Nest Pass. Coal oil, Canadian and United States, standard. Calcium carbide and matches. 385 5 DepartTMentT or Laspour, CaNapDA. WuHo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 73. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FUEL AND LIGHTING, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Coal, Bituminous, N.S.run of mines; Coal, Bituminous, Crow’s Nest Pass; Coal, Penna. Anthracite; Coke, Connellsville, Furnace; Coke, Crow’s Nest Pass; Coal Oil, Canadian Standard, water white; Coal Oil, Canadian Standard, water white; Calcium Carbide; and Matches, Eddy’s Telegraph. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) ; DepaRTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. Wuo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 74 CHART SHOWING PRICES OF COAL, (N. S. BITUMINOUS); COAL, (PENNA. ANTHRACITE); AND COKE, (CONNELLSVILLE, FURNACE), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) COAL, Bituminous, N.S. Run of Mines_.............--. COAL, Penna. Anthracite_ COKE, Connellsville, Fur- DEPARTMENT OF LABouR, CANADA, Wuo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909: Cuart No. 75. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF COAL AND COKE, CROW’S NEST PASS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) COAL, Crow’s Nest Pass_... COKE, Crow’s Nest Pass... DepaRTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. Waotesae Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 76. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF COAL OIL, (CANADIAN STANDARD, WATER WHITE) AND AMERICAN (STANDARD, WATER-WHITE), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) COAL OIL, Canadian Stan- dard, Water White _____._. COAL OIL, U.S. Standard Water White DrpartmMEnt or Lazour, CANADA. Wuowesate Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 77. “CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CALCIUM CARBIDE AND MATCHES, (EDDY’S TELEGRAPH), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aod ow A A eT Oo hue 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 CALCIUM. CARBIDE........ eee 174 : 172 MATCHES cons a6 168 166 164 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76° 74 12 1 CHARTS. X.—BUILDING MATERIALS—LUMBER, MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MA- 78. 79. 80. 81. 82, 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94, 95. 86. 97. 13722—29 TERIALS, AND PAINTS, OILS AND GLASS. : Lumber—all. Pine and Pine Laths. Pine, good sidings (Ottawa) and No. 1 cuts (Georgian Bay). New Brunswick Spruce and Shingles. Birch, Maple, and Oak. Miscellaneous building materials—all. Bricks, common building and fire. Cement, lime, and plaster of paris. Nails, cut and wire. Pitch and Tar. Hinges and Soil Pipe. Wire Cloth and Wire Fencing. Paints, Oils, and Glass—all. Linseed Oil, raw and boiled. Benzine and Turpentine. Prepared Paints and White Lead. Paris Green and Venetian Red. Shellac and Varnish. Putty and Window Glass. Glue and Rosin. 391 20 DeparTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. WHo.rsate Pricgs, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 78. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF LUMBER, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Pine, Ottawa, good sidings, shipping culls, and box boards; Pine, Ottawa, average cut, all grades; Pine, Georgian Bay, No.1 cuts; Pine Laths; Hemlock; 'N. B. Spruce; N. B. Shingles; Birch; Maple (soft); and Red Oak. (Average Prices 1890-1899—100) DEPARTMENT OF Labour, CANADA. Wao .esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuartr No. 79 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF PINE, OTTAWA, ALL GRADES, AND PINE LATH, 1890-1909. « (Average Price 1890-1899—100) 320 315 310 305 300 295 290 285 280 : 275 PINE, all grades... fo 270 PINE LATH.................-...--- Poaceae meee 265 260 255 250 230 225 220 215 210 205 200 195 190 185 180 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 30 75 70 65 60 55 50 40 35 30 * Nore that vertical spaces in the above represent variations of 5%, whereas in other charts they represent variations of 2%. DreparTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No. 80 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF PINE LUMBER, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) PINE, good sidings, Ottawa PINE, No.1 cuts, Georgian Bay PINE, shipping culls, Ottawa PINE, Box Boards, Ottawa DerarTMENT oF Lasour, CaNava. WuHo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 81 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF N.B. SPRUCE AND N. B. SHINGLES, 1890-1909. Commodities included : (Average Price 1890-1899—100) N.B. SPRUCE... N.B.S INGLES... Swe DepaRTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 82 CHART -SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HARDWOODS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Birch, common and better, 1”, at Toronto; Maple, soft, common and better, 1”, at Toronto; and Oak, Red, plain, first and seconds, 1” at Toronto. (Average Price 1890-1899-—100) wow A DA AT et est het DepaRTMENT oF LaBowR, CANADA. Wro.esaie Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 83. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIALS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Bricks, common building; Bricks, fire; Cement, Canadian Portland; Hinges, heavy; Lime, high calcite; Nails, cut; Nails, wire; Plaster of Paris; Pitch, roofing; Sash Weights; Soil Pipe, 4 in., medium; Tar, Crude coal; Wire Cloth; and Wire Fencing. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) S ao o> ad ot mA DepaRTMEeNT oF Lasour, CANADA. Wao esate Prices, 1890-1909; Coart No. 84. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF COMMON BUILDING BRICKS AND FIRE BRICKS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) BRICKS, Common Build- ing BRICKS, Fire DeEpaRTMENT oF LaBour, CaNnaDa. WHOoLEsALb Priczs, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 85. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CANADIAN PORTLAND CEMENT, LIME AND PLASTER OF PARIS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) CEMENT, (Canadian Port- land DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricus, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 86. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CUT AND WIRE NAILS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) NAILS, Cut NAILS, Wire DepaRTMENT oF Lasour, Canapa. WHoLEsaLe Prices, 1890-1909; CHantr No. 87. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ROOFING PITCH (SYDNEY) AND CRUDE COAL TAR, 1899-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) ° DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CaNaDa. WHOLESALE Pricezs, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 88. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HINGES, HEAVY, AND SOIL PIPE, FOUR INCH» MEDIUM, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) HINGES SOIL PIPE DepaRTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Priczs, 1890-1909; Caart No. 89. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF WIRE CLOTH, (PAINTED SCREEN) AND WIRE FENCING, (GALVANIZED BARB), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) WIRE CLOTH WIRE FENCING DEPaRTMENT or LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 89. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF WIRE CLOTH, (PAINTED SCREEN) AND WIRE FENCING, (GALVANIZED BARB), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) 190 190 188 188 186 186 184 184 182 182 180 180 178 178 176 176 174 WIRE CLOTH ——_. 174 172 WIRE FENCING ee 172 170 170 168 168 166 166 164 164 162 162 160 160 158 158 156 156 154 154 152 162 150 150 148 148 146 146 144 144 12 142 140 140 138 138 136 134 132 130 130 128 126 126 124 122 122 120 120 118 118 116 116 it 114 112 110 110 106 108 106 106 104 102 102 100 100 98 98 96 96 94 94 92 92 90 90 88 88 86 86 84 84 82 82 80 80 18 78 76 76 74 74 72 72 70 70 DrparTMENT oF LasBour, CaNnaDa. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No. 89. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF WIRE CLOTH, (PAINTED SCREEN) AND WIRE FENCING, (GALVANIZED BARB), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) aA A Fe vA Tt A Oe WIRE CLOTH WIRE FENCING DepaRTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricns, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 90. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF PAINTS, OIL AND GLASS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Benzine, Canadian; Glue, Domestic broken sheet; Linseed Oil, raw and boiled; Paris Green, English and Canadian; Prepared Paints, 1st quality, pure; Putty; Rosin, white; Shellac, pure orange; Turpentine; Varnish, No. 1 Furniture; Venetian Red (dry colour); White Lead, pure, ground in oil; Window Glass, “Star” (first break.) (Average Price 1890-1899—100) Department or LaBour, CANADA. Waeruaias Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 91. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF LINSEED OIL, RAW AND BOILED, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) | ad ford co LINSEED OIL (Raw) LINSEED OIL (Boiled) DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; CHart No, 92. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF BENZINE, (CANADIAN) AND TURPENTINE, 1890-1909. . (Average Price 1890-1909—100) BENZINE ‘TURPENTINE DEpaRTMENT or Lasour, CANADA. Wuo.esate Pricss, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 93. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF PREPARED PAINTS (1ST QUALITY) AND WHITE LEAD (PURE, GROUND IN OIL) 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) PREPARED PAINTS WHITE LEAD CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF PARIS GREEN AND VENETIAN RED (DRY 190 188 186 182 180 178 176 174 172 170 168 166 164 162 160 168 166 154 162 160 148 146 142 140 138 136 132 130 128 126 122 120 118 l16 it 110 108 106 102 100 98 96 92 90 88 86 82 80 78 76 14 72 70 DeparRTMENT oF Labour, CanapA. Wao esa.r Priczs, 1890-1909; Coartr No. 94. COLOUR) 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) PARIS GREEN VENETIAN RED ............. [=] oO ew oA A A oA St 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 174 172 170 168 166 164 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 146 144 42, 140 138 136 134 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112° 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 14 72 70 D5paRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricus, 1890-1909; Coarr No. 95. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SHELLAC (PURE ORANGE) AND VARNISH (NO. 1 FURNITURE), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) SHELLAC VARNISH Wd DzEpPaRTMENT OF LABOUR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Pricss, 1890-1909; Cart No. 96. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF PUTTY (IN BLADDERS) AND WINDOW GLASS, “STAR,” FIRST BREAK, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) wow oA oA A Te eS oe WINDOW GLASS............ eens DeEparRTMENT or Lasour, CaNnaDa. WHOLESALE Priczs, 1890-1909; Caart No. 97. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF GLUE (DOMESTIC) AND ROSIN, 5 (WHITE) 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) CHARTS. XI—HOUSE FURNISHINGS. 98. House Furnishings—all. 99. Wooden Furniture and Tron Beds. 100. Crockery and Glassware. 101. Table Cutlery and Silver-plated Ware. 102. Pails, Tubs and Brooms. 13722—30 411 DepaRTMENT oF Lasour, CANADA. Wuotesarte Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No,.98 ~ CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF HOUSE FURNISHINGS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: (1). Furniture—Kitchen Chairs; Kitchen Tables; Dining Tables; Side- boards; Bedroom Suites; and Iron Beds; (2) Crockery and Glassware; Glass Tumblers; White Cups and Saucers; Printed Dinner Sets; and Printed Toilet Sets; (3) Table Knives;Silver-plated Knives and Forks; and (4) Kitchen Furnishings: Pails; Tubs, and Brooms. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) t a oo DEPARTMENT OF LaBourR, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Coarr No.99 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FURNITURE, 1890-1909. Commodities included: (1) Wooden Furniture—Kitchen Chairs; Kitchen Tables; Dining Tables; Sideboards; and Bedroom Suites. (2) Iron Beds. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) 190 188 186 184 182 180 178 176 174 172 WOODEN FURNITURE, ——____ is IRON BEDS. Se 166 164 162 160 158 156 154 152 150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 DzEparRTMENT OF LaBour, CANADA. WaHo.esale Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 100 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) TUMBLERS, Tank Glass... EARTHENWARE, White Cups and Saucers EARTHENWARE, Printed Dinner Sets. aR Department or Lasour, CaNnapDa. Wuo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 101 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF TABLE CUTLERY AND SILVER-PLATED WARE, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) TABLE KNIVES................ SILVER-PLATED KNIVES AND FORKS.. DEPARTMENT OF LaBour, CaNaDA. WaHoLesaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No.102 CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF KITCHEN FURNISHINGS, 1890-1909. | : (Average Price 1890-1899—100) - PAILS (Wooden) TUBS (Wooden). ss BROOMS ...............--.--------- 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 13722—31 CHARTS. XII—DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. Drugs and Chemicals—all. Alcohol and Methylated Spirits. Alum, Bleaching Powder, and Borax. Carbolic Acid and Copperas. Brimstone, Glycerine, Opium, and Quinine. Caustic Soda and Soda Ash. Muratic Acid and Sulphuric Acid. 417 DEPARTMENT OF Lazour Can. ‘ Waowesate Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 403. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF DRUGS AND CHEMICALS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Alcohol; Wood Alcohol; Alum; Bleaching Powder; Borax; Brimstone; Carbolic Acid; Caustic Soda; Copperas; Glycerine; Indigo; Muriatic Acid; Opium; Quinine; Soda Ash; Sulphuric Acid. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) DrpaRTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. Visonwanns Prices, 1890-1909; Coarr No. 104. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ALCOHOL, 65° O. P., AND WOOD ALCOHOL, 65° O. P. (METHYLATED SPIRITS), 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) ALCOHOL, 65° O. P._...... METHYLATED SPIRITS.. DEPARTMENT OF LaBouR, CANADA. Wao.esae Pricns, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 105. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ALUM, BLEACHING POWDER AND BORAX, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) ‘ALUM... é BLEACHING POWDER .. BORAX DzEPpaRTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. WHOLESALE Prices, 1890-1909; Caarnt No. 106. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CARBOLIC ACID AND COPPERAS, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) eo oA we A st CARBOLIC ACID COPPERAS DepaRTMENT oF LaBour, CANADA. Wnouesarz Prices, 1890-1909; Cuart No. 107. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF BRIMSTONE, GLYCERINE, OPIUM AND QUININE, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) BRIMSTONE GLYCERINE OPIUM QUININE DaparTMent oF Lasour, CaNaDa. Waoresae Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 108. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF CAUSTIC SODA AND SODA ASH, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) CAUSTIC SODA ................ ‘SODA ASH......... DeparRTMenT or Lasour, CaNaDa. Waotersap Prices, 1890-1909; CaHart No. 109. ‘ CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SULPHURIC ACID AND MURIATIC ACID, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) eo A A A Tt A MURIATIC ACID SULPHURIC ACID CHARTS. XITI.—MISCELLANEOUS. 110. Furs. 111. Liquors and Tobacco. 112. Malt, Whisky, and Ale and Porter. 113. Rope, Binder Twine, and Flax Rope. 114. Soap, Starch and Rubber. 13722—32 425 Or DEPARTMENT oF LaBourR, CANADA. Wuo.esaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 110. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF FURS, 1890-1909. Commodities included: Mink; Muskrat; Raccoon; and Skunk. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) - © Oo © oe oOo S&S S&S DEPARTMENT OF Lasour, CANADA. Waotesate Pricss, 1890-1909; Caart No. 111. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF LIQUORS AND TOBACCO, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1909—100) LIQUORS AND TOBACCO TOBACCO DEPARTMENT OF LABouR, CANADA. WaHo.ersaLe Prices, 1890-1909; Caart No. 112. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF MALT, WHISKY, AND ALE AND PORTER, 1890-1909. (Average Price 1890-1899—100) DEPARTMENT oF LaBouR, CANADA. Wuotnsate Prices, 1890-1909; Caarr No. 113. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF ROPE (MANILLA) BINDER TWINE (SISAL), AND WHITE LINEN ROPE, 1890-1909. (Average Price ' 1890-1899—100) ROPE(Pure Manilla, No. 2 BINDER TWINE, Sisal . FLAX ROPE DEPARTMENT oF LABour, CANADA. Wao.esace Prices, 1890-1909; Cuarr No. 114. CHART SHOWING RELATIVE PRICES OF SOAP, STARCH, AND RUBBER, 1890-1909. : (Average Price 1890-1909—100) . APPENDIX. MEMORANDUM ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDEX NUMBER OF COMMODITY PRICES, WITH A REVIEW OF IMPORTANT BRITISH AND FOREIGN INDEX NUMBERS, AND A STATEMENT RELATING TO THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN PRICES. 431 18722 — 33 I—THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDEX NUMBER OF COMMODITY PRICES FOR CANADA.* To measure fluctuations in the price of a single commodity over a given period of time involves only the inspection of a series of accurate quotations of the com- modity covering the period in question. But when it is desired to ascertain the gen- eral effect of the price-movements of two or more commodities, or even to compare the relative significance of changes in the price level of each, a new and different problem arises. It becomes necessary to contrive a method whereby facts so appar- ently remote from each other, if not incompatible, as, say, a rise in the price of milk measured by the quart, and a decline in the price of pig iron measured by the ton, may, in effect, be stated in the terms of a common denominator, and reduced to a single expression. * Bibliographical note.—In 1886, the British Association for the Advancement of Science appointed a committee consisting of Mr. S. Bourne, Professor F. Y. Edgeworth, Professor H. S. Foxwell, Sir Robert Giffen, Professor Alfred Marshall, Mr. J. B. Martin, Professor J. S. Nicholson, Mr. R. H. Inglis Palgrave, and Professor Sidgewick, ‘ for the purpose of investigat- ing the methods of ascertaining and of measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard.” The reports of this Committee, published in 1887, 1888, 1889 and 1890, especially the memoranda of Professor Edgeworth attached to the 1887 and 1888 reports, constitute the most exhaustive treatment extant of the subject of index numbers. An abridgment of these reports may be found in the article ‘Index Numbers’ in Palgrave’s ‘ Dictionary of Political Economy.’ The principles and limitations of index numbers are discussed in the Report of the Royal Commission on Gold and Silver, Great Britain, 1887-1888. See especially the evidence of Sir Robert Giffen and Professor Nicholson before the Commission. The cele- brated essays of Jevons, which, notwithstanding the earlier experiments of Newmarch, may be said to have established the index number as a scientific method, namely, ‘ A Serious fall in the Value of Gold Ascertained and its Social Effects Set Forth’ (1868) ; ‘Variations of Prices and the Value of the Currency since 1782’ (1865); and ‘The Deterioration of Gold,’ (1869) have been re-published in the volume, ‘ Investigations in Currency and Finance,’ issued in 1884. Giffin’s ‘ Essays in Finance,’ 1880-1886, especially the second series, are classic. Sidg- wick’s Principles of Political Economy, Book I., chapter 2, on ‘the definition and measure of value,’ contains a succinct view of the general problem. Nicholson’s ‘ Principles,’ Book 3, is similarly to be commended among recent works, especially for its concise discussion of the ‘ quantity theory’ of money. See also in the latter connection the same author’s ‘Money and Monetary Problems,’ 1895, Jevons’ ‘ Money and the Mechanism of Exchange,’ F. A. Walker’s ‘Money’ and Laughlin’s ‘Principles of Money.’ Bowley’s ‘Elements of Statistics’ devotes a chapter to index numbers. Matter appertaining to the more important index numbers, with which material of a general character is combined, will be found as follows: With regard to the Economist’s number, see the ‘Annual Commercial History and Review’ of that Journal, first published in 1864; publication of the index number was begun in the issue for 1869: Saurbeck’s index number was first published in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society for September, 1886 (q.v., page 581; see also the article published in the issue for June, 1893, page 215). Palgrave’s number is contained in an appendix to the Third Report of the Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the Depression in Trade and Industry, 1886 (see page 328 et seq.) The index number of the United States Senate Committee on Prices (1891), was published in a report issued in 1893, which includes an extensive introduction and a discussion of various index numbers by Professor Falkner. Soetheer’s ‘ Materialien’ (very authoritative) has been translated into English as an appendix to the Report of the Royal Commission on Gold and Silver, 1887-1888, and in the United States consular reports for 1887. A report of the British Board of Trade on wholesale and retail prices, published in 1902, contains a valuable memo- Tandum by Mr. Fountain on the construction of index numbers of prices. The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, the British Economic Journal, the Yale Review, the Quarterly Jour- nal of Economics, have articles by Professors Pierson, Edgeworth, Taussig, Flux, and others on the theory and practice of index numbers. Mayo Smith’s ‘ Statistics and Economies’ con- tains an illuminating chapter on the statistical treatment of prices. For further references, see the list of authorities appended to the article on ‘ Index Numbers’ in Palgrave’s Dictionary of Political Economy, and in the report of the British Board of Trade, 1902, on Wholesale and Retail Prices, p. 447. Still more extended_biblio- gtaphies are contained in Laughlin’s ‘ Principles of Money’ (p. 221) and Walsh’s ‘ Measure- ment of General Exchange Value’ (1901). Laughlin describes the latter work as ‘ quite the most thorough and systematic discussion of the whole problem yet made.’ The present memorandum is based on the above, and is designed to describe briefly the More important technical problems involved in the construction of an index number and how those have been met in the present report. 13722—33} 433 ie 434 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR The method usually adopted to accomplish this is the employment of index numbers. An index number is the ratio. between the price of a given article or number of articles at a given date and the price of the same article or number of articles at some other date or period selected as a base or standard. Percentages being purely relative expressions may, when reckoned on a common basis, be com- bined or compared in a way impossible with actual prices. For example: Mr. Sauerbeck’s index number for English wheat for the year 1855 is 137, and for the year 1885, 60. The base period: used by Mr. Sauerbeck is the eleven years 1867-1877. The meaning of these index numbers is, therefore, that in 1855 English wheat was 37 per cent above the average price which prevailed dur- ing 1867-1877, and that in 1885 it was 40 per cent below that average price. The actual prices of English wheat per quarter quoted by Mr. Sauerbeck in this connec- tion are:— s. d. Average, we pis Ate lee td ee et ee ee ewe ea! ‘ale “aaa Sle aa ee se ise ey Ree ai way ae ce a We 94 ely OZ 10 “Phawgh the term index eee’ is saaionenle naplegens as above by Mr. Sauer- beck, to denote the relative price of a single article, it more frequently implies a com- bination of such percentages, whereby a general judgement may be obtained as to whether on the whole prices have risen or fallen. It was, in point of fact, as above stated, because of its potentialities for combination, that the index number as an expression of prices was first devised. Thus, Mr. Sauerbeck’s index number for flour in 1885 is 63. By taking an average ef this number with the number given above for English wheat in the same year it is possible to say (assuming both commodities to be of equal importance) that the index number of wheat and flour in 1885 is 61-5. It may be added that the London Economist, whose index number is one of the most widely quoted, simply adds together the percentages of the various commodities and regards the sum as the index number. The usual method, however, is to reduce this sum to the form of an average by simple division. As an example of the manner in which index numbers of commodities may be combined in groups having something in common, as well as on general lines, Mr. Sauerbeck’s latest annual summary may be quoted§ :— SAUERBECK’s InDEX NuMBER, 1908, By Groups of CoMMODITIES. (Average prices 1867-1877—100). 1908. ON Average. 1. Vegetable food, corn, &c., (wheat, flour, barley, oats, ‘ + maize, potatoes, and PICON sera nadie ae USAT ee iY With 8 Index Deke aot n 2. Animal food (beef, mutton, pork, bacon, and butter eo 7? " 623 89 3. Sugar, coffee and tea.......... cece eee woo 4 Sie 0 191 48 DG TAD Sane seein ico cee Baeera eles oe Agee 1371 | 72° 4. Minerals (iron, copper, ‘ion: lead and coal)... re a 7 " 623 89 5. Textiles (cotton, flax, hemp. jute, wool and ‘silk). raeeeta ges uv 8 wo 498 62 6. Sundry materials (hides, leather, tallow, oils, soda, 11 800 73 nitrate, indigo. and timber)..............0... ...00. : " BHO; MGIB Sy oice seein desea nepUaRd a becca u 26 " 1,921 74 General average.......0..00.0.02 vevececeseee ceeee) on 45 Pa 3,292 73 § Journal of the Royal Statistical Society March, 1908, p. 74. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 435 This table simply means that the amount of money for which certain quantities of forty-five different commodities could be bought in England in 1908 bore to the amount which would have been required to purchase them at the average prices of 1867-1877, the ratio of 73 to 100. Continued from year to year, such a calculation enables one to read at a glance the extent of the upward or downward tendency of prices, both for certain groups of commodities and for the list as a whole. : Uses of Index Numbers. The uses to which index numbers, representing a proper selection of commodi- ties and constituting a scientific apparetus for determining changes in price levels, may be put, are varied. Briefly they may be stated under two main headings: 1. The praatical wse.—Variations in prices affect all classes and individuals in the community. Their effect upon producer, dealer and consumer is immediate, and the ability to measure a general rise or fall in prices is for a variety of reasons of first importance in the economic and social world. To take an obvious instance: That earnings and prices should move simul- taneously and on parallel lines is essential, not only to stability of relations as be- tween capital and labour, but to general economic well-being. If wages do not follow a rise in prices, suffering may be involved for the labourer through the enhanced cost of living; on the other hand, if prices fall and wages remain unchanged, the cost of production on account of wages may become disproportionate and the crippling of industry may result. Socially, a failure to adjust earnings to prices may have far- reaching results;.as when a fall in grain prices leads to the abandonment of farms, or a rise in bread prices breeds political revolution. Alison attributes the fall of the Roman Empire to low prices. From this cost of living standpoint, retail prices form the most effective basis for estimating changes, as being subject to variations on account of local or special conditions and as representing in any event the actual cost of commodities to the consumer. Again, on general trade and speculation, and, to go back a step further, on the process of production, the effect of rising or falling prices is immediate. A baro- meter of price changes, especially of certain articles like iron and coal, furnishes an excellent indication of current trade and industrial activity, and means, therefore, of judging future conditions, For this purpose wholesale price statistics, as being the more sensitive to general trade conditions, are preferable to retail. é The whole question of the practical value of index numbers has been dealt with by Sir Robert Giffen, in the now classic series of reports of the committee appointed by the British Association in 1886, ‘for the purpose of investigating the best method of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard,’ in the following terms* :— The main practical uses for which the measurement of variations in a monetary standard has been desired appear to be the following :— : 1. The fixation of rents or other deferred payments extending over long periods of time, for which it has been desired to obtain a currency of a more stable sort than money is supposed to be. This has been a practical question of great importance from the days of Fleetwood’s ‘ Chronicon Preciosum ’ which begins, as is well known, with a remarkable case of conscience—whether a man in order to receive a bursary or scolarship, for which a declaration that his private income does not exceed, say, five pounds a year, is required, is Justified, the value of money having fallen proportionately, in making the declaration upon an income not exceeding thirty pounds a year. In recent times there is at least one instance of a different standard from metal being deliberately substituted on a large scale, viz., the tithes averages, these being made to vary with the value of grain, so that in effect the tithe is so much grain, and not so much money. The Scotch Fiars prices have existed for more than two centuries for similar purposes. . ; é 2. To enable comparisons to be made between the value of money incomes in different places, which is often an object of great practical interest, not only to individuals contem- plating residential changes having to consider it, but governments and other large spending bodies, spending money in widely distant places, having to do the like. Apart from directly ._* Report of the fifty-eighth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1888, page 181. 436 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR business issues of this sort, such questions are of obvious practical interest to economic students, and through them to the general public. 3. To enable historians and other students making comparisons between past and present to give an approximate meaning to the money expressions which they deal with, and say roughly what a given fine, or payment, or amount of national revenue or expenditure in a past age would mean in modern language. T'o the student of history from the economic point of view some such method of giving a meaning to money expressions is indispensable. The above, it will be seen, contemplates the providing of a measure of (1) future payments; (2) payments at the present time but at different places; and (3) fayments made in the past.§ All three involve, theoretically, the use of retail prices, and the commodities covered should be those of ordinary consumption combined according to their relative importance. 2. The money theory use-—The point of view above described involves no theory as to the cause of any change in prices which the index number may reveal. There is, however, a second use of index numbers which invades the realm of the theory of money, its specific object being to ascertain the extent to which the quantity of gold or other monetary standard in circulation may affect the general purchasing power of money. This use of the index number is chiefly celebrated on account of the brilliant series of essays by Jevons which appeared in 1863-9, in which, by an elaborate calcula- tion, he endeavoured to ascertain the effect of the gold discoveries or 1848 on general prices in England. The use of an index number for this purpose predetermines certain features of its construction, as will be noted in passing further on. It involves, also, some knowledge of the demand which the several articles make respectively upon the currency.t The Construction of an Index Number of Commodity Prices for Canada. In the present report the object has been to construct, in conformity with approved principles, an index number of prices for Canada covering the past twenty years. It may be added that, as explained in the introduction, it is the intention to carry the number forward from month to month in future in the Labour Gazette, the official journal of the department, and that the basis on which the investigation into the past has been conducted was framed with that intention in view* as well as with the obvious one of throwing a much needed light on perhaps the most widely dis- § In concluding its investigation the committee recommended the passing of an Act to» provide for the establishment on an official index-number with the express purpose of making it lawful ‘in all contracts for payments in money to express that the payment is to be made for a given year in the proportionate index number for that year........ in such sum of sterling money as will correspond in respect of the sum contracted to be paid to the pro- portion which the proportionate index number bears to the par index number.’—Reports, 1890, p. 488. ° t The general problem sought to be solved by index numbers in this connection is des- cribed by Bowley (Elements of Statistics p. 218) as follows :— “The problem, of which index numbers should give the numerical solution, may be com- pared to that presented to astronomers who estimate the mctions of the sun by observing those of the stars. As the sun and earth move towards some distant point, say in the con- stellation Hercules, the stars have an apparent motion, due to the unperceived motion of the observer; those in the region of space towards which he is travelling. appear to be spreading out; as the distances separating them gradually subtend wider angles, while those in the region from which he is moving appear to close together and those in directions perpen- dicular to the line of movement appear to move backward. Meanwhile all these stars have their proper motions, as rapid as that of the sun, but in as many directions as there are stars. On the whole there is a trend in thedirections determined by the sun’s motion, but in individual cases this trend is entirely lost. So when a change in the currency has a general influence on prices, this influence is concealed by the movements due to causes affecting only some of the commodities. In both cases it is possible to find the general trend, if sufficient accurate observations are available. In both cases the problem is complicated by the possi- bility of links connecting the movements of groups of the stars or of the prices.’ *JIn 1890, it may be noted, the Committee of the British Association recommended that governments should...... direct existing Departments of State, to collect a sufficient number of prices officially, to publish their prices officially, to deduce one or more index numbers froin them, and to publish the variations in these index numbers annually or at more fre- auent periods.’ British Association, Reports, 1890, p. 485. . WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 437 eugsed economic phenomenon of the present—the rise of prices of the past twelve ears. With regard to the purposes which the number, past and future, is expected to serve, it may be said that these are generally of the practical nature mentioned above, that is, to afford a means of measuring tendencies in the cost of living and an interpretation of the current trade situation as reflected in prices. For the former purpose, as already pointed out, retail prices are theoretically preferable. The present investigation, however, is confined to wholesale prices, because of their greater availability and accuracy, and because over long periods they show fairly enough the general trend of living expenses.t In any event, they are to be preferred for the second object of the present index number—that of affording a barometer of industrial and commercial change. In the notes which follow, the various problems encountered in the construction of an index number are briefly described in order, a statement being added in each ease of the practice adopted in the present report. Problems Involved. The construction of an index number of this kind involves three main problems: 1. The selecting of the commodities to be included in the number; 2. The obtaining of the quotations; and 3. The reducing of the statistics to a form which will show the relative signifi- eance of variations and which will permit of the combining of the quotations to show general movements. (1.)—The Selecting of the Commodities. The selecting of the commodities to be included in the index number, though placed first on the list of problems, is determined in part by consideration that fall to be discussed under the second and third of the above headings. In the first place, as Professor Edgeworth remarks in this connection, beggars cannot be chosers: the availability of statistical records must sometimes determine what records are to be ehosen, Again, when the question of the ‘weighting’ of the different commodities comes to be discussed, i.e., the allowance to gach of its relative importance, it will be seen that the number and distribution of the quotations play a large part in cer- tain contingencies, and the method of calculation adopted must accordingly be allowed to exert a reflex action on the choice of commodities on grounds entirely of technical exigency. Regarding for the moment the question of selection as apart from these consider- ations, and recalling the remarks above as to the purpose of the number, it may be stated that the choice of commodities in the present case has been made on the gene- ra] principle of having the index number as representative as possible of the more im- portant phases of Canadian production and consumption. The double viewpoint of production and consumption secures the inclusion of the main articles of import and export. A question which any attempt to realize this end brings up at once is the ques- tion of the class of commodities to be included, more particularly whether both raw, materials and manufactured articles shall be quoted. The point has been much debated. Notwithstanding the many difficulties involved in including manufactured articles (chief among which is the absence of permanent standards—an especially for- tIt may be explained that the eost of living aspect of current price variations is more fully covered in the Labour Gazette in a series of monthly returns of retail prices received from forty-six leading centres of population throughout Canada. Upwards of thirty staple ‘varieties of foods are quoted in these returns in a way to reflect actual consumption condi- tions. A statement with regard to rentals is also given for each of the localities, the whole being interpreted by the application of a typical family budget. : _On the general subject of the suitability of wholesale prices as compared with retail, see British Association Reports, 1888, pp. 183-4. : : 438 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR midable difficulty in Canada) their inclusion on a conservative basis in an inquiry like the present seems imperative. In the case of a large number of commodities, the manufacturing process represents practically their entire cost to the community. As Mr. Fountain remarks, the value of a watch spring is scarcely affected by the fluctua- tions in the cost of pig iron.* It is impossible, of course, to extend the list of com- modities so as to include the countless specialized forms of manufactured articles de- manded by modern consumption. But they may at least be represented. In the pre- sent number the effect of tendencies incidental to the manufacturing process are pre- sent in about 40 per cent of the quotations. Having determined the class of commodities to be quoted, what shall be their number? The question shades very gradually from the foregoing. Practice in this respect has varied widely. The Economist number represents 22 commodities; Jevons’, 39; Sauerbeck’s, 45; Falkner’s, 223; that of the United States Department of Labour, 261; and Dun’s, 350. On the one hand it would seem that the ideal index number should include each and every article entering into consumption; on the other hand, apart from the plain impossibility of this, the labour of calculation and the danger of error: must be restricted. The impossibility of covering every article increases the risk, in the case of a list extended beyond a certain point, of laying undue emphasis on particular lines. The report of the Committee of Finance of the United States Senate on Wholesale Prices, issued in 1893, included 23 quotations of pocket knives out of a total of 54 devoted to metals and implements, and three quotations of salted mackerel out of a total of four for all kinds of fish. While it is true that prices tend to vary in groups, it is clearly better, where possible, to obtain a fairly diversified list (i.e, comprehensive and typical in the true sense of the term) and to stop at a point where the selection begins to involve repetition or overlapping on any considerable seale.§ The number of articles cited in the present inquiry is 230, though it may be pointed out that in a few instances—for example, in the case of cotton goods—the quotations represent the average of a large number of distinct lines. sd The groupings of the commodities and the general principles governing the selec- tion of the several lines quoted have been indicated in the introduction and need not be repeated here. . (2) The Obtaining of Price Quotations. ‘Wholesale prices may be obtained from three main sources: (a). They may be taken from the records of actual transactions in the books of commercial firms, or from the published lists of reliable trade journals or other recog- nized authorities. (b) The declared values of important articles of import or export may be taken and divided by the total quantities to show an average price. (c) The contract prices paid for standard supplies by large public institutions, such as hospitals, government departments, prisons, &c., may be selected. * Fountain, however, argues strongly against the inclusion of manufactured articles. The standard objection to the entire omission of manufactured articles is that of Professor Nichol- son, namely. ‘that the system of treating raw materials as typical of all articles of consump- tion—as many of the most celebrated index numbers of the world do—fails to take into account the fact that the improvement in efficiency of labour has been much less marked amongst the agricultural and extractive classes than among the highly skilled classes employed in the manufacturing process, though the former’s wages, having been drawn upward by the increase among the more skilled classes, are proportionately as important a factor in deter- mining the price of the product of their labour,: thus accounting for the fact that prices of finished goods tend to fall during a depression to a greater extent than those of raw ma- terials.’ The reply has been made to this that the economies in transport have been as important as the economies in manufacture, and that the cost of transport affects raw com- modities more in proportion to their value than it does the relatively higher priced finished article. The wages of labour being more stable than the price of raw materials tends to curtail the fluctuations of manufactured articles in comparison with raw materials. § For example: Sheepskins are not included in the present number under the heading . “ Hides, leathers, &.’ Unplucked, their value is determined largely by the price of wool; | plucked, they follow very closely the fluctuations of lower grade leathers. The number of articles under ‘ Hides, leathers, &.,’ namely 11, was considered sufficiently large, relatively to the total number included in the investigation. : WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 439 In the present inquiry dependence has been had entirely on the first of these. sources. For the more important raw materials and staple products the large daily papers of the better class compete in securing accurate market reports, while the recognized trade journals are under a similar stimulus in the case of the more special- ized lines. The practice followed throughout the investigation was, in the first place, to collect and collate the best available published information, and to submit the result for verification to long established firms at the wholesale centre in question. The second source has been employed for verification purposes in the case of a few important raw materials imported by manufacturers direct from the primary world market and in which there is no wholesale trade in Canada. Statistics of this kind have the advantage of showing what is actually paid for commodities, whereas market quotations must often represent an average quality and not necessarily the total or even the largest sales. On this ground they have the endorsation of the British Association. The third method is not employed at all in the present investigation. Inquiry showed that in a number of cases the prices quoted to publi¢ institutions do not always reflect current trade conditions, but may, like retail prices, be swayed violently by local or particular circumstances. For example, the price paid for anthracite coal by a large institution in Ontario showed no change throughout the period of the 1902 strike in the Pennsylvania mines. In a later year a sudden and remarkable decline was explained by the outbidding of the first contractor by a second desirous of securing the additional business and advertisement which the contract involved.* The primary requisite of a series: of price quotations of a given commodity is that they apply to exactly the same quality throughout the period covered. It is clear that if, under the heading of wheat, we have at one time one grade quoted and at another time a different grade, the table is for comparative purposes meaningless, This is a difficulty which is peculiarly liable to occur when manufactured articles are included. Sudden changes in style, cost of production, and market conditions gen- erally, account for this. In Canadian textiles, for example, little or no attempt has been made to fix standards. In the case of woollen fabrics, variations in the quality are as frequent as, if not more frequent than, changes in price. S > 8s &® FSF &© & &® © GB SB > F&F F&F G&G &© & io © wo oa ao =I = H a on an g - os ow - S 2 = gs on Oo on oO or o a Oo “a co) oO O° a °o ont oO o S a 003! OVe. [OOI==LLSI Burimp saowg aouiay] ‘TAQVUL lO GUVO AHL GNV ‘MODINAAVS “SNOATC a0 SUSMNWON XHGNI AHL NO dasva *“AUNLINAO HLINGALANIN FHL ONINONd NIVLIUM LYVauD NI SHYOIUd AO DSHNOO AHL ONIMOHS LYVHO 18722—35 464 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Hamburg Prices.—Soetbeer’s, Kral’s and Conrad’s Index Numbers. On the continent of Europe, the most celebrated studies of prices have been those based on the extensive and trustworthy data furnished by the Bureau of Commercial Statistics of Hamburg, Germany. The statistics relate to import prices, but are of exceptional value owing to the fact that, Hamburg being a free port, and declared values being based on ruling Hamburg prices, they show very accurately and with a wealth of detail the prices prevailing on the Hamburg Exchange. They cover over 300 articles and go back to the year 1847. Unfortunately for statistical purposes, the entry of Hamburg into the German customs union in 1888 greatly curtailed the range of this material, a record of the goods coming in by land being no longer kept. Efforts, however, have been made, not without success, to maintain the comparability of the later and earlier figures. The best known index number founded on Hamburg prices is that of Dr. Adolf Soetbeer, published in 1886. It covers the period 1847-1885. The number includes the prices of 100 articles quoted from the publications of the Hamburg Bureau, to which are added a few important food prices obtained from the records of public institutions in Hamburg. Altogether Soetbeer’s number covers 114 articles, divided into the following eight groups:—(1) Products of agriculture; (2) animal and fish products; (8) southern products; (4) tropical products (exclusive of cotton); (5) minerals and metals; (6) textile materials; (7) miscellaneous articles; and (8) British articles of export. Food products and raw materials bulk largely in the list. The base period is 1847-50, and the number is unweighted. Notwithstanding the difficulty involved in the continuation of Soetbeer’s tables, owing to the change of 1888, Dr. Heinz, Director of the Bureau of Commercial Statistics of Hamburg, has extended the investigation as far as 1891. The following table shows the course of the number as thus extended from 1847 :— TABLE SHOWING THE COURSE OF PRICES AT HAMBURG, GERMANY, FROM 1851 TO 1891, BASED ON SOETBEER’S INDEX NUMBERS. [Number of Articles—114.] [Average Prices, 1847-50=100.] Year. Relative price. Year. Relative price. 7 Sb nes ae a eee ee cy MOOT WB72.. 6. ee ce ee ce ee ee we 185-62 TSbS gee ae ae Aes See 10169 ASIB ae Aee SS AS Nore ke SO BR OS 186.38 x85. BS deg el ae ae ID 6S Whi ae beds eo dna as no 18620 1B 5digo a vee ee eae, eo oe eo GB15 Piece, OI os OR hla ey 1 29:85 1855 iaein ee BSS ae Gel wt DO: 1896. arcaike aaTiak Bie wake ais eer ADB -98 WB56.. ee ee ee ce ee ee ve 198-27 IBV i ag eee ae ae San ee ee TO TBST ics ud hod pberdey a oe Se | 180eTT I878.. 0. 6. ce ue ce ee ae ee 120-60 1858... ewe ee ee ee ee ve 148-52 W879... ck ee ce ee ee ae we 117-10 1859 a Goce Sori avces ee ao | TCA 1880... 2. 0 ee ee ee ee ee ee 121-89 1860... ce ee ee ce ce ee ae 120-98 TSStie se satek i oe xe Goad T2107 WW6L.. 2. we ee ee ee ee ee ee 118-10 1880 craton sedan AA ae OO ad TRG8 is Zo eee. aoe ea be ws AD BECD: 1888.0 6. ce ec ce ae ae ee ce 122-946 1863.0 0. ce ce we ee ee ee 125-49 1884. ee ee ce ee ee 11485 1864x> ended oie Be ep 0B TSR hs ae sued ot Ae ae he cee 108072 TSOD 3k. oy fds BR Ae ES dete Hl ADOBE. W886... ce ce ce ce ae ee ee 108-99 1866.0 60 6 ce le ce ee ee ee 125-85 PIGBT uc ao Wa. dyes aie ly 10202 TSO Gh els Bh Bi ots Odea VSB. ee ce ce ee ce ee we 102-04 1868 x5. oes ch? beh re cle See 1199 TSO sas Sate de ty th ee 0b 1869... we ce ee ee ee ee ve 128-88 1890.0 6. 0. ce ce ce ce ee ee 108-18 T8205 cantar ee tio BS west, LODE VOL. ce ce ee ce ee oe 109-19 Leis na Wer ay eas Bens ee WHOLESALE PRIOES, 1890-1909 465 The above statistics may be represented graphically as follows:— CHART SHOWING COURSE OF PRICES AT HAMBURG, GERMANY, FROM 1851 To 1891, BASED ON SOETBEER’S INDEX NUMBES. [Number of Articles—11}.] [Average Price, 1847-60=100.] YOO VEOD 1 [ tl t t 1 1 1 I 1 1 { 1 i 1 1 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 LS 12 10 os 06 O4 o2 oo 98 9 Dr. Heinz has also constructed an independent number on a different basis from that used by Soetbeer. This is now continued from year to year in the annual publica- tions of the Hamburg Bureau. _ i Another notable analysis of the Hamburg prices is that of Dr. Franz Kral, whose primary object was to throw light on the monetary condition of the German Empire. His analysis embraces 265 articles for the period 1847-1884, the year 1871 in which silver was demonetized in Germany being taken as the basis. Kral’s group- ing is different from that of Soetbeer but no material change in results is shown. The index number of Professor Conrad, of Halle, also based on Hamburg prices, covers forty-seven articles, the period 1847-1870 being taken as a standard. Conrad’s number rose to 106-1 during the period 1871-1880, but dropped again to 93°82 in 1881-1885; to 83-32 in 1886; to 81°18 in 1887; to 77°85 in 1888; to 68°52 in 1896 and to 67-08 in 1897. In 1898 it had risen to 72-86. An earlier German economist, Drobisch, is cited by Fountain as furnishing the first example of a weighted index number. Drobisch published in 1871 an essay on methods of calculating changes in commodity prices and gold values. His proposal was to divide from year to year the total value of certain articles dealt with in a par- ticular market by the total quantity of these articles and to compare results. The — method is that of fluctuating weights in a simple form.* Price Statistics Collected by European Governments. Statistics of prices over a more or less extended period have been collected by ' the governments of Germany, Austria, France and Italy.‘ The German government’s statistics date from 1879, and cover thirty-seven articles, in thirty leading markets throughout the empire. The quotations are furnished by Chambers of Commerce or similar kodies. In Austria, a volume issued ‘in 1890 by the Finance Department, for *For a review of the other German investigations of Laspeyres, Paasche and Van der Borght, see Laughlin’s ‘ Principles of Money,’ p. 190 et seq. 13729353 466 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR the purpose of assisting in the.study of the monetary question, contains price quota- tions for a limited number of articles in thirty-three localities, from 1830 to 1890. In France, comprehensive statistics relating to import and export prices are avail- able. A permament commission of over 100 members, has jurisdiction in the determin- ing of values, and the results are regarded as in every way authoritative. The Sta- tistical Bureau of Italy published in 1886 a volume dealing with the prices of certain food products for the period 1862-1885. The Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1899, contains a comprehensive series of quotations for the years 1871-96. Of all of these it may be stated that the general tendency shown in the course of prices does not differ materially from what has been illustrated in the foregoing charts and tables.t+ United States Index Numbers.—Index Number of Finance Committee of the United States Senate. History and method—The United States Senate undertook in 1891, through its Committee of Finance, an extended investigation into the history of prices and wages in the United States, with special reference to the effect of the tariff laws thereon. The investigation covered the period from 1840 to 1890, and the result was one of the largest collections of statistics ever made under a uniform system. Two hundred and twenty-three series of quotations, including prices of manufactured articles as well as of raw materials, were presented in a continuous record back to 1860; while a record back to 1840 was completed for eighty-five articles. The general purpose of the committee was to ascertain ‘through accurate and adequate statistics of prices the changes which have taken place in the condition, as shown by the relative pur- chasing power of their earnings, of the great mass of the people in the country for the half century which has just closed” The committee did not attempt to point out the effect which legislation may have had from time to time in producing these changes, but limited its inquiry to the collection of facts with the greatest possible degree of accuracy. The prices used were wholesale prices, taken either directly from the books of merchants and manufacturers or from trade journals. The year 1860 was chosen as the base or standard year as representing a period in the industrial development of the United States midway between the methods of production prevailing before the civil war and those which came into use later, and as being a period of comparatively normal prices. The commodities were divided into eight groups, namely:—(1) food; (2) cloths and clothing; (3) fuel and lighting; (4) metals and implements; (5) lumber and building material; (6) drugs and chemicals; (7) house furnishing goods, and (8) miscellaneous. ; Three distinct index numbers were calculated by the committee for each year, two of them weighted and the third unweighted. In the determining of the weights for the former, occurs the first practical illustration met in the present review cf the ‘budget’ method of fixing weights, of which an outline was given in passing above. Whatever its shortcomings as a system of weighting, the details in the present instance are of exceptional interest. In the quest for the necessary basic information, the result of a previous in- vestigation by the United States Department of Labour for the purpose of discovering the values of the more important articles consumed by what might be regarded: as a + An abstract of the statistics gathered by the above mentioned European governments down to 1890 may be found in Professor Falkner’s report contained in the report of the U. S. Committee of Finance on wholesale price and wages, 1892, pages 200-324. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 - 467 typical family in the United States were made use of. In obtaining these results details had been collected as to the principal expenditures of 2,561 families, all of the working class. These had been subjected to analysis and a process of averaging with the following result :— DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE FOR 2,561 NORMAL' FAMILIES. Per cent. Group. of Expenditure for. each purpose. TOE. nace dd Vin C6 ASEM STRS ON EA MRAEEOR AKER SIGE BOWES WENT OEE wa oS 15°06 MOGA FAs hie ea eee AE ERE A Gaus HE Je heed arb aie dD astbenlaanls ee Suse daeay A eetas ee 41°03 Puli.ccssie agaeseery ieapaete shane e rare ap Ree Ae eae ag Nae es 5°00 Clothing isc ces gine @ eedlaeg ale ainea yale siiee die eatin cae Meneses ek) eee 15°31 Trig hiti nS fsjee os lesierneteteng weeds SAE UGS ae oWande Moreesas eaieeg syeneeclans ddan od “90 Allether purposes .2i. av semeaveesads 44 9H ROA Re At Sy atic ft 22°70 100°00 As already explained, a result like the above is incapable of immediate applica- tion to a list of wholesale commodities. It was necessary, therefore, for the com- mittee to secure more specific data as to the distribution of expenditure within the several groups. An additional investigation was accordingly undertaken by the com- mittee itself into the budgets of 232 families. The statistics thus secured, showing the relative weight in consumption of each article contained in the family budgets, were applied to the various articles in the index number, a method of grouping being resorted to where the articles were found not to have identical descriptions. The weights thus obtained were used for each year of the period, though based on the consumption of families in 1891. The statement of the Department of Labour showing the distribution of ex- penditures, includes, it will be seen, under the items ‘rent’ and ‘ other purposes, an important field of expenditure which was not covered by the Senate Committee’s investigation. Herein arose the necessity for a double weighted number. The first number of the committee’s report assumes that rentals and the commodities coming mittee’s report. The first number assumes that rentals and the commodities coming under the heading of ‘ other purposes’ remained unchanged throughout the period. The second leaves these features out of consideration altogether. Results——The following table shows the final results of the committee’s investi- gation. “468 2 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR TABLE OF INDEX NUMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE COMMITTEE, 1840-1891. Year. All articles simply averaged. All articles averaged according to im- portance, certain expenditures being considered uni- form, All articles averaged according to im- portance, compris- ing 68°60 per cent. of total expendi- diture. 116°8 115°8 107°8 101°5 101°9 102°8 92°2 96°2 Seees CONTIWNNNOWHRsAI e655 0002 00 SCO OO 105°0 94°4 The following chart shows the course of the unweighted mean from 1846 to 1890. cs WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 469 Cuart Showing Course of Wholesale (Currency) Prices in the United States, 1840- 1891, based on Falkner’s Index Number. [Number of Commodities—228.] [Average Prices for 1860=100.] OAANMTHORDAA AMT go ttrtsrgs to ony DODOHDONDHH OHO HOW aS ee me 215 210 205 200 195 190 185 180 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 470 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR A convenient summary of the foregoing table by periods of five years is found in the following :— TABLE OF INDEX NUMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE COMMITTEE BY FIVE YEAR PERIODS, 1840-1891. Periods. All articles simply All articles averaged according toim- portance, certain Allarticles averaged — according to im- portance, compris- averaged. - expenditures being] ing 68°60 per cent ) considered uni-| of total expendi- form. ture. 1840-44 os ba done cies tee tie a sateen tay 108'8 93°9 91°0 TS45 249) i cadeag aun: saath! nu iacne oa 1032 93°3 90-1 1850254 sc. 2eueced nd eee ts so. sia aes 106°6 99°4 99°4 1850-0055 (na code deda Gata eeeers oat da eed 108 °2 107°1 110°3 DEE a ahs KO Geia aie ws mad Sree es 131°5 114°0 120°5 VSG 0269 sig isos a @istiegeig wteiee ater se ses 178°8 156°5 182°4 VSTOH74 sis ie chs seas seas ane ee tala ee 137°5 123°6 134°4 ISTO 1 icaicc tid iasaiemese) Behe ciasaiea 110°9 108°9 112°9 VSB0=H84 cas, dic serauicg Bivvcses ae Ante yd elgg Sos 105°3 104°4 106°3 ASB5 OG iis hw eae an sielshiceraw ale sree weaieatne 93°2 96°7 95°2 ROO LON ic dite ae tiead silo ¥dede inka cneaas os 92°3 96°0 94°1 The influence of currency depreciation is held accountable in a large measure for the inflation of prices between 1861-68. the above table has been reduced to a gold basis as follows :— TABLE OF INDEX NUMBERS OF YEAR PERIODS, 1840-1891. In order to eliminate this disturbing factor UNITED STATES SENATE COMMITTEE, ON GOLD BASIS, BY FIVE- 1840-44 Periods. 1845 -49.. 20.0... Allarticles averaged according to im- All articles averaged All articles simply | portance, certain re toimpor- averaged. expenditures being 68°60 pak conk of ea PLS red ae total expenditure. 108°8 93:9 as 103°2 93-3 a 106°6 99-4 oa 108 °2 107°1 110°3 108°1 95°3 99'5 118-7 103°9 120°5 121°8 109°4 118°9 103°8 102°0 105°7 105°3 104°4 106s 93°2 96°7 95°2 fae 96°0 941 It will be seen from the foregoing that measured in currency the highest range in prices is found in the period between 1865-1869, but that measured in gold the maximum is found in the succeeding period of five years. Another noticeable fea- ture is that in 1890 and 1891 prices were shown to be lower in the United States than at any other time since 1850. The following interesting analysis of the prices of American agricultural pro- ducts treated separately is given. The table covers the fifteen staple products of American agriculture, namely, barley, clover seed, corn, cotton, flax seed, hemp, hides, beeves, hogs, sheep, oats, rye, timothy, tobacco and wheat. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 , 471 TABLE OF RELATIVE PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, IN GOLD, 1860-1891. Simple average of | Weighted average Year. 15 products ot 9 products (from Table 33.) (from Table 35.) 100°0 100°0 91-7 104°2 128°5 172°4 121°7 170°3 167°1 ~ 243°7 90°0 97°3 122°6 : 132°5 127°3 135°1 124°8 129°3 119°8 120°9 121°1 107°7 1d? 3 115°3 118°4 113°9 117°7 106°0 123°4 123°5. 112°1 116°8 102°0 91°9 104°2 96°5 97°0 89°7 98°4 911 109°9 102°9 121°1 1171 114°4 120°3 100°3 102°9 104°7 100°8 93°9 87°9 96°5 °87'5 94'°9 89°6 95°7 93°6 91°3 86°5 97.4 93°7 97°1 98°4 In the matter of wages, the investigation showed that the general level was approximately 60 per cent higher in 1891 than in 1860 and approximately 75 per cent higher than in 1840. With regard to hours, on the average the eleven hour day of 1860 was found to have given place to the ten hour day in 1891. In the year 1900, Professor Falkner, the statistician of the committee, issued a continuation of the above report, which brought its results to the middle of 1899. — The base period, in this supplementary investigation, was changed to 1890-1892, and the simple average method of weighting was modified to the extent of combining the similar articles to form one index number in calculating the numbers for the several groups and in calculating the final number for all commodities. The number thus derived showed a slight rise, namely, 102 to 103-1, between January, 1890, and Octo- ber, 1890; thereafter there was an almost continuous decline to 79-9 in July, 1897, after which the number rose to 86-5 in January, 1899, and to 92°9 in July, 1899, Index Number of the United States Department of Commerce and Labour. - History and method.—Ten years subsequently to the exhaustive investigation of the Senate Committee, outlined above, the United States Department of Commerce and Labour, which had assisted materially in the collection of the data for the com- mittee, set on foot a somewhat similar inquiry into the course of prices from 1890 to 1901. The investigation has been repeated from year to year since, and has had the practical result of bringing the Finance Committee’s results up to the present, though no attempt to collate findings has been made. In a number of instances it was found impossible to secure quotations for commodities included in the report of the committee, many articles which were covered in the earlier inquiry having ceased to be important factors in the market, and others having disappeared entirely from 472 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR production. On the other hand, several articles not traced in the earlier report were found to have become of sufficient importance as to render necessary their inclusion in any study of later prices. Altogether 250 series of quotations were obtained for the entire period covered and an additional eleven for some portion of the period. The commodities were divided into nine groups as follows :— Number of Commodities Group. Quo Warm produce sc. swine ns ay sues eos eae ae a Gok 16 POO Sie cai ie e8 Sek ae Sie ae ee A Se RR RE SS EO 54 | Clothsand clothing. o.026 25a ae, Meee Owe SS 76 Fuel and lighting... .. 2. 6. fc ec ee ee ee ee ne ne 13 Metals and implements... .. .. 2. 6. 1. ce ee ee ee ee ee 39 Lumber and building material.. .. 1. 1. 1. 1. ee ee ee we 27 Drugs and chemicals.. 2... 6. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 9 House furnishing goods... .. 2. 1. 6s ee ee ee ee ee ee et 14 Miscellaneousinc sy 2.5 eee idea 4S. SO ES eG ee oe 13 The index number is unweighted, the simple average of the relative prices being taken to show the general level. Results—A summary of the index numbers obtained, arranged according to the groups above mentioned, is as follows :— TABLE OF INDEX NUMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, 1890 TO 1908, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES. D Lumber Cloths Metals Farm Fuel and and Year. Food, &c. and pny and sae : Products. Clothing. Lighting. Implements. tage ma- 110°0 112 4 1135 104°7 119°2 111°8 121°5 115'7 111°3 102°7 1117 108°4 111°‘7 103°6 109°0 ~ 4101'1 1060 102°8 107°9 110°2 197°2 100°0 100°7 101°9 95°9 99°8 96'1 92°4 90°7 96°3 93°3 94°6 92°7 98 1 92°0 94°1 78°3 83'8 91°3 104°3 93°7 93°4 85°2 87°7 911 96°4 86°6 90°4 96:1 94-4 93:4 95° 86°4 95°8 100°0 98°3 96°7 105°0 114°7 105'8 109°5 1042 106°8 120°9 120°5 115°7 116°9 105°9 101°0 119'5 111°9 116°7 1909s Sarde tas ceaars hoe 130°5 111°3 102°0 134°3 117°2 118°8 ABs oedas oa aadoaends 118°8 107°1 106°6 149°3 117°6 121°4 1904s oe cas chaan aos eae 1262 107°2 109°8 132°6 109°6 122°7 W908 ce es oy aS erces neue ae 124°2 108°7 112°0 128°8 122°5 127°7 BERIT cee kde eesrsw ait tose 123°6 112'6 120°0 131°9 135°2 140°1 D907 oii ocrandes bask anak vacates 187-1 117'8 126°7 135°0 143°4 146°9 M90 iss ccd de Bias gs ehea oh a 133°1 120°6 116°9 130°8 125°4 1331 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 473 TABLE OF INDEX NUMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, 1890 To 1908, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES. Drugs House en All | Veer. : Sethe, | ae| aneis) SORE 110-2 Wid 110°3 112'9 103°6 110-2 109°4 111-7 102'9 106°5 106°2 106'1 100°5 104°9 105°9 105°6 98°8 100-1 99°8 96-1 87°9 96°5 94°5 93°6 92°6 94:0 91-4 90 4 944 | 898 92°1 89°7 106°6 92-0 92°4 93 4 “ure -95°1 97°7 1017 15-7 106-1 109°8 110°5 115-2 110°9 107°4 108 5 114-2 112-2 41 112-9 112°6 113-0 113°6 1136 110.0 11:7 111-7 113-0 109'1 109°1 112°8 115°9 101°2 111-0 121-1 1225 109°6 118-5 127°1 129°5 110°4 114°0 119°9 122'8 474 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR The following chart shows the course of all commodities in the United States, according to the latest return of this investigation, from 1890 to 1908:— CHART SHOWING COURSE OF PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES, BASED ON THE INDEX NUMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENTS OF LABOUR, 1890 To 1908. [Number of Commodities—261.] [Average price for 1890 to 1899=100.] 1690 1891 1892 (893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 98 96 94 92 90 €8 The returns are further analysed according as they relate of raw materials or manufactured articles as on the following page. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 475 CHART SHOWING COURSE OF PRICES OF RAW AND MANUFACTURED COMMODITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, BASED ON THE INDEX NUMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, 1890 To 1908. [Average Price for 1890 to 1899=100.] 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 .1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1908 706 1907 PRICES 136 ecco AVY wee new MANUFACTURED 476 DEPARTMENY OF LABOUR Retail Prices in the United States. As supplementary to the investigation above-mentioned by the United States Department of Commerce and Labour into the actual living expenses of normal families, a valuable collection of statistics was made in 1908 relating to retail prices. The statistics, as in the case of wholesale prices, covered the period 1890-1902. They have been similarly continued from year to year since. Some thirty articles, all being foodstuffs, are included. In the first instance the information was collected from over eight hundred retail merchants in sixty-eight localities scattered over thirty-three states of the union. Altogether over 5,800 schedules or statements of prices were secured. These were reduced to a system of index numbers, two numbers being caleu- lated, one a simple average and the other weighted in accordance with the relative importance of the commodities as shown by the previous investigation into actual expenditures. The two results show very little difference, the unweighted mean for 1907, the latest year for which returns are available, being 120:7 and the weighted mean being 120:6. The method of applying the weights is illustrated in the following table, which will also serve to show the articles covered and the price-level attained by each in 1907 :— TaBLE Illustrating the Method of Computing the Relative Retail:Price of Food in the United States in 1907, the Various Articles being Weighted According to Average Consumption in 2,567 Workingmen’s Families. : Relative Relative. Article. ‘ Importance. Price. Result. Fresh beef..... Oa OMae mahi ae Gaieeean, 6 telgata amid 1,531 119°9 183,566'9 Salt: beef ia svcd cadet pane he cadena cay Sie weet eee peer 161 114°1 18,370°1 Wreshichog’ products ia ase sie hcrale seanciaraln iewra.c. 5 dae # acbegi sw gce erste ktacees 429 142°5 61, 132°5 Saltshoge productSisnniis dade nenadesans erwtda en eaei weaned .anea. see 425 143°1 60,817 °5 Other Meatixasswwssagcdre we sewke eae te wha eee pauieb Cae wE 299 127°6 38,152°4 FPO balm Gal tii Asics etek hearts Gesstece ro arautee atte, Ano aeons 2,845 127°3 362,039 4 Poultry ci canes artes gaat eee Maga eee 290 1414 38,106°0 BLS Lays econ sda adn lay izes Uahtaneed seston Giese Aaa ad feud ana UE a Des 245 121-1 29,6695 EBS i use cccek boxes ikynag pares geese esos eee ne es ete oh eRES 514 137°7 70,777'8 MER iia sara weoacr- oh ene aetna whine aa aa te Mena abaat eat tt 652 116°8 76,153°6 Butters. sscgia Read bag naiireahitecdanles Baur hea eahbe se WES, hase as 880 127°6 112,288 °0 : 80 123°2 9,856°0 286 134°2 - 38,381°2 162 105°3 17,058°6 - ‘ i 328 950 31,160°0 Sugar. : saaee widens 482 99°6 48,007 2 Molasses: ccccuven debe gy nal gehen ee suoud # ood bicbe He eaiucetr sin screed 52 107°7 5,600°4 Flour and meal heats 513 122°3 62,739 °9 BLA wi eicticy mn ab sdals Meine aoe an Inelya liek endee a Mamaian 4.0 ese 381 104°5 39,814'5 RiGee ais Vege deel ds eerees” Lasts ob Shae Behe eee s aameeRe 63 108°5 6,835°5 SANG ld rc a a tin oan ew Sete oe Ping SRA BO ee een 395 120°6 47,637 °0 EYUlbrics cunts yon Sese cee aad cau tea evant ay ipsa ei facet ag eo 505 106°5 53,782°5 Vinegar, pickles, and condiments.... .........- Sie Sasrgian. Reb 126 104°5 13,167 °0 Toeal, except meat......... eect kara ees aestcianaes sna ae Gea 5,954 117°7 701,034 °7 Other food sisi cusiazdiwiais pee ohare emt a ada paar e Sa ok teat 624 117°7 73,4448 Meath sc. iccecae scaatladnte gate ga inandd sae aniee deen Doaio Daas garg ere 2,845 127°3 362,039°4 Grand totals cies. adadeaeecas a danieledaaes ox eras Saad 6,423 120°6 1,136,518 '9 In the following chart the dotted line illustrates the course of retail prices in the United States as shown by the department’s investigation. For comparative purposes a line showing the course of the wholesale prices of the same commodities is inserted: WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 477 CHART SHOWING COURSE OF WHOLESALE AND RETAIL PRICES OF FOOD IN THE UNITED STATES, SIMPLE AVERAGES, 1890 To 1907. [Number of Articles—s0.] [Average Price for 1890 to 1899=100.] prices |(890 (891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 #22 WHOLESALE, 9000 ~00rttrrr Reral. From this chart it is apparent that both wholesale and retail prices of food in the United States were higher in 1891 than in 1890, the wholesale, however, showing a much greater advance; both wholesale and retail prices were lower in 1892 than in 1891, the decline being much greater in wholesale than in retail; both were higher in 1893 than in 1892; both lower in 1894 than in 1893; both lower in 1895 than in 1894; both lower in 1896 than in 1895, the decline in wholesale being much greater than in retail; both were higher in each of the years from 1897 to 1902 than in the year im- mediately preceding; wholesale prices were lower in 1903 than in 1902, while retail prices remained on the same level; wholesale prices were slightly higher in 1904 than in 1903, while retail prices made a more marked advance; both wholesale and retail prices were higher in 1905 than in 1904, both higher in 1906 than in 1905, and both higher in 1907 than in 1906. 478 DEPARTMusv OF LABOUR Dun’s Index Number. History and method—The mercantile agency of R. G. Dun and Company, New York, issued in January, 1901,'a series of index numbers extending back to 1860, which have been continued monthly up to 1907. The commodities quoted number 850, divided into seven groups, namely, (1) breadstuffs; (2) meats; (3) dairy and garden products; (4) other food; (5) clothing; (6) metals, and (7) mis- cellaneous articles. The wholesale price of each article on the opening day of each month is made the basis of the calculation. The method of calculation is of a novel character. At the outset, the object of the number is defined as to show ‘the cost of a year’s supplies of all the necessaries of life for a single individual.’ The index number in the case of each article and group is the actual amount in dollars and cents required to purchase a yearly supply or budget at the date named.' No further explanation of the list of articles included in the number is given than the following statement published in Dun’s Review of September 7, 1901:— Breadstuffs include many quotations of wheat, corn, oats, rye and barley, besides beans and peas; meats include live hogs, beef, sheep and many provisions, lard, tallow, &e.; dairy and garden products include eggs, vegetables and fruits; other foods include fish, liquors, condiments, sugar, rice, tobacco, &.; clothing includes the raw material of each industry, and many quotations of woolen, cotton, silk and rubber goods, as well as hides, leather, boots and shoes; metals include various quotations of pig-iron, and partially manufactured and finished products, as well as minor metals, coal and petroleum. The miscellaneous class embraces many grades of hard and soft lumber, lath, brick, lime, glass, glassware, turpentine, hemp, linseed oil, paints, fertilizers and drugs. With regard to the method of calculation the following statement is made:— After selecting a list of articles covering all the necessaries of life, includ- ing whisky, beer and tobacco, each quotation is multiplied by the quantity annually consumed by each inhabitant, as nearly as may be ascertained hy statistical records. While these figures cannot be considered exact, the approxi- mation is sufficiently close to attain the desired result, and the ratio being con- stant the comparison with different dates shows to a cent the rise or fall in cost of living. In many cases a large number of quotations are averaged in order to secure a representative price for the commodity, thus avoiding the special effect on one particular grade of exceptional conditions. Both raw materials and manufactured products are included, preventing the exces- sive influence of speculative operations in the former, since markets for finished products are more stable. In these cases the per capita consumption is so pro- portioned as to avoid duplication. Using quantities representing the per capita consumption gives each com- modity its proper value. It would obviously be useless to take an equal quantity of each article, since a sharp rise or fall in the price of something little used might more than balance the change in a commodity of large daily requirement. Hence, this proportional distribution makes the index number show clearly the cost of living at various dates by giving due regard to the relative importance of each article. No luxuries are included beyond silk and tobacco, which are of such general consumption as to be practically essential to a faithful record. Results —The latest statistics published by Dun and Company up to the present are contained in the following table:— _WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 479 Bread i is " : Greed | Monts, [Dairy and) Other | Glothing. | Metals. | Miscella-) poo $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1860, Jan. 1... 23,652 10,084 14,169 8,978 22,094 26,082 16,572) 121,631 1864, Sept. 1... 46,138 17,789 29,426 29,562 91,667 61,964 36,191 312,737 1870, Jan. 1... 29,076 15, 255 21,178 16,240 32,986 27, 682) 23,056 165,473 1875, Jan. 1... 26,048 11,932 17,832 14,546 25,718 22,833 18,869 137,578 1880, Jan. 1... 22, 955 9,206 14,007 11,873 22,673 25, 002) 16,963 122,67!) 1883, Jan. 1... 16,342 9,432 14,304 8,996 18,081 15,085 14, 245 96,465 1888, Jan. 1... 18,565 8,920) 15,030) 10,340 15, 140 17,330 14,577 99,902 1889, Jan. 1... 18,195 8,705 14,670 10,480 15,170 17, 360 14,496 99,076 1890, Jan. 1... 13,765 7,620 12,675 9,935 14,845 16,240 15,111 90,191 1891, Jan. 1. 19,725 7,810, 16,270 10,215 14,135 15, 875 14,217 98,247 1892, Jan. 1... 17,700 7,895 13,180 9,185 13,430 14, 665 23,767 89.822 1893, Jan. 1... 15,750 9,315 15,290 9,595 13,900 15, 985 14,320 94,155 1894, Jan. 1... 13,530) 8,655 13,945 8,945 12; 880 14,565 13,512 86,032 1895, Jan. 1... 14,311 8,359 12,196 8,607 11,886 12,026 13,6097 80,992 1896, Jan. + aa 11,380) 7,540 10,969 8,893 12, 787 12,803 13,403 77,780 1897, Jan. 11,729) 7,327 10, 456 5,170 12407 13,014 12,399 75,502 July His) 10,587 7,529 8,714 7,887 13,808 11,642 12,288 72, 455 1898, Jan. 13,511 7,336 12,371 8,312 14,654 11,572 12,184 79,940 1899, Jan. i oi 13,816 7,520 11,458 9,096 14,150 11,848 12,540 80, 428 1900, Jan. 1... 13, 254 7.958 13,702 9,200 17,484 18,085 16,312 95,295 1901, Jan. 1... 14, 486: 8,407 15,556 9,504 16,024 15,810) 15,881 95,668 1902, Jan. 1... 20,002 9,670 15,248 8,952 15,547 15,375 16,793 101,587 1908, Jan. 1... 17,104 9, 522 14,613 9,418 15,938 7,185 16,576 100,356 1904, Jan. 1... 17,102 8, 138 15, 287 9,653 17,316 15,887 16,759 100, 142 Feb. 1... 17,988 8,203 15,078 9,665 18, 129 15,774 17,191 102, 028 Mar. J.... 20, 116 8,528 14,547 9,469) 17,916 15,849 17,190 103,615 Apr. 1.. 18, 940 8,496 15,369 9,603 17,773 15.268 17,083 102,482 May 1.. 18, 692: 8,226 15,401 10, 268 17,425 15,360 16,836 102,208 ‘June 1... 19, 525) 8,330) 13,156 10, 396 17,158 15,437 16,954 100,951 1... 18, 244 9, 033 10,648 10, 406 16,514 15,428 16,919 97,192 edhe 18,251 8,831 10,689 10,376| 16,622 15,491 16,967 97,227 . 1, 18,471 8,46° 11,274 10, 575) 16,732 15,503 16,819 97,342 » 1 18, 462 8,586 12,033 10, 513 16,617 15,291 16,892 98,394 podews 18,791 8,23" 12,880) 10, 430 16,714 15,389 16,989 99,431 Dec. 1... 18,033 8,209 13,828) 10,521 17,006 15,972 16,985 100, 554 1905, Jan. 1 .. 18,278 7,950 18,948 10,699 16,319 16,188 16,936 100,318 Feb. 1... 18,082| 8,031 13,656 10, 816 16,887: 16,170 17,400 101,042 Mar. 1... 18,075: 8,417, 14,103 10,661 16,916 16,339 17,428 101, 939 Apr. 1... 17,719 8,599 12,268 10,572 16,984 15,668 17,391 99, 206 May 1.. 16,408 8,727 T1813 10,508} 17,058 15,760 17,290 97,564 June 1... 17,978 8,899 10,777 10, AT7 17,380 15,786] 17,462! 98,759 July 1... 18,831 8,614 9,9>2 9,922 17,986 15,916 17,061 98,312 Aug. 1 .. 17,270 8,711 12,121 9,924 18,453; 16,141 17,226 99,846 Sept..1.... 16,669: 9,001 22, 187 9,896 18,912 16,385 17,258 100, 308 Oct. 1.. 16,850) 8,355 12,863, 9,732 18,775; 16,576 17,275 100, 426 Nov. 1... 18,033 8,441 14,802 9,622 18,839) 16,689 17,427 103,853 Dec. 1.. 17,298) 8,512) 14,911 9,833 19,136 16,972 18,650 105,312 1906, Jan. 1.. 16,554 8,426 14.399 9,822 19,313) 17,141 18,809 104,464 Feb. 1... 16,058 8,690 13,977 9, 688 19,139: 17,042 19,417 104,011 Mar. 1... 15,715 9,152 13,644) 9,626 19,015 16,973 20,079 104,204 Apr. 1.. 16,294 9,385 14,738 9,419 19, 125 16,927 20,228) 106,066 May 1... 17,050 9,293 13,842 9,464 19,192 16,948 20, 268 106,059 June 1... 17,379 9,452 14,350 9,477 19,123 16,591 20,417 106,749 July 1... 17,923 9,677 12,599) 9,645 19,177 16,640) 19,555 105,216 Aug. 1... 16,434 9,712 11,968 9,760 18,970 16,736) 19,355 102, 985 Sept. 1... 19,259 9,600, 13,328 9,757 18,854 17,033 19,406 104, 287 Oct. 1. . 16,216) 9,351 13,977 9,789 18,935 17,426 19,491 105, 235 Nov. 1... 16,627 9,38 + 14,535) 9,840 19,175 17,595 19,527 108,683 Tec. 1... 16,347 9,279 15,919 9,877 19,488 17,929 19,333; 108,172 1907, Jan. 1... 16,079 9,350 14,965 9,760 19,637 18,087 19,336 107,264 Feb. 1... 16,389) 9,693 14,411 9,804! 19,798 18,162 19,109} 107,366 Mar. 1... 17,478} 9,673 15,727 9,767 20.000 18,135 19,133 109,913 April 1... 16,983 9,629 14,792| 9,817| 19,997 14,372 19,305, 107,895 May 1 18,165) 9,641 14,461 9,824 20,094 17,524) 19,242 108,955 calculated on the following system of weighting. 13722—36 Bradstreet’s Index Number. History and method.—Bradstreet’s index number, which dates from January 1, 1892, and is based on quotations for 107 commodities divided into thirteen groups, is The index taken for each article 480 DEPARTM aN Ur LABOUR is the cost of one pound weight of the commodity at the date named. The average price per pound of the items in each group forms the index number of the group and the sum of the thirteen group indices is the final index number. The defect of this method is that it gives an overwhelming importance to the fluctuations of the higher priced commodities, an importance which is scarcely overcome by the inclusion of a larger number of the inferior and cheaper articles. A variation of a few cents per pound in the price of silver is of very minor importance compared with a similar variation per pound in iron. In like manner, under the heading of textiles the varia- tions of silk tend to overwhelm the variations of wool, jute and flax. The number, nevertheless, corresponds in the main with the other American numbers of the past twenty years. Results—A complete table of Bradstreet’s index number from 1892 up to the beginning of the present year is as follows:— BRADSTREET’S APPROXIMATE PRICE INDEX NUMBERS. Jan. April July Oct. Jan. April July Oct. Jan. April July Oct. Jan. April July Oct. Jan. April Oct. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 48T. BRADSTREET’S APPROXIMATE PRICE INDEX NUMBERS-—Con. 1908. (eebel.| WARe Asse sesacasas 9,.2310 . 38022 . .2167 . 3157 . 8016 . 8960 . 4573 . 5039 . 5906 coma Gd pMmMAenm DWH The groups that make up the index number are set out in the following table :— —- July 1, | Mar.1, | Jan. 1, Dec. 1, Jan. I, 1896. 1907. 1909. 1909. 1910. $ $ 8 $ 8 Breadatuths: ices. agliisaieeeh ole Biel whee Moms tei 0°0524 0°0817 00983 0°1014 0°105 Trive Stock as scsccsece sai et sevice seta P Ain werneRanoas “1855 “3315 “3365 *4010 “4010 Provisions 1°3619 2°1049 2°0765 2°3187 2°3577 TRU tS sii5oie aidse ciieca tanks: wate po enwn mn ae saat ‘1210 "2003 *1439 1657 *1695- Hides and 1eathe?.ocg4 525 sewed ba mnanvews nawee’ “8250 11975 1°2075 1°2875 1:2850- TOxtilest cg svaied asusauuciiaactaar snes sear] L5799 2°7369 2°3622 2°7351 2°7333- Metals:adacd wciieasareh. batnasuare aay i sa Gen es *3757 "8466 6774 5950 “6208. Cosliand Gokéii ie... cages apcvarsesiosaaess Seale g 0048 0080 “0063 “0070 “0069 OU: cca eneniouianeols) Biante coats eek eaten “2082 “3428 “3882 3753, 3728 INS VALBCOPEB! va.ccite "eases sete arledin dts laan eerie gee “0402 “1170 “0654 “0898 “0938 Building materials............. 0 62 cece sees 0716 0906 “0834 0827 *0827 Chemicals and drugs........0..0 . 20s seeeeeeeeee 6607 70°38 6368 5958 “5958 MMincellaneows.....: evevescus G4eheueraran overs’ “2150 * 3632 “2807 83712 4067 Ot peed enna Peas Age ke HOTS 5°7019 9°1293 8° 2631 9° 1262 9°2310 The latest number of Bradstreet, that for January, 1910, it will be seen, estab- lishes a new high record surpassing the previous high record of March, 1907, by 1-1 per cent, and surpassing that of January 1, 1909, by over 11 per cent. The Economist number during the same period showed an advance of 9 per cent. Com-. pared with the comparatively. low point of June, 1908, an increase of nearly 20 per cent is shown. The lowest point for commodity prices shown by the number is: July 1, 1896, compared with which the latest figures reveal a gain of more than 61 per cent. Commenting on this, Bradstreet’s Journal remarks :—‘ Standards of living with a variety of other conditions have changed since those days of economic inertia when the price situation was not only profitless but ruinous as well.’ 13722—364 III. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN PRICES. With the increasing use of index numbers during the past few years the state- ment is frequently met, that such and such an index number indicates the change in eost of living, the effect of such and such a cause, &c. Enough has been said in the foregoing, in pointing out the difficulties of calculating an index number and the imperfections that must result, to demonstrate the need of caution in accepting, in matters of detail, the results shown by the most carefully constructed number, how- ever confidently its general finding may be received. The fact that several of the most authoritative numbers. differ in detail while agreeing in the main, is in itself sufficient to confirm this. In brief, the accuracy of an index number is a matter simply of the general. law of probability. The whole, therefore, is more to be relied upon than the part. It is the part, however, that is usually called into requisition for specific deductions of the kind referred to. These deductions will, for the most part, take two directions: first, as to the causes of the changes shown, and, second, as to the effect of the changes on the com- munity at large, or on different classes, or on individuals. When it is possible to say that prices have risen or fallen, that goods are dearer or cheaper, it seems easy to add that the rise or fall was due to certain contemporary circumstances, such as the monopo- listie control of industry, a decline in productivity, a variation in the supply of the precious metals, &c., or that certain persons or classes are better or worse off than before. This, however, as already said, is to overlook the fact that a process which may be sufficiently comprehensive to measure general changes scientifically may not be of a kind to uncover — more particular points involved in the discovery of causes and consequences. In the following aon a brief analysis is given of the general problem of the investigation of the causes and effects of price changes, with special reference to the upward movement during the past twelve years. (A.) Causes of Recent Variations in Prices. The primary object of the present inquiry has been throughout to afford an accurate and comprehensive view of the movement of prices in Canada during the past two decades. No attempt has been made to deal with causes, except incidentally, in referring to important temporary fluctuations of particular commodities arising out of obvious or special circumstances. For example, an advance in brooms which took place during the autumn of 1909 is mentioned as a result of the exceptionally high price of broom corn, due in turn to crop failure; similarly, it is pointed out, a sharp decline in the price of silver-plated ware in 1907 occurred simultaneously with the equipment of a large establishment for the manufacture of this class of goods in Canada; while a reference is made, in a general way, under the heading of lum- ber, to a number of circumstances which have accompanied, and have been suggested as explaining, the recent pronounced rise in that commodity. To go further than this, in a report like the present, would be to trench on ground which another and quite different kind of investigation is required to open up, namely, an inquiry into recent industrial, commercial and financial conditions and methods in the light of the economic theory of prices. The striking nature, however, pf the circumstances prompting the investigation, and of the results now shown, namely, a rise of considerably over one-third in the gene- ral level of prices within the past twelve years—a rise which is still in progress—has . directed very wide-spread attention to the question of what are the causes of a pheno- menon which implies so many serious consequences to the community. It may be well, therefore, in concluding, to point to some of the leading agencies which may 483 484 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR produce a rise or fall in prices; which have probably been operative either separately or in combination to a greater or lesser degree in bringing about the present situation, cand which should be taken into account by any one seeking an explanation of the changes illustrated in the accompanying tables and charts—whether they be changes temporarily in the price of a particular commodity, and thus comparatively easy of solution, or changes in the general price level, extending over a period of years, per- sisting through and in spite of temporary fluctuations, and involving considerations perhaps as wide as the organization of society itself. Taking the last sixty years, as portrayed by the index numbers previously cited, such a general movement (upward) prevailed from 1848 to 1873; such a general movement (downward) from 1873 to 1897; and such a general movement (again upward) from 1897 to the present time. In discussing the causes of price movements it is necessary to differentiate be- tween causes primarily affecting the commodities themselves and causes primarily affecting money. The price of an article is the amount of the monetary standard for which it may be exchanged. It is apparent we have here two distinct sets of pheno- mena, in the meeting of which the relationship denoted by price arises. No review of possible causes of change is complete that does not take into account both sides of the question. I. Causes Primarily Affecting Commodities. Dealing first with conditions arising in connection with the commodities them- selves, the price of ‘an article at a particular time and place may be said for the present purpose to be determined by the law of supply and demand, being fixed at the point where supply and demand are in equilibrium. When the demand for an article-is great and the supply limited, the price ordinarily will tend to rise, and vice versa. It may be convenient, therefore, in searching for the causes of a given price variation, to approach the question from two points of view, namely, (1) the point of view of supply, and (2) the point of view of demand. This is not, of course, to say that the two viewpoints involve distinct sets of phenomena. The same agency may, and very frequently does, affect both supply and demand simultaneously and in opposite directions. It is, in fact, almost impossible to mention any factor as determining a price that may not prove in the ultimate analysis to work through both channels and often in both ways, or that is sufficiently untrammelled in its working either way to permit of an exact estimate of its in- fluence. The difficulty of isolating phenomena is here, as in every branch of social science, the first and perhaps the greatest. That this is true in the case of prices is largely due to the action of the law of substitution. By this law a constant levelling up process is going on between prices of different commodities, as when a rise in the price of linens tends to check the con- ‘sumption of these goods and thus decrease the upward price tendency, while at the same time increasing the demand, say, for cottons, and thus inducing cotton prices to follow in the wake of linens; or when a fall in the price of beef deflects the consump- tion of mutton and pork, and-tends simultaneously to cause mutton and pork prices to decline and beef prices to stop falling. It. still remains convenient, however, to classify roughly the causes of price fluctuations according as their most immediate and obvious action is upon supply or «demand. 1. As causes affecting in their immediate or most natural application the supply of an article, and thereby its price, the following may be mentioned :— (a) Variations in yields or harvests.—By increasing or diminishing the supply of a commodity, variations in yields or harvest tend to raise or lower the price. Many instances of this will be found in the tables, as for example in the fall every fourth year in the price of canned salmon, the rapid fluctuations in fruit prices, &c. But this obvious rule will be found in practice to require almost constant qualification. Under modern conditions, prices of-the more important commodities tend more and more to be fixed in world markets. A local variation in harvest may, therefore, WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 485 operate chiefly, not through the agency of supply, but through that of demand, owing to its effect on the purchasing power of those members of the community who are engaged in producing the article in question. This will be especially pronounced where the product is a world staple and where the producers form a numerous class. Thus, a failure of the grain crop of Western Canada tends, in so far as the world market is affected, to enhance grain prices; but its more usual effect on Canadian prices is to lower them to meet the diminished purchasing power of a most important body of Canadian consumers. This lowering tendency, having begun with general articles of consumption, may extend, by the law of substitution, so as to include the grain itself in which the crop failure occurred. Under this heading, changes in yields or harvests due to other than temporary or climatic causes should be taken into account. Two widely discussed problems of the present emerge here as having a bearing on prices, namely: the possibility of the exhaustion of the soil, forests, mines, &c., now definitely under consideration by the government; and the persistent movement of the people into the cities, where, though they may continue to produce, the product is to a less degree the primary necessaries The rural population of Ontario decreased from 1,108,874 in 1899 to 1,047,016 in 1909, while during the same period the population of the cities increased from 901.- 874 to 1,197,274. These are most important subjects for examination in the present connection. The laws of diminishing and increasing returns as applied to agricul- ture and manufacturing, respectively, must be borne in mind throughout. Questions of this nature, however, merge gradually with the factor which is mentioned in the next following paragraph. (b) Improvements or other changes in methods of production or transportation.— That there has been a shortening of hours and a decline in the return from labour, together with a tendency towards wasteful and unscientifiz methods of production generally has been asserted.. The effect would be to enhance prices. On the other hand, an improvement in the production or distribution process teads, other things being equal, to lower prices. Coal oil is cheaper to-day than some years ago in part because of improvements in the methods and conditions of manufacture and sale. There has been for years past a constant decrease in the costs of transportation. One notable improvement which has occurred recently is in the transporting and storing of perishable food products. But as illustrating the interplay of the factors which determine prices the cold storage system is one of the agencies most frequently accused of late of being responsible for the rise in meats, eggs, &c. It is declared that the enlargement of the facilities for storing, transporting and selling these products has been misused by the warehousement, on the one hand to compel the grower to regulate production, and on the other hand to maintain artificial market rates to the consumer based on the restriction and the non-perishable quality of the visible supply.§ The decline of the neighbourhood farmer, i.e., the disappearance of a class of agriculturists living near large cities and supplying families direct with butter, eggs, &., is directly attributable to the use of the refrigerator car. 5s § The Committee of the United States Senate appointed in February, 1910, to inquire into the high cost of living, reported on April 7, that a limit should be put on the use of cold storage for the purpose of maintaining or advancing prices artificially. A Bill to meet this recommendation was introduced into the Senate forthwith. In presenting the Bill, Senator Lodge made the following statement :— “Under the resolution of the Senate the select comittee appointed to inquire into wages and prices of commodities was given authority to make recommendations. In pursuance of that authority the committee now desires to recommend to the Senate legislation limit- ing the time during which perishable articles of food may be held in cold storage. From such investigation as the committee has thus far been able to make, they are satisfied that some limit ought to be put on the use of cold storage for the purpose of. maintaining or advancing prices artificially. They are of the opinion that this limit of time will tend to an equalization of prices, and, in some cases, to a reduction. : “The investigation of this subject now being’ made by the Agricultural Department is not completed, but it has proceeded far enough to confirm, by the results thus far obtained, the view taken by the committee. The question of the public health is not within the jurisdiction of your committee charged with the investigation into wages and prices. The 486 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR (c) The operation of trusts, combines, trade agreements amcng middlemen, &c. —The aspect of the cold storage problem, just mentioned, overlaps under this head- ing, just as an important phase of the operations of combines falls back under the preceding. A monopoly or combine may effect large economies in production (as a factor under (b) above), and thus produce a downward influence on prices. This advantage, however, is likely to be offset and a contrary disadvantage to the con- sumer produced by the increased control of supplies which such a combination is able to obtain, and the power of interference it is able to exert on the natural law of supply and demand. The number of these organizations of capital has been greatly multiplied of late and the fact is important to bear in mind in any inquiry into causes affecting present prices. Numerous instances of the influence of trade competition on tprices have already been cited, as in the case of vinegar, table knives, &c. Akin to the trusts are the various agreements among middlemen, by which trade customs may be fixed, with important results oa prices. One of the most difficult points to determine in connection with the recent rise in meat prices ha; been the respective profits of the producer, the transportation agent, the commission mer- chant, the jobber and the retailer. It is pointed out that several Canadian products are cheaper in the British than in the Canadian market. Manipulation of markets by speculators may also be mentioned under this heading.* (d) Legislative enactments may have an important bearing on prices. The effect of a tariff increase is to limit the source of supply, and thus diminish competition. If it establishes an industry in the country it may simultaneously increase general con- sumption. Bounties and excise duties also have an immediate effect on prices; exam- ples have already been cited. In a narrower field, local market by-laws and regulations have a like effect. The increasing cost of government, state or municipal, by increas- ing taxation has advanced the rate of merchants’ profits. Throughout any investigation as to the effect of supply prices it should be remem- bered that supply does not necessarily act proportionately. A ten per cent increase in the supply of an article might be readily absorbed, whereas a further increase of two per cent might cause the market to break violently. 2. Coming to the standpoint of causes primarily affecting demand, and thereby operating to enhance or decrease prices: Some of the more common of these are as follows :— (a) Seasonal causes, as for poultry at Christmas. These, however, act potent- ly through supply, especially in the case of commodities for which the demand is more or less constant. ? (b) Changes in custom or fashion, temporary or otherwise, as in the substi- tution of evaporated for dried apples, the increased consumption of canned salmon following the publication of reports of improper methods of meat packing at Chicago, &c. A thorough knowledge of conditions governing the trade in any product is essential before the cause of price variations can be pronounced upon. (c) Increase in population, industrial expansion, &c., involving deferred productivity... Under this heading falls to be considered a feature of the present. situation which has been declared to lie at the very basis of the high prices pre- vailing. The past decade has been one of exceptionally rapid industrial expan- sion in Canada. Immigration has been on an unprecedented scale. Large areas of new lands have been brought under cultivation. Accompanying this has been a heavy expenditure, chiefly of borrowed capital, on railways, towns, public works committee have no doubt, however, that a limitation of the time during which perishable articles of food, and more especially meat products, may be retained in cold storage would be hygienically of very great value, and would tend to check many physical troubles which are thought by those who have examined the question to be attributable to the practice of keeping meats particularly in storage for a very long time. ~“* The committee, therefore, recommends legislation in this direction by Congress at the earliest possible moment.’ *See the article ‘ Artificial Dearness’ in Palgrave’s Dictionary of Political Economy. WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 487 and other large undertakings. The point emphasised in this connection is that many of these enterprises have not yet become productive. Hence the weight thus far has been thrown almost entirely into the demand side of the scale. The demand has been in the first instance for the materials consumed in the actual undertakings; but the circle of industrial and trade activity, once set in motion, has gone on widening until it has reached all but the uttermost edge of the com- munity. In the tables it will be seen that heavy increases have taken place in lines brought primarily under the influence of the expansion, such as lumber, food supplies, and articles produced by the labour deflected, whereas goods of distant growth and manufacture appear in many cases less affected, other things being equal. In the general result, wages and prices have been following each other for some time past in what has been described as ‘an ascending spiral.’ The shortening of hours and the slackening of effort mentioned above are per- haps best considered as a parallel phenomenon with the rise of wages. So like- wise is the fact that with greater spending power, has come a general rise in the standard of living. Wastefulness and extravagence may have supervened, having their root in the distribution of so much accumulated wealth. A standard of this kind once established is very difficult to dislodge. ‘The luxury or to-day’ says John Stuart Mill, ‘is the necessity of to-morrow.’ This point of view in its present application has been summed up in the remark that the problem to-day is not one of the high cost of living, but one of the cost of high living. But the situation is wider than any merely personal issue, and its solution depends to a degree on the transition from potential to actual productiveness of the build- ings, railways and towns now under construction, whereby what have hitherto been very potent factors in demand will become factors also in supply. In assigning weight to the above as a cause of present high prices, the extent to which similar conditions have prevailed outside of Canada is to be taken into account. Industrial expansion in the United States has been on lines parallel on the whole to developments in Canada. Important also to consider in this con- nection is the effect of the heavy expenditure on armaments in the leading coun- tries of Europe. These expenditures are for a purpose that is essentially non- productive, for even if they be charged in any one country against the safety of commerce, from a world-market standpoint they constitute a loss. When turned to destructive uses as in the two great wars which the past decade has witnessed, the South African war and the Russo-Japanese war, the evil is, of course, greatly accentuated. The enormous destruction of property thereby entailed must neces- sarily have been attended with important results on the general level of prices. Causes Primarily Affecting Money. _ Apart from the above agencies which act and react upon prices through the ordinary channels of supply and demand, consideration must be had of various in- fluences which group themselves about the monetary and financial systems.§ Without § The following passage from Bowley’s ‘ Elements of Statistics,’ p. 219, is of interest here a defining the limitations of index numbers in throwing light on this side of the question of prices :— _ ‘It has sometimes been supposed that we can estimate the effects of general causes directly y; that we can, for instance, obtain an objective measurement of the change in the purchasing power of gold, by evaluating it at two dates in terms of all commodities pur- chased, weighted by the amount spent on each; but it is better to neglect this method at once both as impracticable and as not answering the purpose of index numbers, for the effects of minor causes affecting separate commodities would not then be necessarily separated from the main cause. . ‘ Suppose that the changes in a group of quantities are determined by one general force which acts on all in the same sense, that is, tends to increase all or decrease all, and by several other forces each of which acts on one or more of the quantities, and some of which tend to increase, others to decrease the quantities they affect; then of the special forces, some will tend to increase, others to diminish the average, while the general force will have a cumulative effect entirely towards increasing, not entirely towards diminishing it. If the separate effects of the special forces are small compared with their number, they will tend to naturalize one another in their influnce on the average; and the change in the average will show the influence of the general cause only.’ 488 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR expressing any view on so frequently debated a subject as the so-called ‘ quantity theory’ of money (except to say in passing that in no case is it to be regarded as capable of simple application) it may be pointed out that the gold supply of the world has within recent years received a heavy accretion. According to estimates of the United States Mint, the gold production, which in 1895 was approximately $199,304,- 000, rose steadily to over $300,000,000 in 1899, and to approximately $400,000,000 in 1906. It has continued to increase since, reaching $435,000,000 in 1908. But several equally important considerations must be dealt with in collaboration with these re- turns. The gold side of the problem, like the commodity side, is of two aspects,— supply and demand. In the first place, the annual supply of gold as estimated above, must be considered relatively to the total stock—gold not being subject to destruction like most other commodities, except to the insignificant extent represented in losses and abrasion. This at once reduces materially the signifience of any increase or decrease in annual output. On the side of demand, likewise, careful investigation must be made to see if any offset to the increase in supply may not have occurred. The possible increased use of the precious metal in the arts and in hoarding as well as for currency must be borne in mind. There is the fact also that Japan, Mexico and several South American States have adopted the gold standard during the past fifteen years, thus creating a new demand for the metal. Again, has the increase in the gold supply been greater proportionately than the increase in the commerce of the world has required? And has the rapidity of circulation been unchanged in the past decade? In any event, the part which gold plays as a direct vehicle of exchange dwindles into insignificance beside that of the credit. system which, though resting on a metallic basis, is not necessarily proportioned to metallic reserve, and the organization of which is therefore a most important factor in the modern financial world. The whole level of prices is swayed at intervals according to the con- fidence or timidity of purchasers and investors. That the organization of this system has been increased and perfected of late there would seem evidence to believe. The rapid recovery from the panic of 1907 is by many attributed to the increased con- fidence which increased organization has been able to produce. But to appraise this accurately would require an investigation of the entire financial system. The above will be sufficient to show the complexity as well as the manysidedness of the problem of price variations and will have indicated at least the more important supplementary information required in approaching, from the standpoint of cause, the data regarding changes herein supplied. (B)—Effects of Variations in Prices. Much of the foregoing applies with equal force when the endeavour is to ascertain the effect or effects, instead of the cause or causes, of a change in general prices. The questions are, of course, distinct; but the factor which mainly obscures generalization in the one case as in the other is the complexity of social phenomena. It will be of interest, however, to outline, from the point of view of effects, as from the point of view of causes above, the limitations which necessarily attach to an inquiry like the present. This is perhaps the aspect of the entire problem which possesses the chief human interest. The concrete question is: Prices having risen approximately one-third in the past twelve years, what is the meaning of the change to the individual and the community? *Dr. Soetbeer’s calculation of the proportion of gold consumed in the arts remains the most frequently cited. He estimated that in 1886 of a total production of gold of about £20,000,000, more than £12,000,000 were thus used. Professor Alfred Marshall writing in the Contemporary Review for March, 1887, says: ‘The consumption of gold for purposes of the arts and for hoarding is increasing at an unprecedented rate. In the west, gold watch chains are succeeding silver watch chains, and in the east gold bangles are succeeding silver bangles. The causes of this increase are likely to continue, because they are based on the mod-zrn tendency to the accumulation and deffusion of wealth; which themselves are sure to continue in spite of the occasional retrogression caused by great wars, because they are founded on that progress and diffusion of knowledge which cannot go backwards.’ WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 489 In dealing with the effects of a change in price, it is necessary to approach the question from two standpoints: (1) the standpoint of the producer, and (2) the stand- point of the consumer. 1. The producer’s interest in prices is obvious. The present inquiry shows for a large number of commodities what the course of the producer’s selling prices has been for twenty years past. What the producer’s profits have been, is, of course, not touched upon. 2. Consideration of the consumer’s standpoint opens up the cost of living aspect of the result. Prices having advanced one-third, it might seem possible to assume at once that from the consumer’s standpoint living expenses have increased to a corres- ponding degree. But before accepting that view as final it is necessary to point to certain circumstances which should be given an influence. (1) In the first place, it is necessary to recall the observations made with regard +o the manner in which wholesale prices reflect the cost of living. Retail and not wholesale prices represent the actual cost of goods to the consumer, and retail prices in many respects are under a different law from wholesale. They involve considera- tions that are not present at all in wholesale prices, those grouped about the methods of the ultimate middleman. They are slower in their movement, and it is possible, also, that they may be in an opposite direction, though not for long at a time, unless under exceptional circumstances. In the present case, and speaking for the period as a whole, it may be regarded as probable that the general course of retail prices has _ been approximately that of wholesale. To render this absolutely certain, however, would involve an inquiry in detail into the methods of retailing prevalent throughout the country, localities within short distances of each other often differing considerably in trading customs and in the standard of retailers’ profits. A more important consideration, in the present connection,.is the fact that rentals are not represented in an index number of wholesale prices. In the average family, rent is one of the most important items of expenditure. In a wholesale index number it can only be reflected in so far as the price of lumber and building material may be said to govern dwelling house rentals. Land values do not appear, nor is there any light thrown on the question of locality, style of dwelling, &¢., which make the study of comparative rentals so difficult. The difference between the variations in the price of building materials and the course of rentals might possibly be great, especially in localities where growth has been rapid and where land values have been correspond- ingly buoyant. (2) Even with statistics as comprehensive and as accurate as could be desired it remains that the individual is a law to himself and that no pronouncement based on averages can apply individually except by accident. One man eats meat twice daily, another only thrice in the week; one consumes tobacco and alcohol, another abstains from both. Again, the law of substitution is in ceaseless operation; a series of important price changes may result in an almost complete change in the consuming habits of an individual or family, though this is modified by the fact that prices of related articles move, by the same law, together. These considerations have less force as‘the scope of the inquiry is broadened from individuals to classes, though between class and class much of tL same difference applies as between individuals and individ- uals. The budget method may here come into use. Different budgets will be neces- sary for different classes. Accordingly, when a generalization for the whole commu- nity is desired, the difficulty of applying the budget method becomes very great. The best that statisticians have accomplished is a budget of some class with a fairly uniform consumption standard, for example, the working class. It may be noted, in the present case, that many of the most important staples of consumption have been among the commodities which have shown the most rapid rate of increase. It may be inferred, therefore, that consumers generally have borne the full brunt of the change that is indicated. From this viewpoint, the weighted mean shown in the introduction offers perhaps the best approximation. 490 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR (8) A change in prices affects the well-being of the consumer only where no cor- responding change in income has occurred. If it can be shown that wages and salaries have kept even pace with the recent rise in prices, then the latter has necessitated no change in habits or real cost of living. This is a feature which the individual will be able to answer in the present case for himself. The question of a change ‘in wages has two aspects: to the employer a rise or fall in wages means an increase or decrease in the expenses of production; to the great majority, however, wages or salaries are re- presentative of income, except to the extent that domestic and professional services are involved. No final investigation of wages tendencies during the past twenty years was possible within the limits of the present report. It may be said, however, that the records of the Department of Labour show that there has been a continuous upward tendency since 1901, this tendency becoming pronounced in 1903, when there was a general upward movement, and in 1907, when several large bodies of employees re- - ceived substantial increases. As throwing a partial light on this aspect of the question a table is appended hereto in which the wages of several] classes of employees through- out Canada, in 1899 and 1909, are set forth. The data are presented without attempt at analysis, as it is hoped to add considerably to the same in future. COMPARATIVE TABLES RELATING TO RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOUR 491 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 492 09 | 09 0+ og 09 | 09 [¥Ze-08 j0Z-si 09 | 09 fez 0¢-ST ¥o { 09 jog OS-Fle [itt eHBAAL ‘99g 4MNG Fa | $9 /0S F-00 Flog ey Fg FG 008-92 3/00 Sx FG | #9 [oz @ 0G Tx rg | #o |c6 Fb 0G Se NS Pee es * JOBpUL A (‘P4) §g |(p4) $8 | 09 | 09 [$az-0% |¥2T 09 | 09 ul rot 09 |. 09 loF oo ae meyyey 09 09 jse cG 09 09 |¥2s-0c |F21-ST 09 09 |¥2z-0 |#21-ST +g | $¢ [nF Ge sors otrssessscssceesspenrouy, 9S a2 eg |¥Le foe Scr | so jog-g2 jog §6r eo les gt PP eg |oP $18 ere feces eee To 0* uOpuO'T 09 09 |os-co |¥ze-0z | 09 09 |¢s-¥ea /¢ZT-9T 09 09 0s-FLT |¥oT SF 09 |oF GE=0G.. 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E (-kep) i “-*log@s lete — lor 96-12 |OGTS |seo OST | 09 | 09 Joz GLI 09 | 09 |¥ze GL Tx | 8b |7*7"j09 sess pg lag 0 prt Sloat eae “7 eudey 0g co {IB 09 | 09 108 0G 1-92 1] 09 | 09 |¢z OG Tx | F9 | 09 Jee 0G Sx “Jos voreretsy sss sess sss save fasoo yy ce leas 09 | 09 [F241 wt Fg | 09 06 0% 09 | 09 jog Gb OF Goo uopuvig [rece Pee PLP, [he it “ibe -lee lege wt est lag ae ie a Poses settee «Bad tL AA, —SIIULAOLT WIM YRONT vl" lop lob. | 09 | 09 |Os-F4T |GT-Far | 09 | 09 Jos F2t |oT-Fer | 09 | 09 Jog 0g Re etal eas mea pec | ron ‘OMB “AIG yUVG GE-08 |08-G3 |Gz [08 G9] F900 3s [OST | #9] F995 i032 Te | FO] PG j0OG-OSF/0G & | FS +9 lUG F-09 El09 dx Dotti th qospury, 9 |¢e =: |o0s ae 09 | 09 |¢T fer 09 | 09 j0¢ ST 09 | 09 jor gg #9 09 [08 GZ ores s esses. -ureggeg : OF * ' 9¢ og oe 8 09 09 EL1-91 331 Chae hee @ ee eae, aia Aya ware (ee 9. 7G #G OF CZ 09 09 13 0G tresses: sBUIOUT, “99, Lo 4 ‘ og los jazz jogt =| 6G | 6g [Fzt-st [Fer FH | EG |cz G21 F | 8G |oF le for gs jog ed "7+ 7 uopuorT Gr-OF lor-ae jog [oz 09 | 09 |€2T-OL |$zt-oT | 09 | 09 |¥ez-08 |aI-Fzt | 09 | 09 |ge G2-F2z | 09 09 |gz GI Trt p1oxyeagg 08-G3 ‘30S '08-GT_} 09 | 09 “GT ol 9 | 69 '¥er 02 Sh FS GE 0g 09 09 “$26-G3 'Fee-06 [-°* + 7+ -yoOyspoo yy, 18722—37 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 496 00 81-00 ST\00 ZT eer 0S OT 00 ST oe 00 ST 00 @T 00 61-00 OT 00 ST-00 OT “100 8T “109 FL “|00 8T-00 OT "100 81-09 ST * [00 gt 00 ¢t-00 21 + |00 81-00 3 "104 61-08 SF "|00 6 -008 00 ST 006 -0G9 2 90 61-00 OT 00 ST-00 6 00 9 7" 100 8T "10 &T 00 8T-00 ST “100 GT-00 6 6061) "668T “28M dod sanoy "Yaa M Jad sade ay “""100 6T 00 GT “"100 LT 00 9T "100 $1 00 IT *"100 6 00 6 **100 IT 008 "100 11 00 OL “1OG €T-02 OT/00 6 * (00 81-00 OL/0G ZT-00 OT (2/00. at foot “100 ST 00 OT 00 6T 00 GL “*100 61-00 8 |02 8 -09 9 “"100 F1-00 01/00 OT-00 8 OG OT 00 FT-00 ZT 0g tL 00 2 -00 9 Olllatios levee: Meno oige tt ea evade ‘sy0 g ‘sy g 6061/6681} — “606T “668T 29M aed "yaa AA dad sade sino} 0G ST-0G or” 00 @T “**"100 81-00 ST “**"100 06-09 @T ~ *"100 9T **100-06-00 $1)" 00 oT 00 9T-00 GL 09 9T-0¢ ST 00 OT “""00 2T fe “***/00 81-00 9T]"*** “**"100 9T-00 OT/00 GT-00 6 0g LT 0g &T “= 100 ST “*"100 81-00 &T “""100 8T “"""100 FT een er te foo ot oo gro tr meets" "100 GT-00 eT}00 FI-00 OT)" ‘s30 $ oj'sgo og “606T)668T] “GOGT +) “6681 “PRA AN a aed "Yoo AA Jod sase jy sanoy{ 00 G1-00 OT,” ‘SHENYOM NOU ‘SHEMV]L UVIIO “SUOLVUAdIO ANITONOJY YO AAALONIT eon * ‘00 or 00 § -00 2 “ oreqqeyy “Jy ** OG-EL-0G OT|0O OT-0¢ “seu0g,y “9S ")""'** 00 41-00 B1}00 1-00 & : “uopuo'y ae 00 01-00 2 * plojyveyS i 3¥S Raine aaa as “Uragy ete "109 ST 00 8 tee ee *-ydjenxy “te "" "100 FL-00 100 ST-00 6 “* projquerg sp [FG = 00 9T OGRE Ope ore ea eee 7" uod[ Le FT ver yes 00 §1 00 6 SOULIVYIBD “IS go) Ms aear vitae eal Haperae a ye wetias oyuosUyy, “100 GL 00 01 ‘sT[ey ereSeINy “** 100 FI-00 BT/G2 8 -GL 9 + woyssuryy “**"100 0T-00 6 |00 6 -00 2 “OTTASTP 00 GL 00 IL si ayaph es Sean Sree vere eave) —01LD]UQ, a bau fla S adaibina 0 Stine teases Wine egsee MeAnieun ee Aas CONS TMH 8F #9 00 ST-00 ST/00 ST-00 TL tae “oanauUOnte iyi “te """100 6 -00 3 JOG L -00 9 “+ eqyapedy 3g iy “"* "100 F1-00 €1/00 11-00 OT)” Sere 9001qs1eys weeecteess 09 OF 00L-009 |... ‘“g1oatyy 8@I4.L soles lag e008 lous pele piolahpaee Sd giaes -+ Saqaney —-9agangd ele |og eT 00 OT as + ort ess rarqemomay ecaeiae aad deanei| WBA RN ae. Wienracak saayech Ul Wagacera St ning avert +++ COJOUOPL cs “"""100 8 "009 |00 8 -009 | mMoje}q0[184 “eeryes* "100 ST-00 TT}00 OT-00 8 “qetoyULy 8h IFS = j00 TL OOO sd ee a eee hee ng Ee | xVjUeyL cas a) Spee Awe | semtewe wee lade ic aqTLA989 A aes 5 “+ feupag —SIIUIAON AUIPALVYY 9YT ‘sqo @ sp “GOG1L)"GG8T) — “BO6T “668T "II AL aad “yao AA Jad sade yy _ sano FL ‘ : ‘SUOLISOGNOD ANV]T ‘606T CNV 668T NI qnodv'T HO SHNOH CNV SHYVM AO SALVE FO ATAVL TAILLVUYVINOO : 497 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890-1909 *YAOMIOAT, “swe 000‘T aed squad § ‘oUTOUNTL 1 Td 6 iy * awe ¥Q 0S 36 00 16 00 G6 *"100 $6-00 ST] ” “100 06 "100 ST 00 ST “100 ST 00 ST 00 ST 00 ST 00-01-09 6 ‘le lo9 gz "7" *" "100 26-00 #6 +199 GZ V7" "100 £6-00 GB “1° " "100 96-00 FG vests +log gg “""""100 $6-00 06 se lag 9g “|"""* 100 06-00 8T “| -l90 0g 09 &3-00 Te 00 06 03 Te 00 FT 00 #1 00 ST “""" 100 #6 00 ST 00 #6 00 16 “*" "100 FG 00 LT """ 00 #6 00 ¥6-00 To “"" "10S 6T-CO 81/00 FT “100 8T 00 6 **"100 06-00 91/00 OT *|00 $2-00 8100 F1-00 TT 00 GT-00 OL “100 €1 00 6 OUITVUG NT BIIOJOL A, *JOYSULULYSA AA MONT seer setotastss aHee STS ATIOOTE ——paqunjog ysi7 ape Koes hae waueS *++* goquowpg — 0490 “++ uopueag —nqonunyy SeilR OU Set aU ca sat os sr anyyay Wog _ ele 34g yNLy Ae eiacs terre Pes JOspurM, DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR 498 “"1""109 Sx 00 Sx “109 Sx 89 Bx “100 08 00 0G Joost. Joset “1]; ]00 88-00 eloo ez r]rfoooe fossa, “I-00 08 00 &% 1 10G 8 00 ST 00 0-00 02/00 02-00 ST “100 $8-00 02/00 $2-00 ST]" "100 02-00 ST/00 ST-00 OT “I 100 €8-00 08/00 82-00 6% “Tog Le 00 Sz “TlGh ey Gh ox "10g 8% 09 61 00 12 : , (OOF. {| ]o8:14:08 9T|oF o@-09 eT}: "83 "sya g 2 & = S| “6067 ‘G68T La jan} oO me “yoo Ay ted sase Ay ee "SUFANIONY AAILONOOO'T “SUO'TIV, NHNAANYNOL ‘SaNVEL HONG ‘SUAMUOMAOO AL. “SHLINSHOVIG ANVIVAVO ‘SUAUV] NUTLIVG "100 FT O€ ST “00 ST 0G OT “17100 &T 0g OT “"1 "00 6Z-00 02/0C 8T-00 ST * weqyeay “*/*"100 8T-00 9T/00 91-00 FI OF FT 00 GT ")°"}00 ST 0S OT "1°" 100 8T 09 GT svuouL “95 "77" 100 ST 00 OT - “1 "10G OT 00 8 * {09 OT 008 "1" "100 ST 00 oT gopuory "100 81 00 GT **/00 GT 00 OT “100 @T 00 OT “109 @T 00 OT ** plosyvesys “100 TT 008 “| 196 8T O§ OL * {00 €L 00 OT 1708 €1 OGOE | eee ured "100 FT 00 TE "100 ST 00 GT “100 GT Ou TT "1" "100 06 00 9T “"ydjany “"1""19G ST-00 31/00 TT-00 6 0G €i-00 GTj00 GI-09 OT" *|* |S ST-00 B1/00 ST-0G OT|" "|" "/0G 9L-00 BT/00 GT-00 6 *ptojqUBsg, “|"*100 F1-00 GT/00 €T-00 TL)" *}* "00 ST 09 IT “*}°"100 $L-00 81j00 BT-00 OT} “| "*|00 8T-0G 9T/00 GT-08 ET} © UoyTae yy “")" "100 6 006 “"}"")00 8T 0G @T “1 "100 OT 00 OT “00 8E — . |00 ST aoe neta) “SOUITe qT “AS Sa de [steed Seetigs a ates dhe crane wa the | meee seee eee me Guawecaud nual anneanncestet Si aloud aaruste el seeireainees Coyeed. 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A Pace. .. ..28, 42, 252, 300, 417 (Chart No. 104.) fener wood... . 28, 42, 258, 300, 417. (Chart No. 104.) Ale... a . 24, 44, 274, 802, 425. (Chart No. 112.) Alum “lump.. eee Bde Ses . .. «28, 43, 254, 300, 417. (Chart No. 105.) Animals and meats... .. .. 1 es ee ee ee ee ..18, 26, 67-81, 285, 317 (Chart Nos. 11 and 12) Anvils.. Soaks Sade Dea ale, aye ag GR MRE eee Oe .21, 181, 293, 871 (Chart No. 69) ‘Appendix. . Soil oles gre Mial fye) WE ENY oy, GAR OD AE Cke ta Seed eS S +. «10, 481 Apples, fresh.. Sehcese, Aan iitrielbe Bah Oia stuas’ Gea) aa rsdsaree ee meee a8 “104, 288, "337, “(Chart "No. 33) Apples, evaporated.. Sa etinsy we onea vai anode ie caamets 19, 30, 110, 289, 337 (Chart No. 35) Antimony, Cookson’s.. 25? fovs bse ichey dealer ies see 21, 188. 298 ..18, 27, 79, 285, "317 (Chart No. 17) 5222, 41, 938, 297, 391 (Chart No. 95) Shingles. See Cedar ‘shingles and Pine shingles. Shoes. See Boots and Bnoeey. Shorts,.. .. Sideboards, hardwood. . Silk, raw Italian classical.. Silk, raw, Japan filatures. Silk’ Threads. Silver, bar, fine.. Silverplated WAT Os) 66 US wie DA Mis ee) ES EAS Ue ek See Ppl: lk "Machine Silk. ..18, 25, 63, 284, 307 ee No. 4) 42, 246, 298 20, 36, 140- 141, ‘990, 353 Obert No. 48) 120, 36, 139, 140, 290, 353 (Chart No. 48) ..21, 38, 175, 293, 371 (Chart_No. 67) 23, 42, 247, 299, 411 (Chart No. 101) 508 DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR Skunk, black, Canadian... .. .. Smith, Adam, on the course of prices. Soap, common. eurde ls boda... <1 Soda ash... Soetbeer’s Index “number. Soil pipe.. Solder... Raiser cee Soldering irons. Sources ‘of price “quotations. Saap Serge ayah Gots Jew Cane Wee Gee fees Gall Spelter, foreign.. .. Spool silk, Letter ‘A.