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Sage 1891 AJ2HPM...........:....y/^/7A HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION.A HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION: WHICH INCLUDES THE PRESENT TOWNS OF MINISINK, DEERPARK, MOUNT HOPE, GREEN- VILLE AND WAWAYANDA, IN ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK, FROM THEIR ORGANIZATION AND FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME; ALSO, INCLUDING A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. BT CHARLES E. STICKNEY. is mg ofon, mg naitbe lanb! MIDDLETOWN, N. Y.: COE FINCH AND I. F. GUIWITS, PUBLISHERS. 1867.Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, Bt CHARLES E. STICKNEY, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. Cob Finch, Printer, Middletown, N. Y.PREFATORY REMARKS. Rsadbb : Before you commence the perusal of the following History, allow me to say that, if you wish to avoid disappointment, you will please bear in mind that it has not been written with the object of presenting to your view a brilliant piece of composition, or of absorbing your attention with the interest of a fascinating romance. No deep-laid plot of mystery or ideal love pervades its pages to lure you on from line to line—from be- ginning to end. It has been intended rather as a true record of past events —of statistics connected therewith—of old traditions that have survived the touch of time,—and in short, of the records and incidents that go to- wards forming a History of th* Minisink Region, the first-settled portion of Orange County. To many these will prove of barren interest j and I deem it proper to say to you that this work has been written more for the purpose of supplying a void in our local history—more to preserve the de- tails (now fast sinking into oblivion) of our ancestors’ struggles with labor and inconvenience, coupled with the wiles of a savage foe, while rearing their humble cabins, when— “• His echoing axe the settler swung,” in the wilderness two centuries ago;—more to review their actions and remember their deeds and sufferings in the glorious war of the Revolution, and their prosperity since—than to please the idle fancy for a moment, and then be thrown aside forgotten. It is intended as a book useful for reference to the scholar—to those who like to sit by the fireside of an evening and review the doings of the olden timej and as a foundation perhaps for some future historian to build an abler work upon. If it shall accomplish but a part of this, my labor will have been rewarded. And, reader, if it should gain your approval by furnishing needed in- formation, or by causing some weary hour to glide smoothly away; if,viii PREFATORY REMARKS. when the dark hours that visit all of us are upon you—-when disappoint- ments, and troubles, and treacherous friends, enshroud your path, and you wish to banish gloomy thoughts—if, then, the comparison of your petty grievances with the gigantic ones overcome by the energy and perseverance of our forefathers, when miles separated neighbors and friends, when the war-whoop of the merciless Indian blended of an evening with the dreary howl of the wolf, and when, if a father left his home in the morning he knew not but his return at night might find it a smoldering ruin, and his wife and children mangled corpses or in a cruel captivity$ if this compar- ison shall inspire you with new courage to contend in the “ world’s great din of battle,”—pleased shall I be to record you upon my list of friends, and feel thankful for the time spent in placing the narration before you. I make no apology for the simplicity of language that clothes the inci- dents narrated,. I am aware that many will think themselves better informed in matters of early history, and perhaps far better able to dispose of the task of preparing them for publication, than myself. But until they avail themselves of their knowledge and talents, and do better, I shall pre- sent my humble work for your consideration, hoping it may find what appreciation its merit deserves. Slate Hill, N. Y., 1867. THE AUTHOR.1*CONTENTS. CHAPTER I.—Origin of the name, and first recorded visit of a white man. CHAPTER II.—First settlement of Orange County and Minisink. CHAPTER III.—Church affairs. CHAPTER IV.—-The war with the Jerseymen. . CHAPTER V.—Incidents of the French and Indian wars. CHAPTER VI.—The Pledge of 1775 and its signers. CHAPTER VII.—Indian depredations. CHAPTER VIII.—First and second invasions of the Minisink Region by Brandt’s Indians and Tories. CHAPTER IX.—The battle of Minisink. CHAPTER X.—Town of Minisink. CHAPTER XI.—Town of Deerpark. CHAPTER XII.—Town of Mount Hope. CHAPTER XIII.—Towns of Wawayanda and Greenville. CHAPTER XIV.—Greycourt Inn; or, the Scourge of the Highlands. CHAPTER XV.—The Legend of Murderer’s Creek. CHAPTER XVI.—A Reminiscence of the Wallkill.A HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. CHAPTER I. ORIGIN OF THE NAME, AND FIRST RECORDED VISIT OF A WHITE MAN. « To arrive at a proper commencing point in the history of the localities included in the limits of the region for- merly known as the Minisink, it will be necessary to look back to the time when the hard-headed Peter Stuy vesant bore rule over his mimic kingdom of the New Nether- lands, and sat in rigid state among the few rude habita- tions lying in peaceful serenity at the mouth of the Hudson—since grown in countless numbers and regal splendor, as the proud city of New York ; to the time when John Rising, Governor of the Colony of Swedes at the mouth of the Delaware, was taking upon himself a degree of importance that interfered sadly with the plans of the worthy Peter, and threatened to shipwreck his fondest hopes of conquest in that quai’ter. His windy manifesto, full of big Dutch words long drawn out by his valiant secretary, declaring the aforesaid Colony of New Sweden to be within the limits of his12 HISTORY OF THE MINISINR REGION. majesty's dominions, and threatening the direst ven- geance upon all who refused to acknowledge the same, was received in scornful silence by the imperturbable John. The insult, of itself, was bad enough, but that so much good Dutch grammar should be absolutely thrown away, was not to be tolerated. Days were spent by Peter in determining a plan of revenge that would at once avenge the slight, and maintain his dignity; and at last the tobacco used in these deliberations resolved itself into something more than ephemeral smoke, for it brought an idea into the head of its august user. Other men had covered themselves with unfading laurels on the battle-field, why sho.uld not he ?. The consent of the mother country was first to be obtained, for the commencement of a quarrel between even so insignificant belligerents as these, might result in serious complications in the home countries of Europe. The old maps of the New Netherland provinces, made years before by Captain Hendrickson, were brought before the Government of Holland by Peter; the right of Holland to the territory called New Sweden thereby made clear, and Peter's request was granted; and he has been handed down to posterity by the great historian as the immortal conqueror of Fort Christina and the Swedes. It is upon the maps thus made use of bv Peter, that the first allusion is made in history to the old territory of Minisink. The whole of that territory is there described as being occupied by a tribe of Indi- ans known as the Minquas, (Yol. I. Documents relating to the History of New York,) and this we may properly regard as the original word from which the name Mini- sink was derived. At all events, this was the name by which the Indians were known throughout that region, till at last the Swedes and the Hollanders, with theirORIGIN OF NAME, AND FIRST RECORDED VISIT, Vd resolute chieftains, all fell into subjection to the mighty power of England, in 1664. Then everything under- went an entire change, The little Dutch village of New Amsterdam or Manhattan, that had been growing so quietly amid its cabbage gardens, and so unobserved in the shadow of the smoke that arose from the pipes of its steady burghers, was at once given a more sounding title, in honor of the Duke of York, and of York in England, and came out with a grand flourish as the City of New York. The little stockaded fort, and its surroundings of steep-roofed houses with their “gable ends” to the street, that had long been regarded as one of the outposts on the limits of creation, up the Hudson, soon came to be known as Albany, instead of Orange—and what is more to the purpose, the tribe of Indians, spoken of, became known as the Minsies instead of the Minquas. This is the name they were first known by in Eager’s History of Orange County, and he says it signified: peo- ple living on a low tract of land, from which the water had been drained—alluding to the legendary belief that the valley along the Delaware, occupied by them, had once formed the bottom of a vast lake, from which the water finally escaped by breaking through the moun- tains, at a place now known as the Water-Gap, in the Delaware. This, most probably, was the original mean- ing and derivation of the word Minisink; for it is easy to trace the connection from the old Dutch name of the Minquas, to its English translation the Minsies, and finally to its later and last corruption of the Indian tongue, Minisink. It wras known by this latter name as early as 1694, as we find from a journal kept by Captain Arent Schuyler, of a visit made by him to that region ; and as this is the first visit of a white man to that sec- tion, recorded in authentic history, I have thought14 HISTORY OP THB MINISINK REGION. proper to give it entire, word for word, as it was most probably written and spelled by the valiant Captain himself, and as it may be found on p. 98, Yol. IV. of Documents relating to the History of New York. Gov. Fletcher, at the time, lorded it over the province by authority of the Crown of England, and this journey appears to have been taken at his command, for the pur- pose of ascertaining whether or no the French, who then occupied Canada, and were continually warring with the English, had not sent emissaries among the Minisink Indians to bribe them to unite with the Canadian Indi- ans to wage a war of extermination against the New Yorkers, which they would be. most capable of doing from among their impenetrable fastnesses in the Shaw- angunk Mountains. JOURNAL OP CAPTAIN ARENT SCHUYLER'S VISIT TO THE MINISINK COUNTRY. May it please your ExceU: In persuance to yr Excell: commands I have been in the Minissinck Country of which I have kept the fol- lowing journal: viz1 1694 ye 3d of Feb: I departed from New Yorke for East New Jersey and came that night att Bei-gentown where I hired two men and a guide. Ye 4th Sunday Morning. I went from Bergen & travilled about ten English miles beyond Haghkingsack to an Indian place called Peckwes. Ye 5th Monday. From Peckwes North and be West I went about thirty two miles, snowing and rainy weather. Ye 6ttb Tuesday. I continued my journey to Mag- gaghkamieck [the Indian name of the river Neversink, which falls into the Delaware a Jittle south of PortORIGIN OF NAME, AND FIRST RECORDED VISIT. 15 Jervis] and from thence to within half a day’s journey to the Menissinck. Ye 7th Wendsday. About eleaven a clock I arrived att the Minissinck, and there I mett with two of their Sachems and severall other Indians of whome I enquired after some news, if the French or their Indians had sent for them or been in ye Menissinck Country. Upon wch they answered that noe French nor any of the French Indians were nor had been in the Menissinck Country nor there abouts and did promise yl if ye French should happen to come or yl they heard of it that they will forthwith send a mesinger and give yr Excellency notice thereof. Inquireing further after news they told me that six days agoe three Christians and two Shanwans Indians who went about fifteen months agoe with Arnout Vielle into the Shanwans Country were passed by the Menis- sinck going for Albany to fetch powder for Arnout and his company; and further told them that sd Arnout intended to be there wth seaven hundred of ye said Shanwans Indians loaden wth beavor and peltries att ye time ye Indian corn is about one foot high (which may be in the month of June.) The Menissinck Sachems further sd that one of their Sachems & other of their Indians were gone to fetch beavor & peltries which they had hunted; and having- heard no news of them are afraid y* ye Sinneques have killed them for ye lucar of the beavor or because ye Menissinck Indians have not been with ye Sinneques as usual to pay their Dutty, and therefore desier y* your Excellency will be pleased to order y* the Sinneques may be told, not to molest or hurt y® Menissincks they be willing to continue in amity with them. Ia tba nftwaOQB I departed from S'* Menissincks; the16 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. 8th, 9th & 10th of Feb, I travilled and came att Bergen in ye morning and about noone arrived att New Yorke. This is may it please your Excell, the humble reporte of your Excellency’s most humble servt Arent Schuyler. Scarce one hundred and seventy-two years have passed since the above journey was taken, and the comparison between then and now may be taken as a fair index to the rapid improvement that has everywhere been striding over the American Continent. Then the jour- ney occupied eight days—four in going and four in returning—and was accomplished by untiring perse- verance, amid the gloomy depths of an interminable forest, peopled only by the wild men of nature, and the panthers, bears, wolves, and other beasts that then prowled in its recesses ; the trackless path pointed out by an Indian guide, and its winding way followed over mountains and across valleys, one continual swamp and woodland, through the bitter cold and wet of a storm of rain and snow. Now, the same journey from New York to Port Jervis may be accomplished in the short space of about three hours and a half, by simply stepping in one of the elegant cars of the New York and Erie Rail- way, and sitting down in one of the velvet-cushioned seats—taking no note of the blinding snow or driving rain that may be falling out of doors, and with nothing to do but lean back on the cushions and enjoy the rock- ing motion as you glide along—glance out of the cozy little windows at the snug farm-houses and cultivated fields, as they flit before your vision—no guide—no nothing to think of, but to be ready with your paste- board when the conductor thrusts his hand before your eyes and drives away your dreamy reveries with the oft repeated cry of—“ Tickets J”ORIGIN OF NAME, AND FIRST RECORDED VISIT. 17 If it be indeed true that the shades of those gone before sometimes revisit earth, what emotions of surprise and pleasure must we conjecture to fill the bosom of that sturdy old backwoodsman, Arent Schuyler, if his spirit should come back from the confines of the invisible world and repeat his journey to Port Jervis—then a desolate swamp, now a flourishing village—by riding on the cars, in these days of luxury and speed. 0, that he could speak to us, we would find our wildest imaginings to fall short of the tide of wonder and delight that would overflow his soul!CHAPTER II. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF ORANGE COUNTY AND MINISINK. The early settlement of this region is shrouded in mystery. The surrounding mountains appear to have served as barriers to the encroachment of the whites, and after they had effected a lodging to have prevented a knowledge of their early transactions from coming to the ears of the historians of those times, until almost a generation of the first Minisink pioneers had passed away. Lord Bellomont, Governor of New York in 1701, says, in a letter to the lords of trade, that the country west of the Highlands, at that time, was a dense wilder- ness, there being but one house in all that section—on Captain Evan’s grant, which was along the Hudson. This was the first house built within the present limits of the eastern part of Orange County, and as such, it is but just to glance a moment at the history of the builder. It was built some years before Bellomont’s notice of it, by Col. Patrick Magregorie, a Scotchman, who came to America with a band of followers in 1684. They landed in Maryland, but like the majority of the early emigrants, were continually roving around in quest of a better loca- tion. Magregorie was next located at Perth Amboy, New Jersey; but this was no better suited to his taste, and, in 1685, he petitioned for leave to take up land within the bounds of Billop’s Point, on Staten Island.Fiftsl At the instance, it is said, of Governor t)ongan, he was persuaded to relinquish that design and remove to the Highlands. While here he devoted himself to the Indian trade, and became master of the Indian language. The following year, 1686, he was appointed Muster Master General of the Militia of the Province of New York, and was next sent in command of a party to trade at Michilmakinac, but was intercepted on the way by a party in the French interest, and carried a prisoner to Montreal. The next year he was liberated by orders from France, and returned to New York. The next year, 1688, he was employed by Sir Edmund Andros, and commanded a company that operated against the Indians east of Pemaquid. When the troubles broke out between the Government and the Leisler party, he was sent to New York city; where he was killed, during the attempt to reduce a fort held by the Leisler party, March, 1691. He was buried with public honors, and this appears to have been the most he ever received for his great public services, for we find the lands he laid claim to, along the Hudson, w7ere subsequently granted to Capt. John Evans, who married his daughter Katherine. The patent was afterward vacated, and his heirs experienced a long series of difficulties in getting their claim adjusted. Their patent was finally settled in the town of Cornwall, Orange County. He had three sons, Hugh, John and Patrick, and two daughters, Katherine and Jane. What was known of Orange County, at that time, embraced the present County of Rockland, and was bounded on the North by Ulster County, which extended along the western slope of the Shawangunk mountains to the Delaware, and included the present town of Deer- park, then a part of the town of Mamakating. Accord-HISTORY Of THIS MINISINK REGION. 20 ing to Eager's History, Orange County was organized by act of General Assembly in 1683. In a list of officers, dated April 20tb, 1693, it is stated that the County con- tained not over twenty families, and was under the pro- tection of New York city (p. 28, vol. iv. Doc. relating to the Colonial History of New York). It was named after William, Prince of Orange, who was crowned King of England, in 1689. Like all the unoccupied territory in those days, it was parceled out in immense tracts to favorites of the different Governors of the Province; and, as this was, done by authority of Letters Patent from the Crown, so these tracts were called Patents. Thus it was we came to hear of the Wawayanda Patent, which included 150,000 acres, and was conveyed March 5th, 1703, during the reign of Queen Anne, to John Bridges, and twelve others, by the twelve Indian chiefs Rapingonick, Wawastawaw, Moghopuck, Comelawaw, Nanawitt, Ariwimack, Kumbout, Claus, Chouckhass, Chingapaw, Oshasquemonus, and Quiliapaw,—and the Minisink Patent made by the same Indian chiefs. The Governor's approval was doubtless first secured, and then the Indians were induced to place their marks to the documents, perhaps, by means of a little rum and tobacco; at all events, for a mere trifle, and thus a favored few became owners of thousands of acres of the most fertile land in the world—to-day worth millions upon millions of dollars. In this connection it is well enough to revert to the fact that, two hundred and forty years ago, the whole of the territory now occupied by % the city of New York, was purchased of the Indians by the Dutch for twenty-four dollars; as is stated in the following letter, dated Nov. 5th, 1626 (vol. i. Doc. rela- ting to the Colonial Histpry of New York, p. 37):FIRST SETTLEMENT. 21 “ High and Mighty Lord: “Yesterday arrived here the Ship of Arms, of Amster- dam, which sailed from New Netherland out of the River Mauritius (Hudson), on the 23d September. They report that our people are in good heart and live in peace there; the women have also borne some children there. They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders ($24); ’tis 11,000 morgens in size. They had all their grain sowed by the middle of May, and reaped by the middle of August. They send thence samples of summer grain: such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, canary seed, beans and flax. The cargo of the aforesaid ship is: 7246 Beaver skins, 178£ Otter skins, 675 Otter skins, 48 Mink skins, 36 wild cat skins, 33 Minks, 34 Rat skins and a considerable Oak timber and Hickory. Herewith High and Mighty Lords, be commended to the mercy of the Almighty. “To the High and Mighty Lords, my Lords the States General at the Hague. “ Signed Your High Mightiness’ obedient, “ P. Schagan. “ Amsterdam, Nov. 5, 1626.” Imagine, if possible, the present value of that same Island of Manhattan, with its population of hundreds of thousands and its untold movable wealth. In 1698, by order of Governor Bellomont, a census of the several counties of New York was taken by the Sheriffs and Justices of the Peace, (p. 420, vol. iv., Doc. relating to the Colonial History of New York,) and Orange County was found to contain 29 men, 31 women, 140 children, and 19 negroes or slaves. The present22 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. site of the village of Newburgh was included in a patent of 2190 acres, granted to nine Palatines, or Germans, in 1719, viz.: George Lockstead, Michael Weigand, Her- man Shoreman, Christian Hennicke, the widow Cockertal, Burgher Mynders, Jacob Webber, Johannes Fisher, and Andries Yalch. A settlement had been commenced some time before, (about 1712,) by a young lady named Sarah Wells, on the Wawayanda Patent, near the banks of the Otterkill. She was an orphan adopted by Chris- topher Denn, one of the patentees, who lived at that time in New Jersey, opposite Staten Island. It became necessary, in order to fix the title to the patent, that some settlement should be made upon it; and thus it was, by aiding to secure the interest of Denn in the tract, that she has been chronicled in history as the first white person who commenced a settlement on the tract. At the request of her benefactor, she traveled in a boat from New York to the neighborhood of New Windsor, and from thence on foot to the Otterkill, to superintend the erection of a wigwam, or house, with no companions but a few friendly Indian guides. To more enhance our admiration of her fearless intrepidity, it is but proper to state that she was but sixteen years of age at the time. Think of that journey, ye timid votaries of luxury, who, even in the midst of friends and neighbors, tremble at the bare thought of venturing alone out of doors after nightfall! Think of the repose she sought at night upon the ground, the glimmering stars sparkling through the foliage of the great forest, the dismal howl of the wolf echoing fearfully through the glades, and the hoot of the lonely owl varying the concord of heart-chilling sounds; and this, too, forty or fifty miles from the pres- ence of a white person, with no protectors but her savage friends. She afterwards married William Bull, settledFIRST SETTLEMENT. 23 on a tract of about one hundred acres, which was set off to her by Denn as a recompense for her services in making the settlement; and, after a long life of useful- ness, died aged 102 years 15 days. Her descendants, a short time since, started the project of erecting a suita- ble monument over her remains, which lie buried in the family yard in Hamptonburgh. (Eager's History of Orange County, p. 454.). The Ordinance for holding Courts of Sessions and Pleas in Orange County, was granted March 8th, 1702, at Fort Anne, by Edward Yiscount Combury, William Smith, Peter Schuyler and Sa. Th. Boughton, Esqs., of Council, and ratified and signed by Queen Anne, April 5th, 1703. The first courts were held at Orangetown, in what is now Rockland county. The first Session in Goshen wTas held in 1727, (lb. p. 17.) But while the population of Orange county was thus rapidly increasing, and new villages springing up almost weekly within its limits, the history of the Minisink region appears to have been shrouded in darkness. The Shawangunk mountains formed a barrier which for a long time, kept from the outside world a view of the tide of civilization and improvement that was going on, and shut from the page of history much knowledge of the early settlers of that locality. Its mountain ranges afforded a shelter to the Indians long after the cultivated fields and happy homes of the white man had usurped the wilds of Eastern Orange. Among its glades and gorges, the smoke of their wigwams and the glimmer of their council fires, continued to rise in security and friendly intercouse with the early Minisink pioneers, years after the sun of their supremacy had set from Maine to the Carolinas. It was in this region, too, that some of their most barbarous atrocities were committed,24 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. before yielding up the possession of their mountain fastnesses. In 1756, we are informed, that in the winter and spring large and small parties of western Indians made frequent incursions into its territory, destroying a vast amount of property, and taking many lives. At the commence- ment of this war (the old French and Indian war in 1755) it was reported to possess a population of about thirty families, and included a tract of about forty miles up and down the Delaware and Neversink rivers. Indeed, there are good reasons for dating the settlement of this region previous to the year 1664. In 1697 a Patent was granted to Arent Schuyler for lands described as follows: “ A certain tract of land in the Minisink country, in the province of New York, called by the native Indians Warensaghskennick, otherwise called Maghawaemus; also a certain parcel of meadow, or vly, called by the Indians Warensaghskennick, situate, lying and being upon a certain run, called by the Indians, and known by the name of Minisink, before a certain Island called Menayack, which is adjacent to or near to a certain tract of land called by the Indians Maghakeneck, containing the quantity of one thousand acres and no more/7 This, as will be seen, gave the holder authority to locate on any unappropriated land in the valley, for it describes in such general terms as to puzzle almost any one to fix its limits. Another of these floating patents was granted the same year to Jacob Codebeck, Thomas Swartout, Anthony Swartout, Bernardus Swartout, Jan Tys, Peter Germar and David Jamison. This was loca- ted in what was called Peenpack. Many of the descend- ants of these patents are still living in that locality, Codebeck now being known as Cuddeback, and Germar as Gumaer. Some of the settlers on these patents wereFIRST SETTLEMENT. 25 Huguenots, or Frenchmen, who had voluntarily exiled themselves from France on account of their religious opinions being in conflict with the ruling powers. This is the origin of that name as applied to a small village a short distance north of Port Jervis at the present day. The following letter chronicles the second recorded visit of a white man to this territory; and as it is valu- able on account of the knowledge it imparts in regard to this history, I have copied it entire from page 49 of Eager's History of Orange County: (Copy of letters from Samuel Preston, Esq., dated Stockport, June 6th and 14th, 1828.) MINISINK, MINEHOLES, &C. “ In 1787 the writer went on his first surveying tour into Northampton County; he was deputed under John Lukens, Surveyor General, and received from him, by way of instructions, the following narrative respecting the settlement of Minisink on the Delaware, above the Kittany and Blue Mountain: That the settlement was formed for a long time before it was known to the Gov- ernment at Philadelphia. That when the Government was informed of the settlement, they passed a law in 1729, that any such purchases of the Indians should be null and void; and the purchasers indicted for forcible entry and detainer, according to the law of England. That in 1730 they appointed an agent to go and inves- tigate the facts; that the agent so appointed was the famous surveyor, Nicholas Scull; that he, James Lukens, was Nicholas Scull's apprentice to carry chain and learn surveying. That as they both understood and could talk Indian they hired Indian guides, and had a fatiguing journey, there being then no white inhabitants in the upper part of Bucks or Northampton Counties, That 226 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. they had very great difficulty to lead their horses through the water gap to Minisink flats, which were all settled with Hollanders; with several they could only be understood in Indian. At the venerable Depuis’ they found great hospitality and plenty of the necessaries of life. J. Lubens said that the first thing that struck his attention was a grove of apple trees of size far beyond any near Philadelphia. That as Nicholas Scull and himself examined the banks, they were fully of opinion that all those flats had at some former age been a deep lake before the river broke through the moun- tain, and that the best interpretation they could make of Minisink, was, the water is gone. That S. Depuis told them when the rivers were frozen he had a good road to Esopus, near Kingston, from the Mineholes,- on the Mine road, some hundred miles. That he took his wheat and cider there for salt and necessaries, and did not ap- pear to have any knowledge or idea where the . river ran (Philadelphia market) or of being in the government of Pennsylvania. “Theyw~ere of opinion that the first settlements of Hollanders in Minisink were many years older than William Penn’s charter, and that S. Depuis had treated them so well, they concluded to make a survey of his claim, in order to befriend him if necessary. When they began to survey, the Indians gathered around; an old Indian laid his hand on Nicholas Scull’s shoulder and said: ‘ Put up iron string, go home.’ They then quit and returned. “ I had it in charge from John Lukens to learn more particulars respecting the Mine road to Esopus, &c. I found Nicholas Depuis, Esq., son of Samuel, living in a spacious stone house in great plenty and affluence. The old Mineholes were a few miles above, on the JerseyFIRST SETTLEMENT. 27 side of the river by the lower point of Paaquarry Plat; that the Minisink settlement extended forty miles or more on both sides of the river. That he had well known the Mine road to Esopus, and used, before he opened the boat channel through Foul Rift, to drive on it several times every winter with loads of wheat and cider, as also did his neighbors, to purchase his salt and necessaries, in Esopus, having then no other market or knowledge where the river ran to. That after a navi- gable channel was opened through Foul Rift they gen- erally took to boating, and most of the settlement turned their trade down stream, the Mine road became less and less traveled. “This interview with the amiable Nicholas Depuis, was in June, 1787. He then appeared about sixty years of age. I interrogated as to the particulars of what he knew, as to when and by whom the Mine road was made, what was the ore they dug and hauled on it, what was the date, and from whence or how, came the first settlers of Minisink in such great numbers as to take up all the flats on both sides of the river for forty miles; He could only give traditionary accounts of what he had heard from older people, without date, in substance as follows: “ That in some former age there came a company of miners from Holland; supposed, from the great labor expended in making that road, about one hundred miles, that they were very rich or great people, in working the two mines—one on the Delaware, where the moun- tain nearly approaches the lower point of Paaquarry Flat—the other at the north foot of the same mountain, near half way from the Delaware and Esopus. He ever understood that abundance of ore had been hauled on that road, but never could learn whether lead or silver.28 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. That the first settlers came from Holland to seek a place of quiet, being persecuted for their religion. I believe they were Armenians. They followed the Mine road to the large flats on the Delaware. That smooth, cleared land suited their views. That they bona fide bought the improvements of the native Indians, most of whom then moved to the Susquehanna; that with such as remained, there was peace till 1755. I then went to view the Paaquarry Mineholes. There appeared to have been a great abundance of labor done there at some former time, but the mouths of these holes were caved full, and overgrown with bushes. I concluded to myself if there ever was a rich mine under that mountain, it must be there yet, in close confinement. The other old men I conversed with, gave their traditions similar to Nicholas Depuis, and they all appeared to be grandsons of the first settlers, and very ignorant as to the dates, and things relating to chronology. In the summer of 1789 I began to build on this place; then came two ven- erable gentlemen on a surveying expedition. They were the late Gen. James Clinton, the father of the late DeWitt Clinton, and Christopher Tappan, Esq., Clerk and Eecorder of Ulster Count3^. For many years before they had both been surveyors under Gen. Clinton’s father, when he was Surveyor-General. In order to learn some history from gentlemen of their general knowledge, I accompanied them in the woods. They both well knew the Mineholes, Mine road, &c., and as there were no kind of documents or records thereof, united in the opinion that it was a work transacted while the State of New York belonged to the govern- ment of Holland; that it fell to the English in 1664; and that the change of government stopped the mining business, and that the road must have been made, manyFIRST SETTLEMENT. £9 years before siich digging could have tteen done. That it undoubtedly must have been the first good road of that extent made in any part of the United States^” The settlement principally spoken of by the above writer, was on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware river, and visited from Philadelphia; but applies to the whole Minisink region. It discloses to our view a per- fect miniature world—peopled by a happy, contented race of. Europeans ; who for generations had lived in harmony among themselves, and in peace with their savage neighbors. Here generations lived the fleeting span of life in blissful ignorance of any outer or happier world beside, and were alike unknown outside the boun- daries of their own domain, until some wanderer chanced to come across their settlement, and went on his way, thereafter to remember, with gratitude and envy, the affluence and comfort that marked their rough but happy homes. No fashions from abroad intruded upon their attire, or simple hospitality—their customs were their own—their visits made among familiar friends— their parties and soirees given in true Minisink state, and no doubt better enjoyed by the homespun-clad young folks of that time, than many a skim-milk gather- ing of the present day. Here they were born and reared, from infancy to mature years; married the part- ners of their choice; “ Lived where their fathers lived, And died where they died* Lived happy—died happy,’’ and perhaps have gone to a happy home above. Plenty of mineral resources were within their reach, but they seem to have wisely left such pursuits to later and more speculative times. Whether those early mines produced lead or silver, is not known; but we are80 HISTORY Of' THE MIHtSINK REGiOtf. of opinion that it may have been silver, for the following reasons: First, the great length of road (one hundred miles) would have rendered next to impossible the cart- ing of such a bulky substance as lead, in any great quan- tity, or at least in sufficient quantities to have paid expenses—let alone liquidating the cost of constructing such a road as this was represented to be, and in places still is, through a wilderness. Second, all the old tradi- tions of those times confirm the belief that silver ore exists in Shawangunk Mountain, and that at early periods, mines of it were known and worked by the Indians and first settlers, that have since been concealed and forgotten. We once heard an old gentleman describe one of these mines that must have been located near one of those spoken of by the writer of the preceding- letter. It was made known to his father, and a neigh- bor, by one of the friendly Indians previous to their removal west in the old Indian war. The two observed great secrecy in working it, and frequently made long and mysterious journeys to dispose of their ore at dis- tant places. At last the Revolutionary war broke out, and they both determined to serve their country. Be- fore departing, they solemnly pledged themselves not to reveal the secret until the war was ended; and the better to carry out their plans, they went, one cold, dark night, and drew a large flat stone over the mouth of the mine, carefully obliterated all traces of their work, and ended by strewing leaves over the whole, until they themselves could hardly detect its whereabouts. About thirty paces directly east, they marked three trees that stood close together, in order to guide them, should either live to again desire to find it. One of them never returned; the other again sought his home after an absence of near nine years. Meanwhile the tide ofHllST SBmBMBtfh 31 war had visited his old neighborhood in the shape of predatory bands of Indians, and he found his family in a distant village where they had fled for protection^ his house, and that of his neighbors, having been destroyed by their foes. A year or so was occupied in again getting around them the comforts of a home, and when he again sought the mine, the timber had been so destroyed by the fire and ruthless vandalism, that no trace of the marked trees could be found. Days and weeks were spent in the search, but in vain. He then gave the information to others, but no one has ever yet removed the flat stone from the mouth of the silver mine. Another old gentleman, while we were staying in Wurtsboro’ one evening, gave us a somewhat flowery account of a silver mine, which we will notice.. The settlers in that vicinity had long noticed that the Indians had plenty of silver in a crude state, but could get no trace of the mine. Just before they left the country, our narrator’s father, then a youth of twelve or thirteen years of age, persuaded an old Indian chief, with whom he was a great favorite, to take him to it. He was blindfolded, and led a long way through the woods, with many twists and turns, till at last they commenced going down into the heart of the mountain, and he could dis- tinctly hear water trickling overhead. When his eyes vrere uncovered he stood before a solid vein of silver. Picking up a number of large pieces, his conductor forced him to return in the same manner as he entered; and though afterwards he searched for it, over every foot of ground near its supposed vicinity, he could never find it. Every seven years,” quoth our friend, “ a bright light, like a candle, rises at twelve o’clock at night, above the mine, and disappears in the clouds.32 HISTORY OF THE MINlSINK REGION. But no one that has seen it, has ever been able, light, to find from whence it rose.”CHAPTER III. CHURCH AFFAIRS. Like all the rest of the human family, the inhabitants of Minisink naturally felt a little anxious as to where their final lot would be cast in the world of spirits; for tradition had handed down to them the lessons of their forefathers in their own fatherland, and many an old bible and hymn book that had, perhaps, spoken sharply to the consciences of their ancestors on the banks of the Zuyder Zee, in Holland, or by the side of the Seine, in sunny Prance—done duty through long nights of fearful peril on the bosom of the stormy Atlantic, and consoled the minds of sinners miserably sea-sick during the first weeks of the months that then were required to place them from the old continent on the new—even yet spoke in trumpet-tones to the evil-doers by the banks of the Delaware and Neversink. Though the leaves were perhaps worn and soiled, and it may be somewhat torn, the old bible still spoke to them in a voice that was as stern and as strong as when of yore it reproved the sins of their grandfathers and grandmothers. It pointed just as unerringly to the lake prepared of fire and brim- stone for those that turned aside from the path of recti- tude. Its warnings were not to be disregarded—for g* - -34 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. though apparently a community outside the pale of the civilized world, they knew that the eye of Divine Prov- idence was just as watchful of the affairs of the few settlers on the Minisink flats, as of those of Amsterdam or Paris. At first neighbors talked of it when they met, and their good dames discussed it of evenings while enjoying a sociable visit. Then it became talked of generally; and finally a meeting of the veteran settlers was called, and it was determined to have preaching and psalm-singing, such as their fathers and mothers told them they had often listened to of a Sabbath, ’neath the roof of a church in their own native land. Every one contributed to the good work,—the old men and women because they felt it their duty,—the young men and women because they liked some place to repair to on the Sabbath, where they could unite their voices in hymns of praise, and perchance find opportunities of speaking a word or two with each other on the sly; for the young people of that day probably possessed the same feelings as those of to-day, though far less burdened with fashionable hypocrisy. It was agreed that the community was large enough for four congregations, and accordingly it was so divided. The means was collected, and the construction of the four churches was probably commenced in 1736. A young man among them, John Casparus Fryenmuth, who had been studying with the intention of becoming a minister, was furnished with funds to go to Holland, where he completed his studies and was ordained. He returned and became pastor of the four congregations in the year 1742. The first church was called the Mackhackemeck Church; and was located about a half mile south of where Port Jervis now stands, and about half a mile from the junction of the Neversink and Delaware, in a north-easterly direarty, his opponents assailed him much in the manner of the Hackensack dominie, but not in such violent terms. They listened to his preaching and respected his. talents, but succeeded in getting him removed in the year 1771. By this time the excitement had run its length, and in the following year almost wholly subsided, after having been a potent spirit of dissension for more than thirty years. Mr. Thomas Romeyn was born at Pump ton, N. J., March 20, 1729. He commenced his studies for the ministry April, 1747. He sailed from New York to Europe April 11th, 1752; and was ordained by the Classis at Amsterdam, Sept. 3, of the same year. He must have immediately sailed for America, for he accept- ed a call Nov. 10, of the same year, at Flatbush, Long Island. June 29, 1756, he was married to Margaret44 nmoMj>f the minisikk region. Frelinghuyson, daughter* of the Rev. Theodore Frelitig* huyson. His eldest son, Theodore, was born Nov. 28, 1757; and his mother died the 25th day of the following month. Mr. Romeyn came to Minisink Sept. 6th, 1760, and married his second wife, Susannah Van Compton, daugh- ter of Col. Abm. Van Compton, of Paquary, Oct. 30, of the same year. By his last wife he had six sons—Abra- ham, born Aug. 9, 1761, about three miles below the brick house, New Jersey, Nicholas, James V. C., John, Benjamin and Thomas. He went to Cahnawaga, N. Y., in 1772, where he officiated as minister for one year; ' when he was disabled by the palsy, we believe, and died October 22, 1794. Three of his sons entered the ministry. Theodore settled at Somerville, New Jersey, where he died at the age of 29. James was pastor of the church at Hacken- sack, New Jersey, thirty-three years, and died June^ 1840. The sixth son studied for the ministry, but died at the age of twenty-two. The seventh son was pastor of the church at Niskawgna, a little north of Albany, and was living June 9, 1855, aged seventy-eight years. For thirteen or fourteen years after his leaving Minisink, a blank occurs. Rev. Elias Van Benschoten was installed as pastor of Mackhackemeck church August 28, 1785. The church had been burned by Brandt’s Indians in 1779, and the second church was built during the first two years of Van Benschoten’s pastorate, near the site of the first. In 1793 an inventory of the church property was made, as follows: “ March 29, 1793. “ An inventory of all the estate, both real and per- sonal, with the annual revenue arising thereon, belongingCHURCH AFFAIRS. 45 to the Dutch Reformed Church of Mackhackemeck, in the County of Orange: “ One acre of ground, with the church on it, without any annual revenue from the seats. 11 Third part of 23 acres and some parts of an acre of ground, with a house and barn on it, which the minister possesses for the time being as part of his salary. “ Between <£44 and £45 subscribed yearly to pay to the elders and deacons of said church, and by them to be paid unto our present minister while he resides among us. “ One Bible, one Psalm book, one book of records. “Sabbath day collection in bank £2 15$. 9d. “ One little trunk. (Here follows a certificate stating the inventory to have been exhibited to William Wickham, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas for Orange county.) “ Benjamin Depuy, “ Sworn to March ) “ Harmanus Yan Inwegen, 29th, 1793. j “ Johannes Decker, “ William Wickham. v “ Wilhelmus Cole, “ Martinus Decker/' The little trunk mentioned is in good preservation, and its countenance as unruffled as though but two years, instead of seventy-three, had passed over it. Mr. Yan Benschoten's pastoral relations were dis- solved, we believe, in 1795; though he probably remained in the vicinity till after 1-800. He died near Decker- town, N. J., where he owned a farm. Rev. John Demarest was his successor in 1803-4, and remained till about 1808. Rev. Cornelius C. Elting, the fifth in order, came to Mackhackemeck January 25, 1817, aged twenty-four years, and continued the services till he died, October4(3 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. 24th, 1843. During his stay, in 1834, the present edifice was built—the land being donated by the Dela- ware and Hudson Canal Company. In 1838 the name was changed by act of the legislature to the “ Dutch Reformed Church of Deerpark.” Rev. George P. Van Wyck became, his successor February 29, 1844. He remained till 1852. Rev. Hiram Slawson succeeded him February 22,1853. Rev. S. W. Mills is the present incumbent, a notice of whose family will be found in chapter xi. of this work. The inhabitants of the Minisink region have become sadly diverse in religious matters since the building of the old church one hundred and twenty-nine years ago; and instead of four churches, numbers of them now abound of different denominations. But though they now have njore modern appliances for worship,—costlier buildings of more fashionable exterior—huge bells of sounding brass—seats cushioned and pulpits trimmed with softest velvet, and organs tuned to greatest har- mony,—how much more sincere seems the rude piety of our Minisink ancestry, whose four churches were built for convenience without regard to fashion—the seats in them being undoubtedly of rough boards; whose only music was the voices of fathers, mothers, sisters and brothers, sending anthems of praise in Nature’s melody up to Nature’s God; and the hour of worship announced on a Sabbath morning by the far echoing notes of a simple tin horn ! “ No sculptured marble marked the place Where God’s high altar stood; It rose with unassuming grace Of plain unpainted wood.”CIIxVPTER IV. THE WAR WITH THE JERSEYMEN. The heroic people of this region did not suffer their minor difficulties to hinder them from defending their rights against all foes, whether native or foreign; and for a period of sixty-seven years, fought a war second to none in the brilliancy of the strategical operations, and daring achievements—though the. number of the slain may not have equaled the number of the one battle of the Wilderness, or their generals the fame of a Sherman or a Grant. The war partook of the general character of a border fray, and arose from a dispute in regard to the boundary line between New York and New Jersey. Charles II., King of England, gave his brother, the Duke of York, afterward King James II., a patent of all the lands “ from the West side of the Connecticut River to the East side of Delaware Bay/7 dated March 12th, 1663. On June 24th of the following year, the Duke granted by lease and release all the tract of country now known as New Jersey—then called Nova Ccesarea (so described in the patent)—to John, Lord Berkley, and Sir George Cartaret, bounded as follows: “ Southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May at the mouth of the Delaware, then along said River or Bay to the Northward as far as the North wardmost branch of the48 THE WAR WITH THE JERSEYMEN. said Bay or River, which is in latitude 41 deg. 40 min., and crosseth over thence in a straight line to the latitude 41 deg., on Hudson's River.” Cartaret took the east half of the province and Berkley the west, and thus it became called East and West New Jersey. The Dutch re-conquered New York in 1673, and this territory again came into their possession; but a treaty of peace being concluded February 9,1674, between England and Holland, it was restored to the English. Sir George Cartaret immedi- ately took the precaution of having a new patent made out the 29th of July following the treaty of peace, and the boundaries were again defined in about the same general terms as before. A discussion soon arose as to which should be* consid- ered the “ Northwardinost branch ” of the Delaware river. All agreed on a point on the Hudson river, in latitude 41 deg.; but the New York men insisted that the line should reach the Delaware at the southern extremity of what is called Big Minisink Island, and the* Jerseymen as stoutly contended that it should touch the Delaware a little south of where Cochecton now stands —thus leaving a territory in dispute several miles wide at the west end, and tapering to a point at the east. This included a good part of the Minisink region. The proprietors, under the New Jersey government, parceled out the land in tracts to different persons, and these came on to assume possession. The Minisink people having enjoyed possession for a long time refused to agree to this, and determined to maintain their claims. Recrimination and retaliation followed, and a general border warfare took place. Numbers of the Minisink people were taken prisoners and lodged in the prisons of New Jersey, and a state of alarm and danger prevailed.THE WAR WITH THE JERSEYMEN. 49 The men went constantly armed, prepared to defend them&elves to the last extremity, and keeping a con- stantlookout for the appearance of their meddlesome foes, s ^ The first regular series of engagements of much notoriety that is recorded, resulted from the efforts made to obtain possession of the lands of one Major Swartout, between the years 1730 and 1740. The Major was a true gentleman of the old school, a hale, bluff old* pioneer. He was major of the militia of Orange county, and when parade days came around, none pre- sented a more military appearance. The people of Goshen, where the military parades then took place, as fully considered the major a part of the occasion as they were certain that the day came round. It was then he was in his element. Mounted on his powerful horse, at the heai^^e*::scHne:«tmLey:: enw&ry tmomont of which waspassed in anxious expectation by theheroes :of the atnbush. At last they saw Mm dome i©uto££he house, and as he passed through the orchard, agive-the required signal.: Simultaneously they made a •msh^with a yell of defiance that would have done credit ofo a-hwd of< Minisinh Ilians. The occupants * of the -houselwere totally unprepared; even had it been otther- ■wise it Would have availed them nothing. -Sight on came the Major, puffing and5 blowing with the extraor- dinary exercise of aidouble-quick, and the effort needed to :keepi an upright position, owing to the scabbard of his big sword so frequently getting entangled with his degs^M^fo behind him came his company, in an irreg- ular line, but with a determination visible to do or to Idie. oB%ht on they came with an impetuosity that estopped? at no impediment! On they came over the beeteand onion beds in the* garden; over the door-yard fencej and the flower beds in the door yard!—on h-*on th&y charged right up to thevery door. The fastenings igave^ way before the pressure* and in less time than it ;s fotees tatellit, the inmates were taken by the napes of their necks * ; and! walked out-doors—the Major daiming the privilege of bestowing three or four hearty kicks upon -ttha rtug^def’s rear* as a parting admonition when he •stepped from the door. Their goods were quickly thrown put after them, and thus' was this decisive Vic- ntoiry gained without the loss of a single man. -Knowing that this would be followed by a more ex- pensive raid, the people of. Minisink procured the ser- vices of a spy, who lived among the-Jersey claimants, . some twenty miles distant] and thus ? got information of ^t&emimtended movements in ^fiine* tofrtistarate7them.52 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. The Major’s son-in-law, one Harmanus Yan Inwegen, also acquired considerable fame during this struggle. He is recorded to have been a very bold, intrepid man, and to have possessed great strength. As an instance of this it is stated that on one occasion, while at jvork in the field, word was brought to him that some Indians were at his house abusing his family. He at once re- paired to the house, and entering it abruptly, grappled with the Indians, and after a sharp hand-to-hand strug- gle, succeeded in overpowering and driving them from the house by main strength alone. This was the more courageous from the fact that the Indians were armed with guns and attempted to shoot him frequently during the contest. About 1740, word was conveyed to the Minisink peo- ple that the “Jersey Blues” contemplated a grand raid on the disputed territory during the fall of that year, and preparations were made to give them a warm reception. On the day of the expected attack, the owners of the territory, with their sons and relatives, collected at the house of Harmanus Yan Inwegen. They were well armed and equipped, and met seriously with the determination of maintaining their rights. Major Swartout was unanimously chosen commander, and pro- ceeded to organize the forces. * They were deployed in double column fronting the direction of the expected at- tack, the right and left wings under command of Jacob Cuddeback and old Mr. Yan Inwegen, respectively. They were both as resolute as the Major, and when their positions were assigned them, took their places in front of the line; remarking, that as they were old men their lives were not so valuable as those of the young, and they desired to occupy the most exposed situations. The Major then took bis station in front, to lead and giveTHE WAR WITH THE JERSEYMEN. 53 the word of command. Never had he felt so proudly as when on that eventful day he cast his eye along the well- formed lines of his little army. Even the feather in his cocked hat seemed to be aware of the important posi- tion, it occupied, and danced lightly in the breeze as if eager for the conflict. Especially did his eye rest with delight on his wing commanders—they were his depend- ence; for full well he understood, that the quickest way to make an army fly is to break its wings; and these he had reason to know would be the weakest parts of the enemy's lines. Not long had they to wait. The enemy soon made his appearance in strong force on the road. His lines were well filled and the men looked stout and well armed. Their commander too was a constable from the land of Jersey—a man powerful in his own estimation, and more especially so when armed as he now was with the terrible majesty of authority conferred by reason of the law. The Major, who had before felt confident of an easy victory, now began to feel some misgivings as to the result. The pommel of his sword, upon which his hand rested, felt only about half as large as before, and the feather in his cocked hat began to smooth itself down behind the crown. On came the constable and the Jersey men in fearful array, though somewhat dismayed at the unexpected force opposed to them. The constable’s nether lip began to lengthen dubiously, and his knees to tremble in spite of himself; but there was no backing out now. The distance began to shorten visibly between the contending forces. Timid ones began to cast anxious glances behind them and to wish themselves anywhere but at that particular place. Visions of past misdeeds floated through their minds, coupled with the thought that a repentance would avail nothing when brought about by fear ajone. The dis-HISTORY OF THE iMINISINK -REGION; 54 tance lessened, j A few moments more and = the rbafttlei .* would begin. The forces are within gunshot* ? Bttt «edr the courage of the constable’s men begins to wavor^- : their steps grow shorter, and he commands a haltff lb j was a moment oT dread suspense. One word and death would most probably have visited the rank& of both> parties* Gerardus Swartout, a son of the Major, ? not’ knowing whether it would be best to kill anjrof the foev at this juncture called to his father to know how he : should fire* The Major remembered their raid upon- his house, and the death of his wife, who was sick at the time and who died afterwards from the effect of their - hasty removal, and replied determinedly, “ Kill thein4,? This was the finishing stroke; the Jerseymen had*sUp- posed their formidable display would strike terror rto* the opposing ranks, but when they heard the . Majors reply and saw his men ready to execute it, it filled them?* with consternatidn, and they struck an airdihe for ?the^i nearest woods. The Major’s men took a circuitous route and intercepted them while passing a ? ravine^ about two miles from the scene of battle. They at once * fired upon the marauders, and their rout becameJgcfo^ eral. The only life lost was that of the constdblete horsey which fell at the first fire, giving its ownefclailift? in the world he had not calculated on, and Ismdir^/. him in a 4>unch of brambles.; Out of this he crawled, minus hat and gun, and struck the very fastest igait he could] on a bee-line for New Jersey, each particular hair stand-: ing so straight behind that it was said a picfeaxe«could - have been hung upon it and not have fallen off*' The victory was complete; and thus in the second, regular, engagement did the Jerseymen return home worsteds The next raid of the Jerseymen took place in 1758, and was made to obtain possession of tho lands and piwvTHE WAR WITH THE JERSEYMEN. 55 ;on of Thomas, De Key (or Dekay), who was at that time Oolonel; of the Orange county militia, and also justice of he peace. De Key, wishing to get along without any listurbance, went to James Alexander, one of the pro- prietors of East New Jersey, and asked to remain mmolested till the boundary should be determined. This Alexander would not agree to, stating that the land belonged to New Jersey, and that he must* submit to the laws of that State. This the Colonel in turn refused to do, and so the question remained^ Shortly after, a parjy of armed men from New Jersey appeared before the Colonel's door. He had perceived them approach- ing^ and hadprepared for defense by arming himself and stoutly barricading all the entrances to the house. He then appeared at a window and warned them that death awaited the first man who should undertake to force an entrance to the house. This rather checkma- ted their plans. Some of them cocked their guns and threatened to shoot the Colonel through the heart as he stood at the window—others swearing they would set fire to the house and shoot every man* woman and child, that should undertake to flee from it; and somedeclaring in favorjof starving him out. But Colonel De Key was not so easily intimidated. He stuck to his position, and the enemy again were forced to retire, vowing that next time th^y would bring a force with them large enough to tak# the whole of Goshen* and assuring the Colonel that they would have him yet, Th# matoe* was frequently bought before the Colo- nial Assemblies of both New York and; New Jersey, by the proprietors of the Minisink and Wawayanada patents, and in? 175^1 C/ieut, Gov. JamesDe Lancey noticed it in the fo^wing message, to that body in New York: “ (fewifewe«^-The; division, linebetweeathis govern-56 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. ment and the province of New Jersey not being settled, has given rise to great tumults and disorders among the people of Orange County and the adjacent inhabitants of New Jersey, and may produce worse evils unless pre- vented by a timely care. Nothing can answer the pur- pose so effectually, I think, as the fixing of a temporary line of peace^between us, until his Majesty's pleasure shall be known in the matter. Governer Belcher assures me of his sincere desire that amicable and conciliatory measures may be fallen upon by the governments to make the borders easy: and I have proposed to him the running such line conformable to the opinion of his Majesty's council, signified in their report to me, which I shall order to be laid before you, and if it receives your approbation I shall forthwith appoint commissioners for running such line of peace, and apply to that govern- ment to do the like on their part." But notwithstanding the above message promised to so speedily provide for the welfare of the people of Min- isink by a settlement of this vexatious question, it was not heard of again for years, and the quarrel continued. About 1765 the last raid of the Jerseymen took place, for the capture of Major and Johannes Westbrook—two persons who lived within the limits of the disputed ter- ritory, and were leading men in the ranks of the Mini- sink claimants. The invaders chose Sunday for the accomplishment of their design, and resolved to falsify the old proverb that “ Evil men love darkness rather than light," by making the venture in broad daylight. The appointed day came. The Major and Captain Westbrook as usual attended the Maghackemeck Church, to listen to the expounding of divine writ by Mr. Thomas Romeyn, the pastor. The psalms were sung, the prayers made, and the minister went on with his discourse.THE WAR WITH THE JERSEYMEN. 57 Little thought his hearers as they waxed drowsy with the length of the good man's sermon and the warmth of the day, that a far more exciting topic than his'every- day struggle in wordy combat with the powers of dark- ness, awaited their consideration; that even while they suffered their thoughts to stray from the text to the satisfy- iug consolation of a good Sunday dinner, a circle of dark forms was drawing closer and closer around the edifice. The services closed. It was a direful moment. The Major and Captain Westbrook appeared, and the be- siegers rushed toward them with a shout. But quick as were their movements, those of the attacked were quicker. Hats and coats were doffed—shouts of defi- ance arose—positions of defence assumed on the instant, and the attackers met with stubborn resistance. Neither party violated the sanctity of the Sabbath by the use of arms other than those given by nature. The women screamed, cried and scolded—the men shouted, fought, and no doubt thought of some very profane words, if they did not speak them. The place which a few moments before was a perfect pattern of Sabbath quietness, was changed as if by the enchanter's wand into a complete pandemonium. Frightful sounds of discord, kicks, cuffs, blows and maddened yells of victory or pain, mingled with the tones of entreaty, sobs and screams, filled the air. The green was covered with the crowd of terrified women and maddened, struggling men. “ Long time in even scale the battle hung.” Down and up, and over and under they went as the tide* of battle turned. The faces so contented and serene while the minister was fighting evil doers with the Scriptures, now began to present a motley array of bloody noses, blackened eyes, and lips cut and swollen, since they had grappled with the powers of New Jersey. . 8*58 Hl&m%Y OF THE MINISIKK REGION. But why prolong the description of this unequal contest ? The Jerseymen in this instance proved too numerous for t£e Minisinkers, and marched off the Major Uud Captain in triumph. The prisoners, however, without doubt, consoled themselves somewhat with the thought that they had at least made their capture a H lively time ” for their assailants. They were confined some time in what was called the Jersey Colony prison, but finally released. Thus this hard-fought battle of the fist was at last productive of barren results. This was the last Signal engagement of the war. The governments of the two Colonies in 1767 appointed Commissioners to run a boundary line, but such was the bitterness of feeling among the inhabitants that they dared not do it, and as a reason for not performing their duty, stated in their report that the Indians were so hostile they deemed it unsafe. The line was shortly after surveyed however, the disputed territory'about equally divided between the olaimants--end so the war was peaceably settled at last, just as it might have been at first, if the niing powers had been composed of men desirous of doing so.CHAPTER V. INCIDENTS OP THE PBENCH AND INDIAN WAR. The two governments, France and England, could not Fail of being jealous of each other, rivals as they were for the inastery of the western continent; and this feel- ihg fouhd vent in a continued series of predatory excur- sions into each other’s colonial possessions, and divers strategical efforts to gain the ascendancy in a favora- ble alliance with the warlike tribes of Indians. Espe- cially was this the case along the borders of the Canadas and the province of New York and those of New Eng- land. It* was this Spirit of hatred and jealousy among the Indians, fostered and encouraged bn the one side by the English against the French, and on the other by the French against the English, that caused such a long recdrd of horrible atrocities to be connected with the Indian haine in the early history of the Colonies. Put though for many years the tide of war had vacillated between the opposing parties with undecisive results to either side, its bloody front had not as yet shown itself in a seribtis form among the settlers of the Minisink region ; and it was hot till T754 that they began to perbbive signs of an approaching tempest. During that jrear England directed the Colonies to oppose the encrbachhiehts of the French by force of arms, though the Mother ibttiitries were at peace ‘with each other, The war gfadtiaily increased, and the following year60 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. became a general contest between the two nations, and has been ever since known in history as the “ old French and Indian war of 1755.” The struggle was entered upon with the determina- tion to throw all possible force into the scale. In Feb- ruary of that year, the legislature of New York voted 45,000 pounds sterling to defray expenses, and in May ordered a levy of 800 men to be made to co-operate with the troops of the other Colonies. The most stringent measures were adopted to secure the public safety ; and among others equally severe, was a law passed the same year by the legislature, to the effect that in cases of imminent danger, slaves were liable to military duty, and that if any colored person over the age of fourteen was found a mile or more from his or her master's plan- tation, without a certificate from the master stating their business, they were to be judged guilty of felony, without benefit of clergy. The same law also declared that any person, so finding a slave or slaves had the right to shoot or destroy him or them without being liable to impeachment or prosecution for the same. The first intimation the Minisink settlers had of approaching danger, was the disappearance of the Indians from their neighborhood. Squads of them that had been on the most friendly terms with the whites were suddenly missed, and the few Indians that remained told them that they had gone to join the hostile tribes near Cochecton and farther west. The settlers knew enough of Indian character to foresee the ordeal to which they were to be subjected, and began to prepare for the worst. The women and children were first sent to a place of safety—to Old Paltz, Rochester, and Wawarsing'in Ulster county, and to Goshen in Orange, at all of which places the majority of them had relativesTHE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 61 by marriage or otherwise; for they knew the fury of the Indian would be vented alike on the strong and the helpless. Though their vicinity had hitherto been spared, the terrible details of Indian vengeance as seen iii the murder at Schaghticoke were fresh in their memory. Capt. Johannis Bratt and David Ketlin were two pioneers in the wilderness, at a place called by the Indians Schaghticoke, near Albany. For companionship they built their houses a short distance apart, and many a long day in this lonely place the only sound heard by either to enliven his toil, was the echo of the other’s axe amid the mighty timber. Time enabled them to surround themselves with many comforts, and Indian depredations so frequent in the surrounding country had been a thing unknown to them, except by rumor, which never failed to tell them of horrible crimes committed, whenever they went to Albany for neces- saries. But they had done nothing to incur the resent- ment of the red man, and so they trusted in Providence and toiled on. On the 20th of October, 1711, they started from their homes to visit a settlement distant some two miles—Ketlin on foot and Bratt on horseback. They had proceeded but a short distance, when they met an Indian sauntering along with his gun upon his shoulder. Ketlin spoke to him in the Indian language, and asked where he was going. He replied that he was going a hunting. “ But/’ said Ketlin, “ where are your comrades?” He answered, “They have gone ahead into the woods.” Ketlin turned to Capt. Bratt, remarking in Dutch that there was something suspicious about his actions, and that he was a strange Indian. The instant Ketlin turned to speak to the Captain, the Indian slung his rifle to his shoulder and fired, killing62 mmowr of the inmsiKK UBOIon. the Captain dead upon his horse. The suddenness of the terrific act, for a moment, paralyzed * Kfetlln's thoughts, but it Was for a moment only. He knew that his own life depended on the quickness of his Move- ments, ahd sprang at once to grapple with his foe, as he had no weapons of any kind. The Indian haddf&Wn his tomahawk, or rather axe, and as Ketlin approached struck a Murderous blow at his head ; but he dodged it, and scarcely too, for the helve hit his SftOtild&i\ Then came the Struggle for life. Ketlin was a powerful Main, arid desperation lent him new strength. It Was an anxious Moment, that comprehended the period of that trial of strength on foot; but Ketlin was the superior and succeeded in throwing his antagonist. In the fall he Was also fbrtftnate enough to secure the fixe in his left hand. The Indian saw that he was gaining the advantage/ but like 1 his tribe, it only seemed to increase his courage. “ You shall die,” he hissed between his set teeth. “ There "ire twenty French Indians on both sides the river.” “ That may be,” said Ketlin, “ but you will die first.” To Carry out the threat, he undertook to change the axe from his left hand to his right. At that instant the Indian, concentrating all his energies, gave him a tre- mendous heave. It displaced him somewhat, Mid ere he cOuld recover his advantage the Indian gained his feet, broke from his grasp, and with a yell of triumph dis- appeared in tlie forest. He started to pursue him, but a vine caught his foot and threw him violently to the gtouhd. Ketlin brought the Indian’s gun and axe home and then Went to the settlement and notified the inhab- itants of the struggle. Capt. Bratt’s body Was brought to Albany the same day. Knowing the habits OfTbdianWB FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 68 ’ warfare, it was reasonable to suppose that they would seek revenge that night. KetKn therefore procured the services of three soldiers and proceeded to prepare his house for defense. The little garrison consisted of K&tlih’s family, his brother’s wife and two children,: the three soldiers, and an Indian boy. The evening wore aWay in silence. Sours passed slowly to the fearful minds of the watchful ones in that lonely house r and still no signs of the enemy. Abdut midnight a timid knock was heard upon the dbbr. Ketlin asked in the Indian tongue who was there. An Indian voice answered,It is I.” “ Where do you come from ?n asked Ketlin. “• Prom the other side of the river. I am a friend and wish to help you against the French Indians. Open the door.” I am afraid you will cheat me,” said Eetlin. “ No,” replied the Indian, “ Fm a friend ; open the door.” A hurried consultation was held by the inmates, and almost all opposed it. But Ketlin declared that if a friend they needed his help, and if an enemy they could very easily keep him out. Suiting his action to his opinion, he fearlessly stepped to the door and swung it partly open. Dearly did he pay fotvhis temerity. In- stantly there was a blinding flash of light, a deafening report, and he fell dead, pierced by six musket balls. A moment’s silence, and then the whole forest seemed alive with the whooping demons. The soldiers fired a volley at the dusky forms of the advancing savages; it checked them, and Ketlin’s son, a boy of sixteen, sprang up and closed the door. The women loaded the rifles, and handed the ammunition to the heroic defenders of that ill-starred house. Long they kept the enemy at64 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. bay by firing from the port-holes and windows, but it was doomed to be all in vain. A low spluttering sound kept rising higher and higher, till at last it made itself heard above the crack of the rifles and the yells of the savage foe. A kind of yellow twilight began to light up the forest. The beseiged gathered around the dead body of their friend, husband and father, and debated as to the last chance they had of saving themselves'. The savages were silent now—their success was certain. The house was on fire. Nothing now disturbed the stillness of the night, save the increasing roar of the crackling flames. The coals began to fall through the floor overhead, and the inmates knew they could stay in the house no longer. A brief prayer was breathed; they grasped each other's hand in a mute farewell, for well they knew they would never all meet together again until they gained the shores of the unknown world of eternity. Then one of the soldiers opened the door and cried “ Now !” and they all sprang for their lives. The soldiers were ahead. The first one was shot dead; the next was pursued and taken prisoner, and the third one shot. The next was the Indian boy, who was shot through the arm and breast, but succeeded in getting to the woods and escaped. Ketlin's son kept firing till he was at last shot through the shoulder and taken pris- oner. The women and children were made prisoners. Fire was applied to the barns, and the whole party then started away. About a quarter of a mile from the % house, Ketlin's wife being in a very delicate situation, was so overcome by fright that she sank down by the path. Seeing she could proceed no farther, one of the savages bared her throat across a small log. She made no complaint, but folding her hands over her breast, closed her eyes, and met her doom without a sigh. ATHE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 65 moment the tomahawk was poised in the air, and as the light from her burning home lighted up her bare throat, it descended swiftly and her head was almost severed from her body. Then grasping the hair of her head in one hand, he dexterously drew the scalping-knife in the other, and running a gash around the scalp tore it off with a sudden wrench, swung aloft his bloody trophy with a whoop, and rejoined his comrades. The other woman had a young child she carried in her arms. Shortly after the murder of Ketlin's wife it began to cry, and all its mother's efforts to keep it quiet were unavailing. Angry at its noise, one of the savages seized it by the heels, tore it from its mother's arms, swung it out at arms' length and dashed its brains out against an oak tree. At the fate of her infant, the mother uttered a heart-piercing cry. It was her last. In an instant the murderous tomahawk had sank into her brain, and the next moment her form lay upon the ground, a scalpless, quivering corpse. AH that returned to tell the tale was the Indian boy who escaped from the burning house. The other par- ticulars were learned from an old lame Indian who hap- pened in the vicinity and followed the retreating party. (Vol. v. p. 281 Doc. relating to N. Y.) This incident is given, not because it was remembered more by the people of Minisink than others of the kind, but because it more fully illustrates the leading traits of Indian Character—duplicity, cunning and revenge. No wonder was it that the inhabitants of the Minisink Region betook themselves to measures of defense at the first alarm. Some of their bravest, men had volun- teered to. fight against the French, and the people of the Peenpack neighborhood had furnished the great northern expedition with a team, wagon, and teamster.HISUQfcy OF THE -MINISINX; f REGION. 6ft ^ Tbteefort$ were built in what was known as the Ripper 5 neighborhood - {or Peenpaek), and three in the .lower * neighborhood next the Delaware river. ThoseinPeen- pack were located* one on the Neversink at the north-, west end of the settlement, not far from where Cudder* baekville now stands; one at the house of Peter Gnmae& in the central part of the neighborhood; and one in the southwest of the settlement, at the house of Mf* Wesfr : fall, near the farm lately occupied by Peter Sw&riqot, Esq.- These threeforts gave protection to about twelve families. The location) of the three forts in the > lower neighborhood is not precisely known, no record of them? ^ being preserved. They are said to have afforded tection to about eighteen families. The first incident that showed the people of this region how well-tuned were their; precautions* ocourared ? about the time-of harvest in the year 1756: Three men in the, lower neighborhood went out onei morjaing? to, commence cutting a field of grain . As usual they ^took* their guns along, not thanking however of seedngr any Indians, as nothing had been heard of any inithe vicinity. Arriving at the .field they set down their guns and eftmrt menced work* While 'working along: burily they goto some distance fromitheiriarms, and were suddenty.st^itf' led by the dread war whoop. A glance showed thi^a their peril.2 A e party of Indians -had beenlyingsrma ambushrand had seized their guns, They ran for their;; lives, but the Indians’ aim was unerring. They Were ill t three kitted, and their scalpless bodies found soon after. Pursuit was giveny, but in vainy the spoilers were toa> wary to be overtaken. At another timfe.a band of Indians made an effort to capture^the i fort at* Westfall^ and came near* being! i suocessfuh Theysent out a couple of scouts who ,die*?THR>FBEN#H AND INDIAN ^ 6T ccWeied Aheiforttor be occupied by two ^womeu «■■ only* As soonas this intelligence reached the main body they •; madeinstant preparations for its? capture* But luckily, inrtkej internali a party ? of soldier i going from ; Newr- Jersey iO'EsOpmeame along, and istopped at the /fotpfc > for refreshments. Not knowing , tbie, the Indies endi t deolyhurat in the doors, before the soldiers were fairlyo sealted« < They were somewhat surprised at ? thei mnex-) peoted,presence of the> soldiers,. but nothing daunted, they fired h volley* at them and then throwing aside their guns fell upon them with the > tomahawk- r The * soldidra retreated to the chamber of the building,jandu recovering * from the firstapanic, theyv opened rsuoh :a , deadly fire upon the intruders that; they - were >soon fenced to vacate the premises. ■ This was a closely cour tested battle and cost the lives of severaLof thesokhers > asrtWsll asla goodly number of the Indians.- But the settlers were not always successful in these a contests*. A large partyof Indians; during one ofi their forays^ into the settlement, attacked :the tupper > forteon- the* Nj^rainkv; It was well garrisoned, and its defends er&m&de a brave resistance, Onesavageafterianother fedlbefcre the aim of: the beseiged* and.they wouldasobm .? have had.to give up the attack hadnot the fort taken * fire fromiiliei burning of the barn near, * by* The beat * soon be camemq intense that the inmates were forced to the alterative of * rising their-chances by»flight or, peri^hingin theflames* There was not much difference imthimodjesbf deailiv and bothnwem certain* As that flameaenveloped thebuilding, one after ; another stole- from thedeath by fire, only4o meet a moroispeedy bne by the bullet or tomahawks Not >a. single .man-off the gaisrfaon e&daped. i The only women* in the font* >- the i Captainla 'wife\ and-a colored woma®^ secrete# them*68 HISTORY OP THE HINISINK REGION. selves in the cellar. Here they remained till the coals began to fall through the floor, when the white woman ran out and endeavored to elude pursuit by running round the house. The Indians followed her in a body, and soon overtook and killed her. When the shout of victory that announced the death of the Captain’s wife, reached the ears of the black woman, she rightly judged it a proper time to make a trial for life ; and accordingly ran under the shadow of the smoke for the nearest woods. The savages being on the other side of the fort did not perceive her, and she gained the covert of the timber in safety! She then concealed herself on the banks of the Neversink till morning, when she took a circuitous route through the woods to Gumaer’s fort, the sole survivor of the massacre. The Captain came home a day. or two afterwards, and then learned for the first time the tidings of the sad catastrophe. The friends, the comfortable home, the loving wife—all he had but a short time before left so happy and cheerful— were gone I Nothing remained to tell of their existence but the smoldering ashes of the fort and the disfigured corpses of its occupants. By the grave of his wife he took an oath of vengeance ; and during the remaining years of his life, many a red-skin was sent to the world of spirits by his hand, in redemption of the pledge. There was an incident connected with the capture of this fort, that for a long time was held by the super- stitious people of the neighborhood as a singular fatality. Two women from Gumaer’s fort had been there visiting on the day of the attack. During their visit the soldiers had been telling stories and jokes, and getting the “ rig” on different ones as usual. Among other things they told the colored woman they were going to be attacked by the Indians soon, and that she need not expect toTHE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 69 escape for she was too fat to run fast. The result was altogether different from their prophecy. The attack came sooner than they dreamt of, and she was the only one that did escape. Whenever one of the settlers wished to visit his relatives at Goshen, or in Napanoch, it was always necessary to take along an escort of soldiers, or to travel in companies, so beset were the roads with lurking savages. Abraham Low and William Cuddeback, on one occasion undertook a journey to Rochester, Ulster county, alone in a wagon. On the return route, near home, they were shot at by Indians concealed near the roadside. Low was wounded in the shoulder, but by applying the whip vigorously, the horse soon carried them out of danger. A man named Owens, was soon after killed while at work in the meadow of Asa Dolsen, by a strolling band of Indians. Dolsen immediately removed his family to Goshen for safety. The scene of this incident was in what is known as Dolsentown, in the north-eastern part of the present town of Wa way an da. Near the same place, fhree Indians, on another occa- sion, chased a man for a long distance. At last he crept under some weeds and brush at the foot of a tree which had blown down. The Indians came and stood upon the body of the tree, and after looking around for some time gave two or three yells and departed, without dis- covering the object of their search who was so near them. Two brothers, Daniel and David Cooley, had located on farms near Mr. Dolsen’s. In those days it was cus- tomary to build ovens separate from the houses. David Cooley's wife one day was going from the oven to the bouse, just as a party of Indians were passing, With-TO HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. out a word one of them leveled his rifle and shot her dead. This cold-blooded deed was perpetrated on the farm now owned by the heirs of Gapt. John Cummings. Bast of this the Indians seldom ventured; though one Sunday morning a man by the name of Webb was killed by them, just over the outlet in the town of Goshen, i This they boasted of a great deal, but their operations were mostly confined to petty thefts in that quarter, owing to the thickness of the settlements. During this war an incident occurred in-the Minisink settlement that forms a striking illustration of the1 force of attachment to the savage mode of life. A straggling band of Indians captured a little son of Mr. Westfall's, near the fort at the north-west end of the Peenpack settlement, in the commencement of the war. Nothing more was heard of him for years. The French and Indian war with its train of horrors and barbarities be- came a thing of the past. Still no tidings came te the parents of the absent one, whom they had long mourned as dead. The Revolutionary war with its red waves of savage desolation swept over the land, and still nought came to tell the parents of a different fate for the loved and lost. Finally the father died. By some means the son, who was still living in a far off Indian home, obtained intelligence of his death, and came back to the settle- ment with an interpreter to get possession of his inheri- tance. He was taken to the farm where his father had lived and where he had been taken prisoner, but had no recollection of the premises, except a small pond of water near the house where he was playing when cap- tured. His mother recognized him in spite of his Indian garb and broad Indian tongue. She endeavored by maternal feelings, pecuniary considerations, and personal appeals, to induce him to remain and live with herTHE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 71 during the few remaining years of her life. But so attached was he to his life in the wilderness that he refused to listen to any project of the kind. He ob- tained his share of his father’s estate, bade his mother good bye, turned his back on everything that could con- duce to the enjoyment of civilized life, and was soon trudging away in the forest to his Indian home and bride. The contest between England and France that gave rise to such horrible atrocities as those recorded in this chapter-‘and which may be considered a: fair sample of ^sna&ilar occurrences everywhere along the bolder of the ^&iherican provinces, was finally ended by: the1 triumph bf'th^British Colonial armies^ and(the fall of -Montreal %nd Quebec reduced the French Canadian possessions submission to the authority of thenBHtish crown.CHAPTER VI. THE PLEDGE OP 1775 AND ITS SIGNERS. The conclusion of the old “ French and Indian war ” as it was termed, gave to the settlers a number of years of peace, excepting an occasional petty theft or outrage by a wandering party of Indians. The work of reclaim- ing the fertile land to a state of cultivation again went forward. The wives and children of the inhabitants ventured to return again to their old homes, from the distant villages whither they had fled to escape the Indian’s hate. New comers began to flock to the fertile hills and vales of the Minisink Region and of western Orange, and prosperity again smiled upon the efforts of the hardy pioneer. But just at this time, when everything bid fair for a long season of quietness, the arbitrary acts of England, under whose banner they had faced death a thousand times in sanguinary struggles with the savage foe, or in fighting the French beneath the walls of Montreal and Quebec, began to arouse within their breasts a desire to be free. Instead of trying to allay this feeling of dis- content by measures calculated to satisfy the public mind, England each succeeding year appeared to be seeking new methods of taxation, and as a consequence the desire for a release from her power became a neces- sity. This necessity was not long in manifesting itsTHE PLEDGE OP 1775 AND ITS SIGNERS. 73 resistance to odious acts of the Crown by force. Or- ganized measures for defense were adopted by the prov- inces, and thus began the great Revolutionary struggle. The Continental Congress took possession of the affairs of the colonies, and began to direct the resisting forces. But it was soon found that many persons throughout the provinces were determined to sustain the British gov- ernment. Meetings were held in different* places to give the new Congress proof of the people's approval of their acts. The principal of these was held in the city of New York on the 29th of April, 1775. In order to form a distinction between the friends of liberty and its foes, and to prevent anarchy as far as possible, it was resolved to form an association in each county throughout the thirteen Colonies. This was done by transmitting to each county a pledge which every friend of the new movement was expected to sign. This at once drew the dividing line between the Whigs and Tories. It embittered the feeling greatly between them, for those that refused to affix their names to it were marked men. All honor to the signers of that document! Each name, if possible, should be ren- dered imperishable. Every one realizing the benefits of the glorious Temple of Liberty, of the mild and benefi- cent laws, and enduring principles of government reared by their efforts, should ever think of them with grati- tude. Their names are more worthy of immortality than those of Alexander or Csesar. Many of their de- scendants still reside in Orange county, and well may they point with pride to the glorious record their ances- tors have left behind them. The following is a copy of the pledge, taken from Eager's History; pledge of 1775. “ Persuaded that the salvation of the rights and liber* 4u HISTORY OF THB MINISINK REGION. ties of America depend, under God, on the firm union of its inhabitants in a rigorous prosecution of the measures necessary for its safety; and convinced of the necessity of preventing anarchy and confusion, which attend the dissolution of the powers of government, we, the free- men, freeholders, and inhabitants of Orange County, New York, being greatly alarmed at the avowed design of the Ministry to raise a revenue in America, and shocked by the bloody scene now acting in Massachusetts Bay, do, in the most solemn manner, resolve never to become slaves; and do associate, under all the ties of religion, honor and love to our country, to adopt and endeavor to carry into execution whatever measures may be recommended by the Continental Congress or resolved upon by our Provincial Convention for the purpose of preserving our constitution and opposing the execution of the several arbitrary Acts of the British Parliament, until a reconciliation between Great Brit- tain and America on constitutional principles (which we most ardently desire,) can be obtained; and that we will in all things follow the advice of our general com- mittee respecting the purposes aforesaid, the preserva- tion of peace and good order, and the safety of individ- uals and property.” NAVES OF THB SIGNERS OF THE ABOVE, FROM THE PRESENT TOWN OF DEER- PARK (THEN A PART OF THE TOWN OF WAMAKATING, ULSTER CO.,) JUNE 26,1775. John Young, Philip Swartout, Esq., Benjamin Depue, Capt. John Crage, William Haxton, John McKinstry, Benj. Cuddeback, Jr., Robert Cook, John Stufflebane, John Stufflebane, Jr., James Blizard, Thomas Combs, James McCivers, Joseph Hubbard, John Thompson, Ebenezer Halcomb,THE PLEDGE OF 1775 AND ITS SIGNERS. Harmanus Yan Inwegen, T. K. Westbrook, William Rose, Samuel Depue, William Johnston, James Williams, Charles Gillets, Eli Strickland, David Gillaspy, Stephen Larney, Capt. J. R. Dewitt, Abr. Cuddeback, Jr., Samuel King, Abna Skinner, Fred. Benaer, Valentine Wheeler, Thomas Kytte, Jonathan Brooks, John Wallis, Joseph Drake, Ebenezer Parks, Jacobus S war tout, Gerardus Swartout. Phil. Swartout, Jr., Isaac Yan Twill, Joseph Westfork, Petrus Gumaer, J. DeWitt Gumaer, Daniel Yan Fleet, Jr., Ezekiel Gumore, Jacob Yan Inaway, Moses Depue, Jr., Jacobus Cuddeback, Rufus Stanton, G. Van Inwegen, Wm. Cuddeback, . Abr. Cuddeback, Eliphalet Stevens, Elisha Travis, Albert Rosa, Adam Rivenburg, Mathew Neely, Samuel Dealy, William Smith, John Harding, Nathan Cook, Jep. Fuller, Eph. Thomas, Henry Elsworth, Joseph Thomas, Abr. M’Quin, John Seybolt, Joseph Skinner, Joseph Arthur, David Wheeler, John Travis, John Travis, Jr*, Daniel Decker, Petrus Cuddeback, Elias Gumore, John Brooks, Elisha Barber, Jonathan Davis, Robert Comfort, David Daly, Gershom Simpson, Eph. Forgisson, Jacob Comfort,76 HISTORY OP THE HIHISINK REGION. Reuben Babbett, J onathan Wheeler, Asa Kimball, Robert Milliken, Thomas Lake, Zeh. Holcomb, John Williams, John Stry, Joel Adams, Joseph Shaw, George Gillaspy, James Cumen, Abraham Rosa, Jacob Rosa, Henry Newkirk, Peter Simpson, Stephen Holcomb, Johannes Miller, Daniel Woodworth, Moses Roberts, Daniel Roberts, John Douglass, Jacob Stanton, Moses Miller, Jonah Parks, John Gillaspy, Jno. Barber, Samuel Patterson, Abraham Smedes, Nathaniel Travis, Ezekiel Travis, Joseph Travis, Thos. Gillaspy, Jeremiah Shaver, Joseph Ogden, Daniel Walling, Daniel Walling, Jr., Elias Miller, Isaac Roosa, Abr. Smith, George G. Denniston, Mathew Terwilleger, Leonard Hefinessy, Jonathan Strickland, Joseph Randall, Johannes Wash. NAMES OF THE SIGNERS FROM THE OLD TOWN OF MINISINK, (NOW DIVIDED INTO MINISINK, MOUNT HOPE, W AW AY AND A AND GREENVILLE.) J. Westbrook, Jr., Nicholas Slyter, Wilhelmus Westfall, Johannes Decker, Jr., Benjamin Cox, Moses Cortright, Jacob Quick, John Prys, Jacobus Harraken, Timothy Wood, James Carpenter, Reuben Jones, Daniel St. John, Esee Bronson, Petrus Cole, Aldert Osterhoudt, Isaac Uptegrove, A. Van Etten,THE PLEDGE OP 1775 AND ITS SIGNERS. Benjamin Wood, Levi Decker, G. Braddock, Samuel Davis, Martinas Decker, Petrus Cuykendal, Isaac Davis, Benjamin Boorman, Sylvester Cortright, George Quick, Nehemiah Patterson, Jacobus Schoonhoven, Jacobus Davis, Asa Astley, Benjamin Corsan, Martinas Decker, Jr., Ephraim Middaugh, Johannes Westbrook, Solomon CtiykendaL John Bennet, Simon Westfall, Arthur Yan Tile, Jacobus Vanfliet, Jr., Jacobus Vanfliet, Wilhelmus Cole, Thomas Hart, Levi Van Etten, Petrus Decker, John Van Tuyle, Daniel Cole, S. Cuykendal, Jr., Daniel Kortright, Joel Westbrook, A. C. Van Akin. The names of those who did not sign the pledge are not recorded, and it is as well that they should be suf- fered to rest in oblivion; for mankind at the present day can form but very imperfect decisions on the motives which may have influenced the actions of men a hun- dred years ago. The number of non-signers, or Tories, as they were called, was far greater in the eastern than in the western part of Orange county. The present town of Deerpark (then a part of Mamakating, Ulster county,) was unanimous in support of the measure; John Young, chairman of the committee, reporting it to have been signed by every householder within the limits of the town.CHAPTER VII. INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. The commencement of the Revolutionary struggle at once opened to the view of the colonists the magnitude of the great undertaking upon which they had entered. They saw that in addition to the armies and munitions of war it would be necessary to oppose to the power and discipline of Great Britain, that an enemy lurked upon their own soil that required full as much energy and watchfulness to circumvent as the troopers of old King George. They saw many of their neighbors openly espouse the cause of royalty, some of whom departed at once and sought a place in the ranks of the king’s myr- midons as open foes, while others, less honorable, remained behind to furnish information to the invaders of their country, and to stimulate the scattering Indians to deeds of atrocity against their former friends that have sullied the otherwise fair page of American his- tory, and associated the names of the Indian and Tory with the blackest scenes of horror and cruelty that the world has ever seen. The eastern part of Orange county was more infected with Tory principles than the western; and it was fortunate that it was so, for the mountain ravines and straggling Indian parties that in- fested them in the Minisink Region, furnished the mate-INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 79 rial which, with a little more Royalist help* would have turned the settlement into barren ruins, and which as it was, made it the theatre of the bloodiest acts of the war. The Indians, during the struggles that had taken place previously, had imbibed a hatred of the whites that required but a few presents and assurances of help to at once enlist on the Royalist's side against the rebels. This they did in violation of a treaty which General Schuyler on the part of Congress had concluded with the Six Nations of western New York, in July, 1775, by which they were to observe strict neutrality between the Americans and British. This, however, was opposed to Indian philosophy; and it was not long before the British induced them to break their pledges. At first the Indians singled out persons as the objects of attack against whom they had some particular animosity or whom they feared; but during the progress of the war they collected together in large bodies, and in conjunc- tion with the Tories carried on a more wholesale scheme of murder. The father of the famous Tom Quick fell a victim to Indian ferocity in the south of the Minisink Region, during the old French war, and the circumstan- ces of his death aroused such a feeling of animosity against the Indians in the breast of Tom Quick, that he determined to devote his whole life to purposes of revenge. He led a sort of wandering life, intent oil one single object—the killing of every Indian that came in his way, and so well did lie fulfill his pledge, that to this day the name of44 Tom Quick, the Indian slayer," is a household word in the vicinity of the Minisink Re- gion. He was never married. The history of his ex- ploits now forms the subject of a volume, greatly inter- esting to those who delight to review" the light and dark scenes of pioneer life a hundred years ago. His80 iiisTofcY of inf mikisihk begiok. greatest exploits took place during and after the Revoltt: tion. The grandfather of Mr. Nathaniel R. Quick, at pres- ent a resident of the town of Greenville, was also much feared by the Indians. On one occasion they laid an ambush for him in a desolate part of the path leading to his house. He had been out hunting, and when he was returning he was suddenly surprised as he came near this place by seeing an Indian spring into the path ahead of him. The Indian at the same instant brought his rifle to his shoulder and fired at him; but being in too great a hurry fortunately missed him, though the bullet passed alarmingly close to his head. Seeing but one Indian he immediately shot him. At the same moment another bullet whistled by his shoulders, and finding it to be getting dangerous he at once darted off on a race for life. The Indians pursued him * some distance and fired at him several times. One bullet struck him in the side, inflicting a severe flesh wound, but otherwise he escaped unhurt. In 1777 they attacked the family of a Mr. Sprague, a resident of the northern part of the settlement, and took some of them prisoners. The family of a Mr. Brooks was next attacked, and several killed-. The rest were taken prisoners. These deeds awoke the Minisink people to a sense of their situation. Many of their bravest men were absent doing duty in distant parts of the State as soldiers. Capt. Cuddeback, Gerardus Swartout, Cornelius Swart- out and Gerardus Van Inwegen, on whose exertions they had formerly chiefly relied for protection, had been on service at Fort Montgomery, and were there when it was captured by the British, Oct. 6, 1777. At the time of the attack, Capt. Cuddeback was sent acrossINDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 81 the Hudson with a party of men to prevent the British from cutting the chain which was stretched across the river opposite the fort. Thus he escaped being in the battle. Van Inwegen and the Swattouts remained in the fort. The Swartouts escaped during the surrender of the fort, but Yan Inwegen was killed in the assault. The absence of these men was severely felt by the peo- ple of Minisink, but they bravely determined to prove themselves possessed of the same spirit. In 1778 a committee of safety was appointed for the settlement. The first committee was Benjamin DuPuy, Philip Swart- out and Thomas Kytte. Harmanus Yan Inwegen was admitted as a member afterwards. They at once ordered the erection or repairing of the forts at the houses of Jacob Rutson DeWitt, Benjamin DuPuy and Ezekiel Gttmaer, in the Peenpack neighborhood; one ait the house of Maj. John Decker, and one at the house of Dan- iel Yan Auken in the lower neighborhood. They also sent many women and children to the older settlements, as the forts could not accommodate the whole fifty fam- ilies which at that time inhabited what is how the town of Deerpark. Scouting parties were also instituted under command of Oapt. Bezaliel Tyler, who scouted the woods as far west as Cochecton, where a few fami- lies resided. Persons suspected of aiding the Indians were imprisoned or banished from the region. Through their intercession small parties of nine months militia were obtained to garrison the forts. Those prefftra- tions were hardly fairly begun before theit wisdom and propriety became apparent by the JtASSACRii ^yOttiNG. Wyoming was the name of a pleasant settlement on both sides of the Susquehanna river in the northern82 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. part of Pennsylvania. The fertility of its soil and its beautiful location in the midst of a smiling valley, invi- ted hundreds from different parts of Orange and Ulster counties and the Minisink Kegion, to take up a residence within its limits. No where else had they found so de- sirable a spot for a home as on the banks of the noble Susquehanna in that quiet valley. No settlement had been so prosperous, and in 1778 it numbered a popula- tion of eleven hundred families. They were partriotic, too, those settlers of Wyoming, for at roll-call in the morning ten hundred of their sons, and brothers, and husbands, answered to their names in the Continental army. No wonder was it that this feeling should induce them to treat rather harshly the few Tories in their midst whom they saw plotting with the Indians against their friends in the army. The Tories had long sought for an opportunity of open rupture, and they now allied themselves with the Indians and swore revenge. Their time was favorable, for the flower of the Wyoming youth were in the American army. The settlers, aware of their insecurity, erected four forts upon dif- ferent points of the settlement, among which they dis- tributed about five hundred men; the whole under command of Colonel Zebulon Butler, a cousin of John, the celebrated Tory. (Zebulon was afterward accused of treachery, but capacity was undoubtedly what he most stood in need of.) This done, the settlers wrote to Washington praying for immediate assistance, for a presentiment of their approaching fate seemed to per- vade their minds in spite of the assurances of friendship which the Indians were continually pouring into their ears. Their messages were intercepted by the Penn- sylvania loyalists, but at all events they would have been too late. The savages had already appeared uponINDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 88 the frontiers of the settlement, and the cruelties they were perpetrating were frightful; the mournful prelude to those more terrible scenes which were shortly to follow. About the commencement of the month of July, the Indians suddenly appeared in strong force upon the banks of the Susquehanna. They numbered about 1,600 men, from four to six hundred of them pure Indians, and the rest Tories disguised and painted to resemble them. They were commanded by Col. Brandt, a half-breed, and John Butler ; both renowned for their ferocity in previous expeditions. One of the forts, nearest the border, surrendered at the first approach of the enemy, owing to treachery in the garrison. The next fort was defended successfully for a time, but the enemy assaulted it so vigorously that the garrison was finally forced to surrender at discretion. The victors spared the women and children, but the rest were butchered without mercy. Zebulon then withdrew with his forces into the principal fort, called Kingston. Upon this fortifica- tion the settlers had placed their main reliance, being the largest and’ strongest of the four. All who were unable to bear arms—the sick, women and children, and old men— repaired thither in throngs, weeping and uttering des- pairing cries, as the last place of refuge which could be defended with any hope of success. On came the long irregular line of the enemy, shouting and yelling like so many demons. Zebulon disposed of the troops in the garrison to the best advantage possible and awaited the coming foe. It was evident the settlers had it in their power if attacked to make the assaulting party pay dearly for their temerity. Brandt saw this, and com- manded his forces to halt before coming within gunshot. The cunning half-breed then sent John Butler to hold a84 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. parley with his cousin Zebulon, hoping that the ties of relationship might lead Zebulon to place confidence in the artfui story of the Tory. Nor was he mistaken. John was lavish of promises, and succeeded in making Zebulon believe that if he would consent to a parley in the open field the matter could easily be settled and the siege raised. The next morning, in accordance with his pledge, John Butler had retired with his forces, and the settlers looked from the walls of the fort over the valley without seeing an Indian. This was a gladsome relief, and they at once proceeded to fulfill their part of the agreement. The place appointed for the conference was some distance from the fort, and thither Zebulon proceeded, taking with him, as a precaution, 400 men well armed, comprising the main strength of the garri- son. Not a living creature was found on the spot agreed on, and Zebulon, anxious for an interview, advanced farther from the fort toward the foot of the mountain. As he proceeded onward the solitude grew more dismal and the absence of human beings more remarkable. But as if urged onward by an irresistible destiny, he^ still continued his forward march. The country began to be overshaded by the dense forests, and the tall oaks to twine their branches high in air across the path ; but fate still impelled him to go on. Just then a flag wa& discovered in the path some distance ahead that seemed to wave him on. The individual who bore it appeared as if afraid of treachery from his side, and retired as he advanced, still making the same signals. He pressed forward still faster in order to assure the traitors that he would not betray them. But the unfortunate Americans had been already betrayed instead. Taking advantage of the dense thickets, Brandt’s forcer had completely surrounded them, andINDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 85 their fancied dream of security was suddenly broken in upon by the terrible war-whoop as hundreds of savages sprang from their ambush, and with hideous yells attacked the devoted band from every side. In the midst of the confusion that ensued, Zebulon displayed more courage than would have been thought possible considering the simplicity of his previous proceedings. He formed his men into a hollow square, and the fierce onset of the savages was met with such a determined volley, as to at once check them. Though surprised, the Americans acted with such vigor and resolution that they quickly had the advantage on their side ; but just then a soldier, either through cowardice or treach- ery, cried out, “ The Colonel has ordered a retreat.” The soldiers at once gave way, and the Indians with terrible yells leaped in among the ranks. A horrible carnage ensued. Those who ran, fell by the pursuing bullet—those who resisted, by the knife, club, or toma- hawk. The dead, dying, wounded and struggling, friends and foes—were heaped together promiscuously, while from the mass arose shrieks of agony and yells of victory, supplications for mercy and threats of vengeance such as had never before been dreamed of in that hitherto happy valley. Happy were those who died the soonest! The savages reserved their captives for more cruel tortures, while the Tories, more bloodthirsty still, actually tore the faces of the prisoners with their finger-nails. Never was rout so deplorable. Only about sixty of the four hundred escaped the butchery, and these, with Zebulon, ma,de their way to a redout on the other bank of the Susquehanna. The victors immediately invested Fort Kingston anew, and to terrify the remainder of the garrison they hurled over the walls, about two hundred scalps still dripping86 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. with the blood of their murdered brethren. Seeing the impossibility of defense, Col. Dennison, who com- manded the fort, sent a flag to John Butler to inquire what terms would be allowed the garrison. if they should surrender the fort. He returned as an answer— “ The hatchet In this dreadful extremity, the Colonel made what resistance he could, and fought bravely till his soldiers were nearly all killed, when he was forced to surrender at discretion. The savages entered the fort and began to drag out the vanquished* who, know- ing what hands they were in, expected no mercy, found none, and met their fate without a cry. Becoming tired of killing in detail, the savages bethought themselves of a new expedient. They enclosed the men, women and children in the houses and barracks, set them on fire, and consumed all within—listening with delight to the moans and shrieks, and dancing with hellish glee at the occasional glimpses they caught of the death struggles of the expiring multitude. One more fort, that of Wilkesbarre, still remainedin the hands of the colonists of Wyoming. This the victors next presented themselves before and demanded its surrender. Those within, hoping to find mercy if they made no resistance, surrendered at discretion. But if opposition exasperated these insatiable tigers for human blood, submission did not soften them. The soldiers of the garrison were first put to death by means of tor- tures such as only barbarity could devise. Then the men, women, and children were shut up in the houses as before, fire was applied, and that unfeeling element soon stilled their cries with death, and left nought but ashes to mark their mortal remains. Capt. Bedlock, of Fort Wilkesbarre, was stripped naked and his body stuck full of sharp pine splinters: aINDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 87 heap of the same material was then piled around him and set on fire. His two associates, Captains Ransom and Durgee, were then thrown alive into the flames, and all perished together. One Tory, whose mother had married a second hus- band, butchered her with his own hand, and afterwards massacred his father-in-law, his sisters, and their infants in the cradle. Another killed his father and exterminated all his family. A third imbrued his hands in the blood of his brothers, his sisters, his brother-in- law and his father-in-law. “These,” says Eastman, “ were a part only of the horrors perpetrated by the loyalists and Indians at the excision of Wyoming. Other atrocities, if possible still more abominable, we leave in silence.” The forts being in their hands, they next proceeded to the devastation of the country. In doing this they called into requisition at once fire, sword, and all instru- ments of destruction. The crops of every description were consigned to the flames. Habitations, granaries, and buildings, the fruits of years of toil and industry, sank into barren ruins in the track of these fell demons. “ But,” says Eastman, “ who will believe that their fury, not yet satiated upon human creatures, was also wreaked upon the very beasts ? That they cut out the tongues of horses and cattle, and left them to wander in the midst of those fields, lately so luxuriant, and now in desolation, seeming to enjoy the torments of their lingering death ?” Many women and children had escaped while the foe was busy dispatching their husbands and fathers. These were no less worthy of commiseration than those who had died. Dispersed and wandering in the forests as chance or fear directed their footsteps, without food,88 HISTORY OP THB MINISINK REGION. without clothes, without guide, these defenseless fugi- tives suffered every degree of distress. The most robust and resolute alone escaped; the others perished, and their bodies, with those of their hapless infants, became the prey of wild beasts. The father of the late Dr. Merit H. Cash, of Waway- anda, was among those who escaped this massacre. He was at that time a very small boy, and his mother led him by the hand through the wilderness for days, sub- sisting entirely upon the berries, &c., which they found on their way, till they were at last fortunate enough to reach the Minisink settlement. Benjamin Whittaker, with his daughter, also escaped. They had removed to Wyoming but about three years before, having previously resided on the farm now owned by Mr. William H. Mead, near Brookfield, in the present town of Wawayanda. They were in the fort at Wyoming when it surrendered, and were both saved. Brandt took her by the hair of the head with one hand and painted her face with red paint with the other, telling her that that was the mark of safety. She after- wards married William Fullerton, Jr.* whose descend- ants were formerly large property owners in Waway- anda, and are generally known throughout Orange county. (Eager’s History, p. 414.) At the capture of the same fort, when the Indians came flocking in, the settlers threw down their arms, and with the women and children huddled in one corner expecting instant death. A little lad named John Finch, amused at the odd appearance of the Indians, laughed at them. One of them raised his tomahawk to strike him down, but Brandt interfered and ordered him to let the boy go. He afterwards found hi^ way to Minisink. Many of his relatives for a long timeINDIAN DEPREDATIONS, 89 resided in the town of Mount Hope, and the village of Finchville is named after them. A lady named Christina Wood was in one of the forts of Wyoming with her husband and family. Her hus- band and son were killed, and she was approached by an Indian with an uplifted tomahawk. She had an infant in her arms, and when the little innocent saw the savage approach it looked up into his face and smiled. The savage made a motion as if to make the child the first victim, seeing which the mother held it closer to her bosom. He gazed upon them for a moment, but the smile of innocence had touched his heart—the tomahawk fell by his side harmless, and he walked away and left them. She escaped, and found her way to Goshen with her child, where she afterwards died at the age of eighty-five. A survivor of the massacre, Asa A. Gore, died at Preston, Connecticut, January, 1850, aged eighty-one years and five months. His. mother was one of those who escaped, and she carried him in her arms through the woods to Minisink. Mrs. John Weeden, supposed to be the last survivor of the massacre, died in Columbia, Lorain county, Ohio, on Friday, April 13th, 1860, aged ninety-three years. Her maiden name was Martin. She and her father, mother and sister, escaped, and with a flag of truce traveled through the forest to within forty miles of the Connecticut river, Avhere her older brother met them and then took them to Colchester. She was twelve years old at the time; was born in 1766, and married in 1798.CHAPTER YHI. FIRST AND SECOND INVASIONS OF THE MINISINK REGION BY brandt’s Indians and Tories. On the 13th of October (1778) succeeding the Wyo- ming Massacre, a band of about one hundred Indians and Tories, under command of Brandt, invaded the upper, or Peenpack, neighborhood. It is needless to say that their appearance was the signal for a general panic, so fearful had been their atrocities at Wyoming and Cherry Yalley, which latter place had been deso- lated by them shortly after the former. They surprised the family of a Mr. Westfall, among the first of their acts in Peenpack, and killed the only man that was at home at the time. Mr. Thomas Swartoujt and his four sons, thinking that perhaps the invaders were few in number, and more intent on plunder than actual war, resolved to defend their own house. The women were sent to the fort at Gumaer’s, and the house firmly barri- caded. But when the enemy appeared, their number at once convinced the little band of Spartans of the futility of defense. They fired a few times at the foe, but seeing their chances of retreat would soon be cut off, they resolved to endeavor to escape. Accordingly they all started and ran in the direction of the fort; but a bullet pierced the skull of one of the young men before they reached the shelter of the barn. One of the sons91 brandt’s invasion. separated from the others and ran toward the Never- sink river, a half mile off. He was pursued by a detachment of the Indians, and shot while swimming the river, near the opposite shore. The old man and his two other sons kept together, and ran on as fast as they were able toward the fort. It soon became appar- ent to them that their efforts would be all in vain, as they were destined to be overtaken. The old man paused. “James,” said he to one of his sons, “you are young and active and can save yourself. If you stay to assist me we shall all be killed. Save yourself while you can!” The young man took his father’s advice, and started on with increased speed. The other son kept by the side of his father, and both were soon overtaken and tomahawked. James was closely pursued for over half a mile through brush and briers, over fences and across lots, till he at last reached the fort at Gumaer’s, and the enemy had to abandon the chase. The continued firing warned the inhabitants of the country of the approaching danger, and they at once repaired to the forts at Gumaer’s and De Witt’s, aban- doning that at Du Puy’s, as they had no troops to garrison it. The fort at Gumaer’s had only nine regu- lars to defend it, and was but a small picket fort at best. Capt. Cuddeback, w ho commanded it, was aware of the influence display oftentimes made on the Indian mind, and he resolved to profit by it. He ordered all the men and women, both young and old, to the rear of the fort. Next he had all the spare guns and sticks that could be found, together with all the old hats, coats and breeches, brought forward. The guns and sticks were placed in the hands of those who w7ere unarmed, and the old clothes were used to change the appearance of the women. Many a blushing damsel, who two days before92 HISTORY OF THE MINISINR REGION. would have scorned the idea of her ever wearing male attire, made her appearance that day in a cocked hat and ragged coat and vest, with her dainty limbs clad in a faded pair of homespun breeches ; and many a staid matron was that day apparently transformed into a dignified Continental soldier, with a blue coat and brass buttons. When the enemy came in sight the Captain ordered the drums to beat, and placing himself at the head of his forces, marched them in Indian file around to the front of the fort and entered it, giving the Indians a distant, distinct, and consequently enlarged view of the garrison. This done, the women and children were ordered into the cellar as they could be of no further use ; but an elderly lady, Anna Swartout, the widow of James Swartout, Sr., refused to go, telling the Captain that she would take a pitchfork with which she had just marched in the fort, and remain with the men. Her request was granted, and she walked about with the fork in true military bearing, anxiously watch- ing the movements of the enemy, and ready to give them a taste of woman’s courage should any of them attempt to enter. The Indians halted before coming within gunshot. The fort was situated on an open plain, and they knew the settlers to be good marksmen. Besides, the}7 evidently supposed the garrison to have been reinforced, from the number of soldiers they had seen. After a few shots wrere exchanged without effect upon either side, they passed by, and the fort was saved by Capt. Cuddeback’s strategem. Brandt’s forces then proceeded to Fort DeWitt. Here they stationed themselves on a hill which was covered with woods near the fort, and remained some time, firing occasionally as they obtained a view of the garrison, but without effect, if we except the killing ofbrandt’s invasion. 93 Captain Newkirk’s horse by a stray bullet. They then retreated toward the west the same day, after having burned all the houses, barns, &c., they found in their course; a circumstance that afterwards distressed the inhabitants much for the want of hay, grain and articles of furniture. And thus ended Brandt’s first invasion of the'Minisink Region. DuPuy and one or two others had sent their wives and children to Major Phillips’, at Phillipsburg, (a small village in the eastern part of what is now the town of Wawayanda,) for safety. The dan- ger of the Minisink people thus became known, and Major Phillips arrived at Fort Gumaer the day after the invasion, with a company of militia. But the spoilers had departed, and pursuit was useless. Several women and children were sent for protection to Mr. James Finch’s, where Finchville now stands, in the south-wes- tern part of the town of Mount Hope. This invasion thoroughly aroused the inhabitants to a sense of their exposed situation, and the members of the committee of safety immediately took steps to increase the defensive powers of the settlement. The forts were repaired as well as the limited number of the garrison would permit, and an application was at once made to the general government for help. Their peti- tion was acted upon without delay, and the brave Count Pulaski, with a battalion of cavalry, sent to their assis- tance. The presence of these veterans inspired the settlers with new courage. Many of them brought their families back and proceeded to refit their homes and recommence clearing their lands. The winter glided away without any signs of the savage foe, and they began to hope that their share of the turmoils of war was at an end. Iti February, (1779,) deeming their presence no longer94 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. necessary, Count Pulaski and his men were ordered to South Carolina. They left their winter quarters with regret; for their stay, though short, had been a pleasant one. The inhabitants too regretted the parting, for be- sides the respect they felt for Pulaski and his troops, they foresaw themselves left in a defenseless condition. Some time howrever elapsed after the departure, and they were not disturbed. The spring almost imperceptibly melted into summer. The birds returned from their southern homes, and again cheered the laborers by the noisy Neversink and sparkling Delaware with their songs. Prosperity reigned supreme, and Minisink seemed destined after all for a favored region. But alas ! it was only the calm that precedes the storm. Even as we have sometimes seen a cloudless summer day ter- minate in a mingled tornado of wind, lightning and rain —just so was the serenity of the settlement of Minisink broken, on the 20th of July, 1779, by Brandt and his band of Tories and Indians. Just before daylight on that morning they surprised the fort at Major Decker’s. The men had departed for their work pretty early, and the only occupants of the house were two negro boys; the women having gone the day before to Port Gumaer. The negroes were made prisoners, and the Indians then searched the premises for plunder. Some liquor was found, and the party was disposed to make a carousal of it; but Brandt quickly stopped it by destroying the liquor. A tavern had been kept for years before the war at this place. Fire was then applied to the build- ings, and the invaders departed for the dwelling of Anthony Van Etten. James Swartout, who escaped so narrowly from the Indians in the first invasion, had just entered a black- smith shop kept by a negro at Mr. Van Etten’s, whenbrandt’s invasion. 95 he saw the Indians coming. No other place for secre- tion presenting itself, he crept up thg chimney. The negro remained in the shop, knowing the Indians sel- dom injured a person of color. The Indians entered, and seeing no one but the negro, began throwing the tools around as if for sport. One of them took hold of the handle of the bellows and began to blow the fire furiously. The negro, knowing the effect that the heat and smoke would have on his friend in the chimney, told the Indian he would spoil that thing if he did not stop. He good naturedly ceased, and soon after with his companions left the shop. Swartout came down almost choked with smoke and dust, and nearly exhaust- ed with the effort needed to keep his position for so long a time. (Eager’s History, p. 338.) While the enemy was busy burning Van Etten’s buildings, he es- caped. One detachment of Indians went to the house of Jas. Van Vliet. The inmates discovered them approaching and fled. A man named Roolif Cuddeback was there at the time, and ran toward the woods in a different direc- tion from the others. The foremost Indian, some dis- tance in advance of his companions, at once started in pursuit. Cuddeback,-finding that he would be overta- ken, and that but one Indian was following him* sud- denly turned and faced him. The Indian threw his tomahawk at him, but it struck a bush and he dodged it. They then grasped in a hand-to-hand struggle— both unarmed except a knife which the Indian had in his belt. For this fatal instrument they both struggled. At last it fell to the ground, and neither could stoop to pick it up with safety. The contest lasted till both were nearly exhausted. Cuddeback afterwards said that he was more than a match for the Indian, but the96 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. latter became naked, and his skin was so slippery with grease and sweat that he could get no hold of him. Finally the Indian broke away from him, and ran off in the woods. It was reported afterwards that the Indian died in a few years of injuries received in this encounter. The father of this Indian was shot while crossing the river on horseback, by Capt. Cuddeback, a brother ot James. (Eager’s History, p. 389.) Another party of the Indians set fire to a number of buildings near Carpenter’s Point; among others, to- the old Machackemeck church. Many of the inhabitants on this morning had gone to attend a funeral. The first intimation of danger they had was an alarm of “ Indi- ans;” and on rushing to the open air the smoke and flames of burning houses were seen rising among the trees in every direction. The very name of Brandt caused many a cheek to blanch with fear. Some of the assemblage at once started for the settlements on the east side of the Shawangunk mountain. The others fled to the different forts. The Indians met Major Decker, who was on horseback. They shot at, and wounded him, but he put spurs to his horse and escaped. At the Van Auken fort, the Indians fired a volley, killing one of the garrison. An Indian then undertook to creep up to one of the buildings to set it on Are, but was detected in the act and shot. At the same time*a party of Indians, says Eager, vis- ited the school house, and threatened to exterminate one generation of the settlement at a blow. Here an incident took place, proving that the great Indian leader was possessed of human feelings, despite his ferocity. The teacher, Jeremiah Van Auken, was led about a half a mile from the school house and killed. Some of the boys were slain by the tomahawk, and the rest fled to97 BRANDT’S INVASION. the woods; while the little girls, bewildered with hor- ror, gathered around the dead body of their teacher and gazed in speechless fright at the terrible scene. A mo- ment more and the attention of the savages would be directed from the boys to them. In this dread emer- gency, a tall, powerful Indian came along, and with a brush hurriedly dashed some black paint on their aprons, telling them to “ Hold up the mark when they saw an Indian coming, and it would save them;” then with a yell or warwhoop he disappeared in the woods. The tall Indian was none other than Brandt, and the children were safe. When the girls saw the Indians coming they held up their aprons with the black mark, and were not disturbed. An idea suggested itself to them, and with woman’s wit they quickly adopted it. The boys were called from their hiding places, and the girls pressed the black mark upon their outer garments. It left a distinct impression, and this the boys held to view when the Indians passed, with a like happy effect. Mrs. Sarah Van Auken did not succeed in getting within the protection of the fort, and saved he# life by creeping into an old ditch. (Eager’s History, p. 390.) During this incursion the Indians and Tories burned everything that came in their way—houses, barns, granaries and goods—in short, all that the flames could destroy. Those of the inhabitants who could not get to the forts in time to escape the fury of the savages, fled through the forest to Goshen, and the settlements east of the Shawangunk. Benjamin Whittaker and family, who after their escape from the Wyoming Massacre, had settled on the Delaware, were again forced to flee for safety. His daughter Mary, according to Eager, hid herself among the straw in an old potato hole and thus escaped, though98 HISTORY OP THB MINISINK REGION. the Indians came searching for her, and stood on the boards, so near her that she could have touched their feet with her hands. Major Decker’s wife escaped through the woods to Mr. James Pinch’s, the present site of Pinchville, where she came leading her small children by the hand, with hardly clothes enough to cover their backs, and weeping piteously. The only article she saved of her household goods was a small bible which she carried under her arm. The enemy after completing the work of destruction and plunder fell back slowly on their line of retreat. They were confident that in point of numbers the set- tlers could not bring a .force to compete with them under a week or ten days; their own force numbering, according to Dr. Wilson, three hundred Indian warriors and two hundred Tories painted to resemble Indians. Other accounts place their numbers at one hundred and eighty, and one or two as low as one hundred and sixty. Be this as it may, they were sufficiently confident to proceed leisurley on their return, and on the evening of the 21st encamped at Half-way Brook.CHAPTER IX. THE BATTLE OF MINISINK. Intelligence of the ravages of Brandt's band of sava- ges was brought to Goshen on the evening of the 20th, the same day of their invasion. The public mind was greatly excited by the tidings. At the reports of their barbarous murders, which were doubtless much exag- gerated by the panic stricken fugitives, work of all kinds was abandoned and the men gathered together in groups, each proposing plans for punishing the enemy, which were as absurd as impracticable. The children left their play and listened eagerly to the fearful tales told by older persons of the doings of the foe, while many a matron's face blanched with terror at the name of Brandt, whose ferocities at Wyoming and Cherry Valley were still fresh in their memory. One man amidst the confusion acted with promptness and decision. This was Col. Benjamin Tusten, commander of the local militia in the Goshen neighborhood. He at once dispatched messengers ta the officers of his regiment, with orders to rendezvous at the “lower neighborhood" in Minisink the next morning, with as many volunteers as they could raise. Word was also sent to Col. Hathorn, commander of the Warwick regi- ment of militia, to meet him at the same place. We may well suppose that many a volunteer passed a100 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. sleepless night in common with the affrighted families of Goshen, on that momentous night of the 20th of July, 1779. The dawn of the next morning witnessed the departure of many of the bravest citizens east of the Shawangunk mountain, numbers of them heads of families, eager to revenge the massacre of their friends by coping with the dreaded foe, but little aware that the direful visions of disaster and woe that had flitted before their wakeful eyes during the long hours of the previous night were soon to be realized ; little aware that the tearful “ good-bye” of the dear ones at home, was a farewell that would last till they met beyond the veil that conceals the confines of eternity from our view, “Ah! then and there was harrying to and fro, And gathering tears, and tremblings of distress, And cheeks all pale, which but an hour ago Blush’d at the praise of their own loveliness; And there were sadden partings, such as press The life from out young hearts, and choking sighs . Which ne'er might be repeated—-who could guess If ever more should meet, those mutual eyes, Since upon night so sweet, such awful morn could rise." At a seasonable hour that morning, one hundred and forty-nine men assembled at Minisink and placed them- selves under command of Col. Tusten. A council was. immediately held to decide upon a plan of action. The majority were in favor of instant pursuit. But here the good sense of Col. Tusten interposed for the success of his little army. He reminded them that the enemy far outnumbered them, was accompanied by Tories who were better acquainted with the ground than they, and commanded by Col. Brandt, whose previous expeditions had proved his cunning and generalship—while they lacked ammunition* and were few in number compared with the foe. He proposed that they should wait whereTHE BATTLE OP MItfISINE. 101 they were for reinforcements and ammuniton which would be with them in a short time. The majority were deaf to these proposals. They affected to consider the Indians cowardly, and were for pursning them at once and retaking their plunder. In the midst of the debate, one Major Meeker mounted his horse, and1 flourishing his sword with a braggadocio air, cried out, “ Let the brave men follow me; the cowards may stay behind.” The effect may well be imagined, for this is not the only instance where bravado has drowned the voice of judgment and sense. The question was decided, and the entire party took its line of march over the old Kathleghton path, the trail of the retreating savages. Seventeen miles was accomplished the same afternoon, and the pursuers then encamped for the night at a place known as Skinner’s Saw Mills. The next morning (the 22d) they were joined by Col. Hathorn of the Warwick regiment, with a small reinforcement. The command was then taken by Col. Hathorn, he being an older officer than Col. Tusten. They then marched a few miles to Halfway Brook, and there came across the place where the Indians had encamped the preceding night. Another council was then held, and though Col. Tusten proved to them that they were outnumbered, by the number and extent of the camp1 fires that had dotted the enemy’s camping ground, the same bravado that had ruled the day previous gained the decision, and the line of march was again taken up. Col. Tyler, who "was best informed of the forest, was sent ahead with a small scouting party, as it was evident the foe was but a short distance in advance. He had gone but a little way however, before he fell into an ambuscade and was killed. This timely warning, says Daw&on, fell unnoticed upon the reckless mass that followed.102 HISTORY OF THE HIHISIKS REGION. After the alarm had subsided, the advice of their abler officers was again disregarded, and the settlers madly rushed forward. About nine o’clock in the morning as they were marching over the high hills east of the Delaware, they spied the Indians about three-quarters of a mile ahead, leisurely proceeding along the bank of the river toward the fording place at the mouth of the Lackawaxen. Col. Hathorn, supposing his troops had been unnoticed by the enemy, and wishing to intercept them before they reached the ford, moved off the trail toward the right and soon lost sight of them, owing to the inter- vening hills. Brandt had observed the Americans and anticipated their movement. As soon as they disap- peared he at once wheeled his columns to the right, and passed up a deep ravine directly in the rear of the pursuers, thus choosing his own ground for the coming battle. By this maneuver about fifty of Hathorn’s men became separated from the main body, and were not in the engagement. The Americans reached the fording place about ten o’clock, and discovered some of Brandt’s men crossing the Delaware with the plunder. One Indian was behind the others, riding a horse which was recognized by the settlers as having been stolen from Minisink the day before. He was pursued to the river and shot while crossing. (Stone’s Life of Brandt.) At the same instant another Indian appeared directly on the path over which they had just passed, while to add to the surprise of the Americans it was found that Brandt was not on the path he had been following when last seen. Brandt afterwards said that he arose from his hiding place at this juncture and addressed the officer in command of the settlers, demanding their sur- render, and telling them his force far outnumberedTME BATTLE OF MINISIHK* 108 theirs; but while engaged in parleying, a ball from their ranks passed through his belt, and he then retired to his men. About eleven o’clock the action became general. The settlers found themselves in a complete ambuscade. Every rock, tree and bush that surrounded them, seemed to furnish shelter for an enemy. Only about ninety in number, they found them- selves almost overwhelmed, but forming into a hollow square on the summit of a small hill, occupying about an acre, they hid behind trees and rocks, and u fought like brave men long and well.” Suddenly the voice of Brandt was heard above the shouts and yells and roar of musketry, commanding the Indians who had crossed the Delaware with the plunder, to return. It was said that those who survived the battle never forgot the trumpet-tones of that deep, powerful voice. The Indi- ans at once obeyed their chief, and crossing the river, fell with fury upon the rear of the Americans, who now beheld themselves completely surrounded. Their access to water being cut off, tnirst was added to their torments. To increase their dismay, their ammunition began to be exhausted, and the sun was rapidly going down in the west, betokening the close of the day. The day had passed, how they hardly knew. Repeat- ed attempts of the enemy to break their lines had failed, for they were good marksmen, and Col. Hathorn had ordered them not to fire a single shot till the enemy were near enough to make their aim sure. Just as the sun sank behind the western hills, a man who had guarded the north-east angle of the square, and whose trusty rifle had carried death to the foe more than once during the day, incautiously exposed himself to view while shifting his position behind a rock which sheltered him. A half-dozen or more Indian rifles cracked in104 HISTORY OF THE UttttftltfK REGlOtf. unison, and the brave man fell back dead. Brandt’s quick eye saw the opening, and followed by his troops he dashed like a resistless deluge into the very midst of the Americans. They ceased to resist and fled in all directions. Some swam the Delaware, and many were drowned while attempting to cross. A horrible massa- cre ensued, and more were killed in the pursuit than in the battle. The yells of the savages, the cries for mercy, the groans of the dying, and the heart-rending supplications of the wounded for their companions not to forsake them, presented a scene that baffles descrip- tion. Gol. Tusten, who was a skillful surgeon, was engaged in dressing the wounds of the wounded, seven- teen of whom were under his care behind a cliff of rocks. He remained with them, and died the death of a brave man, while those who had so freely called him a coward previously, were ingloriously running for their lives. Had the fifty men who were cut off from the main body, done their duty by attacking the enemy in the rear, instead of lying in a swamp all day like a parcel of frightened women, the fortunes of the day might have been turned against the foe and many lives saved. Of those actually engaged in the battle, forty-four were killed, according to Dr. Wilson’s account, while Dawson says that of the one hundred and forty-nine men who went out, only thirty returned. NAMES OP THE KILLED AS FAR AS KNOWN, Col. Benjamin Tusten, Capt. Bezaliel Tyler, Capt. Benjamin Yail, Capt. John Duncan, Capt. Samuel Jones, Capt. John Little, Robert Townsend, Samuel Knapp, James Knapp, Benjamin Bennett, William Barker, Jacob Dunning,THE BATTLE OF MINISINK. 106 Lieut. John Wood, Adj. Nathaniel Fitch, Ens. Ephraim Hasten, Ens. Ephraim Middaugh, Gabriel Wisner, Stephen Mead, Nathaniel Terwilliger, Joshua Lockwood, Ephraim Ferguson, ----Talmadge, Jonathan Pierce, James Little, Joseph, Norris, . Gilbert S. Yail, Joel Decker, Abram Shepherd, ---- Shepherd, Nathan Wade, Simon Wait, James Mosher, Isaac Ward, Baltus Niepos, Eleazer Owens, Adam Embler, Samuel Little, Benjamin Dunning. John Carpenter, David Barney, Gamaliel Bailey, Moses Thomas, Jonathan Haskell, Abram Williams, Daniel Reed, The Moses Thomas who was killed, was a son of Moses Thomas, Sr., one of the first settlers at CocheGton, and who was killed in an Indian attack on that place in 1768. He enlisted early in the war, and was with the army at West Point and Newburgh ; but becoming dis- satisfied with his officers he hired a substitute and returned to his family in Minisink. When Brandt invaded that section, he was among the first to volun- teer in pursuit, and was slain in the battle by a Tory named Case Cole. (Quinlan's Life of Tom Quids, p. John Howel, the ancestor of an old family of Waway- anda, Orange county, was in tins battle, and when the Americans broke and fled, stepped behind a tree and pulled off his shoes. Just then a tall Indian came along and stopped close by him, resting the butt of his gun on the ground and gazing after the fugitives, glimpses106 HISTORY OF THB MINISIHK REGION. of whom could frequently be seen among the brush on the hill sides. Mr. Howel saw that the Indian would soon become aware of his presence, and determined to be beforehand with him; so he took good aim at his head and fired. He said he never knew whether he killed the Indian or not, for he ran as fast as possible and did not look back to see. He was not pursued however, and escaped. Major Wood had heard that Brandt was a Freemason, and having by some process become acquainted with the Master Mason’s signal of distress, when overtaken by the Indians and about to be dispatched, he gave the signal. Faithful to his pledge, Brandt interposed and saved his life. When he found out his mistake after- wards, he was very angry, but nevertheless spared his life. Eager says that the evening after the battle, when the Indians were about to tie him, Wood remon- strated, said he was a gentleman, and promised not to escape. Brandt acceeded to his request, but directed him to lie on a blanket between two Indians, who were directed to tomahawk him if he tried to escape during the night. The blanket caught fire in the night, but he dared not stir or make a noise for fear he should expe- rience the reality of the threat, and be tomahawked. The fire at last reached his feet and he kicked it out. The blanket belonged to Brandt, and he treated Wood harshly ever after. When asked the reason he replied, “ D—n you, you burnt my blanket!” Wood ultimately returned to his friends after a long captivity. James Reeve, grandfather of John H. Reeve and James M. Reeve, Esqs., of Wawayanda, was in the bat- tle. When the settlers gave way he fled with the rest, but after crossing the Delaware separated from his com- panies While making bis way through the woodsTHE BATTLE OF MINISINK. 107 his arm became weary with carrying his gun so long in one hand, and he thought he would carry it with the other.awhile. When he made the exchange the gun fell from his hand, and on investigating the matter, he was surprised to find his arm had been broken by a musket ball; his mind having been so occupied that he had not felt the pain. A man named Cuddeback was among the fugitives, and fled with his companions till he became completely exhausted. He then stepped from the path and hid among some small bushes. After a short time the Indi- ans came along in pursuit and happily passed without seeing him. He was just about rising to his feet in order to get farther in the woods, when he saw an Indi- an coming. The Indian discovered him when about opposite ; but Cuddeback had his rifle ready, and the moment he saw the Indian's eye rest on him, he fired. He then fled with all possible speed, not knowing whether he had hit the Indian. No one pursued him .however, and he escaped. Col. Benjamin Tusten, who wras killed, was a practis- ing physician of the town of Goshen. His father re- moved from Southhold, Long Island, in the year 1746, and settled on the patent granted to Mrs. Denn, the first settler on the Waw^ayanda patent, which was between two and three miles from the village of Goshen, on the banks of the Otterkill. The old gentleman was much respected, and was a judge for some time in the county court. He was afterward appointed colonel of the militia. He owned a large tract of land, and intended young Benjamin for a farmer; he being three years of age at the time of removal. But as he grew older he evinced a great desire to adopt some professional calling. For this purpose he attended several medical schools,108 HISTORY OF THE MINISIHK RBGIOH. and in 1769 commenced the practice of physic at his father's house. In 1770 he introduced inoculation as a preventive of the small pox; the first of its general trial in Orange county. At the age of twenty-eight he married a Miss Brown, whom he had become acquainted with while studying medicine with Dr. Burnet, at New- ark, N. J. When the Revolution commenced he took an active part against the arbitrary measures of Eng- land. He was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Goshen regiment of militia, under Gen. Allison, in 1777,. and the following year Surrogate of. Orange county, which office he held when killed at Minisink. (Eager's History.) Daniel Myers, an early settler of the present town of Minisink, and much noted for his hatred of the Indians, was in this battle. When the whites gave way, he thought he would wait till the first rush was over in hopes of a better chance to escape. Accordingly he stepped out of sight behind a large tree. After waiting some time he concluded the Indians had gone away after those who had run, and ventured to look out from his place of concealment. As he did so, an Indian who had remained behind for some purpose, spied him, and dodg- ed behind a tree with a yell. They were within close gunshot of each other, and at once began maneuvering to get the first shot. They were both good marksmen, and they each knew that if the other had a chance to aim at a vital part his life would pay the forfeit. At last Myers bethought him of an expedient. He drew the ramrod from his rifle and hung his hat upon it. He then pushed the hat around the side of the tree very cau- tiously, as if it were himself trying to get a glimpse of his opponent. The ruse was Successful. The Indian fired, with such an accurate aim as to send a bullet plumbTHE BATTLE OP MINISINK. 109 through the centre of the hat. Myers let the hat fall; and the Indian thinking he had killed him, sprang for- ward with a whoop of triumph to secure his scalp. Myers then stepped in view, and as the Indian paused with astonishment, shot him through the heart. De- scendants of this brave old pioneer, or of his relatives, still reside in the towns of Minisink and Greenville. Benjamin Dunning, at the close of the battle, tried to escape by crossing the Delaware with a number of others. The Indians kept up a terrible fire on those in the water, and several were killed. He escaped unhurt till just as he was climbing from the water on the oppo- site side, when a bullet struck him and he fell dead upon the bank. His uncle, Daniel Dunning, formerly resided near Ridgebury in the town of Wawayanda. Of Major Meeker, who acted so prominent a part in the movements of the troops preceding the battle of Minisink, a humorous incident has been preserved to us by tradition, illustrative of the influence of the price of an article regardless of its quality. Shortly after he became chosen to the rank of Major of the militia, he found it necessary to procure corresponding equipments, and for this purpose visited Newburgh. Chief among the military toggery desired, was a hat—an article, the flaunt of whose proud feather, and the glitter of the shield that fastened its turned up side, had long visited the dreams of the ambitious Major. It had been deci- ded on as one that should only be equaled by the best dressed officer of the brigade; and with this thought uppermost he entered the chief hat store of the place. He was shown one, with the style and fit of which he expressed himself pleased, and was told the price was only five dollars. “ But,” said the Major, “ isn't that rather low? To. be sure it is very nice, and no doubt110 HISTORY OP THH MINISINK REGION. good, but have you no higher priced ones ?” “ Cer- tainly/7 replied the hatter, and taking the hat he passed into a back room apparently to change it. Here he turned the feather a little more to the other side, brushed it thoroughly and in a few minutes brought out the same one. “ That’s a beauty,” exclaimed the de- lighted Major; “ What is the price of it ?” “ Ten dol- lars,” was the reply. “ I’ll take that one,” said the Major, and paying the money he walked away much better suited at having paid ten dollars for the military covering of his caput instead of five. There is an old tradition current amdhg the legends of Minisink and Greenville, that Joseph Brandt in order to acquaint himself with the state of affairs in the Mini- sink neighborhood, paid it a visit in secret, some time before his second invasion, and remained concealed in a swamp in the present town of Greenville, nearly a month. The neighbors suspected a certain man, who had expressed Tory sentiments pretty freely, of carry- ing victuals to the swamp for some purpose, supposing probably it was some stray Indian secreted there. They set a watch upon the Tory, and one morning caught him just before daylight returning from the swamp, whither he had been to carry the carcass of a sheep he had just slaughtered. A council of the citizens was called, and many plans suggested for his punish- ment, as he refused to tell whom he had been feeding. It was at last determined to drive him to Goshen on foot. The skin of the sheep he had killed was thoroughly wound about him, a soldier followed with his bayonet fixed to keep him from lagging, a boy brought up the rear with an old bass drum, and in this order he was marched to Goshen to jail, a distance of some sixteen miles; a feat that must have made him look somewhatTHE BATTLE OP MINISINK. Ill sheepish, as it was a broiling hot day in summer. We may well be assured too, that the settlers in Greenville felt somewhat sheepish when they found out what an important personage had been concealed beneath their very noses, and allowed to escape with impunity, when a very little energy would have captured him. Brandt by the above means became well informed of the nature and resources of the neighborhood, and thus was enabled to invade the Minisink Region so success- fully. The same knowledge enabled him so skilfully to defeat the irregular levies that pursued him, whose hasty action and ill-advised movements he naturally un- derstood from their ignorance of war, and was well pre- pared to take advantage of. A few days after this bat- tle he fell with the same suddenness upon a settlement in the valley of the Mohawk, and left it a smoking ruin. His success rendered his name a potent spell of fear, far and near. He was generally believed to have been a half-breed—his mother a Mohawk squaw and his father a German—but it has since been thought he was a pure Mohawk Indian. He acquired a good education at Dartmouth College, and was appointed to a Colonel's commission of the Six Nations, under George III. at the commencement of the Revolution. Education did not tame his savage nature, for says Dr. Wilson, “ In him the blood of the barbarian extinguished every spark of civilization that might have been kindled in his con- stitution. He was more cunning than the fox, and fiercer than the tiger." Immediate movements were made by the government to check these depredations upon the frontier settlements. General Sullivan, with three thousand men, ascended the Susquehanna to Tioga Point, near the present village of Waverly, where he Wftft met by Gen. Clinton, who with one thousand, had112 HISTORY OF THE MIRISIHK R1GI0H. marched from the Mohawk by the way of Cherry Val- ley. Uniting their forces they proceeded against' the Senecas, whose principal stations were on the banks of the Genesee. The Indians hearing of the projected ex- pedition, took possession of an elevated piece of ground near Newton, on the Tioga river, and fortified it with judgment. Here the combined forces of Sullivan and Clinton attacked them in August, the month after the Minisink battle. For two hours they stood a fierce can- nonading, but at length their trenches were forced and they fled precipitately. The victorious army penetrated into the very heart of their country, and laid it desolate. Their villages, with their detached habitations, their immense crops of growing corn and grain, fruit trees, and gardens, were indiscriminately destroyed. So heavy did the hand of retribution fall upon them, that though they occasionally made feeble irruptions into small set- tlements along the Mohawk, they never after were able to muster force enough to advance so far east as Min- isink. For forty-three years the bones of the victims of the Minisink battle were bleached and whitened by the sun, wind and rain, among the dark ravines and on the bleak hillside where they fell. They were not forgotten, for the fearful scenes attending the death struggle, and the cause in which they bravely fought and died, had stamped its impress indelibly upon the memory of their fellow citizens. The first attempt to recover their remains was made by the widows of the killed, of whom there were thirty-three in the Presbyterian congregation of Goshen. They undertook to proceed to the battle field on horseback, but had not gone far before they were forced to give up the task. The man they hired to guide them to the place, was paid liberally and promised to go118 THE) BATTLE) OF MINlSIHK. On and secure the remains. Bnt he proved faithless to his trust, and was never heard from afterward. In 1820 Dr^ David R.Arnell published a sketch of Gol. Tusten who was killed at the battle. It awoke a new interest in?the matter, and finally led to the appointment of a committee to gather up the bones. The committee jik&^ed the night at the house of Mr. Samuel Watkins, of Half-way Brook, a descendant of Samuel Watkins of 'Revolutionary fame; having traveled about forty miles the first day. The next day they proceeded to the bitttle1 field. This is in the town of Lumberland, Sulli- van county, opposite the mouth of the Lackawaxen. It commenced on the banks of the Delaware and ended about three-fourths of a mile from the river. Some of the bones were found several miles distant, in the woods, the whole vicinity being a dense wilderness. Some have thought that Indian bones were picked up with the others; but the rule of the Indians was to carry off their slain; and on this occasion, says Eager, the sur- vivors saw the Indians after the battle engaged in this very duty. On the 22d of July, 1822, the bones were buried in Goshen—Col. Hathorn, then eighty years of age, laying the corner-stone of the monument. Dr. Jas. R. Wilson delivered the address, and it was estimated that at least 15,000 people witnessed the ceremonies. The monument bore the names of forty-four of the killed, and the date and purposes of its erection. In 1861 the old monument having become much defaced, Dr. Merit H. Cash, of Wawayanda, bequeathed four thousand dol- lars to the county for the purpose of procuring a new one. His views were carried out, and on the 22d of July, 1862, the eighty-third anniversary of the battle, the new monument was dedicated amid imposing cere- monies, and in presence of full as large an assemblage as114 HISTOffcY OF THE M1HIS1NK REGION, had attended that of the former* John C. Dimmick, Esq., delivered the address on the occasion. The monument stands in the yard of the Presbyterian church at Goshen. It is of marble, each corner bearing the figure of an eagle with distended wings. On the east side is inscribed the name of the donor and date of its erection; on the north a representation of the battle scene; and on the west the names of forty-four of the killed. The whole is surmounted by a marble column bearing on the top a figure of Hope pointing upward, an appropriate memorial of the disastrous battle that cost the lives of so many of the staunch citizens of old Orange.CHAPTER X. TOWN OF MINISINK. In 1788, after the close of the Revolutionary war, the Legislature of the State of New York began to study more closely the wants of the people than they had done when war alone usurped their attention. A general organization act was passed, dividing the State into fourteen counties, which were subdivided into town- ships. Orange county was one of those formed by the general provisions of this act, but its boundaries remain- ed the same as they had been since its first organization in 1683. It included the present county of Rockland, and extended from the Jersey line along the west side of the Hudson river to Murderer’s creek, and from the mouth of Murderer’s crdfek west along the line of Ulster county to the Delaware river. By the provisions of this act the county was divided into the following towns, "which may be said to date their first regular establishment with this year: Cornwall, Goshen, Montgomery, N e wburgh, New Windsor, Wallkill, Minisink, W arwick. Minisink, Montgomery, Newburgh and Wallkill originally included portions of the county of Ulster. Minisink was then of considerable extent, comprising116 HISTOftr OF THE M1M9IHK EEGIOH. the area now covered by the towns of Wawayanda, Greenville, Minisink, and portions of Mount Hope and Deerpark. In 1790 it had a population of 2,215. It now covers less than one-third the area, yet in 1865 had a population of 1,209. It is bounded on the south by the State of New Jersey, east by the town of Warwick and partly by Wawayanda, north by Wawayanda, and west by Deerpark and part of New Jersey. The Wallkill river and Rutger’s creek form a large portion of the southern and eastern boundary line. The principal villages are Westtown and Unionville. Westtown in the south-eastern, and Unionville in the southern part, near the New Jersey State line. Unionville is said to derive its name from the dispute between New York and New Jersey in 1740, related in the fourth chapter of this work. The village at the time of the settlement of the difference, consisted of two or three houses. It stood on the disputed territory, and when the final boundary line was run between the two States, it was so near the line that it took the name of Unionville, in commemoration of the uniting of the States in renewed friendly relations* At present it contains a hotel, two churches, and four or five stores. Westtown is supposed to be the oldest in date of set- tlement, and at the time it was founded was the Only village in the western part of the town. From this cir- cumstance it probably derived its name. It contains a hotel, two stores, two churches, and an academy. Rutger’s creek is the most considerable stream in the town. It flows through it in a north-easterly direction, furnishing the water power for a grist mill, &c., at the village of Waterloo Mills, in the north-western corner of the town. About three miles north of Westtotvn* it unites with the outlet of Binnewater pond, where itTOWN OP MINISINK. 117 becomes a boundary line between Wawayanda and Min- isink, Its course is then south-east till it empties into the Wallkill a little below the village of Gardnersville, where it furnishes water power for a grist mill. Its name is a corruption of the word Rutky, supposed to be the name of an old Indian who formerly resided somewhere along its banks. The first road or turnpike of any considerable magni* tude in western Orange, led from the valley of the Del- aware near Carpenter's Point, a short distance below Port Jervis, to Esopus, or Rondout, as it was familiarly known. It was constructed for mining purposes, and the date of its building has been lost in oblivion. It is supposed to have been built previous to the year 1664. In 1809 a turnpike was chartered from Goshen to Carpenter's Point, where a ferry was in operation. This extends principally through the present towns of Wa- wayanda and Greenville, and through the villages of Denton, Brookfield, Centreville and Greenville. In 1812 a charter was obtained for the “Goshen and Westtown Turnpike Company," passing the legislature June 1st of that year. Section first declares, “ That Reuben Hopkins, Freegift Tuthill, Benjamin Strong, Stephen Jackson, James Carpenter, David M. Westcott, and all such other persons as shall associate for the pur- pose of making a good and sufficient turnpike road, to begin at the line that divides the States of New York and New Jersey, between the 40th and 41st mile stone, and to extend from thence to the village of Westtown, from thence to Rutger's kill near the mill of Jones and Van Cleft, from thence to the hill commonly called Pellet's Round Hill, near the edge of the Wallkill, and thence on the most eligible route to intersect the Goshen and Mhwsink turnpike near the village of Goshen, to be118 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. laid out by three commissioners appointed by the per- son administering the government of this State, shall be and hereby are erected and made a corporation and body politic, in fact and in name, by the name of the president, directors and company of the Goshen and Westtown turnpike road, and by that name shall be capable in law,” to hold, purchase, or sell land, &c.; pro- vided that the real estate owned by the company shall not exceed $2,500. Section second appoints George D. Wickham, Stephen Jackson, Freegift Tuthill and Cotton Mathers commis- sioners to receive subscriptions to the stock of said com- pany, which was to consist of seven hundred shares at $25 per share. Section third fixes the rates of toll on said road, for every 10 miles 12£ cents for every vehicle drawn by two animals; 6 cents for every horse and rider; 12§ cents for a one-horse pleasure wagon; 25 cents for a four-wheeled carriage; and 6 cents for a sled or sleigh. Section fourth places the quorum of directors at four; the “chord of the arch of the road” not less than twenty-four feet; and declared the act to be null and void unless the road was completed in less than four years. In this connection I will here subjoin a law of the olden time, for the gratification of those curious in mat- ters of ancient legislation. It was passed at an annual town meeting of the citizens of Minisink, April 1,1790: “ Whereas, the raising of sheep is of great advantage to individuals and of public utility, and for the greater encouragement thereof, “ Be it ordained and established, by the freeholders and inhabitants of the town of Minisink, in annual town meeting assembled on the first day of April, 1790, andTOWN OP MINISINK. 119 it is hereby ordered and established by the authority of the same, that between the twentieth day of August and the first day of November in each year thereafter, no ram or rams shall run at large in the public highways or commons in the town of Minisink, under the penalties hereafter mentioned. (Then follow the penalties, which were a forfeiture of the animal, to be sold at ven- due, &c.) “ Section 2. And be it ordained and established by the authority aforesaid, that all fences in the town of Mini- sink in order to be lawful, shall be four feet two inches high, against all creatures belonging to persons who live in said town. (As this law has not been repealed it is presumed to be of full virtue at the present day.) “ Section 5. And be it ordered by the authority afore- said, that a premium or reward of <£3 (about $14J) shall be given to every person who shall kill a full grown wolf in the town of Minisink, and thirty shillings (about $7J) for every lesser or young wolf that can see.” The tradition is, that in those glorious old times it was the custom to intrust the votes given at town meetings to the Town Clerk, whose duty it was to count them the following day’. “ This,” adds our informant, “ often led to difficulty; for during the jollification given by the supposed successful candidates, that functionary fre- quently became somewhat elevated and lost the pre- cious tickets.” This however may be regarded as a “ willful misrepresentation of the fact,” as Irving says. OLD FAMILIES OP MINISINK. Sayre.—It is not known to us what date the first res- ident of this name came to the town. Joshua Sayre, doubtless one of the original settlers, was elected Super- visor of the town in 1820, and was a member of the New York legislature (assembly) in 1814.120 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. Dunning.—The ancestor of this family was Michael Dunning, who for some time resided in Goshen. His grandson, Daniel Dunning, removed with his step-father to this town shortly after the Revolution. His unde, Benjamin Dunning, was killed at the battle of Minisink in 1779. Benjamin Dunning, probably a descendant of the family, was elected Supervisor of the town for six consecutive years, commencing in 1814. He was also• chosen a member of the New York legislature (assem. bly) in 1824. Bradner.—It is believed that at present not many descendants of the original family of this name reside in the present limits of the town. John Bradner, the first citizen of whom we find mention made, was the first Supervisor of the town after its organization in 1788. He was elected four consecutive years, commencing with 1789. . Cooley.—The descendants of this old family, we believe, are now almost all included in the population , of adjoining towns. Jonathan' Cooley was first Town Clerk of the town in 1789, cotemporary with John Bradner. He held the office two years, and was elected Supervisor in 1793, which office he held four consecutive years. A descendant of his, Freegift Cooley, formerly owned the farm now owned by Mr. William H. Carpen- ter in Wawayanda. He is said to have been a very eccentric man, as the following incident shows: In those times, which was before the invention of stoves, it was the custom to use fire-places in which cord-wood could be used as it was first cut in the woods^ One cold morning in winter, when the snow .was very Aeep»v Mr. Cooley was early engaged in dragging.: indoors,,a prodigious backlog. It happened just the»T tha^vn neighboring tailor was passing by,: it, beingja r-teil$£kjrTOWN OP MINISINK. 121 duty in those days to go from house to house and do odd jobs of mending and making apparel. Seeing Mr. Cooley struggling with the log, he concluded to assist him, and accordingly stuck his press-board in the snow and advanced to lend a helping hand. Without saying a word he took hold of one end of the log. Mr. Cooley at the same instant let go his hold, and quietly.stepping behind the tailor, gave him a tremendous kick accom- panied with the quaint advice, “ Help when you are asked to, after this.” The tailor’s action in the matter is not knowm, but it is presumed he again took his onward way, both a sadder and wiser man. TuTHiLL.-r-The date of this family’s emigration to this town is not known. The first citizen of the name we find mentioned in the old annals, is Freegift Tuthill, who was a member of the Goshen and Westtown Turn- pike Company in 1812. Richard M. Tuthill, Jr., was elected a member of the New York Legislature (Assem- bly) in 1845. He was also Town Clerk in 1837, and again in 1838. He was much respected and was a very able and worthy man. His son, Mr. Charles H. Tuthill, served as Town Clerk in 1862 and in 1863. Robert C. Tuthill was also Town Clerk in 1856 and 1857. Wheth- er all of the name are descendants of one family or not we are unable to say. Clark.—This family is ancient, and its descendants numerous in the towns of Wawayanda, Greenville and Minisink. The first mentioned in old records is Hulet Clark, who was first elected Town Clerk in 1819 and served two years. He was also Supervisor in 1851, 1852 and 1853. This family was the especial victims of the dysentery in the year 1825. The following mem- bers of his family died in sixteen days; (Eager’s His- tory, p. 419.) 6122 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. Samuel J. Clark, aged 7 years, died August IT, 1826, James M. Clark, “ 3 “ “ 18* Bertha Clark, “ 9 “ “ “ 20, Alfred Clark, “ 10 “ “ “ 22, Henry Clark, “ 5 “ “ “ 24, Mary Clark, “ 33 “ “ Sept. 2, Harvey H. Clark, of Greenville, was elected Town Clerk of that town in 1855, 1859 and 1860; also, Super- visor of that town in 1865 and 1866. W. L. Clark was Town Clerk of the same town in 1856, and Alfred L. Clark in 185T. Whether originally of one common ancestry or not, we do not know. Decker.—This family has also representatives in Greenville and. Wawayanda. The different branches are probably directly or remotely connected with Isaac Decker, who settled near Ridgebury in the year 1800. Dewitt Decker, Esq., (of another family) was elected Supervisor of Minisink in 1860 and again in 1861. His son, Mr. Henry D. Decker, was elected Town Clerk in 1864, 1865 and 1866. MEMBER OF PROVINCIAL CONGRESS FROM MINISINK. 1775 John D. Coe. SENATORS FROM MINISINK. 1795 John D. Coe. ASSEMBLYMEN FROM MINISINK. 1779-80 John D. Coe. 1789-90 John D. Coe. 1791 . . . John D. Coe. 1792 John D. Coe. ' 1794 John D. Coe. 1812 . Peter Holbert. 1814 , . Joshua Sayre. 1816 John Hallock, Jr. 1820 . . John Hallodt, Jr.TOWN OP MINISINK. 123 1824 1834 1835 1837 1841 1842 1845 1847 1850 Benjamin Dunning. Merit H. Cash. Merit H. Gash. Merit H. Cash. Gideon W. Cock, Sr. Roswell Mead. Richard M. Tuthill, Jr. Joseph Davis. Daniel Durland. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS OP U. S. FROM MINISINK. 1825-27—(19th Congress) John Hallock, Jr. 1827-29—(20th Congress) John Hallock, Jr. SUPERVISORS' AND TOWN CLERKS OP MINISINK FROM ITS ORGANIZATION IN 1788 TO 1866. The first Town Meeting was held at the house of John Yan Tyle, April, 1789. SUPERVISORS. 1789— John Bradner. 1790— John Bradner. 1791— John Bradner. 1792— John Bradner. 1793— Jonathan Cooley. 1794— Jonathan Cooley. 1795— Jonathan Cooley. 1796— Jonathan Cooley. 1797— Levi Yan Etten. 1798— Nathan Arnout. 1799— Henry Tucker. 1800— Henry Tucker. 1801— Henry Tucker. 1802— Henry Tucker. 1803— Henry Tucker. 1804— Henry Tucker. 1805“Henry Tucker, TOWN CLERKS. Jonathan Cooley. Jonathan Cooley. Henry Tucker. Henry Tucker. James Steward. James Steward. James Steward. James Steward. Martiness Cuykendall. James Steward. James Steward. James Steward. James Steward, Jr. James Steward, Jr. James Steward, Jr. James Steward, Jr. James Steward, Jr,124 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. 1806— Henry Tucker. 1807— Henry Tucker. 1808— David Christie. 1809— David Christie. 1810— David Christie. 1811— Joseph Smith. 1812— Joseph Smith. 1813— Peter Holbert. 1814— Benjamin Dunning. 1815— Benjamin Dunning. 1816— Benjamin Dunning. 1817— Benjamin Dunning. 1818— Benjamin Dunning. 1819— Benjamin Dunning. 1820— Joshua Sayre. 1821— David Christie. 1822— —Benjamin Dunning. 1823— Benjamin Dunning. 1824— Increase B.Stoddard. 1825— David Christie. 1826— David Christie. 1827— David Christie. 1828— David Christie. 1829— James Hulse. 1830— James Hulse. 1831— Hulet Clark. 1832— Merit H. Cash. 1833— Merit H. Cash. 1834— Joseph Davis. 1835— Isaac Cook. 1836— Isaac Cook. 1837— Isaac Cook. 1838— Gideon W. Cock, Sr. 1839— Gideon W. Cock, Sr. James Steward, Jr. James Steward, Jr. James Steward, Jr. Increase B. Stoddard. Peter Holbert. Hezekiah Taylor. Hezekiah Taylor. John Hallock, Jr. John Hallock, Jr. John Hallock, Jr. John Hallock, Jr. Jonathan Carpenter. Jonathan Carpenter. Hulet Clark. Hulet Clark. James Hulse. William Evans. Martin L. Mapes. Jonathan Bailey. Peter Holbert. Peter Holbert. James Hulse. James Hulse. Joseph Davis. Merit H. Cash. Merit H. Cash. David H. Slawson. David H. Slawson. John C. Owen. Roswell Mead. Roswell Mead. Richard M. Tuthill. Richard M. Tuthill, Jr. Dewitt C, Hallock.TOWN OF MINISINK. m 1840“Roswell Mead. 1841— Roswell Mead. 1842— John C. Wisner. 1843— Jflhn C. Wisner. 1844— Joseph Davis. 1845— Gabriel Horton. 1846— Gabriel Horton. 1847— Stewart T. Durland. 1848— Stewart T. Durland. 1849— Daniel Fullerton. 1850— Timothy Wood. 1851— Hulet Clark. 1852— Hulet Clark. 1853— Hulet Clark. 1854— Albert A. Seymour. 1855— Albert A. Seymour. 1856— Joseph M. Case. 1857— Joseph M. Case. 1858— John C. Wisner. 1859— John C. Wisner. 1860— -Dewitt Decker. 1861— Dewitt Decker. 1862— Joseph M. Case. 1863— Joseph M. Case. 1864— Joseph M. Case. 1865— Joseph M. Case. Erastus Stickney. Erastus Stickney. Henry H* Stewart. Henry H. Stewart. David Clark. Joseph M. Case. Stewart T. Durland. Stephen Harding. Lewis Armstrong. William Hatch, Jr. William Hatch, Jr. Henry C. Halsey. Samuel B. Elston. Isaac Winters. Simeon M.Coykendall. Simeon M. Coykendall. Robert C. Tuthill. Robert C. Tuthill. Jacob P. Snook. Jacob P. Snook. John R. Halstead. John R. Halstead. Charles H Tuthill. Charles H. Tuthill. Henry D. Decker. Henry D. Decker. Henry D. Decker. 1866—Joseph M. Case. The number of acres of land assessed in the town in 1865, was 14,045 ; assessed value thereof, $512,209, or about $36 47 per acre; personal property, $140,989.CHAPTER XI. TOWN OF DEERPARK. In 1798 the county of Rockland was set off from Orange by act of the legislature ; and in order to main- tain the size of Orange county, five towns from Ulster were incorporated into its limits, making it of its pres- ent dimensions. The present town of Deerparfc was thus formed principally from the town of Mamakating, in Ulster county. Eager says the name arose from the following circumstance: A man by the name of Mc- Daniel, one of the early settlers, owned a small tract of land somewhere within its limits, which he enclosed with a fence made of brush and small trees lopped together. Some of his neighbors to ridicule it called it McDaniel's “ deer-park•” and the name became so familiar that the whole vicinity soon went by the same cognomen by which the town is now known, The most of the town is included in the limits of the old Minisink patent, which also covers a large portion of the town of Minisink, in conjunction with the Waway- anda patent. As has been made known in the previous chapters of this work, this portion of Orange was one of the earliest settled ; the fertile valleys of the Dela- ware and Neversink attracting attention from the very first visitors of that region. In 1800, two years after the formation of the town of Deerpark, it had a popu-TOWN Of DfilS$tPA&& 12? lation of 955. In 1855 it had increased to 5,504, and in 1865 to 7,417. It is bounded on the north by Sullivan county, west by Pennsylvania, south by Pennsylvania and Npw Jersey, and east by Greenville and Mount Hope* Mongaup river or creek forms the boundary line on the north-west, the Delaware river on the south and south-west, and the Shawangunk mountain on the east. The principal streams are, the Neversink, flowing- through the town in a southerly direction ; the Bashus’ kill, also flowing south ; and Ouwe (Old) Dam kill, Spar- rowbush creek, Grassy Swamp brook, Fall brook and other streams. The Neversink is supposed to be an old ;Inf Peter E. Gumaer. Two mills were early erected on Ouwe Dam kill, (Old Dam brook,) also one on the Neversink river, near Cuddebackville, in the128 HIST0R7 OF THE linttSINK REGION. year 1770, by Jacob R. De Witt, according to the same authority. Several others were located near where Port Jervis now stands. The principal villages of the town are Port Jervis and Cuddebackville. Westbrookville, Huguenot, Bolton and Gumaer’s, are thriving places. Port Jervis may be said to have been founded in the year 1826, the date of the construction of the Delaware and Hudson canal through the town, to which event this thriving village may be said to be indebted for its origin. It is named after the superintendent who attended the building of the canal, one Mr. Jervis, who made it his place of business for some time. The first merchants in the village were Gilbert F. Mondon, Stephen St. John and Benjamin Dodge. The two last named were in partnership at first. These men, with Dr. Conklin, are said to have been the first to abandon the sale of spirituous liquors when the agitation of the temperance question commenced. In 1859 the village contained thirteen stores, nine hotels, two tobacco manufactories, grist mills, and numerous representatives of the different professional pursuits, besides the ex- tensive machine shops of the Erie Railway company, which are well worthy of a visit from those curious in matters of machinery, or who like to view the giant iron horse at rest by the dozen in this vast stable—the engine house. The village being the western end of the eastern division of the Erie Railway, which was built through the town a few years after the Delaware and Hudson canal, has no doubt greatly enhanced its prosperity. The small village of Germantown, or as it was formerly called, Honesdale, a short distance north-west on the canal, may now properly be styled a part of Port Jervis,TOWN OP DBERPARK. 129 since the whole line of the canal in that vicinity is a continuous village. Ouddebackville is in the north-eastern part of the town on the line of the canal. It is named in honor of an old settler, Jacob Cuddeback, one of the original owners of a patent given in the year 1697, for the land in what was called the Peenpack valley. One of his descendants, Col. William Cuddeback, owned the site of the village at the date of the building of the canal, which was the origin of the village. It now has two or three stores, two churches and a hotel. Westbrookville is a small village, north-east from Ouddebackville, also on the canal, which gave rise to it. A store and hotel comprise its business portion, and it is named after John Westbrook, who kept a sort of store pr tavern at this same place before the Revolution, and whose descendants for a long time resided near it. Huguenot is a small village between Port Jervis and Gumaer’s, on the canal. It is chiefly noted for the mineral springs lately discovered near it, and the splendid hotel erected there. It is named after the Protestant refugees from France, many of whom settled in the valley, and were called Huguenots. It has a grist mill, stores, olt it. The Indian endeavored to push the door open, but in the struggle the Colonel proved the stronger, and the attempt failed. The savage then attempted to break open the door with a broad-axe which was lying on the porch. The Colonel frightened him away by calling loudly for his musket and pistols. These his wife brought, and the Colonel determined to defend the house at all hazards. His wife raised a win- dow sash for the purpose of closing the blinds so as to darken the room, but was frightened away by a man disguised as an Indian, but whose blue eyes at once revealed the Tory. The Colonel then retired to the upper part of the house with his family, and the assail- ants soon broke into the lower rooms. The Colonel's three female slaves were captured and placed near the door under charge of Ben Shanks, while the Tory and three other savages searched for valuables. Just at this time one of the slaves saw Hannah coming through the gateway near the barn, to resume her spinning at the Colonel’s. The slave motioned to her in the most forcible manner to go back, that she was in danger and must not come to the house; but the poor girl not un- derstanding her meaning-, walked leisurely into the kitchen. When she comprehended her danger, her terror was extreme. She wrung her hands in agony, and with one of the slaves uttered the most moving en- treaties for life. But the unfeeling monsters compelledTOWN OP DEERPARK. 143 her with the uplifted tomahawk to take a place with the slaves. Then gathering up the spoils^ they ordered their prisoners to advance, one of them leading the way across the fields toward the mountain, and leaving Col, Jansen in possesion of his house. While these events were taking place, Mr. Mack, with his daughter Elsie, a young lady of eighteen, had been to visit his son-in-law, John Mentze, and to ta£e back their winter clothing which they had been in the habit of leaving at Mr. Mentze’s when not needed, as Mack’s dwelling was more exposed to Indian and Tory depre- dations. They were now on their way home across the mountain, accompanied by John Mentze, following an Indian path through the woods, the nearest habitation over the mountain being nine miles. After going about four miles they reached the foot of a precipitous ledge near the summit of the mountain, and stopped to rest, Mack remarking to his son-in-law, as he sat down to light his pipe, that he had gone far enough and might return. While they were talking, Elsie climbed to the summit of the precipice to enjoy the view, which com- prised a large portion of Orange and Ulster counties. Suddenly their horses seemed frightened at something in the bushes not far from where they had been tied. They looked round for the cause, and the old man see- ing them first, cried out, “ They are Indians.” Mentze raised on tiptoe, and looking over the laurels, replied, “ No; it is a Tory with negroes.” Almost as soon as he spoke however he saw the frightful visage of Shanks, with the three negroes behind him, creeping toward them under cover of the laurel bushes, while the Tory and other Indians had gained the path below them to cut off their retreat. Being unarmed, he saw there was no safety but in flight, and immediately fled toward the144 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. horses, running under the neck of one of them, and toward the bank of a brook. J^s he turned down the bank of the brook, he heard Elsie give a heart-rending shriek, but knew he could do nothing to aid the doomed girl, and not daring to waste his time, he leaped into the brook, a distance of some fifteen feet, in doing which he severely sprained his ankle. Unheeding the pain he threw c$F his now water-soaked shoes, and fled down the rocky bottom of the brook and across the fields to Mr. Thomas Jansen’s, a brother of the Colonel. Seeing persons passing, he halloed loudly and was heard. A party of friends quickly volunteered, and Mentze pro- curing his faithful rifle, led the way regardless of his bruised and swollen ankle. On arriving at the place of the attack a bundle of clothes was found, but nothing could be seen of Mr. Mack or his daughter. Tracks were found leading in a westerly direction, toward the aforementioned brook. They were followed, and on ascending about ten paces up a gentle declivity on the other side of the brook, the objects of their search were exposed to view. At the foot of a rock oak tree, the old man lay upon his hands and knees, dead, and scalped in the most horrible manner. From his position it was evident he had struggled long in the agonies of death. His head hung down between his shoulders, and his hands were clenched and filled with leaves. About five feet further up lay his daughter, stretched at full length upon the bank, her clothing properly arranged, and her inanimate form scalped in the same terrible manner. A rude bier was constructed, and their remains tenderly and mournfully carried home for proper interment. Mentze was so overcome by the affecting scene that he had to be supported homeward by the strong arms of his sympathizing friends. He remembered that Han*145 TOWN OF J)S$8P±»X. nah, captured at Col. Janaen’s, wae not with Shanks7 band when he saw then?, and search was instantly made for h^r. The next day, as they were about giving up the search, a dog belonging to the party was observed to direct his course to a lonely field near the Colonel's house, and on following him they soon came in sight of the mangled corpse of her whom they sought, hike her friend Elsie, she too had been scalped, and the bleeding skull excited feelings of horror in those who cante to witness the scene. She too was transported in silence to the humble mansion of her venerable unde, and from thence in due season to that solitary bourne from whence no traveler returns. Shanks after this affair never ventured again in that neighborhood. He however made his appearance after the war at Cochecton, in company with Canope, an In- dian of that place. They were warned by the whites not to remain long in the vicinity, but disregarding the caution, they proceeded up the Delaware to fish and hunt. Finally they got acquainted with a man named Ben Haines, who lived near Handsome Eddy, and con- cluded to make his house their home. Haines managed to send word to Tom Quick and Cobe Shimey (an ac- quaintance of the two ladies murdered on the Shawan- gunk,) at Minisink, and they proceeded to Haines’ house secretly, for the purpose of trapping the Indians. They placed themselves in ambush near the bank of the river, and Haines, understanding their position, enticed the Indians to a favorable spot under pretense of its being better fishing. Quick and Shimer fired at them—Quick wounding Canope, while Shimer missed Shanks entirely. Haines knocked Canope in the head with a pine knot. Shanks fled, and was pursued by Quick some distance, hut escaped by reason of superior speed. He passed146 HISTORY OF THE MIHISIKK REGION. through Cochecton afterward on his way west, breath- ing vengeance against the white man, and was never more seen along the Delaware. (Quinlan's Life of Tom Quick.) Tom Quick.—The ancestors of this celebrated person were among the earliest settlers in Ulster county, having emigrated to that section some time previous to the year 1700. Tom's father, as has been previously stated, was murdered by the Indians in an extremely barbarous manner; an event that shaped the future of Tom's life. This took place near where Milford now stands, on the Pennsylvania side of the river. Tom was a boy at the time, and as affairs were then in an extremely unsettled state, it being just previous to the commencement of the old French and Indian war, he had a fine opportu- nity to revenge the death of his father. He took to the woods, followed hunting, fishing and trapping for a liv- ing, and grew to man's stature almost an Indian in ap- pearance. His antipathy to that race grew with his years, and he was never known to miss an opportunity of killing ah Indian, young or old. He once slew an In- dian chief, squaw, and their children, in a canoe on the Neversink. When reproached with killing the children he replied, “ Nits make lice.” The Indians tried hard to get him in their power, and twice took him prisoner, but his good fortune enabled him to escape each time. They once stole the bell of a cow owned by his relative, where he was staying, and hid with it among the brush, knowing he was in the habit of driving up the cow at night. When he came out to look for her, they jingled the bell gently to entice him to the spot; but Tom mis- trusted something, by the bell being rung so long in one place, and accordingly crept around behind them unseen, and with his trusty rifle killed one and severely woundedTOWN OP DEERPARK. 147 another. He died peacefully at an advanced age, re- gretting only that he had not quite killed an even hun- dred of the hated race. MEMBER OP PROVINCIAL CONGRESS PROM DEERPARK. 1775 . . . David Pye. MEMBERS OP CONVENTIONS TO FORM STATE CONSTITUTION PROM DEERPARK. 1777 . . . David Pye, 1846 . . . Lewis Cuddeback. MEMBERS OP COLONIAL ASSEMBLY FROM DEERPARK. 1752 • . . Moses DePue, Jr. 1759 . . . Moses DePue, Jr. MEMBERS OP STATE SENATE FROM DEERPARK. 1791 1792 1793 1794 David Pye. David Pye. David Pye. David Pye. MEMBERS OP COUNCIL OP APPOINTMENT FOR STATE SENATORS PROM DEERPARK. 1784 . . . Jacobus Swartout. . 1786 . . . Jacobus Swartout. 1792 . . . David Pye. MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY FROM DEERPARK. 1795 . David Pye. 1796 . David Pye. 1803 James Pinch, Jr. 1010 . James Finch, Jr. 1814 . James Pinch, Jr. 1815 . James Pinch, Jr. 1816 . James Pinch. 1817 . James Pinch.148 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. 1820 . James Finch, Jr. 1824 . James Finch, Jr. 1830 . Abraham Cuddeback. 1833 . James Finch. 183$ . Thomas Van Etten, Jr. 1841 . Lewis Cuddeback. 1852 , Abraham J. Cuddeback. 1855 . James Bennet. The town book previous to 1854 appears to have been lost, as the writer with the assistance of Mr. W. E. Haggerty, the present Town Clerk, searched the office for it thoroughly without avail. The following list of the names of the %perviscsrs and Town Clerks we de- rived from loose papers m the office, and is imperfect; but until the lost records pan be found or replaced, there will necessarily be a blank in regard to some of the early town proceedings. The first town meeting after the organization of the town appears to have been held May 2,1799, and the following gentlemen acted as inspectors of election, viz.: James Finch, Jr., William Deem, William Young, Joseph Smith and Elias Gumaer. In 1801 the town meeting was held at the house of Samuel Watkins. NAMES OP THE SUPERVISORS AND TOWN CLERKS, OP DEER- PARK, PROM ITS ORGANIZATION TO THE PRESENT TIME. SUPERVISORS. TOWN OI^SRKS. 1799— James Finch, Jr. -------- ----- 1800— James Finch, Jr- -------- ----- 1801— James Finch. Enoch Tuthill. 1802----------------------------------- 1803 ----r -r—------------------------ 1804 ------- -r—----------------------- 1805 --------t—------------------------ 1806—Peter (Jfmapr. James Finch, Jr.TOWN OP DEEBPABK. 149 StJPEBVISOBS. 1807— James Finch. 1808— James Finch. 1809— James Finch, Jr. 1810— Peter E. Gumaer. 1811— Peter E. Gumaer. 1812— Peter E. Gumaer. 1813— Peter E. Gumaer. 1814— Peter E. Gumaer. 1815— James Finch, Jr. 1816— -James Finch, Jr. 1817— Abraham Cuddeback. 1818— James Finch, Jr. 1819— James Finch, Jr. 1820— Abraham Cuddeback. 1821---------- 1822— —----- 1823——--------— TOWtf CLERKS. Peter E. Gumaer. Peter E. Gumaer. Stephen Famum. Stephen Famum. Stephen Famum. Stephen Famum. # Stephen Famum. Stephen Famum. Charles Murray . Charles Murray. Charles Murray. Stephen Famum. Stephen Famum. Stephen Famum. 1824— David G. Finch. Joseph Conklin. 1825— Peter E. Gumaer. ------- —— 1826— Peter E. Gumaer. —- —— 1827— Philip Swartout. Benj. Tan Inwegen. 1828— Philip Swartout. ---- —— 1829— Benjamin Cuddeback. Benj. Tan Inwegeu. 1830— Levi Tan Inwegeu. 1831— ---------------------------- — 1832— ------- —------— 1833— -------- ---------------------- 1834------------------------ —------- 1835— Lewis Cuddeback. 1836— Lewis Cuddeback. 1837— Lewis Cuddeback. 1838— George Burns. 1839— Levi Tan Etten. John S. Tan Inwegen. John S. Tan Inwegen. Peter Cuddeback. Peter Cuddeback.150 HISTORY OF THB MINISINK REGION. SUPERVISORS. 1840—Levi Van Etten. 1841------— 1842—Lewis Yan Inwegen. 1843 --------- 1844 --------- 1845- 1846- 1847------------ 1848— Peter Yan Inwegen. 1849— David Swartout. 1850— James Yan Fleet. 1851— Samuel Fowler. 1852 ---------- 1853 ---------- 1854— James Bennet. 1855— Eli Yan Inwegen. 1856— Eli Yan Inwegen. 1857— Peter Cuddeback. 1858— John Yan Etten. 1859— John Yan Etten. 1860— Solomon Van Etten. 1861— Solomon Yan Etten. TOWN CLERKS. Peter Cuddeback. John S. Yan Inwegen. Peter G.Van Inwegen. J. B. Crawford. Peter G.Van Inwegen. F. W. Lockwood. F. W. Lockwood. Waltemire Westbrook. Andrew Conger. Joseph H. Knowlton. Dayton T. Cox. George Brodhead. George Brodhead. George Brodhead. Charles W. Douglass. Edgar A. Wells. 1862— Orville J. Brown. 1863— Franklin R.Brodhead. Dayton T. Cox. 1864— Franklin R.Brodhead. Francis R. Fossard. 1865— Franklin R.Brodhead. George Clauson. 1866— Franklin R.Brodhead. William E. Haggerty. The number of acres of land assessed in the town in 1865, was 34,225; assessed value, $1,192,520; personal property,$241,600.CHAPTER XII. TOWN OP MOUNT HOPE. This town was erected by an act of the State Legis- lature in 1825. It was formed from parts of the towns of Minisink, Wallkill and Deerpark, and was first called Calhoun, in honor of John C. Calhoun, the celebrated statesman of South Carolina. His views, policy, and patriotic course as Secretary of War during the contest with Great Britain in 1812, had rendered him a very popular man at the time, and thus the town came to be named after him. It went by this name till 1831 or 1832, when the inhabitants suddenly discovered his prin- ciples of public government to disagree with theirs. No time was lost in endeavoring to obliterate his memory from the annals of the town. A public meeting was called, and it was resolved to thereafter call the town Mount Hope; by which name it has been known to the present day. The following is a copy of the act passed by the Legislature confirming the action of the citizens: “ Chapter 63.—An Act to alter the name of the town of Calhoun. Passed March 14,1833. “ The people of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: § 1. Prom the passage of this act, the town of Calhoun in the county of Orange, shall be known and 4istingni$bed by the wm® of the town of Mount Hope,”152 HISTORY OP THB MIHISINK REGIOlf. The records of the town are very deficient in matter relating to the history of its formation, &c., the pro- ceedings of the various town meetings previous to 1849 having been destroyed, mostly by a fire which occurred about the year 1848. The town in shape is an almost exact diamond, and embraces in its limits a large por- tion of the eastern slope of Shawangunk Mountain, which affords the finest scenery, it may be said, in the world, apart from our vast rivers, and which one of its citizens with just reason not long since prophesied would yet toe litied with the country residences of city gentle- men. By the discovery of the valuable lead rallies on ShaWahgtink Mountain, the resources of the town have been largely increased, and its exports are probably larger then any other town noticed in this work. The oldest laridrhark of the town is on the line between it and Wallkiil, and is dated 1705. It has btit one stream of importance—the ShaWangunk kill—flowing from south to north the whole length of the town, and Fur- nishing Water power for several grist and saw thills. The name, as applied to the stream and mountain, is doubtless derived from the name of the tribe of Indians who Ohce occupied a large share of the territory in the vicinity—the Shcinwarts, mentioned in Arent Schuyler's visit to the MiniSink Region in our first chapter. The change from the word Shcmwan to Sftawtintjiilili, it is obvious Would be a very simple transition. The town is bounded, on the north by Sullivan county, y at the time. He married a daugh- ter Of John Howell, Sr., and had nine children. One ofTOWN OP W A WAY AND A. 171 his daughters married Roswell Mead, another married Samuel Vail, Sr., another married John E. S. Gardner, and another married Parmenas Horton. Merit H. Cash kept the old homestead. He married a daughter of Joseph Davis, Esq., but had no children. James M. Cash, Sr., married a daughter of--White, Esq., by whom he had one son, who died young, and in whom the name of Cash became extinct as first mentioned. John Morris Cash married a daughter of Ira Gardner, Esq. Solomon V. R. Cash married a daughter of Joseph Davis, Esq. Selah Cash died quite young, and was never married. Merit H. adopted the profession of a physician, and became quite a successful one. He held various civil offices in the old town of Minisink before its division, and was elected three tiipes a member of the New York Legislature. Stickney.—William Stickney, the first of the name of whom we have any knowledge, settled at Rowley, Mas- sachusetts, in 1639. One of the name held a colonel's commission in the Revolutionary war, and was at the battle of Bennington under Gen. Stark, as mentioned in Eastman’s History of New York (page 230). Eliphalet. Stickney, son of Dr. James Stickney, of Newburgh, was the earliest resident of this vicinity, and married a daughter of John Howell, Sr. They had eight children, Erastus, Charles, John, Benjamin, William, Julia, Harriet and Charlotte. The family afterwards removed west, except Erastus and Julia. Erastus married a daughter of Prentice Allyn, Esq., of Sullivan county. He was elected to various civil offices in the town of Minisink before its division, and was elected a member of the New York legislature from Wawayanda in 1857. Mead.—Roswell Mead removed to this town, we be*172 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK R1GIOM. Here, from New .England. He purchased the farm near Brookfield (previously owned by Festus A. Webb, who bought it of Richard Wood, father of Oliver E. and Lewis C. Wood,) now owned by William H. Wood. He married a daughter of Reuben Cash, by whom he had six children. He was elected Supervisor, and held various offices in the town of Minisink, and was also elected a member of the New York legislature in 1842. His sons William H. and Reuben C., still reside in the town. William married a daughter of Joseph Davis, and Reuben, a daughter of Theodorus Denton. Durland.—Charles Durland, the first resident of the town of this name, emigrated to the town some time previous to the year 1800. He first settled near Bush- ville, in the present town of Greenville, when the whole vicinity was a dense forest, and the only road from there to Ridgebury was a narrow path among the brush. He moved from there to near Ridgebury, and for a time kept a public house on the premises now owned by Gilbert H. Budd. In 1800 he resided on the farm now owned by his son, Thomas T. Durland. Daniel and Stewart T. Durland, of Greenville, and Addison Dur- land, of Minisink, are also sons of his. The family is reputed to be very ancient, and of unswerving fidelity to the cause of Independence during Revolutionary times. Holbert.—Peter Holbert, Sr., is the first mentioned in old records. He was elected a member of the New York legislature in 1812, Supervisor of the town of Minisink in 1813, and Town Clerk for one or two terms. His son, Peter Holbert, Jr., married a daughter of Wm. Robertson, and sister of James F. Robertson. Tooker.—We are not informed of the exact date the pioneers of this family first came to the town. Samuel Tooker, surveyor, married Catherine, daughter of JamesTOWN OF WAWAYANDA. 173 Finch, Sr., of Mount Hope, and is the first we have any knowledge of. His son, Charles Tooke^ settled near Brookfield, and left two sons, James H. and Samuel S. Tooker. His daughter Julia married James F. Vail, who at present resides on the old homestead near Brook- field. Henry Tucker was elected Town Clerk of Mini- sink in 1791 and 1792, and Supervisor from 1799 to 1807; but as the name is spelled differently, we presume him to have been of another family. Reed.—This is an old established family, of the exact date of whose settlement in the town we are not in- formed. Samuel Reed, Sr., (his father being the origi- nal settler,) died but a few years ago, at a very advanced age. His widow died a few months since, and though a very aged lady, was possessed of a remarkable mem- ory. She distinctly recollected seeing the people go to the Minisink battle in 1779. Three of her neighbors met under an apple tree for that purpose, near her father’s house, and though very small at the time, she remembered the parting scene plainly. Two of them perished in the battle, we believe. Daniel Reed was killed in the battle; whether a relative or not is not known. Wickham.—This family is quite numerous in the town, and are believed to be mostly descendants of Noyes Wickham, who lived near Ridgebury in 1800. Reeve.—The first of the name mentioned in old records is James Reeve, who escaped from the battle of Minisink with a broken arm. Two of his sons, James M. and John H., still reside in the town. John H. Reeve was elected Supervisor of Wawayanda from 1861 to 1866. MEMBER OP ASSEMBLY PROM WAWAYANDA. 1857 . . . . . Erastus Stickney.174 HISTORT 0» wm MimSIBB MGION. nambs of supervisors a Ho town Olebksof WAVFAvkimi FROtf .FES ORGANISATION m 1849 TO 1866. Supervisors. I850<—Dfcniel FttHerton. 1854—Daniel Fullerton!. 1652—Dewitt O. Haflook. 1868—Dewitt C. HaHock. 1854— Joseph Davis. 1855— Joseph Davis. 1856— Gideon W. Geek. 1857— Joseph Davis. 4858— Joseph Davis. 4859— Joseph Davis. 1860— Joseph Davis. 1861— John H. Reeve. 1862— John H. Reeve. 1868—John fi. Reeve. toww Chmm* Holloway W.Stepbeu& Olivet Lewis. Oliver Lewis. Oliver Lewis. Oliver Lewis; James F. Robertson* Wilmot 0. Terry. Wilmot C. Terry. Mathew H. Bailey. John M. Howell. John M. Howell. James L. Mills. John M. Howell. John M. Howell. 1864— John H. Reeve. Oliver Lewis. 1865— John H. Reeve. William H. Wood. 1866— John H. Reeve. Charles E. Stiekney. The first town meeting was held at D. C. Hallock’s, Brookfield. Population in 1855, 2,069; and in 1865, 1,906—a de- crease of 163. Number of acres of land assessed in 1865, 19>6TT; assessed value, $706,250; personal property, $100,770. TOWN OP GREENVILLE. The records of this town are somewhat deficient in regard to its early formation. The census of 1855 dates its organization in 1850; but we are inclined to congideir it an error,, because the first town meeting in the new town is shown by the records to have been held in 1854,TOWN OF GREENVILLE. 175 The town being erected by the Board of Supervisors, it was most probably done at their annual meeting in the fall of the previous year (Dec. 3,1853.) At that time the Board of Supervisors was composed of the following gentlemen, viz.: Albert A. Seymour, . Minisink. Dewitt 0. Hallock, Wawayanda. Samuel J. Farnum, Newburgh. Morgan Shuit, . Monroe. Henry C. Seeley, . Warwick. Calvin Gardner, Goshen. J. H. McLaughlin, Blooming Grove. Stephen Rapelje, Montgomery. Vincent Booth, Hamptonburgh. John Denniston, Cornwall. Edward L. Norris, Warwick. William S. Little, Mount Hope. . Deerpark. ifcalstead Sweet, Wallkill. The motives that prompted its formation, and the prime movers of it, are alike unknown to us. It was formed from Minisink, Mount Hope and Deerpark; and in 1855 had a population of 1,218; and in 1865, 1,14?— a decrease of 41. We are ignorant of the origin of its name, but presume it was named Greenville from its situation—lying as it does mostly along the rimny^sfopes of the eastern ride of Shawangunk Mountain, the fields of which are covered with green verdure the earliest in the year. The name was first applied to a small village near the foot of the mountain; afterwards used in giving a name* to the new town. It is bounded on the north by Mount Hope and Deerpark, on the east by Mmisink and WaWfcyaiMa, on the south by the State df New Jersey, on the west by Deerpark, Its principal176 HISTORY OP THB MINISINK REGION. streams are Indigot creek, the source of Rutger’s creek, Bmnewater pond and its outlet, and the source of Sha- wangunk kill. The principal village of the town is Greenville, situa- ted in the central part, on the road leading from Goshen to Carpenter’s Point. The road crosses the Shawan- gunk, the northwest boundary of the town, at this place. For some time after its first settlement it was called Minisink village. At present it consists of a hotel, store, two churches, &c. Bushville and Centre Point are small villages, but at present no business is carried on in them of any importance. We are not possessed of much information in regard to the old families of the town. The section of country it includes was undoubtedly not settled as early as some of the more favored localities. For this reason proba- bly its population is mostly made up of the descendants of old established families in adjoining towns. Timothy Wood, probably one of the earliest settlers, was a signer of the Revolutionary pledge in 1775, and his name is mentioned as holding various offices in the early history of the town of Minisink. Arthur Van Tuyle was a signer of the pledge of 1775, and after the organization of the town of Minisink the first town meeting was held at his house, April, 1789. Jacob Quick, Solomon Cuy- kendall, Moses Cortright, Peter Cole and others, who signed the pledge, were probably from this section. SCHOOL COMMISSIONER FROM GREENVILLE. 1859 . . . Harvey H. Clark. JUSTICES OP SESSIONS FROM GREENVILLE. 1862 . Stewart T. Durland. 1863 . • . Stewart T. Durland. 1864 , , Stewart T. Durland. 1865 . t Stewart T. Durland.TOWN OF GREENVILLE. 177 NAMES OF SUPERVISORS AND TOWN CLERKS OF GREENVILLE FROM ITS ORGANIZATION IN 1853 TO 1866. SUPERVISORS. 1854— Timothy Wood. 1855— Timothy Wood. 1856— Isaac M. Seybolt. 1857— Isaac M. Seybolt. 1858— Isaac M. Seybolt. 1859— Jesse Y. Myers. 1860— Isaac M. Seybolt. 1861— Jesse V. Myers. 1862— Stewart T. Durland. 1863— Stewart T. Durland. 1864— Isaac M. Seybolt. 1865— Harvey H. Clark. TOWN CLERKS. Isaac Winters. Harvey H. Clark. W. L. Clark. Alfred L. Clark. Leonard Bell, Jr. Harvey H. Clark. Harvey H. Clark. Stoddard W. Slawson. Albert Shute. Albert Shute. Ezra T. Durland. William B. Jenhs. Samuel W. Reed. 1866—Harvey H. Clark. First town meeting was held at the house of Jona- than Wood, Bushville, 1854. Number of acres of land assessed in 1865—18,287; assessed value, $385,600; personal property, $49,850. 8*CHAPTER XIV. Hats; OB, SCOUMB OP frfifE Ht€®tiiri)S. A venerable old building was the “ Old GreyGOurt,” as the old inn was known in those days of troublous times that marked the period of the Revolutionary struggle. Situated on the main road leading from New Jersey to the eastern part of Orange county, on the edge of the lew, rich, flat meadow lands that extend into the township of Chester; and owning for its proprietor an old pioneer of the country, Daniel Cromline, who had founded it in 1716, it could not fail of being popular. Many a jovial revel had the old house seen in those wild stormy days of Indian warfare ; and many a trying time too, since the stout hearts that beat obedience to Wash- ington had ranged themselves against the troopers of old King George. Many a dark redskin had the old goose, that was painted as large as life on the swinging sign, seen pass beneath her shadow for a drink of the fire-water, and many a true patriot had she seen pledge a comrade with undying friendship in a last glass at the familiar bar, before departing for the army; where, per- haps, some Hessian bullet had quickly closed his career. The old goose, too, had a history, for it was said to haveGRBtCOUOT INN. 179 supplied a name for the inn. When the house was first built, it became necessary , according to custom, toplace above the door the arms of royalty; and the proprietor, itt doing so, had the picture of the white goose placed beside it, because of its proximity to Goose Pond Lake. At first almost a thing of life, it fairly threatened to take wing and join its wild kindred of the wilderness; but, alas, the colors only seemed to vanish with the sun, rain, and storm of years, until at last, wondrously grey, and with a countenance marvelously weather-beaten, the antique old goose looked down upon the throng of cus- tomers that still passed beneath her wing. The rebel- lion against the authority of England caused the sign to become the butt of endless jokes and gibes by the patriotic. Not at the old goose, for she was too national a bird to be sneered at, but at the coat of arms fey her side, which, for a time, was called “ Grey Coat,” and then changed to “Grey Court,” by which appellation the house became known far and wide. The building was constructed for durability; and that it met the end aimed at may be known by the fact that it stood for a space of one hundred and sixteen years. But it has now passed away, in common with the hearts that planned, and the hands that built it. The man that stood behind the bar, the man that stood upon the other side, the lounger that hung around its hall all* the day long, and the young man who affected the beau, wore his hat so jauntily, and talked and laughed with the pretty maids of all work, have all gone to the silence of oblivion. Their little likes and dislikes, that so agitated their bosoms ; their hopes, fears, troubles and disap- pointments; the good they* have done, and the bad, might as we® have been buried with their bones, for all tfeat is known, felt, or cared for now.UO SISTOBY OF TH« MINISIKK RIG 10*. A goodly company is assembled in the bar-room as we glance into it this pleasant evening, away back through the years that have flown since November of the year 1778. They ere not talking of the war, though the liberty of America is being chipped from the granite power of England daily. No—something of new interest engages them. “ So they have got him safe at last,” said a plethoric, middle-aged man, in a drab coat and lapstone hat. “ Yes,” replied an old man, in a kind of voice like a person just rescued from some great danger, “ and I’m glad of it; folks can sleep now of nights, and not be afraid of getting their throats cut before morning by Claudius Smith.” “ He ain’t going to stretch hemp a bit too soon for the good of society,” observed a third. “Yet he had some good qualities about him, in spite of what people say,” commenced a cleanly looking old man> as he took a pinch of snuff from a ponderous box of the kind, the lid of which was shut with an experi- enced tap. “You remember Col. McClaughry, that was. taken prisoner by the British at the capture of Fort Montgomery, in October of last year. Well, they took him to New York and locked him up with the rest , and, it seems, didn’t treat him very well. So they gave him leaye to write home for some things he wanted, or some money to get them with. His wife hadn’t got any, so she went over to Abimal Youngs’ to borrow some; but Abimal said he had none, though every one knew he was as rich as a Jew. It was a pretty tough case—her husband starving in that cursed prison- house, afid she not able to get him anything. It made quite a talk, and everybody who knew her felt sorry for her; but that didn’t help the matter. She sold herGREYCOURT INN. 181 shoe-buckles and other ornaments, but that didn’t go a great way. By and by it came to Claudius Smith’s ears, and one night he went to old Abimal’s house, determined to get the money for her. His men took Abimal out of doors, and threatened to hang him if he didn’t tell where his money was. He wouldn’t, so they put a rope round his neck, tied it to the well-pole, and slung him up. After he had hung a moment, they let him down, and again demanded his money, knowing he had some somewhere. But he still refused, clinging to his money in preference to his life, so they again hung him up. However, they coiild’nt make him tell, so at last they let him go. Determined to inflict some loss, they carried off his deeds, mortgages, &c., and he never got them again.” “And served him right,” said the man with the lap- stone hat. “ But I always heard that his father was always called a bad kind of man around Brookhaven, on Long Island, where Claudius was born. And still more so after he moved to McKnight’s Mills, down by Smith’s Clove, as it was called—a little west of the highlands in the Ramapo valley. Once, when the old man was returning home from the mountains, where he had been to carry some provisions to Claudius and his gang of tories who were secreted there, the scouts who were watching for them, espied him and fired at him. The horse he rode was killed, but he escaped. Before he died, too, they say he got mightily cross and ill-willed; and after he got so, he could not move without his cane, would strike with it at everybody that came near him; and was known to follow his wife around the room for the purpose of hitting her with it. Ah, it was in the breed for them to be rogues. When Claudius was a182 HISTORY OF THB K1HISIHK REGION. boy, he was such a vicious, ugly fellow, that his mother said to him: “ 1 Claudius, you will die like a troopers horse, with your shoes on.’ ” “He was a cursed Tory besides, and no longer than last year, he was in Goshen jail for stealing beef cattle from the government. They thought he would be safer in Kingston jail, but while moving him, he got away. But he-won’t get away now, I guess ; they keep him manacled and heavily chained, and have parties guard- ing him night and day, with instructions to shoot him if a rescue is attempted, or if he tries to escape.” “Oh, he’ll swing for it new, no doubt,” said the snuff- taker, again resorting to his box for a fresh pinch. “ But then he has some good traits, as I said before. For instance, there is Major Bodle’s adventure. About the time of the capture of Fort Montgomery, he was making his way from that place towards home, when, in the morning, he met Claudius Smith, hailed him with a friendly good-morning, calling him by name, and shaking hands with him. After inquiring as to the news from the fort, &c., he continued— “ 1 Mr. Bodle, you are weary with walking, go to my house yonder (pointing to a place off the road) and tell my wife to get you some breakfast. Tell her I sent you.’ ” “ The Major made believe to accept the offer, and thanked him with much kindness; but as soon as he was out of sight, he struck a bee-line for home, and hardly paused to look around till he had almost reached there.” “ Perhaps,” said the man with the timid voice, who had indulged m a bit of a snooze, and just aroused him- self in time to hear the Major’s adventure, “ perhaps heGREYCOURT INN. 183 wa» only trying to get him off the main road, while he robbed him. I wouldn’t have treated him either; only think how he served Col. Jesse Woodhull. The Col. never horned him or any of his men, yet he swore he wcmld kill him, Nathaniel Strong, Cole Curtis and Samuel Strong. Then after all, when the Colonel saved his life by not shooting him when he had a chance, see how the ungrateful fellow used him. The Colonel did not dare deep in his own house for months, for fear of bis fulfilling the threat. He then threatened to steal a m&re the Colonel thought a great deal of. In order to save her, the Colonel had her brought into the cellar of Ins house, yet this same Claudius Smith you’re praising so, lurking devil that he was, watched his opportunity, and when the Colonel and his family were at tea, boldly slipped the mare from the cellar, though in broad day- light^ and the first intimation the unconscious inmates had of their nearness to danger was the yell of defiance given by the highwayman as he rode off his stolen prize. A gentleman present at the table sprang to his rifle, and as the robber was still in easy range, leveled it at him, but Woodhull knocked aside his arm, so great was his fear of the rascal, saying, ‘For heaven’s sake, don’t fire; if you miss him, he will kill me.’ Not yet content, this merciless Tory came to his house again on the night of October 6th, only last month, for the purpose of robbing and murdering the Colonel and his family, for nothing in particular, only because Woodhull was such a ‘ darned rebel,’ as he said. Their intended vic- tim was fortunately away, doing duty in the American army, as he is now. The Colonel’s wife, hearing them coming, hid her silver ware and other articles of value in the cradle, and placed her child upon them. When the gang broke open the door, and ail the time they184 HISTORY OF THB MINISINK REGION. were searching the house, she busied herself in trying to keep her child still. It deceived them and saved her goods. They did not get a great deal of plunder. The child was quite a bit of a girl, large enough to talk, and she asked her mother if they were going to steal her calico dress. They stole the horse of Luther Conk- lin, who had been staying at the Colonel's, and went off. The same night, they went to Major Nathaniel Strong's house about 12 o'clock, when they were all asleep, and broke in the outside door, and a panel out of the inner door, connecting with the Major’s bedroom. This alarmed the Major, who came out of his room armed with his pistols and gun. As soon as he entered the inside room, he was fired at through the window, but was not hit. His assailants then promised that if he would give up his arms, they would not harm him. As he was in their power, and could do but little less, he resolved to rely upon their promises, and accordingly put down his gun, and-advanced towards the door as if to open it. But their hearts were callous to broken promises and the influence of mercy. Ere he had reached it, they fired through the broken panel, and he expired without speaking a word—pierced through the heart by two of the faithless Tory's bullets. Leaving the murdered corpse with the terror-stricken family, they decamped, taking with them his saddle and bridle. And yet, some men will contend that they had good traits in their characters. A fig for such talk, I say," and the voice that had become really eloquent with earnestness again lowered to its old timid tone, and the speaker sank back in his chair, as if having said his say, he was ready for another snooze. During the latter part of the narration of these inci- dents, which, being familiar to all, they knew to be true,GBEYCOURT INN. 185 the snuff-taker had waxed uneasy, and began to snuff with increased vehemence; and on its conclusion, he broke out with— “I didn’t praise Claudius Smith; I said he had some good points about his disposition, and I’ve always heard it said that much of that he stole from the rich he gave to the poor. I say he has a humane heart, and I can back up my opinion too, call me a tory or what you will.” “ It must have been a mighty small one, since so few people ever found it out,” said he of the timid voice. “Never mind, gentlemen,” said the landlord, laugh- ing) “you needn’t either one get your back up about your opinions. They are good enough without any backing. If you’ll just keep still a little while, I’ll tell you a story about Edward Roblin, one of the most noted of Claudius’ gang; in fact his right hand man. They say he knows where all the caves and secret retreats are in Smith’s Clove and along the Ramapo, and where he has buried the gold and silver he has stolen. Well, I’ve been told that when a boy, none was thought more honest or better behaved than he. And the way he got to be a freebooter and tory was a little romantic, to say the least. He worked down toward the river from here, for an old man by the name of Price. A mere boy when he first came there, he proved such a hard- working, steady, trustworthy little fellow, that the old farmer was glad to keep him on, and so he staid, and worked, and delved, till he grew at last to be a tall handsome lad, and all the girls cast sidelong glances at him in church, and felt pleased when he spoke or nod- ded to them, and thought how proud they would be if some good looking manly form, like this, should stand beside them some pleasant evening, and put a tiny ring186 HISTORY OF THB MINISIHK RIGION. upon their finger before the priest, thereby sealing both in bonds for life. Now this employer had an only daughter who had grown up to womanhood at the same time as himself, being about the same age. Beatftiful when a child, she lost none of her sweetness with her years, but seemed rather to increase in angelic purity and loveliness. HOr form and features were among the most perfect works of nature, and when she added to it those many little artificial attractions that females know so well how to use, and the blandishment of a clear silvery voice, all attuned to melody and love—woe, woe to the susceptible heart, of lord or peasant* that rendered itself liable to this grand combination of charms. This young couple did not fall in love with each other, for that was impossible; since they had loved when children, and it had been strengthening with their growth, year by year. But young Roblin was poor; and when he at last spoke to old Price about marriage, it resulted just as he expected. The old man locked his weeping daughter in her bedroom up stairs, and forbade her ever speaking to the young man again. But he didn’t discharge Roblin, and the result was just what he might have expected, but didn’t. On© morn- ing he rose early, and as was usual called to Bobbin, but no Roblin answered; so after a little while he opened the bedroom door* but no Roblin was there, end the bed bore the appearance of having been slept in but about half the night. He at once mistrusted the cause, and at the instant started for his daughters room. Her bed bore the same appearance; and the open window, and, when the old farmer looked oat of it the sight of his long ladder reaching from the ground to the casement, its rounds wet with dew and spariding hi the early morning light, at once explained the mystery.GBBYCOUB® INN. 187 He hurried down stairs and out to his stables, but Rob- lin bad been too honest for his own safety—the horses were there* ‘ Forged/ quoth old Price,‘ I'll have them yet; for/ thought he, ‘they've gone to the minister's on foot* and that's some miles,—they won't get there much before noon, and/ cried the old fellow chuckling, ‘ by that time I'll be there, too.' u He lost no time in mounting on horseback, and was off for the Squire's in a twinkling* HeTe he procured a warrant for Roblin's arrest for debt, on account of some motoey he had advanced him, in reality for work done. He next found the constable, and placing the document in his hands the two worthies sped off for the dominie's. He didn't arrive there a whit too soon, for Reblin and his bride had just taken their places before the good man as they burst into the room. Ha! ha! my pretty birds, I've caught you, have 1/ yelled the Old man as he grasped his daughter's arm. ‘ You thought to catch a weasel asleep, did you ?' “ Ail first Roblin thought of resistance, but he dare not resist the authority of the law ; so he gave his betrothed a farewell kiss, and quietly submitting was soon on his way to a cell in Goshen jail, and his mourning sweet one traveling sorrowfully homeward with her Gruel father. The law, you know, is unusually severe for the nonpayment of debt, so RofeMn lay in limbo, month in and month out, with no signs of release* He procured a violin, was soon a good player/and in that amusement passed much of his time* On the still pleasant evenings, crowds of the young people of the village would gather underneath his window, to listen to the varied airs of delicious melody that floated on the clear air from out the bars of bis grated cell. And as the slippered feet of the fair village maids kept time to the measured188 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. cadence of the music, their eyes often glanced up toward its source, anxious to catch a glimpse of the handsome sad face of the player, the story of whose dis- appointment in love they .all knew. His betrothed, unable to withstand the constant commands and urgings of her tyrant father, at last yielded to his solicitations, and married the man he chose; though it was a current saying of the old dames in the neighborhood, that he had taken her from her betters, and given her to her inferiors. When the news was taken to young Roblin, in prison, you may be sure he felt bad enough; and it was a long time before the music of his violin was heard outside the grated walls. Even when it was again heard, its strains were so melancholy and touching, so expressive of a sorrowful heart, that many a maiden's heart beat with sympathy for the imprisoned lover. The pretty daughter of the jail-keeper, when she took the dinner to the prisoners, always handed in the fullest plate at the door of his cell, and the jailor himself, when he went his rounds at night, spoke a kind word through the grate of the door in passing by. Interest began to be taken by influential citizens toward procuring his discharge, and everybody was anxious to have some- thing done for him. But he did not wait their kind offices. One morning the jailor espied the door of the jail wide open, and on entering found the cell of Rob- lin empty. He had evidently escaped by the help of some outsider. An inspection of his own dwelling revealed the cause of his escape, and also the fact, that his demure daughter who had taken such an interest in the prisoner, had no doubt become herself the pris- oner of love, and flown with her lover to the realms of bliss. But what was still worse, when her father visited his stables, he found that Roblin had not forgotten theGREYCOURT INN. 189 horse this time, for the stall of his beautiful chestnut gelding was empty, with the exception of a limb from the chestnut tree in the yard, which was tied to the manger with this inscription, in large letters on an old paper: ‘My Dear Pather-in-Law—As you will be when you see this, pardon the liberty I have taken in exchanging horses with you, though you must ‘conclude yourself there was no great difference ; I acknowledge this is a horse of another color, still as yours was a chestnut horse, the exchange is fair, for this is a horse chestnut. It's the best legacy I can leave you at present, coupled with the best wishes of Edward Roblin.’ “ The jailor took it quite hard for a time, but people said he grieved more for the loss of his steed than his daughter; since, as soon as she disappeared, all the vil- lage dames suddenly discovered her to have been a con- ceited, shiftless minx, and fit for nobody but a scape- grace like Roblin. Nothing was heard of him for a long time after, till at last he suddenly appeared among the band of outlaws headed by “ The Scourge of the High- lands,” and by his daring villainies soon .won a reputation second only to his chief. The man that wedded old Price’s daughter turned out to be a poor miserable fel- low, and soon abandoned her and was never heard of more. Disappointed, cruelly forsaken, and heart sick, she returned to her father’s house. The doctors could do nothing to relieve her depression of spirits, and she rapidly went into a decline, lingered awhile and died, the neighbors said, of a broken heart.” * * For a moment after the conclusion of the story, the utmost silence was observed. Its simple details awoke a more than ordinary feeling in the rough breasts of the auditors. The snuff taker, who had become so interested190 HISTORY ©* YH* **!«»*: REGION. in the irarrative as to forget tfre pinch be held Mly be- tween his thumb and finger, was the first to breiflc the pause: “ A curious story, truly. Edward RobKn—let me see —why that7s the one that headed the band when they stole the muskets and pewter plates from the American army wagons. My brother was with the seotfts that pursued them. They took with them a rich booty that time. Among other things, my brother said they bad a solid silver stand, which it was thought they had stolen from an English officer. The scouts got pretty close to them, and many shots were exchanged as they caught glimpses of each other among the rocks and bushes. One of the robbers was shot in the glens of the Glove, and they say was never buried. The last time I heard from there, his white bones still lay glistening among the rocks. The muskets and plates it is thought were hid in one of their secret caves in the Clove, but the stand was no doubt sunk in a spring in the vicinity.** “ This murder of Major Strong/7 said the man with the lapstone hat, breaking in as soon as the latter speaker paused to take a pinch of snuff, “ This murder of Major Strong was what put a stop to them.77 “ Have you heard the particulars of the capture df Claudius ?77 interrupted the man with the frightened voice. * “ Yes; yon know Major Strong was a pretty popular man, and his murder began to make the authorities wake up a little. The Assembly of the State took action on the subject, and on the 31st of last month, ac- cording to their resolution, Gov. Clinton came out with a proclamation, declaring Smith and his sons outlaws, and offering a reward of $1200 for the capture of Clau- dius, and $600 each for his sons Richard and James*GREYOOUBT INK. 191 This was just the thing. The chance for getting money inspired many with a sudden zeal for the apprehension of the robbers, who had hitherto been indifferent about it. Claudius was a cunning dog, and knew the effect money wotrld have on the cupidity of many, and per- haps on some of his own gang; so he fled to New York, and from there went to a secret retreat on Long Island. Among other Whig families who moved to Connecticut when the British took possession of the Island, was a Wealthy farmer—John Brush. He left his landed prop- erty in the care of tenants, once in a while secretly vis- iting the Island to see that it was taken care of properly. While there he accidentally found out that Claudius Smith was in the same neighborhood. He knew of the rewards offered for his arrest, so he immediately went over to Connecticut and informed a friend of his, one Titus. Titus was a large, powerful, resolute man, and just the one for such an undertaking. Procuring the services of three other men, one dark night, armed with muskets and pistols, they crossed the sound in a whale boat and landed in a small bay that puts into the Island. Hauling the boat up on the sand they left Hf in charge of one of their number, and the rest proceeded to the house (a tavern) about a mile distant, where Smith was putting up. A light was burning, and the party entered noiselessly. The landlady, who knew Major Brush, was gutting before the fire. Brush asked her if Claudius Smith was in the house. After a short pause she re- plied : at He is in bed. I will go and call him.’ “‘No; tell me where he lodges/ said Brflsh. “ ‘ Up stairs in the bedroom.J “ Warning her to keep quiet, he took a candle, and leaving one to guard her, the other three crept silently192 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. up stairs. Without noise they slipped into the bed- room, the door of which was standing ajar, and before he awoke seized him: He made a powerful resistance, taken unawares as he was, and tried hard to get hold of the pistols under his pillow, but it was useless. They quickly tied him with a cord, and the next morning had him safely landed in Connecticut. Brush immediately sent a messenger to Gov. Clinton, then at Poughkeepsie, who directed him to be brought to Fishkill. Here, as we all know, he was taken charge of by Col. Isaac Nicoll, the Sheriff of Orange county, and brought to Goshen under guard of Col. WoodhulPs troop of light horse, accompanied by the leading men of the county. And there he is now, chained to the floor, and guarded as I said before." “ Well," said the landlord, glancing at the clock in the corner, and yawning as he spoke, “ I guess we have about coficluded Claudius' history for to-night, as I see it's time to close. It has been pretty nearly all gone over and summed up; all it needs now is an account of his execution to complete it, and that I don't think we shall have*to wait for longer than the first sitting of the court." Here the man with the timid voice rose and said that as he wanted a little something to strengthen his lungs, he would propose that the man who wore the lapstone hat should treat the company, as he was the only man whose hat would stand a wetting. To this the owner of the hat demurred, but finally agreed to pass it around, which was done, and each one putting in a piece of change the landlord treated the company for its con- tents, and in a short time thereafter the last customer had departed, and “ Old Greycourt " was alone with its occupants.GREYCOUBT INN. 193 Well indeed had Claudius Smith been termed “The Scourge of the Highlands.” Of English parentage, it was no wonder he should be inclined to adopt the creed of the mother country, and when to the principles of a rank Tory he added those of the blackest villainy and most bloodthirsty revenge, at the head of a savage crew, and in the fastnesses and caves of the Highlands, Bell- vale and Warwick mountains, well and truly did he make himself so feared and dreaded as to earn the title of “ The Scourge of the Highlands.” His thievish propen- sity was said to have been encouraged by his parents, and the first article stolen, a pair of iron wedges. This talent he nursed and fostered in himself -and his three sons, Richard, James, and William, and carried on on the largest scale, including occasionally the murder of some unoffending patriot of the Whig persuasion, until at last, as we have seen, he was apprehended and lodged in prison. At the January term of the court, next after his arrest, he was indicted on three or four charges of robbery and murder, and found guilty on them all. When asked by the Judge if he had anything to say in his defense, he replied with the same firmness that had characterized him all through his imprisonment and trial, “No, if God Almighty can’t change your hearts I can’t.” The court then sentenced him and five others of his gang also found guilty at the same time, (a woman named Amy Augor or Amy Jones, Mathew Dolson, John Ryan, Thomas Delamer, and James Gordon,) to be hanged on Friday, the 22d day of January, 1779. He lived in hopes every day that his men would under- take his rescue, but he was too strongly guarded night and day for such an attempt to succeed. The day of his execution at last arrived, and with two of his men, Delamer and Gordon, he was taken from the jail to the 9194 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. gallows. He was a large, muscular man, and walked up the steps of the scaffold with a firm, manly air. He * had dressed himself with scrupulous neatness in a suit of rich broadcloth with silver buttons, and as he stood upon the scaffold and cast his eye over the assembled thousands who had gathered out of curiosity to see the great bandit die, he smiled grimly and bowed to several he knew in the crowd. It was a wild scene the clear sun shone on that winter’s day in Goshen. The con- demned, standing on the verge of eternity, in gorgeous apparel, with his silver buttons glittering gaily in the sunbeams, and the horde of eager thousands trampling the crisp snow, and jostling, and crowding each other for a sight of him. A man elbowed his way near the scaffold, and asked Smith to tell him where he could find his deeds and papers that were stolen from him on a certain occasion. He replied, “Mr. Youngs, this is no time to talk about papers; meet me in the next world and I’ll tell you all about them.” He then kicked off his shoes, saying, “ My mother said I would die like a trooper’s horse, with my shoes on. I will make her a false prophet and a liar.” He then glanced at the eastern hills, toward the scenes of his many daring deeds, expecting, perhaps, to see his followers swoop- ing down to his rescue from their mountain fastnesses, but they were not to be seen ; nothing met his eye but the undulating hills, covered with the crusted snow and sparkling in the sunbeams. “That bright dream was his last.” The cap was drawn over his eyes, the rope adjusted around his neck, the cart driven from under him, and “The Scourge of the Highlands” was no more. After the death of Claudius, his son Richard took command of the gang, the oldest son, William, havingGREYCOURT INN. 195 been killed in some marauding expedition the fall pre- vious. They threatened the most dire vengeance for the hanging of their leader and the shooting of William, against every one favoring the rebel cause. On the 26th of March (1779) following they took John Clark from his residence, near the Sterling Iron Works, a piece into the woods, and after stripping off his outer garments told him to go home. While returning, with his back to them, they shot him dead and left him stretched upon a rock within sight of his dwelling. A note was left pinned to his coat, of which the following is a copy: 11A Warning to the Rebels.—You are hereby warned at your peril to desist from hanging any more friends to government as you did Claudius Smith. You are warned likewise to use James Smith, James Fluelling and William Cole well, and ease them of their irons, for we are determined to have six for one, for the blood of the innocent cries aloud for vengeance. Your noted friend, Capt. Williams, and his crew of robbers and murderers we have got in our power, and the blood of Claudius Smith shall be repaid. There are particu- lar companies of us who belong to Col. Butler's army, Indians as well as white men, and particularly numbers from New’ York that are resolved to be avenged on you for your cruelty and murder. We are to remind you that you are the beginners and aggressors, for by your cruel oppressions and bloody actions you drive us to it. This is the first, and we are determined to pursue it on your heads and leaders until the last—until the whole of you are murdered." This created quite an alarm for a time, but the issuing of such rude, blustering threats soon grew to be re- garded as a symptom of weakness. Their atrocities196 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. produced here and there a man, who devoted his whole time in following their trails and picking them off as occasion offered. Benjamin Kelley, one of their best men, was shortly after shot by a rebel scout named June, who surprised them at card playing. They all made off at the time ; but Kelly’s body was afterward found near a sulphur spring where he had crawled, by one John Henley and his dog. Claudius’ sons did not possess the talent and sagacity of their father; the band got dissatisfied and broken up speedily under their leadership, and at last the remaining members were forced to flee to Canada; and thus ended the highwayman’s profession in Orange county, at least on a large scale, it is to be hoped forever. The scene of their exploits has changed somewhat, since those days of lawlessness and bloodshed, but most of the localities will long be remembered in connection with the men that made them famous. Their retreats in the moun- tains can be easily found to this day by the curious, especially the most noted, a little east of the Augusta Iron Works in the town of Monroe. That they buried much valuable property in these mountains, may be inferred from the fact that in 1805 or 1806, some of Smith’s descendants came from Canada, andw searched for the property according to the directions that had been handed down to them. They found a lot of mus- kets in a good state of preservation, but nothing else. Again, about 1824, two men, descendants of Edward Roblin, came from Canada with written directions, and explored the country thoroughly but found nothing. Various other persons fished in the spring where it was said the silver stand was sunk, but without success; and it is generally supposed that some member of the band found out the depository, unknown to Smith or#BE*CO&RT INN. 19T Roblin, and appropriated it to his own use. At any rate, there is no record of the treasures ever having been found, and unless revealed by chance, it will most probably remain entombed till the sound of the last trump, if it has not been recently removed. Well may those days be called “the times that tried men’s souls,” judging from the glimpse we have taken at a small period in the history of Orange, and a few instances only of Tory robbery, cruelty and murder, such as marked the history of Claudius Smith and his men. Thanks to Providence we shall never see the like again.CHAPTER XV. THE LEGEND OP MURDERER’S CREEK. The stream that forms the subject of this sketch, is composed of two principal branches, both of which rise in the town of Chester. The one rising in the west, is first known as Meadow brook, and flows northwardly into the town of Goshen, assuming as it becomes enlarged the title of Otterkill. The one rising in the east goes by the cognomen of Trout brook for a short distance, and then by that of Seely’s creek, till it flows through the Greycourt meadows, after which it is called by some Greycourt creek, and by others the Cromline creek, in honor of Daniel Cromline, one of the first settlers in the vicinity, and the founder of “ Greycourt Inn.” It flows northwardly to near the boundary line between the towns of Hamptonburgh and Blooming Grove, where it unites with the Otterkill at a small village of the same name. After the junction of the two streams the continuance is known as Murderer’s creek, and flows through portions of the towns of Blooming Grove, Corn- wall and New Windsor, finally emptying into the Hud- son river between Cornwall Landing and the village of New Windsor, at Plum Point, the village at its mouth being known as Moodna.THE LEGEND OP MURDERER^ CREEK. 199 A century and a half ago, as the tradition goes, long years before the wilderness that lined its banks and furnished a home for the wild beast and Indian, had given way to the busy industry of the white man; long- before the mills, and factories, and beautiful villages that now throng its shores had an existence in the dreams of either the red or white man, its surrounding wilds were inhabited by a tribe of Indians whose name, like them- selves, has long since been buried in oblivion. Here the smoke of their wigwams rose in graceful wreaths upon the still summer air, amid the shouts of the young braves, who sported, as perhaps their race had done for centuries beneath the shade of their native oaks, un- aware that destiny had doomed them to ultimate ex- tinction, and their hunting grounds to the possession of a superior race. Yes, unaware that even then the forerunner of the coming tide that was to overwhelm them, was marching toward them with gigantic strides. It soon became known to them that a different race of beings were arriving along the shores of the great river that flowed past them to the ocean, but though at first much alarmed at the sight of them, they soon found them to be mortal like themselves, and at length grew to utterly disregard them. At last a white man named Martelair came and asked permission to build a house and to live near the mouth of their beautiful creek. This they readily granted, and in a very short time he constructed a log house about three or four hundred yards up the creek. Into this he soon moved his family, consisting of his wife and two children, one a boy of five, and the other a girl of three years old. He understood the importance of being on friendly terms with his rude neighbors, and made himself useful to them by a variety of acts highly estimated among savage tribes. He200 HISTORY OF THE MINISINK REGION. never lost an opportunity of proving his good will toward them by making them accept his hospitality, and his house became a place of general resort. An old Indian called Naoman, was in particular very friend- ly, and would often come and sit in the house for hours, and smoke and play with the children. But Martelair heard of the difficulties in other sections between the settlers and Indians, and knew that his neighbors might prove treacherous at any moment. He discovered an island, some distance down the Hudson, which was well adapted as a place of refuge, and could be easily de- fended with a little preparation. When absent from home and unobserved, he arranged a small place among the rocks on this island so that one or two could defend it against an overwhelming force, and to this he resolved to flee in case of danger. One day, when Martelair was absent, old Naoman came to his house* and as usual lighted his pipe and sat down. But it was easy to see that he was troubled about something, for his face wore a serious look, and every little while he would shake his head and sigh deeply, though he said not a word. Martelair’s wife asked him what was the matter, but he made no reply and soon went away. He came the next day, and again went away in the same manner as before. Martelair's wife related his strange behavior to her husband, and he told her to urge the old Indian to tell her the cause if he came again. He came the next day, and Marte- lair’s wife at once insisted on knowing the cause of his trouble. She was so importunate that at last Naoman said: “ I am a red man, and the pale faces are our enemies; why should I speak ?” “ But,” said Martelair’s wife, “my husband and I areTHE LEGEND OP MURDERERS CREEK. 201 your friends; you have eaten salt with us a hundred times, and my children have often sat on your knees. If you have anything on your mind, tell it to me; per- haps we can help you.” “ If it is found out, it will cost me my life, and the pale faced women are not good at keeping secrets,” re- plied the old man. “ Try me and see.” Will you swear by the great spirit to tell none but your husband ?” “ I have no one else to tell.” “ But will you swear ?” “ I do swear by the great spirit,” said Martelair's wife, “ that I will tell none but my husband.” “ Not if my tribe should kill you for not telling ?” “ Not if your tribe should kill me for not telling.” This satisfied the old Indian, and he then told her that his tribe had become so angry at the doings of the settlers below the mountains, that they were resolved that very night to massacre all *thp pale faces within their reach. That if she would escape she must inform her husband speedily, take to their boat and seek a place of safety before nightfall. And above all to ex- cite no suspicion if possible. Naoman then departed, and the wife at once sought her husband. He was out on the river fishing. She called him to the shore and told him the dread intelligence. No time was to be lost, and he at once sprang from the canoe and sought bis boat. It was partly filled with water and some time was consumed in bailing it out. When it was finished and his wife and children seated in it, Martelair be- thought him of his gun which was in the house. This he went back after, of course occupying a little time— oh! how precious, as it afterward proved. As he pulled202 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. off from the shore, he did not notice the solitary Indian who was observing every motion from the hillside. The frequent visits of Naoman to Martelair ?s family had aroused the suspicions of the tribe, and a watch had been kept upon their movements. This was the business of the Indian on the hillside, and when he saw them going down the river in the boat, he at once ran to the village and gave the alarm. Five stalwart chiefs at once ran down to the edge of the river, jumped into their canoes and paddled swiftly after Martelair, who had already gained a considerable distance. He saw them coming and strained every nerve to escape. The boat quivered as it cleft the dancing waves in headlong speed, obedient to the sturdy strokes of the oars, and left a trail of crested foam behind. But Martelair saw that his pursuers were gaining on him rapidly in spite of his efforts. Twice he dropped his oars and drew his rifle to fire upon them, but his wife each time grasped his arm, telling him if he fired and should after all be overtaken, they would be sure to obtain no mercy. He refrained each time, and again bent to the oars with the energy of despair. His island refuge was in sight; if he could succeed in gaining it he would bid defiance to the whole tribe until some passing sloop or ship would relieve him. The strength of his strokes almost caused the boat to bound from the water. Great drops of sweat rolled from his forehead as he plied the oars on that race for the lives of himself, his weeping wife and children. But it was all in vain. He was overtaken within a hundred yards of the island shore, and taken back with yells of triumph. (This island is opposite West Point, was partly fortified by the Americans in 1775, and is still known as “ Martelair’s Rock Island.”) After reaching the shore with their prisoners, the Indi-THE LEGEND OP MURDERER'S CREEK. 203 ans set fire to Marteiair’s house, and proceeded to the village with their captives. A council was immediately convened to determine their fate. This was composed of the chief men of the tribe, among them old Naoman. The principal brave stated that some of the tribe had proved treacherous and informed the pale faces of the designs of the tribe. He proposed that the prisoners should be examined in regard to it. This was agreed to, and an Indian who could talk English acted as inter- preter. Martelair was questioned first, but resolutely refused to reveal his informant. His wife was ques- tioned next, while to terrify her two Indians stood with drawn tomahawks threatening the two children. She told them that she had a frightful dream the night before and had persuaded her husband to fly. “ The Great Spirit never deigns to talk in dreams to a pale face/7 said the chief. Woman, thou hast two tongues and two faces; speak the truth, or thy children shall surely die.77 The little boy and girl were then placed beside her, and the two savages stood by with drawn weapons to execute his orders. “ Will you name,77 said the chief, “ the traitor who be- trayed his tribe ? I will ask three times.77 The mother was pale and trembling, but did not answer. “ Will you name him ?” said the chief. 11 This is the second time.77 The tears gathered in the mothers eyes as she glanced at her husband and children. She stole a glance at Naoman, but the old chief was smoking as unconcernedly as though ignorant of their presence. She wrung her hands in silent agony but answered not a word. “ Again,77 said the chief, “ will you name the traitor ? This is the third time.77204 HISTORY OP THE MINISINK REGION. The agony of the mother’s mind was fearful. Bitter tears ran down her cheeks. The tomahawks were raised over the heads of the children for the death blow, and their voices were united in frightful cries for their mother to save them. She again glanced through her tears at Naoman, but his eye was as cold and indiffer- ent as before. Still she kept her word. Another mo- ment would be her children’s last. Suddenly Naoman rose to his feet. All paused and turned their eyes toward him. 14 Stop !” he cried with a tone of authority as he drew his majestic form to its fullest hight; “ The pale faced woman has kept her pledge. Braves, I am the traitor. I ate of the salt, warmed myself at the fire, played with the children, enjoyed the kindness of the pale faced Christians, and it was I who warned them of their danger. Braves, for many moons I have been your companion on the war path. I am old and useless in the war dance. I am a withered, leafless, branchless trunk; cut me down if you will, I am ready; but never let it be said that old Naoman forgot his friends.” The old Indian’s remarks were followed for a moment with perfect silence, but the Indian character could not appreciate the motives of his course; the next instant a yell of indignation arose from all sides. The old chief stepped down from the bank whereon he had been sitting, and covered his face with his mantle of skins; the next moment a toma- hawk cleft his skull and he fell dead at the feet of those he had so nobly died to save. “ B^t the sacrifice of Naoman,” says Paulding, “ and the firmness of the Christian white woman, did not suf- fice to save the lives of the other victims. They per- ished—how, it is needless to say.” Many years have passed since then. The murdered205 THE LEGEND OP MURDERER’S CREEK. and the murderers have long ago gone to meet their reward in the spirit land. Splendid farms and happy homes now occupy the scene of the tragic incidents attending the death of Martelair’s family. But the memory of their fate has survived the lapse of time, and is still preserved by the name of the pleasant stream on whose banks they lived and died, which, to this day, is called Murderer’s creek.CHAPTER XVI. A REMINISCENCE OF THE WALLKILL. Sluggishly the current of the Wallkill was rolling along one afternoon not many weeks ago. The morn- ing had possessed all the requisites deemed so neces- sary to success in fishing as well as hunting, “A southerly wind and a cloudy sky;” but though I occupied about the best fishing ground along the stream, (a few miles above Pellet’s Island bridge), had changed my base of operations many times, and had “cast my lines” in many pleasant places during the day, still the array of fish in my basket continued alarmingly small. At last scarce a nibble disturbed the serene repose of my line in the deep Avater, and allowing the end of my pole to drop in after the line, I leaned back on the rank wild grass that covered the bank, drew my hat over my eyes to keep off the glare of the sun that had just broke through the scattering clouds, and naturally enough, my thoughts recurred to the reminiscences that cluster around the vicinity of the gliding stream before me. How many a swift canoe had darted over its surface and followed its crooked course, rounding the bends with a graceful curve, obedient to the command of some stalwartIndi-A REMINISCENCE OF THE WALLKILL. 207 an chief. How many a dark female of the woods, in all the regal beauty of her native wildness, had roamed along its banks, and had perhaps been wooed and won beside the sparkling water and beneath the overhanging boughs of the leafy maple and water birch, that then no doubt, presented an interminable forest on either side. Yes! and how many scenes of strife, and daring- strategy, and wild ventures for life, and narrow escapes it had witnessed in the days when the bear, panther, wolf and red man mutually came from the dark recesses of their native fastnesses to bathe in and drink its limpid flood, long, years before the white man and his attendant, civilization, had made themselves known in these mighty solitudes, where the Indian had indeed sought and found a home. “ Some safer world in depth of wood embrac’d, Some happier island in the wat’ry waste, Where slaves once more their native land behold, No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold.” And, since the advent of civilization, how many com- panies of gay ladies and gentlemen had sailed over its surface, had discoursed with grammatical precision, had fished with all the ease and grace polite society confers, had flirted in the most approved style, and in alL the pride of good looks that the most profuse use of paint could produce and the dignity of garments of the most fashionable make inspire; on the very spot perhaps where hundreds of years before the Indian wooed his dusky maid in all the simplicity of savage wildness, with no paint but the war paint that decked his every limb, in garments that had never felt the snip of shears or hiss of tailor’s goose, and in language that can scarce be said to have a grammar. Yet death has sent them to mingle in one circle in the happy spirit land—either208 HISTOBY OP THE KINIfiflHK BECKON. the “ civilized” stripped of their pride, hypocrisy, art and science, or the savage at once put in possessipn of all these faculties by the hand of omnipotent power. Many a social revel, in a friendly way, of hardy hands and honest hearts, and many a day of pure enjoyment, too, has this old stream seen. Happy days of fishing in the pleasant fall and summer months, and lucky days of hunting in the early spring, when the “ drowned lands” are overflowed with melting snow and the spring rains for the distance of a mile or more on either side, and the wild duck and goose make it their home. Days of enjoyment too, that will cause it to be long remembered, as well alike by the pretty country maiden who has roamed along its side, as by the hard fisted farmer who frequented it to find respite from his daily toil. And there are other mementos of it that recall to mind sad and painful thoughts. It was near this spot not many years ago, that a young man in springing fepm a boat in which were a number of ladies who had been upon a pleasure excursion, fell short of the shore and sank to rise no more in sight of bis horrified companions. Only a few miles below here, and but a year or so ago, the lamented young Dr. Putney was drowned by the acci- dental upsetting of his canoe while out hunting. And well do I remember hearing old residents of the vicinity tell the particulars of another sad incident, which now occurs to my mind. In the spring of the year 1827, the freshet upon the “drowned lands” was unusually high. The geese and ducks were holding high carnival on its wide extended surface and amid its submerged swamps. Duck shoot- ing occupied the minds of all who were in the habit of taking an occasional holiday in that kind of amusement, or who had any relish for a bit of roast game now andA REMINISCENCE OP THE WALLKILL* 209 then* The morning of the 15th of March of that year dawned exceedingly blustery and cold, but it did not deter two young men from leaving home to engage in a day’s hunting along the Wallkill. They had their minds made up a day or so before, and were determined to let no trivial circumstance disappoint them of a day’s sport. One of them left a young and beautiful wife— a lady who attracted attention wherever she appeared by her handsome looks and imperial manner; in fact was the admired and envied of a large circle of acquain- tances surrounding the then thriving little village of Brookfield. The other was unmarried. Both were men of good families and extensively known. The day passed away and they did not return. Another dragged its slow length along to the now alarmed and anxious families awaiting them, and still they did not come. Ah! look, young wife, through the long, long day, and sleepless, lonesome night, and mourn; and you, too, ye friends, for they never shall return in the pride of their strength and manhood. Their well known manly forms shall never again occupy their former places in the family circle. Never more shall their vivacious conver- sation, their ever ready jest, or their merry ringing laugh be heard this side the grave. For the unpitying waters of the Wallkill have taken them to its deadly embrace, and buried in eternal stillness the flow of their genial souls on earth. How they struggled for life no mortal man may know. What agonized and frenzied feelings wrought their breasts in those long hours of suffering, no pen can ever tell, when after the upsetting of their canoe they found themselves so benumbed by cold and wet as to be unable to get it righted, and were forced at last to abandon it and make a last venture for life and the210 HISTORY OF THE HINISINK REGION. mainland. The water not being very deep here, in some places in reality of easy wading depth, (it was some distance from the main channel,) they struggled on through sunken morasses and dangerous quagmires with the desperation of despair. Alternately buoyed up with a faint hope, and anon hopeless, as obstacles were overcome and stronger ones came to view, till at last fatigue and cold crowded out the little spark of life, and they perished in sight of the dry land for which they were striving. The searching parties shortly after found them and dragged ashore the remains of these two unfortunate men, and many is the time the hard fate of Duncan Hulse and Milton Howell has been told around the evening fireside by those to whose memory it is as a tale of yesterday. Years have passed since then, and time, as ever, has wrought its changes. Not long since I was standing in the streets of a neighboring village, when I chanced to notice a wasted female form passing by. Her faded calico dress was fluttering in the breeze like the last sere leaves of autumn that still cling trembling to the trees. A bonnet of straw that had apparently been bleached by the sun of many summers, with a single flower and bow-knot of the same faded hue adorning the top, completed her attire. Onward she passed with trembling hand and wild maniacal stare, with head ever shaking, shaking, and incoherent sentences constantly issuing from her lips. The boys stopped their play for a moment as she went by, and said, “ Poor crazy Betsy.” Yes, this was the once accomplished and beautiful bride, the admired and envied wife. The waters of the Wallkill are still noiselessly gliding on, “ Onward, eTer onward, and still on to the sea,”A REMINISCENCE OP THE WALLKILL. 211 unmindful of the incidents time brings beside its shores. Even so— “ Life is a stream—how fair its face, How smooth its dimpling waters pace, Its canopy how pure. But rocks below, and tempests sleep, Insidious o’er the glassy deep, Nor leave an hour secure.” Yes, reader, such is life, and before many years you and I will disappear beneath its surface and be known on earth no more. But never mind, “My friend, adown life’s valley, hand in hand, With grateful change of grave and merry speech, Or song, our hearts unlocking each to each, We’ll journey onward to the silent land.”