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Cornell University Library 1993.CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME
OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT
FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY
HENRY WILLIAMS SAGEPETER PAUL & BRO.
STEEL & COPPER PLATE PRINTERS, BUFFALO, UYPUBLICATIONS
OF THE
BUFFALO
Historical Society
VOLUME I.
BUFFALO:
PUBLISHED BY BIGELOW BROTHERS
60, 62 AND 64 PEARL STREET.Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by
BIGELOW BROTHERS,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington,CONTENTS
Index, ....		V.
Prospectus, ....		xxiii.
Officers of the Society,		xxiv.
Preface,	.	XXV.
Inaugural Address,	Hon. Millard Fillmore,	1
The Origin of the Name of Buffalo,	. William Ketchum,	17
Correspondence on the Name of Buffalo.		
Letter,	. Rev.. Asher Wright,	37
Letters,	. Nathaniel T. Strong,	38,41
The Last of the Kah-Kwahs (Poem),	. David Gray,	43
Buffalo Cemeteries,	. ' William Hodge,	49
Ode.—At the Forest Lawn Dedication,	Rev. John C. Lord, D. D.,	77
The Braves’ Rest,	William C. Bryant,	81
The Old Black Rock Ferry, .	Charles D. Norton,	91
Addenda.—Relating to the Name of Black Rock.		
Communication,	Hon. George R. Babcock,	110
Communication,	. Col. William A. Bird,	hi
Annual Address,	Rev. John C. Lord, D. D.,	113
Origin and Progress of the Society,	Oliver G. Steele,	131
Buffalo in 1825.—Reprint of a pamphlet, . . S. Ball,		139
Letter.—Relating to the above,	Hon. Gideon J. Ball,	151
Reminiscences of Buffalo and Vicinity, James L. Barton,		153
Execution of The Three Thayers,	Nathaniel Wilgus,	j79IV.
CONTENTS.
Buffalo During the War of 1812, Hon.	William Dorsheimer,	185
A Wreck and Stockade, E. H. Stewart and 0. H Marshall,	211
Norris’Journal of Sullivan’s Expedition,	.	.	.	217
Building and Voyage of the Griffon, . O. H. Marshall,	253
A History of the Israelites in Buffalo, . Rev. S.	289
Founding of the City of Ararat, .	Hon. Lewis F. Allen,	305
Orlando Allen, ....	William C. Bryant,	329
Addenda.—Supplementing the above,	....	363
Oliver Forward.—Life and Public Services, Hon. James Sheldon,	373
The Grain Elevators of Buffalo,	.	Joseph Dart,	391
The Buffalo Common Schools,	.	. Oliver G. Steele,	405
The First School House in Buffalo, .	Crisfield Johnson,	433
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Hon. Millard Fillmore. Steel plate.	.	. Frontispiece
View of Buffalo Harbor—1825. Photo-Lithograph fac simile,	139
Map of Buffalo—1825. Artotype fac simile, .	.	.150
Map of Niagara River and Environs—1688. Photo-zinc facsimile	268
Orlando Allen.—Artotype Likeness,	.	•	.	329INDEX
ABBOTT*S Corners, 212, 342.
Abbott, Seth, 377.
Abbott’s Adventures of La Salle, 264.
Abino, Point, 140.
Adams, (brig), 188, 189.
Adams, Major, 193, 194, 195.
Adkins, Isabel, 435.
Albany, 163, 166, 167, 171, 246,
376, 378, 381.
Albany County, 381.
Algonquin Language, The, 261.
Allegany Mountains, 31.
Allegany River, 13, 30, 238, 248.
Allen, Eli, 330.
Allen, Gideon, 330.
Allen, Henry F., 360.
Allen, Hiram Pratt, 360.
Allen, Holden, 102.
Allen, Levi, 102, 153, 176.
Allen, Hon. Lewis F., 54, 116, 132,
133, 134. 305.
Allen, Lucy A. (Mrs. Hopkins), 360.
Allen, Orlando, 83, 137, 329 to 371,
416.
Allen, Orlando, Jr., 360.
Allen, Mrs. Orlando, 176.
Allen, Sarah J., 360.
Allen, William K., 360.
Alps, The, 14.
Altman, Abraham, 300.
Altman, Mrs. Abraham, 302.
Altman, Jacob, 298, 299.
Altman, Samuel, 291.
American Ethnological Society, 31.
American Hall, 134.
Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, 215.
Amsterdam (Veedersburgh), 8.
Andastagueronons, The, 28.
Andrews, Colin, 214.
Andrews, Samuel, 435.
Angus, Lieutenant, 190, 191.
Annin, Joseph, 112, 162.
Apalachian Mountains, 33.
Appomattox River, 33.
“ Ararat,” City of Refuge, 115, 116,
120, 305 to 328.
Armstrong, Dr. George S., 137.
Armstrong, Thomas, 338.
"‘Ash breeze,” 164.
Ashe, Thomas, 29, 41.
Aspinwall, Lieutenant-Colonel, 203.
Astor, John Jacob, 106.
Astride Town, 148.
Atkins, F. W., 422.
Atkins, Mrs. Rudolph, 63.
Atlantic Ocean, The, 35.
Auglaise River, 156.
Aurora, N. Y., 83.
Aurora, Ohio, 374, 375.
“Avenue,’’ The, 55.
BABCOCK, Rev. Deodatus, 413.
Babcock, Geo.R., no, 132, 133, 412.
Back, Captain, 33.
Bailey, J. Nash, 332.
Baker, A. L., 132.
Baker, Moses, 414, 422.
Ball, Gideon J., 39, 151, 152.
Ball, S., 139, 151.
Bancroft the Historian, 263, 264.
Bank of Buffalo, the. old, 355.
Bank of Niagara, 142, 377.
Barclay, Commodore, 94.
Barker, Judge, 383.
“ Barker’s,” 342.
Barker’s Tavern, 51.
Barker, Zenas W., 377, 410, 435
Barton, Benjamin, 162.
Barton, James L., 153, 177.
Barton, Joseph A., 177.
Bartoji, Major, 106.
Bass Islands, 281.
Batavia, 51, 434.
Battery, The Grand, 53, 64.
Battery Swift, 92.
Baxter, Daniel, 199.
Baxter’s, 105.
Baxter, Wallace, 325.
Beals, J. W., 422.
Bean, Aaron, 420.
Beaver Creek, 6, 7, 20, 305, 327
Beaver Island, 305.
Beaver, The (vessel), 213, 216.
Beir Swamp, 238.	•
Bemis, Mr., 105.
Bemis, Mrs. Aurelia, 177.
Bennett, Isaac H., 435.
Bennett, James, 415.
Bennett, Hon. D. S., 401.
Bergman, Simon, 299, 301,VI.
INDEX.
Bergman, Mrs. Simon, 302.
Berith Shalom Congregation, 301.
Bernheimer, Elias J., 291, 293, 296.
Bernheimer, Mrs. E. J., 73.
Bernstein, Rev. Philip, 296.
Berry, Major Jack, J 75, 367.
Berry town, Jack, 40.
Best, Robert H., 177.
Beth El (Bethel) Congregation, 72,
295, 296.
Beth Zion Congregation, 73, 296,
297, 300.
Biddle, Captain, 201, 203, 205.
Biddle, Lieutenant, 207.
“ Bidwell Farm” Burying Ground,
The, 57.
Bidwell, General, 63.
Bidwell, Mrs. Benjamin, 177.
Biesenthal, Fanny, 300.
Biesenthal, Salomon, 299.
Big Buffalo Creek, The, 12, 140.
Bigelow, Rev. Albert, 71.
Big Kettle, 371.- ..
Bird Island, 94, 103, no, ill, 164,
253. 376.
Bird, William A., 32, 55, 57, 66, 92,
in, 187, 311.
Bird & McPherson, 171.
Bishop, Colonel, 66, 92, 192, 193.
Black, Hon. Jeremiah S., 389.
Black Rock, 9, 28, 55, 92, 93, 94,
110,116, 163, 164, 168, 174, 186,
187, 190, 194, 308, 309, 376, 378,
380, 385, 409.
Black Rock Burying Ground, 55, 56,
57.
Black Rock dam, 171.
Black Rock, Lower, 163.
Black Rock, The State Village^of,
163.
“ Black rock,” The, 94, no.
Black Rock, Upper, 162.
Blakeslie, Lieutenant-Colonel, 194,
195,196.
Bliss, Colonel John, 69.
Block, Moritz, 299.
Blossom House, The, 413.
Blossom, Colonel Ira A., 171.
Bockes, Abraham, 381.
Boon'Captain Hawkins, 225.
Boston (Erie Co.), 179, 182.
Boerstler, Lieutenant-Colonel, 19 r.
Bois Blanc Island, 281.
Botsford, Rufus, 199.
Boughton Hill, 260.
Boughton, Lieut.-Colonel, 194, 199.
Boughton, Sergeant, 187, 199.
Bowen, Daniel, 426.
Bowen, Jonathan, 377.
Boyd, Lieutenant, 242, 243, 244, 245.
Brace, Lester, 99, 101, 103, 104,107,
177.
Brace, Mrs. L., 177.
Brace, Orange, 100, 101.
Brady, General Hugh, 158.
Brant, Joseph, 237, 245, 364.
Brassart, (Interpreter), 261.
Brinkerhof, Abraham, 212.
Bristol, C. C., 176.
Bristol, Dan, 176.
Bristol, Mrs. Dan., 176.
Bristol, Dr. Moses, 422.
Broadhead, Colonel, 234.
Brock, Henry, 298, 299, 300.
Brock, Lewis M., 298, 299, 300.
Brock, Mathilda, 300.
Brown, Henry, 296.
Brown, General Jacob, 108, 200,
206, 207, 208.
Bronx River, N. Y., 398.
Brown, James I., 422.
Bruyas’ Dictionary of Mohawk, 274.
Bryant, Wm. Cullen, 264.
Bryant, Wm. C., 81, 329.
Buckhorn Island, 306.
Buckle’s History of Civilization, 4.
“Bucktails,” The, 383.
Buffalo, Bradford and Pittsburgh R.
R., 355.
Buffalo, Burning of, 8, 165, 197.
Buffalo Cemetery Association, 59.
Buffalo City Cemetery Association,
60.
Buffalo City, when incorporated, 9.
Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, 22,
23, 24, 264, 379.
Buffalo Creek, 5, 17, 20, 32, 35, 82,
141, 160, 334, 338, 339, 400.
Buffalo Creek Reservation, 356.
Buffalo, distance from various points,
150.
“ Buffaloe Creek ” District, 6, 8, 161.
Buffaloes Creek, no.
Buffalo Emporium, The, 144.
Buffalo, First attack on in 1812, 192.
Buffalo Gazette, The, 188.
Buffalo Gospel Advocate, The, 144.
Buffalo Harbor, 145, 167.
Buffalo Historical Society, The, I, 2,
114, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 126,
128, 131, 358.
Buffalo in 1811, 375.INDEX.
Vll.
Buffalo, Indian names of, 4, 20 to
24, 37 to 42.
Buffalo Indian Reservat’n, The, 147,
160.	*
Buffalo Insane Asylum, The, 358.
Buffalo Journal, The, 119.
Buffalo, Mail Facilities of, (in 1825),
146.
Buffalo Meat” story, 4, 37.
Buffalo, Name of, 3, 17 to 42, 114,
140.
Buffalo, North, 162.
Buffalo, Original Plan of, 19.
Buffalo, Original Township of, 409.
Buffalo Orphan Asylum, 358.
Buffalo Patriot, The, 315, 322, 363.
Buffalo Pilot, The, 4, 22.
Buffalo Plains, 52, 63, 67, 193.
Buffalo Public Buildings in 1825, 143.
Buffalo rebuilt in 1814, 166.
Buffalo, Shipping at (in 1825), 147.
Buffalo, Stage lines at (in 1825), 147.
Buffalo Stamps,” 31.
Buffalo Streets, Early names of, 10,
15, r45> 151-
Buffalo, The (Canal boat), 385.
Buffalo, Town of, when established,
8, 19.
Buffalo, Early range of the, 3, 25.
Buffalo Village, when incorporated,
8, 19.
Bull, Captain, 193.
Bull, Judge, 109.
Burnt Ship Bay, 306.
Burt, Mrs. Mary P., 177.
Burwell, Bryant, 415.
Busti, Paul, 97, 99.
Butler, Colonel, 156, 22r, 223, 248.
Butler, The tory, 239, 245.
CALDWELL, Samuel, 422, 427.
Caledonia, The Schooner, 188, 189,
190.
California, 359,
Callender, Deacon Amos, 410, 413.
Callender, S. N., 198, 413, 422.
Callender place, The, 95.
Camp, Anna, 330.
Camp, Major John G., 413.
Camp, Wyatt, 413.
Canal, Great Western (Erie canal
called), 107.
Canandaigua (Cannandaquah), 18,
163; 186, 242,
Canandaqua (Canandaigua) Lake,
241, 245,
Candaia (Appletown), 240.
Cannestoga Wagons, 349.
Canoga, 371,
Carignan Selieres, 256.
Carner, Stephen, 417.
Caroline, The Steamer, 93.
Cape Fear River, 32.
Carter, Silas, 95, 96. 99.
Caryl, Benjamin C., 177-
Case, Manning, 416.
Case, S. S., 422.
Caskey, Mr., 52.
Cass, Governor Lewis, 263.
Cass, Lieutenant, 236.
Catfish Creek, 214, 215.
Catherine’s Town (Katareen’s, etc.),
238, 248.
Cattaraugus County, 381.
Cattaraugus Creek, 19, 23.
Cattaraugus Reservation, 37, 75,
339, 356.
Cayuga Creek, 264, 266, 267, 269.
Cayuga Lake, 87, 246, 371.
Cayuga Nation, The, 51.
Cayuga Settlement, 246.
Cayugas, The, 261, 367.
Central School, Buffalo, 304, 422,
423,428.
Chamberlain, Sylvester, 422.
Champlain, Lake, 35.
Chapin, Cyrenius, 51, 161, 189, 190,
104 to 109, 330 to 336, 340 to 347,
366, 369, 375, 377, 383, 410, 411.
Chapin, Cyrenius, Nephew of, 348.
Chapin & Pratt, 343.
Chapin, Dr. Daniel, 67.
Chapin, Gorham, 341, 345.
Chapin place, The, 67.
Chapin, Seth, 314.
Chapin, William W., 63, 68.
Charlevoix, 28, 32, 34.
Chautauqua County, 381.
Chemung, 230, 234, 235, 238, 249.
Chester, Rev. Albert T., D. D., 137.
Chicago, T58.
Chippewa, 88, 159, 160, 306, 363.
Chippewa, Battle of, 200.
Chippewa Creek, 258, 264.
“ Churches,” The, 11.
Cilley, Colonel, 220 to 250.
Cincinnati, 156.
Cinices (Senecas), 215.
“ Circle, The,” 46.
Claiiambault Collections, 256.
City and County Hall, 50.
Clarence, (Erie Co.), 96, 344, 345,VIII.
INDEX.
Clarke, Charles E., 59.
Clarke, “ Governor,” 307.
Clarke, Dr. J. W., 415 iy#
Clarke, Rev. Walter, D. D., 132,
133.
Clary, Joseph, 54, 411,
Cleveland, Ohio, 171.
Clinton, DeWitt, 381,431.
Clinton, General, 221 to 250.
Clinton, Governor, 385.
Clinton, Geo. W., 132, 133.
“ Clintonians,” 383.
Cochrane, Captain Gavin, 215.
Cochrane, John, 51.
Cohen, Rev. I. N., 300.
Concert Hall (Townsend Hall), 292.
Coit, George, 375, 379, 410.
Cold, Captain, 349.
Cold Spring, 52, 117, 411.
Colored school, Buffalo, 429.
Collins, John, 63.
Colman, John, 415.
Colt, Peter H., 186.
Colton Farm, (Duel farm) The, 344,
,345-
Cone, Henry, 298, 299, 300.
Cone, Mrs. Henry, 302.
Conesus,(Kaneysas or Yucksea, Kan-
igsas or Chocksett), 242, 245.
Congdon, Dr., 332.
Conjockety Creek, (Conjaquadies,
&c.), 58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 104, 106,
163, 164, 187, 190, 192, 202.
Conjockety, Philip, (Chief), 336, 357.
Connecticut, State of, 51.
Connecticut, The Schooner, 186.
Conti, Governor, 28.
Conty, Fort (Conti). 272.
Cook, Raphael, 376.
Cooper, Dr., 112.
Cornerstone of “Ararat,” 315, 317,
323.
Cornplanter, 6, 7, 12, 20, 349, 350,
. 35 C 354. 356.
Copperplate Engraving,—The first
in Buffalo, 151.
Cotton, Eliza, 4I0.
Cotton, Elizabeth, 177,
Cotton, George, 177.
Cotton, Lester H., 177.
Cotton, Mary, 177.
Cotton, Captain Rowland, 67.
Cotton, Mrs. Ward, 63.
Courcelles, Expedition of, 261.
Court House Square, The, 61.
Court House, The old, 119, 375.
Courtlandt, Colonel, 22o to 250Y
Court Week in 180S, 165.
Covington, General, 158.
Crary, Captain, 181.
Crawford, Colonel, 155.
Crawford, Rev. Gilbert, 124.
Cresop, Colonel, 177.
Crisis (Financial) of 1837, 173, 426.
Cronk, James, 308, 377.
Crooked Lake, 247.
Crow, John, 11.
Crow Street, 11, 50.
Cummings, Captain, 193.
Curtess, Lettuce, 330.
DAHLMAN, Louis, 292.
Darrow Block, 180.
Dart, Joseph, 391.
Davis, Captain, 219.
Davis, Isaac, 376.
Davison, Mrs. Sally, 177.
Day, David F., 132.
Day, David M.f 120.
Dayton, Colonel, 250.
Dean, Orange, 102.
Dearborn, Abner, 240,
Dearborn, General, 399.
Dearborn, Lieutenant-Colonel, 221,
224, 246.
DeCouagne, 214,
DeEstaing, Count, 249.
DeForest, Cyrus H., 57.
DeKay, Mr., 34.
Delaware and North St, Burying
Ground, 54, 63.
Delaware County, N. 381.
Delaware River. The, 219.
Delaware, State of, 394.
Democratic Review, 364,
Denison the Squatter, 327.
DeNonville, Marquis, 255, 269.
Desbecker, Samuel, 292, 299.
Destroy Town, 367, 371.
Detroit, 92, 147, 154, 159, 213, 214,
215.
Detroit Harbor, 286.
Detroit River, The, 279, 281, 282.
Dill’s House, Burning of, 197.
Division Streets, North and South,
11.
Dorsheimer, William, 132, 133, 134.
185.
Dodge, Alvin, 411.
Douglas Battery, The, 201, 203, 204,.
205.
Douglass, Captain, 203.INDEX.
IX.
Douglas’ Store at Fort Erie, 103.
Dox, Captain, 57.
Drew, John, 416.
Drinker, Israel, 296.
Drummond, Colonel, 204.
Drummond, General, 195, 201, 202,
203, 205, 206, 209.
Dubois, Bishop, 125.
Dubois’ Regiment (Sullivan’s Expe-
dition), 250.
Dudley, Major Wm. C.. 180.
Duel farm, (Colton farm) The, 344*
“ Dulittle, Calib,” Dreadful death
of, 118.
Dun and Bright (Oxen), 342.
Duncan, Major Alexander, 215,
Dwight, Dr. Timothy, 20, 96, no,
in.
Dutchess County, N. Y., 381.
EAGLE Tavern, The, 115, 200,
3i7» 382, 385, 386.
Earll, Jonas, Jr., 381.
East Bloomfield Horse, 199. ’
East Granby, Conn., 374.
Easton, Pa,, 217, 223, 249.
Eckford, Henry, 93, 104.
Efner, E. D., 103, 107, 196.
Eighteen-Mile Creek, 23, 211, 212,
214, 215.
Elevators in Buffalo, Capacity of,
(1865), 403.
Elevators, Invention of, 392 to 398.
Eleven-Mile Creek, 69.
Elx.The, 4, 25.
Ellicott, Benjamin, 24.
Ellicott, Joseph, 8, n, 24, 51, 97,
99, 134, 144, 161, 377, 434.
Ellicott’s Mills, near Baltimore, 396.
Ellicott Square, 82.
Elliott, Captain, 208.
Elliott, Lieutenant, 189.
Elmira, 154.
Emory, Mr., 415.
Episcopal Church Charity Founda-
tion, 56.
Episcopal Church Service,—the first
in Forest Lawn, 62.
Erie Canal, The, 107, 115, 140, 149,
168, 169, 310,.312, 378. 381, 382,
385- .
Erie County, 19, 165, 171, 377,
Erie District, 161.
Erie, Lake, 27, 28, 39, 82, 100, 140,
159, !65, !7L 211, 216, 253, 264!
266, 267, 269, 272, 275, 278, 279,
Erie Lake (continued), 280, 282, 283
3I2> 318, 334, 378, 380, 384, 407.
Erie or Cat Nation, 12, 23, 28, 82.
Erie, Pa., 160, 161, 164, 263, 332.
Erie, Sortie of Fort, 69.
Erocoise (Ontario) Lake, 32.
Errieronons, The, 28.
Evans, Charles W., 401.
Evans, John B., 69.
Evans, Oliver, 392 to 398, 401, 404.
Evans, Rev. Mr., 224.
Experiment Pier, The, 169.
FAIRFIELD, (Conn.), 224.
Falcon wood, 328.
Falck, Abraham, 299.
Falk, Rev. S., 289.
Fanning, Captain, 203, 205.
Fargo, William G., 360.
Farmer’s Brother, 12, 51, 82, 87,
188, 193, 194, 367, 368.
Farmer’s Hotel, The, 416.
Farmer’s Point, 12, 336, 368.
Fauna Boreali Americana, 33.
Fay, Colonel, 63.
Ferry at Black Rock, 91 to 112.
Fillmore, Rev. Glezen, 126, 182.
Fillmore, Millard, 1, 21, 117, 122,
133.135.137,364.414-
Flascher, Colonel, 204.
Flersheim, Mr., 29.
Flint Hill, 64, 66, 67, 375.
Florida, State of, 359.
“ Fobes Lot,” The, 410.
Fogg, Captain, 224.
Fontaine, Lieutenant, 201.
Foote, Dr. Thomas M., 22.
Forest Lawn Cemetery, 52, 53, 56,
63,64.
Forest Lawn Cemetery Association,
59.60.
Forest Lawn, Ode at dedication, 77-
Forest Sieur De La, 276.
Fort Adams, 92.
Fort Conty (Niagara), 272.
Fort Defiance, 156.
Fort Erie, 5, 65, 69, 103, 108, 159.
161, 185, 186, 200, 201, 203, 207.
Fort Frontenac, 254, 256 257, 259,
264, 269, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276,
278, 279, 285, 286.
Fort George, 209, 363.
Fort Johnson, 215.
Fort Miami, 87, 153, 156, 159.
Fort Niagara, 153, 154,159> 2I3> 27°>
(Conti, 272.)X.
INDEX.
Fort Ontario, (now Oswego), 215.
Fort Pitt, 234.
Fort Porter, 66, 70, 112. 187, 253.
Fort Recovery, 156.
Fort Schlosser, 92, 213.
Fort Stanwix (now Rome), 5, 6, 7,
17, 20.
Fort St. Louis, 255.
Fort Tompkins, 187, 190, 193, 195.
Fort Washington (Cincinnati), 156.
Fort Wayne, 158.
Forty-Fort, 220, 224.
Forward, Abel, 374.
Forward, Chauncey, 374, 389.
Forward, Dryden, 389.
Forward, Julia, 374.
Forward, Oliver, 373, to 390.
Forward, Rennsselaer, 374, 389.
Forward, Samuel, 374.
Forward, Walter, 374, 388, 389.
Four-Mile Creek, 95.
Fourth, Thomas, 435.
Fox, Mrs. Esther Pratt, 177, 410.
Fox, George W., 378.
Franciscans, The, 22, 256, 272, 276,
277, 278, 283, 285.
Frankfort-on-the-Main, 291.
Franklin, Robert (colored), 199.
Franklin Square, 50, 51, 54, 63.
Franquelin, Jean Baptiste Louis,
267, 268.
Fraser, Major Donald (Black Wolf),
56, 106, 107, 352, 363.
Frazier, Lieutenant, 207.
Fredonia, N. Y., 330.
Freeland, Garrett, 435.
Free Sons of Israel, Independent
Order of, 302.
French and English War, The, 306.
Frenchman’s Creek, 191.
“ French Relations,” The, 21, 28.
French’s Gazetteer, 112.
Friedman, Mrs. William, 302.
Friend, Henry, 298.
Frisby, Gideon, 377.
Frontenac, Count, 253, 254, 274.
Frontier Guards, The, 386.
Fuller, S., 412.
GAINES, General Benjamin, 203,
206.
Gallatin, Albert, 31.
Gallinee, 280.
Galusha, D., 415, 422.
Galusha, Rev. Mr,. 383.
Gardner, N. H., 415, 417, 422.
Gamier, Father Julien, 260, 261.
Garnsworth’s regiment(Sullivan’s Ex-
pedition), 250.
Geddes’ Report of Survey, ill.
General Hospital, The, 295.
Genesee (Chenesee), 242, 243.
Genesee, County of, 19, 165.
Genesee Flats, The, 244.
Genesee River, The, 95, 259, 269,
270, 277.
Geneva (Kannadasaga), 241, 246,
353.
Georgia, State of, 250.
Ghent, Treaty of, 108.
Gibbs, Major, 224.
Gilbert Family, Captivity of the, 18.
Gillett, Joshua, 435, 436.
Gilmore, The Ferryman, 97.
Gladwin, The (vessel), 216.
Godman (quoted), 34.
Goodell, Deacon Jabez, 416.
Gordon’s Gazetteer, 112.
Grand Island, 179, 275, 305 to 328.
Grand River, Canada, 95, 139.
Granger, Erastus, 18, 63, 186, 188,
375, 376, 377-
Granger farm, The, 64.
Granger, Lieutenant-Col., 194, 195*
Granger, Rev. James N., 59.
Granger, Sally, 375.
Granger’s Creek, 412.
Granger, Seth, 52.
Granger, Warren, 59, 375.
Gray, David, 43.
Great Marten Lake, 33.
Great Slave Lake, 33.
Great Tree (Indian Chief), 242.
Green Bay, (Le Grand Baie), 286.
Greene, William H., 137.
Greenville, Ohio, 157.
Griffin, Harmon, 177.
Griffin, Hiram, 177.
Griffin, The, (see Griffon), no, 213-
Griffon, The, 253, 288.
Griswold, Henry, 415.
Grosse Isle, 281.
Grosvenor & Heacock, 376.
Grosvenor, Seth, 200.
“ Guide Board Road,” The, 55, 57>
58, 95, 106.
Gulf of Mexico, The, 35.
“ Gulf Road,” The, 58.
Gull Island, 276.
Gumbinsky, Mr., 301.
HAGGART, James, tog.INDEX.
XI.
Haldeman, General, 221.
Halifax, Canada, 105.
Hall, Asaph, 410.
Hall, Brigadier-General Amos, 194
195, 196, 199.
Hall, Hon. Nathan K., 133, 137,
419, 421, 422.
Hamburg (Germany), 291.
Hamer, General, 156.
Hamilton, Colonel, 157.
Hand, General (Sullivan’s Expedi-
tion), 224 to 250.
Handy, Rev. Mr., 126.
Hardison, The Ferryman, 97, 103.
Hardison, Mrs., 97.
Harmon, Captain R., 199.
Harris Hill, 344, 346.
Harris, Mrs. Mary, 177.
Harris, Willaim, 415.
Harrison, President Wm. H., 158.
Hart, Eli, 200, 369, 376, 377.
Hart & Lay, 369.
Haskell, John, 69.
Haskins, R. W., 418, 419.
Hawley, Jesse, 384.
Hawley, idias S., 427.
Heacock, Mrs. Abby, 177.
Heacock, Reuben B., 413.
Hebrew Union Benevolent Associa-
tion, 301.
Hebrew Union College, 302.
Held, Sam., 292.
Helms, Samuel, 197, 199.
Hennepin, Father Louis, 25440 288.
“ Hennepin’s Rock.’’ 266.
Henry, Patrick, 147.
Henshaw, Joshua, 377.
Heywood, Russel H., 54.
Hildreth, Dr. S. P.. 31.
Hill, F. C., 95.
Hill, John, 377.
Historical Magazine, The American,
18, 21.
Historical Society of Michigan, 263.
Hitchcock, Alexander, 377*
Hobart, Bishop, 125, 315.
Hodge, Benjamin, Sr., 63.
Hodge, Benjamin, Jr., 63, 177, 199,
308, 411, 412, 417.
Hodge Family, The, 58.
Hodge, Loren, 103.
Hodge, Philander, 177.
Hodge, Miss Sarah, 177.
Hodge, Valorus, 177.
Hodge, William, Sr., 63, 67, 411,
412.
Hodge, Mrs. William, Sr., 177.
Hodge, William Jr., 177.
Hofeller, Siegmund, 299.
Holland Land Company, 8, 17, 51,
52, 134, 149. l69. i7i, 331, 377,
410.
Holland Purchase, The, 14, 24, 96,
97, 100, 107, 211.
Holy Angels, Church of the, 55.
Honeoye Lake (Anyoye), 23, 245.
Hopkins, Hon. Nelson K., 360.
Hopkins, Otis R., 377.
Hopkins, Hon. T. A., 70, 96, 194.
“Horn breeze,” 164, 365.
Hosmer, Rev. Dr., 133.
Hospital, Sisters of Charity, 417.
Howcutt, John, 132.
Howes, Mrs. Sabrina, 177.
Hoysington, Job, 52, 53, 199.
Hoyt Building, 295.
Hoyt, Joseph D., 50, 199, 416.
Hubley, Colonel, 250.
Hudson County, N. Y., 381.
Hudson River, The, 378.
Hull, Absalom, 196.
Hull, Brigadier-General, 187.
Hull, Captain, 53, 187, 193, 196.
Humber, The River, 257.
Huron, Lake, 269, 283.
Huron Language, The, 261.
Hurons (Kiskakons) The, 285.
Hydraulics, The, 425.
ILLINOIS Indians, 27.
Illinois, Lake (now Michigan), 269,
286.
Illinois River, 27, 29, 287.
Illinois, State of, 27, 171.
Independence Day, 17 79 (Sullivan’s
Army), 222.
Indiana, State of, 27.
Indian Council, 84.
Indian difficulties in Ohio, 155, 175.
Indian war mallet, 223.
Indian names for Buffalo, 4, 6, 20,
23, 27.
Indian Reservation, 147, 160, 342
Indians of Canada, 54.
Indian Spy, 366 to 368.
Indian (Seneca) Village, The, 83,
147.
“ Infant,” The, 51.
Ingersoll, Ebenezer, 211, 213.
Ingersoll, G. S., 213.
Ingersoll, John, 213.
Ingersoll, R. S., 212 213.Xll
INDEX.
Inland Lock Navigation Co., 159.
“ Iron Hand,” 255.
Iroquois Language, The, 261.
Iroquois, or Six Nations, 26, 27, 28,
82, 83, 276, 277, 334, 337, 349,
367.
Irvine, General, 18, 19.
Irvine, Dr. W. H., 18, 19, 30.
Irving, N. Y., 38.
Irving, Washington (quoted), 34.
Isaacs, Rev. Mr., 295.
Israelites,occupations in Buffalo, 303.
JACKSON, General, 167.
Jacobsohn, Rev. Mr., 301.
Jacobsohn (Jacobson) Society, The,
73,292,293,296,297.
Jacob’s Plains, 220.
Jail, The old, 198.
James, John H., 32.
James River, The, 33.
Jay, Chief Justice, 158.
Jay’s Treaty, 158, 159.
Jefferson, Thomas, 397.
Jemison, Mary, 88.
Jesuits, The, 22, 114, 260, 261, 285.
Jewett, Elam R., 67.
Jewish Cemeteries in Buffalo, 292.
Jewish Settlement in Buffalo, 290.
Jewish Settlement in United States,
290.
Jewish Worship, 291, 292.
Jews,—first public worship in Buf-
falo, 2,92.
Jimeson, Jacob, 357.
Johnson, Mr., 196.
Johnson, Captain, 186.
Johnson, Dr. Ebenezer, 118.
Johnson, Hank, 353.
Johnson, John, 435.
Johnson, Sir William, 213, 215.
Johnston Burying Ground, 49.
Johnston, Captain Wm., 49, 50, 52.
Johnston, John (or Jack), 51.
Jolliet, Louis, 254, 267, 285.
“Jones Tract,” The, 162.
Jones and Parrish, 338, 339, 370.
Jones, Captain Horatio, 337, 338
370, 371.
Jones, Lieutenant, 219.
Jones, Miles, 334.
Jones, Mrs. Elizabeth, 176.
Josephs, Joseph, 50.
“Journey through New York,” Dr.
Dwight’s, 96.
Juba Storrs & Co., 68, 376.
Jubilee Spring, The, 58.
Judson, Mrs. Sally, 177.
Juniata River (west branch of the
Susquehanna), 223, 225.
KANAWHA River, 31.
Kane, Robert, 196, 197.
Kankakee River, 29.
Keene, Robert, 199.
Keep, N. D., 199.
Keese, George, 331.
Keese, William, 343.
Keiser, Leopold, 298, 299, 300.
Kellogg, Silas D., 307, 309.
Kentucky, State of, 32.
Kentucky Riflemen, 66.
Kesher shel Barzel, 302.
Ketchum, Jesse, 176.
Ketchum, William, 42, 114, ^68.
416,434.
Kibbe, Mrs. S., 176.
Kimball, Captain, 233.
Kimberly & Waters, 50.
King, Captain, 190, 191.
King, John A., 381.
Kingman, Mahlon, 401.
King of the Outlaws, The, 307.
King’s Bridge, N. Y., 398.
King’s Ferry, 224.
Kingsley, Silas, 426.
Kirby, Colonel, 97, 341.
Kith, George, 435.
Kitchen, The New England, 118.
Kohn, Samuel, 301.
“ Kremlin Aristocracy,” 383.
Kremlin Block, The, 413.
Kremlin Hall, 298.
Kurtz, David, 296.
LACKAWANNA, 224, 226.
Lacy, John T., 56.
Ladies’ Sewing Society (Jewish), 302.
La Fayette, Gen., 115, 310, 386,387.
La Fleur, Sergeant, 277.
La Forge, The Blacksmith, 273.
La Glaize, 34.
La Hontan, Baron, 27, 264, 265.
Lake of the Woods, 153.
Lake Superior, 153.
La Motte, Sieur de, 255 to'273.
Lancaster, (N. Y.), 389.
Landon, Joseph, 376* 4IO«
Landon’s Tavern, (now the Mansion
House) 101, 112, 435.
La Salle, Cavelier de, 27, 28, 39,254.
to 288.INDEX.
Xlll.
La Salle, Village of, 269.
Laval, Bishop, 256.
Lawson (quoted). 33.
Lay, John, 199.
Lay, Mrs. John, 176.
Lay, John, Jr., 62.
Le Clerq (quoted in note), 257.
Le Couteulx, Louis, 125.
Lee, Amos, 330.
Lee, R. Hargreave, 180.
Lee, Captain Robert, 158.
Lee, Sarah, 330.
Leggett, Samuel, 312, 3*3, 314, 324.
Le Grand Baie (Green Bay), 286.
Lehigh River, The, 218.
Le Moine, Father, 25.
Levi, Emanuel, 299.
Levyn, Siegmund, 298, 299, 300.
Lewis County, N. Y., 381.
Lewiston, 153, 159, 162, 163, 13^
186, 259, 265, 266, 306, 375.
Lewiston and Schlosser docks, 162.
Lichtenstein, Barnard, 291.
Licks, or Salt Springs, 26, 30, 31, 33^
35, 42.
Light-house and Pier.i 40, 144, 342.
'Limestone Hill, 72*
‘ ‘ Lindenwald,” 23.
Little Billy. 87, 148, 367, 371.
Little Buffalo Creek, 49, 140.
Littlefield, Wray S. (Sheriff), 180,
181.
Little Niagara, The, 266.
Little York (Toronto), 109.
Livingston’s Regiment (Sullivan’s
Expedition), 250.
Lockport, 384.
Lodges, Jewish, 302.
Lodge, Mr., 234.
Long Point, 29, 280.
Loomis, David, 374.
Lord, Rev. John C., D. D., 60, 77,
119, 132, 361,
Lord, Mrs. Dr. John C., 118.
Lord, Mrs. Mary, 177*
Louisiana, Old, 281, 284.
Love, John, 115, 121, 122, t8o.
Love, John, Ballad on murder of,
122.
Love, Thomas C., 180, 209.
Lovejoy, Henry, 132, I77» I94> 198,
414.
Lovejoy, Mrs., 198.
Loewenthal, Jacob, 292.
Luc, The Pilot, 287.
Ludlow, Ethan, 57.
Lundy’s Lane, 200, 206, 208.
Lyman, Nathan, 422.
Lyon, George, 412.
MABEE, Sylvanus, 435.
Mack, William, J., 417.
Mackinaw (Mackinac), 5. 29*
Macy, Mrs. Samuel H., 177.
Mahoney, Mr., 89.
Mail route to Buffalo in 1825, 146.
Mallory, Lieut.-Colonel, 194, 195*
Mann, Richard, 435.
Mansion House, 'The, ior, 186.
Marcus, Leopold, 298, 299, 300.
Margry documents. 264.
Marietta, Ohio, 27, 31.
Marriage Record, Buffalo Historical
Society, 136.
Marshall, O. H., 22, 43, 114, 119,
132, 133, 137, 211, 213, 413.
Marquette, Pere, 254, 285.
Martin, Mr.—of Maryland, 397.
Marvin, Le Grand, 422.
Maryland Gazette, 92.
Maryland, State of, 394.
Mathews, Sylvester, 58, 103, 181.
Mathews and Wilcox Burying
Ground, 57, 58, 63.
Maumee River, 153, 156, 159.
Maxwell, General, 221, 224, 226, 235.
Mayer, Joseph, 292.
Mayer, Leon, 301.
McArthur’s Hall, 302.
McClure, General, 194,
McComb, John, 190.
McDonald, Capt., 225.
McDonald, Mrs. Jane, 177.
McDonald, Rev. John, 163.
McDonough, —, 204, 205.
McEwen, Timothy, 367.
McIntyre, Archibald, 163, 313, 324.
McLean, John, 163.
McMahon, Lieutenant-Colonel, 194,
195.196.
McNair, Mather, 163.
Medical College, The Buffalo, 418.
Medical Association, Rooms of, 133.
Mediterranean Sea, The, 315.
“Medora,” The Canal Boat, 124.
Meech, Horace, 348.
Melithon, Father, 279.
Membre, Zenobe, 276.
Merriam, Nathaniel, 381.
Merrill, Arden, 105.
Methodist Episcopal Church, The
old, 300.XIV.
INDEX.
Miami (Miamie) River* 34,
Michaels Brothers, 303.
Michaels, Louis, 299.
Michigan (Illinois), Lake, 292, 86,
287.
Michigan Peninsula, 283.
Michigan, State of, 91.
Michilimackinac (see Missillimack-
inac), 158.
Milan, Ohio, 402.
Miles, Peter E., 414.
Mile Strip, The, 18, 55, 99, hi, i6f.
162.
Miller, Frederick, 177.
Miller, Major Frederick, 100, 101,
186,346.411. ,
Miller, Lawrence, 221.
Miller’s Tavern, 101.
Miller’s Ferry, 96, 112.
Minhag, German, Polish and Portu-
guese, 294.
Minisings, 225.
Minnisink, 154.
Missillimackinac, 285, 286, 287.
Mississippi River, The, 23, 28, 31,
254, 285, 287.
Mobile Bay, 255.
Mohawk Castle, 246.
Mohawk River, The, .159* 246, 375*
Mohawks, The, 261, 365.
Mohawk Valley, The, 154-
Monongahela River, The, 23, 30,
254.
Montreal, 275, 306.
Montgomery County, 8, 19.
Montgomery, General Richard, 19.
Moore, A. C., 415, 417, 422.
Moorehead, Thomas, 27.
Moose, The, 4, 25.
Morgan, Major (Col.), 201, 202.
Moritz, Mark, 291, 295.
Morton, Thomas, 32.
Moulton, Joseph W., 332, 344.
Mound, Kah-Kwah Burial, 82.
Mound, The, 64.
Mountain Ridge, 258, 259, 260, 266,
270, 276.
Mullett House, The, 117.
Murray, Colonel, 194.
Myer, Colonel (General) A. J., 212.
Myers,-----, 199.
NAMES of Nations and Cities, 4, 9.
National Advocate, The, 310, 312.
Navy Island (Big Canoe), 214, 307.
Nesbit, James, 199.
Neuter (Neutral) Nation, 12, 43,
New Amsterdam (Buffalo), 8, 17, 19,.
42, 97, 434.
New Amsterdam (New York), 8.
Newark (Niagara Village), 112, 194.
“New English Canaan,’’Morton’s, 32.
New Haven (Conn.), 224.
New Orleans, Victory of, 167.
Newport (R. I.), 89.
Newtown (Elmira), 154* 235, 240,,
246.
New Year’s Poem, extract (Dr. Lord),,
• 120.
New York American, The, 363.
New York Missionary Society, 434.
New York, Natural History of, 33.
Niagara, County of, 8, 19, 165,-171,
344, 377, 379, 381.
Niagara Frontier, The, 288.
Niagara River and Falls, 18, 28, 32,
96, 139, 253 to 287, 306 to 315,
375, 378.
Niagara Street Rail Road Company,
187.
Niles’ Weekly Register, 393.
Noah, Michael Will, 291.
Noah, Major Mordecai Manuel, 115/
116, 305 to 328.
Northampton, Town of, 19.
Northumberland, 225.
Northwestern Company, The, 188,
190.
Norton, Charles D., no, 133, 135.
Noye, John T.. 398.
OAKLEY, Thomas J., 38.
Oak Orchard Creek, 32.
“Oar breeze,” The, 164.
Obituaiy Record, Buffalo Historical
Society, 136.
O’Brian,— 366.
Ogden Land Company, 85.
Ogdon, Colonel, 250.
Ohio, State of, 27, 29, 32, 157, 171,
175.
Ohio Canal completed, 171.
Oil Creek, 348.
Olden’s Regiment (Sullivan’s Expe-
dition), 250.
Old Homestead, The, 63.
“ Old Jack,” 334.
Old King, 365.
Old Mission Burial Ground, 82, 89.
Old Settlers’ (Old Folks’, Old Resi-
dents’) Festival, 113, 115, 117,131,
358.INDEX.
XV.
“ Old Shipyard,” The, 267.
‘4 Old Sow, ” The—a mortar so called,
187.
Old Stone Jail, The, 180, 375.
Omiamies, The, 28.
Oneida, 350.
Oneida Lake, 159
Oneida River, 159.
Oneidas, The, 245, 261, 350.
O’Neil, Con (Ferryman), 98.
Onondaga County, 381.
Onondagas, The, 25, 261, 367.
Ontario County, 19, 23, 160.
Ontario, Lake, 5, 7, 28, 32, 34, 100,
in, 159, 160, 161, 163, 165, 255,
267, 271, 276, 277, 318.
Orange County, 154, 163.
Ormsby, 191.
Oswego, 5, 153, 159, 215, 375,
Oswego Falls, 159.
Oswego River, The, 276.
Ottawas, The, 285.
Ottenot, Nicholas, 70.
Oughnour, Daniel, .214, 215.
Overstocks, Peter, 190.
PAINESVILLE, Ohio, 348.
Palmer, Alanson, 177, 181.
Palmer, John, 434,
Palmer, Joseph R., 434.
Parkman’s Life of Pontiac, 264
Park Meadow, The, 66, 68.
Parkway, The, 66.
Parrish, Captain Jasper, 51,337, 338,
370.
Parrish Tract, The, 162.
Patrick, Silas,- 377.
“ Patriot War,” The, 93, 421.
Pawling, Mrs. Eunice Porter Bird,
311-
Pax, Father, 125.
Peacock, William, 51, 379-
Pease, Mr., 413.
Pendleton (Erie Co.), 307.
Pennsylvania, 13, 27, 32, 86, 96, 97)
154, 160, 161, 394.
Pensil, Henry, Tragic death of, 219.
Perry (The Canal Boat), 385.
Perry, Commodore O. H., 93, 104,
[64.
Peters,, Mr., 213.
Phillipp, Salomon, 291.
Phoenix Hotel,, 198.
Pierce, Loring, 62. ,
Pierce, Charles S., 417, 422-
Pine Hill Burying Ground, 299.
Pike, General,. 108.
Pittsburg, Pa., 31, 94.
Placide, Henry, 75.
Plains, The Buffalo, 52, 63, 67, 193.
Pine Hill, 72.
Plains of Abraham, 220.
Pogono Point, 218.
Pointe au Pins, 281.
Pointe Pellee, 29, 281.
Point Traverse, 276.
Point St. Francis (Long Point), 280.
Point St. Ignace, 284.
Pollard, Captain, 83, 86, 88, 147,
335, 349, 356, 364, 365, 367, 371-
Pomeroy, Mrs. Lydia, 177*
Pomeroy, Oliver, 50, 105, 200.
Pontiac, 214.
Poor, General, 221 to 237.
Porter, Augustus, 96, 101, 163.
Porter, Barton & Co., 94, 99, 101,
163, 164.
Porter, Captain Moses, 159.
Porter, Peter B., 57, 92, 100, 162,
181, 186, 193, 200, 203, 206, 207,
208, 324, 352, 378.
Porter, Walter W., 181.
Port Folio, The, 96.
Pottawatamies, The, 286, 287.
Potter, Heman B., 54, 180, 181, 200,
316,	410, 411, 413.
Potter’s Field, The Buffalo, 54.
Potter’s Field, The Poorhouse, 55.
Potter’s Field, Roman Catholic, 55.
Potter’s Corners, 344.
Pratt, Allen & Co., 349.
Pratt & Allen, 344.
Pratt & Meech, 349.
Pratt, B. W., 19.
Pratt, Captain, 51.
Pratt, Hiram, 54, 179, 332, 343,
348, 355-
Pratt, Lucius H., 177.
Pratt, Marilla A. (Mrs. Orlando Al-
len), 355.
Pratt, Mrs. Dr., 177.
Pratt, Samuel, 19, 177, 355,4io, 435-
Pratt, Samuel F., 410.
Presbyterian Church, Buffalo, 408.
Preston, Colonel, 164.
Presque Isle, 18, 19, m, 283.
Prince, John R., 417, 422.
Proclamation, The, of Major Noah
317.
Proctor, Colonel, 226, 233.
Protestant Ladies’ Hospital Associa-
tion, 302.XVI.
INDEX.
QUAKERS, The, 88.
Quebec, 25, 27, 28, 213, 221, 256,
261, 275, 306.
Queen City of the Lakes, Buffalo
called, 62, 114.
Queen City Mills, 164.
Queen Easter’s Plantation, 229.
Queens County (N. Y.), 381.
Queenston, 265.
Queenston Heights, 258.
Queenstown, 159, 160, 190.
RAFFEIX, Father Peter, 260, 261.
Raisin River, 87.
Ransom, Amasa, 366.
Ransom, Captain, 194.
Ransom, Doctor, 60.
Ransom, Elias, 413.
Rathbun, Benjamin, 181, 384, 386,
387.
Rea, Alexander, 100.
Recollects, The two, 279, 284, 287.
Record Book, First Buffalo School,
412.
Red House, The, 191.
Red Jacket, 13, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88,
89.147,175.188,334,335.349.
351, 352, 353, 354, 363, 37*-
Red Jacket’s Grave and Gravestone,
74, 75-
Reed, Colonel, 236, 250.
Reed’s Elevator, 169.
Rees, David, 175, 198.
“ Relations, The French,” 21, 28.
Remington, Rev. James, 389.
Piall, Major-General, 195, 197.
Ribourde, Gabriel de la, 276, 278.
Rice & Clary, 414.
Rich, Edward S., 132.
Richardson, Dr., 33.
Richmond, Frederick, 377.
“ Ride to Niagara,” 96.
Rindskopf, Louis, 293.
Ripley, General, 200, 201, 203, 204,
206, 207, 208.
Riviere aux Boeufs, 28, 32, 34.
Roanoke River, 32.
Robie, Rev. John E., 193.
Robinson, Alanson, 412.
Rochester, 171, 384.
Rogers, Henry W., 132, 133, 137.
Roman Catholic Cemeteries, 71.
Rome (N. Y.), 5.
Roop, Henry, 177, 199.
Roop, John, 199.
Root, Erastus, 381.
Root, Henry, 422.
Rosebury, Michael, 221.
Rosenau, David, 299.
Rosenau, Salomon, 299.
Ross, Captain, 27, 33.
Rouen (Frasier), 254.
Rough, Capt. James, 56, 57, 106,
108.
Rough’s Epitaph, 57.
Ruggles, Hon. Samuel B., 399.
Russell, Samuel, 377.
Ryan, Ebenezer and James, 27.
SAGINAW Bay, 283.
Salisbury, Guy H., 40, 133,	I34>
389-
Salisbury, Hezekiah A., 139.
Salt Springs or Licks, 25, 26, 30, 31,
33, 4L 42
Salt Transportation, Early, 94.
Sandusky Bay, 111.
Sandusky, Lower, (Fremont,) I55>
158.
Sandy Town, 65, 365, 366.
San Francisco, Cal., 295.
Saunders, Captain, 66, 193.
Saut Sainte Marie, 286.
Scammel, Colonel, 250.
Schenectady, 163, 313, 375.
Schenectady Boat, 159.
Schlosser, 94, 153, 154, 159, 163,
375.
Schoharrie, N. Y. (Schoharra), 96,
221.
Schoolcraft, 83, 263.
Schoolhouse, No. 8 (Buffalo), 425.
Scio, Island of, 315.
Scott, General Winfield, 93, 189, 200,
203.
Searle, Rev. Addison, 125, 315.
Seely, Lieut. John, 194, 195, 196.
Seeley Tavern, 308.
Seixas, A. B., 314, 322.
Seneca Castle, 241.
Seneca Chief, The, (Canal Boat) 384.
Seneca Lake, 239, 246.
Seneca Oil (Petroleum), 347.
Seneca Mission, The, 37.
Seneca Reservation, The, 101, 309.
Seneca River, The, 159.
Senecas, The, 12, 13, 17, 21, 23, 24,
39, 82, 83, 85, 88, 99, 187, 254,
255, 258, 259, 261, 262, 269, 272,
273, 274, 277, 306, 334C367.
Senecas, River of the, (Genesee
River,) 270.INDEX.
XVII.
Seneca Tongue, The, 22, 24, 39.
Seneca Village, The, 260, 277, 339.
Seneca White, 86, 148, 349.
Sever, Nathaniel W., 435.
Sheenwater, 325.
Sheldon, Alexander J., 22.
Sheldon, James, 180, 332, 477.
Sheldon, Hon. James, 332, 373.
“Sheldon Place,” The, 50.
Shelton, Rev. William, D. D., 62,
125, 133.
Sherman, Billa, 435.
Sherwood Family, 63.
Sherwood Tavern, 63.
Sherwood, Mrs. Merrill B., 177.
Shipping at Buffalo in 1825, 146.
Shire, Daniel, 297, 300.
Shotts’ Corps (Sullivan’s Expedition),
250.
Shreve, Colonel, 234, 250.
Shumway, Horatio, 421, 422, 423.
Sidway, Mrs. Parnell, 177, 410.
Sill, Nathaniel, 99, 101.
Sill, Thompson & Co., 164, 365.
Sinzheimer, Hirsch, 292, 296.
Six Nations (Iroquois), The, 5, 6, 12,
17, 18, 20, 23, 82, 186, 188, 334,
378.
Skaats, John E., 378.
Slade, Harry, 357.
Slatky, Rev. Isaac M., 295 to 297.
Sloan, Captain James, 93, 96f 97,
^ 177, 190.
Slosson’s Farm, 346.
Smith, Mrs. A. M. C., 177.
Smith, Amos, 377.
Smith, Gerrit, 313.
Smith, Isaac S., 314.
Smith, Luman, 177.
Smith, Peter, 313, 314, 324.
Smith, Sheldon, 385.
Smith, Thomas J., 177.
Smoke, Old, 40.
Smoke’s Creek, 40.
Smyth, General Alexander, 67, 190,
191, 192.
Snake Hill, 201, 203.
Soldiers’ Burial Places, 64.
Somerset, Pa., 389.
Southampton Co., 32.
South Bend, Indiana, 29.
Spafford’s Gazetteer, 112, 306.
Spalding, Captain, 229.
Sparks’ Life of La Salle, 264.
Spaulding, Elbridge G., 63.
Spencer, Colonel, 250.
Spencer, John C., 381.
Sprague. Noah P., 419.
Squaw Island, 103, 104, 189, 192,
. 201, 253, 275.
Squier, Rev. Miles P., 124, 383.
Standing Stone Boitom, 229.
Stannard, Asa, 107.
Stannard, Walter W., 107.
State Reservation Line (N. Y..), 97.
Steadman Farm, 18, 162.
Steep Rock, 368, 369.
Steele, Oliver G., 131, 135, 405, 419,
422, 427,H33.
Steele, Mrs. O. G., 177, 196.
Steele, Seth, 412.
Sterling, Ambrose S., 388.
Sterling, Mrs. Julia M., 388.
Stettenbenz, Mr., 89.
Stevens, Apollos, 163.
Stevens, James, 208.
Stevens, Mrs. Lewis, 177. -
Stevenson, Chief, 87, 349.
Stevenson, James, 371.
Stewart, E. H., 211. 213, 215.
Stone, Col. Wm. L., 364.
Stony Point, 224.
Storrs (Juba) & Co., 68, 376.
Storrs, Lucius, 50, 177, 422.
Storrs, Mrs. Lucius, 177.
Story, Rev. Mr., 182.
Strass, Abraham, 292.
Strass, Albert, 296.
Strass, Joseph E., 291, 292, 298, 299,
300.
Strauss, Emanuel, 292.
Strauss, Jacob, 296.
Stone’s Life of Brant, 364.
Street’s Mills at Niagara Falls, 96.
Strong, Captain, 161, 357.
Strong, Levi, 435.
Strong, Nathaniel T., 38 to 42.
Strong, Timothy, 199.
Stroud, Mr., 394.
Sturgeon, Mr., 412.
Sturgeon Point, 140, 186.
Subscribers for first School-house in
Buffalo, 435.
Suffield, Conn., 375.
Sulphur Springs (near Buffalo), 25, 39.
Sullivan, General, 217 to 252.
Sullivan’s Expedition in 1779, 18,
154, 155,217 to 252.
Sulpitians, Dollier and Gallinee, 269.
Sunbury, Pa., 224.
Superior, The Steamboat, 146, 147,
167, 168, 380, 386.XV111.
INDEX.
Superior, The Canal Boat, 385.
Superintendent of Buffalo Schools,
The first, 418. .
Survey of Buffalo Village plot (1804),
161.
Suspension Bridge, The, 265.
Susquehanna River, The, 220 to 229.
Sweatland, Luke, 240.
Sweeny, James, 332.
Swift, Colonel, 186.
Syracuse, 34.
St. Clair, General, 156.
St. Clair, Lake, 282.
St. Clair, River, 282, 283.
St. James Mission, 261.
St. John, Gamaliel, 52, 103, 104, 376,
410.
St. John, Le Grand, 177.
St. John, Ezra, 377.
St. John, Mrs., 198, 405.
St. Joseph’s College, 64, 95.
St. Lawrence River, 25, 153, 158,
256, 262, 277.
St. Louis Cathedral, 126.
St. Michael’s Mission, 261.
St. Paul’s Episcopal Church, 315-
TAN ALLEY (Carroll St.), 416.
Tanner, James, 307, 310.
Tatman, Adjutant, 199.
Taylor, President Zachary, 389.
Te Deum, The, 254, 258, 274, 283.
Temple Beth Zion, 73, 298. 299, 300,
302.
Tennessee River, 31.
Terrace, The, 9, 51, 64, 65, 95, 186,
187, 427, 429.
Thompson, Harry, 169, 177.
Thompson, Sheldon, 169.
Thayer, Isaac, 179, 180.
Thayer, Israel, 180.
Thayer, Nelson,' 179, 180.
Thayer Tavern, 92.
Thayers, The Three, 115, 121.
Thirty-Mile Point, 270.
Thora, The Jewish, 296.
Three River Point, 159.
Thunder Bay Islands, 283.
Tioga (Tiago), 225, 229, 230, 231,
233, 238, 240, 241, 249.
Tioga River, 229.
Toledo, 154.
Tommy Jemmy, 83, 335, 352, 371-
Tompkins, Fort, 187, 190, 193, *95-
Tonawanda, 305, 312, 313, 317, 323>
409.
Tonawanda Creek, 264.
Tonawanda Indian Village, 340;
Tonawanda Reservation, The, 309.
Tonti (Tonty), 269, 270, 271, 272,
273, 275i 279. 281, 286.
“Tontine,” System, The, 255.
Tonty, Chevalier Henry de, 255, 270.
Toronto (Little York), 109, 257.
Tower, John, 190.
Townsend, Charles, 369, 375, 377,
379.
Townsend & Coit, 369.
Townsend Hall, 172, 292.
Towson, Captain (Major), 201, 203,
207.
Tracy, Albert H., 421, 423.
Transportation,Early,—in New York
State, 159.
Triangle, The, (Erie County), 19.
Trimble, Major, 203.
Triskett, John, 199.
Trowbridge, D. J., 422.
Trowbridge, Dr. Josiah, 105.
True Sisters, The Society of, 302.
Tryon County, 19.
Tryon, Governor, 19.
Tucker, Colonel, 202.
Tupper, Judge Samuel, 158, 197.
Turner’s History of the Holland Pur-
chase, 389.
Tuscarora Indians, 245, 367.
Two-Guns, Deacon, 86, 349.
Tyamocktee Creek, 155, 156.
Tyler, President John, 389.
UNION College, 313.
Union of American Hebrew Con-
gregations, 302.
Unitarian Church, Buffalo, 408.
Universalist Society, Buffalo, 414.
University of Buffalo, 358, 417.
Upper Canada, 139.
Upper Lakes, The, 255, 263.
Urbana, Ohio, 32.
Utica, City of, 115.
U tica Bank (Canandaigua Branch of),
348.
VAN BUREN, Martin (Ex-Presi-
dent), 23.
Van Rensselaer, Mr., 112.
Van Rensselaer, Major-Gen.Stephen,
187, 190..
Van Rensselaer, General Solomon,
158.
Vaudreuil, M. de, 34.INDEX.
XIX.
Veedersburgh (Amsterdam), N. Y., 8.
Virginia, State of, 394.
Yosburgh, Nathaniel, 181, 386, 422.
WABASH River, 158.
Wadsworth, Brig.-General William,
187.
Waite, Charles H., 325.
Wakelee, Mr., 332.
Walden, Ebenezer, 54, 198, 200,
377, 383.
Walden, Mrs. Ebenezer, 177.
Walden & Potter, 200.
Walden’s Hill, 346.
Walker, E. H., 402.
Walk-in-the-Water, The, 167, 365,
380.
Wall, Marcus, 298, 299.
Walton, (Jonathan) & Co., 163.
Walworth, Reuben H., 180.
Warden —, 33.
War of 1812, The, 165.
Warner, Leopold, 299.
Warren, Joseph, 132.
Warren, Mr., 97.
Warren, Colonel, I92.
Warner, Mrs. Dr. N. H., 177.
Washington Block, The, 50.
Washington, General George, 7, 12,
14, 18, 95, 242, 246.
Washington Island, 286.
Washington Market, 425.
Washington, The (First American
vessel on Lake Erie), 160.
Waterloo (Canada), 97, 187, 192.
Waters, Mr., 50.
Watts, Lieutenant, 189.
Waupun, Wis., 291.
Wayne, General, 27, 156, 157, 158,
224.
Wayne County, 159.
Webster, George B., 54.
Weed’s Block, 331.
Weed’s Hardware Store, 370.
Weed, Mrs. Louisa M., 177.
Weil, Moritz, 292, 296.
Weil, Simon, 299.
Weiss, Marcus, 299.
Wells, Captain, 186.
Wells, Charles C., 199.
Wells, Joseph, 435.
Wells, William, 177.
Western Hotel, The, 187.
Western Savings Bank, 136.
West Indies, 306.
Westover Papers, The, 32.
Wheeling (Virginia), 31.
White, Dr. James P., 119, 132, 133.
White Woman, The, 89.
Whiting, Samuel, 410.
Whitney, Eli, 392.
Wiener, Mathilda, 300.
Wilber, William, 199.
Wilcox, Birdseye, 58.
Wilgus. Nathaniel, 179, 422.
Williams, Captain, 203, 204.
Williams, Elisha, 381.
Williamson, Hon. Joseph, 217.
Williamsville, 68, 96, 200, 206, 346.
Willink, Town of, 19.
Wilkeson, John, 331.
Wilkeson, Samuel, 52, 170, 182, 377,
379.382.
Wilkinson, General James, 158.
Winder, Colonel, 191.
Wind-gap, The, 217.
Windmill Point, 95.
Wmdnecker, Mr., 97.
Windsor, Conn., 374.
Wintermute Place, The, 341.
Wise, Rev. Dr., 298, 300.
Wisconsin, State of, .171.
Wood Creek, 159, 163, 375.
Wormwood, Henry, 369,
Worth, General, 352.
Wright, Rev. Asher, 22, 23.
Wyoming, 86, 218 to 250 (Sullivan’s
Expedition), 364.
Wyoming County, 101. 436.
YATES, John B., 313, 324.
Yates & McIntyre, 324.
Young King, 86, 87, 88, 147, t94.
367, 371.	.
Young Men’s Association, 135, 13b*
Young, Mrs. Foster, 177.
Young, William F., 177*
ZANESVILLE (Ohio), 27, 29.INDIAN NAMES
NOT IN THE GENERAL INDEX.
ACK-GOU-E-ACK GOU, the bea-
ver, 21.
Ah-ta-gis, the doctor, 335.
Anyayea, a Town and Lake, 242.
CANNANDAQUAH (Kan—) a
Town and Lake, 241, 242, 245.
Candaia (Appletown), a Village, 240.
Chemoung (Shemung, &c.), a Town,
230, 235, 238, 249.
Chenesee, a River and Flats (Gene-
see), 242 to 245.
Choconant, a Town, 233.
Corcargonett, a Capital Town, 248.
Cnshnah, bark, 24.
D AS-SHO-WA, basswood clustering,
39> 40.
De-gi-yah-goh, the buffalo, 39, 40,
De-ya-oh, a cluster, 39.
De ya-oh-sa-oh (see Das-sho-wa), 39.
De-ya-ooh-sa-oh (see Das-sho-wa),
40.
Dos-sho-wa (see Das-sho-wa), 39.
Do-syo-wa, abounding in bassivoods,
37.
Do-yo-wa (pron. Do-sh-wa or Da-
sha-ho, see Das-sho-wa), 22.
ERIE, cat, 28.
G A-AN-N A-D A-D AH, Slate-stone
Bottom Creek, 40.
Ga-gah-doh-ga, White Oak Creek, 40.
Gaghehegualahate, a River, 243, 244.
Gagssonghgwa, a Lake, 241.
Gai-wi-u, ((Rev. A. Wright), 23,
Ga-i-wi-yu, j 24.
Gannojon, wonderful, 277,
Ga-no-oh, difficult or extraordinary,
278.
Ga-ya-gua-doh, Smoke-is-lost (a Chief)
40.
HOCHITAGON, W-/^?/(La Salle)
274.
Hon-non-de-uh (Chief N. T. Strong),
38.
Honyose (an Oneida Indian), 245.
KAH-KWAHS, The, see Neuter
Nation, 43, 82.
Kaiyuga, a Settlement (Cayuga), 246.
Kaiyugea, a River (Cayuga), 238.
Kannadasaga (—gea), a Town, 241,
246.
Kaneysas or Yucksea, (a Town,
Kanigsas or Chocksett, j 242, 245.
Kannawalohalla, a Town, 238.
Kauquatau, a Squaw’s name, 335
Ki-eu-wa-na (Wm. Ketchum), 24.
Iviskakons (Hurons), 285.
LACHAWANUNCH(-ck), a Set-
tlement and Stream (Lackawanna),
224, 226.
MACKTOWANUCK.an old ruined
town, 232.
Meshopping, a River, 227.
Minisings, a Settlement, 225.
NA-GA-NIA-GOH, beaver creek, 42.
Ni-a-oua, an exclamation of appro-
val, 262.
O-DO-SOTE, spring, 42.
O-ge-ma (Alex. J. Sheldon), 4, 22, 24
O-ji-ka-toh, salt, 42.
Onnontio, a French Governor’s In-
dian name, 262.
0-oh-sah,or Oo-sah, basswood, 37, 39.
Ot-kon, penetrating minds, 274.
O-shoh, “ lickf 42.
Owagea, a Town (Owego), 233.
QUILUTIMACK. a Settlement,
226.
SAGOYEWATHA (Red Jacket),
335-
Shaiyus, large falls, a Settlement,
241.
Sheshekonunck, a River Meadow,
229.
Skannayutenates, a Town, 247.
So-ongise (Chief Tommy Jemmy),
335-
Swanyawanali, a Town, 247.INDEX.
XXI.
TAGARONDIES, the great Seneca
Village, 260, 269.
Tai-ai-a-gon, an Iroquois village, 257.
Tanckhannanck (Tunkhannuck), a
Stream, 218, 227.
Te-ge-yoh-ga,/A* buffalo, 141.
Tehosororan (Buffalo Creek), 6, 7.
Te-osah-way, place of basswood, 20,
24.
Te-yu-shu-wa (Buffalo), 140.
Tick-e-ack-gou, the buffalo, 21.
Tick-e-ack-gou-ga (Buffalo Village),
24-
Tick-e-ack-gou-ga-ha-unda (Buffalo
Creek), 20, 24.
Ti-yoos-yo-wa, at the place which
abounds with basswoods, 37.
Ti-yu-syo-wa, at the place of bass-
woods, 23.
Tobehanah, a Stream, 218.
To-se-o-way (Buffalo Creek), 22.
Tushua or Dushua, place of peeled
basstvoods (see Te-osa-way), 4, 5.
Tushuway or Desoway (see Tush-
ua), 6.
Tu-shu-way (see Te-osah-way), 23.
WES AW KING, a Stream, 229.
Wyalusing, an old Indian Town,
227, 228.PROSPECTUS
PRESENTED TO THE
BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY,
FOR THE PUBLICA TION OF ITS COLLECTIONS.
The undersigned propose to publish, by subscription, a selection from the historical doc-
uments and papers communicated to, or read before, the Buffalo Historical Society, since
its organization in 1862.
They will be arranged, revised and edited under the direction of the Publication Com-
mittee of the Society.
They will be issued as nearly as possible at regular monthly intervals, in pamphlet form,
of about 35 pages each; printed from clear type, on fine paper.
They will be consecutively paged, so as to be bound in a volume of not less than 400
pages, at the end of the year. A title page and index will be furnished with the last num-
ber of the volume.
The publication will be continued from year to year, so long as satisfactory material and
sufficient encouragement are afforded.
The subscription price will be 25 cents a number, payable on delivery.
The first number will be issued as soon as a satisfactory list of subscribers, for the year
1879, is obtained.
BIGELOW BROTHERS, Publishers,
60, 62 and b4 Pearl Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
The undersigned, Committee on Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, would
cordially recommend to its members and patrons, and the citizens of Buffalo generally, the
proposition of Messrs. Bigelow Brothers, as contained in the foregoing prospectus.
The Society has in its archives a large number of original manuscripts of general and
local interest, the publication of which has been omitted for want of funds.
The proposition of Messrs. Bigelow Brothers, while it provides for their publication, in-
volves no draft upon the treasury of the Society. They place the enterprise under its di-
rection, and furnish it with the means of making exchanges with sister Institutions.
It is hoped that all of the members and others interested, will respond to the circular by
a liberal subscription.
O. H. MARSHALL, )
E. S. HAWLEY, >• Publication Committee.
A. T. CHESTER, )
Buffalo, February 24, i8jq.
This volume is published according to the above Prospectus, under the
editorial supervision of Rev. Albert Bigelow, Corresponding Secretary and
Librarian.OFFICERS OF THE
BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY
1879.
President,
Vice-President,
Recording Secretary,
Corresponding Secretary,
Librarian,
Treasurer,
WM. H. H. NEWMAN.
HON. JAMES M. SMITH.
WM. C. BRYANT.
To April i, DR. G. S. ARMSTRONG,
From April i, REV. ALBERT BIGELOW.
E. P. Dorr,
Hon. James Sheldon,
Rev. A. T. Chester, D
COUNCILORS:
Warren Bryant,
O.G. Steele,
D., O. H. Marshall,
Wm. Hodge,
Thomas B. French,
Elias S. Hawley.
Pub lie a tion Co m m i ttee,
O. H. Marshall,
E. S. Hawley,
A T. Chester, D. D.
Wm. C. Bryant, (Appointed July 8th.)EDITOR’S PREFACE.
To promote the completeness of this volume, the editor has
marked the following points for notice, by way of preface.
1.	As will be obvious to all, this is, mainly, a volume about
Buffaloj and suitably, as an initial volume, considering the
object and name of the Society whose “ Publications ” it con-
tains. Yet, The Voyage of the Griffon and Major Norris’ Jour-
nal indicate the wider range which the papers in the Society’s
archives, and those to be communicated, assume.
2.	The Index, upon which great labor and care have been
expended, has been prepared less as a help towards finding
prominent topics, than as a guide to, and reminder of, even the
most slightly mentioned ones. Some may think it needlessly
minute. But a good authority has said, “ An index cannot be
too full or particular;” and even to err is better in this direc-
tion than in the other. This one is intended not only to answer
questions, but to start them; to provoke inquiry, and stimulate
investigation; and thus even the obscurest name may become
useful and valuable, as well as interesting. It is hoped that
this index of nearly sixteen hundred titles may be found to
serve this purpose well. Instances of omission are, however,
observable. A few are inadvertent; the greater number inten-
tional, and will be found in the remarkable “ proclamation ” ofXXVI.
editor’s preface.
Major Noah, pp. 315 to 322. Let it not be thought strange,
however, if before such an array of names, encircling the whole
world, even editorial patience and perseverance quailed.
3.	By way of corrections, the following may be noted: Colonel
Bird mentioned on page 32 is by mistake indexed as Colonel
Wm. A. Bird. The two belong to quite different periods of
time. A competent investigator also finds the first Roman
Catholic minister in Buffalo to have been, not Father Pax, as
stated by Dr. Lord from his recollection (page 125), but a
Father Maertz. Nothing further in the statement concerning
Father Pax requires change or abatement. The Rev. Mr.
Squires mentioned at page 383 is in fact the Rev. Miles P.
Squier described at page 124; at page 177 the name of Mrs.
Sidway should be “Parnell,” instead of “Pamelia;” at page 180
that of Mr. Lee should be R. “ Hargreave,” instead of “ Har-
grave;” and at page 281 “Bois Black” should read “Bois
Blanc.” These will be found correctly indexed.
In the later numbers, as issued from month to month, the
dates of death of deceased writers, were given in notes. Those
whose papers were printed before this was done, were Hon.
Millard Fillmore, who died March 8, 1875; William Ketchum,
who died October 1, 1876; and Rev. John C. Lord, D. D., who
died January 21, 1877.
4.	Items of addition are the following: Concerning the relic
of Farmer’s Brother’s coffin, mentioned at page 52 as a tablet,
and stated to have been lost, it is gratifying to report, that since
that page was printed the article has been discovered, and is
now safely in its right place in the Society’s Cabinet.editor’s preface.	xxvii.
The original manuscript of the Ballad of the Three Thayers,
page 122, is in the possession of a lady of this city, and will
doubtless eventually find its home in the Society’s Cabinet.
In a very full list of Journals of Sullivan’s Expedition, just
received from General John S. Clark of Auburn, N. Y., who has
copies already of twenty-three, are found one by the Lieutenant-
Colonel Dearborn mentioned pp. 221, 224 and 246, and one by
Captain Benjamin Lodge, mentioned at page 234 as Mr. Lodge.
Concerning the latter, it is stated that he “ was in charge of a
party that accompanied the army from Easton, and with com-
pass and chain surveyed the entire route to the Genesee river.
On the return march, commencing at Kanadaseaga, the party
accompanied Colonel Butler, and made a like survey along the
east side of Cayuga lake, connecting with the main line, near
the present Horseheads. But one section of the map has been
found, and that was among the papers of Captain Machin, an
artillery officer. The original is now in the hands of J. R.
Symms [Simms], Esq., Fort Plain, N. Y. Several parties have
photographic copies. This section extends north of Tioga
point, and west as far as Kanadaseaga.”
In a note to an account of a Journal by Lieutenant and Cap-
tain Charles Nukerck, General Clark mentions a “ drawing of
the Order of March ” of Sullivan’s Army (referred to in this
volume, page 218, note), and states that it was at one time con-
tained in Nukerck’s Journal, but is now missing; having been,
probably, on a final leaf, which has disappeared from an “ other-
wise perfect work.”xxviii.	editor’s preface. •
With the hope that this volume will be read with pleasure
equal to that enjoyed in its preparation, and that it will tend
to keep alive, increase and intensify the historic spirit, on the
part of our citizens, and of all readers, it is now submitted to
its patrons, and the public.
A. B.INAUGURAL ADDRESS
OF THE
HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
DELIVERED AT AMERICAN HALL, JULY I, 1862.
Gentlemen of the Buffalo Historical Society :
When men erect a statue to commemorate the virtues of
some distinguished civilian, or the heroism and gallantry of
some great warrior, they inaugurate it with all due ceremony;
and so a newly elected President, before he enters upon his
term of office, is usually inaugurated with great pomp and cere-
mony; and he generally indicates in an address the policy
which he intends to pursue in administering the government.
We cannot think of comparing this infant Society, which has
yet to win its fame, with such august events. Nevertheless,
the “ Buffalo Historical Society ” having been organized,
it seems fit and proper that it should be inaugurated; and we
have met this evening for that purpose.
But the question is generally asked, why establish an His-
torical Society in Buffalo? We all know its history and that of
the surrounding country. The town itself—as village and
city—is scarcely older than its oldest inhabitant, and the whole
of Western New York has been settled within the memory of
men now living; and we can, therefore, learn its history by2
IN A UGURAL ANDRESS OF
talking with our neighbors. Such persons may say, that we do-
not require historical records to tell us all that we desire to
know of the city and its inhabitants.
I grant that this may be true of some of this generation, but
certainly not of all. Even now the inquisitive mind wishes to
know a thousand things connected with the origin and expan-
sion of this great city, and the labors of its enterprising in-
habitants, of which he can find no authentic record. But even if
all its present inhabitants knew, by tradition or actual observa-
tion, everything connected with the commencement and growth
of this city, and the men who have acted a distinguished part on
its theatre, still this historical association would be necessary..
It must be borne in mind, that its labors are not for the pres-
ent generation merely, or chiefly, but rather for posterity.
“ The object of this Society,” as expressed in its Constitution,
“is to discover, procure and preserve whatever may relate to
the history of Western New York, in general, and the city of
Buffalo in particular.” It is, therefore, apparent that the ob-
ject of this Society is not the study of history, either ancient
or modern, general or local, or the formation of a library for
that purpose; but its chief object is to collect and preserve the
materials of history relating to Western New York, and espe-
cially to Buffalo, for future reference and use. Those who
would learn the history of nations which have arisen, flourished
and passed away, leaving nothing but a name, and the records
and monuments of their works, to tell that they ever existed,
and those who would trace the origin and history of the na-
tions among which the earth is now divided, must seek that
information from other sources than this Society. Its object
is not to teach, but to preserve history. And it is certainly a
grateful task to commemorate the virtues of those who have
built up this city and its noble institutions, and to be sure that
their names shall not be forgotten. Now is the time to pho-
tograph their characters in all the lineaments of active life,
that the generations who shall come after us may see them asTHE HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
3
we have seen them, and be stimulated to emulate their virtues,
and if possible rival their enterprise.
The history of a eity like this, naturally divides itself into
two parts—material and personal; and the combination of
these in due proportion constitutes its history. The material
is first and most enduring; but the personal, which sketches
individual life, and social, religious, charitable and political
combinations, is much the most interesting; though the actors,
like those in the theatre, appear upon the stage but to perform
the part assigned them by Providence in the great drama of
life, and then pass from our view forever; but their works, ma-
terial and moral, remain to bless or curse mankind, as they-
have been good or evil.
I am sure it cannot be that any of us know all of Buffalo*
which we ought; and if we neglect our duty, posterity will
know much less than we do. Buffalo ! Is it not a strange
name for a city ? To our ears it is familiar, indicating only the
name of a pleasant and beautiful city. But a foreigner, when
you say you are from Buffalo, looks at you as though he thought
the inhabitants of the place where you reside were buffalos,
and you unavoidably feel that you would be glad to give some
reason why this singular name has been attached to your place
of residence. But who among us can tell ? I am sure I can-
not. I do not mean to say that it is difficult to ascertain how
the city came by this name, for it is manifest that it took its,
name from the creek. But the question is, why was this stream
that runs through our city called “Buffalo creek,” and when
and by whom was it thus christened ? To this question I con-
fess that I have never seen any satisfactory answer. I have
never seen any reliable statement that the buffalo in his wild
state was ever found in Western New York. I believe that his
native haunt was the great prairies of the West, and nowhere
else on this Continent. It is true that early French travelers
have spoken of seeing “wild cows,” especially in the northern
part of the state; but it is evident to my mind from their de-4
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF
.scription, when they give any, that they meant either the
moose or the elk. It is clear, then, that this name could not
have arisen from the fact that this locality was once the haunt
of the wild buffalo.
About 1845, the question of the origin of this name for the
creek was considerably discussed in the papers of this city. It
seemed to be conceded by all those who professed to under-
stand the Indian language, that it was not a translation of any
Indian name for the creek; for, so far as appears, they had
none, but called the place at or near the mouth of the creek,
“Tush-ua” or “Dush-ua,” which all agree meant the place of
' the “peeled bass-woods;” so that we cannot trace this name to
an aboriginal origin.
The first historians after the dark or middle ages, had ap-
parently no difficulty in accounting for the origin of nations
and cities and their names. For we are informed by an histo-
rian (Buckle’s “History of Civilization,” vol. i, pp. 224-5)
great research, that “it was believed by every people that they
were directly descended from ancestors who had been present
at the siege of Troy. That was a proposition which no one
thought of doubting. The only question was as to the details
of such lineage. On this, however, there was a certain unanim-
ity of opinion; since, not to mention inferior countries, it
was admitted the French were descended from Francus, whom
•everybody knew to be the son of Hector; and it was also
known that the Britons came from Brutus, whose father was no
other than H^neas himself. They say that the capital of France
was called after Paris, the son of Priam, because he fled.there
when Troy was overthrown'; and that the city of Troyes was
actually built by the Trojans, as the etymology of its name
clearly proves.”
Could I yield my convictions to fables like these, I might *
give credence to the story told in a paper called the Pilot,
printed in this city, July 16th, 1845, in which an anonymous
writer, signing himself O-ge-ma, tells a fanciful story aboutTHE HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
5
some unknown vand unnamed missionaries who camped near
the mouth of the creek in a state of starvation, and sent out
their hunters for game, who killed a horse belonging to the In-
dians, and served it up to the famishing missionaries as buffalo
meat, and hence they called the stream “ Buffalo creek.” But
I confess that this story, like those of the historians of France
and England, appears too mythical to deserve any serious at-
tention at the hands of the historian, and I fear that I am des-
tined to pass down to the grave, without seeing the mystery
explained of the origin of the name of “ Buffalo creek,” or
when, or where, or by whom it was first applied to this stream.
But, having made this frank confession of my ignorance and
despair, I trust that I shall be pardoned in offering a conject-
ure as to the probable origin of this name. I have searched
the Indian treaties, and the public documents published by
Congress and the State Legislature, and such books and maps
as I have been able to find, and as far as my research extends,
the name of “Buffalo creek” is first found in the first treaty
made by the United States with the Six Nations of Indians
who were the owners and occupants of Western New York.
This treaty was made at Fort Stanwix (now Rome), on Octo-
ber 22d, 1784, immediately after the close of the Revolutionary
war, at which time the whole country west of Utica was one
unbroken wilderness. The military posts of Oswego, Niagara,
Detroit and Mackinaw, were then, and for more than ten years
afterwards, in the occupation of the British troops. Little or
nothing was known of this particular locality. The course of
trade with the Indians, was along the shore of Lake Ontario,
and up Niagara river, and thence through Lake Erie, general-
ly along the north shore, as being the shortest route to Detroit,
and so on west; and, consequently, the traders had little or no
inducement (as the military post at the upper end of Niagara
river was at Fort Erie) to stop here; and if the creek had an
Indian name it has not come down to us as distinct from the
placp of “peeled bass-woods.” Who acted as scribe or inter-•6
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF
preter at the council which formed that treaty, we know not, as
.all the minutes of its proceedings have been lost, and nothing
but the treaty itself remains to explain what was done.
The chief object of the treaty seems to have been to fix the
western boundary of the lands belonging to the Six Nations,
and this place was made a point from which a line was to be
run due south to the north line of Pennsylvania, as the western
boundary of the Six Nations, and this locality was described in
the treaty .as “ Tehosor or an or Buff aloe Creek.” Now it is ap-
parent that “ Tehosororan ” was intended to be what the Indi-
ans here call “ Tushitway or Desoway,” and the marked differ-
ence of spelling shows the bungling manner in which the inter-
preter spoke the Indian language, or the stupidity of the scribe
in writing it down. This mistake in the Indian name may also
prepare us to look out for a mistake in the English name, for
it can hardly be supposed that an Indian interpreter spoke Eng-
lish better than Indian, and it therefore might naturally hap-
pen that a stupid scribe did not readily distinguish between
the word “beaver ” and “buffalo,” especially when spoken by
•one who could not speak the English language plainly. I
strongly suspect that the interpreter meant to say Beaver
creek, but not speaking the language well, the scribe under-
stood him “Buffalo creek,” and so wrote it down, and inserted
it in the treaty. But you naturally ask why I suspect this mis-
take. I will tell you why. It does not appear that there was
ever a buffalo here, and therefore there was nothing to suggest
that name for the creek. The Indians never spoke of buffalos,
as I can find, in all their communications to the colonial au-
thorities of New York, but they seemed to be most anxious
about their “beaver hunting groundsThey had no Buffalo
tribe, but they had a Beaver tribe, and it is far more probable
that beavers were found on this creek than buffalos.
This suspicion is very much strengthened, if not confirmed,
by the fact that Corn Planter, a very intelligent Indian chief,
who was present at Fort Stanwix when this treaty was made,THE HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
7
•six years afterwards, in 1790, appealed to President Washing-
ton for relief on behalf of the Indians, and, in speaking of this
treaty, he said: “You told us that the line drawn from Penn-
sylvania to Lake Ontario would mark it forever on the east, and
that the line running from Beaver creek would mark it on the
west, and we see that it is not so.” (I. American State Papers,
Indian Affairs, p. 207.)
Thus, I say, it seems probable that the same blundering
stupidity which converted Tushua into Tehosororan, changed
Beaver into Buffalo, and that this was the time, place and man-
ner in which this stream received the name of “ Buffalo creek.”
But the question may be asked: “ Why, if this mistake was
made, was it not corrected ? ” How could it be ? The Indians
were too ignorant of letters to know that any mistake had been
made, as is evident from the fact that Corn Planter called it
Beaver creek six years afterwards, and the ignorance of the
whites as to the true name precluded all possibility of correct-
ing the mistake at that time; and the natural course of events
soon fixed it beyond the power of correction, for the treaty was
published as a law, and sent all over the country; but Corn
Planter’s address to President Washington was probably not
published till forty years afterwards. Thus you will perceive,
if my conjecture be correct, that Fort Stanwix was.the place,
and the making of the treaty of 1784, the occasion, for christ-
ening Buffalo creek, whether the god-fathers who assisted on
that occasion, mistook the intended name or not. There the
name originated, and there it was first applied. But I concede
that this is only a conjecture; and the most that I can hope is,
that it will stimulate some member of the Society, fond of anti-
quarian research, to pursue this investigation, and, if possible,
either confirm or explode this theory, and settle the true origin
of the name of Buffalo upon a firm, historical basis.
But I beg of you, gentlemen, not to infer from anything
which I have said that I do not like the name of Buffalo. How-
over it may sound to foreign ears, to me it signifies everything8
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF
which I love and admire in a city, beautiful, clean, healthy,
warm in winter and cool in summer; but, above all, it is my
home, and the home of the friends I love best, where my days
have been spent, and my bones shall repose.
It is, probably, known to most of you, that three attempts
have been made to fasten the name of Amsterdam upon some
locality in this state. The first was the city of New Yorky
which was called New Amsterdam; and it retained this name
till the jurisdiction passed from Holland to Great Britain in
1664, when it was changed to New York. The second was-
Amsterdam, as the name of a township in Montgomery county,.
in 1793, which name it still retains, as also does the principal
village of the town, formerly called Veedersburgh. The third
and last effort was made here. When the original plot for this
city was surveyed, about 1801 to 1803, the agents of the Hol-
land Land Company, the proprietors of all this region of
country, named this place, on their maps, “New Amsterdam/'
in compliment to the Dutch owners. But it is quite apparent,
that this did not suit the first settlers here. The name of
“ Buffalo Creek ” had then become well established. Congress,,
in 1805, established a collection district here by that name; and
I have seen a letter from Joseph Ellicott, the Holland Land
Company’s local agent, dated August 24th, 1807, in which,,
speaking of the lots of this village, he calls it “ New Amsterdam,.
alias Buffalo.” Thus was the name, probably by some public
act of the inhabitants themselves, transferred from the creek
to the village, and, probably, about this time it became the pop-
ular name of the place. But the first legal recognition which I
find of it, is in the law of the State Legislature, establishing the
county of Niagara, passed March nth ,1808, in which “Buffala
or New Amsterdam” is named as the county seat, on condition
that the Holland Land Company would give land for the public
buildings, and erect the same, which they did.
In 1810, the town of Buffalo was established, and in 1813,
the village of Buffalo was incorporated; but it was burned theTHE HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
9
same year, and was not re-organized till 1815. A new charter
was obtained in 1822, and it was finally incorporated as a city
in 1832, since which time the charter has been frequently
amended so as to include more territory; swallowing up in its
voracious growth the surrounding villages, including its old and
once-formidable rival, Black Rock.
Thus much for the extraordinary name of our city. But even
in this we are not wholly without precedent. Classical history
gives us the name of Bosporus, meaning an ox-passage, for the
narrow strait which separates Asia from Europe; Oxford,, mean-
ing a ford for oxen, is the name of one of the great collegiate
cities of England ; and Berne, the capital of Switzerland, means
bear, and two or three of these uncouth animals are constantly
kept there at the public expense as mementos. When I saw
them, they were in a deep vault or excavation, which was sur-
rounded by a wall, open at the top, and these singular pets
were amusing themselves by climbing a pole in the centre, and
catching fruit thrown to them by the spectators. I trust that
we shall not imitate the Bernese example, by keeping two or
three wild buffalos, for they would be exceedingly inconvenient
where all animals are permitted to run at large.*
But, dismissing this subject, let us turn for a moment to the
original plan of our city, and see how far the design has been
carried out. By looking at an original map you will perceive
that a certain portion of the ground was laid out in small lots,
called “ inner lots,” numbering in all upwards of two hundred;
and outside of these inner lots, larger lots were laid out, called
“ outer lots,” to the number of about one hundred and fifty.
The inner lots were bounded on the north by Chippewa street;
on the south-west by the Terrace; on the east by Ellicott street;
and were evidently intended to be occupied by the dwellings,
stores and shops of the citizens; while the outer lots were in-
tended as pasture-ground for their cattle. But how strangely
* The nuisance here and below so earnestly referred to, has long been abated; and
whatever disorder and uncleanliness may be found in passing through our streets cannot
now be charged upon animals roaming at large.—Ed.IO
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OR
all this has been reversed. We now see the cattle and swine,
which from their numbers apparently came from the surround-
ing country, daily feeding upon or rooting , up the beautiful
grass plots about our houses in the very heart of the city, which
we have taken so much pains to make an attractive ornament
to the town. How our Common Council have been able to
legislate so much with a view of remedying this crying evil,
without apparently producing the least effect, will form an in-
teresting chapter in the future history of the “ mysteries ” of
this city. I hope, for the honor of our city fathers and its po-
lice, as well as for the instruction of posterity, that some Died-
rich Knickerbocker will give it to the world in all its grotesque
significance.
But there is another thing connected with the original plan
of our city, that may not be familiar to all. How many law-
yers in the city, if shown a deed, bounding land on Busti and
Vollenhoveris avenues, could tell where to locate it ? We are a
people fond of novelty, and where we cannot change the thing,
we change the name. This propensity has been singularly ex-
emplified during the present civil war. Ships and forts have
changed their names so often, that, to a stranger, the history of
the war must be a perfect “comedy of errors.” We must not
therefore be surprised to find that the early settlers in Buffalo,
after getting rid of the name of New Amsterdam for their vil-
lage, proceeded to demolish the jaw-breaking names of the
streets, and to substitute more euphonious ones in their places.
Hence they called N. and S. Onondaga, Washington street; N.
and S. Oneida, Ellicott street; Van Staphorst and Willink av-
enues, Main street; N. and S. Cayuga, Pearl street; Tuscarora,
Franklin street; Messisagua, Morgan street; Schimelpenninck
avenue, Niagara street; Stadnitski avenue, Church street; Vol-
lenhoven s avenue, Erie street; Cazenozna avenue, Court street;
and Busti avenue, Genesee street. But I am bound to say that
I regard these as beneficial changes, though the knowledge of
the original names should be preserved to illustrate public rec-THE HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
II
ords and past history. One change, however, was made, for
which there was no necessity, and which I cannot but regret,
viz: that of Crow street to Exchange. Possibly our city
fathers supposed this street had been named after that cun-
ning but troublesome bird whose name it bears; but this, I am
assured, is not so, since the street was named after John Crow,
one of the earliest settlers, who resided on that street, and it is
due to his memory that it should have retained his name.
I shall mention but one other feature in the original plan of
this city, and that is, as you will see by the map, the large
lot No. 104, occupying the whole space on the east side of
Main street, between Eagle and Swan streets, and running
back two-thirds of a mile, containing one hundred acres, and
bounding on Main street with a semi-circle in front of the
Churches.
This boundary would have carried Main street around this
semi-circle, and would thus have enabled the owner to erect
a palace on this semi-circle, from the observatory of which he
could look up and down Main street, down Erie and Church
streets to the lake, and down Niagara street to Black Rock and
Canada. It its said that this magnificent lot was laid out by
Joseph Ellicott for his own use. It was certainly a noble con-
ception, and I cannot but regret that he was not permitted to
carry it out, for the life of a man is nothing in comparison to
the life of a city, and he would soon have passed away, leaving
a splendid building for the display of the fine arts, and a beau-
tiful park in the midst of our city. But the democratic spirit
of the time, which looked not to the future, was naturally jeal-
ous of such a baronial establishment, and cut the beautiful semi-
circle by running Main street through it instead of around it.
Mr. Ellicott,. feeling the indignity, gave up the project, and
never made Buffalo his residence; and this lot was finally divided
by North and South Division streets, and surveyed into small
lots, and sold out to settlers. Thus the last hope for an ex-
tensive park in the midst of our city vanished.12
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF
But, turning from the material history of Buffalo, on which
I have said more than I intended, let us for a moment glance
at its personal history; and here time admonishes me that I
must be brief.
This naturally begins with the red man of the forest. Tra-
dition says that a nation called “ Neuter” once inhabited this
region, occupying a space between the Senecas on the east,
and the Eries or Cat Indians on the west; but which, like the
Eries, was either driven off or exterminated by its more war-
like and powerful neighbors. All that we know of the Neuter
Nation is, perhaps, too vague and shadowy to enter into relia-
ble history. But not so with the Seneca Nation, which suc-
ceeded to the territory of the Neutrals.
The Seneca Nation was the most numerous and powerful of
the Six Nations, and its history may be traced with tolerable
accuracy for near two hundred years. Who has not heard of
Farmer’s Brother, the brave and sagacious warrior, the calm
and judicious statesman, and the eloquent orator ? His resi-
dence was at Farmer’s Point on the Big Buffalo creek, just,
below the railroad bridge. I am told, by those who knew him,,
that in addition to those striking intellectual gifts, which
marked him as one of Nature’s noblemen, he possessed a
gigantic and well proportioned frame, and moved with a ma-
jestic air, which said to all observers that he was born to
command. Though he lacked the cultivation of civilized life,,
and the grace which Christianity alone can bestow, yet, as an
untutored savage, one might look at him, and say to all the
world, “ Every inch a king.”
So of Corn Planter. Though a half-breed, he was an Indian
by education and habit; brave in battle, wise in council, and
firm in purpose; faithful to his friends, and implacable to his
enemies. No man can read his eloquent appeal to President
Washington, in December, 1790, in which he set forth the
wrongs done to his then humbled and supplicating nation,
without feeling that his simple eloquence touches a cord ofTHE HQN. MILLARD FILLMORE.
13
sympathy that vibrates in alternate pity and resentment. His
residence was on a reservation given him by the State of Penn-
sylvania, on the Allegany river; but much of his public life
was spent in attending councils in this vicinity. I saw him
once, an aged man, bending under the weight of ninety years;
yet he brought to my office, in his saddle-bags, all the treaties,
on parchment, with his nation, and spread them out very de-
liberately on the floor; and then, commencing with the first,
he gave me, through an interpreter, a succinct history of each,
and concluded by saying, in his own expressive language, that
the “ Indians were very hungry for their annuities.”
Though there are many others whose biographies should be
preserved by this Society, yet I shall mention but one more,
and that is Red Jacket, the celebrated Indian orator. He lived
and died and was buried in our vicinity. His life has been
written by W. L. Stone, but the book is nearly out of print.
It should be preserved among the archives of this Society.
He was Nature’s orator, and rose by his oratorical powers
alone, from the lowest grade to the rank of chief ; and he ex-
ercised a powerful influence in the councils of his nation.
But his fame, like that of Patrick Henry, must rest mostly on
tradition. His figures of speech were bold, beautiful and
striking; but of course we have only the skeleton of them in
the meagre translation of ignorant interpreters, who were not
skilled either in the Indian or English language. I have often
wished that I understood his language, and could hear him on
some great occasion that called forth his utmost powers, that I
might compare him with some of our own orators whose fame
is destined to live forever.
The first time I saw him-was in this town in 1822. I had
read some of his speeches, heard much of his fame, and I looked
up to him with a kind of juvenile reverence, such as boys are
apt to feel for great men at a distance. I solicited and obtained
an introduction, and he evidently felt flattered by the reveren-
tial awe with which I looked at him, for I could not converse14
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF
with him. He drew himself up with great dignity, and osten-
tatiously pointed to a silver medal suspended upon his breast,
and in a few words of broken English, and with evident pride
and satisfaction, gave me to understand it was a present from
Washingon-, whom he called his friend. A few hours after,
my attention was called to him again, and I saw him, appar-
ently unconscious, being dragged along by two Indians, who
laid him under the shadow of a pile of boards, and left him.
He had tasted the Circean draught, and was transformed to a.
beast. I could not help exclaiming: “Oh! that men should
put an enemy into their mouths, to steal away their brains.”
All the imaginary splendor with which my youthful fancy had
adorned this Indian orator, vanished in a moment. Alas! how
often is it the case that a nearer view of' greatness discovers
defects which we did not see at a distance. So the traveler,
viewing the Alps at a distance, fancies that they present a beau-
tifully-rounded surface, which he can walk over with ease; but
when he approaches them he finds them deformed, with rough,,
projecting crags and deep gorges, that obstruct his passage.
But, turning from the aboriginals, who would not like to*
know something of the earlier settlers in this region ? Fifty
years ago, the “ Holland Purchase ” was the land of promise.
Men gathered here from the four points of the compass, and
before society was amalgamated, or could be toned down by
attrition, there were many striking, original characters. It is-
not too late to rescue from oblivion some sketches of these
extraordinary men, and daguerreotype the leading traits of
their characters for the amusement and instruction of posterity..
Many of these men, who have left their mark upon our institu-
tions, could not boast of much book-learning; but they knew
the world, and had the courage and talent that fitted them to-
fight successfully the great battle of life.
The three liberal professions, Divinity, Law and Medicine,,
had also their representatives in our infant city; to which may
well be added a’fourth, the public press, which is peculiarly richTHE HON. MILLARD FILLMORE.
15
in historic reminiscences. The names of these persons are too
numerous to mention here, and to select some might appear
invidious. I therefore pass them over, and call your attention
to the various religious and charitable institutions, the histories
of some of which have already been ably given to the public;
and to these the others should be added.
But, above all, the history of this city, during the war of
1812, should be written and preserved among the archives of
this Society. It is a dark and bloody chapter, filled with the
horrors of a conflagration of the town in mid-winter, and the
misery of the fugitives flying from the terrific scene, and the
tomahawk and scalping knife. But even this dark picture may
be relieved by some deeds of heroism and generosity.
Finally, let this institution be the grand repository of every
thing calculated to throw light on our history. Books, news-
papers, letters, pamphlets, maps, medals, and relics of every
description, should be deposited here; and let our citizens
unite heart and hand in building up this Society, which, while
it does justice to the dead, reflects honor upon the living.