er ares Yr = a reer Oa a oe Cornell Muiversity Library BOUGHT WITH THE’ INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henry W. Sage 1891 A. BOBYO 26/p/os wi TEE BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA REPRESENTATIVE MEN MARYLAND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. BALTIMORE: NATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING CO. 4879. @ COPYRIGHTED, 1878. Abbott, Otay 4 Abell, A 18 Abrahams, “Woodward. 449 Acton, Samuel G 566 Adams, George F 93 Adams, John C 545 Adams, John F... 673 Adams, Samuel H. 673 Adkins, Isaac L.. 143 er pe 122 isquitl enry.. 2 Albert, William J a Albert, Charles... 552 ‘Alexander, Charles M.. 95 Allston, Joseph B.. 302 Ames, Edward R. 529 Amthor, J.M.R 639 Anderson, James M... 385 Andre, J. Ridgway. 80 Applegarth, William. 93 Appleman, Alpheus 149 Archer, George W.. 402 Archer, Henry W.. 401 Archer, James ... 42 Archer, James J... 43 Archer, John 40. Archer, John 42 Archer, dohnes 40 Archer, Robert H.. 42 Archer, R. H...... 402 Archer, Stevenson. 43 Archer, Stevenson 44 Archer, Thomas.. 4 ‘Arnold, Abraham B Atkinson, Archibald.. 603 Aydelott, William J.. 506 Ayres, Thomas O.. 582 Backus, John C 295 Baker, Charles 102 Baker, Charles J. 64 Baldwin, Edward 73 Baldwin, Silas....... 117 Bankard, Henry N. 180 Banks, Andrew... 69 Banks, Daniel B.. 68 Bannon, Michael. 118 Barclay, Joseph H. 555 Barney, Joshua... 381 Barroll, Benjamin C 72 Bartol, "James L... 130 Basshor, Thomas C go Bates, Benjamin.. 680 Bates, dommes III Beale, David J. 593 Bechtel, George K.. 681 Beeler, ‘George B. 691 Bell, Alexander .. 453 Benson, Charles W 244 Benson, James... 292 Bentley Charles W 102 Berry, George R 54 Berry, J. B. N.. 566 Berry, John S... 55 Bians, William H 114 Billingslea, pares L 716 Birely, John W. 87 Bitting, Charles C 86 Black, ‘Andrew L. 2or Black, George ors ir Black; James. Blackburn, Henry h.. Blackiston, Andrew H Blackiston) David C Blair, Montgomery.. Blizzard, Charles H Blumenberg, Leopold.. 477 | Calvert, Benedict L Bollman, Wendel.. Bonaparte, Jerome... 5 Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleon. 561 | Calvert, Charles Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleun. 561 | Calvert, Frederick.. ee Charles Joseph.... 562 | Calvert, George... Villiam M za William A. Bradt, Augustus W, Brady, Her Stephen. J Brewer, George G. Brewer, Nicholas... Brinsfield, Solomon Brockett, Robert L.. Brooks, Chauncey.. Brooks, Nathan C. Brown, B. Payton.. Brown, George W. Brown, J. Harmon Browne, B. Bernard... Browne, Nicholas M Browning, Richard T Brune, Frederick W.. Bump, Orlando F..... Burchinal, William D.. Burdett, Samuel S.. Burke, epee W.. CONTENTS. 619 | Burton, James W zoo | Butler, John Ses 470 | Byrd, Harvey 689 | Byrn, W, Wilson. 614 | Cadwalader, John 113 | Caldwell, John J. Calvert, Cecilius.. 59 Calvert, Charles Is Calvert) Leonard.. 666 Campbell, John S 253 | Canby, William M... . 119 | Carne, Richard L . 670 | Carr, Dabney S ws ~ 558 Garcil “Charles. 67 Carroll; John... » 14 Carroll; John kK . 291 | Carroll, John Lee . 674 | Carswell, John S.. - 199 | Carter, Bernard . 32] Carter, Durus. . 669 | Carter, John M. . 367 | Carter, Richard J . 46| Cashmyer, Henry . 323 | Cathcart, Robert.. . 544 | Cathell, Daniel W . 7og | Cathell, Levi... 29 Chaisty, Edwa 25 Chancellor, Cc. W... . 271 | Chase, Samuel..... . 542 | Cheezum, John W. . 31 | Child, Samuel... . 689 | Chilton, Harris J.. . 110 | Coale, James Cai + 559 Cockrill, James J.. - 28 Colburn’ ‘Augustus 111 | Cole, William H.. 307 | Colton, George... 88 Compton, Barnes 569 | Conrad, John S.. 10 Contee, Benjamin. 44 | Cooper, G. zos | Corcoran, W. W 634 | Correll, J. William 674 | Coudon, Joseph. «. 573 | Councell, William . 503 | Busteed, William W.. 157 | Cadden, Charles W. 49 | Carmichael, Richard B. 658 | Carmichael, William.. . 478 | Carmichael, William - 592 Carroll, Charles, “of . 155 | Cary, Wilson Miles. : 604 | Chambers, Ezekiel ‘FP. 65 | Chapman, ‘Andrew Ge . 65 | Chapman, William H . 65 | Chase, Hannibal H.. . 573 | Chesley, Nathaniel D . 540} Claggett, Joseph E.. 74 | Claiborne, William.. 8x | Collins, William H.. 89 | Coombs, W. terns Cox, Christopher C. Cox, E. Gover Cox, George. Cox’ John R Cox, Samuel Cox; Samuel K.. Cox, Thomas C. Coy, Byron F... Coyner, Samuel F. Crain, Peter Crane, William.. Creamer, David.. Creswell, John A. J.. Crim, William H... Crisfield, John W.. Crook, Charles. Crow, ”John Ts Cruikshank, George W Crutchfield, Andrew F. " 603 Cuddy, John W.C. « 108 Currey, James 81 Curtis, William W. Cushing, HG Daneker, Edwin F... Daniel, William.., Dashiell, Henry.. Dashiell, N. L. Davis, Allen B. 346 Davis, Henry Winter. 562 Davis, Lewis J... 337 Davis, Parker B.. 541 Davis, William H.. 368 Day, Willard G.. 190 Deale, James F 363 Deale, John S... 541 Decatur, Stephen 376 De Courcy, Willi 578 Deems, James M.... 144 Denison, Andrew W. 696 Denison, John M.... 17 Denmead, Francis.. 96 Dennis, George R 662 Dennis, James 342 Dennis, John U... 716 Dennis, Stephen Pp. 384. Denny, William. I5r Dent, Yew. 470 De eee George. 490 Devries, Henry 178 Dickinson, John.. 375 Diehl, George... 160 Ditty, C. Irving 676 Dixon, John A 177 Dobbin, G. W.. 619 Dodge, "Augustu 14 Dodge, Robert P. 540 Dodson, Henry C 543 Dodson, R....... 558 Dohme, Gustavus C 186 Domer, Samuel...... 706 Donavin, Matthew W 150 Donnelly, Daniel.. 246 Douglas, George.. 162 Douglas, James E 480 Downs, Wilford... 349 Dryden, Joshua 711 Duffey, Hugh... 292 Dukehart, Thomas M. 163 Dulaney, Daniel. 380 Dunott, Justus... + 347 vi Dushane, J. A.... Duvall, Henry. Duvall, Marius... Earle, James T Earle, Richard T Eastman, Lewis M Eccleston, John B.. H w 2 Edelen, Richard H 518 Eden, William ...... 583 Eichelberger, Otho W. 404 Elder, Basil S........ 432 Ellegood, James E « 480 Ellinger, Jacob 100 Elliott, William.. Ely, Charles W.. Erich, Augustus F.. Eschbach, E. R.. Evans, Alfred D. Evans, Thomas B. Evans, William W. Eyster, George H.... Faber, Peter J Facius, Fair, Campbe' Farrow, Joseph 146 Feast, John........ 583 Fellman, John R 54 Fenton, Aaron. . 231 Ferrey, C. S.... » 458 Fetterhoff, Hiram R. . 283 Fields, Daniel.... + 179 Fiery, Nathaniel » 300 Filler, Charles W + 244 Finney, William. + 563 Fisher, Harry.. . 621 Fletcher, J. B . 665 Ford, Budd S. « 710 Ford, John T. . 697 Foss, John N . 187 Fowler, Rober 265 Franklin, John Franklin, L. P.... French, Robert A. 73 Friedmann, Menka. 713 Frieze, John T... 301 Fulton, Charles C 23 Fulton, David C. 688 Fuller, Richard.. 688 Furlong, Henry.. 505 Fusselbaugh, W. H. B. - 176 Gaddes, Alexander... Gaither, George R. Gaither, George R. Gale, William H Garey, Henry F. Garnett, James M. Garrett, John W.... Garrison, Stephen. Gary, James 5S... Gary, Thomas F.,, Gault, Matthew.. Geddes, James W. George, Isaac S.. George, Matthias Getty, W.R... Gibbons, James.. Giffin, Charles M Giles, William F, Gill, George M...... Gill, N._R...... Gilliss, Joseph A : Gilpin, Bernard.. 7 Gittings, John S. . Gittings, Lambert 9 Gleeson, John P. Gleeson, William ‘ Goldsborough, B. J.. Goldsborough, Charles. «254 Goldsborough, Charles + 255 Goldsborough, H. H.... - 476 Goldsborough, G. W. ~ 664 Goldsborough, M. W... . 665 Goldsborough, Robert H....... 255 Gorgas, F. J. S Gorman, A. P.... Gorsuch, John T Gorter, G50.. CONTENTS. Gould, Alexander... +» 604 Graham, Samuel A.. ++ 340 Graves, Uriel..... 179 Greasley, Jacob F. 147 Greene, Thomas... 452 Greenfield, Aquilla H. 348 Griffith, Festus........ 203 Griffith, Goldsborough S 436 Griffith, Greenbery.. 319 Griffith, Howard., 314 Grindall, Charles S.. 339 Grindall, John T.. 187 Groome, Charles 248 Groome, James B. 289 Groome, John C... Guest, J. Wesley.. Gunther, Ludolph W.. Gutman, Joel.......... Gwinn, Charles J. M. 323; Hagner, Alexander B 67 Hagner, Peter... 295 Hagner, Peter V.. 377 Hall, Francis M... 271 Halliday, Robert J. 87 Hambleton, John A 261 Hambleton, Samuel... 698 Hambleton, T. Edward. 261 Hamerik, Asger...... 84 Hamill, Charles W.. 429 Hamill, G. S..... 248 Hamill, Patrick. 418 Hamilton, Charles.. 220 Hamilton, W. Campbell. 212 Hammersley, David L 527 Hammond, Ormond. 275 Hamner, James G 332 Handy, John H... 693 Handy, William W. 515 Hanson, George A 311 Hanson, Samuel... 642 Harcourt, William. 223 Hardcastle, Alexander.. 326 Hardcastle, E. L. F 584 Hardcastle, W. M 664 Harris, Chapin A. 650 Harris, Joseph..... 249 Harris, J. Morrison. 645 Harrison, John T 396 Harrison, Joseph. 269 Harrison, William 15 Hartsock, Lott....... 487 Hartsock, Samuel M.. 667 Hayden, Charles F.. 527 Hayward, Charles E,. 489 Hayward, Jonas H.. 246 Hayward, William R.,. 570 Healey, Maurice A.. 306 Heinekamp, William. 395 Hemmick, George A.. 622 Henderson, George.. 225 Henderson, G. R. 558 Henkle, Eli James 401 Hennick, John M Henry, Daniel M Henry, John 443 Henry, 12 Henry, 186 Hepbron, William 284 Heo R... Hering, Joshua W 567 Herring, J. Q. A... » 228 Hetzell, John G... 214 Heuisler, Joseph S.. 525 Hicks, Hooper Ci. 407 Hicks, Thomas H 324 Higgins, Eugene.. 577 Hill, William B 2g Hines, Jesse K.. Hinks, William Hiss, Philip... Hodges, James... Hodson, Thomas Hoen, Augustus. Hoffman, Daniel.. Hoffman, Daniel P.. Hoffman, John.... Hoffman, William H.. Holland, John C..... Hollingshead, David A. Holloway, Charles T..., Holmes, John M... Holyland, John.. Homer, Charles C. Hooper, Thomas Hooton, Andrew... Hopkins, Henry P 524 Hopkins, Johns..... 682 Hopkinson, Moses A + 360 Hopper, D. C.. 553 Horn, John W 411 Horner, Joshua... 665, Horwitz, Benjamin 648 Horwitz, John.... - 647 Horwitz, Orville. 227 Horwitz, Philip J. 646 Horwitz, Theophilus B 362 Houck, Jacob W...... 406 Houghton, Charles E.. . 640 Houston, H. W... 636 Houston, Jame! Howard, Charles Howard, Frank Key. Howard, George. 343 Howard, James.. 335 Howard, John Eage 362 172 Huger, Benjamin. 599 Hughes, Alfred 333 Hughey, T. C 617 Hume, Thomas L.. Hummer, James C Humphreys, Thomas Hutchins. Thomas T. Hutzler, Abram G.. Huizler, Charles G Hutzler, David... Hynson, Richard Tjams, William H.. Ing, John H....... Ireland, David C Irving, Levin T. H... Jamar, Reuben D.. enkins, Felix..... ohnson, Bradley T. J Greenleat 637 ohnson, H. E, 568 Johnson, ohn.... 509 ohnson, Joseph 400 ae every o77 ohnson, S. M....... 369 Johnson, Christopher 554 Jones, Charles P.., 663 Jones, George E.. 267 Jones, George P. Jones, John W.... Jones, Robert Chew. Jones, R. Emmett. 213 Jones, William J. 236 Joyce, Eugene T. 99 Jump, Charles M 434 Jump, Robert J.. 687 Kane, George P cs Keating, Thomas J 23% Kelly, Daniel J.. 112 Kelso, Thomas... . 570 Kemberley, Edward.. 423 Kenly, John R.... Ketnedy, William.. I Kent, Joseph ... bo Kernan, Eugen 211 poe n B.... + 475 ey, Francis Scott 222 Kimmel, William 462 King, John C 255 Kinnemon, ‘ge $ 430 Kinnemon, Perry S 429 Bie jebn H.. 490 Klees, Henry. 590 Knabe, William 403 ‘Knapp, Frederick.. 353 Knight, William H 481 Knott, A. Leo.. .. 258 Knotts, John W.. 202 Knowles, William G. 161 Kraft, John G........... - 666 Kurtz, Edward... Kurtz, John D. Kurtz, John N.... Lamb, Eli M... Lanahan, John. Lanahan, Thomas M Lanfair, H.S. Lang, T. F.... Larrabee, Ephraim. Latrobe, Ferdinand Lawton, John L. Lee, J. Fenner. Lee, John T... Lee, Julian H Lee, Richard C.. Lee, Stephen S. Tee Thomas ae egg, William H. Leib, William J... Leonard, William J.. Leonhardt, J. H..... Leonhardt, William Levering, Eugene Lewis, Frank 5. Lewis, J. E. H. Liebig, Gustav A. Liebmann, Gustave Lind, E. G.......00 6 Lindsay, George W. Linthicum, John L.. Lipscomb, John D.. Lloyd, Edward.. Lloyd, Edward.. Lloyd, Edward. Loats, John... Loney, Hen Loose, poser B Lowe, Enoch L. Lugenbeel, Peter. Lynch, John S.. Lyon, Andrew Lyon, John B... McCaffray, George. McCart, John...... McCarter, James M 504 McClelland, Cary... 554 McClenahan, E. D. 268 McCollister, Charles.. McComas, Alexander McCoombs, Abraham McCoy, John W...... . McCullough, Jethro J McCurley, Felix........ McDevitt, Edward P McDowell, Charles C. McDowell, William McDowell, William McFarland, C. Dodd. McKaig, Alpheus B... McKaig, W. McMahon. McKaig, William W.. McKee, W. J.C McKenney, di F re McKewen, Willi McLane, Robert M.. McLaughlin, Daniel McLaughlin, George.. McMahon, mone Vv. L McManus, McMaster, J. T. B... McMaster, Samuel S McMurray, Louis McNeal, James H McWilliams, John Maddux, Thomas C! Magraw, James. Magruder, C. C.. Mahon, John J.. Mallalieu, Thomas.. Mallory, D. D... 56 Mann, Harry E, 254 Marden, Jesse. 224 Maream, Everett.. 74 Markland, William T.. 427 Marshall, John..... 593 Martenet, Simon J 447 Martin, John W.., 664 Martin, J. Lloyd 188 Martin, Luther...,. 215 en, aloe K.. assey, James.. Massey, Ww Mason, Auguste F. Mathews, R. Stocket Mathiot, Augustus. rantz.... Mercer, John F... Merrick, George C. Merryman, John. Milbourne, S. T.. Miller, Daniel.. Miller, Oliver. Miller, O. W... Millholland, James A Miltenberger, George W.. Minifie, William. “Mitchell, James Mitchell, W. DeC. Mitchener, William Moale, Samuel... Moale, William ‘A. Monkur, J. C. S.... Montague, Charles Montgomery, James. Moore, Jacob Faris Moore, Joseph T... Moore, Thomas B.. Morgan, G... Morgan, G. E.. Morgan, Thomas P.. Morgan, W. P.... Morison, N. H Morris, John G Morris, Morris, Martin Morrison, George... Morrison, Robert D. Mosher, Calvin Siz Murdock, Thomas F. Murph Joh n.. Murr, enn Naylor, Henry R Negley, Peter... Nelson, George Ez. Nelson, Hugh... Nesbitt, Henry com Newbelle, Frank T Néwcomer, B. F Newcomer, gun Newell, M. Newman, Newnam, Edward Newnam, W. E.G. Nicholas, John S Nicholls, John. Noble, Mason.. Norris, John Saurin. Norris, Richard.. Norris, Norris, w.H Norwood. Summerfield Numsen, William........ Oder, J. Benson... -O’ Hern, M. P.. Oler, William H. Opie, Thomas... Orem, Perry C Oudesluys, Cha: Owens, Jobs Byccsas Paca, William.. Page, Henry... ae ed ae H.. agaud. Peabody, George Pearce, James A Pearce. William. Peat, William.. Peck, Js Osea Peddicord, Thomas Fi Peirce, Thomas..... Pendergast, Jero: Perkins, Isaac........ Perkins, Thomas Perkins, William H.. +» 487 | 838 CONTENTS. Peter, George...... Rusk, G. Glanville... Phelps, Charles E 293 | Russel, Alexander H. 191 Phelps, Francis P. 4r0 | Russell, Alexander W.. 406 Pinkney , William.. 133 | Russell, John M........ 421 Pitts, H. R.. 299 Placide, "Hen 178 | Sadler, Warren H 695 Plater, George 425 | Sams, J. Julius. 207 Platt, Landy B 524 | Saville, John W 274 ‘oe, Edgar A. . 629 Scarboro, Silas. 488 Polk, Ephraim 533 | Scarff, John H. 219 Polk; , James... 223 Scharf, J. Thomas 123 Polk; Lucius C 216 Scheib, Hen 168 Pollard, John.... . 398 | Schoolfield, illiam “M. 526 Poulson, Thomas L. Scott, Irving M 675 Poulton, Robert A Scott, John.... 351 Pratt, Enoch... Scott, John W 494 Price, Elias C. Scott) homas P 494 Price, Eldridge Seabrook, William L. W. 58r Price, John H. Seevers, William R 300 Price, Mordecai. Sellman, Robert... 532 Price, Robert J.. Shaw, Andrew B. 368 Price, William M . Shearer, Thomas. 197 Price, William S.. Shepherd, Alexan gr Prior, Edward A.. Shepherd, Thomas F. 264 Pritchard, Arthur J. Sheppard, Moses... 214 Pue, Charles R.. Shertzer, ‘A. Trego.. 209 Pullman, R. H... Shorey, William F.. 221 Purcell, John J. Showell, Lemuel.. 49t Purnell, George W.. Silver, Benjamin... 2 Purnell, J. B.R... Silverwood, William.. 38 Purviance, Hugh Y. Simon, William... 406 Slagle, Charles W 320 Quinan, John R. Smallwood, William 213 Quinan, P. A.... Smith, Alan P.. 138 Smith, Asa H 57 Raine, Frederick... 27 | Smith, B. E 618 Randall, Alexande: 531 | Smith, Henry... 621 Randall, Burton. 532 | Smith, Jeremiah 574 Randall, Daniel. + 530 Smith, Nathan R. 136 Randall, Henry .». 531 | Smith, R. B...... 637 Randall, John... + 530 Smith, Robert T.. 513 Randall, John.......... 4c BRU Smith, Samuel, 237 Randall, Richard.. . 531 | Smith, W. A.. 59 Randall, Thomas. .«. 531 | Smoot, Andrew J. 430 Randolph, A, J... .. 622 | Snowden, Philip M 395 Randolph, Alfred M .. 694 | Snyder, Henry. 176 Rankin, Jeremiah E. « 58] Soper, Basil... 684 Rasin, I. Freeman 158 | Soper, John... 683 Rasin, R. W. L.... . 482 | Soper, John N.. 684 Rasin, Robert W.. . 485 | Soper, Samuel... 684 Rayner, Isidor..... 47 | Soper, Samuel J 684 Reardon, G. Evett sor | Soper, William H 683 Reeder, Charles... 427 | Soper, William M 683 Reese; t Gerard H 498 | Spates, A. W. 642 Reid, Elijah M.. 200 | Speake, Willia 419 Reifsnider, dene, 495 | Spencer, Bee Cc 426 Revell, James... . 609 | Spencer, Isaac 69 Revell, William ‘ . 674 | Spicer, Hiram 366 Reynolds, George 147 | Stansbury, Elijah. 182 Reynolds, Henry. . 556 | Stansbu pyg ties 181 Reynolds, J. C... . 556 | Steiner, L. H.......... 616 Reynolds, oseph. os 242 | Stevens, B. Gootee., 336 Reynold: Is, yates « 641 Stevens, Francis P. 651 Rich, ‘Arthur... 622 | Stevenson, John M.. 671 Rich, Thomas R.. 218 | Stewart, Colin........ 242 Richardson, Charles C Stewart, Columbus J 144 Richardson, E. H... Stewart, James A.. 16 Ridgely, James Tages Stewart, John... 395 Riggs, Christopher. M. Stewart, John D 500 Rinehart, William H., Stewart, William A, 342 Ringgold, Samuel. Stewart, William 475 Ringgold, Thomas Stieff, Charles M... 686 Ringgold, William... Stockbrid Henry. 189 Rittenhouse, Nicholas Stokes, William H.. 235 Roach, William. Stone, "Frederick 343 | Robb, Joh nA... Stone, pre H.. 357 Robbins, Henry R.. Stone, Michael J. 358 Roberts, Charles B.. Stone, Thomas.. 356 Roberts, Joseph... 424 | Stone, William, 425 Robertson, William W. Stoneburner, oF Cheaie 212 Robinson, Edward W. Stork, Theophilus 660 Robinson, John Moncure. Stork, William L. 661 Robinson, John Mitchell Stump, Frederick. 517 Rebinson, Joseph J. Stump, Herman... 547 Rodgers, ‘John ea sles Sudler, John W. E. 392 Rogers, R. Lyon Sudsbury, Joseph M 416 Rose, Charles H Sulivane, Clement 432 Ross, omen (one Sunderland, Byron. 703 Ross, W. E. W Suter, John Fi 198 Rossiter, Joel TT Swann, Thomas... 239 Rowland, Samuel.. Swentzell, Frederick... serves, GOT eyindell, William.. ylvester, J. J... Szold, Benjamin. Tall, R. J. H... Taney, Roger B. Taylor, David B. Taylor, Henry... Temple, {ohn WwW Temple, William Thayer, Nathaniel J. Thayer, Ralph...... Thom, J. Pembroke.. Thomas, Charles H... Thomas, Douglas H. Thomas, George P... Thomas, Jo Carey.. Thomas, John B.... Thomas, John C. Thomas, John L., Jr Thomas, Joseph. Thomas, Philip F.. Thomas, Richard L.. Thompson, G. H... Thompson) Henry Thompson, fgsces 641 Thompson, Walter H. 257 Thomsen, John J 660 Thomson, William. 285, Tiernan, Luke..,..... Tilden, Marmaduke.. Tilghman, Matthew.. Tilghman, Noah J. Tilghman, William Tillson, Edward C. Todd, Charles H Tome, Jacob. 5 onry, Willia - 176 Torbert, Henry R.. - 369 Touchstone, James M. 519 Tower, William H... IQ Townsend, Wilson, 590 Townshend, Smith. 257 Tracy John Sis. 616 Trail, ee 643, Travers, Levi D. 332 Travers, Samuel H 200 Trotter, Peter.. 455 ‘Turner, James.. 476 Turner, J. Frank 268 Turner, John........, 329 Turner, Lewis..,. 303 Turner, Robert. « 638 Tyler, Grafton. 628 Tyson, H. H Uhler, Philip R........ Ulman, Benjamin F.. Upshur, George M... Valliant, ohn... ea ames a Valliant, IED isace sens Vanderford, Henry. Van Bibber, Washington Cc. Van Bokkelen, L Vaughan, Robert. Veazey, Thomas W.. Vernon, George W. F....,.., Vernon, Nathaniel. Vickers, George Vocke, Claas... Walker, William S Wallace, James... Valiant, Wallis, S. Teackle..,. 8 Walsh, William..... . 69a Walters, William T + 519 Walzl, John H... 684 Walzl, Richard E., 392 Ward, Francis X. Ward, James T... Warner, Andrew E Waters, ava Tose Webster ani’ Webster, John A... Weedon, Austin R.... vill Weedon, J. H. W. G.. Weems, George....... Weightman, Welfley, Bathasar Welfley, D. P... Welsh, William Westcott, George Whaland, Thomas H. ‘Wheeden, James Ci. Wheeler, J. R..... Whitaker, George P White, Welcome. Whitman, Ezra... Whitridge, John.. Whittingham, William R 7 Whyte, William Pinkney...... 652 CONTENTS. \ Wickes, Joseph + 420 Wickes, oer 527 Wickes, Lambert 420 Wickes, P. L... 424 Wiener, Morris . 268 Wildey, Thomas.. 610 Wilkens, William 620 Wilkins, Edward... 459 Wilkerson, Basil M... 365 Williams, George H. « 248 Williams, J. W. M - 492 Williams, Otho H. Williams, Robert H. Williams, Thomas H Willis, Arthur J.. Willis, Henry F.. Wilmer, Edwin. Wilmer, Simon.. Wilmer, William B.. Wilson, E.K........ Wilson, Ephraim Wilson, Franklin.. Wilson, George... Wilson, J. Alexander. Wilson, Thomas... Wilson, William Winans, Thomas.. Winder, Levin...... Wingate, John H. D Winter, Samuel... Winternitz, Charles. Wirt, William.......... Wisong, William A. Withers, William A. Wolf, Marcus... Woodall, John... Woodall, William E. Woods, Hiram...... Woodward, David A.. Woodward, William. Wooters, James M... Woodyear, William E.. Wright, Robert..... Wyeth, William N... Yeates, Henry P. Pu... THE BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA | OF MARYLAND AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. WihW.OME, Jaco, Capitalist, was born August 13, 1810, J & in Manheim Township, York County, Pennsyl- "ae vania. Few of the men who, from poverty A and obscurity, have won their way to wealth, honor and fame, began life under less promising circumstances than-Mr. Tome. Bravery and courage were the prime elements of his character; industry, integrity, perseverance and self-reliance, his sole capi- tal. With these he took the world in hand, and by them has elevated himself to the highest plane of influence and usefulness. He was of German parentage, and from a curious and interesting baptismal certificate, still in the possession of Mr. Tome, containing the date and place. of his birth and baptism, together with the names of the spon- sors, it appears that the original family name was Thom, his parents being mentioned therein as, “‘ These two law- fully wedded persons, Christian Thom and his lawful wife Christina Thom, maiden name Bager.” Mr. Tome’s early educational advantages were limited to the district school, which he was privileged to attend only in the winter months. His parents were poor, supporting a large family by their daily labor. When Mr. Tome was sixteen years of age his father died, and he thenceforth undertook the battle of life on his own account. He hired himself to Colonel Graham, a farmer in York County, with whom he remained fifteen months. He then entered the employ- ment of Jacob Musser, for whom he superintended fish- eries for one year, at Stony Island, on the Susquehanna River. In the spring of 1830, he went to Marietta, where for two years he worked for James Stackhouse. Leaving him, he entered into an engagement with Abraham Var- ley, in the manufacture and sale of tin ware. Noticing an advertisement for a teacher for a country school, near 2 pline in the school. Elizabethtown, Lancaster County, to serve during the fall and winter months, and, although duly impressed with the deficiency of his education for such a position, he made application for it, resolved, if successful, to qualify him- self, so far as possible by diligent study, for the discharge of its duties. In view of his youthful appearance and his slight and small stature, the trustees doubted his ability to control the larger scholars, and to preserve proper disci- He met the difficulty by assuring the trustees that they need have no fears, since, if he failed as a disciplinarian, he would make no charge for his services. Being favorably impressed with his self-assurance, they gave him the position. Having finished his engagement as school teacher to the satisfaction of the trustees, in the spring of 1833 he went to Port Deposit, and was employed for a short time at Boggs’s hotel. He left that place in December following, and went to Philadelphia, where he studied book-keeping during the winter. He returned to Port Deposit March 23, 1834, and engaged as clerk with Messrs. Downey & Montgomery, lumber dealers, doing an extensive business on the old bank wharf. He remained with them until March, 1835. During this period his ac- tivity, industry and business capacity attracted the atten- tion of David Rinehart, a wealthy banker and lumber merchant, of Marietta, Pennsylvania, who was in the habit of visiting Port Deposit in the spring and fall lumber sea- sons, for the transaction of business with manufacturers and dealers, with whom he had extensive dealings. He proposed a business connection with Mr. Tome, which was accepted, Mr. Rinehart furnishing five thousand dollars cash capital against Tome’s services; and the firm of Tome & Rinehart, lumber dealers, began business. From 1835 to 1851, this firm had uninterrupted success, and did 6 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the largest business in timber, lumber and shingles that was done on the Susquehanna River by any one firm. On the dissolution of this partnership, by the death of Mr. Rinehart in 1851, after deducting all the profits that each had drawn from time to time, the capital invested was over one hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Edwin J. Rinehart, son of the deceased, who, for some time previous to the death of his father, had been clerking for the firm, suc- ceeded to his father’s interest in the business, and the style of the firm was not changed. The partnership was dis- solved in 1853, each partner continuing in the lumber business. In the spring of 1855, Mr: Tome formed a co- partnership with John and Thomas C. Bond, styling the firm Bond, Brother & Company, who continue the lumber business to the present time. This firm, of which Mr. Tome is the capitalist, in addition to their extensive lumber business, own about twenty thousand acres of timber lands in Pennsylvania, as well as ten thousand acres of similar lands in Michigan. Mr. Tome is also largely engaged in the grain, fertilizer and agricultural trade in Port Deposit, with his nephew by marriage, Mr. Joseph W. Reynolds, under the firm of J. Tome & Company. In 1849, Mr. Tome formed a business connection with the Messrs. Tay- lor and John S. Gittings, of Baltimore, who were the owners of the Steamer “ Portsmouth,” plying between Port Deposit and Baltimore; and afterwards purchased the steamers “ Lancaster” and “ Juniata” of the opposi- tion line, consolidating the two companies, and running the three steamers for passengers and freight, and towing canal-boats from the Susquehanna and Tide Water Canal. This line proved a success, and is still in operation with two side-wheel steamers and three tugs. In 1865, this company, with Captain Mason L. Weems, organized the Baltimore and Fredericksburg Steamboat Company, run- ning two steamers, the “‘ Wenonah” and “ Matilda,” and continued to run this line until 1874, when, after the death of Captain Weems, the partners transferred their interests in the line to his heirs, who now control it. In the course of his extended business transactions, Mr. Tome has be- come a large property-holder. In addition to the nume- rous dwellings, store-houses, wharf and warehouse proper- ties held by him in Port Deposit, he is the owner of twelve thousand acres of timber land in Potter County, Pennsyl- vania, in addition to those held by the firm of Bond, Brother & Company. He also owns four or five valuable farms in Cecil County, Maryland, besides a valuable farm of three hundred acres in Carroll County, of that State, together with valuable property in Baltimore and else- where, and a large personal estate, consisting of private securities, bonds and mortgages. Mr. Tome is also the owner and proprietor of Minnequa Springs in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, on the line of the Northern Central Railway, superintended under his direction by Mr. W. D. Tyler, who is well and favorably known to the guests who haye visited the Springs for some years past. Since 1849, he has been the President of the Baltimore and Susque- hanna Steam Company, and is a stockholder and director in the Conowingo Bridge Company. He is a director in the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Com- pany, and a large stockholder in the Delaware Railroad Company. He is largely interested in the Port Deposit and Columbia Railroad, in which he is a director, and in the Susquehanna and Tide Water Canal Company, and owns a large amount of stock in the Ridley Park Associa- tion. Through him and a few others the outlet lock on the Susquehanna and Tide Water Canal, at Bell’s Ferry or Lapidum, was constructed, thus enabling canal-boats to reach Port Deposit without being compelled to go first to Havre de Grace. Until the commencement of the war, Mr. Tome had been too much engaged in business to be allured by the inducements of political preferment; but when the Union of the States was threatened, he was ready to spend time and money in its defence and maintenance. In recognition of his firm Union principles, he was elected by the Union party of Cecil County to the Senate of Mary- land in the fall of 1863, and took his seat in January, 1864. At that session, Archibald Sterling, Esq., of Baltimore, was Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Senate, on which committee Mr. Tome held the second place. William J. Jones, Esq., of Cecil County, was a leading member of the House, and Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. These three gentlemen took the lead in the financial legislation of the session, which bore very clearly the marks of Mr. Tome’s ability as a financier. In the fall of 1864, the Reform State Convention having met the same year, he was again nominated and re-elected to the Senate. At this session he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Finance, and of the Committee on Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, and served on the Com- mittees on Engrossed Bills and Insolvent Laws. After his retirement from the Senate in 1867, he took no part in political matters until 1871, when he was unanimously nominated by the Union Republican party of the State for Governor of Maryland. He was defeated by William Pinkney Whyte: He is now the Treasurer of the National Republican Executive Committee. Mr. Tome’s banking operations have been very extensive. For a number of years he was private banker for the business men of Port Deposit. In May, 1850, he, with others, having procured a charter for the Cecil Bank, at Port Deposit, opened it with a capital of only twenty-five thousand dollars. Its officers were, Jacob Tome, President, and Allen Anderson, Cashier; Mr. Tome owning the principal portion of the stock. The capital of the Cecil Bank increased yearly, until one hundred thousand dollars were paid in, and in 1864, it had a surplus of one hundred thousand dollars. It then became a National Bank, and one hundred thou- sand dollars more capital was put in, making its present capital three hundred thousand dollars. Its present officers are, Jacob Tome, President, and Robert C. Hopkins, Cash- Q vy » \ \ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA., 7 ier. Mr. Tome’s next banking enterprise in Cecil County was the purchase, in 1868, of the Elkton National Bank, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, of which he is President, and Charles B. Findley, Cashier. In 1865, he opened the Fredericksburg, Virginia, Bank, with a cap- ital of one hundred thousand dollars; Jacob Tome, Presi- dent, and John M. Wallace, Cashier. Subsequently, he purchased the National Bank at Hagerstown, Maryland, and removed it to Washington, where, re-chartered and reorganized, it is now the Citizens’ National Bank of Washington City, with a capital of three hundred thousand dollars; Hon. John A. J. Creswell, President, and A. R. Appleman, Vice-President. The building of this bank, located on Fifteenth Street, opposite the Treasury building, built, and formerly owned by Jay Cooke, purchased at a cost of seventy-two thousand dollars, and improved at an additional expense of twenty-eight thousand dollars, is conceded to be the finest banking-house in the city of Washington, Mr. Tome is also a director in the Third National, and stockholder in the Marine Bank, of Balti- more. He was married December 6, 1841, to Miss Car- oline M. Webb, of Port Deposit, 4 most estimable lady. They had several children, all of, whom died in infancy. Mrs. Tome was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and, although not a member himself, Mr. Tome has uniformly attended its service. In 1865, he conceived the purpose of building a new church and donating it to the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the town of Port Deposit. It was dedicated by Bishop Mat- thew Simpson, October 30, 1871. It cost sixty-five thou- sand dollars, and is, perhaps, the handsomest church in Maryland, outside of the cities. In honor of the donor, it has been incorporated, “*‘ The Tome Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church.” Mr. Tome’s residence, situated at Port Deposit, on the eastern bank of the Susquehanna, is one of the most elegant and complete in all its appoint- ments of any suburban mansion in Maryland. It is three and a half stories high, and rests upon a solid foundation of rock; is built of dressed granite, quarried in that vicin- ity, and covered with a Mansard roof. On the northwest corner of the main building, and attached to it,’stands a tower twenty-two feet square, built of beautiful cut granite; it extends above the main building, and has, on each floor, a handsome room, furnished with walnut casings. The house throughout is magnificently furnished; wide halls in the several stories divide the different apartments, and the walls are graced with « variety of paintings. The floor of the main building is used for the purpose of a bank, and that of the tower as Mr. Tome’s private office. On the south side is a large grapery and conservatory; on a hill, near by, are three reservoirs, from which an abundant supply of water is obtained, and at the southern end of the wharf is-a large gas-house, built of native granite, and containing a receiver with a capacity of thirty-five hundred feet. In front, across the street, is a beautiful park, artis- tically laid off. The grounds and park are adorned with lawns and terraces, and shade trees, plants and flowers, in rich variety. When seen from the river, the place pre- sents a picturesque appearance, and resembles some pala- tial residence on the Rhine. Notwithstanding the multi- plicity and magnitude of his varied business opérations, Mr. Tome directs and personally supervises them all. He is methodical, and punctual at every place requiring his presence. Amid all, he has preserved his vigor of mind and body by regular, temperate habits. Fortune and favorable circumstances have attended him; but he is a millionaire to-day because he has been industrious, persever- ing, far-seeing, systematic, economical, and cautious; quick to discern, and prompt to improve business opportunities. rains Most Rev. Jamzs, Archbishop of CG Baltimore, and Primate of the Church in Amer- "7 ica, was born of Irish parentage in the City ‘ of Baltimore, Maryland, July 23, 1834, and having been baptized in the Cathedral of that city, was conveyed at a very early age by his father to Ireland, where he received the rudiments of an educa- tion and training, destined subsequently to elevate him to his present eminent station. On returning to his native land, after a long absence, he concluded to pursue his studies at St. Charles College, Maryland, and graduated with honor at that institution in the year 1857. Subse- quently, at St. Mary’s Seminary, Baltimore, he pursued a thorough course of study in philosophy and theology, which concluded with his ordination as Priest at St. Mary’s, at the hands of the late most Rev. Archbishop Kenrick, June 30, 1861. Summoned immediately to the responsibilities of his sacred calling, the youthful priest was appointed assistant to the late Rev. James Dolan, rector of St. Patrick’s, discharging the requirements of the position with such fidelity and suavity of manner as to secure unbounded popularity with the parishioners. This sentiment of affectionate regard was also entertained by the congregation of St. Bridget’s, at Canton, to the pastor- ship of which he was shortly after transferred. After re- maining in charge of St. Bridget’s for several years, the lamented Spalding, then at the head of the American Church, chose the young pastor as a member of his house- hold by conferring upon him the position of private secre- tary—a marked recognition of merit. Sunday, August 16, 1868, the venerable Cathedral of Baltimore was the scene of an important event in the career of Father Gib- bons, who, on that occasion, was consecrated by his Grace, Dr. Spalding, Bishop of Adramyttum in Partibus Infi- delium, and Vicar-Apostolic of North Carolina. The labors of the new Bishop in that field were attended with eminent success, and exhibited remarkable administrative 8 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, ability, together with a zealous concern for the salvation of souls. After about four years of ceaseless labor there, a vacancy being created in the See of Richmond, through the demise of Right Rev. Bishop McGill, the Vicar-Apostolic of -North Carolina was by authority of the Holy See translated to Richmond, where he was installed by Arch- bishop Bayley, October 20, 1872. Within a brief period after his arrival in that diocese, renewed life and. interest, in a religious sense, became apparent as the fruits of his administration. Several new churches were erected, and in addition, at the close of little more than five years, he had founded and placed in successful operation, the splendid institution known as ‘St. Peter’s Cathedral Male Academy and Parochial School,” “St. Sophia’s Home” for aged people, in charge of the Little Sisters of the Poor, the late William Shakespeare Caldwell, Esq., of Richmond, having generously donated the elegant house at Ninth and Marshall streets for that purpose. ‘St. Joseph’s Female Orphan Asylum ”’ was also enlarged, and a fine parochial school for boys and girls instituted at Petersburg, with one also at Portsmouth for girls. The venerable head of the Archdiocese of Baltimore was at this period in rapidly failing health, and finding himself unable to discharge the onerous duties of his responsible office, he sought from Rome the appointment of a Coadjutor, his decided prefer- ence in this emergency being the energetic young Bishop of Richmond. In compliance with this desire of the dying prelate, Bishop Gibbons was appointed Coadjutor, with the right of succession, to the most Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, Archbishop of Baltimore, May 20, 1877. This act was a signal and affecting evidence of the high esteem which Dr. Bayley entertained for the person of his Grace. Being now warmly attached to Virginia, the faithful prelate was reluctant to leave that State; yet where duty called “’twas his to obey,” and the mandate of ecclesiastical authority was therefore promptly complied with. When the time came for Bishop Gibbons to leave for his enlarged field of labor, his departure called forth an expression of deep regret from citizens of all denomi- nations. Although but a brief period has elapsed since his promotion to the See of Baltimore (October 3, 1877), it has been marked by great executive energy and an accurate perception of the wants of the diocese. As an instance of this may be mentioned, the securing of a most eligible site for the erection of a large church, at the inter- section of East Monument and Washington streets, in the northwestern section of the city of Baltimore, to which church he has appointed as pastor, Rev. Michael Dausch, for many years the worthy assistant of St. Vincent de Paul’s. The Archbishop has recently purchased the building on the northeast corner of High and Low streets, as a branch of St. Mary’s Industrial School, to be known as St. James’s Home for Boys. Previous to his accession, Archbishop Gibbons had contributed to Catholic literature an invaluable addition in the popular work, “ The Faith of our Fathers,’ a volume which has met with extensive favor, and elicited the heartiest commendations from a host of readers. The approval is well earned, for it com- pares favorably with the standard theological productions of either the past or present. Its circulation in eighteen months has exceeded fifty thousand copies. The author’s: sentences abound with vigorous, terse and keen analysis, seconded by a masterly maintenance of Catholic doctrine. In the career of Bishop Gibbons, who has as yet scarcely attained the meridian of life, we have an illustration of the fact that it is not always through adventitious surroundings in youth that men finally rise to eminence and the favorable regard of their fellow-men, but rather through the exercise of humility, patience, charity, gentleness of manner and speech, combined with a laudable ambition to be an instrument of good in the world. These traits are emi- nently characteristic of Archbishop Gibbons, and qualify him to fill the Episcopal throne once occupied by the illus- trious Carroll, Kenrick and Spalding. born in Baltimore, September 8, 1816. His parents were from the Eastern Shore of Mary. land, and descended from the earliest settlers of the Eastern Shores of Maryland and Vir- ginia. He was sent very early to school, and graduated at St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, in 1832, at the age of sixteen years. In the fall of 1832, he entered the office of William Wirt, in Baltimore, as a student at law; re- maining there until the death of Mr. Wirt, in 1834, when he entered the office of the late Judge John Glenn, where he continued his studies, until September, 1837, when he was admitted to the Bar, At eighteen, he received the de- gree of Artium Magister, from St. Mary’s College; and the honorary degree of Legum Doctor, in 1841. In early life, Mr. Wallis had a taste for literature and contributed a good deal, in both prose and verse, to the magazines and periodicals of the day—the prose articles consisted mostly of literary or historical criticism. He early became a profi- cient in the Spanish language, and was devoted to tRe his- tory and literature of Spain; receiving, in consequence, in 1843, the rare honor of election as a Corresponding member of the Royal Academy of History of Madrid. In 1846, he was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society of Northern Anti- quaries at Copenhagen. In 1847, Mr. Wallis visited Spain ; and in 1849, Harper & Brothers published the result of his observations in a volume entitled, “ Glimpses of Spain,” which was well received, and passed to a second edition. Later, in 1849, he was sent to Madrid, professionally, by the Dy ALLIS, SrevERN TEACKLE, A.M., LL.D., was - Government of the United States, for the purpose of exam- ining into the title to the public lands in East Florida, as affected by royal grants made ‘during the negotiations for BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 9 the Treaty of 1819. Mr. Wallis was put into direct relations with the Spanish Government, and enjoyed exceptional opportunities of official and social intercourse and observa- tion. He prepared a careful work on his return, under the title of, “Spain: Her Institutions, Politics and Public Men,’’ the publication of which ‘was delayed by circum- stances until 1853, when it appeared from the press of Ticknor, Reed & Fields, Boston, and was received with favor in both this country and England. From 1859 to 1861, he contributed largely to the editorial department of the Baltimore Exchange. He was a Whig in politics from his first vote down to the organization of the American, or Know-Nothing party, after which he identified himself with the Democratic party, and voted for Mr. Buchanan. He was offered the District Attorneyship, by Mr. Bu- chanan, in 1857, but declined it. In 1861, after the affair in Baltimore of the 19th of April, he was sent to the House of Delegates, and took a leading part in the proceedings of the Maryland Legislature of that year, at Frederick. He was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations, and made himself obnoxious to the Federal authorities, by his Reports, which were adopted by the Legislature, and which took strong ground against the war, as well as against the then prevalent doctrine of military necessity. In September of that year, the Legislature was suppressed by military force; and Mr. Wallis was arrested, with many of its members and other prominent citizens of the State, and imprisoned for over fourteen months, in Forts Mc- Henry, Fortress Monroe, Fort La Fayette, and Fort Warren, successively. No charge was ever made against him by the Government; and having steadfastly insisted upon being either lawfully tried or discharged, he was finally released, in November, 1862, without conditions, and without hav- ing ever been informed to the present day of the cause of his arrest. On his release, he returned to the practice of his profession in Baltimore; and since that time has been actively and successfully engaged in it in the local and ap- pellate Courts of the State, as well as the Federal Courts of the District, and the Supreme Court of the United States. In the winter of 1862-3, Mr. Wallis had a con- troversial correspondence (which attracted some attention) with the Hon. John Sherman, then of the United States Senate, concerning the suppression of the Maryland Leg- islature and the arrest of its members, and of the Mayor and Police Commissioners of Baltimore, in 1861. Not- withstanding his professional occupations, Mr. Wallis has given much time since the war to literary work, contribu- ting critical articles occasionally to the Reviews and Mag- azines, and from time to time writing a good deal for the daily press in Baltimore and New York. He has also been called upon frequently for addresses upon occasions of in- terest. In 1870, being one of the Trustees of the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, he delivered, upon the invitation of the Board, a discourse upon the Life and Character of Mr. : Peabody, in the Institute Hall in Baltimore. He had-the unusual honor of an invitation, by joint resolution of the Senate and the House, to repeat that discourse in the hall of the House of Delegates, at Annapolis, before the Gen- eral Assembly of Maryland and the chief executive and judicial officers of the State. At a later period of that year, upon the death of the Hon. John P. Kennedy, Mr. Wallis was elected to succeed him as Provost of the Uni- versity of Maryland, which place he continues to fill. In December, 1872, as Chairman of the Art Committee of private citizens, appointed by the Legislature, he delivered, in the Senate Chamber at Annapolis, the address upon the unveiling of Rinehart’s statue of Chief Justice Taney. The tastes of Mr. Wallis have always inclined him to lit- erature, of which he has been a student from his youth. He speaks the French language with facility, and the Span- ish with the same ease and correctness as his native tongue. He has never lost his familiarity with the Latin classics, or his early fondness for them. For politics he has manifested comparatively small inclination, and has taken but little active part in them for many years. His election to the Legislature, in 1861, was not only unsought but entirely against his wishes. Down to the breaking out of the civil war, he was an ardent advocate for the Union. His sym- pathies, however, were altogether and warmly with the South after the struggle began; and, although he did not recognize secession as a constitutional right, he regarded the Federal Government as entirely without constitutional authority to interfere with the States, by coercion, if they saw fit to retire from the compact, as they had seen fit to enter into it. His views on this point were better repre- sented by the speeches of the Hon. James A. Bayard, of Delaware, in the Senate, than by those of any other pub- lic man of the day. The political developments of the war, and the course of events since its termination, have strengthened Mr. Wallis in his conviction, as a student of our institutions, that their chief danger lies in the perpet- ual aggressiveness and undue extension and _ preponde- rance of Federal influence and power. Upon its historical antagonism to these his most earnest sympathy with the Democratic party rests; and, although educated in Whig ideas, he shares to the full the opposition of Democratic doctrine to tariffs, troops, subsidies, land grants, bounties, and all the similar machinery by which consolidationism, in his judgment, is subverting the Constitution and cor- rupting the people. F of the city of Baltimore, was born October Ho been a leading member of the Baltimore bar, Ye ATROBE, HonoraBLE FERDINAND C., Mayor I £ rn 14, 1833, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, John H. B. Latrobe, has, for half a century, and is distinguished for his high mental culture and schol- arly attainments. The son received his education at 10 BIOGRAPHICAL CVYCLOPEDIA the College of St. James, Washington County, Maryland; and after a course of law studies under his father, was ad- mitted to legal practice in 1858. Soon after his admission to the bar, Mr. Latrobe was selected by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company as its assistant counsel, and, as such, he has defended that great corporation in many of its most important cases in the Court of Appeals of Mary- land; and in the well-known case of O’Connell against the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the sole counsel for the defence. For many years he has been the counsel of the late Thomas Winans, and Messrs. Winans & Company, as well as their confidential business agent. On the death of Mr. Thomas Winans, in 1878, Mr. Latrobe became attorney for the executors of his vast estate. In the fall of 1867, Mr. Latrobe was elected to the Legislature of Mary- land, and was acting chairman during the entire session, of the Committee of Ways and Means. He was the author of many important acts passed at that session; among them, the Military Law of the State, which, through his efforts, was then established. The Honorable Thomas Swann, then Gov- ernor of Maryland, appointed Mr. Latrobe Judge Advocate General of the State, when he, with General John S. Berry, the Adjutant-General, aided in organizing the large militia force, consisting of eleven regiments, fully armed and equipped, which belonged to the State military force in 1869. In the fall of 1869 he was re-elected to the Legislature, and made Speaker of the House of Delegates, which then embraced in its membership some of the most distinguished men of the State; such as Governor Carroll, Judge Mer- rick, Honorable E. J. Henkel, A. P. Gorman, and E. J. Kilbourne. In the Presidential campaign of 1872, Mr. Latrobe took an active part in the canvass of the city of Baltimore and the State at large, in eloquent advocacy of Democratic principles. In 1873 he was a candidate for the Mayoralty nomination, on the Democratic ticket, against the Honorable Joshua Vansant, the latter being successful after a very animated contest. In the Centen- nial year of 1876, he was unanimously nominated by the Democratic Convention for the Mayoralty of Baltimore, and elected over his opponent, Henry M. Warfield, Esq., taking his seat in November of the same year. During Mayor Latrobe’s administration many new and most im- portant reforms in municipal government were inaugurated. The old Port Warden’s department, with its attendant evil, the City Yard, was abolished and superseded by a Harbor Board—a commission composed of seven gentle- men, who serve without pay, and who are intrusted with all matters connected with the harbor. The result of this re- form was the deepening of the harbor of Baltimore to twenty-four feet at low water, so as to receive any vessel that can enter the port of New York. The cobble-stone pavement of Baltimore Street and many other of the lead- ing thoroughfares of the city gave place to the Belgian blocks; active progress was made in the improvement of Jones’s Falls, and many important streets and avenues were opened. A new and improved system of police and fire alarm telegraph was introduced, superior to that of any city inthe Union. A reduction of nearly four hundred thousand dollars per annum was made in the municipal expenditures during the first year of his administration. The sinking fund was rigidly guarded and largely in- creased, and the price of city stock, subject to State tax, rose higher than the State bonds. But the crowning act of Mayor Latrobe’s administration was the negotiation at par of five millions five per cent. bonds as a substitute for the five millions six per cent. loan of 1875; thus effecting a saving of fifty thousand dollars per annum—a good legacy left by his administration to the people of Balti- more. In June, 1877, Mayor Latrobe’s name was presented to the Democratic Mayoralty Convention for a re-nomina- tion as candidate for Mayor; but, though receiving a large and flattering vote, his opponent, the late Colonel George P. Kane, was nominated. On the death of Colonel Kane, in June, 1878, the Democratic party, as with one voice, called General Latrobe to the Mayoralty by a unanimous nomination and overwhelming popular vote—a high in- dorsement of the able manner in which he performed the duties of that responsible office during his previous incum- bency. The same business tact, management, and financial ability displayed by Mr. Latrobe in conducting his personal affairs and those with which he has been intrusted by leading corporations and capitalists, have been brought to bear in the execution of his Mayoralty duties, and he can point with pride to the record of a faithful guardianship of the interests and prosperity of the city of Baltimore. That higher political honors yet await General Latrobe no one can doubt who contemplates his brilliant career in the past, and the ability as well as fidelity with which he has performed all the honorable and responsible duties which have devolved upon him. In 1860, Mr. Latrobe married the eldest daughter of Honorable Thomas Swann. That lady died in 1865, leaving one child, a son, now (1879) in the sixteenth year of his age. eno. IW RUNE, FRreperick W., Lawyer, was born SAD in Baltimore, January 26, 1813. His father, : Frederick W. Brune, Senior, was a native of © Bremen, and came to Baltimore in 1799, where he engaged in mercantile business, and in which he continued until his death, in 1860. His mother was Ann Clarke. She was a native of Dublin, Ireland, but in 1787, while yet an infant, was brought to Baltimore by her parents. She was a lady of great excellence and strength of character. The subject of this sketch received the best education which Baltimore then afforded. When fourteen years of age he went to the celebrated Round- Hill School, at Northampton, Massachusetts, which was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the first in this country to elevate and broaden the stand- ard of academic education. He there acquired the French, German and Spanish languages, in addition to the usual school studies, when he entered the junior class of Har- | vard College University, where he graduated in 1831. After his graduation he studied law for » year at the law school of that University, under the eminent teachers Judge Story and Professor Ashmun. He then returned to Balti- more, where he completed his preliminary course of law study in the office of the late Judge John Purviance, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. At Round Hill and at Harvard he was the fellow-student and intimate with men who have since become eminent in literature, politics and science, including, among others, J. Lothrop Motley, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Wendell Phillips, Charles Sum- ner, and Dr. Shattuck, of Boston, who subsequently be- came his brother-in-law. In the years 1836-7, he trav- elled in Europe, passing the winter in Berlin, where he at- tended the lectures of Von Savigny on the Pandects, and Von Raumer on Staats Recht. In 1838, after his return home, he entered into a law partnership under the firm of Brown & Brune, with his friend and early schoolmate and fellow-student in the law, George William Brown, and the partnership was continued until 1873, when Mr. Brown was elected Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Balti- more City. In the meantime the firm had been enlarged by the admission first, of Stewart Brown, and then of Ar- thur George Brown. In connection with William Henry Norris and George William Brown, Mr. Brune prepared the first digest of the Maryland Reports, which was pub- lished in 1847.. In 1852 Mr. Brune was nominated by the Reform party of that day for the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a position for which he was emi- nently qualified; and that being the first occasion on which judges in this State were elected by the people, Mr. Brune, from patriotic motives, was induced to accept the nomination, although his election would have involved the relinquishment of a lucrative practice for a small salary ; but, fortunately for himself, though not for the public, the Reform party was defeated and he was not elected. He, however, led the ticket, with such men as Messrs. Latrobe, Wallis, and Charles Howard nominated with him. This was the only occasion when Mr. Brune had been a candi- date for public office. He was married February 2, 1853, to Emily S. Barton, daughter of Thomas B. Barton, of Fredericksburg, Virginia. From early childhood Mr. Brune was characterized by earnestness of purpose and sincerity and consistency of character. At school, while he was distinguished for persevering industry and good scholarship, he was also a leader in manly sports and a general favorite with his companions. Although he had devoted himself to the practice of the law with untiring assiduity, he yet found time to aid, with his means and personal efforts, public charities and religious enterprises. For many years he was a member of every diocesan con- II vention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland, and, since 1868, of every General Convention of that Church in the United States. His faithful administration of important trusts, his prudent counsel, and his forensic efforts in the courts of the city of Baltimore, in the Court of Appeals at Annapolis, and in the Supreme Court of the United States, placed him among the leaders of the bar in Maryland. The second day before his decease he was en- gaged in the argument of a case connected with the An- napolis and Elkridge Railroad, in the court-room at Annapolis, before Judges Hammond and Hayden, of the Circuit Court of Anne Arundel County, where, in conse- quence of over-exertion and the intense heat, he was stricken down with the illness that fatally terminated so soon. He was immediately removed to the residence of A. B. Hagner, Esq., where he was attended by Dr. Claude. Early the following morning, his own physi- cian, Dr. Donaldson, of Baltimore, was at his bedside. Under his care Mr. Brune was carried to the steamboat that afternoon, and from it taken to his residence, where, at half-past four in the morning of the following day, July 18, 1878, he quietly expired. As was fitting, the Bar of Baltimore took appropriate action in the case; and the courts that were in session were adjourned in respect to his memory. ena OWE, Hon. Enocn Louis, Ex-Governor, was 4 f born August 10, 1820, in Frederick County, Mary- “ye land; commenced his education, in 1829, at St. a John’s College, Frederick. In 1833, he went to Clon- gowe’s College, near Dublin, Ireland, and afterwards matriculated in the Roman Catholic College of Stonyhurst, ‘Lancashire, England, where he remained until the spring of 1839. He passed through the full academic course of that institution, and received several silver medals for scholarship. In 1839, he left England, and, after a Con- tinental tour, returned to Maryland. He studied law in Frederick City, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. His brilliant talents were quickly recognized and appreciated by the people, and in 1845, he was elected to represent his native county, in the Legislature of Maryland. From the period of his entrance into public life, he was acknowl- edged as one of the ablest and most eloquent champions of Democracy in Western Maryland. In May, 1850, before he attained the constitutional age of thirty years, required for that office, he was nominated by the Demo- cratic party, and, on the 2d of October, 1850, triumphantly elected Governor of Maryland, and served until January, 1854. He was an influential member of the National Democratic Convention of 1856, and, in March, 1857, was offered, by President James Buchanan, the appointment of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China, which he declined. On several occasions he was a 12 Democratic candidate for Presidential Elector, and, in 1860, voted for John C. Breckenridge for President, and Joseph Lane for Vice-President. When the civil war broke out, and the proscription, persecution and imprisonment of leading Democrats was commenced by the military in Maryland, he left Frederick, and, in July, 1861, went South and remained there, leading a retired life, until No- vember, 1865, when he returned with his family to Mary- land. On the 1st of May, 1866, he removed to Brooklyn, New York, his present place of residence, and commenced the successful practice of his profession in the city of New York. He married, May 29, 1844, Esther Winder Polk, the daughter of Colonel James and Anne Maria (Stuart) Polk, of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland. Colonel Polk was the son of Judge William Polk, of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, a cousin of President James K. Polk, of Tennessee. Mrs. Anne Maria (Stuart) Polk was the daughter of Dr. Alexander Stuart, a native of Delaware, and his second wife, Mrs. Mary (Perkins) Wilson, the widow of John Wilson, and daughter of Thomas and Ann (Hanson) Perkins, of the White House, Kent County, Maryland. Mrs. Ann (Hanson) Perkins was the daughter of Judge Frederick and Mary (Lowder) Hanson, and the granddaughter of Colonel Hans Hanson, of Kimbolton, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. Governor Lowe had eleven children, Adelaide Vincindier, who married, October 16, 1867, Edmund Austin Jenkins, of Baltimore; Anne Maria; Enoch Louis, who died at Annapolis; Paul Emil; Vivian; Victoire Vincindier; a second Enoch Louis; Alexander Stuart, who died in the South in 1861; Esther Winder; Mary Gorter, and James Polk Lowe, who died in Brooklyn. eA DD! KWeENRY, Proressor Josepu, LL.D., late Sec- OP retary of the Smithsonian Institution, was of 1 ae Scotch Presbyterian descent. His grandpa- iL a rents on both sides landed in New York the a2, day before the battle of Bunker’s Hill. He was born in Albany, New York, December 17, 1797; but, having lost his father at an early age, was sent when seven years old to live with his grandmother and attend school at Galway, in Saratoga County. He remained there seven years, the latter part of the time being spent in a store, attending school in the afternoon. He showed no aptitude for learning, or for excelling in the ordinary sports of boyho&d. He had become fasci- nated with works of fiction, which he procured from the village library, and these had well-nigh destroyed his relish for anything better. On his return to Albany he was apprenticed to his cousin to learn the jewelry trade; but before he had acquired sufficient skill to support him- self by the art, his cousin gave up business, and he gave BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. himself up almost entirely to light reading and the amuse- ments of the theatre. In this course he was suddenly ar- rested by opening a book which had been left upon the table by one of the boarders at his mother’s house. A single page of the book produced a remarkable change in his life. He resolved at once to devote his life to the ac- quisition of knowledge, and immediately commenced taking evening lessons from two of the professors in the Albany Academy. He also attempted to study the lan- guages under a celebrated teacher, and in the meantime to support himself by such chance employment as he could obtain. Failing in this, he abandoned it for that of a teacher of a country district school. He alternated this employment with that of a student at the Academy as he earned the means to meet the necessary expenses. After pursuing this course for some time, he was, through the recommendation of Dr. T. R. Beck, Principal of the Academy, appointed private tutor to the family of General Stephen Van Rensselaer, the patroon of Rensselaerwick. His duties in this position occupied him only about three - hours in the day, and the remainder of his time was spent as an assistant to Dr. Beck in his chemical investigations, and in the study of anatomy and physiology, under Drs. Tulty and Marsh, with a view to graduating in medicine. His course of life, however, was suddenly changed by the offer of an appointment on the survey of a route for a State road from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, through the southern tier of counties. His labors in this work were exceedingly arduous and responsible. Having fin- ished the survey with the approbation of the commissioners, and having become enamoured with the profession of an engineer, he very reluctantly accepted the professorship of mathematics in the Academy, which, in accordance with the wishes of his friend Dr. Beck, he had been elected to fill. The duties of his office did not commence for five or six months, and he devoted the interval to the exploration of the geology of New York, with Professor Eaton, of the Rensselaer School. He entered upon his duties in the Academy in September, 1826, and after devoting some time to the study of mathematics, and other subjects pertaining to his professorship, he commenced a series of original in- vestigations on electricity and magnetism—the first regular series on natural philosophy which had been prosecuted in this country since the days of Franklin. These researches made him favorably known, not only in this country, but also in Europe, and led to his call in 1832, to the chair of Natural Philosophy in the College of New Jersey, at Princeton. In the first year of his course in that college, he gave lectures in natural philosophy, chemistry, miner- alogy, geology, astronomy, and architecture. In this course he demonstrated the feasibility of an electro-mag- netic telegraph, with experimental illustrations. In the year of his call to that chair, he made the discovery of the secondary currents, produced in a long conductor by the induction of the primary current upon itself; and also, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 13 simultaneously with Mr. J. D. Forbes, of Edinburgh, he produced the electric spark by means of a purely mag- netic induction. These discoveries embraced the germ of the science of magneto-electricity, which received subse- quently from Faraday so large a development, and of which the recent practical applications are so numerous and important. In 1835 he declined a most tempting offer made to him by the University of Virginia, to occupy the chair of Natural Philosophy in that institution. Notwith- standing the emoluments connected with the professorship in the Virginia University were greater perhaps than in any other country, he could not consent to leave Prince- ton, where he had experienced so much affectionate kind- ness and appreciation. That decision involved no small pecuniary sacrifice; as the salary at Princeton was small, and scarcely sufficient to support his family and to meet other demands upon him. Professor Henry visited Europe in 1837, and in London held interesting interviews with Professor Wheatstone, the inventor of the needle magnetic telegraph, to whom his discoveries were already well known, and whom he acquainted with his plans for pro- ducing not only signals, but large mechanical effects at distances indefinitely great, by means of electro-magnet- ism. In 1846 he was requested by some of the members of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, then just about to be organized, to give his views as to the best method of realizing the intentions of its founder. In compliance with this request he gave an exposition of the will, and of the method by which it might most efficiently be realized. On account of this exposition, and his scien- tific reputation, he was called to the office of secretary of the institution, which, in fact, constituted him its director. He had many difficulties to contend with at the outset, arising mainly from a misapprehension on the part of Con- gress of the terms of the will, and the commencement of a very expensive building; but by constant perseverance in one line of policy, Professor Henry brought the insti- tution into a condition of financial prosperity and wide reputation. In 1849 he was elected President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1868 he was elected President of the National Academy of Sciences, and was present at the business sessions of its recent meetings, though feebleness prevented him from presiding during the scientific session. He was made Chairman in 1871 of the Lighthouse Board of the United States, an important bureau of the Treasury Department. At the time of the organization of this Board, he was ap- pointed one of its members by President Fillmore; and in connection with it he has been engaged of late years in active and laborious duty. During the war he was ap- pointed one of a commission, together with Professor Bache and Admiral Davis, to examine and report upon various inventions, in the capacity of Chairman of the Committee on Propositions, intended to facilitate the oper- ations against the enemy, and to improve the art of naviga- 3 tion. He was a member of various societies in this country and abroad. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, from Union College in 1829, and from Harvard University in 1871. He published ‘“ Contribution to Elec- tricity and Magnetism ”’ in 1839, and subsequently numer- ous papers of greater or less extent in various scientific journals, and a series of essays on meteorology in the Patent Office Reports. He was the author of the annual reports of the Smithsonian Institution from 1846 to 1871, inclusive. In May, 1830, Professor Henry married Miss Alexander, of Schenectady, New York, sister of Professor Alexander, of Princeton; and from the ardent devotion of his wife, and the fraternal sympathy of her brother in his pursuits, he received assistance and support beyond that which usually fall to the lot of man. He died May 13, 1878, leaving a wife and three daughters. Memorial ser- vices were held at Washington, Thursday evening, Janu- ary 16, 1879, in an editorial notice of which the Baltimore Sun thus referred to the work of Prof. Henry: “ There is a very exquisite sort of propriety in the fact that the Congress of the United States, we might almost say the Government of the United States, should last night have participated in the services in memory of the late Professor Joseph Henry in the same hall and in the same manner that the services were held in memory of the late Samuel F. B. Morse. Henry, of course, was entitled to a distinct- ive notice by Congress and the Executive, from the fact of his long semi-official connection with the Government as secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, member of the Lighthouse Board, etc. But, as distinguished from Morse, who represented in a peculiar manner what Americans are supposed to worship, success, Henry was the very type of the man who devoted himself to science for its own sake, and regardless of the pecuniary emoluments to be reaped from its pursuit. Each of these great men—and they were both very great men—was identified in a particular and specific manner with the discovery and application of the electro-magnetic telegraph. But while Henry, who first discovered the powers of the electro-magnet, and first sent a message to himself over a three-mile circuit of wires, from tree-top to tree-top, back and forth, from his laboratory window at Princeton, was content to pursue the idea thus de- veloped simply in its scientific relations and developments, Morse applied himself at once to developing the practical uses of the discovery and invented the telegraph, the recording apparatus, etc., and gave the whole civilized world one of its best and most useful tools. The exercises last night were full of the spirit of the occasion. Henry’s old gollege at Princeton, to which he went direct from the Albany Academy, which never ceased to honor him, and which he never ceased to love, was fittingly represented in the person of Dr. McCosh and many alumni on the floor, Asa Gray, of Harvard, spoke on the part of the most prominent of Henry’s contemporaries in discovery, in those enthusiastic young days when every forthcoming 14 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. number of S7/Ziman’s Fournal had a new contribution to science from Henry’s pen, while Professor William B. Rogers fittingly represented the junior schools of Ameri- can scientists, who have grown up with Henry’s illustrious example before their eyes. Not that William Barton Rogers is so much younger a man than Henry was, but still he belongs to a younger school. Some of the ablest men in Con- gress also took part in the memorial services and delivered fitting addresses. Every true son of science must rejoice at this tribute to Joseph Henry, the more so because many unthinking people were used to say that he had frittered away the last twenty-five years of his life in routine duties at the Smithsonian, abandoning that field of discovery in which so much was expected of him. The fact is, he wasted not an hour, but was content to sink himself and his own individual aspirations and achievements for the sake of organizing systems of American research, which he knew would eventually bring forth a hundred fold as much fruit as could be plucked by his individual effort. Those who look back at the actual work done by him— who recollect that he instituted the meteorological observa- tions which have given us the Weather Bureau, that he was a founder of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, that he first started the investigations into American antiquities, that he first organized the exploring expedition which men like Hayden are so splendidly carrying out; that, in fact, he was the originator of half of our present systems of research—will be able to under- stand something of the absolute self-oblivion and self-ab- negation which, after all, were Henry’s most noble charac- teristics.’” qo Rev. Francis EpwarD, a distinguished Pul- Sa pit Orator and Lecturer, was born September 6, “ 1827, in Baltimore, Maryland. Both of his parents & were natives of County Fermanagh, Ireland. His father, Edward: Boyle, belonged to an old and highly cultured family, which gave to Ireland more than one bright mind and brave arm. He came to this country when quite young, and settled in Baltimore, where he married Miss Ellen Smith. Thirteen children were the issue of this marriage, the eldest of whom is the subject of this sketch. Francis’s mother was related through her maternal uncle to the celebrated Father Bogue, one of Ireland’s most gifted orators and distinguished scholars. When he was thirteen years of age, Francis was sent to St. Mary’s College, Bal- timore, an institution governed by the Sulpitians. There he spent six years, graduating in 1846, after a thorough course in the classics, English and mathematics. Long before the completion of his college career, he determined to embrace the ecclesiastical state. With a view to this end, he began his theological studies in St. Mary’s Seminary, soon after graduating from the college, which was at that time the classical department of the seminary. As a semi- narist, Mr. Boyle was earnest, devout and studious. He was beloved both by his superiors and fellow-students. On the 21st of November, 1851, he was ordained a Priest by the venerable Archbishop Kenrick, and immediately placed in charge of the Missions in Montgomery County, Maryland, with his residence at Rockville. In the fall of 1853, he removed to St. Peter’s Church, Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia, as assistant to the Rev. E. A. Knight, in which position he continued for a few months, when he became assistant to Rev. T. J. O’ Toole, Pastor of St. Pat- rick’s, in the same city; and in May, 1862, returned to St. Peter’s, of which, on the death of Father Knight, he became pastor, and continued to discharge the duties of that position with zeal and efficiency until 1878. Upon the death of the venerable Doctor White, pastor of St. Matthews, the eminent abilities of Father Boyle, and his arduous and successful labors in the pastoral office, pointed him out to Archbishop Gibbons as a fit and worthy suc- cessor of the learned and saintly divine, whose death was a loss alike to religion and literature. Few men have worked in a wider field and accomplished more good than Father Boyle. He has a powerful and well-trained mind and a vigorous body; he is a noble-hearted priest and an accomplished scholar, respected, admired and beloved by all, irrespective of creed, party or position. He isa gen- erous friend to the poor, and the counsellor of the dis- tressed and the afflicted. During the civil war, President Lincoln selected him as a Chaplain in the army, and, as such, he had charge of six hospitals in and around Wash- ington. The hospitals were crowded with sick, wounded and dying soldiers. Day and night Father Boyle minis- tered to their physical and spiritual wants, consoling, cheering and preparing them for their final home. Father Boyle’s work and home have not been confined to Wash- ington City. “His wide and varied learning, his gifts as a lecturer, and his sparkling wit have been called for and freely given to the furtherance of charitable purposes, and the promotion of good works in the distant parts of the country. His lectures, which embrace many subjects, are marked by a freshness of description and frankness of statement, as well as force and impressiveness. One of his latest lectures, “ Reminiscences of an Army Chaplain,” is characterized by a spirit of excellent good humor, and abounds in witticisms, for which Father Boyle is noted. His last lecture, “The Church and Civil Liberty,” is de- servedly popular, and evinces a cogency of reasoning and deep theological knowledge concerning both the dogmatic and moral teachings of the Catholic Church. Asa pulpit orator, Father Boyle holds high rank. His fine physique, prepossessing features, clear, resonant voice and scholarly language, all combine in making his sermons attractive and instructive. As an orator, nature has done much for him. He is eminently social, and all who have occasion to ap- proach him are impressed with his genial, affable manner, ‘BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 15 his great kindness of heart, and his eagerness to render services which often demand great self-sacrifice. KWeARRISON, Rev. WiLiiAmM P., D.D., LL.D., ek Chaplain of the Forty-fifth Congress, and Pas- ox copal Church South, Washington, D. C., was born in Savannah, Ga., September 3, 1830. At pursuits, which, added to a remarkable power of applica- tion and facility in the acquisition of knowledge, gave of a profession, every consideration of personal advance- ment, seconded by the counsels of friends, urged “him to ment of those honors which his friends believed him qual- ified to win. After a brief conflict with ambition and per- mother, he determined to consecrate his life to the Gospel ministry. Accordingly, in January, 1850, he entered the South. For several years thereafter he was engaged in the Itinerant Ministry, his labors being very arduous, and ex- first stationed in Atlanta. That city then contained two Methodist churches, with four hundred and seventy-seven there, in November, 1877, the number of churches had been increased to seven, and the number of communi- ceived the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Emory College, and in 1870, was elected, by the General published in Nashville, Tenn. In 1871, he resigned his position as editor and resumed his pastoral charge in At- gant church edifice, which was completed at a cost of eighty thousand dollars. In 1873, he was chosen to repre- Society, held that year in Philadelphia, where he was re- ceived with distinguished honors. In 1877, he accepted tives, which position was tendered him without any solici- tation whatever on his part to obtain it. At the same Place Methodist Episcopal Church South, Washington, where his ministry has been attended with marked success. increasing in number, and his profound scholarship and ability as a pulpit orator have made him very popular diligent student, and all his intellectual efforts have been directed toward the advancement of the cause of Christi- tor of Mount Vernon Place Methodist Epis- a very early age he developed a fondness for literary promise of a career of eminent usefulness. -In the choice the adoption of the law as the surest path to the attain- sonal interest, however, under the influence of a devoted Georgia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church tending over a wide field. In November, 1865, he was communicants. When Dr. Harrison closed his ministry cants, to two thousand seven hundred. In 1867, he re- Conference, editor of the Methodist Monthly Magazine, lanta, where he laid the corner-stone of a large and ele- sent the South at the Anniversary of the American Bible the Chaplaincy of the United States House of Representa- time he was appointed to the pastorate of Mount Vernon The membership of his church, already large, is steadily among all classes. From youth Dr. Harrison has been a anity. Under the direction of Dr. James A. Alexander, of Princeton, Dr. Harrison began the study of the Oriental languages, which he has for many years pursued with great enthusiasm. He has accumulated a library of four thousand volumes, containing forty-four versions of the Sacred Scriptures, in twenty-seven languages, together with much interesting Oriental literature. Whenever he has been drawn into controversy, he has proven himself a powerful opponent. His sermons and addresses are characterized by their clearness, force and logical arrangement, and, in controversy, his bearing toward adversaries the most bit- ter, is eminently dignified and Christianly. As a literary critic, he exhibits the highest order of intellectual culture and taste. One who has been under his ministry has written of Dr. Harrison as follows: ‘In character, he pre- sents most prominently the gentler features of the Chris- tian life—charity and modesty. His sermons evince at all times careful thought, and being gifted with rare descrip- tive powers, he often transports his hearers to unimagined heights. He seems, however, rather to avoid than to seek any display of his own powers; and the uniform tendency to instruct and elevate into the higher life may, perhaps, most justly be termed the distinguishing characteristic of his ministry. Whether he deals learnedly with questions of science, or speaks but of faith, the burden of his preach- ing is always the Gospel of Christ; and whatever may be his own trials, his sermons are always warm with sympa- thy for others, and full of earnest experience and Christian hope.” We OND, Hon. FRANK A., Adjutant and Inspector- SA General of the State of Maryland, was born Feb- < ruary 6, 1838, in Bel Air, Harford County, Mary- 7 land, being the eldest son of Major William B. and Charlotte H. (Richardson) Bond. His father was.a prominent lawyer, and for about thirty years was State’s Attorney for Harford County. He was descended from one of three brothers who came from England in the first company with Lord Baltimore, and from whom have sprung all the families of that name in the State. Several of the name were conspicuous in the war of the Revolu- tion, and also in the war of 1812. On Battle Monument, in Baltimore city, is inscribed the name of one Benjamin Bond, who fell in the battle of North Point. The three brothers, or their immediate descendants, were supposed to have been Quakers, but none of the families now profess that faith. Samuel Bond, the grandfather of General F. A. Bond, was for many years Sheriff of Harford County; he was killed in a duel in 1810. General Bond was edu- cated at the Bel Air Academy in Harford County, from which he graduated in 1856, and the following year went to reside on a farm in Anne Arundel County, where he re- mained till 1861. His sympathies being with the South, on the breaking out of the war, he raised a company for the Confederate service, and upon the coming of General 16 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Butler’s army to that county, he made his escape across the Potomac with the arms and uhiforms of his company, which he delivered to Colonel, afterwards General Stone- wall Jackson, at Harper’s Ferry, and by whom he was ap- pointed Drill Master, with the rank of Captain, but after one month he resigned his position and enlisted as a private soldier in a Maryland cavalry troop, which became Company M, First’. Virginia Cavalry. He was soon promoted, and one week after the battle of Bull Run he was elected to a lieutenancy ‘in that company. He had enlisted but for one year, which expired May 14, 1862, when he, as First Lieutenant, with Captain, after- wards Colonel Ridgely Brown, raised Company A, First Maryland Cavalry. This company was the nucleus of the First Maryland Battalion, of which Captain Brown became the Colonel, and Lieutenant Bond was made the Captain of Company A. His company was so thoroughly disci- plined that it was chosen by General Ewell to accompany him for special advance and other duty on the invasion of Pennsylvania. service at the battle of Gettysburg and on the retreat as far as Hagerstown, where he led a cavalry charge in the streets of that city. He was wounded in the knee on this occasion and taken prisoner. At the end of a year General Bradley S. Johnson, having captured a cousin of his, Cap- tain Tyler, released him on the promise that he would return Captain Bond, which promise was faithfully kept. Returning from imprisonment, he was soon after offered the very flattering promotion to be made Colonel of the battalion. This, however, the wound in his knee, which was still serious, compelled him to decline, and he was made Chief of the Staff for General C. Leventhorpe, which position he held till the close of the war. He was paroled at Greensboro, North Carolina, with General Joe Johnston’s army. Afterwards, he again settled down in Anne Arundel County, and continued farming, but soon began to take an interest in public affairs, and was promi- nent in the canvass of 1871, when he was candidate for the Senate, but was unsuccessful. In 1874, he was ap- pointed to the office of Adjutant-General of the State of Maryland by Governor Groom, and was reappointed by Governor Carroll in 1877. He was married in 1859 to Miss R. Cassandra, daughter of Captain John A. Webster, of Harford County, by whom he had two children, Vir- ginia and Ridgeley Brown Bond. Mrs. Bond died in 1875. He was married again in 1877 to Miss Melissa Hughes, daughter of Dr. Alfred Hughes, of Baltimore city. 2TEWART, James Aucustus, Chief Judge of the S First Judicial Circuit of Maryland, and one of x the Judges of the Court of Appeals, was born in : Dorchester County, Maryland, November 24, 1808. He was married in 1837, and has a family of six children, three sons and three daughters. He is a resident 4 In this capacity, he rendered important: of Cambridge, in that county, where he is universally recognized as one of the most estimable, useful and public- spirited of citizens. His ancestry came from Scotland. He was first sent to a country school, where he exhibited a high order of talent and an eager desire to become master of every branch of learning. He was generally found at the head of his classes. At the age of fifteen, he was placed in Franklin College, Baltimore, where he made rapid progress, manifesting a peculiar fondness for mathematics, which made him a great favorite with Pro- fessor Allen, the author of a work on that subject. He became well versed in the elements of learning. He commenced the study of law in 1827, under Mayor E. L. Finley, in Baltimore; was admitted to the bar in Balti- more in 1829, and commenced practice at the April Term of the Court at Cambridge in the same year. His first public effort was an oration, July 4, 1829, for which he was much complimented. Much bitterness of feeling then resulted from political contests, in which members of the bar took an active part. It was the time of the Adams and Jackson parties, the former having very largely the ascendency in that county and throughout the State. Mr. Stewart was an active member of the latter. The advo- cates of the Jackson party had to encounter fierce and for- midable opposition politically, professionally, and, to some extent, socially. Under these circumstances he had no- easy task to maintain his position, having to rely mainly upon his own exertions in the advancement of his pro- fessional fortunes. Mr. Stewart felt that his own success, as well as that of his party, required that a firm and decided stand should be taken and maintained. He was one of the electoral candidates in his district on the Jackson ticket in 1832. In 1843, he was elected to the Legislature from his native county, which was regarded as a great triumph for him and his party. The Democrats of the House of Delegates, although in a minority, complimented him by their solid vote for the Speakership. He was placed on the Committee of Ways and Means, of which the late Chancellor Johnson was chairman. He was a delegate to the Democratic Convention which met in Bal- timore in 1844, and nominated James K. Polk for Presi- dent, and George M. Dallas for Vice-President. He was also a thember of the Democratic Convention which assembled at Cincinnati in 1856, that nominated James Buchanan for the Presidency, and John C. Breckenridge for the Vice-Presidency. In 1847, he was supported bya large body of friends in the Democratic State Convention, which met at Annapolis for the nomination for Governor of the State, but was defeated by four votes. In the year 1854, upon the resignation of Judge Ara Spence, he was recommended by the bar, without distinction of party, to supply the vacancy, and was duly commissioned by the Governor to be Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. Upon the expiration of the term, it was desired by the people and the bar that he should be a candidate for elec- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 17 tion to the same position; but he declined, preferring to run for Congress, although the district was doubtful and the chances against him. He was, however, elected over his competitor, the late John Dennis. Mr. Dennis had repeatedly represented his district in Congress. As a member of Congress, Judge Stewart commanded from the first the high respect of that body; he expressed his views freely, clearly and forcibly upon all leading questions, and the reports of his speeches in the Congressional Glode evi- dence his deep research and thorough acquaintance with all vital questions, constitutional and otherwise, under dis- cussion, and rank him among the ablest jurists of the nation. He was re-elected to Congress in 1857, and again in 1859. Throughout his Congressional services of six years, consecutively, he industriously discharged his duties as confided to him by the people of his district. The late civil war having commenced in 1861, Judge Stewart declined being again a candidate for Con- gress. In 1867, the people of his county desired him to represent them in the State Constitutional Convention, but he declined, as his private affairs called for close personal attention. Under the provisions of the new Constitution respecting the Judiciary, one Chief Judge, and two Asso- ciate Judges from different counties in the Judicial Circuits were required for each Court. Upon the urgent solicita- tion of his friends of the First Circuit, comprising Dor- chester, Somerset, Worcester and Wicomico counties, he consented to be a candidate, and was elected in the fall of 1867, the Chief Judge, for a term of fifteen years. His duties as such require his attendance in the Court of Appeals, which holds its sessions in the city of Annapolis, not less than ten months in the year, if the business before it so requires. But little opportunity, therefore, is afforded him to attend the courts upon his circuit. When he is permitted to do so, he is proverbial for prompt and faithful dispatch of the public business. His opinions, as one of the Judges of the Appellate Court, upon questions adjudi- cated by it, may be found in the published reports of cases disposed of by that Court. Its decisions require much attention and laborious research, and furnish evidence of the industry and ability of the members of ‘that bench. Judge Stewart is 4 man of vigorous constitution, exem- plary habits and genial temperament. It is to be hoped he may live many years to adorn the social circle of which he is a cherished member, and to contribute his experience and attainments:to the public service. SYRN, WILLIAM WItson, Esq., of Cambridge, Maryland, President of the Dorchester and Dela- ~ ware Railroad, was born March 29, 1811. His YT. father, Henry Byrn, was a merchant for many { years in Cambridge. He is of English descent. His mother was Miss Hester Marshall, daughter of Elijah Marshall, a farmer of Dorchester County. Their son, William Wilson, was educated at the Cambridge Academy, beginning at the age of six years and continuing until his thirteenth year, when, for his services as an assistant teacher, he was taught the higher English branches, thereby earning his own education. At the age of sixteen years, he entered his father’s store as a clerk, and in his twenty-first year was made a partner in the business, In 1838, he went to Baltimore and engaged as clerk for Israel Griffith, a wholesale drygoods dealer, where he continued until 1844. He then formed a partnership with O. C. Tiffany and Ellis B. Long, under the firm of Tiffany, Long and Byrn. He retired from business in 1855, and removed to his farm, known as Rose Hill, in the vicinity of his native town. He purchased that property a year before, fitted up the dwelling with all the modern conveniences, and has since resided there. He has also improved the land to such an extent that one of the fields, which only produced forty-nine barrels of corn at the time of the purchase, has since yielded two hundred and ninety barrels. The finest stock of Alderney cattle, and a fine flock of Southdown sheep, together with other stock of superior character are on his farm. Cambridge lies on the Choptank River in Dorchester County, about seventy miles from Baltimore, and all its commercial intercourse was at that time with that city. There was no outlet for the products of the county northward, where peaches and other fruits were beginning to be grown, could find a market. Seeing the need of a railroad to connect with the trunk line at Seaford or some other suitable point, he called the first meeting of his fellow- citizensin favor of sucharoad. At that meeting he presided and made a speech which carried conviction to all minds. That meeting was held October 30, 1865. Mr. Byrn and others succeeded in obtaining subscriptions from private sources to the amount of $100,000, besides $50,000 from the county and $101,000 from the State. Mr. Byrn was elected president in May, 1866, and has been annually re-elected since. Ground was broken October 23, 1867, and the road was completed and a train run through a distance of thirty-three miles, November 8, 1869. The opening day was a great occasion for the citizens of the county, who provided a grand banquet, and received as guests Gov- ernor Swann and other State officers, together with promi- nent men from Baltimore and other places. This road has developed the county, and towns and villages dotting its line tell of prosperity, arising, in large measure, from the untiring energy of Mr. Byrn. The present harbor of Cam- bridge admitting vessels drawing eleven feet of water was not navigable except by the smallest craft. Mr. Byrn went to work with his usual energy, and, with the help of gen- tlemen in and out of Congress, succeeded in obtaining twenty-five thousand dollars, which, with seven thousand voted by the town, has made it what it is. The wharf of the Maryland Steamboat Company, at the mouth of Cam- bridge Creek, and the depot of the Dorchester and Dela- 18 ware Railroad adjoin each other, and a track runs on the wharf by which freight is delivered at the gang-plank of the steamboats. Mr. Byrn was also the agent in procuring the erection of the Benonie’s Point Light, which is greatly sérviceable to vessels navigating the waters contiguous thereto. Mr. Byrn, by birth, education and choice, is a Methodist. He has been twice married; first, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of William Jenkins, Esq., of Talbot County ; and second, to Miss Clara, daughter of Dr. Simon Kollock Wilson, of Delaware. Dr. Wilson married Louisa, daughter of Dr. John P. White, of Lewes, Delaware. Mrs. Byrn’s great-grandfathers, on her father’s and mother’s side, were colonels in the Revolutionary war. Truly can it be said of President Byrn that he is a most valued and highly esteemed citizen. Combining, in an admirable de- gree, dauntless energy, broad comprehensiveness, rare business capacity and extensive commercial experience, he has ever been foremost in every movement looking to the advancement of Cambridge and the development of the resources of Dorchester; while the marvellous success with which he has managed the Dorchester and Delaware Rail- road, under the most trying difficulties, has marked him as a railroad financier of no ordinary ability. His will ever be one of the names that will stand out prominently and inseparably, in connection with the growth and prosperity of his section. A. S. ABELL. By WILLIAM H. CARPENTER. PRR BELL, ARUNAH S., the founder and proprietor of ol \: the Baltimore Sun, was bornin East Providence, Se RL, August 10, 1806. His first American ” progenitor was Preserved Abell, who, with three of h his brothers, sons of Robert Abell of England, em- igrated to Massachusetts in the earlier days of that colony. Preserved Abell settled in the town of Seekonk, in the pres- ent township of that name, but then known as Rehoboth; the Providence River separating it from the State of Rhode Island. Robert Abell, his grandson, served with honor and distinction in the war of the Revolution. Caleb Abell, the son of Robert, and father of A. S. Abell, was an officer con- nected with the Quartermaster’s Department in the war of 1812. There is an ancient chair, still in possession of the Abell family, which has been handed down through several generations as a memorial heirloom of King Philip’s war, and is called King Philip’s chair. According to Barber, in his historical collection of memoranda relating to Massa- chusetts, it is a tradition of the Abell family that King Philip, the famous chief of the Wampanoag tribe of Indians, who BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. resided across the Providence River at Mount Hope in Rhode Island, before he entered upon the bloody and de- vastating war that only ended with his death, was in the habit of frequently visiting the house of Preserved Abell, and whenever he came this chair, being “the big arm chair” of the house, was brought forth as a mark of dis- tinction for his seat. At the burning of Seekonk, in 1676, the Indians brought the chair out of the Abell house for their chief to sit in and witness the conflagration. When they left that house for another, an Indian threw a fire- brand into the chair, which consumed the bottom, but left the huge frame uninjured, except such scorching as the parts received to which the bottom was attached. After the war of 1812, Caleb Abell, the son of Robert Abell and the father of Arunah S. Abell, served the people of his township for more than thirty years in various offices of trust and responsibility, receiving at each election the al- most unanimous vote of his constituents. His wife, the mother of Arunah S. Abell, was a daughter of Colonel Arunah Shepherdson, and by those who knew her is said to have been of superior character and intelligence. Arunah S. Abell, after acquiring at the school to which he was sent the elements of a plain education, was placed, at the age of about fourteen years, in the store of Mr. Bishop, a dealer in what was then called “West India goods.’’ But, at the end of two years, his youthful ambition prompted him to seek a wider field for the exercise of his talents. His desire was to be a printer, and with the consent of his father he left Mr. Bishop in October, 1822, and entered as an apprentice the office of the Providence Patriot, a Democratic journal, conducted by Messrs. Jones & Whee- ler, who, at that time, were also printers to the State and Federal governments. At the expiration of his apprentice- ship Mr. Abell went to Boston, taking with him letters of introduction to Mr. Greene of the ost, and Mr. Bucking- ham of the Courier. He immediately obtained employ- ment in one of the best offices of the city, of which he was soon made foreman. On the election of General Jackson to the Presidency, in 1828, he appointed Mr. Greene post- master of Boston, who offered Mr. Abell an important clerkship under him, This he respectfully declined, on the ground that he had a definite object in life which he was resolved to pursue, and from which he would not per- mit any prospect of gain or promotion in any other career to divert him. That object was to so perfect himself in the practical details of his profession as to qualify him, eventually, to become the manager of a public journal. Having confidence in his ability to make his way in a wider field of action, and seeing that New York offered better opportunities for facilitating the purpose he had formed, he went there with letters of introduction to Major Noah and Colonel Webb of the Courier, Colonel Stone of the Ad- vertiser, and Colonel Morris of the A@irror. He soon ob- tained employment. But the better advantage that New York gave him was that it brought him into personal rela- Gass so SSS SSRN See SS Se SS SSS SN BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Ig tion with many members of the craft who have since become distinguished in the higher walks of journalism. It was at this time he formed an acquaintance with William M. Swain and Azariah H. Simmons, both of whom were practical printers. Three years before this the initiative in the publication of cheap daily papers—“ the penny press”? as it was called—had been taken in New York. The enterprise had met with such remarkable success, that Messrs. Swain and Simmons proposed to Mr. Abell that they should start another penny paper in New York on their joint account. Mr. AbeH declined, believing that the field for such papers was already fully occupied there by the Sun, Transcript and Herald. We was willing, he said, to join them in starting a penny paper in Philadelphia. The suggestion being favorably received, the three associ- ates forthwith entered into articles of agreement, which were drawn up and signed on the 2oth of February, 1836. The original document, handsomely framed, ig in posses- sion of Mr. Abell, and will doubtless be kept as an heirloom in his family. It was at first intended to call the new paper “The Times,” and this name was inserted in the articles of copartnership; but there were local reasons why it should be abandoned, and Mr. Abell proposed, instead, the “Public Ledger,’ which was adopted. Thus the memorable association of Swain, Abell, and Simmons, was formed, and on the 25th of March, 1836, the first num- ber of the Public Ledger was issued. Each page was nine by thirteen inches in size. The Philadelphia public, ac- customed, at that time, to move in old grooves, was slow to appreciate the benefits of the cheap press. The new paper struggled for existence for some time, and Mr. Abéll’s partners, growing disheartened, proposed to discontinue it ; but yielded to Mr. Abell’s solicitations to hold on until their funds were exhausted. Soon afterwards, the editor- ial boldness of the paper began to attract attention. Its strictures on local apathy and lack of public spirit were felt. Its circulation and advertising increased, and before the end of the year the Ledger was ona paying basis. Early in 1837, thinking there might be a promising open- ing for the publication of a similar paper in Baltimore, Mr. Abell proposed that he should go on there and examine into the feasibility of the enterprise, and, with the approval of his partners, in April, 1837, he visited Baltimore for the first time. All the papers then published there were “ six- pennies.”” From the proprietors of the several journals whom he consulted he met with very small encouragement. Their doubts had much to justify them. The year 1837 was one of great financial disaster and business depres- sion. But it was not in Mr. Abell’s nature to be anywise discouraged by difficulties that in his judgment were sur- mountable by perseverance. He believed that such a pa- per under judicious management would succeed. His partners were not so sanguine; but they were willing he. should hazard the experiment on condition that he would assume the immediate responsibility and personal control. | States. To this he consented. Type and materials were at once ordered, a Hoe cylinder press purchased, that being the best printing press then extant, and on the 17th of May, 1837, the first number of THE SuN was issued from the of- fice of publication on Light Street, and a copy left at the door of nearly every house in Baltimore. In its salutatory it laid down the platform by which the editorial conduct of the paper was to be governed in the following words: “We shall give no place to religious controversy nor to political discussions of merely partisan character. On political principles and questions involving the honor or interest of the whole country we shall be firm and temper- . ate. Our object will be the common good, without regard to sections, factions or parties, and for this object we shall labor without fear or partiality.” These principles, so clearly enunciated at the outset of the career of THE Sun, have been steadfastly adhered to ever since. The Sun was better received in Baltimore than the Ledger in Phila- delphia. It made friends from the first. In less than three months it had a larger circulation than the Ledyer had been able to attain at the end of nine months. Within a year it had more than twice the circulation of the old- est-established paper in Baltimore. The position it thus early reached it has maintained and strengthened year by year ever since, its circulation keeping pace not only with the increase of population, which has been nearly quad- tupled since 7he Sun was started, but extending into every part of Maryland, and into many portions of the adjoining At the end of two years the business of The Sun had outgrown its original quarters, and in 1839 Mr. Abell purchased the property at the southeast corner of Balti- more and Gay Streets, and after adapting it to its new uses, removed the whole establishment to that location. In the course of a few years the business had increased so much that more extensive accommodations became necessary. It was then decided to buy the ground and erect such a building as would be complete in all its appointments for newspaper purposes, whilst in the beauty of its design it should be an ornament to the city. The lot at the corner of Baltimore and South Streets, in the very centre of the business part of the city, was bought by Mr. Abell for about fifty thousand dollars, and an iron building—the first of its kind in the’United States, if not in the world—erected thereon, according to the plans of the inventor, Mr. James Bogardus, of New York. At the death of Mr. Simmons, in December, 1855, Messrs. Swain and Abell formed a new partnership and continued as before the business of the two establishments—Mr. Swain remaining in Philadel- phia and Mr. Abell in Baltimore. At the breaking out of the war the position of Mr. Abell was peculiarly trying. His personal feeling inclined to the Southern side; those of Mr. Swain to the extreme Northern. In the heat of sectional antagonism it required the most delicate manage- ment of Zhe Sun to save it from suppression on the one hand, or loss of circulation on the other. At the same 20 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. time the ill health of Mr. Swain prevented him from giv- ing the Ledger his active personal supervision. Under these circumstances Mr. Abell notified Mr. Swain of his willingness to dispose of his interest in the Ledger, and in 1864 that paper was sold to Messrs. Childs and Drexel of Philadelphia. The interest of Mr. Swain in 7he Suz con- tinued until his death, in 1868, but Mr. Abell had the en- tire conduct of the paper in his hands as from the begin- ning. At the death of Mr. Swain Mr. Abell became sole proprietor of the paper, of which he was the founder and whose reputation was of his making. Zhe Suz under Mr. Abell’s careful and judicious management had been a suc- cess from the beginning. As population enlarged Zhe Szez kept pace with the times and with the progress of journal- ism in the country. It has studied the wants of its par- ticular community, and the aim of its proprietor has been to make it a faithful and full record of current events and incidents. Its field in Maryland, Virginia, and at other accessible points in the adjacent States, it has occupied without a rival, and has built up a reputation for the fresh- ness of its news, the trustworthiness of its reports, and the impartiality of its editorial comments on public questions, that has given it great power and influence within its par- ticular sphere, and made its name a familiar household word. In his conduct of Zhe Sum and in his relations with his partners Mr. Abell has exhibited sound judgment, a spirit of enterprise, and the faculty of holding on under circumstances of discouragement. When his partners faltered he stood firm. It was this tenacity of purpose that saved the Ledger when, after a precarious existence of a few months his partners would have abandoned the en- terprise. Yielding to his persuasions they held on. Then came a favorable turn in its affairs. It began to prosper, and that other great journalistic venture upon which he had set his thoughts—the establishment of a penny paper in Baltimore—became possible. Messrs. Swain, Abell and Simmons were the first printers and publishers to adopt the rotary printing machines invented by Mr. Hoe of New York. They had been pronounced impracticable by the New York publishers of newspapers. They examined, and being satisfied they would work smoothly and much more rapidly than the old style of printing press, intro- duced them into their respective establishments in Phila- delphia and Baltimore, and thus led the way for their general use. They were of the four-cylinder class, aver- aging about twelve thousand impressions per hour. No less than five hundred million impressions of the Daily and Weekly Sz were struck off by them between the time they were put up and October, 1870, when they were replaced by two improved Hoe machines, capable at ordi- nary speed of throwing off thirty thousand impressions per hour. In the gathering and publication of important news in advance of other journals, the Sw was always fore- most. During the Mexican war Mr. Abell bore his share of the expense of the once famous “ Pony Express,” whereby, with relays of fleet horses, through those parts of the Southern States in which the mail service was slow and unsatisfactory, Ze San was enabled to furnish the country with the latest news from the seat of war, and the Govern- ment with information of important military operations, days in advance of its own dispatches. On many other occa- sions subsequently, until the magnetic telegraph was brought into general use, similar forethought and vigor of action was displayed. The same energetic policy has ever since been pursued by 7%e Sez in the collection of news of local or public interest from outlying points untouched by the tele- graph, and also in its foreign and domestic correspondence. In that greatest of all modern inventions, the Morse mag- netic telegraph, Mr. Abell, at an early day, took a deep interest, and when Congress was at length induced to ap- propriate thirty thousand dollars for the construction of an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore, the first document of any length transmitted over the wire was the President’s message, telegraphed to the Baltimore Suz. The achievement created profound interest abroad, and as a matter of scientific history, the Suz’s telegraphic copy of the message was reprinted by the Academy of Sciences of Paris, side by side with an authenticated copy of the original. Afterwards, when a company was formed for the extension of telegraphic communication from Wash- ington to New York, Messrs. Swain, Abell & Simmons were associated with Professor Morse, the Hon. Amos Kendall, R. M. Hoe, and others in the enterprise. The history of the Baltimore Sz is thus intimately connected with the introduction and utilization of three great modern inventions,—the construction of iron buildings, the use of rotary printing machines, and the magnetic telegraph. When the civil war was brought to a close, The Suz, re- flecting the conservative disposition of its proprietor, took the lead in counselling moderation, and the exercise of a spirit of conciliation and forbearance on both sides. It took some years for the hot blood, engendered by the strife, to cool. But the views then held by 7%e Sun, and the calm, steady, persistence with which it continued to urge them, there is reason to believe, aided very materially in bringing about a kindlier feeling between the sections. Whatever power and influence 7he Sun has acquired— and it is acknowledged to be very great—is due solely to Mr. Abell. From the first he has been the controlling spirit. Calm, cautious, and methodical, he brought to the conduct of the paper, business ‘qualities of a high order, and a quiet firmness that was felt in all its departments; whilst his close personal supervision has kept it true, both to the letter and spirit of_its salutatory. He has put the impress of his own character upon it so strongly that it may be said to have become indelible. Never sensa- tional; always aiming to be just; temperate in general, but bold enough when the occasion demands it, there is no journal in the country whose opinions have more weight, or in whose judgment more confidence is reposed. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, 21 Although offices of trust or honor have frequently been pressed upon Mr. Abell, he has invariably declined them. He has held, at times, the position of director in a num- ber of corporations, to which he has been elected without desiring it, and sometimes without his consent. Zhe Sun and the Ledger have been to him an ample fortune in themselves; but his investments outside of these enter- prises have been judiciously made. Besides those that are immediately profitable, he holds several large landed estates in the vicinity of Baltimore, that are prospectively of very great value. Upon one of these, “ Guilford,” 9 noble suburban estate of three hundred acres, within a short distance of the city, and bounded by the two main avenues leading northward from it, he resides during the summer with the younger members of his family. His former country residence, ‘‘ Woodbourne,” a handsome property, of some two hundred acres, is occupied by his two elder sons. The wife of Mr. Abell was the second daughter of Mr. John Fox, born in Peeksville, N. Y., an estimable lady, full of all charity, and freely dispensing of her means to the poor. She died in 1858. The fruits of this union were twelve children, eight of whom, three sons and five daughters, still survive. George’s County, Maryland, December 29, 1822. “? His grandfather, John Crow, emigrated with his $ family to this country from England, and at first engaged in the importing business with the late Thomas C. Wright, of Georgetown, D. C., but afterwards removed to the neighborhood of Snicker’s Ferry, on the Shenandoah River, Frederick, now Clarke County, Virginia. Here, his son, John, father of the subject of this sketch, spent his boyhood, returning, however, in his minority to George- town to engage in mercantile pursuits. Some time later he purchased the property of Adelphi Mills, where he married Ann Mildred Newton, the mother of John Taylor Crow. While the latter was still a youth, his father again returned to Georgetown and resumed business there. Dur- ing his boyhood Mr. Crow manifested a strong inclination to enter journalism ; and in 1841, at the age of nineteen, he purchased the Georgetown Advocate. The first number issued under his editorship appeared on the Ist of May. In his salutatory, the young editor boldly espoused those principles of independent journalism which have charac- terized his editorial career. At the same time he expressed a preference for the fixed principles of the Whig party of 1776 and 1840, as those which should govern the future course politically of the paper. The Advocate prospered, and when, in February, 1843, the office was destroyed by fire, Mr. Crow was equal to the emergency. Within the fortnight following he had fitted up a more complete estab- 4 ROW, JoHN Tavior, Managing Editor of the Bal- Ie timore Su, was born at Adelphi Mills, Prince x/ lishment and enlarged the paper. Noting this piece of enter- prise, the Washington Spectafor,a Democratic journal, edited by the brother of General Joseph E. Johnston, said at the time: “ We are glad to hear that the Georgetown Advocate will not be extinguished by its recent conflagration. It is a paper conducted with spirit, intelligence, and decorum ; and as such, its extinction would be generally regretted.” During much of this period, Mr. Crow was also actively engaged in mercantile business with his father. Under his judicious and enterprising direction, the Advocate was suc- cessful beyond expectation, winning its way into public confidence and favor by the reliability of its news, and the vigor and fearlessness of its editorial utterances. In 1847, however, he disposed of the paper to Ezekiel Hughes, in- tending to establish a daily paper in Chicago, then a small city of bright promise; but, pending the settlement of his affairs in Georgetown, he was offered by A. S. Abell & Co. the position of assistant editor of the Baltimore Sus, which he accepted, and entered upon his duties the follow- ing spring. The onerous and responsible duties of that position he continued to discharge for fourteen years; hav- ing postponed and finally abandoned on account of deli- cate health his contemplated newspaper enterprise in Chi- cago. The outbreak of hostilities, in 1861, found his health so seriously shattered, sorely tried as it had been by domestic affliction and the excitements and anxieties inci- dent to the times just preceding the civil war, that com- plete rest became indispensable, and he was forced to tem- porarily withdraw from active newspaper work. On the eve of the memorable third session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress, in 1862, his health having by that time some- what improved, he undertook the them delicate charge of conducting the Sam’s bureau of Washington correspond: - ence, including the reports of the proceedings of Con- gress, for that and other journals. Through all this critical period, ending only with the near conclusion of the war, he continued at his post, attending personally the Senate, and reporting its business and debates. But a far greater work awaited him. The conclusion of the war found the State of Maryland in a condition peculiarly trying in a political as well as national sense. She had been of the middle ground in the struggle, bound by her geographical and general interests to the preservation of the Union, and allied by her labor system to the cause of the South. With her people divided in sentiment in the outset, but conform- ing to the law ultimately, she had, nevertheless, felt the heavy hand of military rule. During the progress of the contest she underwent great changes, including the anomaly of the formation of a new constitution in time of war. Thus, at its close, the popular will had been thwarted by a registry law, which disfranchised thousands of her citizens; with the civic government controlled by a small minority. On the other hand, the results which should follow the abolition of slavery, which had been accomplished by con- stitutional provision and the war itself, lay fallow. Nota 22 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. step had been taken to conform the laws of the State and the relations of society to the altered conditions. It fell to the Sz, as the leading exponent of public opinion, to aid to the best of its ability in bringing about the sorely needed rehabilitation of the State. Being strongly im- bued with democratic-republican principles and a love of popular rights, Mr. Crow felt deeply this condition of his native State and its people. He had just been intrusted with the managing editorship of the journal; and he en- tered into the work with spirit and courage. He foresaw that to the restoration of State unity two things were essen- tial,—the obliteration of restrictions on suffrage imposed in the heat of war times, and the recognition in the statutes of the State of the new status of the colored people. Ad- vancing step by step, and crystallizing public sentiment as it proceeded, the Sz directed its best efforts to bring- ing about a complete transformation in political affairs. The first response came from Howard County, where a mass meeting was held in the summer of 1865, and the Registry Act boldly denounced. Similar movements fol- lowed in other sections of the State, and a test case of the validity of the law was made in the courts. This, how- ever, on being carried to the Court of Appeals, as then organized and assembled, was decided against the con- testants, and there remained no recourse but an appeal to the Legislature. Yielding to a strong pressure, Governor Bradford convened it in extra session; and it was hoped that something would be done towards the removal of the disabilities of Maryland citizens. It was strenuously urged by the Sw that at that time there was no need of calling a constitutional convention, the Legislature having sufficient authority for the purpose. And so readily did public sentiment adopt this view, that the succeeding Jan- uary saw a convention of prominent Conservatives, gath- ered from every county in the State, at Temperance Tem- ple, in Baltimore, to give formal expression to the voice of ‘the people. Then, for the first time since the war, were assembled together those patriotic citizens of Maryland, who, divided on national issues, were a unit on those upon which they foresaw depended the prosperity of the State. The Honorable Montgomery Blair presided; and the Hon- orable William M. Merrick read an address which he had drawn up to the people of Maryland, and which was unanimously adopted by the committee, calmly setting forth the grievances to which they had been subjected, appealing to the Legislature to speedily redress them, and declaring it to be the duty of all citizens to continue to assert their rights. At the same time resolutions of a sim- ilar tenor were adopted and a committee appointed to pre- sent the proceedings of the convention to the Legislature and secure signatures to a memorial previously prepared, praying the repeal or modification of the Constitution and law of the State which disfranchised so large a majority of its citizens. This memorial was presented to the Legisla- ture in due time, but the Senate failed to take action on it. The only resort left was the ballot-box. The Sz did not shrink from the issue. To its good-tempered and concili- atory though outspoken articles, which, under the inspira- tion of Mr. Crow, it published during this critical period, may be directly traced the Conservative victory at the autumnal election following. That election gave Mary- land for the first time since the early days of the wara representative Legislature, and insured the erasure from the statute-book of the odious suffrage proscriptions. It was now possible, also, as Mr. Crow at once saw, to secure a new-constitutional convention to undo the unfortunate work of its predecessor of ,1864, and accomplish that which it had left undone. This, the Sw advocated with unanswerable arguments, and among the first acts of the session was that providing for its call. The convention met in Annapolis, May 8, 1867, and accomplished the ob- ject in view. Atthe same time that this movement was going forward in Maryland, President Johnson-was inaug- urating his Southern Reconstruction policy, and into this work Mr. Crow entered heartily. He saw clearly that the two movements should advance hand in hand, each con- tributing strength to the other, and that in sustaining the hands of the President, the Sz would be helping on the cause at home. The editorial utterances of the Suz during this period were distinguished for the eloquence and logic with which they advocated the restoration of the revolted States to their former status in the Union, the acceptance on all sides of the inevitable results of the war, and the resumption in all sections of amicable business and social relations. From the first Mr. Crow accepted the results of emancipation and persistently urged the enactment of a law by the State Legislature making negro testimony ad- missible in all cases in the courts on the same basis as that of white persons, to be received and valued according to its worth, and he had the satisfaction of seeing that his appeal was answered simultaneously with the full restora- tion of government in Maryland. Since these events Mr. Crow has remained at his post, directing the course of the Sun with his usual good judgment, and taking an active, though an impersonal part, in public affairs, paying atten- tion especially, as has always been the purpose of the Sun, since its foundation in 1837, to the development and promotion of the material interests and general well-being of the city of Baltimore, the State of Maryland and the country at large. Though twice married, Mr. Crow has enjoyed but five or six years of wedded life. In 1845, he married Chloe Ann Boucher, at Georgetown, District of Columbia. Her grandfather and great-grandfather were Huguenots, and were among the emigrants of that class from France, who settled in Fairfax County, Virginia. This lady lived less than a year after marriage, leaving a son. In 1855, Mr. Crow married Mary E. Owens, daughter of Captain Jonas Owens, of Cecil County, Maryland, who died in 1860. A daughter was the fruit of the last mar- riage. : BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 23 FE vom CHARLES CARROLL, Senior, Editor and ;) = Proprietor of the Baltimore American, was born f in Philadelphia, in 1816. His father, George o> Fulton, was of- Scottish birth, and his mother, Ann Ware, was a member of a well-known Delaware family. Miss Ware was a ward of the celebrated Benja- min Chew, whose mansion, in Germantown, still stands, a memento of the Revolutionary struggle. In her maiden days she was an intimate friend of Miss Harriett Chew, who subsequently became the wife of Charles Carroll, the son of the Revolutionary patriot and signer of the Decla- ration of Independence. That friendship led to the sub- ject of this sketch being named Charles Carroll by his mother, as a token of respect to the husband of her former associate. When only ten years of age, he lost both pa- rents ina single year, and by this bereavement five boys , were left orphans, ranging in age from six to fourteen years. The eldest, George Washington, in a few years wandered away to what was then the far West. He vol- unteered to assist the Texans in their struggle with Mex- ico, and is now the principal owner of the largest cattle pasture in that State. The four brothers left behind in Philadelphia, were nurtured by a sister of their deceased mother, who eked out a narrow income by teaching a pri- vate school for small children, and in this way provided a home for the orphans, a failure in business having pre- ceded the death of their father. Charles, who was the third in age, decided to learn the printing business, and entered on an apprenticeship in the office of the Philadel- phia National Gazette, published by William Fry, and edited by Robert Walsh. His three brothers followed his lead in the choice of a trade, and, at one time, all were en- gaged in the same office with him, acquiring a knowledge of “the art preservative of arts,’ and gaining an insight into the vast fund of general information embraced in the columns of a well-conducted daily newspaper. The editor, Robert Walsh, a Baltimorean by birth and education, stood at the head of the editorial fraternity of his time, and had also made his mark in the literary world by numerous pub- lications. With such an exemplar, Mr. Fulton obtained more practical knowledge of the conduct of a newspaper than he could have acquired as a collegiate graduate. When of age, he added to his experience by working in New York city, and subsequently went to Baltimore, where, in 1836, when twenty years of age, he was married to Miss Emily Jane Kimberly, being at the time a journey- man printer in the office of the late John D. Gay. Hav- ing an ambition to become an editor, he bought the George- town Advocate, which he conducted for five years. In the meantime, he returned to Baltimore, obtaining employ- ment, first as a compositor, then as reporter, and by his attention to the interests of his employers, secured his pro- motion to the managing editorship of the Baltimore Suz, which position he held for about twelve years. The con- nection of New York and Philadelphia with Baltimore and Washington by magnetic telegraph was soon afterwards made, and Mr. Fulton became the Baltimore agent of the New York, Western and Southern Press, in connection with his editorial duties, and for many years maintained that position with the assistance of a younger brother, who had by that time drifted to Baltimore. The old firm of Dobbin, Murphy & Bose, which had, for half a century, published the Baltimore American, was dissolved on the 3oth of June, 1853, Mr. Dobbin purchasing the interest of Mr. Murphy, and Mr, Fulton that of Mr. Bose. For the following eleven years the American was owned and pub- lished by Messrs. Dobbin & Fulton. With the infusion of new blood into the management of the American, a com- mendable spirit of enterprise was adopted in the gathering of news from distant points; in giving a faithful record of local events, and in bold and fearless editorials during the most exciting times. The political agitation that sought to sever the Union in 1861, did not cause the American to swerve from its love for the old flag. It circulated among the commercial classes, who had the largest interest at stake, and the most to lose by the disruption of the Union. Though public sentiment was at times opposed to its teach- ings, through the whole of the revolutionary period the American was able to give a calm, steadfast, and effective support to the Union and the National Government. Many of its old friends dropped away, and powerful in- terests were arrayed against its editor, but the paper was too deeply rooted in the great commercial heart of the Monumental City to be seriously crippled. Charles C. Fulton was, in those troublous times, the pilot who kept the American out of the current of public opinion when it set too strongly towards the breakers of disunion. Mr. Dobbin died in September, 1862, and Mr. Fulton pur- chased the interest of the estate in the American, and be- came its sole proprietor. By that time social order had resumed its sway in the city, and the turbulent elements, whose unrestrained violence had, brought disaster, and drenched its streets with blood, had been subdued. The American had become a power in the State, and a widely- read journal throughout the section of the Union that re- mained faithful to the flag. It became the recognized leader of the loyal public opinion of Maryland. Its “Special Correspondence” during the war was exten- | sively copied, and the signature of “C. C. F.” was a war- ranty that the writer gave expression to what he knew, and described what he saw. Mr. Fulton was with the Army of the Potomac during two of its most important campaigns, and the readers of the American got the benefit of his candor, his accurate habits of observation, and his indomitable enterprise in gathering news and dispatching his letters while the incidents were fresh, so that they were frequently far in advance of all competitors. His dispatches very often distanced the official reports of the War Department, and gave the first tidings of vital events to the Government. Mr. Fulton accompanied the first iron- 24 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. clad expedition against Fort Sumter, and was on board the United States steamer Bibb when the attack was made. His controversy with the commander of that expedition and the Navy Department is part of the history of the war. His opinions regarding the premature withdrawal of the fleet were subsequently confirmed from Southern sources. Mr. Fulton, amid all the excitements of that period, was remarkably successful in raising funds for the purpose of sending supplies of every kind to the Union prisoners at Richmond, who were reported to be starving and suffer- ing from the want of clothing and other necessaries. The following resolution, passed by the Maryland House of Delegates, proves that his efforts were appreciated : “By the House of Delegates— Resolved, That the thanks of this House be, and are hereby, tendered to Charles Carroll Fulton, of the city of Baltimore, for his exertions for the relief of the soldiers of the Union now held by the so-called Confederate authorities; and espe- cially for the aid afforded by him to the officers and enlisted men of the regiménts of this State in Libby Prison and Belle Isle, Richmond. “Tuomas H. KErn, “ Speaker of the House of Delegates. « Attest: N. R. CoLe, “ Chief Clerk of the House of Delegates.” Mr. Fulton did not confine his efforts to alleviating the miseries of the boys in blue in Southern prisons, but in many cases the sons of Baltimoreans, who had donned the gray, were indebted to him for attentions while lying in Northern prisons. Mr. Fulton’s son, Albert K. Fulton, (now associated in the proprietorship of the American), was an engineer on board the “ Hartford,” Admiral Far- ragut’s flag ship, and acted as correspondent, giving graphic descriptions of all the great naval engagements in which the illustrious commander conquered. The senior editor was present at the hoisting of the old flag over the ruins of Fort Sumter, when the country was in the full tide of rejoicing over the close of the war, unconscious of the impending calamity of President Lincoln’s assassination. The setting sun that gilded the restored flag on the ruins, rase the next morning ona nation mourning the martyrdom of its chief. The public improvements of the city of Balti- more have always received Mr. Fulton’s ardent support. He advocated the purchase and improvement of Druid Hill Park, and the tax upon the passenger railways to meet the outlay. Through his exertions the beautiful Centennial Fountain that adorns Eutaw Place was procured and erécted, in which he was aided by other property-owners fronting its. site, and the liberality of the City Councils. The American building, in which the paper has been located since 1876, can be pointed to as one of the ornaments that all Balti- moreans can view with pride. Its exterior is architectu- rally beautiful, and its interior a model of what a newspa- per office should be, replete as it is with comforts, especially in the composing and press rooms. Mr. Fulton accompa- nied, in 1871, the commissioners, headed by the late Sen- ator Wade, appointed by President Grant to visit San Domingo, and report upon the advisability of annexing it to the United States. His letters gave glowing accounts of the delightful climate, prolific soil, attractive scenery, and its bountiful yield of tropical fruits. During his ab- sence the public were startled by a sensational report of disaster to the steamship that conveyed the commissioners, and nearly two weeks of dread and uncertainty elapsed before authentic news was received of the safety of the commission. Asa politician, he has occupied a prominent position in State affairs, and for many years he represented his party in the National Executive Committee. He has been delegate to national conventions for nominating Presi- dential candidates, and in every instance has fulfilled the expectations of the Republican party. Modest and retir- ing in his manners; delighting in the eloquence of others, he is not an adept at speechmaking, though in social mo- ments and in the committee-room, he expresses his opin- ions freely and to the point. As the editorial correspond- ent of the American, he has traversed all sections of the country, joined in excursion trips over new lines of rail- way, rambled through Texas, descended coal and iron mines, explored the Oil Regions, and has never failed to present the results of his observations so as to make them attractive and interesting to his readers. His wanderings in foreign countries have also been very extensive. He spent the summers of 1859, 1872, 1873, and 1878 in Euro- pean trips. His work, entitled Europe seen through American Spectacles, being a selection of his letters to the American during the Vienna Exposition, has gone through two editions, and has become a sort of guide book, especially to Baltimoreans. His departure from Baltimore on the 15th of April, 1878, on his visit to Europe and the Paris Exposition, drew a large collection of friends to give “God speed” to himself, his daughter, and the other ladies that accompanied her. Among those present were the Hon. John L. Thomas, Collector of the Port; Colonel Vernon, Surveyor; Mr. William Corkran, Naval Officer ; Captain William D. Burchinal, Deputy Collector; Messrs. Samuel M. Shoemaker, John W. Garrett, Charles P. Mon- tague, Christopher West, Theodore Hooper, and many others. Sir Andrew Head, of Canada, a guest of Mr. Garrett, also witnessed the scene. A delegation from the employees of the American were in attendance, and pre- sented a magnificent basket of flowers and a profusion of bouquets. Among the number were three brothers of Mr. Fulton, to bid him farewell, and to one of them it has been a final parting. Edington Fulton went to his rest May 13, 1878, after being associated with the American for thirty years, with the exception of intervals when he filled the post of Surveyor of the Port, and Public Store- keeper. Mr. Fulton, after an absence of five months, re- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 25 * turned from Europe in excellent health, having, during his absence, sent eighty-six letters to the American for publi- cation. He is still, at the age of sixty-two, as full of ac- - tivity and energy as in his younger days, with the promise of many years of usefulness yet to come. SVoSREWER, James Raw ines, Clerk of the Circuit a Court of Baltimore City and Editor and part ss" proprietor of The Baltimore Daily News, was “9 born in Annapolis, Maryland, December 28, 1840. His father, James B. Brewer, was a na- tive of the same city, and died there at the age of sixty- three years. His mother’s maiden name was Eliza A. Rawlings, her father being a member of the firm of Shep- pard & Rawlings during the war of 1812. James R. en- joyed at an early ‘age all the educational advantages which the capital of the State afforded. When only fourteen years old he commenced to write both political and poetic articles for the press, several of which elicited praise from the pen of the editor in whose paper they ap- peared. At seventeen years of age, Mr. Brewer, for satis- factory domestic reasons and because of his fondness for the art, determined to acquire a knowledge of the printing business. With the knowledge already acquired at school and college, his mind now rapidly improved, and at the age of eighteen he accepted the charge as editor of the Maryland Republican, at that time the organ of the Demo- cratic party for Anne Arundel County and large portions of the surrounding country. In that position, he discharged the responsible duties of his profession with remarkable ability. Having lost his father, the care of his widowed mother and several sisters greatly increased his responsi- bilities, which induced him to bring them with himself to’ Baltimore, where he might obtain more lucrative business. He therefore established his home in that city in 1862. In Baltimore, he formed a connection with the Southern fferald, published by Messrs. Beach & Young. Being by birth and education a Southerner, and in full sympathy with the Southern cause, he did not hesitate in the expres- sion of his views through the columns of that journal. This at once incurred the hostility of the military authori- ties, and the Herald survived but a few weeks. About a month afterward he became connected with the Evening Transcript, a sprightly, popular, and successful journal. It also became too bold and outspoken for the same authori- ties, and in May, 1864, it was suppressed by General Lew Wallace. A few weeks after the suppression of the Transcript, in connection with Mr. Joshua M. Bosley, he established Zhe Evening Post, which from its first number proved a great success. But, it too, after innumerable an- noyances, was finally suppressed by the Federal authorities, September 30, 1864, by an order from the headquarters of General Wallace. Becoming convinced that indepen- dent journalism could not be sustained at that time in Baltimore, Mr. Brewer resolved to abandon it during the continuance of the war. But an idle life he would not brook ; it was no matter of surprise, therefore, that he ac- cepted the position to which he had been elected, of President of the Democratic City Convention, which at that time was hazardous to the incumbent. During the autumn of that year, he was nominated for the State Senate from the Third Legislative District of Baltimore city, upon what was known as the McClellan ticket. He was not then twenty-five years of age, but so great was his popu- larity that he would have been elected, were it not that three-fourths of the people of Maryland had been disfran- chised, and the opposition ticket was declared triumphant. His fame, by this time, had extended beyond the bounds of his own State, and Manton Marble, Esq., editor and pro- prietor of the Vew York World, tendered him an editorial position on that leading Democratic journal, which he ac- cepted. In connection with the responsible position as- signed him, he remained, discharging its onerous duties with signal ability, until the spring of 1865, when the filial affection which had characterized him from his earliest boyhood, caused him to resign, and return to the home in Baltimore now doubly endeared by the presence of his mother, whose health had grown quite precarious. Soon after his return, Mr. Brewer assumed editorial control of the Sunday Telegram, which he held for several years. During his connection with it he wrote several serial stories, which proved highly popular and greatly enhanced its cir- culation, Meanwhile he was not idle in politics. He continued president of the Democratic City Convention, and was also chairman of the Democratic Executive Com- mittee. He was one of the originators of the Anti-Registry Convention, which was composed of many of the best men in the State, and was appointed by that convention a com- mittee of one, with power to select assistants, to prepare a memorial to the Legislature of 1866, and obtain signatures thereto, praying the modification of the Registry Law, then so obnoxious to a large proportion of the citizens of the State. That memorial received the signatures of several thousands of the best citizens of Baltimore, and was probably the most numerously signed document ever presented to the Maryland Legislature. Early in 1867, Mr. Brewer called the first Democratic City Convention, after the fusion of the Democratic and Conservative parties, and was made chairman of the, Executive Com- mittee. He was appointed by that convention chairman of the committee to prepare an address and resolutions to the people of Baltimore. He wrote the address. He was unanimously nominated as a delegate at large from the Third Legislative District of Baltimore to the Constitu- tional Convention of that year, and was elected by a ma- jority amounting almost to unanimity. In the fall of the same year he was elected Clerk of the Baltimore Circuit Court, 26 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDYA. by a large majority. This position he continues to fill to the satisfaction of the court, the bar, and the public gen- erally, having been re-elected in November, 1873. In 1870, he was unanimously chosen a member at large and Chair- man of the Executive Committee, by the City Convention, and successfully conducted one of the most brilliant con- tests of the previous decade. A notable feature of that contest grew out of the enfranchisement of the negroes, it being the first time that that element of the population had exercised the right of suffrage. The following year Mr. Brewer was conspicuously identified with the conduct of the exciting canvassso well remembered by those who were then residents of Baltimore. When connected with the Sunday Telegram, he was the first toadvocate the running of the City Passenger Railway cars on Sunday, and was largely instrumental in bringing to it an overwhelming majority when submitted toa popular vote. He was also chiefly instru- mental in deposing the police of 1866. On February 9, 1874, he became part owner of the Baltimore Daily News, and is its responsible editor. Amid all the excitements of politics, and the activities and pressure of business, Mr, Brewer has ever evinced a decided and cultured poetic talent. At the request of the Grand Lodge of the Indepen- dent Order of Odd Fellows ‘of the State of Maryland, he wrote the two odes which were read and sung at the dedi- cation of the Wildey Monument in Baltimore a few years since. He was also the author of a poem which was re- cited at the Poe memorial celebration in the same city. The publication of that poem called out numerous compli- mentary letters from distinguished poets and members of the Ziterati throughout the United States: As a writer, Mr. Brewer’s style of composition is bold, terse, fluent; and when occasion demands, terribly sarcastic and satirical. He has an unusual command of language, and his invective is sharp, severe, and incisive. He is yet comparatively young; and with his ambition and untiring and closely studious habits it is safe to predict for him future prefer- ment and advancement. In phystgue, Mr. Brewer is a notable personage, of heavy build, tall in stature, eyes black, brilliant and penetrating, dark hair, with a large, intellectual head and countenance. He looks like a man born to lead. In conversation he is sprightly and brimful of humor, and possesses an ardent temperament, but so thoroughly under control as never to lead to any excess of act or expression. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. Mr. Brewer is a man of family, ex- ceedingly fond of his home, and surrounded by his loved ones he spends his moments as happily as it is allotted to mortals on this earth to live. Wwe Witttam H., Proprietor, Publisher, a i) ’ and Editor-in-Chief of the Baltimore Gazette, == was born in York, York County, Pennsylvania, } February 23, 1826. His father, Henry Welsh, was J born in Hanover, York County, same State, Jan- uary 13, 1800. He was a prominent Jackson man, and at one time publisher of The State Reporter, at Harrisburg, the Democratic organ, and afterward of the York Gazetee. He was naval officer of the port of Philadelphia, during the administration of President Polk, and is now President of Vork National Bank. His mother, Margaret Maria (Small) Welsh, was born in York, September 29, 1804, and died October 8, 1834. William H. received his early education at the York County Academy, under the tutorship of Rev. Stephen Boyer, one of the best teachers of his day. In 1840 his father removed to Philadelphia to engage in mercantile pursuits, and for several years Wil- liam went to the best private schools in that city. In £842 the family removed to York, and he was placed under the tutorship of Rev. Benjamin J. Wallace, to prepare for en- trance into Princeton College, New Jersey. He entered the junior class of that institution in August, 1845, and during his term was selected as one of the junior orators graduating at the Centennial Commencement, June 3oth, 1847. He delivered a poem as part of the Commence- ment exercises, at the request of the Faculty. Mr. Welsh began the study of law in Philadelphia, July 9, 1847, in the office of Hon. Benjamin H. Brewster, and was examined for admission to the bar, July 3, 1849, passing his exami- nation on that day. On the 3d of October following he commenced the practice of law in that city. In conse- quence of ill health, he left Philadelphia and returned to York, where he was admitted to practice in November, a 1849. Heat once took a prominent part in politics as a member of the Democratic party, and represented his county in several State conventions. He was also actively engaged as a public speaker in different counties, and de- livered a number of lectures on literary subjects before and after his European continental tour. When James Buchanan was sent to England as American Minister by President Pierce, in 1853, he appointed Mr. Welsh private secretary and attaché to the American Legation at Lon- don. He sailed from New York August, 1853, and arriv- ing at Liverpool, at once proceeded to London and entered upon his duties. While abroad, he travelled extensively in England and over the continent of Europe, and accom- panied Mr. Buchanan when, in accordance with instruc- tions from Secretary Marcy, the Ostend Conference, as it was called, in reference to Cuba, was held, commencing at Ostend, but finishing at Aix-la-Chapelle. There were present at that conference Mr. Buchanan, Minister to Eng- land, John Y. Mason, Minister to France, and Pierre Soule, Minister to Spain, with their secretaries. Mr. Welsh retired from the Legation and returned home in March, 1855, and resumed the practice of law in York. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. In the summer of that year he was unanimously nominated | by the York County Democratic Convention candidate for State Senator, against a candidate who had previously been elected by the Democrats and joined the Knownothing party, and after a severe contest was elected by more than nine hundred majority. In 1856 he became part owner of the York Gazette, the Democratic organ of the county. The last year of his senatorial term (1858) he was elected Speaker of the Senate, and in the fall of that year was re- elected Senator for three years. In 1860, he was chosen President of the Democratic State Convention, held at Reading, Pennsylvania, to nominate a Governor, and was unanimously chosen by the Convention Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee for several years. In the fall of 1861, he removed to Philadelphia and re- sumed the practice of law. He started, in connection with two others, March 25, 1863, in that city, Zhe Age, which was published daily and weekly during the war, as a thorough Democratic and State Rights journal, with great success. In the spring of 1871, Mr. Welsh retired from Zhe Age, and in the spring of 1872 he purchased an interest in the Baltimore Gazette. In 1875, he became President of the Gazette Publishing Company. He is now proprietor, publisher, and editor-in-chief. Mr. Welsh is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He has al- ways been a consistent and unswerving Democrat. He married, November 29, 1860, Miss Sallie A. Wickes, youngest daughter of Colonel Joseph Wickes, a prominent citizen of Chesterton, Kent County, Maryland, and a niece of Hon. Ezekiel T. Chambers, of the same county. Three children were the result of this marriage: Henry Welsh, born October 26, 1867, Joseph Wickes Welsh, born Feb- ruary 7, 1870, and Bessie Welsh, born February 28, 1872. WES AINE, Coronet FRreperick, Editor and Pro- Ax prietor of the German Correspondent, of Balti- _ more, son of the late William Raine, was born # at the Fortress of Minden, in Prussia, May 13, 1821. He received a good education in the excel- lent public schools of his native land. At an early age, he entered, as an apprentice, a book and publishing house at Munster, where he became familiar with the mysteries of the printing art and acquired a knowledge of proof-reading. Possessing natural abilities, he occasionally essayed news- paper articles, and earnestly devoted his leisure hours to study under private tutors, directing his attention particu- larly to the acquirement of the French and English lan- guages. When scarcely seventeen years of age he came to America, whither his father had preceded him, and located in Baltimore. About the year 1838, William Raine established the Die Geschaeftige Martha, a religious weekly, and conducted it until the: memorable political 27 campaign in Baltimore County of 1840, when he changed it to a weekly political paper called the Democratic Whig, in the conduct of which he was assisted by Frederick, who thus acquired a thorough knowledge of type-setting, and of many other things which were of infinite value to him in his subsequent career as a journalist. The paper survived but for a brief period, and’ young Raine, not then twenty years old, displayed his indefatigable will and energy by assuming charge of the office, and issuing, Feb- ruary 6, 1841, a paper of his own, entitled the German Correspondent. It was published weekly, with four columns to the page, and started with only eighty subscribers. Mr. Raine closely observed and patterned after the American press, which, at that time, was receiving a new impetus from the genius of Greeley and Bennett. He shaped his little enterprise accordingly, discarding the mannerism of European journals. His was the first German-American paper that emancipated itself from these trammels, and he made it his chief aim to furnish his patrons with all the important foreign and domestic news, in an easy and readable style, thus making his journal a newspaper in every sense of the word; and, in this connection, we would remark, as indicating his industry, assiduity and perseverance, as well as the difficulties and disadvantages under which he labored, for the want of proper assistance, that Mr. Raine served as the exclusive editor, compositor and carrier of his paper. In 1842, he published the Cor- respondent bi-weekly, and the ensuing year tri-weekly, meeting with steadily increasing success. His great am- bition, however, was to give to the Germans of Baltimore an acceptable German-American daily paper, and, on January 5, 1844, he issued the German Correspondent as a daily morning penny paper, of four pages, with three columns to the page. His limited means, however, being inadequate to the increased expenses, he resumed the tri- weekly publication. In the beginning of 1845, he made a second attempt to issue a daily, which proved successful. During the Mexican war the Correspondent rapidly in- creased in circulation, and also in value as an advertising medium. The large influx of German immigrants during 1849 and 1850, added greatly to its subscription list, and it speedily assumed a rank among the first German-American papers of the day. It has always been the advocate of Democratic principles, though it has maintained them without any sacrifice of its independence. In 1867, Mr. Raine was appointed by Governor Swann as Colonel on his Staff, and, in 1868, he was chairman of the Council Committee of Reception on the arrival of the pioneer vessel of the German line of steamers between Baltimore and Bremen, in which enterprise he took a prominent part. During the two above-mentioned years, Colonel Raine represented the ninth ward of Baltimore in the first branch of the City Council in a most able and acceptable manner, introducing and advocating many measures pro- motive of the city’s interests. He was an Elector at . 28 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. large on the Greeley ticket in 1872, and again on the Tilden and Hendricks ticket in 1876. He has travelled extensively throughout the United States, making a journey to California and through that State in 1875, and a tour of the Southern ‘States in 1876. October 31, 1877, he was appointed by Mayor Latrobe and confirmed by the City Council as one of the five Commissioners on the system of Public School Education in Baltimore, which was a mark of especial trust and confidence in his integrity, prudence and ability. On July 15, 1878, he started on a second tour over the European Continent, first visiting Great Britain, Whilst travelling in Europe, he furnished the German Correspondent with a series of letters, embracing all matters of interest that came under his personal obser- vation. Colonel Raine is ably assisted in his journalistic duties by his brother, Edward Raine, and his nephew. He married, in August, 1854, Miss Pamilia C. Bull, of Harford County, Maryland. He has a brother, William, who is the publisher of a German paper in St. Louis, Missouri. Starting in life with no capital save his own brains, energy and determination to succeed; establishing a newspaper which is the peer of any of its kind in this country, and which will also safely challenge comparison with the leading American journals; filling honorable and responsible positions with faithfulness and fidelity; con- structing elegant and valuable improvements, such as the Raine Building in the heart of the city, thus adding to Baltimore’s architectural beauty and its taxable basis; proving himself, in all his acts, public and private, to be the honorable, upright and useful citizen, Frederick Raine presents a record of which the entire community whom he has so materially benefited by his enterprises and services, should feel proud. In manners, Colonel Raine possesses the social traits of the German people; intelligent to the highest degree; quick and intuitive in his perceptions; clear and just in his notions of right or wrong; forcible in argument, yet never captious; he im- presses all who enjoy his acquaintance with the conviction that he is a man of no ordinary type. ROWN, Joun SmiItTH, late City Librarian of Baltimore, Maryland, was born November 7, 1809, near Plymouth, England, and came to this country with his parents when he was ten years of 1, age. They took up their residence at Washington, District of Columbia. His father, William Brown, was a contractor. He went West to invest in land, where he died, leaving his family in Washington. The education of John S. was for the most part self-acquired, as he was early forced to make provision for his own and his mother’s sup- port. When he was sixteen years old he went to Balti- more and commenced to learn shipbuilding with James Beacham, on Fell’s Point. He assisted in building the Brazilian frigate, Charles Carroll of Carrolton, the brigs James Beacham and Baptist Meseck, also the ice-boat Relief, and a number of vessels. During the term of his apprenticeship he studied very hard, sometimes spending the greater part of the night in the ship-loft, by the light of a candle, working out diagrams and charts for the con- struction of ships. In this way he obtained considerable proficiency in mathematics. His mother remained in Washington, whither, after his hard week’s work, he was accustomed to go on foot to see her. In 1831, the term of his apprenticeship having expired, he became foreman for John A. Robb, Esq., the father of the present City Register, near the foot of Washington Street. In the lat- ter part of the year he went to draught for L. B. Culley & Brother. He furnished the designs for the brig General Sumter, Captain Bennet, owned by Benjamin Buck; also the bark Hortensia, Captain Massacot, and other vessels. In May, 1832, he went into business on his own account. He first built the Souvenir, a brig; next, the steamer Merchant. These were followed by the bark Huxall, for New York, the steamship Natchez, in 1836, the steamship Cuba, in 1847, brigs General Scott, for T. Hooper, Ospree, for Conway & Armstrong, Hisbee, for Captain Fish, with a large number of steamers, among them the Harold, Cam- bridge, and Kent, for Baltimore, and a large number for Southern account. In the course of his business career he developed largely the commercial interest of the south side of the Basin, and left the marks of his progress behind him. When the ruffian element predominated for a short time in Baltimore, and the famous assault on the negro calkers was made under the leadership of Joe Edwards, he alone fearlessly opposed the rabble in defence of the colored men, many of whom had worked for him for twenty-five years. At the peril of his own life, he pre- vented the ruffian leader from entering his office in pur- suit of the defenceless workmen who had sought its shelter. Mr. Brown appealed to Mr. Frederick Pinkney, Assis- tant State’s Attorney, for aid, who advised him to * place revolvers at the heads of the ruffians,” but this he declined todo. In 1841 he was elected to the first branch of the City Council, from the ward first known as the Eighth, afterward the Twelfth, now the Seventeenth. He was re- turned in 1843, and continued a member thereafter until and including 1852. For the last four years he was Presi- dent. When he first entered the Council there were only twelve wards in the city; many of them were represented by some of the best citizens; among the number were Dr. J. Hanson Thomas, Jacob I. Cohen, Samuel Lucas, and others of high repute. Mr. Brown, believing that the citizens ought to know the proceedings of the Council, in- troduced a resolution inviting the attendance of represen- tatives of the press. It encountered some opposition, lest it should entail expense to the city; but, provision being made that it should not, the resolution prevailed, and re- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, 29 porters have ever since attended the meetings of the City Council. In the absence of Mayor Hollins from the city for a period of six months, Mr. Brown acted ex-officio as Mayor. He drafted the bill, and as a member of the Council was chiefly instrumental in obtaining its passage through that body, for the five million loan to the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad; and while acting Mayor he signed that bill, as well as others of much importance. He was President of the first branch when the ordinance was passed, purchasing the property of the Water Com- pany, and opposed it on account of the large amount called for. As President, he declined to append his sig~ nature to it; but, after some delay, caused by his refusal, he signed it as Mayor, in compliance with a resolution of the Council. In 1854 he was appointed Supervising In- spector of Steamboats by President Pierce, and continued until 1861, when he was removed by Mr. Lincoln. Mr. Brown’s reports and experience contributed largely to the passage of legislative enactments for protection in steam- boat travelling. When the commission for the deepening of the harbor was organized, in 1851, he was appointed its chairman. He was one of the commissioners who pur- chased the site on which the present City Hall stands. Mr. Brown obtained the right of way for Locust Point Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, approved April 10, 1865, Louis McLane, President. He also secured; by ordi- nance, the purchase of the lot for Cross Street Market, for nine thousand five hundred dollars, and ground sufficient to open Brown Street. His business having been broken up previous to the war, owing to a combination of trades unions, Mr. Brown retired to a farm in Harford County. In 1867 he was elected to the legislature from that county, and served for two terms, being placed on the Ways and Means and other important committees. In October or November, 1874, he was appointed by Mayor Vansant, City Librarian, at a salary of fifteen hundred dollars per annum, and was the first occupant of the new City Hall. He was re-appointed by Mayor Latrobe, and again by Mayor Kane, which he held until his death, which occurred March 21, 1878. He was thoroughly conversant on all city matters, and was of great assistance to members of the City Council, the city law officers and lawyers who desired in- formation on municipal matters. Politically, he was a Democrat, but always independent, according to his convic- tions of right. When nominated for Council by his ward, he never had opposition, both parties voting for him. He was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church, but in his early manhood he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for the promotion of its interests in Baltimore he labored earnestly and contributed largely of his means. He always, however, cherished a strong love for the church of his ancestry. He was married three times; first, to Sarah Harrison Auld, of Baltimore, November 5, 1832. By this marriage there were three sons and one daughter: Captain William Dawson Brown, of Chesa- 5 peake Artillery, Confederate States Army, killed at the battle of Gettysburg; the Rev. John W. Brown, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church, Cleveland, Ohio, and the Rev. Philip A. H. Brown, of Trinity Parish, New York. The daughter, Elizabeth Jane, married the Rev. Daniel How- ard Parish; both deceased. His second marriage was in Richmond, Virginia, to Elizabeth A. Coleman, December 6, 1842. There were four children by this marriage: Robert Coleman, Margaret (both deceased), Charles Morton and Clara Macartney (Mrs. Giebuskie). The third marriage was with Cassie F. Whiteford, of Harford County, Maryland, December 28, 1871. To this mar- riage there was no issue. Mr. Brown’s physique was short and rotund.. He was persevering, industrious, and straightforward, domestic in his habits, and possessed fine: social qualities. His well-known cheerfulness and amia- bility were especially conspicuous in his home-life. RESEE, Oscar F., senior partner of O. F. Bresee & Sons, General Agents of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, for the Southern States, was born March 26, 1825, in the District of Montreal, Canada. He is the oldest of seven children now living, whose parents, John and Aseneth Bresee, were both of French Huguenot descent. His mother’s maiden name was Barber. He received an academical education in the place of his birth. His sub- sequent education was self-acquired. On the death of his father, in a spirit of conscious self-dependence, Mr. Bresee found his way, in his eighteenth year, from his home in Canada to the city of Hartford, Connecticut, and, as if by accident, chose insurance as his life-work. He com- menced soliciting for a Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which took country risks only, and travelled the State of Rhode Island. He was afterward induced to go to Penn- sylvania, to act as General Agent of the State Mutual Fire Insurance Company at Harrisburg. After two years of successful effort with that company, then in the full tide of a prosperous career, he went to Richmond, Virginia, to assume the entire General Agency of the Insurance Com- pany of the Valley of Virginia, of Winchester. The limited field of it> operations—marine as well as fire—was rapidly enlarged under his masterly direction, until the territory embraced in his management extended from New York to New Orleans, and the premiums, all of which passed through his hands, amounted to half a million dollars an- nually. _ That position of labor and responsibility he held until 1858; and it may be mentioned ex passant, that among his sub-agents at that period, many of whom he trained, were hundreds of men who now stand high in in- surance circles all over the country, while among the de- parted, whose memories are fervently cherished, were 30 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. such men as the late William D. Sherrred, of Philadelphia, and Thomas Jones, the founder of the /zszrance Monitor. Mr. Bresee subsequently organized the Insurance Company of the State of Virginia, of which he acted as Secretary and Treasurer. At the same time, and up to the breaking out of the war, he conducted an agency business for twenty- eight Northern companies and five Southern, including in the former such companies as the Atna Fire, and the Mu- tual Life, of New York. A business conducted on a scale of such magnitude naturally bore a rich harvest, and Mr. Bresee accumulated a very handsome fortune. But this was scattered by the ill-fortunes of the four years’scivil war, and he had to commence anew upon the restoration of peace. He resumed the General Agency of the Mutual Life, in Richmond, and that of the Security Fire, of New York, which he held until his removal to Baltimore, in 1866. In that city he has devoted his whole time since to the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. That company was organized in New York, in 1843, and has long since attained, as it still holds, the foremost place among the Life Insurance institutions in the world. The magnitude of its business proves that it enjoys the confi- dence of the people. Its present accumulations (1878) amount to more than eighty-five millions of dollars, with a surplus fund, New York standard, exceeding ten millions, six hundred and sixty-nine thousand, five hundred dollars. The average amount of new insurances granted during the past five years exceeds thirty-seven millions of dollars per annum, and the total sum assured under its ninety-one thousand, five hundred and thirty-three policies is nearly three hundred millions of dollars. There being no stock- holders to control the company, all the profits are divided among the policy-holders. At the time of Mr. Bresee’s entrance upon the General Agency of the company in Bal- timore, its business in Maryland was quite limited. From a renewal list of only a few thousand dollars a year, he has, in the comparatively brief period that has intervened, swelled the amount of the premium receipts in his district to very nearly a million dollars annually, and has made his General Agency, in point of new business, one of the most prominent general agencies of the Mutual Life. Mr. Bresee has unlimited faith in the efficiency of ceaseless ac- tivity, with a wonderful degree of natural aptitude for his calling; he, nevertheless, believes that genius in insurance means hard work; that there is no royal road or short cut to good fortune, and that the way to success must be hewn by incessant labor. He has furnished the most demonstra- tive proof of earnestness by his own example, and has thereby inspired the workers connected with him with the same spirit. In the selection of his co-laborers he has ex- hibited a degree of sagacity to which is traceable one of the most important elements of progress and prosperity. And not only in directing the efforts of his subordinates throughout a large territory, but in the general management of the concerns of his agency, down to the smallest details, the same comprehensive administrative vigor is manifestly seen. He is, too, a believer in the moral power of large figures, and, therefore, in the persuasive and unanswerable form of the enormous resources of the company with which he has been so prominently identified. In the course of his insurance business he has been paralleled by very few, if any, agents in the country. He can truthfully assert that there was not a policy-holder insured through his agency that ever suffered loss through the failure of a company while the policy was in force. Nor, during his eventful career, has he ever represented a company for which he did not make money. These are incidents of a business record of which any agent might reasonably be proud. Mr. Bresee is now in the prime of a vigorous manhood and bids fair for many years of usefulness. He was the first Treasurer of the Brown Memorial Church, in Baltimore, in which capacity he served for several years; he has, also, been a trustee of that church from its organization to the present time. He has been identified with the Masonic fraternity for more than twenty years. In his youth, Mr. Bresee acquired considerable knowledge of agricultural pursuits on his father’s farm, and since then he has cultivated a taste in that direction. He-has owned for several years the well- known “ Rose Hill Stock Farm,” in Orange County, Vir- ginia, having under cultivation about one thousand acres. This property was formerly owned by the Taliaferro family, and occupied by them for several generations past. It is considered one of the finest stock farms in the State, and is worth a fortune in itself. He married Miss Louisa Kleckner, of New Berlin, Pennsylvania, daughter of Joseph Kleckner, a merchant miller of that town. They have six children, as follows: Alfred A., Edward L., May, Win- ston, Oscar F., Jr., and Stuart, the first two named being associated with their father in business, which they worthily represent, They have had the advantage of a good educa- tion and a sound business training. Alfred married Miss Mary E. Passano, daughter of Louis Passano, and Edward married Miss Emma Patterson, daughter of T. N. Patter- son, both highly esteemed families of Baltimore, METER, Grorcr, Lawyer and State Senator, son of Major George and Sarah N. Norfleet (Free- land) Peter, was born November 28, 1829, in re Montgomery County, Maryland, His father was a { native of Georgetown, D. C., and of Scotch descent, and his mother was born in Petersburg, Virginia, being of English ancestry. Major Peter was educated at George- town College, and entered the United States Army in the year 1799; he served until 1809, when he resigned. In the war of 1812, he entered the army again, and served as major of volunteers. He was one of the soldiers detailed to watch the movements of Aaron Burr, and was witness BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 31 1 in the celebrated Burr trial. He was a representative in Congress from the Sixth District of Maryland from 1816 to 1819, and again from 1825 to 1827; he was elected twice to the State Legislature; and also served as Com- missioner of Public Works for the State of Maryland. George Peter is one of the most prominent and successful lawyers of Montgomery County, and, like his father, has frequently been chosen to fill important public offices. Having received no collegiate education, and depended principally upon his own exertions from an early age, he may properly be termed aself-made man. After receiving a common school education, he commenced the study of law, at the age of eighteen, with John Brewer, Esq., at Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland, and was ad- mitted to the bar at the age of'twenty-one. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession at Rockville, and after a short time, removed West, locating at Saline County, Missouri, where he remained for three years. He then returned to’ Rockville, Maryland, and entered into partnership with his preceptor, Mr. Brewer, and has con- tinued in active practice there ever since. He was a member of the Convention of 1864, that framed the Con- stitution of Maryland of 1864, and filled the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County for four years, beginning with the year 1867. In 1877 he was the nominee of the Democratic party for State Senator, and elected without opposition. By the advocacy of important measures, he has proved himself one of the most active and efficient members of that body. In 1878, he was the nominee of the Democratic party for representative in Congress for the Sixth Congressional District of Maryland, and was defeated by a small majority. Mr. Peter is a man of great personal popularity, and generally recognized as one of the most influential members of the party with which he is identified. He was married in 1852 to Miss Eliza L. Gassaway, daughter of John and Eliza Gassaway, of Montgomery County, and has seven children living. - co. Wap, ROOKS, CHAUNCEY, President of the Western YA} Bank of Baltimore, was born in Burlington, Hart- x ‘ford County, Connecticut, on the 12th of January, i 1794. His father, Chauncey Brooks, an extensive t farmer, was also a native of the above place. The progenitors of Mr. Brooks were of English origin, and came to America prior to the Revolutionary War, settling in New Haven, Connecticut. About the commencement of the war of 1812, young Brooks, then in the nineteenth year of his age, removed to Baltimore, Maryland, where he embarked in mercantile business in association with the late General Walter Booth, a very wealthy and prominent citizen of Meriden, Connecticut. The partnership con- tinued about eight years, the firm conducting during that period an extensive and successful jobbing dry goods busi- ness. From then until the present time, Mr. Brooks has established several commercial houses under various firm names, and conducted several kinds of trade, embracing the wholesale dry goods, grain, wholesale boot and shoe, and other commodities. It is estimated that he has fur- nished capital for, and had the leading control in, no less than thirty different mercantile establishments. In 1845, he was elected President of the Western Bank of Balti- more, a position which he has held from that time to the present, about one-third of a century. He has been director in the Savings Bank of Baltimore the same length of time. In 1856, he was elected President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which position he held until 1869. He has contributed very largely to the build- ing up and improvement of Baltimore, having erected numerous extensive and substantial warehouses in the business centres, as also many private structures. In 1820, Mr. Brooks married Miss Marilla Phelps, daughter of Lynde Phelps, of Burlington, Connecticut. Her mother was Louisa Gaylord, daughter of Captain Aaron Gaylord, who lost his life in the defence of his home and family, at the celebrated massacre of Wyoming, July 3, 1778. His daughter, then a child seven years of age, was, on the night of the massacre, taken by her mother, with two other children, from the scenes of the atrocities. The heroic mother, with her precious charge, and such food as she could convey on the horses which she took with her, made her way through a trackless forest, travel- ling some eight hundred miles alone, finally reaching her home in the northern part of the State of New York, after a perilous journey of about eight weeks. During the above period, her two brothers, anxious in regard to her fate, organized a company to institute a search for her, going to Wyoming and finding it in ashes. A short while after their return to their home in New York State, they were surprised to see her walk into the house, she and her children unscathed. This remarkable lady attained a venerable age, and always took the intensest interest in relating her early adventures to her children and grand- children. Mrs. Chauncey Brooks died in 1861. Chauncey Brooks has had eight sons, four of whom are living, Walter Booth, Thorndyke, John Chauncey and Albert Brooks. Mr. Brooks was an old line Whig. Through the late American civil war he was an unswerving and stanch Union man. Though in the eighty-fifth year of his age, Mr. Brooks enjoys vigorous health, and is in pos- session of the most perfect mental faculties, giving con- stant daily attention to his multifarious and responsible business affairs. \ 32 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Up bet Ae Haron Co WILLIAMSON, was born in SA Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, January 9, ee 1806. He was the son of Samuel Bradford, ~aYa and his mother’s maiden name was Jane Bond, both natives of the same county of Harford, and’ both descendants of English ancestry, who settled in Maryland before the Revolution. He received a good English, but not a classical education, and for some time ‘after leaving school, followed the business of a surveyor, and was afterward elected for several successive years to the House of Delegates of Maryland, and subsequently elected the Sheriff of Harford County. His chief con- cern seemed to be that the subject of this sketch and his brother (who were his only children), should receive the best education he could afford to give them. Augustus, the elder of the two, was sent, at a very early age, to one of the old field schools of the day, adjoining the town, and which he continued to attend until the year 1816, when he entered the Harford County Academy, at Bel Air, at that time in the charge of a somewhat celebrated teacher—then well known and doubtless still remembered by most of the youth of that day—the Rev. Reuben H. Davis. He was famous in his generation as a classical teacher, but still more famous as a rigid disciplinarian. Mr. Bradford continued under his tutorage for six years, and until May, 1822, when he entered St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, where he gradu- ated in July, 1824, in his eighteenth year; he and Dr. Fer- dinand Chatard, of Baltimore, being now the only surviv- ors of the graduating class of that year. Directly after graduating he returned to Bel Air, and at once entered upon the study of the law there in the office of the late Otho Scott, where he continued until he was admitted to the bar, in 1827. He immediately commenced the practice of law, and remained in Bel Air until 1831, when he removed— somewhat experimentally—to Baltimore city. He re- mained there only a year, and upon the breaking out of the cholera, in that city, in 1832, he returned to Bel Air, and resuming his practice in that county, continued there until the winter of 1838-9, when he removed finally to Baltimore. Mr. Bradford attached himself in early life to the Whig party, and earnestly espoused the cause of its great leader, Henry Clay. He was one of the Electoral candidates, elected upon the Clay Electoral ticket, in Mary- land, in the Presidential election of 1844, and the defeat of that great statesman in that election, so disheartened and disgusted him, that like many others of his followers, he took no part in political contests for many years thereafter, and it was not until the Presidential election of 1860, that he ever afterwards addressed a political assemblage in the State, or attended any political meeting of its citizens. In 1835, Mr. Bradford was married to Elizabeth Kell, the youngest daughter of the late Judge Kell, of Baltimore, one of the Associate Judges of the Sixth Judicial District of Maryland, composed at that time of the counties of Balti- more and Harford. In 1845, Governor Pratt appointed him the Clerk of Baltimore County Court, at that time having exclusive jurisdiction of all civil suits instituted in the city or county of Baltimore, as well as of all criminal proceedings originated in the county, and his appointment as the clerk of such a court was another reason which made it, in his opinion, his duty, to abstain from all active participation in party politics while he held that office. How he discharged its duties may be found by a reference to the minutes of the court, and especially to a letter from the judges thereof, addressed to him, and ordered by them to be spread on these minutes, as the last of their official acts, before both these judges and their clerk, went out of office, under the new State Constitution of 1851. Two of the three judges who subscribed that letter had, previously to their appointment, taken an active interest in party politics, and as it happened, both of them had always been in their political principles avowedly opposed to those of their clerk, a circumstance that renders such a testimonial as honorable to them, as it enhances its value to their clerk, as a voucher for its impartiality. Such is the tenor of this letter, that in these times, especially when official misfeas- ance or delinquency is so much more often the rule than the exception, that extracting it from these judicial minutes, we give it at length, as there recorded: Bartimoreg, December ist, 1851. To Aucustus W. BRApForRD, Esq., Clerk of Baltimore County Court. Sir: Having this day made a careful and thorough ex- amination of the papers and records of the office of the clerk of the County Court, such as the law requires, and the Judges of this Court have performed from time to time, we avail ourselves, on this, the last occasion, and the one which closes our official relations, to convey to you in terms of unqualified approbation, our feeble attestation to your upright and perfect discharge of the responsible duties which the law imposed upon your office. We only thus reiterate what we had frequent occasion to certify, that now, as heretofore, we have uniformly found the voluminous papers and records under your charge, arranged and preserved in perfect order and with all the advantage of economy and convenience of access so indis- pensable to its successful administration. In our repeated examinations, we have never yet dis- covered the slightest trace of omission or neglect. Through the whole period of your official action not the smallest complaint has ever been breathed to the court from a sin- gle individual of that vast public whose business is daily connected with your office. Your subordinates have been efficient and competent men, and with such assistants and the perfect order and arrangement of your office, its admin- istration by you could not but challenge the confidence of the court and the community. That these salutary ends should be attained and certified to the public, was in the view and design of the law which imposed the visitorial power over the office upon the court, Franklin Engraving & Printing Ci BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 33 and it is with unfeigned pleasure we now record the fact that you have not disappointed them. In offering this just tribute of commendation to your offi- cial conduct, we should still fail of our purpose, if we were not permitted to add our personal and individual acknowl- edgments to yourself and the clerks more immediately con- nected with the functions of the court, for the patient and obliging discharge of their laborious and important duties. Their thorough familiarity with and knowledge of practice and duty, justified at all times our unreserved confidence, and we need hardly say essentially advanced the business of the court. In return for your courteous and gentlemanly bearing, in all your relations with the court, we can only wish you in your retirement, years of happiness and continued pros- perity ; and as a testimonial of our just appreciation of your public service, we have directed a copy of this paper to be recorded in the archives, as the last act of the Judges of Baltimore County Court, and as a proper appendage to this their final report. Sincerely and respectfully yours, etc., WILLIAM FRICK, JouN PURVIANCE, Joun C. Le GRAND. In January, 1861, Governor Hicks appointed Mr. Bradford, as one of the representatives from Maryland, to the “Peace Conference,’ then about to assemble in Washington, and upon the first manifestation of a disunion sentiment in the South, and even before any overt act of rebellion had been yet committed, he so conspicuously sup- ported the cause of the Union, that upon the organization of the Union party in Maryland, and the assembling of its Gubernatorial Convention, in Baltimore, in the summer of 1861, Mr. Bradford, on the first ballot of that Convention, was nominated as their candidate for Governor, and after thoroughly canvassing the entire State, was elected by the unprecedented majority of 31,000 votes, over one of the most popular and influential citizens of the State, nominated by the opposition. He was inaugurated as Governor of Maryland, in January, 1862, and continued in that office until January, 1866, during all which time he was the ardent advocate of the Union, and exerting whatever power he possessed for its restoration. These exertions, however, cost him a ruinous personal sacrifice. In July, 1864, during a raid made into the State by the insurgent forces, a squad of them, detailed for the purpose, from their camp, in the neighborhood of Reisterstown, visited his dwelling, situated about four miles from Baltimore, and in his absence, set fire to it and burnt it to the ground, with all that it con- tained, including furniture, books and private papers. They left a note with the female members of his family, who at the time were its sole occupants, stating that the act was committed by order of Brigadier-General Bradley T. Johnson, in retaliation for the burning by General Hunter, of the house of Governor Letcher, of Virginia. Although, as before stated, the Government had no more ardent or consistent supporter in its efforts to subdue the Rebellion than Governor Bradford, he was throughout impelled to that course, not so much from any political hostility to ex- isting or pre-existing parties, as the conscientious convic- tion that nothing but a determined adherence to the Union could preserve the Nation, and was especially essential to the salvation of such a State as Maryland. Her conserva- ‘tive attachments were traditional, and kept her at all times so safely anchored to the Union cable, that no State Rights or slavery heresies had ever yet been able to weaken that tie. Governor Bradford adhered to these conservative ‘principles to the end as well as at the very beginning of the Rebellion, and his confidence in the loyalty of Maryland, at both these periods, rested chiefly upon her well-known conservatism ; but that conservatism never for a moment caused either him or his constituents to hesi- tate, when the question of slavery was interposed, and the issue at some moments might have seemed to be, whether it or the Union should be sacrificed. He and they had both been long since convinced that this ancient institu- tion was in no respect adapted to her geographical posi- tion or her industrial pursuits, and that but for the officious and unwarranted interposition of Northern enthusiasts, a generation ago, it would have disappeared from our terri- tory. Now, however, other enthusiasts, nearer home— now made zealots in the cause of emancipation—struggling as such zealots are apt to do, to excel their prototypes, and to make themselves the most conspicuous of any in their partisan aspirations, were seeking for ascendency as leaders in the matter of emancipation, and willing, apparently, to accept it on any terms, provided, only, that it could be ac- complished promptly. Governor Bradford was already sedulously employed in securing the accomplishment of emancipation in a more legitimate and the only Constitu- tional manner. On the meeting of the Legislature, early in January, 1864, having called their attention to that anomalous provision in their existing Constitution, prohib- iting the abolition of slavery, and pointing out how that clause might be abrogated, and a new Constitution abol- ishing slavery be adopted before the end of the coming summer, he had the satisfaction of seeing the Legislature adopt his advice, and all things promising the results he had predicted. The new demonstrations made by the radical emancipationists, and which first attracted attention in the latter part of 1863, and seemed at times almost to indicate that they would favor emancipation on almost any terms, though for a while they alarmed the Constitutional friends of emancipation, then “seeking “its accomplishment by a change of the organic law, were wholly insufficient to baffle or delay their object. The vote of the people sustained the call of the Convention which did its work, and its Con- stitution was ratified. That Convention, by one of the clauses in the new Constitution, gave authority to the 34 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. soldiers absent from home, at the time fixed for its adoption by the vote of the people, to join in that vote, and pointed out the process by which that vote should be ascertained and reported. It also enjoined upon the Governor “to make known to the officers of the State regiments the pro- visions of this arficle, and request them to exercise the right hereby conferred upon them, and to take all means proper to secure the soldiers’ vote.” In pursuance of this direction, and the discretion thereby confided in him, Gov- ernor Bradford, at the proper time, appointed agents to visit the different regiments in the field, to receive and deliver to him the returns of the votes of the different companies, furnished these agents with printed instructions, pointing out in the most particular and precise manner how the officers charged with the duty of taking the votes of the soldiers were to proceed, the rules they should observe in ascertaining the legality of the votes offered, and in- closed copies of the forms of return which the returning officers should observe, and other instructions designed to make the course to be taken by the soldiers in the taking and return of their vote so perspicuous, that no one could well go astray. He did this in the apprehension—well founded as the result proved—that the opponents of the new Constitution, possessing abundant means for the pur- pose, would use them liberally in subjecting the returns of these soldiers’ votes to the severest scrutiny. When these military returns were made to the Executive office, one of the most distinguished and astute counsel in the State ap- peared there and asked the liberty to inspect them. This was immediately granted, and the Governor’s consent given to the appointment of a day when the counsel should ap- pear before him, file any éxceptions he might make to the legality or sufficiency of these returns, and argue them at length before him. The day was appointed, and the argu- ments made before the Governor consumed two days. There were upwards of sixty points of exceptions made to the different‘returns of the soldiers’ votes. Without pausing here to note them, the reader, curious on that subject, may find their purport in the “ Opinion of the Governor,” set forth at length in the Appendix to Dedates of Constitutional Convention, of 1864, volume iii, page 1919. The new Constitution went into effect in Maryland on the Ist of November, 1864, and thus to a great extent by the action and influence of its then Governor was slavery thenceforth abolished in Maryland, by the direct action of its own people, without military interference or Constitutional ag- gression of any kind, some time before it disappeared else- where under the provisions of the National Legislature. But though Governor Bradford, by thus adhering to the only Constitutional mode by which slavery could be abolished in Maryland, manifested his readiness to see it so abolished, and by his consistent and persistent course, did as much to- wards its abolishment as any other citizen of the State, it was evident from the whole tenor of his addresses and writ- ings upon the subject during the progress of the war, that the polar star which guided his course during the lowering gloom of the Rebellion, was his paramount attachment to the Union, and that sooner than surrender it, he was ever ready to sacrifice every other interest or institution. This he made most emphatically manifest in an address which he de- livered before the citizens of Baltimore, in the midst of the most exciting agitation, to which we have just alluded,. growing out of the discussions upon the question of eman- cipation in Maryland. The occasion was a banquet given to welcome the advent of General Schenck to the command of the Middle Military Department, which took place’ in January, 1863, and over which the Governor presided. We give the following extract from his opening address : “The loyal men of Maryland, my friends, have no par- ties to sustain, no parties to create, no parties to revive. They have no presidents to make, no presidents to recom- mend. Were the presidential election to come off in a month, Maryland’s loyal men would not rest their hopes on the Republican party, or the Democratic party, or the old line Whig party. They would propose no candidate ‘but a pure Pro Patria, Anti-rebellion honest man, and that alone would fill up the measure of their candidate for the presidency. They know full well that however much any one party may have had to do in tearing down the fair fabric which was once such a pride of all of us, that no one party can of themselves ever build it up again. My gal- lant friend here to-night belonged to an old national con- servative party that I am sure, he as well as myself, if we spoke our honest thoughts, would say compared most fa- vorably with any that ever preceded or survived it; but yet I am sure I speak his sentiments, as well as my own, when I say that if we could, by a single word of ours, re- vive that old party to-morrow we would not do it until we had first reconstructed that old family mansion now so fearfully shaken by the whirlwind of Rebellion. Such, my friends, I would have our guests and others believe is the loyalty of Maryland’s loyal men. Such I believe it to be, such J know it should be, and I have confidence it will continue to be. It will repudiate all local, all sec- tional, all subordinate, all selfish considerations—every consideration in fact that has the power or possibility of diverting its hand from the great work that occupies its heart. The loyal men of Maryland have but one purpose and one hope, but one ambition and one thought, and that is the Union, its restoration, its preservation, its per- petuity. We would save it at all hazards, andif not with all the improvements that some of us might suggest, then with all the interests and institutions that have ever found shelter beneath it. We would then, at least, be saving it in the identical shape in which our fathers themselves received it from their own patriotic ancestry. We would, therefore, save the ark and all that it contains, every bird, and every beast, and every creeping thing that ever found refuge be- neath its roof. But if this be not possible, and some must be thrown overboard, then let them go. I say—sacred, \ s \ ' After calling on the President and making known to him BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 35 patriarchal, though some may regard them—go to the very depths of the sea, so that we may save the ark itself with its precious freight of popular government, public liberty, republican institutions, religious toleration, the home of our children, the hope of the universe. All—all to be annihilated whenever it goes down.” Governor Bradford attended the meeting and was called to preside over the deliberations of the Loyal Governors, held at Altoona, Pa., in the month of September, 1862—in many respects a most interesting assemblage. He was ap- pointed by President Johnson, in 1867, the Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore, an office which he held only until April, 1869, when General Grant removed him, although one of his supporters in the election of 1868; appointing in his place Eddington Fulton, Esq., brother of the editor of the Baltimore American. He never sought office, how- ever, with any inordinate solicitude. In 1874, during General Grant’s last term, he offered Governor Bradford the appointment of Appraiser in the Baltimore Custom House, and as soon as the papers of next morning apprised him of the fact, and before receiving any official communication of it, he hurried to Washington to decline the appointment. the reasons which compelled him to decline the position, he, at the instance and request of the President to put those reasons in writing, wrote the following letter, to which others in like circumstances would do well to refer; Wasuincton, December 22, 1874. To PRESIDENT GRANT. Mr. PRESIDENT: The morning papers of to-day have brought to my notice the fact that you yesterday did me the honor to nominate me to the Senate for the office of Ap- praiser-General of Merchandise in the Baltimore Custom House. Whilst tendering you my cordial thanks for the nomination, I consider it as due to you, as well as to my- self, to state why I feel constrained to decline it. The office is one that seems to me to require the services of an experienced and judicious merchant, and my own past pursuits have been so entirely outside of such a sphere, without either mercantile education or experience, that I cannot but feel, that for me to undertake to discharge the duties of such an office, would make me entirely dependent upon deputies or assistants. To accept any office, under such circumstances, would be altogether repugnant to my notions of official qualification and responsibility, and I beg, therefore, sir, that you will withdraw my name from the consideration of the Senate and substitute some other. Whilst I have thus expressed the chief, if not the only reason that prompts me to this course, I trust I shall be understood that in coming to this conclusion, nothing like hostility or opposition, either to yourself or your adminis- tration, has mingled with the motives that have actuated me; on the contrary, I beg leave to assure you, that for the one as for the other, I cherish nothing but the best wishes | to Governor Bradford’s and the kindliest feelings. Ihave the honor to be, with highest regard, your obedient servant, A. W. BRADFORD. The President appointed Judge Goldsborough, of the Eastern Shore, after Governor Bradford’s declension, and the latter has held no office since. We have already re- ferred to the destruction of Governor Bradford’s property, which was costly and valuable, and although as we under- stand, many are under the impression that for that loss he has been indemnified, it may be as well to state the fact that not a dollar in the way of such indemnity has ever yet been paid or promised to him, either by the State or Federal Government. The last reference we have to make is a brief impromptu address, called from him during the festivities attending the inauguration of his successor, Governor Swann, in January, 1866, on the day upon which he sur- rendered the State Government to that gentleman. Brief though it be, and delivered upon the spur of the moment, yet considered as his valedictory to his State, it seems to be an appropriate conclusion to this sketch of his career. Governor Bradford spoke as follows: “I thank you, my friends, for the kindly feeling expressed in this call, and as I am sure you would not have me interrupt the festivities of this occasion by anything in the way of a long speech, I will endeavor not to disappoint that expectation, The occasion is well calculated to call to mind the time when and circumstances under which I entered upon the execu- tive duties, which I this day surrender with unaffected pleasure to my distinguished successor. After a retirement of fifteen years from all political and professional life, and whilst engaged in the quiet rural pursuits to which early predilections inclined me, in August, 1861, the Conven- tion of the Union party of Maryland did me the honor to nominate me for Governor of my native State, an honor none the less distinguished, and I assure you not the less appreciated, because it came unsought. I would not have you believe that I am less sensible of the distinction of such a position than the rest of my fellow-citizens, and yet I can with truth declare there is no man living who can say that I ever directly or indirectly, by word or deed, solicited or sought the situation. I was absent from the State when the nomination was made, and had been for some weeks, and when you call to mind the circumstances of that period, the gloom that then enveloped us, the insurrection that, having mastered the South, was spreading around us, gloating over the transient triumphs then but recently achieved—the Bull Run battle and the battle of Spring- field but then just over—and when you remember the state of things in our own State,-society shaken to its very centre, an old and influential party very generally sympa- thizing with the rebellion, aided and assisted by many of the old leaders of another party, with all of whom I had previously maintained the most intimate social and politi- executive career, 36 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. cal relations—you will not wonder that I did not covet the position, and that I felt staggered at the thought of the re- sponsibilities it involved. But still I could not but feel, that at such a time and when the little mite that any of us possessed was so obviously due to the government under which we lived—a claim strengthened by the sight of so many proving recreant around us—to decline any responsi- bility, however onerous, would be a cowardly dereliction of duty, inconsistent with the course I had endeavored through life to pursue. With a grateful sense, therefore, of the honor done me by the convention, I accepted its nomination, and canvassed the State from Alleghany to Worcester. The loyal sons of Maryland, from no par- ticular effort or merit of mine, as I am well aware, but chiefly from that early and innate devotion to the Union which, throughout the late fearful struggle has been the crowning glory of the masses of our people, elected me by a majority of more than 31,000 votes—a majority, as I know, not so much given to Augustus W. Bradford, as to the candidate of the Union party pledged to aid in putting down the insurrection and restoring the Union, at any cost that human sacrifice could offer. With a trembling appre- hension that I might prove unequal to the task, I entered upon the discharge of my duties, and though I do not mean to relate a history of the last four years or pronounce any epilogue to my administration, you will excuse me for a brief allusion to the character of some of the difficulties of my situation. They far exceeded the estimate I had formed of them, It was not merely that the physical or clerical duties of the office were quadruple those of any preceding term, and with no addition to its clerical force, but such were the mental anxieties of the situation as at times to be almost overwhelming. Here permit me to say a word in justice to my assistants in the departments, and I owe the same tribute to all the other State officers with whom I have been officially associated. I found them at all times vigilant, industrious, and attentive, and consider it one of the fortunate. circumstances of my official term that I was able to go through it without any change of subordinates. My earliest concern was that the State, though divided as she was in sentiment, should send forth to the Union army such a number of representatives as be- fitted the loyal State I knew she was. And so the people were to be stimulated to volunteer, and the secret influences extensively at work to discourage that proceeding, were to be thwarted or neutralized. Then they were to be pro- vided with the best officers, and out of twenty-five hundred applications, docketed and on file, these selections were made. J owe them, too, the justice of saying, that with few if any exceptions, they not only fully met my expectations, but have, as I believe, fulfilled the highest hopes of their fellow- citizens. When volunteering flagged, the militia were to be enrolled and drafted; and the people, all unaccustomed to coercion, and encouraged by so many around them to resist it, were to be reconciled to the proceeding. Other and still more embarrassing difficulties were constantly springing up. On the one side were the secessionists and sympathizers, cloaking under an affected devotion to the rights and interests of the State, the most inveterate hos- tility to the Government, and a scarcely concealed attach- ment to the interests of the rebellion. On the other side were occasionally found politicians of an extreme type, who for some party end seemed disposed to rudely experi- ment with the well-known loyalty of the State, and appar- ently supposed that such were its interests or affections that it would submit to offensive discriminations against the State itself, rather than jeopardize the success of the Gov- ernment by any open collision with its rulers. Dark and difficult was the path by which your executive at times had to thread a way through these intricate mazes. That he could satisfy every one or even all the loyal ones was not to be expected. Others probably might have done better or done more; might at least have found fewer difficulties, or reached the goal by some shorter if not safer route. But I can conscientiously say, that let them have travelled by whatever route they might, none could have sought that goal with a more earnest or honest purpose, of fulfilling the pledges with which he started, and reaching it, if possible, victoriously at last. I will not enter into any discussion of those political topics, National or State, now challenging public attention. They have in a great measure been in- trusted to political agents, in whom I, and as I believe, the people generally have entire confidence. From this day forth I have no other interest in or influence over these subjects than any other citizen in the private walks of life, and yet such has been my connection with some of them that I shall never cease to look with a lively concern to those ultimate results and developments which the prog- ress and conclusion of the war have so far but partially unfolded. The great object of that war was to conquer the rebellion, and preserve the Union; and now that the powers of the Government have so successfully asserted their supremacy—now that these detestable and dangerous heresies are so confessedly expunged from the textbooks of Southern politicians ; now that the great blot upon our body politic, the fruitful source of all our strife, has been completely erased, Slavery being lifted from the land, and the Constitution of the United States as well as the most ultra of the Southern States themselves declaring that it shall never again pollute it—it seems to me that to fail to take advantage of these new and auspicious results—to fail to reunite the States for whose reunion we have so long and faithfully and successfully struggled—reunite them promptly and practically, would be to blindly bow to the behests of party rather than to respond as we should to the wants and claims of the country, and realize the substantial fruits of the situation as well as its incipient advantages, Of Maryland and her destiny I feel proud and I feel secure, She has vindicated her loyalty, and whilst passing through the struggle incident to that vindication, she has found BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 37 time to manifest her wisdom. Short as has been her new career, it has been long enough already to attest the value of that wisdom; and any true son of the good old State, as he looks back into her past through the five years that haye just elapsed—a period of time in her history, that, like the Roman Lustrum, has been to her a season of purifica- tion—then takes a glance at her present, and peering away across its clear sky, surveys the bright horizon of her Suture, must feel like the old Roman, at the thought of his citizenship, an exultant pride in his birthplace, as he can say, ‘ This Maryland, this loyal, union-loving, freedom- loving Maryland, this upward bound, expanding, regen- erated Maryland, this is, indeed, our Maryland.’ Long may she continue to grow and prosper, fulfilling and re- alizing the motto upon her time-honored escutcheon, that bids her to ‘ zcrease and multiply.” The reporter from whose published report we quote, added the following note: “The Governor’s speech was delivered with an indescribable eloquence and earnestness, that carried with him the fullest sympathies of his audience, as was mani- fested not only by their applause, but by the rapt and close attention which was given to every word that fell from his lips. At the close nearly all present sought an opportunity to present their respects and express their appreciation of his great services to the State.” Governor Bradford is a member of Mount Vernon Place M. E. Church, of Balti- more. He has had twelve children, of whom seven are living. Their names are Augustus W., Emeline K., Jane B., Lizzie, Charles H., Thomas Kell and Samuel Webster. WON: AASON, Rev. AuGUSTE FRANCKE, Pastor of Cal- aL Ne vary Baptist Church, Washington, D. C., was oes" born in- Clockville, New York, November 17, 1839. He is a descendant of sturdy old Samson Mason, a Dragoon of the Republican army of Oliver Cromwell, who came to America in 1650, and con- cerning whom the records of Rehoboth, Massachusetts, contain the following curious mention: ‘ December 9g, 1657, it was voted that Samson Mason should have free liberty to sojourn with us, and to buy house, lands, or meadow, if he see cause for his settlement, provided that he lives peaceably and quietly.” Anabaptist as he was, this permission was regarded a peculiar act of grace on the part of the New England Puritans. For generation after generation the descendants of Samson Mason were pastors of the Baptist Church in Swansey, Massachusetts. Rev. Alanson P. Mason, D.D., the sixth generation from the old Cromwellian, and Sarah Robinson Mason, were the parents of Auguste Francke Mason. Mr. Mason’s father, an able and prominent minister of the Baptist Church, after a pastorate at Clockville, New York, was settled for six years at Brooklyn, New York, and thirteen years at Chelsea, Massachusetts. Mr. Mason’s mother was the 6 The daughter of a New England farmer, of moderate means, and a woman of superior intelligence and great force of character. She was educated at the then celebrated Mrs. Willard’s Seminary, at Troy, New York, in which school she afterwards became a teacher. Mr. Mason was educa- ted at Chelsea, Massachusetts. After leaving the High School, he became a clerk in the counting-room of the dry goods house of James M. Beebe & Co., of Boston, where his energy and business aptitude pointed to a successful business career. But, in 1857, during the great religious awakening of that year, he was the subject of deep re- ligious convictions, which caused him to withdraw from mercantile life, and to turn his attention to the Gospel ministry. After a course of study at Madison University, Hamilton, New York, from which he afterwards received the degree of Master of Arts, he was ordained, at Barn- stable, Massachusetts, in June, 1859. Although compara- tively 2 young man, his ministerial labors extend over a period of nearly twenty years, and have been attended with marked success. He has been settled as pastor at Meriden, Connecticut; New York City; Leominster, Mas- sachusetts; and is at present (1878), Pastor of Calvary Bap- tist Church, Washington, D.C., one of the largest churches in that city. Mr. Mason is an earnest and forcible speaker, and his sermons exhibit much originality of thought and scholarly research. The efficiency with which he has dis- charged his pastorial duties is evidenced in the large and increasing membership of Calvary Church, and the pros- perous condition of the Sunday-school, in which he has always taken the deepest interest. The church of which he is pastor, was organized sixteen years ago, and owns an edifice that cost over one hundred thousand dollars, to- gether with two Mission Chapels, all free from debt. In the vestibule of the church is a tablet to the memory of the Hon. Amos Kendall, through whose efforts and mu- nificent donations, the church secured its edifice and sub- stantial basis. The funds for the support of the church and Sunday-schools,—about six thousand dollars per an- num,—are raised entirely by pew rents and voluntary sub- scriptions, and no collections for the benefit of the church are ever taken. Calvary Church now has a membership of five hundred and forty, and the aggregate average attendance of the three Sunday-schools supported by it is about one thousand. yy more, was born in that city, January 14, 1809. His father, Stewart Brown, was, for many years, a highly respected merchant in Baltimore, and was prominent in many of the good works of his day. The subject of this sketch received his education in the city schools. When seventeen years of age, he entered the counting-room of Mr. Hugh Boyle, and remained in it about four years. In 1830, he engaged in the metal SWapROWN, J. Harmon, Register of Wills, in Balti- io 38 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. business in Baltimore, on his own account, which he con- ducted for thirteen years. In 1843, he was an assistant in the banking house of Alexander Brown & Sons, and afterwards, in the banking agency of Brown Brothers & Company, of New York, until about 1866. In 1867, he was elected, on the Democratic ticket, Register of Wills of the city of Baltimore, an office for which his previous business experience and tact well qualified him. To this office he was again elected in 1873, without opposition. Mr. Brown has been a ruling elder in the First Presbyte- rian Church for thirty-eight years. For ten years he has been Treasurer of the Baltimore Association for Improv- ing the Condition of the ‘Poor. He has been a Manager of the Maryland State Bible Society since its formation, and, for the last five years, Corresponding Secretary. He has also been, from its beginning, a Manager of the Mary- land Industrial School for Girls, and also, a Manager and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Henry Wat- son Children’s Aid Society. Ever since its organization, he has been Vice-President of the Prisoners’ Aid Society. For about twenty years he has been a teacher in the Peni- tentiary Sunday-school. He has also been an efficient member in all the religious societies connected with the Presbyterian Church. In 1830, Mr. Brown married Miss ’ Margaretta, daughter of John Wilson, a well-known mer- chant of Baltimore. He has four children living, all of whom are married. One is a missionary in Brazil. @Y¥e ILVERWOOD, Hon. WI 114M, Legislator, Tem- 5 perance Reformer, and Merchant, son of Wil- “Ss liam and Sarah (Sensecal) Silverwood, was born i, at Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire, England, Jan- uary 13, 1826. His parents were both natives i of England, his father being a descendant of Thomas and Sarah Silverwood, whom the genealogical record of the family shows to have been residents of Crox- ton Kerrial as early as the year 1709. Mr. Silverwood’s father died at Croxton Kerrial, February 8, 1873, at the advanced age of eighty-five, and, as Mr. Silverwood was revisiting England at that time, he was present at his father’s bedside during the closing hours of his life. Wil- liam Silverwood, Senior, being a farmer, in reduced cir- cumstances, with a large family to support, the educational advantages of the subject of this sketch were necessarily very limited. His present position has been attained en- tirely through his own exertions. He attended school in his native village until his twelfth year, and was then em- ployed, away from home, as a farmer boy, until he was eighteen years of age. After two years.spent in the em- ploy of W. Parson, Esq., he entered into the service of an English gentleman, the Rev. Edward Manners, a rela- tive of the Duke of Rutland. He remained in the em- ploy of that gentleman until the year 1848, being then ~ in the city of New York May 27, 1848. twenty-two years of age, when he decided to emigrate to America, having accumulated enough from his earnings to defray his expenses to this country. He ‘was married on the 6th of March, 1848, to Miss Mary Sadler, daughter of David and Elizabeth Sadler, of Waltham, Leicestershire, the marriage ceremony being performed by the Rev. Mr. Manners, his employer, who gave the bridal party a wedding dinner, as a mark of the high esteem in which Mr. Silver- wood and his bride were held. On the 4th of April, follow- ing, Mr. Silverwood and his wife embarked, at Liverpool, on the sailing vessel ‘“‘ Thomas Bennett,” and, after a long voyage, characterized by all the disagreeable and hazarduus experiences of an ocean voyage in those days, they landed Four days thereafter they embarked in a schooner, at New York, and sailed for Baltimore, arriving at the latter city on Saturday, June 4th, of the same year. The expense of the trip re- duced Mr. Silverwood’s means to the sum of a sovereign and a few shillings, and as he was unable to obtain em- ployment for several days after his arrival in Baltimore, his future outlook was not altogether encouraging. He remained unemployed but one week, however, and just as his last dollar was being expended, he apprenticed him- self to Mr. Daniel Goodacre, a stonecutter, with whom he worked for a year and a half, and, after that, completed his apprenticeship with Messrs. Gault & Brothers. On completing his apprenticeship, he was engaged in journey- work for that firm for about six months, when he com- menced business, as a stone-cutter, on his own account, in Old Town, on what was then known as Canal Street. He continued in that business, at the same place, until the year 1866. Ten years prior to that time, he also entered into the coal business, in which he has continued up to the present time, being now exclusively and extensively engaged in the regular coal and wood business, at No. 261 North Front Street,and 81 East Monument Street, in the city of Baltimore. While in the stone business, Mr. Sil- verwood filled several large contracts in and around Balti- more. The steps and portico to the main entrance at Bay View Asylum, in Baltimore, the workmanship of Mr. Silverwood, is said to be one of the largest pieces of gran- ite work in the United States. The platform of the steps is sufficiently high to admit of vehicles passing beneath. For eighteen years prior to 1873, he was associated in business with Mr. Richard Sheckells, since whose death, which occurred at the time mentioned, he has carried on the business with his sons, under the firm name of Silver- wood & Sons. Commencing without a dollar, Mr. Silver- wood has worked his way up gradually and successfully, and his business career since his arrival in Baltimore, has been one of uninterrupted success. He is President of the Coal Trade Banking Association, of Baltimore city, which position he has held since the organization of that asso- ciation. He was a member of the Maryland Legislature, baving been elected to the House of Delegates, on the eee Foes EE Ht By BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 39 Republican ticket, in the year 1864. While a member of that body, he introduced a bill, which became a law, and is now in force, providing against the sale of spirituous liquors to minors, the beneficial results of which are apparent in the great decrease in drunkenness throughout the State, since the passage of the bill. He has been iden- tifed with the Republican party since its organization, and, during the late war, was very outspoken in his allegiance to the United States Government, often at great personal peril. He was a member of the Union League, and was an efficient member of the Christian Commission from the time it was first organized, contributing to its financial needs, and visiting the hospitals, and ministering to the wants of the wounded and suffering soldiers. He was the pioneer of a large English element, which settled at Bal- timore and vicinity after his arrival here, over which he exerted a great influence in favor of the Government, during the war. He has been a member of the Methodist Church from boyhood, his ancestry having been members of the same church from the days of Wesley. For seve- ral years he has been Treasurer of the Board of Trustees of the Monument M. E. Church, of North Baltimore Station. He has long been an earnest and enthusiastic worker in the cause of temperance, being connected with most of the temperance organizations of the State. He has filled the positions of Grand Worthy Templar of the Temple of Honor of Maryland and the District of Colum- bia; Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance; Grand Worthy Patron of the Cadets of Temperance, and Chairman of the First Legislative District of the City of Baltimore, of the Maryland State Temperance Alliance, the meetings of the Alliance in the district mentioned being held under his direction. He has lectured and worked diligently and energetically throughout the State for years, in the interest of the temperance cause, declin- ing to receive any compensation whatever for his services. He has also lectured, frequently, on miscellaneous sub- jects, his lectures being principally descriptive of his American and European travels, Mr. Silverwood having crossed the American Continent in 1877, spending some time at Salt Lake, San Francisco, the Geysers, and other places of interest on the Pacific Coast, and having twice revisited Europe, since his arrival here, in 1848. He al- ways speaks extemporaneously; and, having a remarkable memory, brings to bear an inexhaustible fund of statisti- cal information to illustrate the truth of which he speaks. He has acquired a ready mode of generalizing facts, cal- culated to interest and convince his hearers. He is a member of the Baltimore Poor Association, and also of the association, under the auspices of which the children’s excursions are carried on every year, and has, from time to time, contributed liberally towards other charitable and benevolent enterprises, as he has had opportunity. He has five children, three sons and two daughters: John William, Sarah Elizabeth, Robert David, Harriet Lucy, and Wesley Lincoln. His two oldest sons are associated with him in business, and all. the members of his family are active in temperance and church work. G OMPTON, Hon. BARNES, State Treasurer, was ‘ Ie the third child and second son of William Penn and Mary Key (Barnes) Compton, and was born November 16, 1830, at Port Tobacco, Charles County, Maryland. His parents were of English descent, but Mary Key, his maternal grandmother, was of Scottish ancestry. She was the daughter of Philip Key, of St. Mary’s, and a sister of the late Hon. Henry G. S. Key. Her husband, John Barnes, was clerk of the court for Charles County from his majority to his death, at sev- enty-six years of age, in the year 1844, and his brother, Richard Barnes, was Register of Wills for the same court for a number of years. The fatherof Mr.Compton was a son of Dr. Wilson Compton, of Charles County, who was a son of the original settler. Dr. Compton married Elizabeth Penn, daughter of Wm. Penn, of the same county, the owner of the old estate known as Ludlow’s Ferry, which was the great thoroughfare across the Potomac from Eastern Virginia. When only three years old, Mr. Compton lost his mother, and his father when he was at the age of eight. His grandfather, John Barnes, died when Mr. Compton was fourteen years of age. In his childhood he lost two Brothers and a sister, and was thus left sole survivor of his family and heir of both the paternal and maternal estates. He was educated at Charlotte Hall, St. Mary’s, till ready for college. He graduated A. B. at Princeton, New Jersey, in 1851. He then returned and took possession of his patrimony, a large estate of twenty-seven hundred acres, and became a planter, and the second largest slave- holder in the county. In 1855 he was nominated as a candidate for the Legislature on the last Whig ticket in that county, but was defeated by Hon. William D. Mer- rick by five votes. He joined the Democracy in 1856, and voted for Buchanan. In the County Convention the fol- lowing autumn, he was nominated by acclamation for the State Senate, but this honor he declined. In 1859 he was without opposition nominated and elected to the House of Delegates for two years. The session of 1860 was held as usual at Annapolis, the capital of the State, but for po- litical reasons the session of 1861 was convened at Fred- erick City. Mr. Compton was on his way to take his seat in that Legislature, when learning that a number of its members had been arrested by the Federal authorities, he made his escape across the Potomac into Virginia, where he remained until the expiration of his term of service. He then returned to his home and remained unmolested until after the assassination of Lincoln, in 1865, when upon false information he was arrested and imprisoned in 40 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the Old Capitol at Washington. He was here retained four days and discharged without conditions. In 1866 he became a candidate for the State Senate, receiving sixty out of eighty votes in the convention for the nominatiog, and was elected without opposition for four years The Constitutional Convention intervening in 1867, another election was required in the fall of that year, when he was again nominated and elected without oppposition, and made President of the Senate. The whole Senate having been elected, it required a casting of lots to decide who should take the short or the long term. Mr. Compton drew a short term, and was elected again in 1869, for four years from January, 1870, without opposition, either in the convention or before the people. He received three hun- dred and ten out of a poll of three hundred and thirteen votes, cast in his own district, and was for a second time made President of the Senate. Upon each of these occa- sions that body was composed exclusively of members of the Democratic party. In 1872 he became a candidate for the office of State Treasurer, but was defeated in caucus by Hon. John Davis, of Baltimore. In March of the same year he was appointed Tobacco Inspector by Governor William Pinkney Whyte, and served two years in that office. In 1874 he was elected State Treasurer for two years, and was re-elected in 1876, and in 1878 he was unanimously nominated in the party caucus for a third term, and re-elected by the Legislature. Mr. Compton was married October 27, 1858, to Margarette Holliday Sothoron, daughter of Colonel John Henry Sothoron, of St. Mary’s County, and has six children. The names of his four sons are, John Henry Sothoron, Key, William Penn, and Barnes; his daughters are Mary Barnes and Elizabeth Somerville. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Mr. Compton has travelled very ex- tensively in the United States and in Canada. Heisa man of fine presence and great personal popularity. For many years he has taken an active part in the political campaigns of the State and invariably attracts by his elo- quence a large and interested audience. As a public speaker he is clear, forcible, and logical. He has also de- livered a number of lectures of acknowledged merit on lit- erary and social topics. In the councils of his party he exerts a commanding influence, and in the many high public trusts which have been committed to him not a word has ever been breathed against his honor and integrity. FRE RCHER, Joun, M.B., was born in Harford County AN: (then a part of Baltimore County), Maryland, eo, May 5 (O. S.), 1741. He was the son of a Thomas Archer, a farmer, residing near Church- ville, in that county. His great-grandfather was Robert Archer, who lived in the north of Ireland. His grandfather, John Archer, who married Esther Irwin, came to America in the early part of the last cen- tury from the vicinity of Londonderry, with his family, consisting of his wife, three sons and a daughter. It is believed that he first settled in Cecil County, near Notting- ham. He soon, however, removed to the adjoining county of Harford. The family is probably descended from John de Archer, who crossed over from Normandy to England with William the Conqueror, inasmuch as we have the excellent authority of the Excyclopedia Britannica for the statement (in the article Heraldry”) that all the Archers in Great Britain are descended from him. The date, however, of the migration to Ireland of the particu- lar member of the family from whom the emigrant to America was descended is unknown. Two of the latter’s sons, Nathaniel and James, removed to Virginia and North Carolina respectively. The daughter, Esther, mar- ried in Harford County and left numerous descendants. Thomas, the third son of John Archer, married Elizabeth Stevenson, of the same county. They had five children, four of whom were swept off in their infancy, in 1747, by a malignant fever, the only surviving child, John, the sub- ject of this sketch, and from whom all the Archers in Maryland, who are relatives of this family, are descended, barely escaping death at the same time. John Archer received his rudimentary education at Nottingham Acad- emy, in Cecil County, at that time a school of considerable reputation. Here he was a classmate of Dr. Benjamin Rush, with whom an intimacy continued until his death. In 1760 he took the degree of A. B. at Nassau Hall, and three years later that of A.M. He then studied theology and entered the ministry of the Presbyterian Church. In a very short time, however, a throat disease depriving him almost entirely of his voice, he abandoned the pulpit and turned his attention to medicine. In the spring of 1765, he became a private pupil of Professor John Morgan, and attended lectures in the College of Philadelphia, a medical department having just been engrafted upon it, which was the germ of the present University of Pennsylvania. On the 18th of October, 1766, he married Catharine, daughter of Thomas Harris, a neighboring farmer, and Mary Mc- Kinney. Thomas Harris was another youthful emigrant from the Protestant section of Ireland. He died in 1801, being upwards of one hundred years of age, and leaving several children, many of whose descendants now reside in Philadelphia. Between his second and third courses of lectures John Archer practiced physic in New Castle County, Delaware. After his third course he took his degree, June 21, 1768. This being the first graduating medical class in America, there was quite an exciting con- test as to who should receive the very first medical honors conferred in the New World.* Declining a partnership * The faculty, out of respect to the mother country, favored an Englishman, the only one among the eight graduates. The Ameri- can-aspirants resisted stoutly, and the matter was compromised by conferring the degrees alphabetically, except that the Englishman’s name was allowed to appear somewhat higher upon the list than the alphabetical arrangement would have permitted. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 41 generously offered by his preceptor, Professor Morgan, he returned from Delaware, in July, 1769, to the place of his nativity, and commenced the practice of medicine. There being no other regularly educated physician within many miles, his professional services were in constant requisition in his own and the adjoining counties. This did not, how- ever, prevent him from engaging early and with much spirit in the great Revolutionary struggle. he was appointed on the “Committee of Observation,” to which were intrusted the local interests of the patriot party, and he was noted throughout for the zeal and untir- ing vigilance with which he discharged the important duties of his office. He also found time to drill his company of minute-men, though for this purpose, owing to the impair- ment of his voice before mentioned, he was obliged to use a speaking-trumpet. ‘On the 27th of November, 1776, he and another citizen were chosen “at a meeting of the greater part of the inhabitants of Harford County”—so the record runs—“ as Electors of a Senate to serve the State of Maryland and of a Committee of Observation for Har- ford County.’”” In August of the following year he was chosen a delegate to the State Convention to frame a Con- stitution for Maryland. This convention also drew up and adopted the famous Bill of Rights. Upon the close of the war he devoted himself exclusively to his profession, and had constantly under his charge medical students from Maryland and other States. In 1796 he was chosen Presi- dential elector at large for the State. Four years after- wards he was elected to Congress as a Jeffersonian Demo- crat, and was re-elected in 1802. Whilst in Congress he was frequently consulted by his professional brethren of Washington in their most difficult cases. Soon after the expiration of his second term he was unfitted from active pursuits by an attack of rheumatism, and remained in this condition until 1810, when, on the 28th of Septem- ber, he died suddenly, in the seventieth year of his age. For nearly half a century he had been a member, and du- ring a great portion of the time, an elder in the Presbyte- rian Church at Churchville, as his father had been before him. In Hooper’s Medical Dictionary, with Additions by Samuel Akerly, M.D., is the following: « Archer, John, M.D., of the State of Maryland, a celebrated prac- titioner of medicine. Many contributions of his on various subjects of medical science are to be found in the New York Medical Repository. . . .” The “M.D.” should be AZ.B., as he never applied for the higher degree, and was therefore called “ Doctor’? only by courtesy. There is also a sketch of him in Lanman’s Biographical Dic- tionary of the American Congress. Dr. Archer had nine children, six of whom (all sons) reached years of discre- tion, five of them selecting medicine as their profession, and studying under their father. The youngest of these, George W., died whilst a student. The other four, Thomas, Robert Harris, John, and James—named in the order of their ages—completed their medical studies and In June, 1774, practiced their profession. The remaining son, the youngest of the family, was the Hon. Stevenson Archer, for several years Chief Justice of Maryland. They have all passed away. Four of them, however, left numerous descendants, many of whom still live in Maryland, others in Pennsyl- vania, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. Judge Archer and Hon. William S. Archer, of Virginia, once traced out a relationship between themselves, through a collateral branch of the family. Gen. James J. Archer, who greatly distinguished himself during the late war as commander of one of ‘ Stonewall’’ Jackson’s brigades, and died in Rich- mond, in 1864, was a grandson of the subject of this sketch, and a son of Dr. John Archer, Jr. Hon. Steven- son Archer, another grandson, recently in Congress from Maryland, represented the same district which was formerly represented at various times by his father, Judge Archer, and his grandfather, whose history we are writing. Dr. Archer was above medium size, possessing great bodily strength, and had a large share of both moral and physical courage. His mind was of the combative order, never courting, yet never declining controversy, if the cause to be upheld was of moment, and his sarcasm, when roused, is said to have been withering. Although, in politics, un- flinching in the support of his party, he was too inde- | pendent to degenerate at any time into the demagogue or the place-hunter, too honest to be led merely by public opinion, or to allow ambition to swerve him from his convictions of right. While, therefore, he was admired for his strength of character, he was honored for his incorruptible integrity. In his portraits, his physiognomy is remarkably stern. His heart, however, was exceedingly kind, and he was ever prompt to relieve the distressed or resent their wrongs. SR HER. Tuomas, M.D., the eldest son of John AY) Archer, M.B., was born in Harford County, x Maryland, February 23, 1768. He received a ¥ good education, for those ill-favored times (em- q bracing some knowledge of Latin), and after due preparation in his father’s office, attended three courses of medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, at that time the College of Philadelphia. In 1788 he commenced the practice of medicine in his native county, and was constantly thus employed for nearly twenty-five years. In 1803, he married Miss Elizabeth Paca Phillips, daughter of James and Martha Phillips, of Harford County. Not many years afterwards, an attack of inflammatory rheuma- tism left him in a lamentable state of suffering and help- lessness, from which, though living several years after- wards, he never rallied, but gradually sank under it and other afflictions, and died on the 7th of October, 1821, in the fifty-third year of his age. He left a daughter and { ~ poetical tribute to the poet Burns is embraced in the last edition of Bryant’s Library of Poetry and Song. This was delivered at a Burns festival in Washington. His style of preaching is simple and direct, with very litle ornament, and this of the briefest and most pertinent kind. His funeral oration in the Senate chamber on the death of Vice-President Wil- son was pronounced by the Boston Hera/d as one of the most just and complete discourses of the kind ever deliv- ered, and Senator Sumner’s private secretary said the com- parison drawn between the two statesmen was remarkable for its aptness and accuracy. The work of Dr. Rankin’s church in the interests of humanity has been very marked. It stands in the community as in favor of temperance. Its position in favor of human rights has been consistently maintained, and large colored missions have been taught. Dr. Rankin has been hostile to slavery ever since the re- peal of the Missouri Compromise. He was invited to become associate pastor of the Circular Church, Charles- ton, South Carolina, through Professor Shedd and Dr. Blagden, in 1855-6, but declined because “he wanted to be on the Northern side when the split came.”’ He has always acted consistently with this decision. In Potsdam, St. Albans, Lowell, Charlestown, and Washington, his public utterances have always shown his faith in Republican in- stitutions, the preamble of the Declaration, and the Golden Rule. A Washington paper, Zhe Capital, Conservative and Democratic, thus speaks of his lecture on Burns: “Rev. Dr. Rankin maintained his high reputation as an elegant writer in his sympathetic and appreciative dis- course on the ploughboy poet, Robert Burns. All the phases of Burns’s wonderful career, his genius, and ‘e”en his failures,’ were sketched with grace and with the strong hand of a master. Mr. Rankin is himself a poet, a poet- preacher, with the strongest humanitarian views, and the liveliest interest in the advancement of the whole human His lecture on Robert Burns abundantly proved this, had any demonstration been necessary.’ Of the same lecture Frederick Douglass says: ‘Dr. Rankin’s lecture on Robert Burns was eminently just, keenly dis- criminating, eloquent and masterly, and altogether the best lecture I ever heard upon this, my favorite poet.”” Dr. Rankin was married, November 28, 1854, to Mary Howell Birge, daughter of Cyris Birge, Esq., and Adeline Frink, formerly of Middlebury, Vermont. Their eldest son, E. B. Rankin, M.D., graduated in medicine at Columbia Medical College, District of Columbia, and, for one year, had charge of the Children’s Hospital there. He is now practicing medicine, homceopathically, at Winnetka, IIli- nois. Dr. Rankin’s second son, Walter N., died in May, 1877, at the age of nineteen. He was a member of Prince- ton Co]lege, a generous, noble-hearted and gifted boy, who exhibited rare talent as a musical composer, and was skilled with the pencil. The third child, Mary Farnham, recently graduated with first honors at the Mount Vernon Female Seminary, Washington, D. C., and on November 11, 1878, was married to Harvey D. Goulder, a young lawyer of Cleveland, Ohio. The fourth, Andrew Wyman, died an infant, in Lowell, Massachusetts. The fifth and youngest child is Edith Gadcomb, now ten years of age. Dr. Rankin’s labors in the pastorate have been unbroken, save by a short annual vacation, usually spent in the woods, on the water, or among the farmers of some quiet region. He has spent several summers with the Friends in Montgomery County. He loves plain country people, and has a native repugnance to all attempts at aristocracy, whether of race, property, or culture. He is a ripe scholar, a fine linguist, well versed in French and German litera- ture, and a man of great versatility of gift, and freshness and vigor of thought. He is a forcible and energetic speaker, with a clear, strong, sympathetic, ringing voice, which always attracts attention. In personal appearance he is of little more than medium stature, with a muscular, closely-knit frame, a large head, full brown and deep-set race. 60 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, blue eyes, and a general roundness of face. He wears English side whiskers. His hair is thick and jet black, with very few of the “siller greys,” that he has described in one of his Scotch poems. He has always been an energetic, industrious, active, practical man. All his literary work has been incidental to his other work, as he is seldom absent from his pulpit, and is a faithful and industrious pastor. se Six Grorce, the first Lord Baltimore, . was born in 1582, at Kipling, Yorkshire, England. He was the son of Leonard Calvert, a respectable + farmer, and his wife, Alice (Croyall) Calvert. In ae, 1593, he was matriculated in Trinity College, Oxford, and in 1597, received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. While at college, he was distinguished for scholastic ac- quirements and literary culture. Upon leaving college, he made an extended tour through Europe; after which, he married, and became the clerk of Sir Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. His employment brought him to the notice of King James I, with whom he became a great favorite. In 1603, he was a member of Parliament, for Bossiney, in Cornwall; and, in 1605, upon the occasion of the visit of the King to Oxford, he was madé a Master of Arts. In 1606, he was Prothonotary, in Connaught, Ireland, and was, also, frequently employed abroad on public business, for several years. In 1610, he was made clerk gf the Privy Council, and was, in consequence of his familiarity with foreign languages, intrusted with the Italian and Spanish correspondence. In 1613, he was appointed one of the Commissioners to hear grievances, examine and report the condition of affairs in Ireland. In February, 1619, King James appointed him one of the principal Secretaries of State, and the next year granted to him the increased custom on silk, for twenty-one years, and an annual pen- sion of one thousand pounds. He was an accomplished courtier, and became the prime favorite of the whimsical and pedantic monarch, having won his heart by timely assistance in the preparation of a tractate against Vorstius, a professor in the University of Leyden. King James be- came so reckless in his expenditures, so lavish in grants of monopolies, so tenacious of kingly prerogative and bold in its abuse, and so free in dispensing orders for the release of recusants, that the friends of civil liberty and popular rights became alarmed, and laid the foundation for that political party, opposed to absolute power, which exists in England at the present day. At the election in December, 1620, Sir George Calvert was returned to Parliament, for York. At the very opening of the session, Calvert made himself so conspicuous by his bold advocacy of the claims of the King, that “he was censured for his forwardness.”’ At this period his disposition was restless, aspiring, and am- bitious. For the purpose of increasing his wealth and in- fluence he devoted himself to the speculation of coloniza- tion, then so rife in England. In 1620, he became in- terested in planting a colony at Ferryland, in Newfound- land, became connected with the Virginia Company, and, on the 5th of July, 1622, applied for membership in the New England Company. On the 30th of March and 7th of April, 1623, he received letters patent for the Province of Avalon, in Newfoundland, and sent thither many col- onists, provided with building materials and necessaries. Being then a Protestant and a member of the English Church, the spiritual wants of the colony were not over- looked, and the people of Ferryland were provided with pastors, clergymen of the Church of England. In 1624, he represented Oxford in Parliament, but the obloquy brought upon him by his share in the intrigue to marry the Prince, Charles, to the infanta of Spain, a match hateful to the English people, caused him to seek retirement and repose for his wounded spirit at his country-seat, “ Thistle- wood.” About this time he was created Baron of Balti- more. Archbishop Abbot, a contemporary, speaking of Sec- retary Calvert, wrote, ‘A course was taken to rid him of all employments. This made him discontented, and, as the saying is, ‘desperatio facit monachum,’ so he apparently turned Papist, which he now professeth, this being the third time he hath been to blame that way.” Lord Balti- more having declared himself, in 1625, a Roman Catholic, manifested the zeal of a convert. Being still a favorite at court and a pet of the imbetile King, he had no fear of molestation on account of his religion. His colony in Newfoundland had not been a profitable investment, and he determined to visit it. He arrived at Ferryland, July 23, 1627, and was accompanied by two Roman Catholic priests. After a brief visit he returned to England. Again, in the summer of 1628, he visited his distressed colony and inducted another priest into the settlement. The people were deprived of their beloved pastor, and the clergy of the Church of England sent home. In October, the people complained that, contrary to law, mass was publicly cele- brated in Newfoundland. Lord Baltimoré did not tarry long in his miserable colony, and, on the 19th of August, 1629, wrote to the King, “ My house hath been an hospi- tal, all this winter, of 100 persons, fifty sick at a time, my- self being one, and nine or ten of them died.” He also said, ‘I am determined to commit this place to fishermen, that are able to encounter storms and hard weather, and to remove myself with some forty persons to your Majesty’s domain, Virginia, where, if your Majesty will please grant me a precinct of land, with such privileges as the King, your father, was pleased to grant me here, I shall endeavor to the utmost to deserve it.” He landed at Jamestown in October, 1629. The arrival and well-known purpose of the powerful Roman Catholic nobleman produced great consternation in the Protestant colony of Virginia. The report of the breaking up of the English Church at New- foundland had preceded him. Governor John Pott and his Council, of whom William Claiborne was one, de- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. manded to know “ what his purpose was, being Governor of another plantation, to abandon that and come thus to Virginia?” He replied, that he came to plant and dwell. “Very willingly, my lord,” they answered, “ if your lord- ship will do what we have done and what your duty is to do.” Lord Baltimore refused to take the oath of suprem- acy. The authorities of Virginia then informed him that they could not, under their oaths, permit any one to settle in their colony who would not acknowledge all the pre- rogatives of the King of England, and firmly invited him to leave in the next ship. Leaving “his lady ” in Virginia, he explored the Chesapeake Bay, admired the beauty of its inviting prospects and fertile borders, noted the flour- ishing settlement on Kent Island, and returned to England to rejoin his children and to sue for a grant of land. He em- ployed himself, in leisure hours, drawing up a charter for his proposed province, and died April 15, 1632, leaving a, great reputation for probity, ability, and piety. He married Anne, daughter of George Mynne. She died August 8, 1622, and was the mother of the following children: Ce- cilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore; Leonard Cal- vert, who was Governor of Maryland from 1634 to June 9, 1647; George Calvert, who settled and died in Virginia ; Francis Calvert, Anna Calvert, Henry Calvert, Anna Cal- vert, who married William Peasley; Dorothy Calvert, Elizabeth Calvert, Grace Calvert, who married Sir Robert Talbot, of Kildare, Ireland; Helen Calvert, and John Calvert. was the eldest son and successor of Sir George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. Onthe 2oth of June, 1632, he received from Charles I the charter of Maryland, embracing a region of country, described as a “country hitherto uncultivated, in the parts of America, and partly occupied by savages, having no knowledge of the Divine Being.” It is remarkable that this grant from a Protestant King, of a Protestant country, should have been made to a Roman Catholic subject, at 2 time when proscription for religion’s sake was the rule of Christen- dom. The charter released the colonists from taxation by the Crown, and conferred upon the Lord Proprietary the power to ordain, make, and enact laws, “with the advice, assent, and approbation of the freemen of the same prov- ince,” and guaranteed to the inhabitants thereof “all privi- leges, franchises, and liberties of this our Kingdom of England, freely, quietly, and peaceably to have and pos- sess.’” The charter, while permitting, in its practical oper-_ ation, the freedom of all persons professing the Christian religion, amply protected the exclusive rights of the Eng- lish Church, and of those professing its faith. It gave to the Proprietary the right of selecting the clergymen sent to the colony by the Bishop of London, the diocesan of the 9 ALVERT, Crciius, the second Lord Baltimore, I a) 61 province. This right of advowson and presentation was exercised by the Proprietaries until the Revolution, in 1776. The fourth section of the charter granted this right in the following words: “ And, furthermore, the patronages and advowsons of all churches which (with the increasing worship and religion of Christ), within the said region, islands, islets, and limits aforesaid, hereafter shall happen to be built, together with license and faculty of erecting and founding churches, chapels, and places of worship, in convenient and suitable places, within the premises, and causing the same to be dedicated and consecrated accord- ing to the ecclesiastical laws of our Kingdom of England.” To prevent any misapprehension, the twenty-second sec- tion says: “ Provided, always, that no interpretation there- of be made, whereby God’s holy and true Christian re- ligion, or the allegiance due to us, our heirs and successors, may in any wise suffer, by change, prejudice, or diminu- tion.” It will be perceived that, under the charter, Prot- estantism, the celebration of Divine service, and the prac- tice of “ God’s holy and true Christian religion,” according “to the ecclesiastical laws of the Kingdom of England,” was provided for and protected, that was none other than the Church of England. King Charles, however, gra- ciously tolerated the personal religious views of Lord Bal- timore, who, like his father, had abandoned the faith of his ancestors and become an adherent of the Church of Rome, and permitted him without molestation, to afford an asylum to his co-religionists in Maryland—so that Mary- land came to be gratefully called by their historians the land of the sanctuary. For several years Lord Baltimore, who desired to make his colony a profitable investment, and with that view had encouraged the immigration of Protestants, was much embarrassed by the unreasonable claims and demands of the Jesuits for privileges incom- patible with his proprietary prerogatives, the terms of the charter, the laws of England, and the prosperity of the colony. In October, 1642, the Jesuits agreed to the fol- lowing: ‘Considering the dependence of the Government of Maryland on the state of England, unto which it must, as near as may be, be conformable, no ecclesiastical person whatever, inhabiting or being within the said province, ought to pretend or respect, nor is Lord Baltimore, or any of his officers, although they be Roman Catholics, obliged in conscience to allow said ecclesiastics, in said province, any more or other privileges, exemptions or immunities for their persons, lands or goods, than is allowed by his Majesty or his officers and magistrates, to like persons in England.” “‘And any magistrate may proceed against the person, goods, etc., of such ecclesiastic for the doing of right and justice to another, or for maintaining his proprietary pre- rogatives and jurisdictions, just as against any other per- son residing in said province.” ‘ These things to be done, without incurring the censure of bull Ccene, or com- mitting a sin for so doing.” Lord Baltimore appears, at this exciting period in English history, to have kept him- 62 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. self in a neutral or obscure position, and devoted all his thoughts and energies towards the development, security, and welfare of Maryland. The mixed population of the colony, a majority of whom being Protestants, and there- fore supposed to be friendly to the Parliament, and the un- certain condition of public affairs in England, made his position a difficult one, and demanded his utmost prudence, in order to preserve his charter. In February, 1645, Cap- tain Richard Ingle and William Claiborne headed an in- surrection of the inhabitants and drove Governor Leonard Calvert out of Maryland. Assisted by Sir William Berkeley, with a competent force, Governor Calvert returned to Mary- land in 1646. The colony of Maryland emerged from In- gle’s rebellion in a very depressed condition, The General Assembly of 1648, in a letter to Lord Baltimore, said, ‘Most of your lordship’s frignds here were despoiled of their whole estate, and sent away as banished persons out of the province. Those few that remain were plundered.” Yielding to the necessities of the times, he appointed on: the 6th of August, 1648, William Stone, “a zealous Protest- ant, and generally known to have been always zealously affected to the Parliament,” to be Governor of Maryland, with the understanding that Stone would bring into the province five hundred colonists. The settlers introduced by Stone were all Protestants of a superior class. The old and distinguished families of Maryland, with few excep- tions, trace their ancestry from the period of Stone’s ad- ministration, which was peculiarly favorable for the immi- gration of men of quality and culture. Lord Baltimore required of Governor Stone a new oath, which contained, for the first time, the following clause, inserted for the spe- cial protection of the minority: * And do further swear that I will not by myself, nor any person, directly or indi- rectly, trouble, molest or discountenance, any person what- soever, in the said province, professing to believe in Jesus Christ, and in particular no Roman Catholick, for, or in re- spect of his or her religion,” etc. On the 21st of April, 1649, the members of the General Assembly, in a letter, signed by all the members present, speaking of the last Assembly convened by Governor Calvert, said it, ‘two or three only excepted, consisted of that rebelled party,” who were “professed enemies” of his lordship. About this time, 1648-1649, the non-Conformists, Protestants, and In- dependents were ferreted out of Virginia and sought an asylum in Maryland. Hammond, a friend of Lord Balti- more, wrote, in 1656, that “an Assembly was called throughout the whole country, after their coming over, consisting as well of themselves, as the rest, and because there were some few Papists that first inhabited these them- selves, and others being of different judgments, an act was passed that all professing in Jesus Christ should have equal justice.’ The act, entitled “ An Act Concerning Religion,” was passed by a Protestant majority of the Legislature, April 21, 1649, and confirmed by Lord Baltimore, August 26, 1650. It was hoped that this act would give peace, to the colony, but at the next Assembly, in 1650, the four Roman Catholic members, John Medley, of Newtown, George Manners, of St. Michael’s, Philip Land, of St. Mary’s, and Thomas Mathews, of St. Inigo’s, objected to its principles. Mathews went so far as to say that he could not take the oath of toleration, ‘as he wished to be guided, in matters of conscience, by spiritual counsel.” He was censured and expelled, and Cuthbert Fenwick was seated in his place. Governor Stone maintained, with consummate zeal and ability, the mghts of his lordship, with varying fortune, until the 22d day of July, 1654, when the Government of Maryland fell into the hands of the Puritan Commissioners, William Fuller, Richard Preston, William Durand, Edward Lloyd, Captain John Smith, Leonard Strong, John Law- son, John Hatch, Richard Wells, and Richard Ewen. On the 24th of March, 1658, the Government of Maryland was surrendered to Lord Baltimore, and Josias Fendall became Governor. Fendall betrayed his trust and, on the 24th of June, 1660, Philip Calvert was appointed Governor. At this period the population of Maryland was twelve thou- sand. In 1661, Hon. Charles Calvert, son of the Proprie- tary, became Governor, and the colony commenced a career of unexampled prosperity. In less than fifteen years its population numbered twenty thousand, of whom, according to Lord Baltimore’s statement before the Court of Privy ~ Council, “ three-fourths were Presbyterians, Independents, and Quakers.”’ Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, married Anna, the beautiful daughter of Earl Arundel, who died in 1649, aged thirty-four years. He died 30th of Novem- ber, 1675, and was succeeded by his son, Charles Calvert, the third Lord Baltimore. of Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, came to Maryland with a commission, as one of the i Council of State, bearing date the 7th of November, 1656, became the Governor of the Province in 1661, and filled that position until he succeeded to the title on the 30th of November, 1675. _He married Mrs. Jane Sew- all, the widow of Hon. Henry Sewall, of Mattapany, on the Patuxent, in Maryland. On the 15th of May, 1676, he convened the Legislature, and, with its assistance, re-_ pealed many obnoxious laws, revived and confirmed those necessary for the prosperity of the province, and made many wise enactments. After a thorough and much-needed reformation of the statutory laws, he visited England, leaving Thomas Noteley, Esq., his Deputy Governor, and remained there until 1680. In 1682 an act was passed, entitled “An Act for Advancement of Trade,” which established many towns, ports, and places of trade throughout the province. Supplemental acts were enacted in 1684, 1686, and afterwards; but very few of these marts of commerce have left visible relics of-their existence or Go coc CHARLES, the third Lord Baltimore, son Ke BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 63 locality. For four years the Proprietary continued his residence in Maryland, and was much respected by the in- habitants. King Charles II becoming inimical, he deemed it necessary, in 1684, to return to England to protect his charter, and appointed a council of nine deputies, of whom William Joseph was President, to direct the affairs of the province, under the nominal governorship of his son, Benedict Leonard Calvert, then an infant. He found King James II upon the throne, whose open hostility was less dangerous to him than the discontent and revolution- ary ideas of the people of England. Before the King could consummate the forfeiture of Baltimore’s charter, he was a fugitive from the throne, deposed and driven out of England by his long-suffering and indignant subjects. Upon the accession of the good King William and Mary, Lord Baltimore sent instructions to Maryland for the in- stant proclamation of the change of government. These in- structions did not reach their destination. The timorous Council of Deputies became dazed with alarm, and knew not what to do in the emergency. In the meanwhile, the colonists, fully sympathizing with the uprising in England, and suspecting hostility to the Protestant religion and treason to the crown, boldly took matters into their own hands, and in April, 1689, formed “An association in arms for the defence of the Protestant religion, and for as- serting the rights of King William and Queen Mary to the Province of Maryland and all the English dominions.” On the 23d of August, 1689, the Convention of the People of Maryland requested the King to take the government of the province into his own royal hands. The conven- tion administered public affairs until it was dissolved by Sir Lyonel Copley, in 1691, the first royal Governor, who convened the General Assembly on the roth of May, 1692. The first act of the Legislature was “An Act of Recog- nition”’ of William and Mary as the King and Queen of England, and the dominions thereunto belonging. The next, Chapter II, was “An Act for the Service of Al- mighty God, and the Establishment of the Protestant Re- ligion in this Province,’ which declared “that the Church of England, within this province, shall have and enjoy all her rights, liberties, and franchises,” and made it the re- ligion of Maryland, in fulfilment of the provisions of the charter, granted by Charles I to Cecilius Calvert. After the death of Sir Lyonel Copley, Sir Edmond Andros was Governor, in 1693, and was succeeded, in 1693, by Harris Nicholson. It is pleasant to record that the first act of the Legislature convened by him, on the 21st of September, 1694, was “ An Act for the Encouragement of Learning and Advancement of the Natives of this Province.” This was the beginning of a bright era in the history of Mary- land. During the remainder of Lord Baltimore’s life, the following royal officials administered the affairs of the province: Nathaniel Blackiston, Governor, from 1699 to 1703; Thomas Tenels, President, from 1703 to 1704; John Seymour, Governor, from 1704 to 1709; Edward Lloyd, President, from 1709 to 1714; and John Hart, Governor, from 1714 to 30th May, 1715, and from that date, as Pro- prietary Governor until 1720.’ Lord Baltimore died- 2oth of February, 1714, aged eighty-four years, and was suc- ceeded by his son, Benedict Leonard Calvert, the fourth Lord Baltimore. As Baltimore, the son and successor of Charles Cal- J 2, 1698, Lady Charlotte Fitzroy, daughter of the Earl of Litchfield, and had four sons and two daughters: Charles, his successor; Benedict Leonard, mem- ber of Parliament for Harwick, in Essex, and Governor of Maryland from 1727 to 1732, who died at sea, in 1732; Edward Henry, Commissary General of Maryland, in 1728, and President of the Council of Maryland; Cecil, who died in 1765; Charlotte, who married Thomas Brere- wood, Esq.; and Jane. He returned to the religion of his ancient ancestors, and, on 13th of January, 1713, publicly declared his faith as a Protestant, and died April 16, 1715, having held the title of Lord Baltimore one year, three weeks and four days. He left his son, Charles Calvert, to succeed as the fifth Lord Baltimore. ¢ ALVERT, BENEDICT LEONARD, the fourth Lord vert, the third Lord Baltimore, married January ALVERT, Cuaruts, the fifth Lord Baltimore, I son and successor of Benedict Leonard Calvert, fourth Lord Baltimore, was born 29th of Septem- . ber, 1699, and educated in the faith of the Church of b England. He was appointed January 27, 1731, a gentleman of the bed-chamber to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and on the 1oth of December, of the same year, was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1732 he visited Maryland and administered the affairs of the prov- ince with ability. Upon his return to England, in 1734, he was elected a member of Parliament from St. Germain, in Cornwall, and from 1741 to 1747 he represented the County of Surrey. The author of the Founders of Mary- land, says that he “was a man of culture, pleasing ad- dress, and elegant person.”” The charter of Maryland was restored to him in 1715 by George I. On the 30th of May, 1715, he commissioned John Hart, Governor of Maryland, and administered very successfully during his life the affairs of the colony, through the agency of the following successors of Governor Hart: Charles Calvert, from 1720 to 1727; Benedict Leonard Calvert, from 1727 to 1732; Samuel Ogle, in 1732; his lordship in person, from 1732 to 1735; Samuel Ogle, from 1735 to 1742; Thomas Bladen, from 1742 to 1747; and Samuel Ogle, from 1747 to 23d April, 1751. He married, July 20, 1730, Mary, daugh- “Gy 64 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ter of Sir Theodore Jansen, and had three children, viz. . Frederick, his successor; Louisa, who married John Brown- ing, Esq., and died at Horton Lodge, in 1821, aged eighty- eight years; and Jane, who married Robert Eden, the last Proprietary Governor of Maryland, from 1769 to May 24, 1771. His wife lived until 1769. He died April 23, 1751, and was succeeded by his son, Frederick Calvert, the sixth and last Lord Baltimore. ALVERT, Freperick, the sixth and last Lord Zjs Baltimore, was born in 1731. He was the eldest son of Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore. He %» administered the affairs of Maryland through the agency of Samuel Ogle, Governor from April 23, 1751, to 1752, Benjamin Tasker, President, 1752 to 1753, Horatio Sharpe, from 1753 to 1769, and Robert Eden, from 1769 to his death, in July, 1771. He married Lady Diana Egerton, youngest daughter of Scroope, Duke of Bridgewater, who died in 1758, leaving no children. TOD Wa AKER, CHARLES JosEPH, head of the house of SB Baker Brothers & Company, was born in Balti- more, May 28, 1821. His parents were William D. and Jane Baker. His paternal grandfather, the p head of the drygoods importing house of William Baker & Sons, once well known in Baltimore, went to that city to make his own way in the world at the early age of twelve years. He had been left an orphan by the massa- cre of his parents, and all the other members of the family, by the Indians, not far from the present town of Reading, Pa., about the year 1750. The maternal grandfather was Richard Jones, who came to America from Wales, in 1781, leaving his family behind until he should provide a home and send for them to join him. He settled at Fell’s Point, in Baltimore, and commenced business as a manufacturer and dealer in paints and oils. About twelve years after his arrival in this country, he bought and improved the beautiful site to which he gave the name of “ Friends- burg,’ where the subject of this sketch was born, and where his parents resided until their death. Mr. Jones, while yet ayoung man, and before coming to America, be- came a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Society, under the preaching of Mr. John Wesley, its founder, whose per- sonal acquaintance he enjoyed. Mr. Baker received his early education at home, and at the Franklin Academy, in Reisterstown, Baltimore County. Afterwards, he attended St. Mary’s College, in Baltimore, for a short time, and, in 1835, entered the grammar school of Dickinson College, Pennsylvania. In 1837, he was admitted freshman in the college proper, and graduated in 1841, under the Presi- dency of the Rev. J. P. Durbin, D.D, In 1836, while in attendance at the grammar school, he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Carlisle, the seat of the college. After completing his college course, he entered his father’s counting-room, who was then engaged in the manufacture of window-glass, at the foot of Federal Hill, Baltimore. In 1842, he started in business with his bro- ther, H. J. Baker, on their own account, in the paint, oil, and glass trade, in North Liberty Street. Soon after they became proprietors of the Baltimore Window Glass and Bottle and Vial Glass Works, previously carried on by Shaum & Reitz. In 1843, they removed to South Charles Street, and in 1848, purchased the two warehouses, Nos. 32 and 34 South Charles Street, and changed the style of the firm to Baker & Brother. In July, 1850, their warehouses, with seventy-five thousand dollars’ worth of stock, were destroyed by fire. They immediately commenced the work of rebuilding, and, in the course of the next year, the present five-story warehouses on the same site were finished. In the year of the fire, they organized the firm of H. J. Baker & Brother, in New York, for the purpose of conducting the same business there, and for the impor- tation of French glass and chemicals. In 1851, the Bal- timore firm was changed to Baker Brothers & Company, upon the admission of J. Rogers, Jr., as a partner, and so continued until 1865, when Charles J. Baker purchased the entire interest of his partners, and admitted his two sons, William Baker, Jr., and Charles E. Baker, retaining the old style of Baker Brothers & Company. In 1859, Mr. Baker was elected a director in the Franklin Bank, and in 1867 was chosen its President. In 1860, he was elected a director in the Canton Company, and in 1870, was elected President. He is also interested in several enterprises of associated capital and skill. It was through his energetic efforts, as President of the Canton Company, the Union Railroad was constructed. In 1859-60, he took an active part in the Municipal Reform movement of that year. He was elected by a large majority to the second branch of the City Council, on the same ticket with George William Brown for Mayor. Although the youngest mem- ber, Mr. Baker was made President, which position he continued to fill during the memorable days of April, 1861, and the period which followed—acting as Mayor of the city, ex officio, from September, 1861, to January, 1862, while Mayor Brown was a prisoner in Forts Lafayette and Warren. Mr. Baker's interest in religious matters has never abated since, in his college days, he identified himself with the Church. He has been always actively associated with prominent men inthe Methodist Episcopal Church, in the work of church extension in Baltimore. He also took a very lively interest in the cause of missions, especially the German mission, under Dr. Jacoby, in Bremen, Frank- fort, and elsewhere in Germany. In 1860, owing to the dissensions which disturbed the peace of the M. E. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 65 Church in Baltimore, he severed his connection with that body, and assisted in organizing the Chatsworth Indepen- dent Methodist Church, and in building the house of wor- ship for that society, and, in 1867, he aided in building the Bethany Independent Methodist Church at Franklin Square, of which he and his family are members. Energy and probity in business, a high sense of duty in all the re- lations of life, a liberal heart and hand in the support of all undertakings which commend themselves to his sym- pathy and judgment, have made Mr. Baker widely re- spected, trusted, and esteemed, not only in Baltimore, but wherever he is known. In 1842, he married Miss Eliza- beth Bosserman, daughter of Ephraim Bosserman, a mer- chant of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. sya SREWER, JouHN, one of the Puritan settlers of ZA Maryland, was born in the South of Wales, at the =e beginning of the seventeenth century, Early in i life he emigrated to Massachusetts, and in 1645 settled in Virginia, with others who had gone to that province, upon the solicitation of Mr. William Ducand. We learn from the ‘ Historical Notices of St. Anne’s Parish, in Anne Arundel County,” by Rev. Ethan Allen, that the first Puritans appeared in Virginia about 1641; that to prevent their coming, “severe laws’? had been made against them, in 1639, under the administration of Sir William Berkeley. These measures, however, failed to accomplish their object, and some years later over one hundred were found to be in the colony, of which number was John Brewer. The Governor at length putting the laws which had been made into rigid execution, they “at once,” in 1649, in the language of their own historian, “removed themselves, their families, and estates, into the Province of Maryland, being thereunto invited by Captain William Stone, then Governor for Lord Baltimore, with the promise of liberty in religion, and the privileges of English subjects.’ John Brewer was one of that company. They settled in part on the site of the present city of Annapolis, naming the town Providence. Mr. Brewer took up his residence on South River, on a tract of land which was soon called Brewerton, and which he patented ten years after, in 1659; also, in 1664, another property called Larkington. Brewerton is still in the possession of the family. Very near it, in former times, was a place called Londontown. John Brewer was one of the county justices commissioned by Leonard Calvert. He married Sarah, daughter of Henry Ridgely, and at his death, April 5, 1690, left three children, John, Eke, and Joseph. He was one of the few wealthy men of that period who adhered to the law of primogeniture, and left a large landed estate in entail, which finally falling to Joseph Brewer, the fifth in descent, he had the same dissolved only a few years ago. The descendants of John Brewer now number over one thousand ; many of them settled in the West, the larger number in Indiana. The generations in succession were John, son of the emigrant; John, his son, whose daughter, Rachel, became the wife of Charles Wilson Peale, the dis- tinguished painter, and the mother of the late Rembrandt Peale, of Philadelphia, also an eminent artist; William, son of the third John; Joseph, his son, and Nicholas, the father of Judge Brewer. JB ems HonorasteE NIcHoLAs, a distin- SAP; guished lawyer, was the son of Joseph Brewer, 1 and was born in Annapolis, in the year 1770. He married Miss Fanny Davis, by whom he had one son, Nicholas, and one daughter, Mrs. Richard Ridgely. He was a leading equity lawyer of his time, and represented the city of Annapolis in the Legislature for many years. He was several times a member of the Execu- tive Council, an elector, Judge of the Orphans’ Court, and for many years Registrar of the Court of Chancery. ee HoNoRABLE NICHOLAS, Judge of the SA Second Judicial Circuit, was born in Annapo- lis, Maryland, November 23, 1795. After pass- ; ing through the regular course at St. John’s Col- lege, Annapolis, he studied law with Arthur Shoiif, Esq., a distinguished member of the bar, and was ad- mitted to practice as an attorney as soon as he came of age. He was married, in 1827, to Catharine Musser Medairy, a lineal descendant of one John Bauer, “who at the time of the occupation of Alsace by Louis XIV, in 1682, was a large landholder, residing near the city of Strasburg. Shortly after the peace of Ryswick, Bauer, who was a man of violent and uncompromising temper, gave offence to the new régime by his freedom of speech, and rather than make the necessary apologies and submission, and take the oath of fealty to the new monarch, secretly withdrew from the country with his family, and took refuge in the island of Madeira. From this island, about the middle of the eighteenth century, two of his sons came to America, assuming the name of Madeira or Medairy, and took up their abode near York, in Pennsylvania. Jacob Medairy, a grandson of John Bauer, and the father of Mrs. Brewer, settled in Baltimore, Maryland, toward the close of the last century, and she was born in that city in the year 1807. Judge Brewer had ten children, of whom seven are now living (1878). He died October 16, 1864, at Annapo- 66 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. lis, in the sixty-ninth year of his age, after a protracted ill- ness, which he bore with Christian fortitude. An obituary notice appeared in one of the Annapolis journals from the pen of the late Honorable Reverdy Johnson, a classmate in col- lege of Judge Brewer, from which the following extract is taken: “‘As a lawyer, his success, if not rapid, was sure; and when, on the 18th of October, 1837, he accepted the appoint- ment of Associate Judge of the Third Judicial District of Maryland, it was at the cost of relinquishing a large and lu- crative practice. When the judicial system was remodelled in 1851, he was, without opposition, elected sole Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit for the term of ten years, at the expiration of which he was again re-elected, and had served but three years of the new term at the time of his death. At the bar, Judge Brewer was noted for his skill and accuracy as a special pleader, and for the thorough preparation of his cases for trial. It was frequently re- marked by his contemporaries, that during a practice of many years, they had never seen him taken by surprise at the trial table. As an equity pleader, it was conceded by his professional brethern that he had few superiors. As a judge, no man could have possessed more entirely the con- fidence of those who resorted to the courts in which he presided. While no man having the right, felt he had aught to fear from the stern integrity of the man, to evil- doers he was verily a terror. At z2s¢ prius, his rulings were prompt, clear, and positive. But it was in equity that his ability as a judge was most conspicuous, and to the force and authority of his orders and decrees in equity the Maryland Reports bear ample testimony. His usefulness was not, however, limited to his profession, or to the faithful performance of official duties. A friend of agriculture in all its branches, especially as a fruit-grower and horticultu- rist, his influence has been felt far and wide in the portion of the State where he resided. Warm and constant in his attachments, of a kind and considerate disposition, he was at the same time firm and decided in his opinions, and fearless in their expression, and intrepid almost to rashness in the performance of what he considered a duty. This latter characteristic contributed much to keep alive that influence in the community which he so often wielded for its benefit and advantage. There are some still living, in Annapolis, who remember how, when a lad, he was in- fluential in defeating a disgraceful attempt, during the war of 1812, to surrender his native city to a British Admiral. Many will remember how, during the session of the slave- holders’ convention in that city in 1838, he rescued from the hands of an excited populace, one Charles Torrey, charged with being an ‘abolitionist emissary,’ and at great personal risk conducted him to a place of safety ; and again, his spiking the loaded cannon on the occasion of the memorable (to Annapolitans) riot of July 4, 1847. And who of his fellow-citizens can fail to recall with grati- tude his successful efforts at the breaking out of the re- bellion, in counteracting and defeating the attempt of a few deluded notables to re-enact at Annapolis the scenes which Baltimore had witnessed on the rgth of April, 1861, at so great an expense of her fair fame and prosperity. Though entering upon the Christian life in the winter of his days, he was no laggard in the new path. The same earnest en- deavor that had marked every previous step in life was in this pre-eminent, and his latest whisper told of his trust in a crucified Redeemer.” INDSAY, Gerorce W., Judge of the Orphans’ vi, Court, was born, May 10, 1826, in Baltimore, e Maryland. His parents, William and Elizabeth (Griffith) Lindsay, were natives of Fintaugh, Ireland. His father emigrated to America in 1825. Arriving at Baltimore the same year, he entered into the grocery business. He died in 1849, in the fifty-second year of his age. The subject of this sketch attended school from his eighth until his fifteenth year. Having a desire to learn the printing business, he entered into an apprenticeship, in his sixteenth year, with Mr. John Murphy, the well- known publisher of Baltimore, with whom he served for five years. He continued in the business for five years after the expiration of his apprenticeship. In 1857, owing to ill health, he gave up the printing business, and estab- lished a real estate and collection agency. For some time he had many discouragements to contend against, but by industry, energy, and indomitable perseverence, suc- ceeded in building up one of the most successful agencies in the country. The firm of George W. Lindsay & Son has attained wide reputation. Its business extends over the United States and part of Europe. For fifteen years, Judge Lindsay was an active fireman. He has always been deeply interested in the Steam Fire Department of Baltimore. In the year 1871, he was elected Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Baltimore, which position he filled for four years. He was elected for another term in 1875. He has been a Director of the Merchants’ and Traders’ Banking Association of Baltimore, and President of the People’s Mutual Land Company. For thirty years he has been an active member of the Secret Benevolent Associa- tion. In 1848, he became connected with the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows; in 1849, with the Improved Order of Red Men; in 1863, with the Masonic Fraternity ; and in 1869, with the Knights of Pythias. In 1875, he was elected Chief Officer of the Red Men in the United States; and in the Knights of Pythias, he has held the second office in the Supreme Lodge of the World. He has filled other important positions in these various orders, and his name is familiar to the members of these fraterni- ties in all parts of the country where these organizations exist. Judge Lindsay’s parents were members of the Episcopal Church, and he has continued in the same BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 67 faith. ~He was christened in St. Paul’s Church, Baltimore; was a member of its Sunday-school; and was one of its communicants until the erection of Mt. Calvary Church. He finally became a member of Ascension Church, at La- fayette Square, Baltimore; as a vestryman of which he has served for several years. His political views are-Dem- ocratic, and he has always worked for the advancement of that party. On the roth of January, 1847, he married Elizabeth Aull, of Baltimore. He has six children, three sons and three daughters. His unbiassed and equitable decisions, courtesy, generosity, and unflinching advocacy of truth and justice, have given Judge Lindsay a high place in the esteem of the best class of his fellow-citizens, TS. Hon. ALEXANDER BuRTON, Lawyer, we was born in the city of Washington, D. C., ey July 13, 1826. He was the youngest but one in a a family of ten children. His parents were Peter and Frances (Randall) Hagner. He was sent to the best schools in Washington and Georgetown; and in 1843, to Princeton College, from which he graduated in June, 1845. He then read law in Annapolis, Maryland, with his uncle, Hon. Alexander Randall, with whom, in 1854, he entered into partnership. This partnership con- tinued until 1876, when Mr. Randall withdrew, and the firm of Randall & Hagner was continued with the son of his former partner, J. Wirt Randall, asa member. Since his admission to the bar Mr. Hagner has been actively en- gaged in the duties of his profession, in the Court of Ap- peals, Circuit Courts of Anne Arundel, Calvert,and other counties, in the courts of Baltimore city, and before committees of the Legislature. He has been engaged in numerous important cases involving novel and interesting questions, among which were the mandamus cases of Mar- shall against Harwood, respecting the title of the office of State Librarian; of Magruder against Swann, and Gwinn against Groome, involving the question of the right of a State court to issue a mandamus against the Governor; the Adjutant-General’s case of McBlair against Bond; and the injunction cases of Gilbert against Arnold, and Hunt against Townshend, which determined the questions of property in Maryland between the Methodist Episcopal Church South and the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Hagner has been engaged for the defence in the Circuit Court of Anne Arundel County in several conspicuous criminal cases, among which were those against Mrs. Wharton for the poisoning of Gen. Ketchum and Mr. Van Ness. Under the Constitution of Maryland of 1864, he acted as special judge in Prince George’s County, in a large number of cases where the county judge was dis- qualified to act. He was Judge Advocate of the Naval Court of Inquiry, of which Commodore Morris was Presi- dent, called in 1850, to investigate the conduct of Com- mander Hunter in the capture of the Alvarado; and of the Naval General Court-Martial which was in session in San Francisco, from February to June, 1876, for the trial of Pay Inspector Spalding. Mr. Hagner was the attorney of the Farmers’ National Bank of Annapolis, of which he has been a director for several years, In politics, he be- longed to the Whig party, and as such was elected to the Legislature in 1854, and during the session served as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. In 1857, he was an Independent Union Candidate for Con- gress, but was defeated, and in 1874, was again a candidate indorsed by the Republican Convention of the district, with the same result. He served, in 1860, as a Bell and Everett Elector for Maryland. On the 2oth of January, 1879, he was appointed one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, to succeed Judge Olin. He married, in 1854, Louisa, daughter of Randolph Harrison, of Virginia. 1810, His father, Alexander Boyd, was born in t Bangor, Maine, and his mother, whose maiden 1 name was Mary Ann Bowen, was born in Baltimore. Mr. Boyd began life in humble circumstances. In boyhood he cultivated studious habits, and was exceedingly indus- trious. After having served a brief term as an apprentice in the manufacturing of cigars and tobacco, he commenced as master-workman in that vocation, and by industry, in- tegrity, and frugality was enabled to occupy a commanding and lucrative position among those engaged in that branch of industry. In the year 1830 he married Harriet Rust, the second daughter of Samuel and Martha Rust, of Bal- timore. Six children were the fruits of that union. In 1835, he commenced the wholesale tobacco commission business, with Thomas Chappell, under the frm name of Boyd & Chappell, on South Street, Baltimore, the site now occupied by the Safe Deposit Company. In 1837, the firm removed its place of business to Pratt Street, west of Cal- vert, where it did an extensive export trade with St. Thomas, Demerara, Jamaica, and the West India ports gen- erally. His partner, Mr. Chappell, died in the year 1846, and Mr. Boyd continued the business alone. He subse- quently associated with him his half-brother, Mr. B. F. Gees, and in 1857 removed to New York city, where he opened a branch of the Baltimore house, which proved very successful. In order to regain his health, which had been impaired on account of close application to business, he abandoned the branch house in New York in 1862. The Baltimore house, however, continued a successful ca- We OYD, WititiAM A., Merchant and Manufacturer, SA was born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 25, * 68 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. . reer through his son, William A. Boyd, Jr., and B. F. Gees, before referred to, until 1868, when Mr. Gees died. In 1870 Mr. Boyd, Jr., associated with him in business Thomas W. Cromer. Mr. Cromer withdrew from the firm in 1877. During the period embraced in the changes mentioned, Mr. Boyd, Senior, retained an interest in the Baltimore house, and it was only a short time before his death that he disposed of his interest therein to his son William, who still carries on the business at No. 33 South Street, where it has been prosecuted with uninterrupted success for the last quarter of a century. Many interest- ing incidents illustrating the integrity, sagacity, and busi- ness tact of Mr. Boyd are related by those who knew him intimately. Commencing at the foot of the ladder, he early acquired a competency and rose steadily to the pos- session of abundant wealth. His time was not exclusively devoted to his business. He was in every sense a true and public-spirited citizen. He was one of the Board of Man- agers of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts in the early history of that institution. He was a Commissioner of Public Schools from 1850 to 1855. For several years he was a member of the Board of Direc- tors of the Maryland Penitentiary, and also of the Board of Trustees of Baltimore City and County Almshouse. In the discharge of the various duties of these positions he brought to bear the powers of a vigorous mind and a ripened experience. He was a ready, logical debater, and having stored his mind with knowledge from the best authors, was an instructive and interesting social compan- ion. He was ardent and sincere in his friendships, chari- table in the dispensation of ‘his bounties, and prominently active in whatever he conceived to be to the interest of his native city and her institutions. These qualities won for him the esteem and confidence of the community. Among his warm personal friends were citizens of influence and character, whose names, like his, are connected with the growth and progress of Baltimore. In summing up his character, the Hon. Joshua Vansant, who knew him inti- mately for forty-two years, in a letter addressed to his son, since the death of Mr. Boyd, thus speaks of him: “In business pursuits, your father was industrious, methodical, prudent, and stamped all his transactions in such connec- tion with the seal of his integrity. These characteristics constituted the rock or basis on which he reared the struc- ture of his success in life. The prominent features in his character were sterling honesty, inflexible will, a thorough hate of wrong, and contempt for all things ignoble. In calling up the incidents of his long life, there is no act in that connection that can cause his children to blush at the mention of his name. On the contrary, he has left to them, and to the widow of his heart, the heritage of a name to them more valuable than all the treasures the earth holds in her bosom.” He died, September 21, 1875, in the in- spired hope of the Christian faith, in which he lived. & QAEEDDES, James W., was born January Io, 1824, at CG Baltimore, Maryland. Among his paternal ances- a tors have been men both of military and literary Y* distinction; one was a general under the Duke of L Wellington, in the war with Spain; in 1746, one was a major in the army of the Pretender, Prince Charlie. On this account, leaving Scotland, he emigrated to America and settled on the Eastern Shore of Maryland; another was a celebrated writer and a bishop of the Catholic Church in England. His father, James Geddes, a native of Aber- deen, Scotland, induced by love of American institutions and the hope of bettering his fortune, came to Baltimore in 1816, and for atime worked at his trade as a copper- smith. After a few years he set up business, which he carried on successfully until the time of his death, in 1837. His ancestors on his mother’s side, of the historic name of Holmes, came over from England in the Reign of Queen Anne and settled in Virginia. His mother’s father, Samuel Robinson, was an old and honored merchant of Baltimore. He had a store on Calvert Street in 1800. James W. Geddes attended the Baltimore city schools until he was fourteen years of age, when he entered for a few months the drygoods store of his uncle, Samuel Robinson, of Washington, D. C. On his return home he became ap- prentice for six consecutive years to several different parties in the ship plumbing and sheet-metal business. Having worked at his trade as a journeyman for about five years, in 1852 he began the roofing and sheet-iron business on his own account. Like many others, he began without capi- tal. Grappling successfully with this difficulty, he was able after a few years to build up a good business. He was the first to introduce into Baltimore the ornamental galvanized-iron cornice. He has been the originator of several patents, among which is the highly approved gal- vanized-iron ventilating skylight. His factory is at 67 and 69 North Street, and his business, which is now chiefly confined to the roofing and galvanized-iron ornamental work, though not so large as in some years past, he still- carries on successfully. In the past, for a number of years in succession, he employed on an average about forty hands. He has beena member of the Christian Church for about twenty-five years. In 1850, he married Sarah Ann, daughter of John Hulse, of Baltimore, and originally of England. He has six children living, three sons and three daughters. Mr. Geddes is held in high esteem in the community for his persevering industry, integrity, probity, and Christian deportment. cn. N ee ANKS, Danirt Bower, late President of the Union SA Manufacturing Company of Maryland at Ellicott & City, was the son of Andrew and Catharine § (Bower) Banks. His mother was the granddaughter of Sir John Bauer, Burgomaster of Strasburg, Ger- many, who left on the occupation of that city by the French. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 69 He came to this country, and located near Reistertown, Baltimore County, where, in 1774, he patented large tracts of land. Mr. Banks lost his father when quite a child and was obliged to labor when a mere boy for his own support and that of his mother, whom he loved with tenderest de- votion; he had also to obtain his own education in such ways as he could, but in after-life was found well qualified for the positions he was called to occupy; indeed few with everything to faciliate their course in life ever succeed so well, He was pre-emirently a self-made man, and made his own way to fortune and honor, unaided save by the blessing promised to all faithful and earnest endeavors. Even as a boy he was energetic, self-reliant and faithful, but these qualities were enhanced by the modesty, almost diffidence of his disposition, which seemed only the sooner to find him a place in the affections and respect of those who met him. His earlier years were spent in the dry- goods business, in which he was very successful. He re- tired from it in 1846 to take charge of the Union Manu- facturing Company of Maryland, at Ellicott City, succeed- ing Mr. Robert Miller as President. This position he re- signed a year before his death on account of failing health. He married Miss Margaret L., daughter of George White- lock, Esq. of Wilmington, Delaware. She had eight chil- dren, seven daughters and one son, Andrew; she was of Quaker extraction, was born November 2, 1805, and died March 7, 1871. Mr. Banks survived her nearly four years. He died January 28, 1875. He was identified all his life with the interests of Baltimore, and spent his best energies in their promotion. He was for many years a director in the Farmers’ and Merchants’ National Bank of Baltimore, and when he died was the oldest director of that institu- tion. He was one of the original subscribers to the North- ern Central Railroad, and took an active interest and a leading part in many other enterprises for the public welfare. SWaSPANKS, Hon. Anprew, Farmer, Legislator and a Capitalist, the only son of Daniel B. and Mar- . garet S. Banks, was born in Baltimore, January & 14, 1838. He received his education at Baltimore City College, St. Mary’s, Maryland, and Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, and commenced the study of medi- cine, but his health failing, was obliged to abandon the pro- fession of his choice, and hoping to benefit it, he sailed in the latter part of 1856,in the bark Emily, Captain Etch- burg, for South America. Reaching the River La Platte in January, 1857, they encountered a severe storm, the ves- sel was wrecked at midnight off the mouth of the river in a pampero, and Mr. Banks barely escaped with his life. On his return home he commenced farming on the estate patented by his father’s maternal grandfather, Daniel Bower, near Reistertown, in Baltimore County, where he 10 has since resided. In these lands, which he has brought to a high state of cultivation, he takes great pride and delight. He married, November 21, 1860, Miss Rebecca E. Godwin, by whom he has six children, four boys and two girls. He finds in the principles of the Democratic party an expression of his political faith, and for several years has taken an active interest in public affairs. In 1872 he was first elected to the General Assembly of Maryland from Baltimore County. Hon. A. P. Gorman was then Speaker of the House. Mr. Banks was placed on several important committees, and took a prominent part in the deliberations of that body. He was re-elected in 1874, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Robert Fowler, over Francis S. Corkran, by a majority of 890 votes. In 1876 he was not a candidate for re-election, his time being occupied in the settlement of his father’s estate. That year the county went Republican. Inthe fall of 1877 he was again selected as one of the standard-bearers of his party on the legislative ticket, which achieved an easy victory, and he was thus for a third time honored as the chosen representative of his County in the Legislature, than which no higher testimonial could be given of his ability and fidelity in office, and of the esteem and high regard of his fellow-citizens. His present term will expire on Jan- uary 1, 1880. Besides the management of his estate and the careful performance of his political duties, Mr. Banks finds time to engage in business enterprises, in all of which his marked financial ability have made him conspicuous. On the retirement of his father from the Presidency of the Union Manufacturing Company, he was elected to a seat in the Board of Directors, which position he still retains. He is a Director in the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, also a Director of the Baltimore and Reister- town Turnpike Company, and on the organization of the Maryland Tubing Transportation Company, an enterprise for bringing the crude petroleum in pipes, direct from the oil regions to tide-water, he was made its president. He has also been identified with, and held prominent positions in, the Masonic, Odd Fellows, and other benevolent asso- ciations. He was educated in the Episcopal Church, but is by no means sectarian, contributing liberally to all de- nominations of whatever name or creed, PENCER, Rev. Isaac Jesse, Pastor of Paca Street Ss Christian Church, Baltimore, was born in Belmont ax County, Ohio, Noyember 10, 1851. His parents ; were George and Elizabeth Spencer. His father { was a prosperous farmer, a member of the Society of Friends, and distinguished for his many excellencies of character. To the gentle influence of the pious example and teaching of his mother, a devoted Christian, Mr. Spencer attributes his strong religioys bias from early 7° BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. childhood, and, in a large measure, the success which has attended his clerical career. During his boyhood it was Mr. Spencer’s intention to devote his life to farming and to labor for the more general intellectual culture of farm- ers. When twelve years of age, however, his religious convictions were deepened in consequence of the death of his father and the death of two of his brothers, which occurred within a few consecutive weeks, from disease contracted while in the Union service during the late war; and being impressed with the beauty of a life consecrated to the service of Christ, he decided, in obedience to his convictions of duty, to enter the ministry. Although having become a member of the Methodist Church, he stumbled at the exaggerations of religious experiences pro- fessed by many, and threw himself unreservedly upon the word of God, believing that in it alone he could find all necessary revelation of God and duty. This led him finally to embrace the teachings of the Disciples, and to enter at once upon his studies for the ministry. Owing to the death of his father and the absence from home of his only surviving brother, who was then in college, the burden and care of the farm devolved upon Mr. Spencer. Although the responsibility was lightened by his mother’s manage- ment, he, nevertheless, passed through a rugged experi- ence for one of his delicate health. In order to carry out his settled purpose to devote his life to the ministry, he became a close student and improved every opportunity to thoroughly qualify himself for the duties awaiting him. His brother being ten years his senior and of scholarly tastes and habits, stimulated his desire for a thorough edu- cation, and exerted a great influence over him in the choice of his calling. He attended Hillsdale College, in Michi- gan, in the year 1869, and the President of that institution was so favorably impressed with his pupil, and so well as- sured of his future success, that he offered to defray all the expenses of his education provided he would remain at that college. This kind offer Mr. Spencer declined, however, and, in compliance with the request of his mother, returned to the farm, where he remained until the spring of 1872, when, having reviewed his former studies, he went to Bethany College, Virginia, and continued in that institution without interruption until his graduation in 1875. His expenses in college were paid from the salary he received for preaching during his stay at Bethany. The estimation in which he was held during his college career found expression in his being chosen to fill many promi- nent positions and to deliver the valedictory address of his class. Immediately after his graduation he was called to the pastorate of the Christian Church in Bellaire, Ohio, where he remained two years. During his labors there, the church was greatly strengthened and fully 125 new members were added. On the 15th of October, 1877, he received a unanimous call to Paca Street Christian Church, Baltimore, the most prosperous church of the Disciples in the State of Maryland, the membership numbering over six hundred. In his new field of labor he displayed in- creased earnestness and zeal, and his ministration has therefore been eminently successful. The church and Sunday-school under his direction are in a most prosperous condition, and steadily increasing in numbers and influ- ence. Mr. Spencer possesses rare executive force, always subjecting his work to careful system, and then pushing it in every department to successful issue. He has attained reputation in his denomination as a practical and profound Sunday-school advocate. He has appeared frequently on the platform as a popular lecturer, and his efforts have been remarkably successful. His sermons have the merit of earnestness and originality, and abound with apt illus- trations and forcible Scriptural quotations. He always speaks extemporaneously, without any attempt at rhetorical display, but with a vigor and unction that carry conviction to the heart. Mr. Spencer was married, September 109, 1878, to Miss Sallie Louise, daughter of Dr. Philip B. and Jane K. Pendleton, of Louisa County, Virginia. She is a niece of President Pendleton, of Bethany College, Vir- ginia, and a cousin of the Hon. George H. Pendleton, of Ohio. Her great-grandfather was a Colonel in the Revo- lutionary army. APH T_ a N ULLMAN, Rev. Roya Henry, A.M., one of SESS the most prominent ministers of the Universalist it Church, in Maryland, was born in Auburn, Cayuga ® County, New York, June 30, 1826. His parents 4 were J. Lewis and Emily C. Pullman, both of whom were members of the Universalist Church. Mr. Pullman is the eldest of a family of ten children, one of whom is the inventor of the Pullman Palace Sleeping Car, and founder and President of the company known by this title. He was educated at the Portland Academy, New York, and subse- quently had the honorary degree of Magister in Artibus conferred upon him by the Lombard University of Illinois. He was ordained a clergyman in Olcott, Niagara County, New York, where he entered upon his ministry and re- mained seven years. His call to the ministry was based upon deep religious convictions, and an earnest desire for the work caused him to put aside all worldly considerations calculated to withdraw him from his chosen calling. His strong religious feeling seems to have been inherited from his father, the distinguishing trait of whose character was devoutness. During his ministry at Olcott, New York, he erected a house of worship, which was dedicated in 1857, and by his labors contributed greatly to the numerical strength of the church. In 1859, he accepted pastoral charge of the Universalist Church at Fulton, New York, and during a very successful ministry of eight years, was instrumental in securing the erection of an elegant church edifice there, which was dedicated in 1866. He accepted a call from the Universalist Church of Peoria, Illinois, in BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 71 1867, and remained there until 1872, during which time the finest house of worship in that city was erected by this church and dedicated in 1868. In 1872, he was elected General Secretary of the Universalist General Convention, New York city being headquarters. This is the most im- portant office in that denomination, the incumbent being intrusted with a general oversight of the spiritual and finan- cial interests of the church. In this position Mr. Pullman exhibited great activity and efficiency, and the term of his office exceeded that of his predecessors. He officially vis- ited twenty-two different States, travelling almost constantly for four years, except a brief respite during a visit to Europe in the summer of 1875. He instituted popular religious conventions in various parts of the country for the purpose of deepening the religious convictions of the people as the only sure foundation of all true and worthy Christian en- terprises, and was eminently successful in the work, espe- cially in the great States of the North. On his retirement from the office of General Secretary with a view to re- entering the pastoral work, the Board of Trustees of the General Convention gave expression to its high apprecia- tion of Mr. Pullman’s services by a series of complimentary resolutions, and the secular as well as the religious press, of his own denomination, united in expressing the general regret at his retirement from a field of usefulness in which he had proved himself as possessing qualifications essential to success, and equal to the responsibilities of his high office. He accepted pastoral charge of the Second Universalist Society of Baltimore, in June 1877, where he is at present (1878), laboring successfully. In addition to his ministe- rial labors, he has rendered efficient aid in promoting vari- ous reformatory movements and benevolent enterprises. He always preaches extemporaneously, with an earnest, impressive delivery, and his sermons are characterized by their cléarness, force of diction, and logical arrangement. Mr. Pullman is an active member of the Masonic Lodge, Royal Arch Chapter, and for many years was Sir Knight and Prelate of Peoria Commandery.. He is also a member of the order of Odd Fellows. 1845, to Miss Harriet J. Barmore, daughter of John and Hannah Barmore, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and has two chil- dren, Francis C. and George H., both of whom are living. His daughter married Mr. C. S. Smith, of Peoria, Illinois, and his son, having graduated at Harvard College and studied law, was admitted to the New York Bar in 1876, He subsequently became a member of the Baltimore Bar, and is now engaged in successful practice in that city. 09 JAMS, WiLiiam HeEnry, Treasurer of the Baltimore 5 8 and Ohio Railroad Company, was born in Baltimore, ’" October 6, 1822, being the second son of John and {cua (Barnes) Ijams. His father was born in Anne Arundel County, and lost his mother when he was only three weeks old. He came to Baltimore in 1806, He was married, April, when he was seventeen years of age, and, in 1814, partici- pated in the defence of that city against the British invad- ers. He followed the business of house-building through a long and active life, and now (1879), in his eighty-ninth year, hale and hearty, bright and intelligent, still reverts with pride to the fact of his having been one of the ‘“ Old Defenders”? of Baltimore. The family is of Welsh origin, and the first of the name came to America among the earli- est settlers of the State. devoted themselves mainly to agricultural pursuits. They were people of wealth, and In the war of the Revolution they bore an honorable and active part. Mr. William Henry Ijams is descended-in the fifth or sixth generation from the first of his name in the State of Maryland. His mother was from the Eastern Shore of Maryland, where her family have lived for generations. She died when he was only five years of age. He was edu- cated and has always resided in the city of Baltimore. In August, 1837, before he was quite fifteen years of age, he left school and entered upon the active duties of life as clerk in the office of Mr. John Gill, a Notary Public. He remained with Mr. Gill for twelve years, when the office was discontinued, Mr. Gill having reached the age of eighty-five years. He then became a clerk for Aaron R. Levering, agent for the Nashville Insurance Company, and . remained with him for four years, at which time the death of Mr. Levering occurred, and the Baltimore office of the company was discontinued. On the Ist of May, 1853, he became a clerk in the office of the Treasurer of the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad Company, and for thirteen years faithfully discharged the responsible duties of that position. In 1866, he was promoted to the office of Auditor, which position he filled for three years. On the Ist of May, 1869, Mr. Joshua J. Atkinson, who had been the Treasurer of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company for over thirty years, a man of strict integrity and great faithfulness to his trust, was seized in his office, in the morning, witha conges- tive chill. Medical aid was summoned, but his case was pronounced hopeless, and he died at five in the afternoon. Mr. Ijams was appointed to take the place of Mr. Atkin- son, ad interim. One week from that time the company met and formally installed him as Treasurer, an office which he still holds. In the nine years since he entered upon its duties he has lost but one day, which he took to visit the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. Mr. Ijams was married, in October, 1853, to Isabella, daughter of John King, of Baltimore. They have four children, William Henry, the eldest, is in the grocery business in Baltimore, in partnership with E. T. Drury, who married Mr. Ijams’s only daughter, Laura Adell. His second son is George Edgar, who is a student of medicine in the University of Maryland, and the third is Albert Barnes, a child of eight years. In his busy life Mr. Ijams has found little time for politics, and has never aspired to public office. Before the year 1850, he became a mémber of the society of Odd Fellows, but never would consent to hold an office, either 72 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in the Lodge or Encampment, though he has always re- mained firm in his attachment to the order. The families of both his father and mother were Methodists, and had been for generations. Mrs. Ijams is a member of that church, and Mr. Ijams attends it, but is not a member. In the forty-one years in which he has been in active life, he has been engaged in only three offices, and has served the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company for twenty-five years. War OYCE, JAMeEs, an extensive individual coal miner SB} and shipper, was born in the town of Chester, Or- € i” ange County, New York, January 8, 1823. His ap parents were natives of Dublin, Ireland, and on em- igrating to this country, settled in the State of New York, where all their children were born. Two brothers and a sister of Mr. Boyce are still living there. Mr. Boyce received a common school education in his native town, and removed with his parents to New York city, at an early age. He entered into the employ of a retail grocer, and afterward served as clerk in the wholesale trade, in which employment he continued until the year 1839, being then in his sixteenth year. He was subsequently employed by a retail coal dealer in New York city, with whom he continued as clerk until 1842, when he commenced the Soon afterward, he also engaged in the wholesale trade. In 1847, he became interested in the Cumberland coal fields, and afterward in- vested largely in bituminous coal lands in Maryland and Virginia, which he operated in his own name, and took an active interest, as a stockholder and general agent, in one same business on his own account. of the largest coal companies in the Maryland region, from which he realized large profits. He was subsequently elected President of the Franklin Coal Company of Mary- land, of which he became sole owner in 1865. During the civil war he made heavy contracts in the Pennsylvania region for anthracite coal and shipped immense quantities therefrom to the United States Government, which also yielded him large profits. He afterward purchased a tract of anthracite coal lands in Pennsylvania, which remain un- worked, as he is engaged in working another colliery on royalty in the same region. He became the sole owner of that valuable coal property operated in the name of the George’s Creek Mining Company, Maryland, which he con- tinues to work in connection with the coal lands adjoining the Franklin mines. He also became half owner of the Gaston Gas and Coal Mine, and the largest owner in another extensive gas coal mining company of West Vir- ginia. His principal place of business is in Baltimore, and his interests centre largely in Cumberland or George’s Creek coal region of Maryland. For many years his min- ing and shipping operations have been very heavy, and latterly his business has assumed such proportions that he is now regarded as one of the most extensive individual bituminous coal miners and shippers in Maryland and Vir- ginia. Commencing life with very limited advantages, his business career has been remarkably successful. His success has been attained solely through his own exertions, and the exercise of rare prudence, sagacity and judgment. He stands in the front rank of the business men of Baltimore, and is a public-spirited citizen, who enjoys the esteem and confidence of the community. He has been married twice; first, in 1844, and second, in 1850, both ladies being resi- dents of New York city. His first wife died in 1845, leav- ing one child, a daughter, who is still living. “The fruits of his second marriage are six children, four sons and two daughters. The youngest son died in 1871. The other children are living. Mr. Boyce’s eldest son, James, is now largely engaged in the wholesale coal business in the city of New York, and ‘is a member of the firm of Cox & Boyce, Trinity Building, New York. Wa ARROLL, BENJAMIN CROCKETT, was born in JAB 1819, in the city of Baltimore. His father was James Barroll, a merchant, who died January, Rs. 1845. When fifteen years of age, the subject of this p sketch was placed as a clerk in his father’s counting- room, where he remained until the age of twenty. He then studied law for two years with Hugh Davey Evans, an em- inent member of the bar. After being at the bar a few months, he went as assistant into the office of the Hon. David Stewart, where he remained four years. In 1844, My. Barroll married Sarah, daughter of General Randall S. Street, of Poughkeepsie, New York, and confined him- self exclusively to the practice of his profession. When Judge John H. Price was elected Judge of the Circuit Court of Baltimore County, he appointed Mr. Barroll auditor of his court, which place he continued to fill during his ten years’ term of office. Judge D.C. H. Emory, his successor, retained him in the position until his removal under the new Constitution of 1867. In 1869 Mr. Barroll published a work on Maryland Chancery Practice, which has been adopted throughout the State, and in 1878, a work on Mary- land Equity. The father of Mr. Barroll was the son of Rev. William Barroll, a clergyman of the English Church in Cecil County, Maryland, at the time of the Revolution of 1776, and died there shortly after. Mr. Barroll has never mingled in politics, nor held any political office. He has seven children living. His second son, Benjamin C. Bar- roll, Jr., married Miss Emma Lee, daughter of Washing- ton Lee, of Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, September, 1874. ~ ' BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 73 Buea Epwarp, Manufacturer of Building > Material, Washington, was born in Warrenton, Cee Virginia, September 30, 1830. His parents, Al- i mond and Matilda (Seabury) Baldwin, were natives , Lord Baltimore. He was Keeper of the Rolls at Connaught, from 1621 to 1626. In 1629, under a letter of marque, he sailed in the ship St. Claude to New- foundland for the protection of that colony from the French. On October 29, 1633, bearing a commission as Governor of Maryland, from his brother, Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, he sailed with the Ark and . Dove for America, having on board one hundred and twenty-eight passengers, all of whom took the oath of al- legiance prescribed by law, which contained the follow- ing: ‘And I do further swear, that I do, from my heart, ‘ abhor, detest, and abjure, as impious and heretical, this damnable doctrine and position: that princes, which be excommunicated or deprived by the Pope, may be deposed or murthered by their subjects, or any other whatsoever ?”’ The ships then proceeded to the Isle of Wight, where the Jesuits, Father White and other Roman Catholics, who had avoided taking the oath, came aboard. On November 22, 1633, the ships, “with a gentle east wind blowing,” set sail from Cowes. Nothing of import- ance transpired during the voyage except that at Christ- mas, “in order that that day might be better kept, wine was given out; and those who drank of it too freely, were seized the next day with a fever; and of these, not long afterwards, about twelve died, among whom were two Catholics.” These figures, recorded by Father White, ap- proximate to the comparative number of the Protestants and Roman Catholics who formed the first colony sent out to settle Maryland, by Lord Baltimore. The colonists ar- rived at Point Comfort, in Virginia, February 24, 1634, and on March 25, following, landed in Maryland, on Blackiston’s Island. A settlement was made, March 27, 1634, at St. Mary’s. The Governor followed the humane example of William Claiborne, and purchased the site of the town from the “ kings of that country,” and sedulously cultivated amicable relations with the natives. His admin- istration of public affairs was very acceptable to the colo- nists, and would have been without a disturbing element, if he had not been compelled, by the instructions of Lord Baltimore, to seek occasion to seize and detain William Claiborne close prisoner at St. Mary’s, if Claiborne would not acknowledge Baltimore’s patent, and, if possible, “take possession of his plantation on the Isle of Kent.” Governor Calvert faithfully endeavored to obey the com- mands of his brother, and in the conflict, which unavoid- ably ensued with Claiborne for supremacy, blood was un- justifiably shed, to the sore displeasure of the King of England. Finally, through an intrigue with George Eve- lyn, a relative, he obtained possession of the coveted island; and, on December 30, 1637, he appointed Eve- lyn the first “Commander of the Isle of Kent.’ This George Evelyn, before he received his price, had been ac- customed to speak in the most disparaging terms of Gov- ernor Calvert, and sneeringly said, «« Who was his grand- father, but a grazier? what was his father? what was Leonard Calvert himself, at school, but a dunce and a blockhead ?”” The complaisant General Assembly of Maryland, of 1637, passed an act, chapter 30, entitled “ A Bill of Attainder of William Cleyborne,” and, though it never became a law, the zealous Governor proceeded to seize and confiscate the property of Claiborne and of his faithful settlers, and to break up the Protestant settlement on Kent Island. The inhabitants did not willingly sub- mit to the Proprietary, and in 1638, the Governor pro- ceeded to reduce them to obedience by martial law and by “death (if need be), correct mutinous and seditious (<= C2 4 ( /) 0 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 79 offenders.” Again, in 1644, to the great joy of its people, Claiborne took forcible possession of the island; and, with the assistance of Captain Richard Ingle, he drove Governor Calvert out of the Province of Maryland. In 1646, being supported and reinforced by the authorities of Virginia, Governor Calvert returned and resumed the func- tions of his office. He died, se pro/e, June 9, 1646. His commission as Governor, dated September 18, 1644, de- scribed him as possessing “ such wisdom, fidelity, industry, and other virtues, as render him capable and worthy of the trust hereby by us intended to be reposed.’? About six hours before he expired, while lying upon his death- bed, “in perfect memory,’ he appointed, by word of mouth, Thomas Greene, Esq., one of the council, to be his successor as Governor, and constituted an unmarried woman, Mistress Margaret Brent, his sole executrix. in Baltimore County, Maryland, April 16, 1826. His ancestors emigrated from Wales, in the early i, history of the country, long anterior to the Revo- or lutionary War, and settled at West River, Mary- land. There is a family tradition that three brothers came over together, one settling in New York, one in Pennsyl- vania, and the other at West River. Mordecai Price, a descendant of the last named, and the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, took up his residence in Bal- timore County, about seventeen miles north of Baltimore, while that country was still a wilderness, his nearest neigh- bor being seven miles distant. Dr. Price received his edu- cation at the common schools. He commenced reading medicine with his second cousin, Dr. Mahlon C. Price, in the autumn of 1844, teaching school during the year 1845. He graduated from the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Maryland, in 1848, and entered into partnership with his cousin and preceptor. This partnership con- tinued for five years and six months. After practicing al- lopathy for three years, his attention was incidentally directed to homceopathy, the principles of which he at once determined to investigate. Surprised at the results, he still carefully studied and experimented for several months, till he was thoroughly convinced that the true principle of medicine was in the new practice. On com- ing to this conclusion, he severed his connection with his partner, and announced himself as a homceopathic physi- cian, being the only one in the county. It was a pleasant circumstance, but one that he considered somewhat re- markable, that he still enjoyed the respect and confidence of his allopathic brethren. One only exhibited a bitter spirit toward him. Not long after, this one was on his dying bed with typhoid fever, and Dr. Price was called in consultation with the allopathic physicians attending him. He continued to practice in Baltimore County until 1865, when he removed to the city of Baltimore, where he has steadily grown in favor, and secured a large and lucrative practice. Among his medical brethren in the city, he was soon recognized as a safe and competent adviser; his judg- ment was appealed to, and his counsel and assistance sought, both in obstetrics and the general practice of medi- cine. On the organization of the Baltimore Homeeopathic Medical Society, September 2, 1874, Dr. Price was elected its first President; and also of the State Homceopathic Medical Society, which was organized December 16, 1875. Of the former society, he was again elected Presi- dent in October, 1877, having declined the honor two years previously, on the expiration of his first term of office. He worked hard for the success of the “ Homceo- pathic Free Dispensary of Baltimore City,’’ and is one of the incorporators. For over two years he has been the obstetrical editor of the American Observer, a homceo- pathic medical journal, published at Detroit, by Dr. E. A. Lodge, general editor and proprietor. Dr. Price is a man of fine presence and pleasing manners; he is a close and persistent student, and holds a deservedly high rank in his profession, both for his scholarly attainments, and eminent success as a practitioner. He married, November 18, 1852, Martha A., daughter of the late John P. Cowman, of Alexandria, Virginia. Their only child, Eldridge C. Price, M.D., is engaged in the medical practice in partner- ship with his father. Dr. Price is a member of the Society of Friends, to which his family and his wife’s family have belonged as far back as they can be traced by record or tradition. KRICE, ELDRIDGE CowMAN, Physician and Sur- s eqs geon, was born in Baltimore County, February 21, 1854, in the old ancestral mansion, where his i, father was born twenty-eight years before. It is ae, situated near the York Road, eighteen miles from Baltimore city. He was the only child of Dr. Elias C. Price, a sketch of whose life will be found above with the family history, from an early date. He received his early education at the public schools of his native county, and also at the public schools of Baltimore, after the removal of the family to that city, in 1865. At the Elementary and High School of Eli M. Lamb, of the Friends’ Society, he took a full course, and studied for his profession in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland, from which he graduated M.D., in 1874. This being an allopathic institution, his father carefully in- structed him at the same time, and the following winter he attended a full course of lectures at the Homceopathic Medical College, in Philadelphia. In the spring of 1875, he received a diploma from that institution also. He soon 80 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. after entered into partnership with his father, with whom he has since continued to practice. From his boyhood, the profession of medicine alone had attracted him, and receiving from his father every encouragement and oppor- tunity to indulge the natural tendency of his mind, he started in life with a superior advantage over most young physicians. He has given special attention to diseases of the throat and lungs, in which department he has thor- oughly prepared himself, and already achieved some re- markable success. For fourteen months after his return from Philadelphia, he was one of the attending physicians at the Baltimore Homceopathic Free Dispensary. He is the Secretary and a member of the Baltimore Homeo- pathic Medical Society. In 1877, he was appointed Censor of the State Homceopathic Medical Society, and was reappointed in 1878. He was also elected Secretary of that society at its last meeting. He is a member of the Rossini Musical Association of Baltimore. Dr. Price was married, October 10, 1877, to Mary H., daughter of Wil- liam Ferris, of the firm of Ferris & Garrett, Wilmington, Delaware. Mrs. Price and her family are also members of the Society of Friends. RNOLD, ApraAHaM B., Physician, President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and Professor of Clinical Medicine and the Dis- eases of the Nervous System, in the University of Maryland, was born in Jebenhausen, in the King- dom of Wurtemburg, Germany, February 4, 1820, of Jewish parentage. When fourteen years of age, in com- pany with an uncle, he visited the United States, where they remained, and five years later were joined by his par- ents, all having concluded to make this country their per- manent home. Dr. Arnold entered college at Mercers- burg, Pennsylvania, where he graduated with honor four years later, and began the study of medicine under Dr. R. Lehwess, of New York. After having attended courses of lectures in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and of the Washington University of Balti- more, he received from the last-named institution his de- gree of Doctor of Medicine in 1848. He married, in 1847, Ellen, daughter of Adam Dennis, Esq., of Easton, Penn- sylvania, and after receiving his degree settled in the city of Baltimore, where he soon secured a very extensive practice. In 1872 he was elected to the chair of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Medical Department of the Washington University of Baltimore; and when this school was consolidated with the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the same city, he occupied the chair of Clini- cal Medicine and of the Diseases of the Nervous System. In 1877 he was elected President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and was one of the dele- gates chosen to represent this State at the Medical Congress held in Philadelphia during the Centennial Exhibition, in that city. He is a consulting physician at the “ Jewish Hospital,” and at “ The Home,” both of which are among the eleemosynary institutions of Baltimore. He is a mem- ber of the American Medical Association, and an active member of the local medical societies of Baltimore, in which he takes great interest. Asa clinical lecturer in the medical school to which he is attached, he enjoys much popularity, and is favorably known for his keen diagnostic acumen, which secures him a large consultation practice. Of late he has paid particular attention to the diseases of the nervous system; and his papers published in the Zrans- actions of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Mary- Zand, on psychological questions, and on various forms of mental diseases, have attracted much attention, and have been favorably noticed by the medical press. He is a writer of much force and ability; among his professional publications may be mentioned “ Scleroderma,” “ Poison- ing by Cyanide of Potassium,” in the American Fournal of the Medical Sciences ; “ Cholera Infantum,” “The Cir- cumcision among the Jews,” in the Mew York Medical Fournal, and “ Vaccination,” in the Baltimore Medical Fournal. PRRNDRE, JaMEs Ripcway, M.D., the subject of this sketch, was born near the town of Seaford, oe" Sussex County, Delaware. His father, Edward Andre, and his grandfather were extensive farmers of that county. The Andres are of French descent, and were among the earliest settlers of that nationality, in the lower part of Delaware. Dr. Andre’s mother was Miss Sarah Watkins, daughter of Thomas Watkins, who emi- grated from Wales, and settled in Maryland. Young Andre received his early schooling in his native county of Sussex, and at the age of ten years, removed with his parents to Dorchester County, Maryland, where he was placed at an academy, then standing in high repute, known as the Federalsburgh Academy. Here he diligently con- tinued his studies until he attained the age of seventeen years. The death of his mother occurring at this period, he went to Philadelphia, where, for about two years, he was engaged in a clerical capacity, still, however, pursuing his literary studies, for which, from his earliest youth, he had always displayed an unwonted fondness, directing his mind particularly to the classics. After leaving Philadelphia, he entered the office of Dr. John R. Sudler, a prominent and highly respectable physician of Bridgeville, Delaware, where he commenced the study of medicine, continuing therein until 1848, when he removed to Baltimore, and be- came a private student of the late Professor Samuel C. Chew, father of the present Professor Samuel C. Chew. He BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 81 matriculated at the Maryland University in the fall of the above year, and graduated therefrom with honor in the spring of 1850. The graduating class of that year was one of the most distinguished that ever went forth from that time-honored institution, many of its alumni, who then obtained their diplomas, having attained great distinction in the paths of medical science or literature. After grad- uating, the doctor established himself in the practice of his profession, near Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, in which he was eminently successful. In October, 1858, he returned to Baltimore, and located in the eastern section of that city, where, through his acknowledged professional at- tainments and the conscientious discharge of his duties as a physician, he has built up a very extensive and lucrative practice, especially in the treatment of the diseases of women and children; to which he particularly devotes his attention. Though repeatedly tendered public offices, Dr. Andre has invariably eschewed them, preferring to attend exclusively to his profession. He married, December 29, 1857, Miss Maggie McCrone, daughter of John McCrone, an extensive farmer, near Wilmington, Delaware, by whom he has had five children; two of these only are living, a daughter, Lolo Matrona, and a son, Delaware Clayton Andre. Dr, Andre is a prominent member of all the medi- cal societies of Baltimore, and has been a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, from 1852 to the present time. He is also a member of the Delaware State Medical Faculty, and is Physician to the Ancient Order of Foresters, as, also, to the Knights of Honor. Quiet and unostentatious, yet skilful and accomplished, he enjoys the esteem of his professional brethren, the confi- dence and regard of his patients and the public generally. Bs: B. Bernarp, M.D., was born June 16, Alp 1842, at Wheatlands (the old family residence), in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. His par- t ents were Charles C. Browne and Mary E., daugh- ter of Doctor Thomas Willson, of Kent County, Maryland. While he was quite young his parents removed ‘ to Howard County, which continued to be his residence until 1861. He received his collegiate education at Loyola College, Baltimore. After leaving college, he entered the Confederate service with a company of cavalry organized in Howard County, Maryland, under Captain George R. Gaither, and was attached to General Turner Ashby’s command at Winchester, Virginia. Upon the reorganiza- tion of the cavalry service, he was attached to the Seventh Virginia Cavalry, successively commanded by Generals Ashby, Jones, and Rosser, doing service principally in the valley of Virginia under “Stonewall” Jackson. During the battles of Gettysburg and the Wilderness, he was at- tached to General J. E. B. Stewart’s Cavalry. On May 15, 1864, in a cavalry charge at the battle of the Wilder- ness, he was wounded in the arm, while his brother, Robert, who was riding beside him, and who was always considered one of the bravest and most fearless young men in the regiment, was shot through the heart, and fell dead from his horse. Dr. Browne was taken prisoner in the latter part of May, 1864, and confined in the old Capitol Prison, at Washington, until February, 1865, when he was sent to Richmond for exchange. Returning to Baltimore, after the close of the war, he commenced the study of medicine and surgery, in August, 1865, under the instruc- tion of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith, M.D., LL.D., and took his degree as Doctor of Medicine from the Uni- versity of Maryland, in 1867. He then spent some time at Bayview Asylum and turned his attention chiefly to the study of surgical diseases of women and obstetrics. He is a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Mary- land and the Clinical Society of Baltimore City. Of his contributions to medical literature the following have been published: a paper on “ Fibroid Tumors of the Uterus,” in the American Fournal of Obstetrics, New York, January, 1877; a paper on “ Subinvolution of the Uterus,” in the Richmond and Louisville Medical Yournal, June, 1877; a paper on “The Viburnum Prunifolium as a Uterine Sedative,” in the Maryland Aedical Yournal, February, 1878; a paper on “ Diseases of the Bladder and Rectum caused by Displacement of the Uterus,” in Zransactions of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, April, 1877. In this paper the attention of the profession was called to the beneficial action of the water of the spring in Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, known as Crise’s Spring, in certain affections of the kidneys and bladder. He was married, October 15, 1872, to Miss Jennie Nicholson, daughter of J. J. Nicholson, banker. 9 ) URREY, James Hamitton, M.D., was born in Uniontown, Frederick County, Maryland, Decem- a ber 7, 1832. His parents were Jeremiah and ? Sarah Simpson (Williams) Currey. The subject of $ this sketch was the youngest of five children. His mother, being left a widow with all these children to pro- vide for, found it necessary to obtain homes for them as rapidly as possible. Accordingly, at the age of nine years, James was placed on a farm, with the agreement that he should have such educational facilities as the com- mon country school afforded. In his sixteenth year he was converted and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has since been a member. By home study and economy in living, he was enabled to spend eighteen months at Calvert College, New Windsor, Mary- land. After leaving college he spent about six years in a drug store in Baltimore city, first as an apprentice, and ny 82 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. then as a clerk. He then entered upon the study of med- icine, and in the spring of 1859 graduated at the Medical School of the University of Maryland. In May of that year, he commenced the practice of his profession in Bal- timore. The civil war commencing in 1861, he entered the service of the Government as assistant surgeon of the Third Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry, and con- tinued in that position until the summer of 1862, when he resigned his commission. He then served for several months in the United States Army hospitals, as assistant surgeon, after which, March, 27, 1863, he entered the United States Volunteer Corps of Surgeons as an assistant. He was promoted to the position of surgeon, with the rank of Major, September 2, 1863, and, October 6, 1865, was breveted Lieutenant Colonel “ for faithful and meritorious services.” The war having closed, he was honorably dis- charged from the service, when he returned to Baltimore, and resumed the practice of medicine, in which he has since been successfully engaged. Active in the organiza- tion of the Baltimore Medical Association, he has been honored with almost every office in its gift, from commit- tee-man to the presidency; and has been several times elected delegate to the American Medical Association. Dr. Currey is also an active member of the State Medical So- ciety, and the Baltimore Academy of Medicine. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, which he joined in the fall of 1863. In 1853, Dr. Currey married Louisa, daughter of Thomas Disney, Esq., of ‘Anne Arundel County. She died in 1857. In 1861, he married Martha, daughter of Thomas Warfield, a merchant of Baltimore. He has three children living. ADDEN, CuarLEs WILLIAM, Physician and Sur- Ajs geon, was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, March 5s"? 11, 1830, His parents were Rev. R. and Mar- 2 garet (McCord) Cadden, both of Scotch Irish de- 38 scent. His father, when quite a youth, emigrated to this country, accompanied by his widowed mother and two sisters. He became an esteemed minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Baltimore Conference. In 1850, at the age of twenty years, Charles William Cad- den graduated in medicine from the old Washington Uni- versity in Baltimore, and commenced practice in Harford and Baltimore counties. Here he was constantly engaged until the beginning of the war, when impelled by a sense of duty he left a good practice, entered the United States service as an Assistant Surgeon of the Maryland Volun- teers, early in the summer of 1861, and was attached to Purnell’s Legion. In September of the same year he was sent to Eastville, Northampton County, Virginia, where he had charge of the sick and wounded onthe Peninsula. In the spring of 1862 he was ordered to Baltimore, and placed on duty-at the Patterson Park Hospital, with Doctors Péase of Syracuse, New York, and James H. Currey, of Baltimore. In the summer of that year he was again sent to the front, and was on duty with Siegel’s corps at Boli- var Heights, and in the valley of Virginia, in regaining the ground lost by Banks. About this time the Maryland troops were sent with General Pope, and Dr. Cadden was detached to assist in caring for the wounded at Culpepper, after the fight at Cedar Mountain. From this point he was sent to Alexandria with a train of the wounded, and from thence, by order of Surgeon-General Hammond, he proceeded to Baltimore, to report to Josiah Simpson, Med- ical Director of the Middle Department, for duty. Dr. Simpson, having knowledge of his experience and ability, placed him in charge of West’s Buildings, out of which he constructed a hospital which was considered one of the best in the United States. While here he was promoted to full rank as a surgeon. In about six months it became necessary to use this hospital for the sick prisoners of war, it being convenient for their transfer to boats to be sent to Old Point, or to their homes. In the spring of 1863, Dr. Cadden was again sent to the front, and was assigned to duty on the operating staff of the Twelfth Corps, where he was engaged till the following autumn. After this he was again with the Maryland troops, First Corps, in command of General Newton, until the First Corps was merged into the Fifth, under General Warren, when he was assigned to duty on the operating staff of the Second Division, with which he remained during all the experience of that famous corps, until the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, when, with his brave comrades, he was mustered out of ser- vice and returned to his home. Resuming at once the practice of his profession, he settled in the city of Balti- more, where he has ever since remained. Engrossed in the duties of his calling, in which he has been eminently successful, he has shunned public position, but urged by his friends he became, in 1873, a member of the Board of Surgeons for the examination of pensioners, which posi- tion he still holds. He was married, in 1877, to Mary Hartman, of Baltimore, sister of Prof. Alford Hartman, of Stewart Hall. Dr. Cadden is a safe, well-read, and ex- perienced physician, a gentleman of fine bearing and genial disposition. To his natural abilities, which are of a high order, he has added the ‘culture resulting from as- siduous study, and habitual association with scholars and scientific men. He is highly regarded by his brethren in the profession, and is a member of the Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland. OLE, WititAM H., M.D., Journalist, son of Colonel I William H. and Eleanore Margaretta (Hayes) : Cole, was born in the city of Baltimore, January ee. a S 11, 1837. His parents were natives of Maryland. His father was a leading Democratic politician for many years, and was Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore e \ TN AX BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 83 during the administration of President Polk. He was a member of the City Council several terms, and filled a number of official positions during his life. He died in Baltimore in 1867. Dr. Cole’s grandfather, William Hyn- son Cole, served at the battle of North Point, and his eld- est son, H. H. Cole, now living, uncle of Dr. Cole, served at Fort McHenry as one of its defenders. William Hyn- son Cole removed from Queen Anne’s County and settled in Baltimore in early life, and was also a prominent Dem- ocratic politician, being a member of the first Democratic club ever formed in the city of Baltimore. He filled many public positions. Dr. Cole’s grandfather on his mother’s side, Captain Walter Cooney Hayes, was a native of Ire- land, and was a captain in the English Navy. Being con- cerned in the Irish troubles of 1797, he resigned his com- mission and came to America, and was married to Miss Margaretta Wonderly, of Carroll County, Maryland, whom Captain Hayes first met at the Assembly Rooms, next door to the old Holliday Street Theatre, in Baltimore, which was then the centre of fashionable society of that city, and their marriage was solemnized by Archbishop Carroll, of the- Catholic Church, the first Archbishop of the United States. Captain Hayes was the owner of several vessels and a large landed estate, all of which were confiscated during the war of 1812, on the ground of his being an alienenemy. After receiving a liberal education, Dr. Cole was admitted to the bar in the year 1857, and immediately emigrated to Kansas, where he took an active part in pol- itics on thé Democratic side, and four months after his ar- rival in Leavenworth, was elected to the Legislature of Kansas. Among the opposing candidates was the Hon. Thomas Ewing, member of Congress from Ohio. During the Kansas troubles of 1857 and 1858, he was captured, and carried to Lawrence, where after three days confine- ment, he made his escape over the Kansas River. Dr. Cole and other leading pro-slaverymen, were soon after driven from the Territory. He then went South, aban- doned the law, studied medicine, graduated at the Univer- sity of Louisiana in the year 1860, and in 1861, entered the Confederate Army as private of Company E, First Virginia Regiment. After passing through the battles of Bull Run and Manassas, he was appointed hospital stew- ard, and shortly afterward assistant surgeon. He was as- signed as surgeon in charge of the renowned Eighth Georgia Regiment, better known as “ Bartow’s Regiment,” and remained with it during all the campaigns of the war until the battle of Gettysburg, when he was left in charge of the wounded of Longstreet’s Corps. After suffering six months’ imprisonment in Fort McHenry, he returned South and acted as surgeon on the staff of General Brad- ley T. Johnson, of Maryland, until the close of the war, when he returned to Maryland and entered on the staff of the Baltimore Evening Commercial, which concern he purchased in 1871, changed the name to the Lvening Journal, and retired from it in a few months thereafter. Prior to this time, in 1870, he was appointed Deputy Reg- ister of the city of Baltimore, which position he resigned on being elected Chief Clerk of the first branch of the City Council. During his official career, Dr. Cole kept up his connection with the Baltimore Press. On retiring from the Evening Yournal, he joined the staff of the Bal- timore Gazette, with which paper he is still connected. In 1873, the College of Physicians and Surgeons conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine ad eundem. In 1874 he was elected Reading Clerk of the House of Delegates, and re-elected in 1876 and 1878. He has al- ways taken a warm interest in the militia of Baltimore, and served a long time as surgeon of the First Maryland Regiment. He was married early in life to Miss Florence Browne, who died in April, 1872, leaving one daughter, still living, who bears her mother’s name. In November, 1873, he married Miss Catharine J. Cassidy, a daughter of the late Patrick Cassidy, a prominent merchant of Balti- more. He isa member of the Roman Catholic Church, and is connected with all the leading Catholic societies of Baltimore. He has travelled all over the United States, and is a man of very extensive acquaintance. i LupoLtpH WILHELM, Merchant, was GC born in the city of Nienburg, in the then Kingdom of Hanover, February 6, 1821. His father, ol George John Gunther, a native of Hanover, was Chief-Surgeon in the “ King’s German Legion,” Fourth Battalion. He served throughout the Peninsular war, and finally, at the battle of Waterloo, under Wellington, where, in the discharge of his duties, he had three horses shot under him, escaping himself with a severe wound in the leg. A special medal, which is now in the possession of the subject of this sketch, was awarded him by King George, as a token of the appreciation in which his meri- torious services were held. He afterwards settled in Nien- burg, where he married Caroline Mensching, daughter of a prominent physician of that place, a lady remarkable for her good qualities: and personal beauty. Ludolph Wil- helm was the third child, and second son, of this union. The Gunthers are of the family of Schwartzburg-Sonders- hausen, who trace their descent back to the dark ages of the first German Emperors. The early education of Mr. Gunther was received in his native town; and, when com- pleted, he was placed in a commercial house, in Bremen, as a “volunteer.” Here he continued his study of the languages. He remained in Bremen until the fall of 18309, when a tempting offer from a large German importing house, of Baltimore, brought the young German to this country. He landed in America, November 10, 1839, full of hope and energy; but, to his disappointment, he found that the then existing commercial crisis served as an ex- 84 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. cuse to the gentlemen at whose solicitation he had come abroad, to annul this engagement. Nothing daunted by this unexpected turn in his fortunes, he sought for, and readily obtained, employment. His skill as a penman and talents as an accountant rendered his services valuable to various _prominent merchants of Baltimore, notably the Easters, with whom he remained until 1844, when, his health being much impaired by constant work, he accepted the position as travelling agent in the large, and at that time, prosper- ous house of Pendleton, Riley & Company. Some of his trips were prolonged to eight or ten months, and in- cluded the far West, at that time wild and almost inacces- sible, the whole journey west of Cumberland being made in stage-coaches. Although made with much personal risk, these trips repaid the toil and trouble to his house in their business, and to him in the large knowledge and ex- perience acquired. Mr. Gunther spent some time with the Indians in their settlements, and was present at the exodus of the Mormons from Nauvoo, where he and some fellow Baltimoreans were hospitably entertained by the widow of their prophet, Mrs. Joseph Smith. A taste for Western life induced Mr. Gunther to settle for a few years on the banks of the Ohio, in Kentucky. Here he was engaged in getting out ship-timbers and staves for the English and French markets. The high waters of 1849 and 1850 washed away all of the earnings of several years, and forced him to return to his adopted city, where he has since remained. Mr. Gunther has been twice married. _ His first wife, who survived her marriage but three years, was Miss Catharine Upshaw, a daughter of Colonel Edwin Upshaw, of King and Queen County, Virginia. Of this marriage two sons were -born, who are now prominent merchants, one in Louisville, Kentucky, and the other in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was again married in Jan- uary, 1855, to Miss Martha Ann Cecil, of King William County, Virginia, a direct descendant of the Cecils who settled in Maryland, and after whom Cecil County is named. By this marriage he has now living four sons, the oldest of whom is a member of the Baltimore bar. Mr. Gunther is one of Baltimore’s most respected and promi- nent citizens and successful merchants. He has fully iden- tified himself with the interests of Baltimore for nearly forty years. For several years past he has devoted his time, money, and energy to the development of real estate in Baltimore, and in so doing has made many beautiful and valuable improvements, prominent among which are his residence, on Eutaw Place, and the warehouses known as the Gunther Buildings, on South Gay Street. Mr. Gun- ther has filled many positions of honor and trust, and is, at present, a Director in the Merchants’ National Bank, and of several insurance companies, of Baltimore. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees for the Maryland Hospital for the Insane. In politics, he has been through- out consistent. Until the disorganization of the old Whig party, he was an advocate of its principles. When that party degenerated into Knownothingism, he joined the ranks of the Democrats, and is, at present, a believer in their doctrines and principles. Although he has never sought political preferment, he has always taken an active interest in the success of the party. Being a German by birth, his early religious faith was that of the Lutheran Church, but he has been for many years connected with the Baptist Church, of which he is a worthy member. Mr. Gunther is a man of fine physique and robust health; an honor to Baltimore, and an example of the success that attends energy and perseverance, directed in the proper channels, ent 09) (WeAMERIK, PRoressor ASGER, Composer and Mu- "i . sical Director at the Peabody Institute, Balti- tec more, was born April 8, 1843, in Copenhagen, I “? Denmark. His ancestors first emigrated to Den- $ mark, from Germany, during the Thirty Years’ War. His father, also a native of Copenhagen, was a professor of theology in the university, and a member of the Da- nish Parliament. Among his many literary works stands, first, the History of the Christian Church, in three vol- umes. He died in 1877. Professor Hamerik’s mother’s maiden name was Julie Scheuermann. She, too, was a native of Copenhagen, but of German descent. Her father was a wealthy merchant of that city, and at his home met regularly every week, for musical practice, the most refined and cultivated society of the city. The musical composers, Hartmann and Hornemann, are his cousins, on his mother’s side. Mr. Hamerik has a brother and sister residing in Copenhagen, both of whom possess rare musi- cal ability. All the members of the family were, more or less, distinguished as musicians. Professor Hamerik was educated at the Latin college, of his native city, at that time in charge of his father’s brother. He acquired great perfection in the Latin language. Having decided to de- vote his life to music, and having no time to pursue a full collegiate course, he left schoo] in his sixteenth year. A biographical sketch of Professor Hamerik recently ap- peared in Brainard’s Musical World, published at Cleve- land, Ohio, in which his musical ‘career is spoken of as follows: “The great revival of musical art in Copenha- gen, was not without influence upon the boy. He studied music without any teacher, and when but fifteen years old, wrote a cantata for solo, chorus, and orchestra, without having any learning, except what he had picked up by himself. This cantata was executed in the parlors of his parents, and won the praise of such musical authorities as Gade and Hartmann. The boy had, however, to continue his classical studies in the college, according to the desire of his father, and it was not until 1859 that he yielded, and engaged a music teacher for his son. The boy evi- dently inherited his talent from his mother, whose whole BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 85 family was exceedingly musical, numbering among them several distinguished musicians. She, herself, was a fine pianist. Hamerik now studied night and day. At five o’clock, on cold winter mornings, he would rise and play scales till nine, then he would write, and then play again. Thus, day after day, and year after year, he studied with such energy and industry, that his friends were surprised at his ambition. While yet young, he composed works for orchestra, cantatas, and chamber music. Of course, these were the labors of a beginner, but then, they helped to impress the community more and more with the fact that there was a talent which wanted to be taken notice of. He had several teachers: Matthison Hansen, Gade, and Haberbier, who then lived in Copenhagen. In 1862, he was sent abroad, first, to London, in order to see the Exhibition, and then to Berlin, where he was to study the piano with Hans Von Bulow. But the teacher soon dis- covered the corde sensible of his pupil, and often, instead of playing, the two would go over scores together, and converse about musical compositions. Von Bulow once wrote: ‘Hamerik unlearned the piano under my care.’ ‘But,’ said Hamerik, ‘hé forgot to add, that I learned the philosophy and science of art of him.’”’ In the spring of 1864, Hamerik left Berlin for Paris, with the first act of his opera Zoveli//le. The text he wrote in Berlin. There was then a war between the Berlioz and the Wagner schools; and Bulow, who then belonged to the last-named school, could not give Hamerik any letter of introduction to Berlioz. Knowing very little French at that time, Hamerik knocked courageously at the door of the great French composer, and stated, in a few words, “that he wanted to study under his care.” Berlioz was, fortunately, in a good mood when Hamerik called. He received him in a very kind and friendly way, and from that day he was his pupil, and the only one he ever had. He composed his operas, Zovelille, Hjalmar and Ingeborg, and his Jew- ish Trilogy for Orchestra, which was played at the late Baltimore Festival, with a number of smaller works. He gave concerts which invariably would contain Morse music. His TZovelille was performed, but only in fragments. During his stay in the French capital, Hamerik visited Stockholm, where he composed a cantata in honor of the new Swedish Constitution, which was received with im- mense enthusiasm. Aside from this, he wrote several songs for the great Swedish songstress, Michaéli. He re- turned to Paris in June, 1866, on special invitation of Ber- lioz, and composed then his Hja/mar and Ingeborg. This being done, he left for Vienna, together with Berlioz, where they remained during the winter. The next year, ~ 1867, the year of the Exhibition in Paris, is one long to be remembered by Hamerik. Thanks to his master, he was, despite his youth, elected a member of the jury, which, under the presidency of Rossini and Auber, adjudged the prizes for musical compositions and instruments. Still more than that, he was then and there decorated with a 12 gold medal, as recognition of merit for his Yymne a la Paix, which was executed by a large orchestra and chorus, and two organs, thirteen harps, and four church bells. After the exhibition, Hamerik visited Italy, where he wrote his opera, La Vendetta, which was performed in Milan, in 1870. It was in Vienna, while writing his opera, Zhe Traveller, that Hamerik made up his mind to go to Balti- more, as Director of the Peabody Conservatory. Not- withstanding the opposition of his parents, he left Europe, August 7, for America, where he has lived ever since. Hamerik composed, in Baltimore, his first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Norse Suites, and is now writing the s¢xth The Peabody Institute is endowed with a large fund for the maintenance of its musical department. There is a flourishing conservatory of about one hundred and twen- ty students, while every year, eight symphony concerts are given, in which Hamerik is endeavoring to interpret tha best works of the masters, in a superior manner. His or- chestra supported Hans Von Bulow in his Baltimore con- certs, and the great pianist was so well pleased with Ham- erik’s conducting, that he wrote, in a London paper; “ Baltimore was the only place in America where I had proper support.” Asger Hamerik is a decided Worse com- poser. His musical subjects are noble and pure, flavored with that peculiar charm which belongs to all Scandina- vian composers; and, as a newspaper remarks: “It is well that there should be some one in this country able to produce the creations of Scandinavian genius. The opera season brings enough of Italian music. German music has scores of representatives, even the Sclavonic genius of Chopin and Rubinstein finds ready interpreters; while the Norse genius suffers unmerited neglect, and yet it has a voice of such broad humor and such poetic expression, that no true lover of music can afford to keep it in the background.”” Hamerik’s Worse concert nights at the Pea- body Institute draw audiences even from the surrounding cities, like Richmond, Washington, and Philadelphia. The following is a list of Hamerik’s compositions: Op. 1, Roland, a song poem; op. 2, dn Orchestra Fantasia ; op. 3, Symphony, in C minor; op. 4, Songs, op. 5, Can- ata, written in honor of the silver wedding of his parents, for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra; op. 6, Quznéet, in C minor, for piano, two violins, viola, and violoncello; op. 7, Gurre, an overture, in D minor; op.8, 4 Fantasia, for barytone and orchestra; op. 9,./anéasia, for violon- cello and piano; op. 10, Ze Votle, song poem; op. 11, Christmas Cantata; op. 12, Tovelille, opera, in five acts ; op. 13,a number of Songs, op. 14, Ave Maria; op. 15, March, for orchestra; op. 16, Hymn to Liberty, solos, chorus, and orchestra; op. 17, Hymn @ la Paix, a prize composition, for solos, chorus and orchestra; op. 18, fijalmar and Ingeborg, opera, in five acts; op. 19, Fezw- ish Trilogy, C minor, for orchestra; op. 20, La Ven- detta, opera; op. 21, The Traveller, opera; op. 22, First Norse Suite, C major; op. 23, Second Norse Suite, G mi- one. 86 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDTA. nor; op. 24, Zhird Norse Suite, A minor; op. 25, Fourth Norse Sutte, D major; op. 26, Fzfth Norse Suite, A major; op. 27, Concert-Romance, D major, for violoncello and Much has been said in praise of Mr. Hame- rik’s compositions, as well as of his influence as a musi- cian, both in the school over which he presides, and in the city in which he lives. Men like him are rare in our country, and we may well feel proud to have him in our midst. orchestra. By) vinity, Pastor of Franklin Square Baptist Church, Oe Baltimore, was born, in Philadelphia, March 31, a 1830. His parents were J. D. and S. W. (Buck- nell) Bitting. Mr. Bitting pursued his early studies in the public schools of his native city, graduating from the Central High School, in 1850. He devoted his spare hours to the study of pharmacy, and his proficiency in this art was rewarded by his appointment to the position of prescription clerk in a large drug store of Philadelphia. His desire for a thorough collegiate education, prompted hint to enter Madison University, Hamilton, New York, where he studied assiduously several years, completing the course with the class of 1853. Soon after, he was elected Principal of the Tennessee Baptist Female College, first located at Nashville, and afterwards at Murfreesboro. Having been converted at an early age, and baptized into the fellowship of Broad Street Baptist Church, Philadel- phia, by Rev. J. L. Burrows, D.D., then the pastor, and having been ordained to the Gospel Ministry, at Murfrees- boro, in 1854, during his connection with the Female Col- lege, he performed considerable gratuitous service as a preacher, in neighborhoods destitute of the regular minis- trations of the Word. In 1855, Mr. Bitting removed to Virginia, and became Pastor of Mount Olivet and Hope- ful Baptist Churches, in Hanover County; which then ranked among the most intelligent, wealthy, and influen- tial churches of the Old Dominion, In this field, his ministry was most acceptable, and his labors crowned with marked success. In 1859, he received a call to the pasto- rate of the First Baptist Church, Alexandria, Virginia, which call he accepted, entering upon his duties in Sep- tember of that year. In this historic Virginia town, sur- rounded by a cultivated community, supported by a united and active church, Mr. Bitting had a most pleas- ant and successful career until the tempest of civil war broke upon the land, in 1861. During those stormy days, he had some peculiar experiences ; among which may be mentioned, his arrest by the Federal authorities, and the placing of him, and other citizens, known to be friendly to the Southern cause, upon the trains carrying men and supplies to the Union army, as hostages, for protection against the attacks of Mosby’s Cavalry. In 1866, he re- Wi ITTING, Rev. CHartes CARROLL, Doctor of Di- co) signed his charge in Alexandria, and became Correspond- ing Secretary of the Sunday-school Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, with headquarters at Greenville, South Carolina. As the field of operations embraced all of the Southern States, and all the editing of publications, books, papers, etc., devolved upon the Secretary, his duties were now difficult, onerous, and almost multitudinous, but he met the demands of his new position with great fidelity and efficiency. On the removal of the board from Green- ville to Memphis, Tennessee, he became Pastor of the First Baptist Church of Lynchburg, Virginia, in May, 1868. It was while in Lynchburg that Mr. Bitting’s ability as a preacher, and success as 9 pastor, were con- spicuously recognized. During his ministry of four years in that mountain city, more than three hundred persons were added to his church, and a new church planted on College Hill. His removal from Lynchburg occurred in 1872, and, for about one year, he was District Secretary of the American Baptist Publication Society for the Southern States, with his office in Richmond, Virginia. It was while thus employed, that Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In September, 1873, he resigned this position, and became pastor of the Second Baptist Church, of Vir- ginia’s capital city. It was during this relation, that the Baptists of the ancient commonwealth made their famous “‘ Memorial movement,” for the endowment of Richmond College, the denominational institution of the State. The movement was designed to commemorate the struggles of the early Baptists of Virginia, in behalf of Religious Lib- erty. Into this enterprise, Dr. Bitting threw himself with characteristic ardor, sending forth appeals in all directions, and making public addresses in almost all parts of the State; and the final gratifying result was due to the labors of no single man more than to his. In September, 1876, he accepted the unanimous call of the Franklin Square Baptist Church, Baltimore, Maryland. There he has la- bored (1878) only a little more than two years; but the large congregations that attend his ministry, and the fre- quent accessions made to the membership of his church, seem to indicate that in Baltimore he will achieve the greatest success with which the labors of his life have yet been crowned. Dr. Bitting has been most fortunate in his domestic relations. He married Miss Carrie S. Shad- dinger, of Philadelphia, December 5, 1855, and they have a family of seven children: William B., who is studying for the ministry; Charles C., Jr., who is reading law; Linnaeus L,, who is about to commence a thorough course of lectures, in the Medical University of Maryland; Car- rie, Miriam, Ruth, Naomi; all of whom are living except Carrie. He is connected with both the Odd Fellows and the Free Masons; and, in the latter fraternity, of which he became a member in 1851, he has filled various offices in lodges, chapters, councils, and commanderies. His political views have generally been Democratic, never Re- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 87 publican. Dr. Bitting has never gone extensively into authorship, though some productions of his pen have been given to the public; among which particular mention may be made of his tract on Religious Liberty and the Baptists. In 1874, the doctor made a tour of Europe, Egypt, and the Holy Land. During that tour he had the unexpected, but peculiar, pleasure of baptizing a young lady, a near relative and travelling companion, in the river Jordan, at the traditional site of the baptism of Jesus, by John; also, a young man, who is now studying for the ministry. As a man, Dr. Bitting is distinguished by firmness and indus- try; as a Christian, by conscientiousness and earnestness ; as a public speaker, by readiness of utterance and tender- ness of appeal; while as a pastor, his most prominent traits are great cordiality of manner, and the most watchful fidelity over the spiritual interests of his people. While he is very decided in his convictions as a Baptist, he is remarkable for kindliness of feeling toward other denom- inations, and the readiness with which he responds to any call for his services made by them. SON 09 x Cty ALLIDAY, Rosert J., Florist and Seedsman, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, March 4, 1840. His father, Robert Halliday, a nurseryman of Bal- timore, is a native of Dumfries, Scotland, and emi- 3 grated to America in 1835, since which time he has been a resident of Baltimore. Robert Halliday has de- voted his entire attention to the business of flower, tree, and plant culture, which he first learned in Edinburgh, Scotland, and in 1837, began business on his own account, at the corner of Lexington and Fremont Streets, Baltimore. In 1840, he commenced the extensive greenhouse department, now occupied by his son, corner of Dolphin Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. In 1861, he associated his son Robert J., in business with him, under the firm name of Robert Halliday & Son. After receiving a good gram- mar school education, Robert J. Halliday, at the age of fourteen, began to learn the business with his father, and gave his undivided attention to it for seven years. On at- taining his majority, he became a member of the firm. In 1865, he went to Philadelphia and engaged in the same business with John Dick, under the firm name of John Dick & Company. In 1866, he returned to Baltimore, since which time he has carried on business in that city in his own name, having a seed store and depot for cut flow- ers, northwest corner of Baltimore and Charles Streets, and the large greenhouses on the corner of Pennsylvania Ave- nue and Dolphin Street, which he operates in connection with the nursery of his father, on Liberty Road, near Bal- timore, containing about five acres, and most of which is under cover of glass. Besides the nursery, his father cul- tivates about forty acres in trees. Mr. Halliday’s business has steadily increased until it is now the third or fourth largest of the kind in this country, and one of the largest south of Philadelphia. He publishes annually a large de- scriptive catalogue, and his trade extends to all parts of the country. IRELY, JoHN WILLIAM, son of William and Char- lotte Birely, was born December 8, 1816, near the village of Myersville, in that section of Frede- rick County, Maryland, called Middletown Valley. p His parents’ ancestors were Germans; those on his mother’s side being the first settlers of a large and fertile tract of land adjacent to, and on the west side of Frederick City. His father was a papermaker, and among the first to engage inthe manufacture of writing paper in West- ern Maryland. During the infancy of the subject of this sketch, his parents removed to Fredericktown, where his father died, when the boy was five years old, leaving his family, consisting of a wife and seven children, almost penniless, owing to losses sustained by indorsing for his brother, who failed in business. Through the kindness of her brother, who died a few years after her husband, his mother came into possession of a small house and a few acres of land, the produce of which, together with the small earnings of her only son, and four elder sisters, con- stituted their only means of support. Asa consequence, his early education was limited. At the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to the furniture and cabinetmaker’s trade, fora term of four years, paying his own board. After the expi- ration of his apprenticeship, he worked five years as a jour- neyman at the same trade. Having saved a few hundred dollars, he relinquished that trade and commenced mer- chandizing, in which he was quite successful. After twelve years of mercantile life, he was, by a unanimous vote, chosen Secretary of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Frederick County. This act was without any solicita- tion on his part. He at first declined the position, in view of his limited education, but by reason of the expressed confidence of the Board of Directors, he finally consented to accept it, and retire from his previous business. He served as Secretary of that company for nine years, resign- ing the position for the purpose of devoting his time to farming. He purchased a tract of land and erected build- ings thereon suited to his taste. His resignation was ac- cepted by the Board of Directors, with resolutions expres- sive of much regret. In 1866, Mr. Birely was prevailed upon to accept the office of Cashier of the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ National Bank of Frederick, Maryland.. That position he held for eleven years, but was compelled to re- sign on account of failing health. In this instance, also, his resignation was accepted by the directors with expres- sions of deep regret; and resolutions to that effect were published in the several newspapers of Frederick City. As 83 an evidence of his careful management of the trust reposed in him, the prosperity of that bank during those eleven years is in attestation. Its capital stock was $125,000, and the dividends paid to the stockholders in that time were $225,000. In 1859, he was elected a member of the Con- sistory and Treasurer of the German Reformed Church of Frederick. He served the congregation in these positions for fifteen years, and was instrumental in the demolition of the old stone parsonage that had stood in the time of the Revolution, and having erected in its stead the elegant Re- formed buildings and parsonage, on the corner of Market and Church Streets. Notwithstanding the erection of these buildings was opposed by many substantial members of the congregation, on the ground of an unpaid balance, which was still due upon the new church edifice, erected a few years previous, the work was commenced and completed without any pecuniary aid given by the members, the in- debtedness created by their erection being gradually dimin- ished by the annual proceeds of the rentable portion of the property. To this work, Mr. Birely devoted, gratuitously, much time and labor. In this connection it is in place to say, that in the two large halls in these buildings the extra sessions of the Maryland Legislature, in 1861, were held, convened in accordance with the proclamation of Governor Hicks. Mr. Birely was one of the first to suggest, and as- sisted in the organization of the Franklin Savings Bank of Frederick, in 1856, and for several years served as one of its directors. For ten years, he was a member of the City Council of Frederick, prior to 1873. In 1871 and ’72, he was elected on the part of the city a director in the Fred- erick and Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1839, he took an ac- tive part in the organization of the Junior Fire Company of Frederick City, one of the most prosperous and successful volunteer organizations of its character in the State; and prior to his resignation as an active member, in 1873, was Treasurer and President for twenty-three years. His ser- vices in these positions were rendered gratuitously. In 1848, he was elected a Trustee and Treasurer of one of the district schools of Frederick, and re-elected annually for six years. After his first election, it was discovered that his predecessor was in default, and that the school might be continued, Mr. Birely advanced out of his private funds, without interest, the necessary means, until money was re- ceived from the County School Fund, which was not until nearly a year had expired. When he retired from these positions, he handed over fo his successor a surplus of sev- eral hundred dollars, after the payment of all indebtedness. These services were also performed without charge or pe- cuniary emolument to himself. Since 1861, Mr. Birely has been one of the Trustees and Treasurer of the Frederick Female Seminary, performing these duties without cost to the institution. He isalso Treasurer and one of the Trustees of Montevue Hospital of Frederick County. Under au- thority of the courts, he has settled several estates, declin- ing in some cases to accept any compensation for his ser- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. vices. At the age of twenty-seven, he was married to Mary R. Cramer, daughter of Philip and Mary Cramer, whose ancestors were the first settlers of a large tract of land in Frederick County, known as the Glades. They have had four children; two only are living, sons, who are now en- gaged in mercantile business in Frederick, under the name of Birely Brothers. Dom ty HONORABLE RICHARD THOMAS, was SAP born May 23, 1839, in Alleghany County, Mary- f land. His father, William Browning, is a native i, i of the same county. His grandfather, Meshack’ oe Browning, was the celebrated hunter, who made a business of hunting and trapping in the Alleghany Moun- tains, whose life is published in a book entitled, Forty- Sour Years in the Life of a Hunter. The early life of the subject of this’sketch was spent ona farm. He receiveda common English education in the public schools of his native county. At the age of twenty years, he left home travelling through the Western States and Territories, and settled for a short time in Missouri. About the breaking out of the war, in 1861, he returned to Maryland. He en- tered the Federal army in the fall of that year, as a private, but was promoted, from time to time, until 1865, when he was mustered out of service, in Baltimore, bearing a second lieutenant’s commission. He was seriously wounded in Lynchburg, in 1864, and endured great suffering and pri- vation in the mountains of West Virginia, through which he was carried to Gallipolis, where he remained until his recovery, and then rejoined his regiment on the Potomac, to which line it had fallen back. In 1868, he was ap- pointed Tax Collector for Alleghany County, for the term of two years, and reappointed in 1870. After the expiration of his second term he removed to Oakland and engaged in hotel keeping. Mr. Browning took an active part in the division of Alleghany County, and the formation of Gar- rett County, the accomplishment of which is in a great measure due to his untiring energy and perseverance, and the lavish contributions of his time and money. In 1875, he was elected a Representative from Garrett County to the Maryland Legislature; being among the first delegates from the new county. Mr. Browning has always been a consistent and firm supporter of the Democratic party. He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church in Oakland. He was married in 1864 to Miss Hattie C., daughter of Jesse Twigg, Esq., of Cumberland, Maryland. Mr. Brown- ing is tall and well proportioned. In social life, he is kind and considerate, and of equable temperament. Possessing the elements of a self-made man, he deals practically with all subjects, and pursues his course with perseverance, fidel- ity, and self-reliance- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 89 Bos ORLANDO FRANKLIN, A.M., Lawyer and SA Author, was born at Afton, Chenango County, New York, February 28, 1841. His parents were “Y Samuel C. and Abby Ann Bump. They had four children, of whom he was the second. His older brother, Charles R., died in the United States Army in 1863. His sister, Ella E., died in 1855. His younger brother, Jesse E., is still living. Members of his family have now in their possession documents which give the name as “ Bumpus,”’ and the family tradition is, that their ancestors came to this country from England. In that country there is a family surnamed “ Bompas.”’ Philological analogy points to this as the correct form of the original surname. This name, with its various modifications, is not uncommon in England and in this country, and several of its possessors have been, or are, lawyers of more or less eminence. The subject of this sketch early in life mani- fested a passion for books. Reading was to him recrea- tion, and he devoted to it the hours that other children gave to play. Being of delicate constitution, his parents were frequently obliged to take his books from him, and thus compel him to find amusement in other things. He, nevertheless, managed to read every book he could find. There was no book in the district school library, the Sun- day-school library, or that could be borrowed from neigh- boring houses, with which he was not familiar. Historical works were his preference, and while yet young his mind was stored with the leading events of both ancient and modern history. He had a most retentive memory, ren- dering him an apt scholar, so that he was soon found in classes among those who were far his seniors in years. His mother died in 1854, and his father being unsuccessful in business, went to Maryland, in 1856, with the hope of im- proving his circumstances, leaving his children in charge of a housekeeper. As their finances were low and the boys of an independent spirit, Orlando and his elder brother resolved to take care of themselves. Being thus cast upon his own resources at the age of fifteen, he sought and obtained employment among the neighboring farmers; but, not having been trained to this kind of work, it proved very uncongenial. Taking the advice of a pet- ulant old farmer, who found him rather awkward, he re- turned to his books. With the scanty savings from his earnings in his pocket, in the fall of 1857, he entered the Delaware Literary Institute, at Franklin, Delaware County, New York. He found there an opportunity to work for his board, and then by teaching in the winters, and work- ing for the farmers in vacations, he managed to complete the academical course, and graduated with the highest honor, in 1861. Hethen went to New Haven, Connec- ticut, and entered Yale College in the fall of that year, He brought with him high recommendations for talents and industry, and thus secured one of those scholarships which the munificent endowments of that institution enable it to bestow on worthy scholars. He graduated in 1863, standing sixth in a class of one hundred and twenty. Under a rule of the college this was reduced to eighth, on account of his entering in the Junior year. As a student of mathematics he was especially apt. When a mere boy in the village school the other scholars sought his assist- ance in explaining difficult. problems, because they under- stood him better than they did the teacher. Such was his proficiency in this particular branch of study that he was appointed an assistant teacher of mathematics in the academy, while still a student. In college he was acknowl- edged leader of his class in this particular, and divided the highest prize with George W. Bidwell, of Philadel- phia. This excellence was not due to any special mathematical faculty, but to the general strength of his analytical and reasoning powers. Mr. Bump is educated because he resolved to be so. During the six years of his academical and collegiate studies he only received about three hundred dollars from his friends and relatives to aid him in his efforts. While in the academy he contracted a few small debts, which his creditors kindly consented to let stand until he had finished his college course. Out of his first earnings he paid these and restored to the college all the money which he had received from the scholarship. In 1863, he went to Battimore and entered the office of William Daniel, Esq., as a student at law. He was ad- mitted to the bar, September 14, 1865. While studying law, he began » thorough course of reading on history, geology, political economy, philology, and social science. His fondness for history and all questions relating to social science made him always a close observer of politics. The times were stirring and a restless spirit like his could not long keep still. Accordingly, in 1866, he sent an anony- mous article to the editors of the Baltimore American, which was published in the editorial columns. A second article received the same appreciative consideration, with a request for an interview. The result was an engage- ment on the editorial staff of that journal, which continued until 1869. The arrangement, however, bound him to the writing of articles only when he sought relaxation from his legal studies. Mr. Bump has been always a Republi- can, but his participation in politics has been that of a scholar rather than that of a politician. Since 1869, his efforts in that direction have been only occasional, such as every educated man feels bound to make upon the request of his fellow-citizens. In 1867 he was appointed Register in Bankruptcy. While a law student he had been in the habit of making notes, and he pursued the practice in re- gard to decisions under the Bankrupt Law. Finding these notes useful to himself, he thought they might be useful to the profession in general, and so, in 1868, he published a work on the Law and Practice of Bankruptcy. This has proved a most successful law-book, ten editions having been called for in as many years. It has become the stand- ard authority on that subject. In attaining this position it was not without rivals; it had them from the first. go Works were issued successively by Saunders, Brightly, Gazzam, and Blumenstiel, but none of these, save that of Gazzam, ever reached a -second edition. When Mr. Brightly’s work appeared, a critic, in commenting on it, took occasion to speak of Mr. Bump’s book as the pro- duction of a young lawyer, without practice or experience ; but in the end the young lawyer, in his chosen field, sur- passed even the veteran writer. The excellence of Mr. Bump’s work as a legal author is due to the strength of his analytical powers and his capacity for close, logical reasoning. He goes at once to the pith of a decision and states the results in clear and concise language. He is patient in the collection of authorities, and from these he deduces the principles of the law with due circumspection. He never writes until he is master of the subject, and then he unfolds his theory with perspicuity. Consequently, no matter how intricate and complicated the subject may be, the profession usually say that he has made it easy and simple. He now found himself engaged in a pursuit con- genial to his tastes, and he followed it zealously and assid- uously, He published Jyternal Revenue Laws, in 1870; Notes to Kerr on Fraud and Mistake, in 1871; Fraudulent Conveyances, in 1872; Patents, Trade-Marks and Copyrights, in 1877; and Notes of Constitutional Decisions, in 1878. He has now (1878) in preparation a work on Federal Procedure, and Notes on the Revised Statutes of the United States. In 1872 he was employed to assist in the preparation of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and a large part of that work is from his pen. He edited, also, volumes twelve, thirteen and fourteen of the Mational Bankruptcy Reg- ister, and contributed various articles to the Cer¢ral Law Fournal and the Southern Law Review. By means of these efforts he became known as an author, and, in 1876, received the degree of Artium Magister from Yale College, on account of his merit and ability as a legal writer. His literary labors have been merely the fruits of his leisure hours. With years came reputation, with rep- utation an increase of practice, until at length the duties of his office and his professional labors occupied his entire time during the day. The only opportunity that he had for study and composition was in the evening, after the professional labor for the day was over. The productions of his pen tell how well that time was improved. For his restless and inquiring mind such employment was recrea- tion and refreshment. Mr. Bump was married to Sallie E. Weathers, July 27, 1870. His oldest son, Charles R., was born, December 13, 1872. His next, Arthur R., was born, November 15, 1874, and died July 3, 1875. His last, Herbert F., was born July 31, 1878. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Bere THomAS C,, senior member of the firm QA of T. C. Basshor & Co., Baltimore, engineers and : manufacturers of steam heating apparatus and ' machinery, was born in Lebanon County, Pennsyl- vania, on the 13th of July, 1835. His father is still living at the advanced age of seventy-eight, on the farm which his great-grandfather of the same name bought in 1751, and on which farm his son, the subject of our sketch, was born, Mr. Basshor has been, for the past twenty-two years, a resident of Baltimore, and his business career has been one of great activity and uninterrupted suc- cess, a success achieved solely by his own industry, enter- prise and ability. He first entered the establishment of Messrs. Numsen, Thomas & Co.,as a bookkeeper, continuing with them five years. He won their fullest confidence and highest esteem, which proved of greatest service to him in his after business life. His credit with this house has always been unlimited, they having ever been ready to indorse him to any extent required. In April, 1861, acting upon the advice of that firm, he purchased the steam heat- ing and machinery business of H. F. Thomas & Co., and with only a capital of $1800 struck out for himself on the uncertain sea of mercantile life. It was in the same month that the United States soldiers were attacked by the mob in the streets of Baltimore. Mr. Basshor has always been a strong Republican and Union man. His whole heart and soul were with his country’s cause, and, had not his hands been fettered by this purchase just completed, he would at once have enlisted in the Federal army. As it was, he gave his influence, encouragement and means to the extent of his ability for the preservation of the Union, and for the liberty and equal rights of all. Under his energetic and skilful management the growth and success of his business was rapid. In 1863 he associated with him Mr. Wallace Stebbins, and the partnership still con- tinues. The business was conducted on leased property, at No. 26 Light Street, for over ten years, but enlarged premises were needful, and, in 1872, he purchased lot No. 28 on the same street, which for time out of mind had been occupied by a little old dwelling-house and restau- rant. This he cleared away and erected in its place the mam- moth four-story iron front building which now adorns the place, and his business house and manufacturing establish- ment combined. As an evidence of the prosperity of the house, it may be stated that the average sales each year amount to $400,000, they have sometimes risen as high as $700,000. Mr. Basshor confines himself, in his heating department, exclusively to large business houses and public buildings, but for these his services are called in requisi- tion from all parts of the country—from Maine to Cali- fornia. He has heated most of the prominent public buildings in Baltimore, the Academy of Music, newspaper establishments, of which the American and Sua may be mentioned in particular; the normal and other schools, and hotels, factories, custom-houses, and asylums, at home WX \ << BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. gI and abroad, But, energetic and effective as Mr. Basshor has proved himself in his business, he has by no means confined himself to that alone. He has ever been public- spirited in a large degree, desirous of the general good of society, and has often been called upon to fill responsible positions. He was a member of the first building com- mittee of the new City Hall under the administration of Mayor John Lee Chapman, is a Director of the Traders’ National Bank, also a Director in the Fountain Hotel Company, and was for several years Director of the Con- solidated Real Estate and Fire Insurance Companies of Baltimore. In 1860, when taking lessons on the violin— a few friends were in the habit of meeting with him to sing and play—a practice they found so delightful that it was never discontinued, and out of it grew in time the Haydn Musical Association, of Baltimore, now numbering nearly one hundred members, the most popular association of the kind that has ever existed in the city. They have given four concerts during each of the last fifteen years, by means of which they defray their expenses. Mr. Wil- liam F. Thiede is the musical director; Mr. Basshor, by unanimous consent, has always been President. He also organized, in 1861, the Riverside Association. Of this association, also, he has always been President. In 1858 he joined the Free Masons and was admitted to the Mon- umental Lodge, of Baltimore, in which he still continues. He has been, since its erection in 1870, one of the trustees of the Brown Memorial Church, one of the most elegant and costly white marble structures of the kind in the city, erected by the widow of the late George S. Brown, a prominent Baltimore banker, to perpetuate the memory of her husband. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 1865 he was married to Miss Emily A. Wedge, daughter of Cap- tain W. S. Wedge, and has three children, two daughters, Mary Graham and Florence, and one’son, Charles Hazle- tine. eiey) of the District of Columbia, was born, January ao 31, 1835, at No. 1202 Maryland Avenue, Washing- &., ton city. His father, Alexander Shepherd, was a Vv native of Charles County, Maryland, where the = Shepherd family had been settled for many years. His grandfather, Thomas L. Shepherd, died in 1816, and his will was probated at Port Tobacco, Maryland. Alex- ander’s mother, whose maiden name was Susan Davidson Robey, was likewise a native of Charles County. The Robeys were among the earliest settlers of that county, and at the present day several families of that name reside near Port Tobacco. The subject of this sketch received his education at the Rittenhouse Academy, of which Charles H. and Joseph E. Nourse were principals, and at the preparatory school of Columbia College. While at Ber ne ve Hon. ALEXANDER R., Ex-Governor St? school he evinced a great aptitude for learning, and so well did he study, that at the early age of eleven years he was fitted for the Freshman class of Columbia College. Whatever he undertook to do he tried to do well, whether play or study. Before he had attained his twelfth year, he was compelled to leave college on account of the dishon- esty of executors who administered upon his father’s es- tate, and was, therefore, necessitated to support himself. The battle with the world began when he was but twelve years of age. He sought and found employment in differ- ent stores as shopboy and clerk. At fifteen he undertook to learn the carpenter’s trade with Henry S. Davis, of Washington. For two years and a half he worked at this trade, and then gave up his apprenticeship to take a clerk- ship offered him by J. W. Thompson, plumber and gas- fitter. Ina short time he became business manager of the concern, and so continued until 1860, when he became a partner. In 1866, he became the proprietor of the busi- ness, the other parties retiring. In 1861, he was elected to the City Council of Washington, re-elected in 1862, and made President of that body. In 1863, he ran for Alder- man and was defeated. He then retired from connection with city affairs until 1869, when he assisted in the organi- zation of the “ Citizens’ Reform Association,” of which he was made chairman. As chairman of this body he wielded a potent influence. So strong was it that he defeated Sayles J. Brown, regular Republican candidate for Mayor, by five thousand majority. He was prominent in the framing, perfecting, and passing of the bill providing for a territorial form of government for the District of Colum- bia. The bill became a law in 1871, and on the 16th of March, of the same year, he was made a member of the Board of Public Works, continued as a member, Vice- President, and Executive Officer, until September, 1873, when he was appointed Governor of the District of Co- lumbia by President Grant. This office he held until June, 1874, when the territorial form of government was changed to three commissioners, who were to have the management of the District affairs. He was renominated as one of these Commissioners by President Grant, but the nomination was rejected by the Senate. Governor Shep- herd helped to organize and served three months in the “National Rifles” of the District. He ran the first train into the Capital after the “19th of April riots” in Balti- more. He has been connected with many public enter- prises; wasa Director in the Young Men’s Christian As- sociation; a Director of the National Metropolitan Bank; President of the National Publishing Company ; a Direc- tor of Oak Hill Cemetery; Treasurer of the Provident Aid Society; a Director of the District Telegraph Com- pany, of the Washington Monument Association, and the Washington Market Company. He was also President of the Washington Club. In fact there was scarcely a public enterprise or association of any kind in the District, with which he was not prominently connected. He has always 92 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. been recognized as a man of almost superhuman energy. Under his management, as Vice-President, the Board of Public Works transformed Washington into a magnificent city, and the nation is indebted to Alexander Shepherd for whatever attractiveness there may be in its capital. In the space of three years he did the work of fifty in cleansing, purifying, and renovating a city which had hitherto been a disgrace to the Union. Years of abuse and intrigue were wasted upon him by his enemies. Newspaper men pub- licly opposed to him, sought to destroy his character by casting adrift the most barefaced malignities; sensational scribblers made him the robber of widows and orphans and the oppressor of the poor, but to-day the name of Alexander R. Shepherd stands out unsullied and untar- nished in bold relief against the vituperations and calumnies of his enemies. The Governor was born and reared in the Presbyterian faith. In politics, he drifted from the Old Line Whig party into Republicanism, in which he is a strong believer, As an evidence of Governor Shepherd’s great business capacity and enterprising spirit, it may not be out of place to mention the fact of his having built fifteen hundred houses inten years. Some of these are magnificent structures. On November 15, 1876, he was forced to sus- pend. His creditors unanimously granted an extension of five years, without interest for one year. At the time of his suspension his assets were about half a million in ex- cess of liabilities. His creditors would not allow an assignment, but simply took a trust on the property, giving Governor Shepherd full power to administer, sell and con- vey,a mark of confidence seldom, if ever, before exhibited among business men. He has succeeded in paying off ninety per cent. of his indebtedness in one year and a half. Governor Shepherd is six feet one and a half inches in height, erect, well-formed, and weighs two hundred and twenty-five pounds. He always dresses elegantly, but plainly, is genial in manner and social in his disposition. On January 30, 1862, he married Miss Mary Grice Young, daughter of Colonel William P. Young, of Nor- folk, Virginia. Ten children were the issue of this marriage, seven of whom are living, three sons and four daughters. and was born in Anne Arundel County, Mary- a land, January 30, 1840. His father, the youngest of twelve sons, was born in the city of Baltimore, in 1799; he was an able and devoted clergyman of the Episcopal Church, and spent most of his life in Anne Arundel County. During the last four years of his life, he was pastor of the Episcopal Church in Chaplico, St. Mary’s County. He died in that place in 1856. His FAR ISQUITH, Henry, Lawyer, was the second son of Rey. Henry and Ellen Sophia (Hodges) Aisquith, * grandfather, William Aisquith, was of Welsh parentage, and a man of some prominence in his day, being for many years the only Coroner in Baltimore. He had a nephew, Captain Edward Aisquith, who owned and named Aisquith Street in the then town of Baltimore. The subject of this sketch attended St. James College in Washington County, Maryland, for three years, when he began the study of law with Messrs. McLane and Williams, of Baltimore. At the end of two years his health failed, and he returned to the family estate, and for three years devoted himself to farm life, after which he resumed his legal studies with Hon. Alexander Randall, in Annapolis, and in 1866, opened an office in that city for the practice of his profession. He early turned his attention to railroad law, in which he has had great success. He was elected by the directors of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, to be the first counsel for that corporation after the creation of the office. Before this election, however, he was engaged in several important cases, one of which, viz., Gantt vs. The An- napolis and Elk Ridge Railroad Company, involving three very important questions never before settled in this State, was argued, and decided in favor of the appellant. In this case, he was associated with Judge Tuck. It attracted wide attention among the profession, and was reported by the press. He also, associated with the late Melton Whit- ney, defended in the United States District Court, three judges of election, who were indicted under the Civil Rights Act, which case occupied eighteen days in trial, there being three hundred and fifty witnesses. When the case had been in progress twelve days, the court adjourned for one month. The practical result of the trial was an acquittal, the jury disagreeing. He defended successfully in the same court, the case of the United States against George W. Murdock, for violation of the same law, which was the first acquittal ever obtained of that nature. In 1875, he was elected State’s Attorney for Anne Arundel County, for four years from January 1, 1876. Since his election to that office, he has prosecuted several parties charged with capital offences. Among them may be men- tioned that of Henry Norfolk, for the murder of his wife, which murder was one of the most brutal and atrocious in the criminal history of the State, he having brained her with a hickory club. Mr. Aisquith gained his case on cir- cumstantial evidence alone, in the face of «a general opinion that the conviction of the murderer could not be obtained. He was hung at Annapolis, December 21, 1877, having confessed his crime before his execution. Of the seven murder cases tried by Mr. Aisquith since his election, all were convicted except one, and in that case the jury returned a verdict for manslaughter. In politics, Mr. Aisquith is a Democrat; in religion, he is an Episco- palian. He is devoted to his profession, in which he ranks high, especially in legal matters affecting railroads and other corporations. He is a man of commanding presence, and fine personal appearance. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 93 30, 1830. His father, Benjamin Adams, was also iY a native and extensive farmer of that county. He was a gentleman of a retired nature and exalted moral character, and was held in the highest estimation by the entire community in which he resided. He partici- pated in the battle of Bladensburg, in the war of 1812. The doctor’s grandfather was John Adams, native of Prince George’s County, Maryland. His father, Dr. Adams’s great-grandfather, was Reverend George Adams, a distinguished, dissenting clergyman of England, who came to this country in the eighteenth century, and settled in Prince George’s County, where he had a parish, in the rectorship of which he died, after an eminently successful ministry of many years. Dr. George F. Adams spent his youthful years in the county of his nativity, and at the age of sixteen years, entered Charlotte Hall Academy, St. Mary’s County, Maryland, where he assiduously pursued his studies for three years. At the expiration of that time, he commenced the reading of medicine in the office of the late Dr. J. F. Shaw, a very prominent and highly accom- plished physician of Charlotte Hall. After a studentship of two years in the above office, he went to Baltimore, where he entered, as a private student, the office of the late Professor Samuel Chew, Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica in the University of Maryland. He ma- triculated at the above college of medicine in the fall of 1851, and graduated therefrom in March of 1853. Upon receiving his diploma as Doctor of Medicine, he returned to Charlotte Hall, where he established himself in the practice of his profession, steadily and successfully pursu- ing the same for the long period of seventeen years, when he removed to Baltimore and located in the twelfth ward of that city, where he has been practicing in one locality for about seven years. Professionally and personally, the doctor is held in the very highest regard. His long ex- perience as a physician, and the excellent instructions he received under so eminent and revered a preceptor as Pro- fessor Samuel Chew, have given him rare attainments, whilst his urbanity of manners and conscientious discharge of professional duty, command for him the confidence and esteem of his patients. The doctor married, in November, 1866, Miss Kate Morton, daughter of the late James Morton, of Charles County, Maryland, and one of the most prominent merchants in Southern Maryland. The doctor’s religious tenets are in accord with those of the Episcopalian (Low) Church, he and his ancestors for four generations having been of the same faith. His political principles are of the Democratic Conservative type, he being in op- position to all radicalism, and in favor of such constitu- tional government as excludes all intolerant legislation. Upon this basis, he is continually performing the duties of a good citizen, making his influence felt for the benefit of the community in which he lives. 13 SFREDAMS, GEORGE FREDERICK, M.D., of Baltimore, yy KS was born in Charles County, Maryland, November x SAARKCPPLEGARTH, WiLt1am, was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, June 20, 1808. He was the i"? son of Thomas and Sarah Applegarth, of that > County, members of old and highly esteemed Maryland families. His father was a landowner and farmer, a man of high respectability, and the head of a large family of children, several of whom became mer- chants in Baltimore. William was reared and lived on the farm until about twenty years of age, and received such education as the country schools of that day afforded. He early manifested a desire for a seaman’s life, and at the age above named, entered on that vocation. For a short time he served on board a vessel owned by his elder brother, George; and soon after became part owner of one which he commanded. He very soon attained a high reputation for reliability and seamanship among the ship- ping merchants of Baltimore, and in a very few years be- came interested in the ownership of sundry vessels. He continued in that line of business until 1850, when he established the shipping and commission house of William Applegarth & Son, in which he continued until his death, March 31, 1873; leaving a well-established business, still prosecuted under the same firm name by his sons, Thomas M. and Nathaniel. He was married December 27, 1835, to Elizabeth A. Mitchell, daughter of Michael and Kitterah Mitchell, of Dorchester County. In early life, he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he was an honored and useful member until his decease. He was one of the first members of the High Street M. E. Church, and a member of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Applegarth was affable in his manners, true in his friendships, of strict integrity and frankness in all business transactions, and generous in his benevolence. He was deservedly esteemed and beloved by a very extensive acquaintance. In politics, he was an old-line Whig; but after the disruption of that party, took but little active interest in politics until the breaking out of the late civil war. Although of slave- holding parentage, and himself a slave-owner, he at once took a decided stand for the Union cause, and in various ways rendered efficient service to the Government in its darkest hours. After that time, he remained identified with the Republican party. The colored people of Balti- more recognized him as their true friend, to whom, in business matters, they were accustomed to go for counsel and advice. In 1866, when the prejudices of the white calkers and ship carpenters were driving the colored calkers and carpenters from the shipyards of Baltimore, he purchased and established for them the first railway owned and managed by colored calkers and carpenters in the State of Maryland, now known as the Chesapeake Marine Railway and Dry Dock Company. At the time of establishing that railway, such was the hostility to the en- terprise that it required the nerve of a hero to resist the opposition with which he had to contend in establishing the colored aperatives on a firm business basis. Their 94 success and present standing fully attest the correctness of his judgment in devoting himself to that benevolent enter- prise. During his business life, Mr. Applegarth passed through all the financial panics of this country, from that of 1837 to the time of his death, 1873, unscathed in his reputation, and maintaining his high credit in business circles. His name is cherished by all who knew him. Cron. JoHN SUMMERFIELD, Physician and Sur- Is geon, was born in Fairfax Court-house, Virginia, | ; February 17, 1839. His father, Nelson Conrad, a Ho merchant, was the son of a farmer in Loudon County, Virginia. He removed to Baltimore in 1853, and engaged in the wholesale mercantile trade. Dr. Conrad was educated in the Union and Newton Academies of Baltimore. He had a natural taste for the study of medi- cine, and early resolved to make that his profession. His father failed in business in 1857, and he was therefore ‘ obliged to leave school and find some way of self-support. Keeping his chosen profession steadily in view he entered, as the first step towards its attainment, the drug store of Elisha Perkins, M.D., of Baltimore, with whom he en- gaged to remain for three years, with the stipulation that he should be permitted to attend two full courses of lectures in the College of Pharmacy. While here it was a part of his duty to remain in the store until half-past ten o’clock at night. This time he diligently devoted to the study of history, biography, the languages, and the past and present literature of pharmacy. His habits won for him the regards and favorable predictions of his associates in business, which his later years have not disappointed. From the College of Pharmacy he graduated second in a class of nine, in the year 1860; after which he engaged in teaching as the assistant of his brother, who was Principal of a flourishing academy in Georgetown, D.C. He taught a few hours each day, devoting the rest of his time to the study of medicine, and in attending the lectures in the Medical School of the Columbia University, at Washington. He graduated at that University in March, 1862, and im- mediately went South, being commissioned in April of the same year, as an assistant surgeon in the Confederate army, and was assigned to duty at Camp Winder Hospital, which was then just opening in the suburbs of Richmond. This hospital subsequently grew to be the largest in the Con- federacy, having a capacity for five thousand patients. After serving in the wards as an assistant surgeon for about six months he was ordered to medical headquarters as as- sistant to the chief surgeon, and aided that officer in organizing the hospital. In January, 1864, he was ordered to report to General Longstreet, then in Tennessee, where he was assigned to duty with the Seventh Georgia Regi- ment, General Fields’s Division, with which he served in the battles around Richmond and Petersburg. He was trans- ferred by request, in the fall of 1864, to the First Engineer BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Corps, commanded by Colonel Talcot, and surrendered with the command at Appomattox Court-house, April 10, 1865. In 1868, he was elected Resident Physician, in charge of the Baltimore Infirmary, 2. ¢., University Hospi- tal, where he served until 1871, and resigned to accept the appointment as Physician in Charge of the Marine Hospital of the Port of Baltimore. He was in charge of this hos- pital during the great epidemic of small-pox and typhus fever in the years 1871-72, when it was crowded with pa- tients suffering from these diseases, the latter of which he contracted, and nearly lost his life. While in charge of this hospital, he was invited to fill the chair of Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, in the Medical Depart- ment of the Washington University at Baltimore, which he accepted, and occupied during two sessions, when he was chosen by the faculty to fill the chair of Surgery, which he also occupied during two courses; after which he re- signed to accept the position of Resident Physician in charge of the Maryland Hospital for the Insane, at Spring Grove. He entered upon his duties there in 1874, under the superintendency of the venerable Dr. Richard S. Stew- art. After his death, the following year, he was elected Superintendent of the hospital, and served until March, 1878. Dr. Conrad is a member of the Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty of Maryland, of the Baltimore Medical As- sociation, the Baltimore Academy of Medicine, the Ameri- can Social Science Association, the American Public Health Association, and of the American Association of Med- ical Superintendents of the Insane. Among his contribu- tions to medical literature, may be noticed a paper on small-pox, published in the Zransactions of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, for 1874, and « paper entitled, “Insanity in its Financial Relations to the States,” which appeared in the same publication for the year 1876. He was married, April 19, 1871, to Miss Virginia M. Rind, daughter of S. S. Rind, Esq., of Georgetown, D. C., whose grandfather published, at Williamsburg, in the year 1766, the first newspaper in the Colony of Virginia. It was en- titled The Virginia Gazette, and contained much interesting matter of a public character. Dr. Conrad is much inter- ested in the study of the sciences, especially biology, sociol- ogy, and psychology. In character he is decided and en- ergetic, but is of a studious and retiring disposition, With one exception, each and all of the public and prominent positions held by him, he has been invited to accept with- out application. GWRISS, PHILIP, was born at the family homestead, a yy : seven miles from Baltimore, Maryland, on the old evs. Harford Road, July 13,1795. His father, Jacob a“ Hiss, was a native of Pennsylvania, and removed from that State to Maryland, locating at the place above mentioned, in the year 1750. The old homestead is still in possession of the family. Jacob Hiss married BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 95 Elizabeth Gatch, a sister of Philip Gatch, who went to Ohio and became an Associate Judge with the late Judge McLean, of the Supreme Court of the United States. He had a large family, consisting of eight sons and eight daughters, all of whom were born at the family homestead, and remained there during their early life. Seven of them are still living, and the youngest died at the age of thirty- five. The ancestors of Philip Hiss, on the paternal side, came from Germany, and on the maternal side, from Sweden. The subject of this sketch received his early education at the country school, near his birthplace; and at the age of sixteen left home and went to Baltimore, where he became an apprentice with Lambert Thomas, in the cabinetmaking business. After completing his ap- prenticeship, he remained there and worked as journeyman for two years, at the expiration of which time he entered into copartnership with Mr. George Austen, in the cabinet- making and furniture business. He commenced business on West Fayette Street, near Howard, Baltimore, where he remained until he retired from business, in 1860. He was a member of Captain Stephens’s Company, of the Twenty- seventh Regiment, at the time of the battle of North Point, in 1814, and at the close of the war received an honorable discharge, and the bounty granted by the United States Government for faithful patriotic service. He has held no public office, and never joined any secret or beneficial so- ciety. On the 25th of August, 1816, being then twenty- one years of age, he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the city of Baltimore, of which he has been an active and faithful member ever since. He is connected with the Madison Avenue Methodist Church, of which he was one of the original founders. In the year 1819, he joined the Asbury Sunday-school Society, and has been prominent and very efficient in the Sunday-school work in the city of Baltimore since that time. He was an old-line Whig until the formation of the Republican party, with which he has since been identified. On the 31st of January, 1826, he married Sarah, daughter of Jacob Rogers, of Baltimore, and has had seven children, three sons and four daughters, of whom five are living, two sons and three daughters. They are all residents of Baltimore, and the oldest is forty-eight years ofage. Mr. Hiss is a man of medium stature, about five feet six inches in height, genial in manner, and full of life and activity. He never used intoxicating liquors or tabacco, and never entered a theatre. His life throughout has been regulated in accordance with the teachings of the Bible, and has been one of eminent success and usefulness, SPRACLEX ANDER, CoLoneL CHARLES Mapison, Law- By NG yer and Patent Attorney, the son of Charles and ford County, Kentucky, November 7, 1832. His father was born near Staunton, Virginia, and his Martha (Madison) Alexander, was born in Wood- mother in Jessamine County, Kentucky. She was a near relative of President Madison. His father was the brother of Sir William Alexander, Baron of the Exchequer under George Third, and of Robert Alexander, whose son, the late R. Atchison Alexander, was the great stock-breeder of the world. Their only sister is the wife of Hon. Thomson Hankey, of London, who served a term as Governor of the Bank of England, and has now been for years a member of Parliament. He is also a large banker and shipowner. The Alexanders are lineal descendants of the famous Lord Stirling. Charles Alexander was a lawyer and a most accomplished linguist, speaking six languages with fluency and ease. His son, Charles Madi- son, commenced the study of the languages at the age of seven, and prosecuted his studies at the preparatory schools until he was seventeen, when he matriculated at Marietta College, Ohio, and graduated in 1852. His father having removed to New Albany, Indiana, he engaged in that place in the wholesale and retail book trade. Unfortunately he indorsed notes for friends, and soon lost a considerable fortune. He removed to Washington, District of Colum- bia, in 1856, and studied law, making Patent Law a spe- cialty. At the first note of alarm, in 1861, he enlisted as a private soldier, and served with the three months troops. It should also be recorded that all his relatives of the same name, though residing in slave States, without having learned each other’s sentiments, espoused, with one accord, the Union cause, and without swerving in a single instance from their principles, endured all the fearful hardships of the four years’ war. In the latter part of 1861, Colonel Alexander was largely instrumental in raising the Second Regiment of District Volunteers, in which he was made Major, and mustered into service in February, 1862. In less than a year, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel of volunteers, and placed in command of this regiment, at the head of which he remained till it was mustered out, in the spring of 1865. They were engaged in a number of the severest battles, including South Mountain and Antie- tam. Immediately after the latter, he was placed for a short time in command of Griffin’s Brigade—that officer being disabled—and had an engagement with the enemy near Shepherdstown, West Virginia, in which his escape from death seemed miraculous. A large shell burst not more than twelve feet distant, throwing him to the ground with his horse, but neither suffered serious injury. During the winter of 1862-3, he was in command of the Division of General Mike Cochran. In 1864, at the Fort Stephens fight, his regiment was the first to reach the scene of action; they held the line to the right of the fort until the ar- rival of the Sixth Corps, and were engaged in severe skirmish fighting during the entire day. When his regi- ment was mustered out, in 1865, believing the war to be practically over, and anxious to resume the practice of his profession, at his request, he was honorably discharged. During the latter part of the administration of Andrew Johnson, he was appointed Postmaster of the city of Wash- 96 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDISA. ington, but resigned during the first term of General Grant. For awhile after the war, Colonel Alexander acted with the Republican party, but is now independent. His. re- ligious sympathies are with the Presbyterian Church. He has been, for a number of years, the humorous correspond- ent of The Turf, Field and Farm, under the nom de plume of Alec, and his letters are read and enjoyed in all sections of the country. In 1855, he married Miss Dow, a cousin of Lorenzo Dow, and granddaughter of Nathaniel McLean, brother of Chief Justice McLean. Colonel Alexander has undoubtedly a brilliant future yet before him, both profes- sionally and as a writer. SD) vet ve FRANCIS, was born*at Baltimore, Mary- 1) land, November 15, 1829. His ancestors on his father’s side were natives of Ireland; on his > mother’s side, of France. His father, Adam Den- mead, a native of Maryland, was for many years en- gaged in Baltimore, on the corner of North and Monument Streets, in the manufacture of engines.and other machinery. He was a man of unusual force of character, and by in- dustry and sagacity, built-up a large and lucrative busi- ness. He was highly esteemed by all who knew him. Francis Denmead was educated in the Baltimore schools, and the old St. Mary’s College. After leaving school, he spent a few years assisting in the iron works of his father, under whose watchful eye and guidance he laid the foun- dation for that thorough practical knowledge which was afterward to show itself so distinctively in the man. When nineteen years of age, he went South, and spent about three years in Georgia and South Carolina, helping his uncle, Edward Denmead, who had, for many years, in both of these States, been engaged asa large railroad con- tractor. In 1851, he went to Virginia and entered into a railroad contract on his own account. As contractor, he built the whole superstructure of the Virginia and Tennes- see Railroad. In this he was engaged about seven years. In 1857, he went to Baltimore, purchased the ground and buildings on the corner of Block Street and West Falls Avenue, and engaged in the manufacture of malt, which business, together with the purchase and sale of hops, he has ever since carried on. He has added to his buildings until they now run seventy feet on Block Street, and one hundred and seventy on West Falls Avenue. Fora number of years his sales have ranged from three to five hundred thousand dollars. Among the malt-houses of Baltimore his house stands in the front rank. His success has not been the result of mere fortuitous circumstances, but of close attention to business, energy and careful forethought. On the 15th of November, 1854, he married Rosalie V., daughter of Captain Pleasant Labby, one of the oldest tobacco manufacturers of Virginia, and one of the first, if not the first, in Lynchburg, of which city he has several times held the Mayoralty, and many other positions of trust and responsibility. Mr. Denmead has eight children living. Two of his sons, Francis and Charles, assist him in his business. PD URVIANCE, CommoporE Hucu Youne, of the G ce”, United States Navy, was born in the city of Balti- ae more, March 22, 1799. He was the son of James T* Purviance, who was born in Baltimore, in 1772, and died in 1836, and Eliza Young, a native of Virginia, who died in Baltimore, in 1815. His paternal great- great-grandfather was a Huguenot refugee, who was driven from France on the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685, and settled in Ireland. The Commo- dore’s grandfather, Robert Purviance, was born at Castle Fin, Ireland, and came to America in 1763. On the adop- tion of the Constitution of the United States, this gentle- man was appointed by General Washington, Naval Officer of the port of Baltimore, for service rendered during the Revolutionary war, and on the death of General Otho Holland Williams, who was at the same time appointed Collector, Mr. Purviance was appointed his successor, in 1794. He held this office until his death, which occurred in October, 1806. In the war of 1812-15, James Purvi- ance, father of the Commodore, was a member of Captain Samuel Sterrett’s Independent Company, and was at the battles of Bladensburg and North Point. He was buried in the First Presbyterian Church cemetery, corner of Green and Fayette Streets, Baltimore. The Commodore’s mother was a daughter of Hugh Young and Mary Selden, of Elizabeth City, Virginia. The latter was the daughter of Colonel Cary Selden, a descendant of the Seldens of Eng- land, some of whom figured during the time of Charles the First. The celebrated John Selden, the historian and statesman, whose life illustrates what was excellent in the reign of Charles the First, was a near relative of his imme- diate ancestors. Colonel Selden’s mother’s maiden name was Cary. She came from England, with her two brothers, Wilsonand Miles, about the year 1712, and settled in Vir- ginia. The Carys trace their descent from Henry Cary, maternal cousin of Queen Elizabeth, who was created by her Earl of Hunsdon. Henry Cary’s daughter Catharine married Lord Howard, of Effingham, who was constituted by Queen Elizabeth, Lord Chamberlain of her household, and Lord High Admiral of England. He was com- mander-in-chief of the fleet by which the Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588, and of another squadron which sailed against Cadiz, in the year 1596, having on board a number of land forces, under the command of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex. In that year he was created Earl of the County of Nottingham. It was his Countess Catharine, daughter of Henry Cary, Lord Hunsdon, to whom the Earl of Essex is said. to have delivered the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, 97 ring that had been given him by Queen Elizabeth, as a pledge of her perpetual favor. This ring was intended by the Earl, then under sentence of death, to be carried to the Queen, accompanied by a request of her Majesty’s pardon, but was concealed from political motives by the Countess of Nottingham. Colonel Cary Selden married Elizabeth Jennings, daughter of Colonel Jennings, cousin of Sarah Jennings, wife of the Duke of Marlborough. Colonel Jennings was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, one of the Supreme Council, and Deputy Governor of Virginia. Dr. Porteus, the celebrated Bishop of London, was the son of this lady, who, on the death of Colonel Selden, returned to England, in 1730, settled in Yorkshire, and there married the father of Dr. Porteus. The an- cestry of the Commodore, on his mother’s side, were re- lated to Captain John Creichton, a famous cavalier, who exhibited great loyalty and bravery in Scotland during the reigns of Charles II, James II, and William III, and whose life is found among the writings of Dean Swift. When Robert Purviance, the grandfather of Commodore Purviance, emigrated to America, in 1763, he and his elder brother Samuel established a commercial house in Balti- more the same year in which they arrived in that city. These two gentlemen were the financial agents for the Government during the Revolution. Samuel was the chairman of the famous Whig committee, and both were very active at a time which tried men. Their brother John established himself in Philadelphia, and their brother Wil- liam selected North Carolina as his residence. In 1788, Samuel Purviance went to the western country for the pur- pose of having surveyed and laid off for disposition, large tracts of land in Kentucky and Virginia. At that time all the western country was a wilderness, and inhabited by none but savages. In descending the Muskingum River to reach the Ohio, he was captured by a party of Indians and massacred. Commodore Hugh Young Purviance, the subject of this sketch, attended school in Baltimore until fifteen years of age. He then went to St. Mary’s College, where he remained for two years. Having completed his studies, he went to Europe, where he remained two years. On his return he was appointed a midshipman from Mary- land, in the United States Service, November 3, 1818. He served in the frigate Congress, in 1819-21, on the East India station, and the Franklin, seventy-four-gun ship, 1821-4, in the Pacific squadron, and in the North Caro- lina, seventy-four-gun ship, Mediterranean squadron, 1824— 7. He was commissioned as Lieutenant, March 3, 1827, and served in the sloop-of-war Falmouth, West India squadron, 1828-30; sloop-of-war Peacock, East India squadron, 1833-4; Rendezvous, Baltimore, 1836-7; Brazil squadron, 1837-8, commanding brig Dolphin and sloop-of- war Fairfield; relieved an American schooner from the French blockade at Salado, River Platte: for the latter service the Government acknowledged its great satisfac- tion for the manner in which the negotiation was con- -my life. ducted; Rendezvous, Baltimore, 1839-40; Brandywine, Mediterranean squadron, 1841-2; Rendezvous, Baltimore, 1843; commanding brig Pioneer, coast of Africa, 1843; frigate Constitution, Mexican blockade, 1846. He was commissioned as Commander, March 7, 1849, serving on receiving-ship Consort, Baltimore, 1850-1; commanded sloop-of-war Marion, coast of Africa, 1852-5. He re- ceived his commission as Captain, January 28, 1856; com- manded frigate St. Lawrence on the blockade off Charles- ton and Southern coast, 1861; captured the Confederate privateer Petrel off Charleston, when just twelve hours out. This was the first capture that was made‘at the com- mencement of the civil war. She had formerly been a revenue cutter in the service of the United States, and had been seized by the rebel government. Captain Purviance captured several prizes, and participated in the fight of the Merrimac, gunboats, and batteries off Sewall’s Point, Hampton Roads. He was commissioned as Commodore, July 16, 1862; lighthouse inspector, 1863-5. He received a vote of thanks from the Maryland Legislature, in recog- nition of his patriotic services. He was married, October 23, 1834, to Miss Elizabeth R., daughter of James Beatty, Esq., of Baltimore. Two daughters were the fruit of this The eldest, Elizabeth, was the wife of B. Atkin- son, a nephew of Bishop Atkinson, of Virginia; Frances Susan, the other daughter, is the wife of General Adam E. King, of Delaware. The Commodore’s history is one of unwavering attachment to the Union. His religious views are essentially Presbyterian. union. HAMBERS, Hon. EzekieL ForMAN, Jurist and I Statesman, was a native of Kent County, Mary- a land, and the son of General Benjamin Cham- i, bers, a sketch of whom is contained in this volume. oe, He died at his residence, in Chestertown, Maryland, January 30, 1867. After his death, the following interest- ing autobiographical sketch was found among his manu- scripts: “I was born in Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland, February 28, 1788, and have resided there all My parents were General Benjamin Chambers (of the family of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania), and Eliza- beth Forman, daughter of Ezekiel Forman, and niece to General David Forman, who was greatly distinguished during the Revolutionary war, in Jersey, his native State, under the zom de guerre of ‘Black David.’ My father was an officer in the famous Maryland line, under Colonel Smallwood, for a short time, and was a brigadier in the war of 1812, and was, for many years, clerk of the county, as my grandfather Forman had been before him. I com- menced my collegiate course at a very early age, at Wash- ington College, Chestertown, where I graduated when between sixteen and seventeen years of age. My legal 98 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. studies were immediately commenced under the late Judge James Houston, and I was admitted to the bar in March, 1808, being but a few days beyond the age of twenty. Mr. Houston was appointed District Judge of the United States, for Maryland, about the time of my coming to the bar, and his professional business fell into my hands; this circumstance, together with the fact that my father was clerk of the court of the county, and a popular man, gave me at once a large practice, which continued until my pro- motion to the Bench. From the age of seventeen, I took an active part in the party politics of the day, frequently canvassing the county and the counties adjacent, and mak- ing addresses to the popular meetings, having been a zeal- ous member of the old Democratic party, until its disruption after Mr. Monroe’s administration. Frequent offers to send me a delegate to the Legislature were declined, and in 1821, the nomination to Congress was offered to me, when the election was considered as a certain result. It was de- clined on account of the permanent ill health of my then widowed mother, whose situation required my constant personal attention. In 1822, I was made a member of the State Senate, against my earnest remonstrances, by the College of Electors, then having the constitutional power to elect that branch of the Legislature, for the term of five years. Before the expiration of that term, in the winter of 1825, I was appointed by the Senate, as a member of a committee of three—the late Robert Henry Goldsborough, afterwards a Senator of the United States, and Mr. Archi- bald Lee, who were then members of the House of Dele- gates, the other two—with instructions to visit the Gover- nors and Legislatures of Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, to arrange a system of legislation which might se- cure to those States perfect security for their free colored inhabitants, while at the same time it should facilitate the recovery of slaves absconding from Maryland. This object was accomplished, and the result was entirely satisfactory until it was resolved, unwisely it is now generally conceded, by those who controlled the affairs of the State, to urge a decision in Prig’s case, in the Supreme Court, declaring this legislation to be opposed to the Constitution of the United States. While absent from the State on this mission, Colonel Edward Lloyd, who had been re-elected to the Senate of the United States for six years, resigned before having taken his seat under this re-election, and without my knowledge, I was elected in his place. I took my seat in the Senate, February 22, 1826, and at the expi- ration of the first term of six years, was re-elected and served three years more, when, after nine years’ service, in 1834, I was appointed Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District of the State, and a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which office I continued to fill until the year 1851, when the judiciary was remodelled and made elective by the new Constitution. I was an active member of the Convention of 1850, to remodel the Constitution and propose a new one, and claim the merit of being the most ardent oppo- nent of the (to Maryland) novel and unwise system of constituting the judiciary by a popular election of judges: Since the adoption of the new Constitution, I have busily oc- cupied myself in the profession of the law and farming ; and my design is to continue, while life and health are allowed me, to keep up the active mode of life to which I have al- ways been accustomed, esteeming it necessary not only as the only means of fulfilling the purpose of my being, but also the surest means of health and happiness. Having no aspirations for. political life, I have kept aloof from any union with either of the political parties that at present di- vide the country, professing still the same old-fashioned creed, which under the patronage of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and other distinguished Whig leaders flourished more than thirty years since. An offer was made me by President Fillmore to act. as Secretary of the Navy, in 1852, on the resignation of Secretary Graham. My health at the time was not good, and the offer was declined. It may not be amiss to say that I was honored, in 1833, with a diploma, as Doctor of Laws, by Yale College, and had a similar honor from the Delaware College, in 1853. The degree of A.M. had been received from Washington. Col- lege, as of course, in two years after graduating. I had been appointed by the executive one of three commis- sioners—Chancellor Johnson and Colonel James Boyle, being the other two—to act with commissioners from Vir- ginia in settling the disputed boundary line between Mary- land and Virginia. Chancellor Johnson died on his way to the appointed place of meeting, and after much dis- cussion with the Virginia commissioners, the disputed line was left unsettled. I was in service as a military man in the war of 1812, having command of = most efficient vol- unteer company in the regiment of Maryland militia, com- manded by the veteran, Colonel Reed, which was kept on active duty during all the time the British were in the Chesapeake, and by which regiment the battle of Caulk’s Field was so gallantly fought in 1814, in which Admiral Sir Peter Parker was killed.’”’? Judge Chambers was dis- tinguished as a churchman. He was elected April 23, 1821, one of the vestry of Chester Parish, and from his first appointment as a lay delegate, May 21, 1823, always represented his parish in the State conventions of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church of Maryland. For many years he was a representative of the Diocese of Maryland, in the General Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. After having served several years as one of the Board of Visitors and Governors, he was elected, September 2, 1843, President of Washington Col- lege, and continued to hold that position until his death. The life of this distinguished jurist and statesman, as indi- cated by the foregoing, was filled with usefulness and hon- orable deeds, and his name goes down to posterity connected with one continued effort to faithfully perform every duty imposed upon him, so that the country and the world should be benefited by his having lived in it. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 99 mono, OYCE, HonoraB_e EvGENE T., State Senator, son % e of Thomas and Celia Joyce, was born in the town of Clifden, County Galway, Ireland, March 28, 1839. Owing to the death of his father, which oc- curred while Mr. Joyce was about six years of age, his educational advantages were limited, and early in life he was thrown upon his own exertions for support. Through self-discipline, perseverance, and the advantages of extensive travel, he became qualified to discharge the various duties required of him in the prominent positions which he has been called upon to fill during his active business and political career. He emigrated to Canada, in company with his mother, sister and one brother; after re- siding there for several years, he went to Virginia in search of an uncle, where he remained a short time, afterward go- ing to Louisiana. ‘ Leaving New Orleans, he took passage for Europe, and travelled through France, England and Ire- land. Soon after his return to this country, he sailed from Boston to California, where he remained a few months, and removed to Baltimore to engage in the hotel business, in which he continued from 1860 to 1877. He was also engaged in the real estate business from 1865 to 1872. He is at present engaged in the shipping business. In 1867, he organized a regiment of infantry, known as the Emmet Guards—Maryland National Guard—of which he was colonel until the fall of 1868, when he resigned on account of his health. In the spring of 1869, he was re-elected Colonel, in opposition to the Honorable George P. Kane, Mayor of Baltimore. Having taken an active part in politics, he was chosen as one of the nominees of the Democratic party for Representative, and elected to the House of Delegates in the year 1874. The following year, he was elected to the State Senate, taking his seat in 1876, to serve until 1880. He is a man of great personal - popu- larity, and has been an active and useful member of the Legislature. He is a member of the Catholic Church, and in 1877, was Chief Knight of the Knights of St. Patrick, an organization which dispenses its charities without re- gard to nationality or creed. He was married, January 29, 1859, to Margaret C. Heslen, daughter of Richard Heslen, deceased, a former merchant of Baltimore, and has five children living, two sons and three daughters. OX, THomas CAMPBELL, Water Register for the District of Columbia, was born on the Heights of Georgetown, in that district, July 1, 1829. His t father, Colonel John Cox, was Mayor of Georgetown for twenty-four consecutive years. His maternal grandfather, Mr. John Threkeld, was a large property- owner in the district, and well known in Georgetown. The late Honorable Joseph R. Underwood, for a number of years United States Senator from Kentucky, and a member ¢ \Grsue of the House of Representatives for several years, was a brother-in-law of Mr. Cox. When the latter was about six- teen years of age, he went to Kentucky, where he engaged in farming with Judge Underwood. After a residence of ten years in that State, he made a short visit to the District of Columbia, and then went to New Orleans, but being attacked with yellow fever while there, on his recovery, he returned to Kentucky. Remaining in that State one year, he again went to the District of Columbia, and was em- ployed in the office of the Clerk of the District Court, his brother-in-law, John A. Smith, being clerk. During Presi- dent Pierce’s administration, and while General Marcy was Secretary of State, Mr. Cox was appointed to a position in the State Department. He remained in that department about seventeen years, filling various positions of responsi- bility. During the civil war, Honorable William H. Seward, Secretary of State, sent him on a special mission to France. He also selected him to entertain the Tunisian Embassy, and was presented with a valuable and handsome gold watch, bearing upon one side the star and crescent, the coat of arms of Tunis, and on the other side a forget- me-not, which were wrought in diamonds and inlaid. When the Commission, under the treaty of Washington, for the settlement of claims, in accordance with the twelfth and following articles of that treaty, was organized, he was recommended by the State Department as its Secretary, and was so appointed ; acting in that capacity for both the Government of Great Britain and that of the United States. During the summer, the Commission held its sit- tings at Newport, Rhode Island. Mr. Cox’s activity and untiring devotion to the business of the Commission cul- minated in arranging its affairs so that the commissioners were enabled to close up within the time specified by the treaty—an occurrence almost unprecedented. He was handsomely complimented by the Commission, and by its order minutes were spread upon its record thanking him for the manner in which he had discharged his duties. He also received a letter from the Foreign Office of England, expressing the satisfaction of the British Government with his labors in its behalf, and also a letter from the Depart- ment of State of the United States, complifnentary to him for his services. On the close of the Commission, Mr. Cox engaged in the real estate business in Washington, with Hanson A. Risley, formerly solicitor of the Treasury De- partment. Subsequently, he was appointed a clerk in the Board of Audit for the District of Columbia. He was next appointed Secretary of the Special Joint Commission created by the two Houses of Congress to frame a form of government for the District of Columbia. His experience and valuable qualifications for the position were specially recognized and duly acknowledged by the commissioners and prominent citizens. Mr. Cox was strongly urged as commissioner for the District of Columbia when Judge Bryan was appointed. Influential delegations, composed of prominent men in Washington, Georgetown, and the Ioo County waited upon the President in his behalf. The death of Colonel Lubey, Water Register of the District, having occurred, he was immediately selected out of a large number of prominent citizens who were candidates, and received the appointment, which position he now fills. His administration of the office shows remarkable executive ability. He has thoroughly reorganized the force, sys- tematized the work of the office, reduced its expenditures, and collected large sums on account of arrears of rents due. eres OWAELLINGER, Jacos, Bank President, was born, De- ow i cember 7, 1820, in Bavaria, Germany. He is of 82 Hebrew parentage. His ancestors were natives of Germany for many generations. After getting the rudi- ments of an education, he was bound apprentice for three years to a drygoods merchant, with the express pro- vision that he should have each day two hours for study, which time he diligently improved. When he had finished his apprenticeship, he again, for two years, pursued his studies at the seminary at Ansbach. In this way he ac- quired a liberal education. He then became travelling agent for an optician, which position he held for about a year and a half, and thus gained considerable knowledge of the world, and laid the foundation for future success in business. At the age of nineteen, being induced to come to America, he sailed from Bremen for Baltimore, where he arrived, July 26, 1840. Here he became partner with his brother, Samuel Ellinger, in the live-stock business, in which, by prudent management, he was quite successful. He gave up the general stock business in 1861 and has since continued to sell almost solely on commission. He has been President of the Drovers’ and Mechanics’ Bank ever since it was inaugurated, in 1874, and to his careful and skilful management much of its success is to be attrib- uted. On August 12, 1845, he married Mary Eliza, daughter of George Baker, of Baltimore. He has six children living. ens. IWiy,URTON, James Wootr, M.D., son of John W. By) and Eliza Rebecca (Woolf) Burton, was born in the city of Baltimore, August 17, 1847. His > parents are natives of Maryland, and of English descent. They removed from Baltimore city to Long Green, Baltimore County, when the subject of this sketch was a child. His father owns considerable prop- erty, and for several years has served as Justice of the Peace. Dr. Burton attended the public schools of Bal- timore County until: he was fourteen years of age, when he went to Milton Academy, in that county, of which Eli M. Lamb was principal. Upon its suspension, the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. year following, he went to Loyola College, in Baltimore, and passed through the regular course, but left without graduating. He then read medicine with the late Pro- fessor N. R. Smith, and graduated at the University of Maryland. After attending the hospital in New York, and being surgeon in Long Island Hospital for one year, he returned to Baltimore County, enriched by the varied experience of hospital practice, and entered upon the regular practice of medicine, in which he has been very successful. Under the law providing for the examina- tion of the militia, he received the appointment of sur- geon of the county. For several years Dr. Burton has taken an active part in politics, and in 1877, was the nominee of the Democratic party to represent his county in the Legislature, to which he was elected by a major- ity of twenty-five hundred. During the session he was appointed on several important committees and proved himself an active and efficient member of that body. He boldly advocated economy in all matters affecting the State, and his own county, especially. The adoption of his motion referring the matter of city extension to a se- lect committee, promoted the defeat of that measure. A bill having been introduced to borrow one hundred thou- sand dollars to meet an indebtedness contracted by the County Commissioners, Dr. Burton offered a motion which caused the reduction of the amount to forty thousand dollars. He also advocated the election of a State Board of Education by the people, instead of the appointment of County Schoal Commissioners by the Court. SWap LACKISTON, ANDREW Hooton, was born May SAD 21, 1844, at “ Brighthelmstone,”’ the homestead of his father, David C. Blackiston, in Kent Coun- jp ty, Maryland. His great-grandfather, James Black- iston, was born July 14,1744. He married Cath- arine Kennard, of Centreville, Maryland, and died Sep- tember 12, 1816, leaving a son, James Blackiston, Junior, who married Mary Crane, daughter of Captain David Crane, of the Revolution, son of David Crane, the origi- nal owner of the site of Elizabethtown, New Jersey. Andrew Hooton Blackiston was educated and graduated at Washington College, near Chestertown, Maryland, tak- ing the first honors of his class. While reading law he was Professor of Mathematics, for one year, in the Mary- land Agricultural College. He then went to the Uni- versity of Virginia and was graduated in the Law School, and continued his studies for six months in the office of Hon. E. G. Kilbourne, in Baltimore and was admitted to the bar by the Superior Court of Baltimore City. In January, 1867, he removed to Cumberland, Maryland, where he resided until his death. For a time his younger brother practiced law with him, but after his marriage BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. returned to Kent County. Mr. Blackiston acquired an extensive and lucrative practice, and at the time of his death was regarded as one of the leading members of the bar of Cumberland. His integrity and business ca- pacity were such that he was constantly employed in grave and complicated transactions, and was the trusted attor- ney of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, Adams Express Company, the First National Bank of Cumber- land, and other corporations. He was a devout member of the Episcopal Church from his earliest manhood, and never gave up the hope of becoming © useful minister of the Gospel. He was a firm Democrat, from intelligent conviction, but not what is called a politician. He was a bright and zealous Free Mason, and was « member of the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Red Men, and other beneficiary societies. He was shot and killed, August 30, 1878, in Cumberland, Maryland, by a member of the Alle- gany bar. A brother lawyer said of him, that “he was courteous, gentle, frank,andtrue. His force of character, his moral and social qualities were in keeping with the temple in which they were enshrined,—a body the perfec- tion of symmetry, a face and form a model of physical development and manly beauty.” He was six feet tall; strictly temperate in his habits, a hard and thorough student, and conscientious and unswerving from the strictest line of duty. He married, May 21, 1874, Elizabeth Smith Pearre, daughter of Judge George A. Pearre, of Cumber- land, Maryland, and had a son, Andrew Hooton Blackis- ton, born April 21, 1877. 0-709) Je soe OOTON, ANDREW, was born January 1, 1786, and died May 12, 1874, the son of Captain John Hooton, of the English Army, who was born D. the 27th day of the first month, 1752, and married, P the 7th day of the fourth month, 1780, Rachel Mott, who was born the 11th day of the fifth month, 1757, the daughter of Jacob and Keziah Mott, Orthodox Quakers, of Hempstead, Long Island, New York, and a cousin of Elias Hicks, the founder of the Hicksites. Captain John Hooton was the son of John Hooton, who was born the 7th day of the sixth month, 1700, and married, the 21st day of the second month, 1737, Sarah Kay, daughter of Thomas Kay, of Wigdon, County of Cumberland, England. John Hooton was the son of Thomas Hooton, who married Mary Lippincott, of Shrewsbury, England; moved to Bur- lington, in 1677, and afterwards settled in Moorestown, New Jersey. The Hootons were Orthodox Quakers and suffered for conscience sake. Mrs. Mary (McKenzie) Hooton was born January 9, 1786, the daughter of Daniel and Katharine McKenzie, Presbyterians, of Scotland. She died April 9, 1824, and claimed to be descended from Wil- liam McKenzie, who personated Prince Charles, and died in his stead. 14 Ior URDETT, Samuer S., Lawyer, of the firm of Curtis, Earle & Burdett, Washington, District of Columbia, was born February 21, 1836, at Broughton Astley, Leicestershire, England. He } is the fourth son of the Rev. Cheney and Elizabeth (Swinfin) Burdett. His father was of an old Northamp- tonshire family, and when quite young, became a protégé of the celebrated Baptist divine, Rev. Robert Hall, by whom he was prepared for the ministry. His mother was of the Leicestershire family of Swinfins, who, for many generations, held prominent civil trusts in that county. Upon her marriage with the Rev. Cheney Burdett, the name became extinct, as she was the last of the family. Samuel S. Burdett, the subject of our sketch, came to the United States at the age of twelve years, with an elder brother. - They were sent forward by their father, who was an ardent Republican, and with the expectation that he would soon follow with the rest of the family. He died, however, soon after, and thenceforward Samuel was left to his own resources. He began the struggle of life, a mere boy, in Lorain County, Ohio, working on a farm during the summer months, and attending district school in winter, until sixteen years of age. During the next four years, he divided his time between farm work and Oberlin College, where an academic course was pursued. At the age of twenty, he went to the State of Iowa, studied law, and was admitted to practice. At the break- ing out of the war of the rebellion, he enlisted as a private in the Union army; served three years; was promoted to a captaincy, and mustered out in that rank on expiration of the term of enlistment. In the fall of 1865, he removed to St. Clair County,. Missouri, and resumed the practice of law. Mr. Burdett was a Presidential elector on the Re- publican ticket for the Second District of Iowa, in the campaign of 1864; Circuit Attorney for the State of Mis- souri; member of the Forty-first and Forty-second Con- gresses from the Fifth District of Missouri; and Commis- sioner of the General Land Office, from June 1, 1874, to May, 1876. On account of ill health, in the month of June, 1876, he started on a tour around the world, in which he visited England, the Southwestern coast of Africa, the islands of St. Helena and New Zealand, and the continent of Australia, returning by way of the Sand- wich Islands to San Francisco, where he arrived in August, 1877, with perfectly restored health. In March, 1878, he became a partner in the well-known law firm of Curtis and Earle, of Washington, D.C. On receiving the appoint- ment of Commissioner of the General Land Office, Mr. Burdett made himself master of all the details of that in- tricate Bureau, and is confessedly as able a chief as it ever had. Asa lawyer, he ranks among the first. In the celebrated McGanahan case, that has been pending before the courts and Congress for twenty years past, and was under investigation by the Senate Committee on Public Lands during the Forty-fifth Congress, he was associated 102 with ex-Attorney-General Black, Judge David S. Wilson, of Iowa, and his partner, W. W. Curtis, for the defence, against ex-Senators Carpenter and Logan, Robert Inger- soll, Eben C. Ingersoll, ex-Representatives Shellabarger and Jeremiah Wilson, of Indiana, and C. P. Shaw, of New York. His argument in the case was considered the most thorough, able, and convincing that was made on either side; being a thorough exposition both of the laws of the United States and Mexico, relating to public lands and land titles, and largely contributed toward winning from the committee a unanimous report in | favor of his clients. Mr. Burdett is a gentleman of commanding physique, and possessed of fine social quali- ties. He isa member of the Masonic fraternity, holding the grade of Past Master and Past High Priest. SWapeAKER, CHARLES HENRY, Lawyer, was born Feb- Me SAG ruary 12, 1830, near Chestertown, Kent County, 33 Maryland. He was the son of Thomas and Ann ee Cosden (Moffitt) Baker, and educated at Washing- ao ton College. At the age of eighteen years, he left college, and was employed as a teacher in one of the pub- lic schools in Kent County. While serving in this capac- ity, he devoted his leisure hours to the study of the law. He is a highly esteemed member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and has been a very popular local preacher since 1856. In 1871, he commenced the practice of law in Chestertown, and, owing to his high standing in the community and unsullied reputation, immediately obtained a lucrative business, which he still enjoys. He married, November 21, 1861, Mary Louisa Young, the eldest daughter of William Young, deceased, of Baltimore city, and has two children living, Idell and Lelian Baker. IIis father, Mr. Thomas Baker, a thrifty, well-to-do farmer, highly respected by all who know him, has held many important public positions in Kent County. Both father and son, are conservative constitutional Democrats. ENTLEY, CHARLES WILLIAMS, Manufacturer, was born in North Stonington, New London County, Connecticut, July 2, 1815. His parents were ‘George Washington and Anna Bentley. They lived on a large but very rough farm, on which they raised the usual products of that section of country, together with sheep and cattle, and from which they sup- plied the neighboring seaports with shiptimber and fire- wood. His father was a man of good moral habits, integ- rity, industry, remarkable energy, and great mechanical talent. He was skilled in all branches of mechanics, and -his mother, and shipped on a coasting vessel. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. applied himself to each as occasion required. He was bold, stern, and severe, having a will-power and endur- ance that knew no failure. His mother’s maiden name was Anna Williams. She was of good family, and inher- ited some of the best blood of the Revolution. The very’ opposite of her husband in traits of character, she was mild, confiding and affectionate. Mr. Bentley’s character- istics are a commingling of those of both his parents. The one class has won for him large success in business; the other, has caused some of the greatest mistakes of his life. His early life was rough and severe; hard work and many privations made him long to escape from the re- straints of home life. His first desire was to go to sea. Accordingly, when sixteen years old, he took the advantage of a partial consent previously given, as also a brief ab- sence of his father, and left home, to the great distress of He was not permitted to enjoy his bent in this direction very long; for on his first visit home, he was taken to Norwich, about ten miles distant, and bound apprentice to a house-building firm for three years. That firm, in connection with extensive house- building operations, had a steam-planing mill and ma- chinery for other wood-work. There, he first learned to run a steam engine. There, too, he commenced the study of machinery, as well as house-building ; working twelve hours a day, and studying and drawing at night. This night work was performed under many disadvantages, as he had no teacher, and this first brought him to see the need of drawing-schools, and their importance to the youth of the land. His school education was limited to three or four months in the year, in the district school until he was sixteen years of age. In all his after-life he has felt the need of a thorough education. After having completed his apprenticeship, and worked some time as a journeyman, and afterwards on his own account, he again entered the service of his old employers, who had taken large con- tracts from the Canton Company of Baltimore. In the fall of 1837, he went to Baltimore, and soon after took entire charge of the work at Canton. On completion of the contract, at the earnest request of the agent of the Canton Company, he agreed to remain and become a partner in business, the agent furnishing the capital. He commenced business, by erecting the first fully equipped sash and door factory in the State. He was ahead of the times, there being strong prejudice against machine-made work. It was an up-hill business ; and his partner, soon after, losing his position, left for his home in Connecticut, which compelled Mr. Bentley to sell out the business at a great sacrifice. In 1840, his attention was directed to the great need of a fuel- saving steam boiler for cooking and agricultural purposes, which resulted in the upright tubular boiler, so extensively known and used at the present day. It was constructed of wrought and cast iron combined, and on that he obtained a patent. The only change in the boiler from that time is, it is now made wholly of wrought iron. It is the most BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. extensively used boiler in the United States. At the time of its first construction, steam was but little used, except as motive power; since then, Mr. Bentley has introduced it into fourteen different branches of business where: it had not been previously applied. He ‘commenced business with this boiler as an exclusive specialty, Through agents he introduced it into Philadelphia, New York and Boston, and for a few years had the exclusive business in this line. He travelled much of the time himself, and put them up in various parts of the country, in hotels, almshouses, peni- tentiaries, and manufactories. In 1842, for‘its adaptation to agricultural purposes, he received from the Baltimore County Agricultural Society the award of a silver snuff box. From this small beginning, his business increased, until, in 1848, he had established a foundry, machine shop and a boiler shop, employing from eighty to one hundred hands, manufacturing all kinds of boilers, steam-engines and machine work. In 1850, he received the first gold medal ever awarded by the Maryland Institute for a steam- engine. While engaged in the erection of mills in Georgia and Florida, Mr. Bentley contracted a disease which com- pelled him to desist from further close application to busi- ness, and in 1855, he gave up the engine and machine branches of his manufactures. He then established the Baltimore Steam-Boiler Works, which is now the oldest and largest private boiler-shop in this country. In 1858, he purchased the extensive property on the Northern Cen- tral Railroad, now known as Bentley Springs. It was then unimproved. He built the store, Bentley Station, the hotel so widely known as the Glen House, together with several dwellings. The Glen House afforded accommoda- tions for two hundred summer boarders, and was a most successful enterprise until its destruction by fire in 1868. He established the post-office there, and was post-master until 1875—a period of about sixteen years. About 1843, he joined Jefferson Lodge of Odd Fellows, but for want of time, gave it but little attention, and lost his membership after a few years. For many years he has been an active member of the Masonic Order. He took the three degrees of Blue Masonry in Concordia Lodge, and shortly after the Royal Arch in Jerusalem Chapter. He subsequently with- drew from Concordia Lodge and established Bentley Springs Lodge, and served as its master until 1874, and js now Past Master of Charity Lodge, Parkton. He is at this writing (1878), Representative of the Grand Lodge of New Jersey to the Grand Lodge of Maryland. But the source of Mr. Bentley’s greatest and most abiding usefulness is to be found in his association with the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of Mechanic Arts, from its commencement in 1847, to the present time (1878), having been for more than a quarter of a century one of the most active in its formation, and a member of its Board of Managers for twenty-eight successive years. He has been a member of its Committee on Exhibitions for many years; superinten- dent of its second, and chairman of its third and twenty- 103 fifth and twenty-sixth exhibitions; a member of its Commit- tee on Schools of Design, for twenty-eight years; vice- president of the Institute for many years, and president for two years. During all this time he has labored, with a de- votion and self-sacrifice which have but few equals, in or- ganizing, systematizing, and perfecting these schools, and in encouraging and elevating the exhibitions of the Institute. Mr. Bentley claims no exclusive merit in all this; he was but a co-laborer with many in these praiseworthy under- takings. In the commencement address to the School of Design of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, delivered by James Young, Esq., May 31, 1870, we find the following apostrophe to Mr. Bentley: “To you, the respected Chairman of the Committee on the School of Design, too much praise cannot be awarded. Al- most from its inception to the present time you have been its firm and steadfast friend, its chairman, and have never grown weary in the faithful discharge of the arduous duties attendant on the office. Amid the bustle and care incident to conducting an extensive business, in the bosom of your family circle, its success has ever been prominent in your mind. What was best to be done, and how to do it best, has occupied your thoughts as your head rested on your pillow at night, and as you rose up in the morning; and now, sir, after the lapse of years, with the weight of age pressing heavily—and you have grown gray in the service —you have the gratification of witnessing the fruition of your proudest aspiration, the complete success of your much-cherished desire; the bread cast upon the waters has returned after many days. Go on, sir, in the accomplish ment of still greater good; go on in the effort to elevate and ennoble the standard of the Mechanic Arts, and the name of Charles W. Bentley, and the recollection of what he has done for the youth of this city, will go down to fu- ture generations, as one of the benefactors of the age in which he lived, in connection with Franklin, Fulton, Ark- wright, and others renowned in history. Long may you live, and long may you continue as the honored and re- spected chairman of the School of Design of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts.’ Until about fifty years of age, Mr. Bentley’s principles on matters of religious faith were those of the infidel. At about that period of life, he began to change his opinions, and in 1868, he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has since continued an active and zealous member, filling various important positions, such as trustee, steward, class leader, Sunday-school superintendent, manager of camp meetings, delegate to lay conference, Sunday-school con- ventions, etc. He was formerly an old-line Whig, but since its day has belonged to no political party. He has been an unswerving Union man and lover of his country, He was married to Miss Ann Owens Laty, daughter of the late John J. Laty, of Baltimore, July 18, 1841, by whom he has had nine children, four sons and five daughters, whose names are, John Edward, who married Hattie Ann, 104 daughter of Richard P. Sherwood; Sarah Isabella, who married Samuel W., son of Richard G. Mackey, of Balti- more County; Anna Williams; Elizabeth Frazier; Charles Williams, who married Fannie C., daughter of Rev. J. N. Davis, of the Baltimore M. E. Conference; George Wash- ington, who died in infancy; Mary Frances, who married Dr. J. Carey Cunningham, of Baltimore; Edwin Owens and Lottie Letitia. Mr. Bentley is small of stature, and youth- ful in appearance ; so much so that, at fifty years of age, he was mistaken for thirty-five, and many times, when visited by customers for the first time, who had been dealing with him for twenty years, they have asked to see his father, not supposing him to be the man with whom they had so long been dealing, and who had so much machinery throughout the country. He is an exceedingly modest and retiring man, affectionate and confiding. He is strongly attached to his friends, and for them would make any sacrifice. He has been successful in making money, but not in keeping it. He has met with many losses and disasters by flood, fire, and panics, that would have paralyzed a man of less nerve, energy and will-power. Mr. Bentley is justly num- bered with the men of whom Maryland may well be proud. an) YETH, WILLIAM N., was born September 29, ‘ OA ; 1837, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, «oy Charles Wyeth, came from New England to Bal- ae timore when about twenty-one years of age, and entered the wholesale drygoods house of his uncle, Leonard Jarvis. After a few years he, with his elder brother, L. J. Wyeth, bought out the business. Some time afterward, this firm was dissolved, L. J. Wyeth going to New York. He then associated with him as partner his brother-in-law, Edward S. Norris, and with him carried on the business for about twenty-five years, under the firm name of Wyeth & Norris. This firm was finally dissolved, and he became associated with Mr. N. F. Blacklock, with whom he entered into the wholesale boot and shoe busi- ness, under the firm name of Wyeth & Blacklock. This concern was ruined by the great fire at San Francisco, in 1851. At that time the subject of this sketch, William N. Wyeth, was a school-boy, twelve years of age, at Baltimore College. He, with his younger brother, H. C. Wyeth, was then sent to a boarding school at Concord, Massachu- setts, which place he left at the age of about sixteen, to en- gage as clerk with his uncle, Leonard J. Wyeth, in New York city. He remained with his uncle and others, until 1859, when he left for his home in Baltimore, to enter into business with his younger brother, above named. The firm of Wyeth & Brother, in the iron and steel business, was then started by them, and has since continued with unin- terrupted success. In March, 1878, Henry C. Wyeth re- tired from the business, since which time Mr. William N. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Wyeth has carried it on in his own name. Mr. Wyeth is also interested in the metal business in Philadelphia and New York. He has large investments in real estate and other property. In 1863, he married Ellinor, daughter of James A. Maynard, of Baltimore, and has three children, two sons and a daughter. This house is a monument of what can be done by persevering industry, integrity, and prudence. Beginning on a small scale, with but little cap- ital, in less than twenty years it has grown to be one of the largest in its line, either in Baltimore or in the South. Mr. Wyeth, though yet a young man, has displayed a spirit of energy in his business eminently characteristic. With this quality are united a conservatism and prudence that keep him within the line of legitimate trade. His keen sagacity, enterprise, and experience, combined with a jealous regard for the faithful performance of commercial obligations, have been the leading instrumentalities in assuring his success. In manners, he exhibits that suavity which evidences the true gentleman, and is possessed of that general and varied intelligence which lends a charm to conversation, and gives him most attractive social qualities. Go. Hon. Peter W., Ex-Judge of the Circuit Court Ii of the First Judicial District, Maryland, and ex-mem- f ber of the Court of Appeals, of Maryland, was born ; t January 9, 1806, in Charles County, Maryland. af He was the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Wood) Crain, natives of the same county, whose families were ag- riculturists. His father had been a Justice of the Peace for forty years, and was President of the Levy, or Commission- ers’ Court of Charles County. His paternal grandfather, John Crain, came to Charles County from Wales, about the year 1700, and married a Miss Maston. His mother was a daughter of Peter Wood and Elizabeth Thomas, a cousin of Governor James Thomas, of Maryland. His maternal grandfather came from England, about the year 1680, and settled in the same county. The subject of this sketch received his elementary education in the common schools of the county; but his more advanced early studies were pursued at the “Charlotte Hall Academy,” of St. Mary’s County, then, as now, a renowned educational in- stitution, situated near Benedict, St. Mary’s County. While there he possessed peculiar advantages in having the con- fidence, esteem, and tutorship of James Miltimer, librarian and assistant teacher, who was an accomplished Greek and Latin scholar. This, with free access to the library, of which he fully availed himself, enabled him to become proficient in his studies. Leaving the academy in his nineteenth year, he read law under Hon. John Truman Stod- dard, of Charles County, for about eighteen months. He then went to Winchester, Virginia, and attended law lec- tures, given by Henry St. George Tucker, Chancellor of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Winchester, who had a class of forty-five students, among whom were the afterward distinguished Governor Henry A. Wise, of Virginia; Hon. Charles James Proctor, mem- ber of Congress and Minister to France; Mr. Atkinson, who abandoned the law and became Bishop of North Caro- lina; Hon. Pennybacker, who became Judge of the Circuit Court of the United States, West District, and Albert Con- stable, who was a member of Congress, and Judge in 1851. The latter, with Mr. Crain, were the only members of that class from Maryland, who were honored with positions on the bench. Mr. Crain graduated in 1827, and the next year commenced the practice of Jaw in Port Tobacco, Charles County, Maryland. Soon after his admission to the bar, Lewis Dent, brother of Frederick Dent, father of Mrs. General Grant, killed a man at Rum Point, Charles County. Mr. Crain was employed as one of the counsel to defend him. The jury was composed of the most enlightened men of the county; and though great prejudice existed against Dent, the masterly arguments of his defenders, who put in the plea of “self-defence,” resulted in a verdict of “not guilty,’ within half an hour after the case had been given to the jury. The speech of Mr. Crain upon that oc- casion secured for him the reputation of being among the first and best lawyers at the bar, which at that time em- braced such men as Clement Dorsey, Judge Fred. Stone, Colonel Stonestreet, George Chapman, member of Con- gress, and A. Chancellor Johnson, State’s Attorney upon that occasion. Mr. Crain soon thereafter acquired a large and lucrative practice. In 1841, without his knowledge or consent, he was nominated for the Legislature and elected. He was a prominent opponent of repudiation of the public debt—a policy attempted to be forced upon the State by Governor Frank Thomas, and other prominent men of that day. A debt of about eight million dollars had been contracted, in 1836, for public canals and railroads, and other improvements, and it was this which they sought to repudiate. Their efforts were rendered abortive by Mr. Crain and others. At the close of his term, Mr. Crain ex- pressed a wish not to be returned; but, during his attend- ance at St. Mary’s County Court, he was again nominated and elected by a large majority. At that time there was no protection in the laws of the State of the rights of mar- ried women, as it regarded personal or real property. Mr. Crain was the first legislator, in Maryland, to propose meas- ures securing such protection. A law was passed which initiated subsequent State laws, respecting the rights of mar- ried women. At the close of that term, he published a card, positively declining any future nomination. In connection with his local practice he argued many cases in the Court of Appeals. In several of his most celebrated cases he had as his colleague, the Hon. John V. L. McMahon, of whom Chief Justice Taney said to Mr. Crain, ‘‘ He is the ablest jurist in this country ;’’. and asked Mr. Crain to use his in- fluence to get Mr. McMahon to show his ability in the Su- preme Court of the United States, and so gain for himself 105 a national reputation. An interesting case in Charles County, which depended upon the true construction of the rule in ‘ Shelly’s case,” in which Mr. Crain gave his opin- ion, and in which the adverse party sought the opinion of the celebrated Walter Jones, of Washington, D.C., the Court decided against Mr. Crain. He carried it to the Court of Appeals, when the case was argued with Mr. Mc- Mahon, for the appellants, and by Mr. Chancellor and Rev- erdy Johnson, for the appellees. At the conclusion of Mr. McMahon’s argument, Judge Archer said to Mr. Crain, that Mr. McMahon had read a funeral dirge on all of Johnson’s authority. Justice Dorsey said that Mr. Crain ought to advise Mr. McMahon to write a treatise on Contingent Remainders, and Executive Devises, because his speech that day was greater than anything Ferne ever wrote. As Mr. McMahon left the court-house, he was astonished when he heard that they had gained the case, depending upon which they had a joint fee of one thousand dollars—a large fee for that day. Judge Dorsey said, they might draw up their papers, giving a reversal of the decree, giving them all the property. When Mr. Crain was but twelve years old, his father brought him to Port Tobacco, where the court was in session, and introduced him to Hon. John Johnson, Chief Justice, father of Reverdy Johnson, and John J., late Chancellor Johnson. He was also introduced to Reverdy Johnson, who was then acting State’s Attorney. As they left the court-house, his father said to him, it ought to be his ambition to aspire to reach the position of a judge. It made a deep impression on his young mind. He did reach it, in 1846, but his father did not live to see it, having died in 1829. He served under the Governor’s appoint- ment, until November, 1851, when a new State Constitution made the judiciary elective, when he was elected, irrespec- tive of party, for ten years, to serve as Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, comprising Charles, St. Mary’s, and Prince George’s counties. At the expiration of that term, he com- menced the practice of law in Baltimore, which he contin- ued from 1861 until January, 1867. After the death of Judge Cochrane, of the Court of Appeals, Judge Crain was appointed his successor, serving in that capacity about eleven months, until the adoption of a new Constitution, about the close of 1867. His opinions are to be found in the twenty-seventh volume of the Decisions of the Court of Appeals, the most celebrated case being that of Nelson against the Hagerstown Bank—accepted as the law on that point, and decided upon that case. He resumed the practice of his profession, and continued until February, 1878, when he retired with a competence, his last case being one involving thirty thousand dollars. It was that of Messrs. Cornell, Johnson, and Dunkanson against McCann. He gained the case for the plaintiffs. In addition to discharg- ing the duties of his profession, the Judge has successfully conducted a large farm for twenty years, known as “ Locust Grove,” which has produced as high as twenty-two hun- dred bushels of wheat ina year. In 1859, he disposed 106 of it to good advantage. He has been paymaster of the Forty-sixth Regiment, Maryland Militia, with the rank of Major. He was an ardent Whig, attending the conven- tions of 1838, 1841, and 1844. His religious tendencies are liberal. To his confidence and executive ability has been committed the administration of the large estate of the Weems family. o HASE, HANNIBAL HAMILTON, Manufacturer, was “be born August 18, 1810, at West Newberry, Massa- b chusetts. l = natives of that town. He was the son of Jonathan and Hannah (Brown) Chase. His mother was daughter of Samuel Brown. She was an energetic, con- scientious, and pious woman. Some of her immediate rela- tives were distinguished for their ability and wealth. By both father and mother he was subjected to a rigid moral and religious training. When about nineteen years of age, with a common school education, some knowledge of comb- making, and about one hundred dollars in his pocket, he left Newberry'to seek his fortune. In this pursuit he visited New York, Albany, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, arriving in the latter city with about four dollars in his possession. He was fortunate enough to obtain work at combmaking, and in about one year he went home on a visit with about two hundred and -fifty dollars in silver, wrapped up in a checkered handkerchief, thus early evidencing that industry and thrift which have resulted in financial success in his riper years. After a few weeks he again left home, trav- elled through several of the Southern States, and returning to Baltimore re-engaged in his old employment. After about thirteen months, he set up business for himself, which he carried on successfully for about seven years. He was then induced to invest several thousand dollars in the brick business. About three years after making this investment, finding that business more profitable than manufacturing combs, he gave up the latter and turned his whole attention to the brick trade. In this latter business he has been suc- cessfully engaged for thirty years. He has also beena successful speculator in real estate. In some other outside speculations he has not been so fortunate. The aggregate of life, however, shows him to have been a successful busi- ness man—the result of untiring industry, perseverance, caution, and good judgment. In 1861, Mr. Chase was a member of the City Council. For about ten years he has been a director of the People’s Bank; and for a number of years, a trustee of the Westminster Presbyterian Church. In 1834, he married Susanna, danghter of William Disney, of Baltimore. She died in 1850, leaving four children. In 1864, he married Rebecca, daughter of Hon. Moses Newell, of West Newberry, Massachusetts, a substantial farmer, who for many years was a member of the Senate of his own State. Mr. Chase has now eight children, two of whom, a son and a daughter, are married. His ancestors for several generations were BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ROOK, Cuar es, JR., Retired Merchant and Manu- facturer, was born in the city of Baltimore, corner of King’s and Howard Streets (formerly Whiskey ' and Carpenter Alleys), May 5, 1794. His father, Walter Crook, was born in Back River Neck, Balti- more County, Maryland, in the year 1762, and removed to Baltimore city, where he carried on the cabinetmaking business very successfully for many years. He died very suddenly, in 1825, leaving six children, three sons and three daughters, the oldest of whom is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Crook received his education in the city of Baltimore, and at the age of fifteen, went into the counting- room of Mark U. Pringle, Baltimore, in December, 1809, where he remained for about two years, when he entered the employ of William Wilson & Sons, among the oldest and wealthiest shipping merchants in Baltimore at that time. After remaining there a short time, he was appointed bookkeeper in the Bank of Baltimore, in 1812, and re- mained in that situation for four years, when he became a partner of the firm of William Wilson & Sons. He was a member of that firm for eight years, after which he bought the cotton factory of Robert and Alexander McKim, and commenced the manufacture of cotton duck, being the first ever made in the United States. He continued working at this business for ten years, or until the year 1830, after which he retired from active business, except, subsequently, being occupied for a few years in the shoe factory of his son, G. W. M. Crook. On March 23, 1823, he was mar- ried to Miss Sarah Ann Brown, daughter of John Brown, of Baltimore city, eleven children being the fruit of this marriage, seven sons and four daughters, of whom five are living, three sons and two daughters. The oldest daughter, living, Mary Ann, married Dr. Joseph H. Criggs, who is now (1878) a prosperous farmer in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. ‘The oldest son, living, Charles, is a farmer, in Howard County, Maryland. The next oldest son, G. W. M. Crook,is extensively engaged in the shoe business, at 43 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore. Mr. Crook’s first wife died, April 14, 1864, at Mount Pleasant, Anne Arundel County, Mary- land, after a married life of forty-one years of uninter- rupted happiness. She was a lady of superior intelligence and great excellencies of character. George Peabody, the great philanthropist, was a suitor for the hand of Miss Brown at the time she was courted by Mr. Crook. On January 8, 1867, at the age of seventy-three, Mr. Crook married Miss Angelique Leadrich, daughter of John J. Leadrich, of Mollown, Upper Alsace, France, by which marriage he has three children, all daughters. Although now at the age of eighty-five, Mr. Crook exhibits remarka- ble bodily vigor and is in the full possession of all his in- tellectual faculties. ¢ a His life has been one of great activity and usefulness. He was a member and the Secretary of the Baltimore “ Independent Blues” Military Company, Cap- tain A. R. Levering, which was present and displayed great bravery at the battle of North Point, and was the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. nearest company to the advance columns of the British troops. It is the opinion of himself and others that the British General Ross was killed by some of the members of this company, who formed a part of the skirmish line to obstruct the passage of the British troops to the city of Baltimore. He is one of the few surviving members of the gallant band of patriots known as the Old Defenders of Baltimore. ° URTIS, WILLIAM WALLACE, Lawyer, was born 4 Te near Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, Novem- ber 9, 1828. His parents were William and Sally ' Curtis, his mother’s maiden name being Curtis. A singular coincidence is shown in the names of his grandfathers; both bearing the name of Z. Curtis, and both serving throughout the entire war of the Revolution. His mother’s family on the maternal side were lineal de- scendants from the Yale family, of Wales, and his father of the Tompkins family, of New York. In 1809, his parents went to Ohio, accompanied by his mother’s entire family. Her family became one of influence in that then new coun- try, two of her brothers, Hosmer and Henry B., attaining eminence at the bar. Her youngest brother, General Samuel R. Curtis, served with distinction in two Con- gresses, and as a Major-General during the American civil war. His father’s immediate family consisted of eleven children, of whom seven are now living (1879). Mr. Curtis’s early education was received in the common schools of his day, with the addition of one or two terms at an academy. At the age of seventeen, as was then the cus- tom, he was compelled to leave school and start out to pro- vide for himself. At the age of twenty, he commenced a course of reading preparatory to entering the legal profes- sion; but after a short time, he abandoned it for mercantile life. In 1854, he removed to Dixon, Illinois, and opened an extensive hardware establishment. He there married Miss Jane L. Backus, of Brandon, Vermont, October 10, 1855, and removed to Fulton, Illinois, in 1856, and from thence to Washington, D. C., in April, 1861, On his ar- rival at Washington he was appointed to a clerkship in the General Land Office, and soon afterward promoted to the head of one of the principal divisions of that bureau. In 1870, he was constituted Chief Clerk of the office, and served as such during a portion of the administration of Commissioner Wilson, and through the administrations of Commissioners Drummond and Burdett, frequently filling the position of Acting Commissioner. Mr. Curtis resigned his position, January 1, 1876, to enter upon the practice of law as land attorney. On leaving the office he was hon- ored with the most flattering testimonials from his superior officers and others who had been associated with him. He opened his office on Ninth Street, Washington, D. C., and entered upon a prosperous practice, which steadily in- CGrsut 107 creased, until it became necessary to associate others with him, the firm now being known as Curtis, Earle & Bur- dett. He took up his residence, January 1, 1863, in George- town, D. C., in which place he has lived ever since. He has been somewhat largely connected with local matters in that city, being a member of the Council at the time the municipality was ended and the territorial government es- tablished for the District. He has taken an active interest in educational matters under the old corporation, and since, having served continuously on the School Board from 1870, and for three years was Secretary and Treasurer of the Georgetown Board. Shortly after the consolidation of the various Boards of the District, he was elected President of the Consolidated Board and was twice re-elected. Dur- ing the administration of Governors Cook and Shepherd, the erection of a new school building in Georgetown, suitable to the wants of the community, was decided upon. As treasurer of the building committee, the principal labor of superintending the construction and providing means to carry it on fell upon him. After expending forty thousand dollars, no further money could be obtained from the Dis- trict revenues, and an appeal was made to Congress for aid. Mr. Curtis was untiring in his efforts to secure Congres- sional assistance, and finally, with the aid of Superin- tendent Wilson and others, secured an appropriation of fifty thousand eight hundred dollars to complete the build- ing. In recognition of these services, the Board of Trustees named the building the “ Curtis School.” It is an impos- ing and commodious structure, erected at a cost of one hundred and nine thousand dollars; containing in addition to the public schools, the Peabody Library and Linthicum Institute ; also, the Curtis Hall, which serves for purposes of lectures, concerts, ete. To Mr. Curtis, as much as to any one man, are the people of Georgetown indebted for the splendid educational advantages they enjoy. He is a man of superior qualities of head and heart ; of great pub- lic spirit and genial disposition, and in his professional capacity, of more than ordinary ability. Mr. Curtis has had several children, but one of whom is living, his son Charles William Curtis. ONTEE, Honorasie BENJAMIN, D.D., was born in 1755, in Prince George’s County, Maryland. ~*~ On June 29, 1776, he was commissioned Second i Lieutenant in the Continental Army. He was a conscientious, brave, and humane soldier, admired by his brother officers and beloved by his men. When in- dependence was established, he visited France, Spain, and England, and returned home with his mind enriched with thoughtful observations of foreign countries and govern- ments, but retained all his native simplicity which distin- guished him through life. He was a member of Congress 108 in 1787, 1788, 1789 and 1790, and though, from natural diffidence, he seldom spoke, he was justly considered an able representative among great men. He was indefatigable in inquiry, calm in deliberation, profound and correct in judgment, bold, honest and independent in action. After he retired from Congress, he was appointed one of the judges of the Orphans’ Court of Charles County, a position which he filled with credit. Inthe year 1803, he found his true vocation on earth, and was ordained, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Thomas John Claggett, D.D., a clergyman of the Protestant Espiscopal Church, and took charge of the Parish of William and Mary’s, in Charles County, Mary- land. In 1808, Trinity Parish was placed under him, and also, in 1811, St. Paul’s Parish, in Prince George’s County. He was for many years an influential member of the Standing Committee, and, in 1814, came within a few votes of being elected Bishop of the Diocese of Maryland. At the time of his death, in 1816, he was the Chief Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Charles County, Maryland. The striking traits of his character were a quick sense of right and all its obligations of duty, an amiability of disposition which could not be ruffled, a dignity and quiet repose of manner which nothing could disturb, a strength of de- cision, which was softened and made beautifully attrac- tive by the love he bore his fellow-men, and deep piety. He was a refined, cultivated Christian gentleman. ASHMYER, Henry, Member of the City Council Ie of Baltirnore, was born in the Palatinate, one of the “ve Rhenish Provinces, September 6, 1835. He is the i son of Peter and Madaline (Schuinacher) Cashmyer. 2, His father, who was a farmer in the old country, came with his family to America, and settled in Baltimore, in 1839. He soon after engaged in the coopering business, with his two sons, Philip and Augustus, who were older than Henry. Mr. Cashmyer was educated in the parish schools of the city and at St. James’s Roman Catholic Pa- rochial School. When about thirteen years of age, he entered his father’s shop, where he learned the business and became a most thorough and skilful workman. On the breaking out of the war his elder brother went South, where he joined the Confederate service, becoming special agent for General Winder, which position he held until the close of hostilities. Mr. Cashmyer’s father and brother Augustus had just prior to the war removed to a farm in Baltimore .County, leaving him to conduct the business alone, which he did with ability and success. In 1867, he sold out the business, and for one year conducted a restaurant, “ Otta- wa Hall,” at the corner of Pratt and Bond Streets. In 1868, an act was passed by the Legislature, providing for the appointment of four extra magistrates, who spoke the German language, whereupon Governor Swann selected BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Mr. Cashmyer to fill one of these positions. He was suc- cessively appointed by Governors Bowie and Whyte, and continued to exercise the duties of that office with great acceptance and fidelity till 1875, when he resigned his com- mission. In 1871, he was elected to the Second Branch of the City Council for the term of two years; in 1874, he was elected to the First Branch; and in 1875, again re- turned to the Secong Branch; in 1877, and again in 1878, he was re-elected to the First Branch, in which he still holds a seat. In the Council he has been both active and influential. Besides holding prominent and responsible positions on the regularstanding committees, he was Chair- man of the Special Committee appointed, in 1876, to inves- tigate the accounts of the several departments of the city government, on which occasion he made a majority report. He was also a member of the Special Committees on the contested election of William Baker versus Joseph Ma- caully, and J. J. Butler versus J. F. Sommerlock. He was also a member of the committee who visited Washington to try to secure an appropriation for a new Custom-house and Post-office. Few men have been more successful in political affairs in the city, or enjoyed greater popularity than Mr. Cashmyer. He is the President and active busi- ness manager of the Providential Life Insurance Company, a loan branch of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of Baltimore. He was married, in 1864, to Miss Mary Eliza- beth Zinkand, of Baltimore. They have four children liv- ing, Annie, Harry A., Joseph C., and Clara F. Oo se JoHN WESLEY CRONIN, Physician and Nis Surgeon, son of John P. and Ruth C. Cuddy, was born in Baltimore County, April 7, 1840. His i. grandfather, Captain Lawson Cuddy, bore a brave P and conspicuous part in the war of 1812-15. Dr. Cuddy pursued a classical and scientific course at Calvert College, New Windsor, Maryland, and received at its con- clusion the.degree of Master of Arts. He was decidedly literary in his tastes and intended to fit himself for a pro- fessorship, but on leaving college he was induced by the family physician, Dr. Joshua R. Nelson, to commence the study of medicine. He accordingly placed himself under the instruction of the celebrated Prof. Nathan R. Smith, the acknowledged leader in medicine and surgery, in Bal- timore, and also attended a thorough course of lectures at the University of Maryland, from which he received, in March, 1863, his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He was for sixteen months assistant surgeon in the Federal army during the late war, and was stationed in the hospitals of Washington and Alexandria. Since that time he has pur- sued a highly successful private practice in Baltimore, re- siding at 363 Franklin Street. He was united in marriage, March 17, 1863, with Laura C. Graham of that city. He se ee ye c KL pary = A Dr ey BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. is decidedly conservative in religion and politics, endeav- oring to keep the happy mean between all extremes, and to hold fast all that is good, rejecting whatever seems to him unworthy. He is a man of fine personal appearance. His manner is exceedingly pleasant, frank and cordial, in- spiring instant confidence in his character and skill. He holds a deservedly high rank in his profession, and is greatly esteemed in the community. His only child, Clar- ence Eugene Cuddy, is nine years of age. ARMICHAEL, Wittiam, Commissioner of Balti- (8 more County, was born in that part of the city of Boones Baltimore called Old Town, February 5, 1810, His maternal grandfather, Jeremiah Kirkpatrick, was born March 10, 1785, in County Antrim, Ireland, and died March 3, 1814. His paternal grand-parents were both natives of Scotland. His father, Dugald Carmichael, died in 1812, when his son William was only two years of age. He was a tall, fine-looking man, intelligent and exceedingly fond of books. His circumstances were comfortable, but having indorsed notes for others, his property and fine li- brary were scattered at his death. His wife, Mary Hay- den Carmichael, was left with ten young helpless children, nearly all of whom, after a hard struggle on the part of their mother to give them the comforts of life, found a home among strangers. Of them all, the subject of this sketch is now the only survivor. His father had been an Episco- palian, but his mother, now brought under Methodist influ- ence, became an attendant at that church. She sent her son William to the Male Free School, taught by Thomas Bassford, which was then and is still under Methodist aus- pices. Here he was educated, having as his classmates, Wendel Bollman, Rev. Isaac P. Cook, and other promi- nent, self-made men-of the city. He was also greatly in- debted to the Sunday-school he attended, for the means of cultivation he enjoyed. At the age of thirteen he was ap- prenticed to Mr. Christian Abell, an honest butcher, but a man very careful of his money, who deemed it his duty to train William to the strictest and most economical habits. The latter still amuses his friends with accounts of the hard- ships of his boyhood, and relates many incidents illustra- ting the difference between the treatment of apprentices at that day and the present. He completed his apprenticeship at the age of twenty-one, and served as journeyman butcher under several parties, until 1833, when he started in the same business for himself, conducting it successfully until the year 1864, when he resigned it into the hands of his son, Thomas Eugene, still, however, rendering him valua- ble assistance. Mr. Carmichael was considered a model man in his business; was very popular, and acquired a handsome competence. Since his retirement he has de- voted much of his time to his children, and to the interests 15 ‘is a member. 109 of the Whatcoat Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he He has taken much interest in the improve- ment of the county schools, and as Trustee of Clifton School, No. 4, has been exceedingly faithful and efficient. He is also a Director of the Commercial and Farmers’ National Bank, President of the Newington Land and Loan Company, of Baltimore city, an honorary position, and Treasurer of the Newington Building Association, one of the best ever organized in Baltimore. In politics, Mr. Carmichael has always been a Democrat. When it was known that he would accept the office of Commissioner of Baltimore County, both political parties indorsed him, and he was elected by an overwhelming vote. No one more acceptable to the people generally could have been selected for that position. Mr, Carmichael is a man of strict integ- rity, of a frank, social and charitable disposition. He was first married to Eugenia, daughter of Captain William Zachary, so long and so well known to the citizens of East Baltimore. Their children now living are, Thomas Eu- gene, who married Margaret C. Smith; Mary Louise, wife of Wm. H. Harker; Elizabeth Lee, who married Dr. G. W. Norris; Annie Moore, wife of Samuel Messersmith; and Melville Wilson Carmichael. The present wife of Mr, Carmichael is Margaret E., daughter of Jacob Hoff, also a well-known and highly respected citizen of Baltimore. She is greatly esteemed and beloved in church and chari- table circles.. She has two children, Adaline Eugenia and William Jacob. Although in his seventieth year, Mr. Car- michael still exhibits great mental and bodily vigor, and his life continues to be one of great activity and usefulness, Newmarket, Dorchester County, Maryland, in 1836. In 1839, his parents removed to the city of Baltimore, where the subject of this sketch received his early education. At the age of fourteen years, he left school and went into the grocery and commission business, on the wharf, in which he remained about three years, when he became employed as bookkeeper, by a large shipbuilding firm. In 1857, he was appointed q clerk in the State Tobacco Warehouse, but not finding this posi- tion sufficiently lucrative, he resigned at the end of eigh- teen months, and accepted the post of clerk in the office of Register of Wills for Baltimore city, where the close confinement to his duties proved, in a short time, so inju- rious to his health, that he was again compelled to resign, He then, through the influence of Governor Thomas II, Hicks, of Maryland, obtained an appointment, October 7, 1861, as an Assistant-Paymaster in the United States Navy; sailed from Philadelphia, in December, in the gun-boat Itasca, commanded by C. H. B. Caldwell, and joined the IIo East Gulf Blockading Squadron, at that time under the command of Flag Officer McKean, but who was soon afterwards relieved by Rear Admiral Farragut. Paymas- ter Pritchard was attached to the Itasca for two years, dur- ing which time that vessel was engaged in all the fights on the Mississippi River, prominent among which were those at Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Manshac Bend, etc. Previous to the first-named engagement, the Itasca succeeded in cutting the chain ex- tending across the river, by means of a number of small vessels, for the purpose of obstructing and preventing the passage of the Federal fleet, on its way to the city of New Orleans. He was wounded, in the fall of 1862, and sent to a hospital in New Orleans, where he remained for two months; but so serious was his injury, and so tardy his recovery, that he was sent North for treatment, and was altogether incapacitated from duty for seven months. At the expiration of that time, he rejoined his vessel, and remained with her until her return North, for repairs, in September, 1863, when he was detached, and ordered at once to the United States Steamer Wyalusing. The Wya- lusing proceeded to the Sounds of North Carolina, for the purpose of attempting to capture or destroy the Confede- rate Ram Albemarle, but, engaging that vessel, after a few hours’ hot fighting, the ram retreated up the Roanoke River, where she remained until destroyed by Lieutenant Cushing. The Wyalusing afterwards assisted at the cap- ture of Plymouth, in 1864. In this same year, the sub- ject of this sketch was promoted to the full rank of Pay- master. In the summer of 1865, he was detached, and, after settling accounts, was ordered to the United States Steamer Ticonderoga, Captain Charles Steadman, and sailed, the following autumn, from Philadelphia, to join the European Squadron. Stopping for a few days at the Azores, the vessel arrived at Lisbon, in December, and, during forty months that she remained on the station, visit- ed almost every sea-port town from Cronstadt, in Russia, which place she visited with Admiral Farragut, to St. Paul de Loando, on the coast of Africa, including that of Con- stantinople. In the autumn of 1869, Paymaster Pritchard joined the United States Steamer Benicia, Captain S. Nicholson, and sailing from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, bound for China, touched at Rio de Janeiro, the Cape of Good Hope, Anger Point, in Java, and Singapore, arriv- ing at Hong Kong, China, in July or August, 1870. After visiting several Chinese and Japanese ports, he arrived at Yokohama, Japan, towards the end of 1871, and there his health became so much impaired, that he was sent home to the United States, by recommendation of 2 medical board of survey. Having recovered from his illness, he joined the United States Steamer Saranac, Captain Thomas S. Phelps, at Panama, and in this vessel, which soon after his arrival became the flag ship of Rear Admiral A. M. Pennock, commanding the North Pacific Squadron, he visited, during eighteen months, all the sea-ports from Pan- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ama, northward, to Sitka, Alaska Territory, the beautiful sheet of water, Puget’s Sound, and the Sandwich Islands. Having been detached from the Saranac, after settling his accounts, he was ordered, January, 1875, to the United States Steamer Powhatan, Captain James E. Jonett, and sailed that same month for Europe, having on board Rear Admiral John L. Worden, the relief of Rear Admiral Case, then commanding the European Squadron, the latter officer returning to the United States in the vessel, which touched at the West India Islands on her homeward voy- age. Having been detached from the Powhatan, July 26, 1877, Mr. Pritchard passed a few months at his residence, but, on January 28, 1878, he was again obliged to leave his home to join the United States Steamer training-ship, Minnesota, at New York, where he is now on duty. By strict integrity, and a prompt and faithful discharge of all the duties required of him, Paymaster Pritchard has won for himself an enviable reputation as an officer and a gen- tleman; while his pleasing address, genial manners, and kindly disposition, never failed to attract all with whom he is brought in contact, and have made him highly es- teemed by all who know him. ie . James H., Mayor of the city of Annapo- Spl lis, the third son of Joshua and Mary (Todd) f j Brown, was born in Frederick County, Maryland, i, i January 15, 1841. He was educated at St. John’s oe, College, Annapolis, remaining in that institution three years. He then spent two years on his father’s farm in Frederick County, after which he superintended for three years a milling property also owned by his father. Returning to Annapolis in 1861 he learned telegraphy, but after a few months went into the employ of the Adams Express Company, where he continued two years. In 1863 he became conductor on the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail- road, which position he still holds. He was elected Mayor of Annapolis in July, 1877, on the Democratic ticket for the term of two years. In this office he is exerting himself to reduce the city debt, which amounts to $36,000. He is also giving special attention to the educational interests of the city, which he regards as of fundamental importance to the prosperity of the people. He was married, Septem- ber 7, 1865 to Miss Matilda McCullough, by whom he has one child, Matilda Margaret. While not a politician, Mr. Brown takes a deep interest in public affairs, and votes the Democratic ticket. He attends the Methodist Church, and contributes to its support, but is not a member. While comparatively young in years, Mr. Brown has, by his cour- teous manners and gentlemanly bearing, secured the esteem and confidence of the community in which he lives, and is qualified to fill yet higher positions of honor and usefulness. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. BYR ROWN, JosHua, President of the Annapolis and yy Elk Ridge Railroad, from 1863 to 1873, was alg born October 28, 1807, in Frederick County, g Maryland, the eldest son of Vachel Brown, who & owned a valuable estate in that county, and was possessed of many slaves. His ancestors came to Ameri- ca early in the eighteenth century. The maternal grand- father of Mr. Brown was a Baptist clergyman, who was sent from Ireland to this country as a missionary, and labored in that capacity in this State and Virginia. He married a Miss Hyatt in the old family mansion on the estate which the original Hyatts settled, and which has descended to the Browns. Mr. Joshua Brown was brought up on the farm and received such education as the public schools of the time afforded. He early commenced busi- ness as a merchant, but soon relinquished it to engage in railroad construction. In this he was very successful, and rapidly acquired a considerable fortune. He had large contracts on the principal roads of the State, among which may be mentioned the Baltimore and Ohio and the North- ern Central. When the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail- road was projected, he obtained the contract for building the whole of it, and completed it in 1841. He was im- mediately elected superintendent, which position he filled with marked ability and success for the long period of twenty-two years. In 1863, having obtained a controlling interest in the road, he was chosen President of the cor- poration, which office he held for ten years, when he re- signed, and retired to his farm in Frederick County, where he remained until his death, which occurred January 2, 1878. Mr. Brown was very able as a business man, kind and be- nevolent in his disposition, and highly respected. He was for two years Mayor of Annapolis, in which city he resided for over thirty years. He was twice married. In politics he was a Whig, and in religion a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MATES, JAMES, was born in Marietta, Lancaster §; County, Pennsylvania, September 16, 1816. His father was a native of Springfield, Windsor County, Vermont, born 1780, and his mother was born in Stowe, Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 1785. Early in life his father settled in Boston, and was engaged inthe business of contractor and builder of warehouses. After remaining in Boston several years, he settled in Ma- rietta, Pennsylvania, and removed to Baltimore in 1810. He soon returned to Marietta, however, and remained there several years, and finally settled permanently in Bal- timore. He died at the age of seventy-four. The mother of James Bates died two years subsequently. Six brothers of Mr. Bates’s grandfather were killed at the battle of Bunker Hill in the memorable bayonet charge during that hotly contested engagement. The subject of this sketch lil .was sent, at the age of fifteen, to Wilbraham Academy, a Methodist Institution of which Rev. Wilbur Fisk, D.D., was then the principal. Among his fellow-students there were many who have won for themselves honorable dis- tinction in the various professions and in other walks of life. Of these we may name Rev. Doctor Keener, one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, the late well-known and highly esteemed Rev. Thomas Sew- all, D.D., of Maryland, and John N. Maffett, Jr., son of Rev. John Newland Maffett, the distinguished Irish pulpit orator, who formerly resided in Boston. Mr. Bates com- menced his studies with a view to one of the learned pro- fessions, but at their close he abandoned his original inten- tion and resolved to learn a mechanical trade. He chose the business of an iron founder for his life work, and, ac- cordingly, entered the establishment of John Barker & Son, North Calvert Street, Baltimore, their foundry being at that time the largest in the State. It was there all the castings for the Baltimore and Ohio, and other railroads then being constructed, were made. In 1840, he com- menced a small foundry of his own near his present local- ity, corner of Pratt and President Streets, and as his busi- ness increased the buildings were enlarged until it is now (1878) one of the oldest and largest foundries in the city of Baltimore. Several years ago he patented an elevator for warehouses, that is now used in almost every city and town in the United States, and has become of world-wide fame. Mr. Bates is atthe present time a director in the Marine Bank, Broadway Savings Bank, and Fireman’s In- surance Company. He is also connected with the Poor Association. He has been frequently solicited to permit the use of his name asa candidate for the City Council, and also to the State Legislature, but has always declined, having no desire for political preferment. Mr. Bates was married, in 1838, to Miss Frances R. Atkinson, daughter of the late Joshua Atkinson, who was a Representative in the City Council, of East Baltimore, for many years, and filled many important positions in Baltimore at that day. They have had six children: Elizabeth, Emily O., Fanny (the last-named deceased), John, Joshua A., James W., and Wil- bur Fisk Bates. The sons are all with their father, except James W., who is engaged in the coal-shipping business. His children are all married, except the last-named. In 1850, Mr. Bates became a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, in which he now holds important official positions. yO ees FELIX, was born February 17, 1813, < at Baltimore, Maryland. His ancestors on apes his father’s side came from Ireland; on his te. mother’s side, from England. His father, Fe- lix McCurley, was a native of York County, Pennsylvania, and fought onthe American side in the war 112 of 1812. He was for about forty years engaged with suc- cess in the grocery business in Baltimore. He had seven children, of whom Felix and his brother James are the only survivors. Mr. Felix McCurley, the subject of this sketch, was educated in Baltimore. When seventeen years of age he became apprentice for four years at the car- penter business to John Colley... Having completed his apprenticeship, he entered his father’s grocery store. After aiding his father for about four years, he began the grocery business on his own account, which he has ever since con- tinued. In 1848 and 1867, he was a member of the Balti- more City Council. He has been director in the Drovers’ and Mechanics’ Bank. He isa member of the Masonic In 1841, he married Ann R., daughter of John They have five children liv- ing, three sons and two daughters. Mr. McCurley is one of Baltimore’s substantial citizens. By a long business career, characterized by industry, perseverance, and sagac- ity, he has secured a handsome competence. His paper has never been protested; his bills, at maturity, have been promptly met. In politics, he isa Democrat. Clear in his perceptions, careful and sound in his conclusions, and _re- liable in integrity, he is eminently fitted for places of trust and responsibility; but being naturally retiring, he has rarely sought political office, and has always shrunk from public prominence. His strong emotional nature, genial spirit, and kindly acts have endeared him to his many friends. Fraternity. Mcllhinney, of Baltimore. ELLY, Daniet JAMes, A.M., M.D., was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, September 23, 1844. He is h the son of John and Bride Kelly. His father i represented an old mercantile family, which had been p settled in Kilkenny for over one hundred and fifty years. When Daniel was quite young, his mother died, and his father married his second wife, u Miss O’ Hanlon, a sister of the celebrated Dr. O’ Hanlon, the very reverend prefect of the Dunboyne Establishment, Maynooth, and one of the most eminent divines in the British kingdom. The subject of this sketch was educated, for several years, at Kilkenny College, finishing the course before he reached his fifteenth year, He then went to Stonyhurst College, England, where he graduated, in 1863. While at college, he was distinguished for his superior talent, constant ap- plication, and rapid success. He gave especial attention to the study of chemistry, and had as instructors such emi- nent scientists as Professors Perry, of Stonyhurst, and Barff, of University College, London. After graduating at Stonyhurst College, Dr. Kelly was made first assistant in the Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory at- tached to Stonyhurst. He subsequently held the profes- sorship of physics and mathematics in the college. At the early age of twenty-five he had thoroughly mastered the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. classics. He began the study of medicine under Mr. Brad- ley, F.R.C.S., of Manchester, England, and graduated at the Medical Department of Georgetown University, Dis- trict of Columbia, in 1874. At the present time (1878) he is the Professor of Chemistry and Physiology in the Aca- demical Department, and of Chemistry and Toxicology in the Medical Department of Georgetown University. He is a member of the “‘ Medical Association,’’ and of the “ Med- ical Society,” of the District of Columbia. Besides the duties attaching to his professorships, he has an extensive practice, and is one of the physicians to St. Ann’s Infant Asylum. The many students who have had the good for- tune to be under the guidance in college of Dr. Kelly have all been noted for that thoroughness which characterizes the curriculum in the higher universities. Dr. Kelly is not only distinguished for his attainments in medicine, science, mathematics, classics, and chemistry, but is noted for his devotion to principle, and the kindly disposition displayed in the lecture-room, as well as in the daily rounds of a physician’s life. He has never been married, although a great favorite in society circles. He is fond of scientific researches and devotes much of his time to literature, Eng- lish, Latin, and Greek. He speaks French and German fluently. While in England, he was a frequent contribu- tor to periodical literature, writing many articles for The Month, Dublin Review, Notes and Queries, and other periodicals. 2 a EAT, WILLIAM, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, pecs October 13, 1829. The names of his parents were ee John and Elizabeth (Cadzow) Peat. His father died when he was two and a half years old, and his mother afterward married a Mr. William King. Mr. Peat was educated at the Dalziel Common School, in Scotland. After leaving school, his stepfather placed him in the Windmill Hill Stone Quarries, where he learned his trade, serving four years. He then, for six years, worked on the tomb of the Duke of Hamilton. In 1853, he came to America, and worked at his trade, in New York, until 1858, during which time he married Miss Cris- tinia Riddell. He then came to Baltimore and worked for Mr. Whitelaw until the year 1866, when, entering into partnership with Mr. Dennis Sullivan, he began the stone business, at the corner of Madison and Forrest Streets. He has since been greatly prospered. He is now engaged in a very large business, which has required long journeys into the Eastern and Southern States. Mr. Peat acquired his early religious education in the Presbyterian Church, of which, in Scotland, he was a member. _ Politi- cally he is a Democrat. His first wife died in 1861. On February 16, 1864, he married Miss Mary Virginia Pat- terson, only daughter of Captain William and Martha (Lennox) Patterson. By this union he has had six chil- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. dren, three of whom are living. The others died in in- fancy. The struggles of Mr. Peat in his early business career served to mature and develop those higher qualities of mind which are leading traits in his character. Untiring industry, persistent attention to business, and a strictly conscientious regard not only to the fulfilment of con- tracts, but to the uniform excellence of material, adjust- ments, and niceties, which are apt to escape the notice of even the practiced eye, have become a component part of his being. Though most of his time has been devoted to his business, he has been able so to give attention to study as to enrich his mind in literature and in the physical and metaphysical sciences. He is regarded in the community not only as a reliable and successful business man, but as a man of large heart, and a valuable and true friend. CAT yDAD. EM) EID, ConrAbD, was born, August 15, 1840, at ie Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. He attended the government schools until he was fourteen years of age, when, for a few years, he assisted his father in the tailor business in Germany. In his seven- teenth year he left Germany, with his father, for America, reaching Baltimore October 10, 1857. In Baltimore he continued to assist his father until 1864, when he began the merchant tailor business on his own account, in which he has ever since continued. Mr. Meid takes much interest in music, and delights to foster musical talent. For two years he was Treasurer and three years the President of the Harmonic Singing Association. Under his superintendency it rapidly increased in members and soon became a first- class musical association. He fs a member of the Masonic fraternity. He has been much interested in educational matters and in the establishment and furtherance of mo- rality and religion. For about fourteen years he has been a member of the German Reformed Church. He has been President of the School Board of the German Re- formed St. John’s congregation. In 1874, he aided in organizing the Reformed Zion’s congregation, of Balti- more, of which he was unanimously elected President. In 1874, he also helped to organize the German Central Bank, of Baltimore, and so highly was he regarded for business talent and sagacity that he was unanimously elected President of that institution, which position he still holds. On May 12, 1864, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis Schmick, of Baltimore. He has six children. In his intercourse with others, Mr. Meid is affable, kindly, and generous, and, whether in business or philanthropic work, has always shown himself to be a true man, ever ready to lend a helping hand to any who needed his advice or assistance, and in every way proved himself a good citizen of his adopted country. 113 eno: ww SAU LIZZARD, CHARLES H., was born in Baltimore, Maryland, May 6, 1832. His parents were Caleb Stansberry and Mary (Thomas) Blizzard. His | great-grandfather, Caleb Stansberry, was one of the first settlers of the State. He was in the army of the Revolution, and his sons fought in the war of 1812. They were all farmers, and possessed of consider- able means. His grandfather, Isaiah Blizzard, was a French Huguenot. He died in early life, and his wife also, leaving two young children, Caleb Stansberry Blizzard and a younger sister, who were brought up by their mother’s father, Caleb Stansberry. This gentleman lived to the age of ninety-nine years. At his death he set all his slaves free. The father of the subject of this sketch is a resi- dent of Hempstead, Carroll County, Maryland. He has always been a member of the Methodist Church, as first organized in this country, having united with it in his youth. He is now in his seventy-seventh year, and as active as a man of fifty. He never drank a drop of intox- icating liquors in his life,and never used tobacco in any form. His wife, Mary Thomas, was from the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and of good family. When their son, Charles H., was four years of age they removed to Owen’s Mills, Baltimore County, and remained four years, after which they removed to Carroll County, return- ing when he was thirteen years of age to the neighborhood of Owen’s Mills. He there found his first opportunity to attend school, but then only in the winter season; the other months of the year he was kept busy on the farm, He afterwards attended the Franklin Academy at Reister- town. When eighteen years of age he came to Baltimore to learn the butcher business, but it being repugnant to him, he returned to farming. In January, 1854, he went West as far as the State of Illinois, where, during that year, he married Miss Mary A. Kingsley. The next June they returned to Baltimore. -In 1857, he was appointed on the first uniformed police force, in the city of Baltimore, in which he faithfully served until the breaking out of the war in 1861, when he took charge of a farm until 1863. He then re-entered the police service, in which he remained five years, and resigned to become sexton of old St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church, at the corner of Sharp and German Streets. In July, 1869, the society, having’ sold the old church, commenced the erection of the new one on the corner of Druid Hill Avenue and Lanvale Street. During all the four years in which this was building, they kept Mr. Blizzard on his regular salary. This afforded him a great deal of leisure, which he turned to the best account in learning undertaking and cabinetmaking, and, in 1876, he established himself in the undertaking and livery business, erecting for this purpose the elegant build- ing occupying Nos. 197 and 201 Pennsylvania Avenue. Here he has ever since conducted the business with very great success. In 1874, he invented a patent case for the preservation of bodies in ice, which is acknowledged to 114 be one of the best in the country. He still continues the sexton of St. Peter’s Church, of which he is also a member. He has five children, William H., Mary Kate, George H., Albert Littell, and Annie May, the oldest of whom is twenty-two years of age, and the youngest twelve. Mr. Blizzard is a member of and has held high offices in most of the following orders: the Free Masons, Odd Fel- lows, Red Men, Independent Mechanics, American Me- chanics, Unknown Friends, Knights of the Golden Star, and Sons of Temperance. In his political affiliations he was formerly a Whig, and is now a Republican. WY ORWOOD, SUMMERFIELD, Merchant, was born, AN May 5, 1823, in Baltimore, Maryland. His an- : cestors were among the earliest settlers in the D. His grandfather, Elijah Nor- p wood, was licensed to preach by that earnest Chris- tian worker, Bishop Francis Asbury, and became one of the earliest and most devoted preachers of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Maryland. His father, John Nor- wood, began mercantile business in Baltimore, in 1819. After a few years, he established a large and prosperous trade on a solid basis. Though an old-line Whig, and firm in his political views, he sought no political honors, and when offered they were declined. Having accumulated what money he thought he needed, he gave up his busi- ness to his son Summerfield, in 1856. The mother of Mr. S. Norwood, Margaret Samuel, born in Cardiff, Wales, in 1796, came over with her father to New York, in 1810. She was a handsome woman, of engaging manners, and cultivated mind; 2 member of the Baptist Church, and a thorough Christian. The government of her children, though thorough and effective, was a government of love. In her was an illustration of the good wife and the pru- dent and loving mother. Even now the thoughts of her children never turn toward her but with the warmest affec- tion. Mr. Summerfield Norwood, the eldest son of John Norwood, received his elementary education in his father’s house, under the able teaching of Osburn W. Mulligan, a graduate of St. John’s College, of Annapolis, Maryland, who was for several years the family tutor. His instruc- tions under the home roof were thorough, and consisted mainly of the English branches and the higher mathe- matics. At the age of eighteen he entered his father’s store, where he had the advantage of that careful training, which his father was so well able to give, and the results of which were to be exhibited in the creditable success of his future life. He continued in the store as chief assistant, until 1856, when his father having confidence in his integ- rity, practical knowledge, and ability, gave the entire busi- ness into his hands. The result justified the confidence thus bestowed. Mr. Norwood, as his father’s successor, American colonies. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. conducted the business with such care, skill and attention, that he added greatly to its extent, and by prudent and successful management acquired a handsome competence. Mr. Norwood has never married. He is, however, of a deeply affectionate nature, and during his life has exem- plified in his acts the solicitude and kindness of a father. He has educated two of his nephews and brought them up with the care and affection of a parent. His services as a friend have not been confined to his own kindred. Many in need have received from him a kindly, helping hand, and many a worthy mechanic has been aided by advice and practical assistance in getting a start in the world. His acts of beneficence are disinterested and without show, and rarely does any one but the person helped know that aid has been given. Though firm in his political views, he is ‘not a partisan; though well fitted to adorn positions of trust and responsibility, he has held no political office. Of late years, he has peremptorily refused to have his name used as a nominee, As an employer, he is forbearing and kind; asa friend, true and firm. By his dependents he is cheer- fully obeyed and revered; and by his friends, honored and loved. A member of the Methodist Church, he is always ready, cheerfully and liberally, to lend a hand in its main- tenance and growth. Useful as a citizen, of the strictest integrity as a merchant, conspicuous for honesty as a man, diligent in business, his life furnishes an example that has made its impress on the community in which he lives, and his business career has been an honor to the house of which he is the respected head. and Elizabeth (Knight) Bians, was born in New be Castle, Delaware, March 18, 1834. His father was, ‘s-» at that time, superintendent of the famous Raybold establishment, the first great fruit farm of that State. In 1840, he purchased a farm in Cecil County, Maryland, to which he removed, and where he remained till 1846, when he took up his residence in Baltimore, and entered into mercantile business. Accordingly, part of the childhood of Mr. Bians was spent in Delaware, and part on the farm in Cecil County. After he was twelve years of age, his home was in Baltimore. Here he attended the public school for about six months, when, on account of the fail- ure of his father in business, he was obliged to commence labor to assist in the family support, and spent a year in the employ of parties engaged in stripping tobacco. After this he was, for three years, an errand boy with Mr. John T. Watkins, furniture dealer. While here, determined not to fall behind other boys of his age, he purchased with his own money, books and writing materials, and would sit up until midnight, studying and perfecting himself in penman- Wa IANS, WILLIAM H., President of the Annapolis SA and Elkridge Railroad, the eldest son of John \ . \\ \\\ ty NY NY Wy \ \ WY M pee Yi cc D, & Printing tt a Ly fr Prantl TR vi BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ship. At the age of sixteen, he was apprenticed to Thomas H. Rice, to learn the block and pump making business, Three years later, restless, and longing for change, he left ‘the employ of Mr. Rice and went to sea on the ship Wil- liam Weatherby, and also made voyages on the schooners Jane N. Baker and Emma Jane, visiting the ports of Mo- bile, Pensacola, New Orleans, and New York. He passed in this manner, a period of four years, when he left the sea, hired a set of tools, and started out through Calvert, St. Mary’s, and Charles counties, making pumps for the agri- culturists. After spending several years in this business, he went to Florida, and was engaged for a year and a half in the navy yard at Pensacola, following his trade. He then returned with the sum of eight hundred dollars in his possession, the first money he had been able to save in all these years of toil, With this he resolved to lay a good foundation for the future. Finding there was nothing doing at that time in his line of business in Baltimore, he embraced the opportunity to gratify a long-cherished desire for study, and entered Gallagher’s Mercantile College. The year that he spent here was the turning-point of his life. He acquired a fund of knowledge, and the power of using it, that made him feel himself a new man. He now set out afresh in life, determined to make for himself a name and a place. He was about starting for Texas, when he was met by Mr. John W. Davis, then a paymaster on the Baltimore and Ohio Ralroad, who advised him against the trip he had in contemplation, and urged him instead to take a position on that road. Mr. Bians accepted his advice, and began as a brakeman for two years; he then became bag- gage-master, and early in 1861 was made conductor. At this post, all the apparent hardships and roughness of his early life, had conspired to make him just the man that was needed for the troubled times that followed immedi- ately afterwards. He became famous for the promptness, skill, decision, and cool courage with which he executed all his trusts, and for the implicit confidence with which he might be relied upon in an emergency. He was the con- ductor who took General Butler from Annapolis to the Relay House, with two regiments, one from New York, and one from Massachusetts. The vast multitudes of the North- ern army were continually passing over his route. Gen- erals Howard and Franklin, in citizen’s dress, were on his train at the time the Confederates under General Bradley Johnson invaded Maryland. He made the usual stop at College Station, when the rebel cavalry came swiftly upon them, but he quickly started his train at great speed, and ran through and escaped them. On the night that Lincoln was assassinated, he ran a train to Washington at four A.M., with special detectives to assist in the capture of Booth. When George Peabody, almost in a dying condition, came to America for the last time, the road detailed Mr. Bians as special conductor to take him on a special train with the party of bankers and gentlemen who accompanied him to the White Sulphur Springs. In 1873, he became tired of 11s this kind of life, and went to Kansas and other places, deal- ing in real estate, until January, 1876, when he was elected President of the Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad. He had been, in 1875, elected a director in this road, which under his management has greatly improved. He has im- proved the road-bed, had new ties made, new buildings, and introduced whatever changes would conduce to the efficiency of the road and the comfort and convenience of the passengers. In consequence of this wise and efficient management, the road has made more money in the last In 1875, he gave his father and mother the deed of a house and lot for a home in the city of Baltimore, in which they are still residing. Mr. Bians was married, in 1866, to Miss Elizabeth James Salmon, a lovely woman, who died in 1876, leaving him two children, Laura Virginia and William Salmon Bians, one child having died previously. Mr. Bians and his children reside with the parents of his wife, in Baltimore city. two years than in the ten previous. mans G ere Feitx, M.D., was born in Baltimore, Maryland, October 11, 1825. Receiving his early + education at the best private schools, he entered, a At the age of thirteen years, St. Mary’s College, Bal- at timore, where he pursued his studies diligently for six years, going through the regular course of that institu- tion, and graduating with honor. His collegiate education finished, he commenced the reading of medicine in the of- fice of the late Dr. Dunbar; applied himself closely to the study of the medical science for,over five years, and grad- uated at the Maryland University with distinguished honor, in the spring of 1850. The graduating class of that year was one of the most eminent that ever went forth from that institution. Dr. Jenkins also enjoyed the advantages of a resident studentship at the Baltimore County Almshouse, for one year after graduating, when it was under the medi- cal care of Dr. Thomas Buckler and Dr. W. H. Baxley. The thorough course of study he had thus pursued particu- larly qualified him for the position which was then con- ferred upon him, that of resident physician at the Baltimore Infirmary, the duties of which were ably and acceptably discharged by him for five years. The manner in which he acquitted himself, whilst occupying that important posi- tion, is indicated in a letter written by that eminent physi- cian, Dr. George W. Miltenberger, in 1860, wherein, whilst recommending Dr. Jenkins for a certain medical ap- pointment, he thus speaks of him: “ I have known Dr. Felix Jenkins well and intimately for many years, and, whether as a gentleman or physician, I have yet to hear, from any source, one word to his detriment.” His character and conduct, professionally and otherwise, also received the unqualified approbation of the medical faculty, Upon leaving the Baltimore Infirmary, Dr. Jenkins was elected, 116 for three years, physician of the Baltimore General Dis- pensary; but before the expiration of that time, he found it necessary to resign the position on account of his exten- sive private practice, which demanded his exclusive at- tention. Through his rare professional skill and attain- ments, and the conscientious discharge of his duties as a phy- sician, he has built upa large and lucrative practice. Dr. Jen- kins’s father was Felix Jenkins, a native of Charles County, Maryland, who was a lineal descendant of Thomas Jen- kins, a brave soldier of the American Revolutionary war, and who was taken prisoner during the war and placed on board of a British prison ship, in the harbor of New York, suffering all the cruel and barbarous treatment which the English inflicted upon their captives. His ancestors, for over five generations, were born in Charles County, Mary- land, and were of Welsh origin, emigrating to this country at the same time Lord Baltimore came over. Felix Jen- kins, Sr., married Miss Fanny H. Wheeler, daughter of Benjamin Wheeler, of Harford County, Maryland, a lady of most exemplary Christian character, devoted to all good works. Such are her kindly, maternal traits, that she still treats Dr. Jenkins with the same tender solicitude as when he was a mere boy. Dr. Jenkins married, May, 1861, Miss Nancy Jenkins (a distant relative), daughter of William S. Jenkins, of Adams County, Pennsylvania, and has had five children. During the late civil war, he was an ardent and unwavering supporter of the National Government. He is a devoted and consistent member of the Roman Catholic Church, and by the faithful discharge of all the duties re- quired of him in the varied relations of life, has won the esteem and confidence of the community. Germany. His parents, Moses and Ella Gutman, were also natives of Germany. Mr. Gutman’s fa- L ther was in the military service during the war of 1814, and distinguished himself for bravery. After the downfall of Napoleon, he engaged in mercantile busi- ness, in which he continued until his death. Mr. Gutman received an elementary education, and when fourteen years of age, entered a mercantile house in Buchen by Oden- wald, where, according to the custom in the old country, he served an apprenticeship of several years, and, having learned the business, went to the city of Wurtzburg, in his eighteenth year, and entered into the employ of a firm engaged in the wholesale drygoods trade, filling the posi- tion-of salesman. He remained there until 1849, when, on account of the disturbed condition of affairs in Europe, re- sulting from the revolution of 1848, he emigrated to Amer- ica. Embarking in a sailing vessel at London, he landed in New York, in July, 1849, after a tedious voyage of thirty- g (QEUTMAN, JorL, Merchant, was born September 3, oy 1829, at Merchingen, Grand Duchy of Baden, ¢ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. five days, in striking contrast with an ocean voyage by steam navigation to-day. On his arrival in New York, he went directly to Baltimore, where one of his brothers re- sided. Being unable to find employment there, he went to Virginia, and merchandised in a small way. Commencing thus, and being a stranger, with no knowledge of the Eng- lish language, he had a difficult struggle to secure a foot- hold in business, but he finally succeeded so well that in the summer of 1852, he was able to return to Baltimore and enter into partnership with his brother. In 1853, the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. Gut- man commenced business on his own account at No. 29 North Eutaw Street. He continued to do a small dry- goods business there until 1866, when, finding the space too contracted for his business requirements, he bought the property opposite, and built the iron front warehouse, at present occupied by him at Nos. 34 and 36 North Eutaw Street, and later leased the adjoining premises for the pur- poses of his business. His store is now one of the largest and most complete establishments of the kind in the city. When his new building was erected there were not many improvements in that locality, and his house was regarded as a great addition to the business structures in that part of the city. The style of his firm at present is Joel Gutman & Co., Mr. F. Nassauer being his associate, and their busi- ness, which is conducted on the one-price system, is con- fined principally to silks, laces, fine dress goods, and trim- mings. They import their choicest and finest goods direct from the European manufacturers, and Mr. Gutman was abroad several times to establish his business correspond- ents. The business of the house has been steadily increas- ing, from year to year, owing to its widespread reputation for strict business integrity, until it now does a very large wholesale and retail trade, requiring the services of between forty and fifty male and female employees. Mr. Gutman is of the Hebrew faith, being a member of the Lloyd Street Synagogue, of which he is one of the Board of Trustees. He is also the President of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, one of the many noble charitable institutions of this city. He was married, August 15, 1852, to Miss Bertha Kayton, daughter of the late Louis and Caroline Kayton, of Bal- timore, and has five children living. SWid2YRD, Harvey Leonrpas, M.D., was born in Sa- Shi lem, South Carolina, August 8, 1820. He is de- — scended from English and Scotch ancestors, who . early settled in this country. His paternal grand- t father served as a member of Marion’s brigade during the Revolutionary war. After receiving a classical education in South Carolina, and having the honorary de- gree of A.M. conferred upon him by Emory College, of Georgia, he entered the Jefferson Medical College, and af- terward graduated from the Pennsylvania College, in 1840, and also from the University of Pennsylvania, in 1867. He BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. began the practice of his profession at Salem, South Caro- lina, afterward removing to Savannah, Georgia, and ulti- mately, to Baltimore, Maryland, in which city he is now (1879), located, and engaged in active practice. Soon after his removal to Baltimore, in 1866, he began a move- ment for the re-opening of Washington University, which for several years had suspended operations. With the con- currence and co-operation of Dr. Thomas E. Bond, Dr. War- ren, and several other gentlemen, the announcement of the re-opening of the school was issued over Dr. Byrd’s name, as Dean, in 1867. The school at once entered upon a ca- reer of unprecedented success. After about six years, he withdrew from the school, and joined other gentlemen in the establishment of the College of Physicians and Sur- geons of Baltimore. He was first Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Savannah Medical Col- lege, then Professor of Principles and Practice in Ogle- thorpe Medical College, Georgia, Professor of Obstetrics in the Washington University, and Professor of the Dis- eases of Women and Children in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, He was also Dean of these three first named institutions, and first President of the faculty in the last. Among the many papers which he has contributed to medical journals, are “ Muriated Tincture of Iron in Scarlatina,” ‘Yellow Fever,” “ Combination Operation in Amputation,” ‘Speedy Method in Asphyxia of Newly-born Infants,” ‘ Bloodletting in Disease,” “ Quinia in Traumatic Tetanus,” and the ‘“ Physiological Impossibility af Descent of the Races of Men froma Single Pair.” He is a member of the South Carolina Medical Association, the Georgia Medical Association, the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, the Baltimore Medi- cal Association, the Epidemiological Society of Maryland, and corresponding member of the Gynzecological Society of Boston, Massachusetts. He edited the Og/ethorpe Medical and Surgical Fournal for three years. He is also amem- ber of several other literary and scientific societies. Dur- ing the late civil war, he served as surgeon in the Confed- erate army. He married, October 31, 1844, Miss Ade- laide, youngest daughter of the late Hon. John Dozier, of Williamsburg, South Carolina. She died December 24, 1874, leaving two children. On December, 15, 1877, he married Miss Florence, daughter of the Hon. C. W. New- ton, of Norfolk, Virginia, Boss Sitas, A.M., M.D., was born, March 9, SR 1845, in Harford County, Maryland. At the age a of thirteen years, he entered the Bethel Academy, Y* jj in his native county, then under the preceptorship of { Rev. T. S. C. Smith, where he remained for three years, going through a thorough training for college. He then entered Georgetown (D. C.) College, but remained I 117 there fora brief period only, owing to the Federal troops con- verting a portion of the college buildings into barracks (just after the first battle of Manassas), which greatly interfered with the curriculum of the institution, and caused his father to withdraw him therefrom. He was then sent to Princeton College, where, owing to his preparatory educa- tion, he at once entered the Sophomore Class, and gradu- ated, with honor, in 1865. Immediately after his gradua- tion, he entered, as private student, the office of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith, Baltimore, and, after attending two regular courses of lectures, at the Maryland Univer- sity, graduated therefrom March 9, 1867. The estimation in which he was held by his co-graduates, is indicated by the fact that he was selected by them as the president of the graduating class. After graduating, he returned to his native county, and entered upon the practice of medicine. He remained in Harford for about a year and a half, and, during that period, married Miss Mary Eliza Williar, daughter of George P. Williar, Esq., a prominent mer- chant of Baltimore. Becoming dissatisfied with the irk- sameness of a country practice, Dr. Baldwin went to Bal- timore, October, 1868, and established himself in the prac- tice of his profession in the northwestern section of the city, where he has continued actively engaged therein up to the present writing. In May, of 1870, he was elected by the Board of Directors of the Maryland Penitentiary, as the Visiting Physician of that institution, under the ad- ministration of Governor Oden Bowie. He held that position for the two years of Governor Bowie’s term, and under his successor, Governor William Pinkney Whyte, for two years. The satisfactory manner in which he dis- charged the duties of Visiting Physician at the Peniten- tiary, is evidenced in a series of complimentary resolutions, adopted by the board, April 13, 1874, on the occasion of his resignation. These embraced a request that the doc- tor act until his successor was elected, and the expression that in his withdrawal “the prison had lost a most valua- ble, attentive, and efficient officer, under whose adminis- tration the sanitary condition of the prison has been great- ly augmented.” Dr. Baldwin had medical charge of the Penitentiary during the prevalence of the great small-pox epidemic, which committed such fearful ravages in Balti- more in 1873. The chapel of the Penitentiary was im- provised for a hospital, and seventeen patients at a time were down with the loathsome malady. There were about eight hundred prisoners in the institution, all of whom were vaccinated by the doctor, in consequence of which, and the general skilful professional care he exercised over them, but four fatal cases occurred. Whilst occupy- ing that position, Dr. Baldwin still devoted his spare time to his private practice, which had become quite extensive, In February, 1878, he was appointed Vaccine Physician for the Nineteenth and Twentieth Wards of Baltimore, by the late Mayor George P. Kane, which position he con- tinues to hold under the present Mayor, Ferdinand C. La- 118 trobe. Dr. Baldwin’s father, William Baldwin, who twice represented Harford County in the Maryland Legislature, his grandfather, Silas Baldwin, and his great-grandfather, William Baldwin, were all natives of Harford County, and for four generations have lived upon the ancient estate of the family, the original mansion, built of English im- ported brick, being still in existence. The house in which the doctor’s father, William Baldwin, is now living, and which occupies a portion of the original estate, is itself some sixty years old. William Baldwin married Miss Hanna A. Powell, daughter of Davis Powell, originally of Pennsylvania, and of the Quaker persuasion. The doc- tor’s grandfather, Silas Baldwin, married Miss Charlotte Street, of Harford, daughter of Colonel John Street, one of the gallant defenders of Baltimore in 1814. The pro- genitors of the Baldwins originally came from Scotland, and were among the earliest landed proprietors of Mary- land, in the colonial days. Dr. Baldwin was one of five children, of whom he is the sole survivor. In religion, the doctor is attached, as were his ancestors, to the tenets of the Presbyterian Church. He has two children, Katie and William. Be Hon. Micuart, Lawyer and Senator, Si} was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, August 1, a 1827. He was the sixth in a family of nine chil- @ dren, whose parents were Philip and Alice (Galla- gher) Bannon. His father was a highly respected farmer. His grandfather was an officer in the Irish Rebel Army, in 1798. When the English succeeded in sup- pressing the rebellion, he was threatened with arrest, and suffered greatly from hunger and exposure, but escaped. He married a Miss Woods, of a prominent Scotch-Irish family. One of the brothers of Mr. Michael Bannon went first to Australia, and from thence to California, where he made a large fortune; and returned to Ireland. At the age of eighteen, Mr. Bannon set out alone for the United States. On the way, the cholera broke out on the vessel, and seven sailors and twenty-seven passengers died. Arriving in New York, in July, 1846, he found work for a few days, after which he went to Albany, in hopes of a better opportunity, but was disappointed, and returned as far as Haverstraw, where he secured employment in a brick-yard. Here he carried brick till his flesh was bruised and raw, and, unable to continue it longer, returned to New York, where he drove a cart four weeks. He then proceeded to Philadelphia, having been recommended to a Mr. Cummisky, of that place, who, however, failed to give him employment, and, for a time, he took care of horses on the Pennsylvania Railroad, which was then being built. Here he was thrown in contact with boys and men of the lowest character, and, as he could not talk BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Irish, he was shamefully persecuted and beaten. In Au- gust, he was attacked with ship-fever, and lay in a critical condition many weeks. When he recovered, he was weak and penniless, and almost naked, yet he worked at ship- loading until his hands were torn and bleeding from hand- ling limestone and pig-iron. Early in 1847, he came to Baltimore, with only a ten-cent piece in his pocket. It was snowing; he was poorly clad, and nearly shoeless. Having two cousins in the city, he found his way to one of them, but was not invited to remain. He gave his ten cents for a lodging, went without supper and breakfast, and, finding his other cousin, he this time concealed his relationship, and obtained from him permission to teach his children and keep his books for seven dollars a month. After a time, having proved his worth, he made known his relationship, and his wages were raised, first to nine, then to twelve dollars a month. At the end of a year, he had bought the first overcoat he ever had; a horse and cart, hired a man to drive, and began to do a little busi- ness outside of his salary. He made application for several schools, as teacher, but without success-and went to Chestertown to visit Mr. Urie, a trustee of a vacant school, and a great fruit-grower. Mr. Bannon had at- tended an agricultural college in Ireland, and was thor- oughly versed in fruit culture; he greatly surprised and delighted Mr. Urie by his superior knowledge in that de- partment, and secured his influence in his behalf, but his being a Catholic was an objection in the minds of others. As he had no certificate, he was advised to stand an ex- amination at Washington College, but the president de- clined to examine him. He then applied to Professor Rogers, in charge of the mathematical department. It was a cold, snowy, blustering night as he went into the professor’s room, which was warm and bright, and with the beautiful mathematical instruments in their glass cases, presented a charming scene to the homeless young man, in whose mind the thought instantly rose: ‘Oh, what would I give to be in this professor’s place !’”? He received a kind letter from Professor Rogers, and obtained the school at $250 a year. He now determined on a full col- legiate course ; spent all his time out of school hours in study, and obtained p.rmission to attend the college on examination day each week. His salary was raised the second year to $300, and the third year to $450. After teaching and studying in this way for five years, in 1854 he graduated from the college, and Professor Rogers hav- ing resigned, he was at once elected Professor of Mathe- matics, to occupy the same room he had so longed for on the stormy, dreary night in which he had first entered it. His salary as Professor was $700 a year, with his board. He remained one year, and resigned to form a partnership with Mr. Isaac Perkins, to manufacture the wood-work for carriages, sleighs, etc. This not proving a pecuniary suc- cess, he disposed of it at a favorable opportunity, and re- moved to Anne Arundel County, where he taught school BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. for two years, near his present residence. From the time of his graduation he had been assiduously pursuing a course of legal studies, and in 1857 was admitted to the bar, before Judge Price,in Towsontown. He at once opened an office in Baltimore, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession. He afterwards purchased the prop- erty where his office was, on St. Paul’s Street, and erected “The Bannon Building.” Beginning at first with a gene- ral law business, he, by degrees, made a specialty of equity practice and real estate. He soon began to accumulate wealth, till now he owns five valuable farms in Anne Arun- del County, and considerable real estate in the city, amounting in value to about $100,000, all of which he has made in the last twenty years. His home farm, near Jessup’s Station, is 4 marvel ‘of beauty. He built the house himself, making his own brick. The drainage and improvements on this place probably surpass anything in the State, and are his special pride. Mr. Bannon is a Dem- ocrat, and has, for several years, been influential in the councils and management of State affairs. He is a mem- ber of the Democratic State Central. Committee, and Chairman of the Executive Committee of Anne Arundel County, and, since 1875, has been the Senator from that county. He is a natural leader, a man of great firmness and vigor of intellect, and a skilful and successful party manager. In the summer of 1878, he visited his early home, in Ireland, also the Exposition at Paris, and spent some time in travelling on the Continent and through Great Britain. Mr. Bannon was united in marriage, De- cember 23, 1858, with Eveline Clark, and has had eight children, of whom five boys and two girls are living. Wo OWEN, Honora te SALEs J., late Mayor and Post- “qi master of the city of Washington, was born in the ; township of Scipio, Cayuga County, New York, i October 7, 1813. His parents were from Massachu- setts, and were among the first settlers of the above county. He assisted his father in the labors of the farm until he attained his majority, receiving a good academic education, and from the age of seventeen he taught school during the winter season. For the four years succeeding 1838, he engaged in mercantile pursuits, after which he re- moved South, and in.1845 wasa clerk in the Treasury Department in Washington. In October, 1848, he was re- moved by Robert J. Walker for refusing to contribute a portion of his salary to aid the election of General Cass to the Presidency, and for assisting the Honorable David Wilmot in sending out free-soil documents. He favored the election of Mr. Van Buren, and used his means and di- rected his efforts for the furtherance of his anti-slavery sentiments, the open profession of which, at that time, re- quired in the latitude of Washington the possession of 11g great manliness and courage. After this he engaged in the prosecution of claims against the government, and was very successful in the settlement of the accounts of army officers returned from the Mexican war. His business bringing him into frequent intercourse with influential men in the Southern States, he became with them a general favorite, and from 1856 to 1861 was frequently approached with the view of winning him over to their scheme of a separate government. Failing in this he was made a special object of persecution, but neither flattery, promises, nor threats ever induced him to waver for a moment in his loyalty tothe Union. Inthe Presidential campaigns of 1856 and 1860, he took an active part in favor of the Republican candidates, and no resident of Washington possessed in a higher degree the confidence of Mr. Lincoln, or could boast of a greater number of commissions signed by the martyr President, all of which were bestowed without so- licitation. Nor did any one in his sphere during the war exert a greater influence, do more to aid the government, or submit to greater sacrifices. In 1861, he was appointed to the important position of Commissioner of Police for the District of Columbia, the safety of the Capitol and of the chief officers of the government depending in great measure on the efficiency of this department; the former police hav- ing joined the rebellion and left for Richmond. The same year he was made disbursing officer of the United States Senate, and in 1862, was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue, which office he held till he was appointed Post- master of Washington, in March, 1863. During the war all the mails to and from the armies were distributed and mailed through this office, yet during Mr. Bowén’s admin- istration, notwithstanding the heavy duties, every depart- ment was so managed as to give universal satisfaction. While he was at this post Andrew Johnson attempted to get entire control of the War Department by removing Secretary Edwin M. Stanton, and appointing General Lorenzo Thomas, Secretary ad interim. The order issued directing the postmaster to deliver the mail of the War De- partment to General Thomas was disobeyed, and the mails promptly handed, as heretofore, to Secretary Stanton, by this means defeating the scheme of Andrew Johnson. Mr. Bowen continued in this office, instituting many important reforms and improvements, until, in 1868, he was elected Mayor of the city. done, during his term of two years, to improve and advance the interests of the city than in any ten years preceding, and at a less expense to the tax-payers than ever before. He inaugurated a system of sewerage, the parking and opening of streets, planting trees, abating nuisances, reduc- ing expenses, correcting abuses, etc. For eleven years he was a member of the Levy Court of Washington County, District of Columbia. Through his instrumentality the roads in the county were made good and substantial pub- lic highways. While acting in that capacity, as well as in that of Police Commissioner, he voted uniformly against It is a common remark that more was 120 granting licenses to grogshops, and had his example been followed, the hundreds of such nurseries of crime and misery would not now be found in the district. In his efforts for the improvement of the roads, in grading hills, filling up valleys, and removing from across the roads, the gates and fences which were there after the old Maryland style, he had to combat the strongest opposition both in the city and in the district. But by his persistent effort these great improvements were gradually made, and indorsed by the people. Mr. Bowen first suggested the public schools for the colored children of Washington, and drew with his own hand every bill relating to them which has since been made into a law. Under his management as trustee and treasurer, the first sites were purchased, and the first four school-houses for colored children were erected. To these schools the city authorities were violently opposed, and re- fused to pay the city’s share of the school fund as required by act of Congress, but Mr. Bowen, determined to keep them up, used his own private means to pay the teachers, fifty-one in number, and to defray the other necessary ex- penses of the schools, sustaining them in this way for nearly a year. He expended over twenty thousand dollars of his own money, but had the satisfaction of seeing the educational interests of the colored people triumph over all opposition. He was also the first executive officer of the district who bestowed offices of trust and honor on colored men, and to his efforts were they indebted for their early enjoyment of the privilege of voting in the district, and of being made witnesses and jurors in the courts of law, and amenable only to the same laws and punishments as the whites. As in the case of the colored schools he was the author of every bill passed by Congress, having for its ob- ject the amelioration of the condition and elevation of the colored race in the District of Columbia. He has always been the friend of all the poor and unfortunate, and is ex- tremely popular with the laboring and dependent classes. In the several positions held by him, he has collected and disbursed millions of government money, not a penny of which was ever misappropriated, or not legally and justly accounted for. His whole life and character furnishes one of the finest illustrations of the truth and beauty of the declaration of the poct, **An honest man is the noblest work of God.’ Mr. Bowen’s religious views have always been Unitarian. He was married, July 2, 1835, to Mary Barker, daughter of John A. Barker, of Venice, Cayuga County, New York, waeV NCH, JoHN Stevens, M.D., was born in St. i Mary’s County, Maryland, November 24, 1828, 22° The farm on which he was born is situated on the z St. Mary’s River, two miles above the site of the gr i, ancient city of St. Mary, where Lord Baltimore first planted his colony ; and from these colonists he is directly BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. descended, both through his paternal and maternal ances- try. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Coad) Lynch. His paternal ancestors came from County Galway, Ireland. His mother was descended from John Coad, a restless, energetic, and somewhat eccentric gentleman, whose name figures extensively in the early history of the colony, and whose efforts to establish a democratic re- publican government gave the Proprietary much trouble, and won for himself, even at that early period of American history, the name of rebel. Dr. Lynch’s mother died when he was but little more than two years of age, leaving eight children, of whom the eldest, a daughter, was nineteen years and the youngest eleven months of age at the time. As his father never married again, upon this sister de- volved the care of this large family, and from her the sub- ject of this sketch received his early mental and moral training. Dr. Lynch attended the common schools of his native county until his thirteenth year, making rapid prog- ress in the branches taught there, and in the spring of 1841, removed with an elder brother to Wilcox County, Alabama, where he entered an academy, and pursued the study of the higher English branches, including mathe- matics, natural philosophy, astronomy, chemistry, and physiology, together with the Latin, Greek, and French languages. These studies were continued, with slight in- terruptions, until the end of the year 1846, when he entered upon the study of law, in the office of Bethea, Beck & Roach, of Camden, Alabama. In the summer of 1847, however, he was required to return to his paternal home in Maryland, where, at the age of nineteen, he accepted an appointment as teacher in the public school of his dis- trict, and taught during the year 1848, privately continuing his legal studies at the same time. The following year, in consequence of the death of his sister’s husband, who had been lucratively engaged in the manufacture and sale of proprietary medicines in Baltimore, Dr. Lynch aban- doned the law, and took charge of that business, at the urgent solicitation of his sister. While thus occupied, he nat- urally turned his attention to the study of medicine, and in 1851, when his sister no longer needed his assistance, com- menced the study of medicine under the late Professor Chew, M.D., and at the same time matriculated at the School of Medicine of the Maryland University. Sixteen months after- wards, in March, 1853, he graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from that institution. After spending a few months in his native county, he returned to Baltimore, in August, 1853, and entered upon the practice of medicine. In 1857, he was elected a Delegate to the Maryland Legislature, and served in that body in the session of January, 1858. He took an active part in the legislation and discussions of the House of Delegates, and introduced several important meas- ures, among which were bills to establish a State vaccine physician and to amend the laws relating to coroners’ in- quests in the city of Baltimore, by dividing the city into districts and the appointment of experts to the office of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. coroner. Although he failed to secure the passage of either of these measures at that session, he had the pleasure of seeing his suggestions afterward become law, in conse- quence of the thought and inquiry awakened by his efforts. In 1858, Dr. Lynch again removed to Alabama, and at once entered upon a large and lucrative practice in the neighborhood where he spent his early boyhood. When the civil war began, his strong Southern sympathies im- pelled him to actively support the Confederacy. Accord- ingly, he aided in organizing a company among his neigh- bors, of which his brother, George Lynch, was elected Captain. The doctor was elected Lieutenant, and the company was mustered into service as Company C, Sixth Regiment of Alabama Volunteers, May 16, 1861. This regiment was commanded by the Honorable John J. Seiblew, formerly Minister to Belgium, and John B. Gor- don, afterward a Major-General, and now a United States Senator from Georgia, was its first major. He remained in active service until May 1, 1862, during which time he participated in the battles of Bull Run and Manassas, in July, 1861, and in the siege of Yorktown, in April, 1862. He soon afterward retired from the army, and resumed the practice of medicine in Alabama, where he continued until March, 1872, when, on account of ill health occasioned by protracted malarious poisoning, and owing to the increas- ing depression of the material prosperity of the South, he again returned to Baltimore. The year previous to his re- moval from Alabama, he was unanimously nominated by the Democratic Conservative party as a candidate for the State Legislature, but the colored Republican vote preponderat- ing, he was defeated. On his return to Maryland, he united with several eminent members of the medical pro- fession and organized in Baltimore, in August, 1872, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of which Dr. Lynch was appointed the first Professor of Anatomy. In the follow- ing year, Professor Edwin Warren, who held the chair of Surgery, accepted a position in the service of the Khedive of Egypt, which led to some changes in the organization of the school, by which Professor Lynch was assigned to the chair of Principles and Practice of Medicine, which he has held ever since. Dr. Lynch became a member of both the fraternities of Free Masons and Odd Fellows, in 1850. While in Alabama, he organized a lodge of Free Masons, of which he was Past Master for eight years. In politics he is a liberal Democrat, and has always affliated with the Democratic party, except for two or three years, when he was a member of the Native American party, and voted for Mr. Fillmore, for President, in 1856. In December, 1857, he married Marie Louise, youngest daughter of the late Vincent Sutton, Esq., of Baltimore, formerly of Westmore- land County, Virginia. The subject of this sketch has al- ways shown himself equal to the demands of the hour, and commands the confidence and respect of the community, without seeming to be aware of the extent of his influence, so much absorbed is he in the duties of his profession. 121 pees GrorcE H., Manufacturer, was born March 22, 1816, at Hesse Cassel, Germany. His ances- x ~ tors were natives of Germany. His father, Chris- topher Pagels, 1 burgomaster and manufacturer of c Hesse Cassel, took an active part in the German revolution of 1831. After the revolution was partly sup- pressed, foreseeing that the revolutionists would be perse- cuted, and longing for a more liberal government, Mr. Pagels thought it best to leave with his family for America. So in the spring of 1833, he sold out his possessions, and with his family left for Baltimore, which he reached after a voyage of about seven weeks. On the day of his arrival, he took the oath of allegiance, and shortly afterward re- ceived from Germany a copy of a verdict given against him by those who had put down the men who had been struggling for liberty. In the same year he bought a tract of land in Baltimore County, Maryland, called “ Chevy Chase,” on which, after carrying on his business for about ten months in Baltimore, he located, and where he now, in the ninety-third year of his age, resides. George H. Pagels, the second son of Christopher Pagels, whose scholastic education had been chiefly received in Germany, learned his trade with his father, part of the time in Ger- many, and part of the time in Baltimore. After helping his father at “Chevy Chase” for about three years, he went, when about twenty-two years of age, to Baltimore, and worked at his trade with his brother Edward. Soon afterward, for the benefit of his health, he went to the western coast of Florida, where he spent about two years. Then being entirely restored, he returned to Baltimore, and became partner of his brother Edward in the manufacture of iron railings and the general blacksmithing business, the firm name being E. & G..H. Pagels, which continued until July 1, 1858, when the partnership was dis- solved, George H. Pagels continuing the business and Edward going to California. Up to the present season of depression, Mr. Pagels continued the business until it reached its present size. He has had as many as twenty- six men in his employ at one time. In 1860, he tore down the old building, which had been the place of business of himself and his brother, on Saratoga and Jasper Stréets, and put up in its place a four-story structure, in which he still carries on his business. In 1867, he became a mem- ber of the first branch of the Baltimore City Council, to which he was re-elected the second term, serving two years. During his term of service, he drew up many valuable ordinances; among them were the ordinance under which the new city hall was built; the ordinance for the reorganization of the fire department, which or- ganization it has ever since retained ; the ordinance for the enlargement of Riverside Park; the ordinance for chang- ing the mode of application for building sheds, etc.; and the ordinance for the enlargement of the Richmond Market. During his two years’ service, nearly his whole time was taken up with council matters. At the close of 122 the two years, the first branch of the City Council, depart- ing from ordinary usage, presented Mr. Pagels a very handsome resolution signed in behalf of the Council by Henry Duvall, President, and James Hyde, Chief Clerk, in which they acknowledge his “ kindness of heart, cordi- ality and demeanor, cool head, clear mind, perfect impar- tiality, strict integrity, his intimate knowledge of and his close application to the duties of his position.” This unan- imous resolution, unsought and unlooked for, needs no comment. It is about as high an appreciation of character and life as could well be given. He was for two years President, of the Board of Trustees of Bayview; has been director of the Howard Land Company ever since its or- ganization; a director of the Real Estate and Savings Bank; a director of the Home Fire Insurance Company ; treasurer and director of the Howard Building Association; President of the Howard Hill No. 1, and the Howard Hill No. 2 Building Associations, all three of which have wound up their business successfully. He was one of the original subscribers to the Howard Fire Insurance Com- pany, the Consolidated Land and Fire Insurance Company, and the People’s Gas Company. He has been a member of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, commonly called Otterbein Church, for about forty years. In the Man- damus trial of that church he took an active part. He has been for a number of years one of the managers of the Maryland Bible Society; of the Henry Watson’s Aid Society, and the Maryland Institute. On the 31st of Oc- tober, 1841, he married. Rosina, daughter of Michael Zimmer, of Baltimore, who died in 1862. In August, 1865, he married Barbara, daughter of Christian F. Hailer, of Baden, Germany. He has eight children living, one of whom, Edward, is general ticket agent at the Union depot, Columbus, Ohio. Another, George H. Z., is ticket agent of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Washington, D. C. SAINN-CNUS, GENERAL FELIX, Treasurer and General oh i; Manager of the Baltimore American, was born in a Lyons, France, July 4,1839. During his infancy his family removed with him to Paris, in which city the junior years of the subject of this sketch were spent. He received his education at College Jolie Clair, near Montrouge, a suburb of Paris, made famous during the German siege and the Communist uprising. Being of an adventurous disposition, he left home, in 1852, and commenced a series of travels that carried him into various and widely distant parts of the world. He voyaged to the South Seas, visiting e row/c, the celebrated Island of St. Helena, where Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled, the west coast of Africa, rounding the Cape of Good Hope, and, sailing up the east coast, made a brief sojourn at Madagascar. Thence he crossed the Indian Ocean, and, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. by a long detour, arrived upon the Pacific coast of South America, making excursions inland in Chili and Peru. He then sailed around Cape Horn, and crossed the Atlantic to France, thus completing the circumnavigation of the globe. These voyages occupied four years, it being the year 1856 when he stood once more upon his native soil. After three years of quiet life events transpired that brought Felix Agnus into active military life. In 1859, Napoleon III waged war with Austria for the redemption of Italy. Mr. Agnus at once volunteered in the Third Regiment of Zouaves, and in that command went through the battle of Montebello, May 20, 1859, the allies being victorious in this, the first fight of the war. He was after- wards detailed to a post in the celebrated Flying Corps, under Garibaldi, which did good service near the Italian lakes. Afterthe conclusion of the war and the redemption of Italy, the above corps was disbanded. In 1860, Mr. Agnus came to the United States to take a position in the jewelry house of Tiffany & Company, New York. When the United States flag was fired upon at Fort Sumter, and the nation rose in arms, his old soldierly ardor was re- kindled and he enlisted as a private in Duryea’s Fifth New York Zouaves. His military experience made him invalu- able to the command, and his rapidity of promotion was only equalled by the facility with which he acquired a knowledge of the English language. At the battle of Big Bethel, June 10, 1861, he saved the life of General Kilpat- rick, and was promoted to Second Lieutenant for gallantry. Subsequently the Fifth was quartered in Baltimore, for some months, on Fort Federal Hill. When McClellan started on the expedition up the Peninsula, in 1862, the regiment was placed in the Fifth Corps. Lieutenant Agnus volun- teered to lead a charge at Ashland Bridge, and received complimentary mention from General Gouverneur K. War- ren. He was in the dash at Hanover Court-house, and the storming of the hills at Mechanicstown, near Rich- mond. On June 27, 1862, the battle of Gaines’s Mills was ‘fought, and Lieutenant Agnus was shot through the right shoulder, at the close of the day. This wound disabled him, causing the loss of the shoulder-joint. Whilst recov- ering, in Baltimore, from his injuries, he received his com- mission as Captain, for gallant service in the field. In New York he joined in with officers in a successful effort to raise another Zouave regiment. The ranks rapidly filled up with a fine class of recruits, and the command was known as the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth New York, or Second Duryea Zouaves. Captain Agnus selected the color company as his own, and the regiment was ordered to Louisiana, in the fall of 1862, when it garrisoned New Orleans and Baton Rouge. In the spring of 1863, the siege of Port Hudson was commenced by land and water, and the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth was repleted and assigned to take part. May 27, an unsuccessful assault was made on the Confederate works. Captain Agnus was again wounded, in this engagement, and was promoted to Major. In the SSSSsooee Sooo eo eS ES ———— SSSSESSS Soar See See BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. midst of the principal charge the Colonel and Lieutenant- Colonel were wounded, and Major Agnus took command of the regiment. He shared in all the attacks on Port Hudson. Two divisions, of three hundred men each, had been detailed to lead the forlorn hope, and Major Agnus, with forty-two picked men of his command, was placed at the head of the first division. The assault was rendered unnecessary by the surrender on the day for which it had been fixed. After the fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, the regiment was sent to Western Louisiana, where it was engaged in constant skirmishes with the Texas Rangers. At Fayetteville, while checking a charge, Major Agnus had a hand-to-hand fight with a Texan horseman, and received a severe sabre-cut on the wrist. He took part in that un- fortunate expedition to Sabine Pass, Texas, and was placed in charge of the transport Pocahontas, an old Baltimore steamer. The vessel was dispatched to the blockading fleet off Galveston, to carry information of the disaster, and, in navigating an unlighted coast, ran ashore. When morning dawned she was found to be under the fire of the enemy’s guns. There were two batteries of regular artil- lery on board. Major Agnus ordered the horses, one hun- dred and twenty in number, to be thrown overboard, and, thus lightened, the transport was safely floated off. By this time the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth had been sadly cut to pieces, and the War Department was ordering regiments with decimated ranks to be consolidated. Major Agnus, zealous that the distinctive title and number of his com- mand should not be lost, determined to preserve it, and that could only be done by filling up its ranks. Obtaining leave of absence from General Banks, he went to New York and induced Governor Seymour to assign to the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth, four full companies of recruits. This completed the regiment. In the meantime the Nine- teenth Corps had been ordered to report to General Grant, on the James River. Major Agnus rejoined his command with his fresh men, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel. When Early was raiding up the Valley, in 1864, and threatening Washington, the Nineteenth Corps was as- signed to Sheridan, who was then forming an army at Washington, for service in the Valley. They moved up to Monocacy, Harper’s Ferry and Winchester, and the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth took a prominent part in all the fighting of the campaign, which broke the back of the Confederate strength in the Valley. Lieutenant- Colonel Agnus shared the perils and triumphs of this epoch, and was with-his regiment at the battles of the Opequan, Fisher’s Hill, Winchester, and Cedar Creek. He was a personal witness to “ Sheridan’s ride,’ on the eventful rgth of October, 1864, when Early drove in the Eighth Corps, pierced the Nineteenth, and would have driven the whole army before him in confusion had it not been for the arrival of Sheridan, and his rallying of the troops. This ended the fighting in the Valley, and when Sheridan started with his cavalry to join Grant in ‘Southern States. 123 front of Richmond he was instructed to send his best infan- try regiment to guard the Confederate prisoners at Fort Delaware. He paid the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth the compliment of choosing it out of all the army, and it was accordingly detailed to that duty. Here Lieutenant- Colonel Agnus was made Colonel of theregiment. It re- mained at Fort Delaware about three months, and was then ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where Colonel Agnus re- ceived his brevet as Brigadier-General, he being, at the time, but twenty-six years of age. He was, probably, the youngest of his rank in the army. He was detailed as Inspector-General, Department of the South, and was com- missioned to dismantle the old Confederate forts in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, and turn all the property over to the government. On August 22, 1865, General Agnus resigned his commission and resumed civil life. After the war he was appointed an Assistant Assessor in the Internal Revenue Office at Baltimore, but soon thereafter assumed charge of the business department of the Baltimore American. In that responsible position he has displayed an energy, tact, and good judgment that have been invaluable to the proprietary of that journal. The erection of its splendid new building was mainly due to his efforts, and the paper has thriven under his manage- ment. December 13, 1864, General Agnus was married to Miss Annie E., daughter of Mr. Charles C. Fulton, se- nior proprietor of the Baltimore American. Few men of his age can furnish such a record as General Agnus, as a traveller, embracing in his journeys, the entire circuit of the world ; as a brave soldier and officer, engaged in many conflicts and receiving honorable wounds in the service of his adopted country, or as the business manager of the leading commercial newspaper south of New York, CHARF, CoLoneL JoHN Tuomas, Author and vit) Journalist, was born in Baltimore, May 1, 1843. He received an elementary education from the Christian Brothers, of St. Peter’s (Roman Catholic) Parish School at Baltimore, and later in life, attended a private school in Harford County. When about sixteen years.of age, he was employed in the counting- room of his father, Mr. Thomas G. Scharf, 4 Baltimore merchant. Young Scharf, however, was passionately fond of reading, and devoted much of his leisure time to ac- quiring information. But he was also of an active and adventurous temperament, and, like most young men in the State, shared in the excitement just preceding the out- break of the civil war. He was well versed in the politi- cal history of the time, and his convictions, as well as his sympathies, induced him to espouse the cause of the Though but eighteen, he, with a number of other young men in Baltimore, formed a volunteer com- 124 pany called the “ Scott Guards,” of which he was elected orderly sergeant. This company was, however, soon after disbanded. When the affray of the 19th of April, 1861, took place, young Scharf joined the 19th Ward Volunteers, Captain William B. Redgraves, a company organized for the defence of the city, which also was disbanded after doing some service in preserving order. As he had not been at all reticent in his expressions of sympathy with the Southern cause, he became a marked man at the time of the Federal occupation of the State. For awhile he re- mained, expecting that an entrance of the Confederate forces into Maryland, or the result of some of the military operations would unite that State with the Confederacy; but this hope failing, and the opportunities for escape into Virginia being daily diminished, he determined—much against his father’s wish—to cross the Potomac while he could, and offer his services to the South. In his first attempt, he was stopped at Camden station; but an intima- tion that he was to be arrested strengthened his resolve, and on July 29, 1861, he left his home without the knowledge of his father or family, and, in company with a friend, took passage on the steamer Mary Washington for the Patuxent. When the steamer was off Fort Mc- Henry, his friend was taken off to the fort by detectives, but young Scharf, being unknown to them, escaped. He reached and crossed the Potomac without further adven- ture, and made his way to Richmond, where he at once enlisted for “three years or the war,” in the First Mary- land Artillery Company, then commanded by Captain R. Snowden Andrews. As soon as organized, this battery was ordered into active service, first at Evansport, Va., ' where it was employed in blockading the Potomac during the winter. From Evansport the battery was sent to Yorktown, for the relief of General Magruder, and took part in the various actions following on the Peninsula, and in the great series of battles around Richmond, being under the command of General A. P. Hill. The siege of Richmond raised, the battery was detached and sent to General “ Stonewall”’ Jackson, on the line of the Rappa- hannock, under whose command it remained until his death. In the fight at Cedar Mountain, Mr. Scharf re- ceived a severe wound in the left side from a fragment of shell, but refused to leave the field. For his conduct on this occasion, he was favorably reported to the department for “gallant conduct on the field of battle.” After re- covering from his wound, he rejoined his battery, and was with it in the memorable march in General Pope’s rear, at the second battle of Manassas, where he was slightly wounded in-the ankle. He was with his battery during the campaign of 1862; was at the capture of Harper’s Ferry, the battle of Sharpsburg, and in the Valley cam- paign. At the first battle of Fredericksburg, he narrowly escaped being made a prisoner. Having ventured too far into the Federal lines, he was surrounded by the enemy, but partly by good luck and partly by presence of mind, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. not only escaped himself, but brought off a Federal pris- oner, somewhat to the surprise of General Early, who re- marked that it was something rather new for artillerymen to take prisoners. At the battle of Chancellorsville, he was wounded for the third time, this time in the right knee, and so severely that he remained for seven weeks in the hospital at Richmond. During all his term of service he was never sick a day, except from wounds; was never absent from his command for twenty-four hours, and never received a furlough. At one time he was offered a position on the staff of General Elzey, and the recommendation was indorsed favorably by all the commanders up to General Lee, who disapproved it on the ground that he could not spare soldiers from his army. While confined at the Rob- inson Hospital in Richmond, through the influence of Colonel John Taylor Wood, on the staff of President Davis, and afterwards commander of the C. S. Privateer Talla- hassee, Mr. Scharf was appointed, on June 20, 1863, a Midshipman in the Confederate States Navy, and ordered on board the school ship Patrick Henry, then lying at Drury’s Bluff, James River, to stand an examina- tion. Letters of recommendation from his previous com- manders being required, were obtained from Lieutenant- Colonel R. Snowden Andrews and Captain William F. Dement, who spoke in the highest terms of praise of his gallant and meritorious conduct on the battle-field, his uniform good behavior, and the promptness and faithful- ness with which he discharged all the duties required of him in camp and elsewhere. Ina short time Mr. Scharf was sent to the iron-clad steamer “ Chicora,” at Charleston, S. C., where he performed hard service during the winter in picket-boat duty, between Fort Sumter. and Morris Island, watching the enemy in case of another assault on Fort Sumter. While engaged in this service, in January, 1864, he was selected by his commanding officer, Captain Thomas T. Hunter, to command a picked crew of fifteen men, to be sent with similar crews from vessels in the harbors of Charleston, Savannah, Wilmington, and Rich- mond, on an expedition to Newbern, North Carolina, to act on the Neuse and Albemarle Rivers, in conjunction with General Pickett, who was to attack the town on the land side. The boats all rendezvoused at Wilmington, and from thence proceeded to Kingston and down the Neuse to the scene of operations. Upon nearing Newbern, it was discovered that the United States Steamer “ Under- writer,” which fired the first shot at Roanoke Island, and was the largest gunboat in Albemarle Sound, was moored head and stern to the wharf at Newbern, and directly under the guns of several Federal land batteries. After a short and sharp action of a few minutes, the Confederates, under Colonel J. Taylor Wood, boarded, and in a hand-to- hand fight with cutlasses and pistols, captured the steamer. She was burnt at the wharf, and the boarding party re- turned to the various stations. This was considered one of the most daring exploits of the war, as the Confederates BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. lost in killed and wounded over one-third of their boarding party. In the spring, Mr. Scharf was ordered to the gun- boat ‘“ Chattahoochee,” at Columbus, Georgia, and soon was engaged in another boating expedition in Appalachi- cola Bay. Here the party.was nearly lost in a storm, having been cast away on the St. George Islands. In a short time he was sent to the captured steamer “ Water Witch,” at White Bluffs, near Savannah, and from thence to the steamer “‘Samson,’’ at Savannah. Here he re- mained until General Sherman began his march from Atlanta to the sea, when his vessel, with all the light gun- boats, were sent up the Savannah River to destroy the Savannah and Charleston Railroad bridge, to prevent Sherman from crossing into South Carolina, and from thence to proceed to Augusta. After destroying the bridge, he was ordered to Augusta, Ga., and from thence to Rich- mond, where he found he could be of no service to the Confederacy in the navy, as nearly all the ports and land- ings were blockaded or in the hands of the enemy. He, therefore, determined to resign and again join the army. As soon as he resigned, the Confederate War Department sent for him and requested that he should go on a secret mission to Canada, as the bearer of important dispatches. His arrangements were made, and the Secret Service Corps were ordered to put him across the Potomac. After some delay from the floating ice in the river, he set out on his mission, and reached Maryland safely, only to be captured at Port Tobacco by the Federals, who had received notice of his coming. He was now sent to Washington and confined in the “Old Carroll Prison,” until March 25, 1865, when he was released on parole, giving his bond for five thousand dollars to appear for trial when sum- moned. On September 25, however, he was pardoned by President Johnson and finally discharged. Returning home, he engaged in active business with his father; but his military tastes had not deserted him, and on the or- ganization of the State militia in 1867, he was elected captain of Company C, which he had himself organized. On the organization of the 2d Regiment, he was tendered the Colonelcy, but owing to the prejudices that existed against the returned Confederates, he declined the honor, but accepted the position of Lieutenant-Colonel, to which he was elected. In a short time, however, he resigned to accept the position of ordnance officer with the rank of Captain, on the staff of Brigadier-General Robert H. Carr, of the Second Brigade. On May 5, 1869, he resigned to accept the position of dide-de-camp, with the rank of Colonel, on the staff of Governor Oden Bowie. Having chosen the law as his profession, he studied in the office of Samuel Snowden, Esq., and was admitted to practice in Baltimore County on December 15, 1874, and argued his first case at the Court of Appeals in the case of “William H. Oler v. Baltimore and Randallstown Rail- road, use of George N. Moale and James Hagerty, Trus- tees;” Maryland Reports, vol. xli, page 583. Colonel 17 125 Scharf has been from his youth a close student of Mary- land history. Notwithstanding his extensive legal practice, he still found time to pursue his historical studies, and to write numerous papers on the subject for the press and for historical societies. Among his best contributions, we may mention his “Memoirs of the Historic Dead,” a series of articles published in the Baltimore Sunday News. Memoirs of General Otho H. Williams, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and John McDonogh, published in the Bad¢- morean ; “Sketch of the Cincinnati Society,” “ Toleration and Puritanism, or New England v. Maryland,” and the “ Capture of the Underwriter,” in the Baltimore Saturday Bulletin; “The Boston Tea Party,’ “Our Maryland Germans,” “ Baltimore Past and Present,”’ “ History of the Baltimore Gazette,’ and “Battle of North Point,” in the Baltimore Gazette; the “ Maryland Declaration of Inde- pendence,” ‘* Tea-Burning in Maryland,” “ The Old Mary- land Line”’ (two articles), the “ Historical Names of the Streets of Baltimore,” ‘“‘ Memoir of the First Governor of Maryland,” ‘Early Maryland Theatricals,” and many others published in the Baltimore $a. Colonel Scharf has also contributed to the press of the country many his- torical and political articles of much interest. In 1875, at the urgent request of the Professors of Georgetown Col- lege, he prepared an answer to Mr. William E. Gladstone’s attack upon Maryland Toleration in his controversy with Cardinal Manning on “ Vaticanism,” which appeared in the Christmas number of the Brooklyn Catholic Review for 1875, and was extensively published and favorably com- mented upon. He also prepared and published in the New York Graphic an illustrated article upon the his- tory, trade and resources of Baltimore; and another very elaborate and interesting article in the Philadelphia 7imes, in answer to Mr. B. Z. Loping’s paper upon the alleged assassination conspiracy of 1861, in which he exonerated the citizens of Baltiimore from any attempt or intention to assassinate President Lincoln. Colonel Scharf is an active member of the Maryland Historical Society, before which he has read several interesting and valuable papers ; among others, one upon the capture of the United States Steamer “Underwriter,” and the battle of the “Merrimac” in Hampton roads, and a sketch of the C. S. Steamer “ Patrick Henry,” Privateer “ Nashville,” the battle of Lexington, etc. Besides these Colonel Scharf was the author of many other able addresses and discourses on various public At the O’Connell Centennial celebration in Baltimore, on August 6, 1875, at Druid Hill Park, he was selected as one of the orators of the day. At the Centen- nial anniversary of the burning of the“ Peggy Stewart,” at Annapolis, on October 19, 1874, he was chosen by the municipal authorities of Annapolis to be the histori- ographer of the occasion, and delivered his first address in public, which was very favorably received. By invita- tion he also delivered an eloquent and instructive address, in March, 1875, for the benefit of the German Orphan occasions. 126 Asylum, choosing as his subject the “‘ Development of the German Element in Baltimore.’ This address attracted much attention at the time, and was published in the news- papers, and in German, in pamphlet form, and largely distributed in Germany. On July 5, 1875, he was se- lected by the St. Vincent De Paul’s Beneficial Society to deliver an address upon the services of the Irish people in the American Revolution at a grand Irish-American dem- onstration at Walker’s Pavilion, on the Patapsco River. On June 24, 1875, he was selected by the Professors of Rock Hill College, near Ellicott City, to pronounce the graduating address, which was afterwards published nearly entire in the February (1876) number of Zhe Catholic Record. The President of the United States having, by his official proclamation, invited the commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Inde- pendence by the reading, on July 4, 1876, of historical sketches relating to the particular localities in which such public celebrations might be held, and the City Coun- cil of Baltimore having provided for an appropriate ob- servance of that day, at Druid Hill Park, Mayor Latrobe invited Colonel Scharf to be the historiographer of the day, on which occasion he delivered an address embodying the points of his extensive study and research. About the same time Colonel Scharf was appointed by the United States Centennial Commissioners, one of a committee of five of the “ Centennial State Board of Maryland;” and at,the request of the ‘Committee on the Restoration of Independence Hall,” Philadelphia, he prepared a sketch of Daniel of St. Thomas Fenifer, one of the authors of the Constitution of the United States, and attended the Con- gress of Authors held at Independence Hall, on July 1, 1876. Upon the organization of a military force to suppress the great railroad labor riot in Baltimore, Col- onel Scharf, together with Messrs. Wyatt, Blanchard, James H. Barnly, and John Donnell Smith, on July 21, 1877, was appointed, by the Police Commissioners of Baltimore, to select and organize five hundred special po- licemen. They were used for the protection of private property, while the regular force were operating at the scene of disturbance, Camden Station, and other places. Having, in the course of many years of study, accumu- lated a mass of details relative to the city of Baltimore, during all periods of her history, he determined to embody these in book form, and in 1874, published his Chronicles of Baltimore, a large 8vo. volume, containing a complete history, in the form of annals, of that city, from the earliest period. In 1878, he and Dr. William Hand Browne of Baltimore, published a School History of Maryland. Colonel Scharf has now (1879) in press a complete and full illustrated history of Maryland, in three large 8vo. volumes, of which he alone is the author, and which contains much important material never before published, and throwing new light on the history of the State. He is an active con- tributor to many historical societies of the country, and be- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. : sides being a member of the Maryland Historical Society and Maryland Academy of Sciences, is a member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and Southern Historical Society; an honorary member of the Georgia Historical Society ; corresponding member of the historical societies of New York, Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Carolina, Vir- ginia, and of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, etc. Having accepted, in 1877, a nomination for the Leg- islature by the Democratic party, to whose principles he has always been attached, he was elected a member of the House of Delegates from the Second Legislative District of Baltimore city by an overwhelming majority. After serving one term in that body, Colonel Scharf declined a renomination, preferring to devote himself to journalism. In the Legislature he was active in committee work, and was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations, to which the now historic Blair resolutions, instructing the Maryland representatives in the Congress to offer a bill tending to unseat President Hayes, were referred. His familiarity with the history of many matters upon which legislation was proposed stood him in great service. His speeches in the House of Delegates, at the session of 1878, on the “Blair Resolutions,” “The Eastern Shore Sena- torial Law,”’ and his report on the “ Bland Silver Bill,” and other subjects, attracted much attention at the time they were delivered. He tried most faithfully to serve his constituents, and had much influence. Upright in principle, able in service, and courteous in manner, he merited and received the approbation of the Second Legislative Dis- trict. In June, 1874, Colonel Scharf became the city editor of the Baltimore Evening News, and continued as such until August following, when he assumed the editorial management of the Baltimore Sunday Telegram, which had been vacated by Mr. James R. Brewer, now one of the owners.and editor of the Evening News. Colonel Scharf continued as managing editor of the Sunday Telegram, until he was about to be admitted to the bar, in December, 1874, when he resigned his position, and began the prac- tice of law. He continued, however, to contribute liberally to the press, and on September 23, 1878, he was appointed the managing editor of the Morning Herald, the only daily penny paper printed in Baltimore, and having an extensive circulation in the city. Under his able manage- ment the Morning Herald has steadily grown into popular favor, and largely increased its circulation, and has given evidence of augmenting prosperity by an increase in size. On December 2, 1869, Colonel Scharf married Mary Mc- Dougall, the eldest daughter of James McDougall, Esq., a wholesale lumber and commission merchant of Baltimore, and has three children, a son and two daughters, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. WaHiABER, PETER J., Pastor of the First German New Dai Jerusalem Society of Baltimore, was born at Co- 7° logne, the capital of Rhenish Prussia, July 21, (> 1847. From earliest childhood he felt a peculiar predilection for the clerical profession, which was gratified through the influence of his pious mother and sev- eral priests, who occasionally visited the family. When twelve years of age, he attended the Jesuit Gymnasium of his native city, and went several years later to Munsterei- fel as Seminarist of the Archiepiscopal Josephinum to con- tinue his studies. Inthe meantime his father died, and Mr. Faber now came to the determination to act as mis- sionary of the Roman Catholic Church. In the twentieth year of his age he became a member of the Franciscan Order, and after the conclusion of his novitiate, took the solemn monastical vows. The early impressions of the novitiate soon became modified by the worldly life of many of the older members of his Order, with whom he now had intercourse, and soon repented the step taken. He re- solved, at all hazards, to break the chains into which he had fallen; in the meantime, the study of philosophy, to which he gave his whole heart, was his only consolation. In the year 1870, the war between Germany and France began, and Mr. Faber, with some other young members of the Order, made voluntary application for admittance to the ambulance corps. He followed the Prussian army in its triumphal march to the Loire, and after the war was ended, returned to Germany, where, after some time, he found sufficient assistance to enable him to carry out his intention of making » voyage to America. On April 8, 1872, he arrived in New York, and having exhausted all his means in his journey through Belgium, France and England, and across the ocean, Mr. Faber was compelled to seek immediate employment. He soon made the ac- quaintance of a gentleman of Fort Hunter, a village on the Mohawk River. This gentleman desiring the services of several workmen, Mr. Faber went with him to Fort Hunter, where, for two years, he supported himself as a la- borer. Although Mr. Faber’s belief in God and the Bible was firm, his opinions regarding the Church and Chris- tendom had undergone considerable change. He had come to the conclusion that among his former fellow-believers there was less love for the noble ideas and teachings of true Christianity than for a most violent party-spirit, which constantly inclines to absolute rule; and as he had been taught from his earliest childhood to look upon all who are not Catholic as irreligious people, and still believed the Roman Catholic Church to have been founded by Christ, although it had become unfaithful to its mission, he deter- mined to be independent of every denomination, and to cherish his own religious ideas. The German Church So- ciety at Fort Hunter, at the time Mr. Faber resided there, consisted of Lutherans, and the service was conducted by a Methodist preacher. Through the influence of his em- ployer, Mr. Faber became the organist of the church, and 127 was made superintendent of the Sunday-school, and al- though his ideas of religion were the same as when he left the convent, he was soon taken upon the list as a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Two weeks after unit- ing with this church, he was licensed to preach, and after preaching on several occasions, at Fort Hunter and Tribe’s Hill, was engaged by one of the presiding elders for Phila- delphia, to fill the position of missionary. On his way to Philadelphia he learned that the position as missionary had not yet been arranged, and he therefore went to New York, to enter upon his duties as missionary in that city. In 1874, while confined to his room during a protracted illness, he read a controversial writing of a New Church minister against a Lutheran minister, which excited his curiosity, and created a desire to become acquainted with the views of the great Swedish philosopher, Emanuel Swedenborg. He therefore commenced a thorough perusal of his works. After zealous and persevering search in Swedenborg’s “ True Christian Religion,” a decided change took place in his religious belief. Believing in the spiritual mission of Swedenborg, and astonished at the shining light of the Holy Word, he resigned his office, in which he felt he could be no longer useful, and supported himself as teacher of the ancient languages. In the summer of 1875, he becdme acquainted with Rev. A. O. Brickman, the first German Minister of the New Church in America. At his request, Mr. Faber undertook the charge of the German New Jerusalem Society of Baltimore. He was licensed by the Maryland Association, October 8, 1875, and was ordained by the General Convention, June 11, 1876. G ATHCART, RoBERT, was born in Baltimore, No- WA vember 15,1814. He is the eldest son of Robert f° and Annie Cathcart, both of Scotch descent. ‘ His mother was a member of the old Maxwell fam- s ily. His father was one of the defenders of Balti- more in the war of 1812-15. He died seven days after the battle of North Point, from a fever contracted in the service. Robert’s early education was received in a com- mon school in Baltimore. In 1826, he was apprenticed to the business of block and pump making. After attaining his majority, he conducted the business for the widow of his late employer for two years, when he formed a copart- nership with his brother William, for carrying on the same business. This partnership has been continued until the present time (1879). Mr. Cathcart is eminently a public- spirited man, always giving countenance and support to every enterprise looking to the prosperity of his native city. He was one of the corporators of the first Street Railway in Baltimore, and also one of the contractors that built the roads. In 1859, he was appointed General Su- perintendent of the Baltimore City Passenger Railway 128 Company, serving in that capacity for more than four years ; two years of which time he was, also, Treasurer of the Company. In May, 1863, he resigned that position to as- sume the duties of Provost Marshal of the Second Con- gressional District of Maryland, to which he was appointed by President Lincoln. He served in that capacity until the last day of December, 1866, when he was mustered out of service, having completed the work of closing up the records and accounts of the five Districts of Maryland. He was deputy Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore from 1867 to 1869. Mr. Cathcart has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1832. He is at present an officer in the church of that denomination in South Broadway, Baltimore. He was married to Martha A. Cooper, November 24, 1836; nine children being the fruit of that union, six of whom are now living—three sons and three daughters. He is of most genial nature and of ex- cellent social qualities. He has a fine physique, and al- though in his sixty-fifth year is to all appearance in the very prime of life, attributable in great part to a strictly temperate mode of life. 4 Vy ANEY, Rocrr Brooke, LL.D., was descended J) ie from an English Catholic family that emigrated fupp to: America about the middle of the seventeenth ae century. He was the second son of Michael Taney and Monica, the daughter of Roger Brooke, and was born March 17, 1777, in Calvert County, Mary- land, on the paternal estate, which had been in the family for generations. His paternal ancestor, who was of good position and acknowledged worth, came to America in 1656 and settled on the Patuxent. His maternal ancestor, Robert Brooke, with his wife and ten children, had come over, in 1650, and settled at Delabrook, on the Patuxent, twenty miles from its mouth. He was a man of distinc- tion and was appointed Commander of Charles County by Lord Baltimore, and Governor of Maryland, by Crom- well’s Commissioners for Reducing the Plantations. The school which young Roger attended in his early youth was of the most elementary character, but his home supple- mented what was wanting in the school, for his father was aman of culture, having studied at St. Omer and Bruges, in France, and his mother, though of limited education, possessed sound judgment, much intelligence, and all the virtues that adorn the female character. Her conver- sation, early precepts, and pious example, made an im- pression upon him that influenced all his after-life. Leav- ing the little country school, he was placed under private tutors to be fitted for college. His last tutor, David En- glish, was subsequently for many years cashier of a bank in Georgetown, D.C. In 1792, he entered Dickinson College, then under the presidency of Dr. Nisbet, where BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. he pursued his studies diligently, and graduated, in 1795, at the head of his class. Fox-hunting and other sports, during the following winter, afforded the relaxation and amusement that were necessary after his severe college studies, and in the spring of 1796 he entered upon the study of law, at Annapolis, in the office of Jeremiah Townley Chase, one of the Judges of the General Court of Maryland. Secluding himself from society, he devoted himself, earnestly to study during the day, and at night, with his friend, William Carmichael, a student ina different office, who was reading the same books, talked over the readings of the day, the principles which they estab- lished, and the distinctions and qualifications to which they were subject. While thus studying his profession, and attending the sessions of the General Court, the dig- nified appearance of the judges, and the pleadings of the distinguished barristers, Luther Martin, John Thompson Mason, Philip Barton Key, John Johnson, Arthur Shaaf, and others, made a deep impression upon him, and stimu- lated his ambition. After three years’ study he was ad- mitted to the bar, in 1799, and made, with considerable embarrassment, but with success, his first forensic effort in the Mayor’s Court, at Annapolis, before Recorder Duvall. Returning to Calvert County, he commenced the practice of law, where he received a liberal share of patronage, and the same year was elected a member of the General Assembly of Maryland. During the session, besides attending to business, he took part in the discussions of the House, and mixed in the cultured and refined society of the place, by which his natural timidity and morbid sensi- bility were in a measure overcome, and he felt more at ease in company and in debate. In 1801, Mr. Taney re- moved to Frederick as a field of more profitable practice than his native county. Here he met with increased suc- cess in his profession, while his high moral qualities, as well as his eminent legal abilities, made him popular with all the citizens. He was elected a Director in the Fred- erick County Bank, a visitor of Frederick College, and, in 1816, a State Senator. In 1806, he married Anne Phoebe Charlton Key, daughter of John Ross Key, and sister of Francis Scott Key, the author of “The Star- spangled Banner,’”’ who had been Mr. Taney’s fellow law student at Annapolis. She was a lady of great personal beauty, bright intellect, and many womanly graces. Besides Frederick Court, he practiced in the other county courts, the Court of Chancery, and the Court of Appeals, in all of which he achieved distinguished success. In 1823, he re- moved to Baltimore, and was soon the acknowledged head of the bar in that city. In 1827, on the recommendation of all the members, he was appointed Attorney-General of Maryland, by Governor Kent and his Council, who were warm supporters ‘of the administration of Mr. Adams. On the dissolution of his first cabinet, in 1831, General Jack- son, impressed by Mr. Taney’s eminent legal ability, his sound views on public measures, and his lofty patriotism, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. @ tendered him a place in his cabinet as Attorney-General of the United States, which he accepted. Mr. Taney was known to be a decided opponent of the centralizing policy of the administration of Mr. Adams, under the lead of Mr. Clay, known as the American System,—a high tariff, internal improvements by the Federal Government, and the influence of the moneyed power through’ the Bank of the United States. The inaugural address of Presi- dent Jackson, March 4, 1829, foreshadowed his dissent to these cardinal principles in the policy of the former ad- ministration, and his first annual message to Congress, December 8, 1829, distinctly avowed his opposition to them, especially to the Bank of the United States. In consequence of this the bank, in 1831, entered the political arena to influence the measures of the government by con- trolling the election of President of the United States and representatives in the national legislature. In the winter of 1832, the bank petitioned Congress for a renewal of its charter, which it had made sure by extravagant loans, and by subsidies to partisans and partisan papers. In 1831, its loans and discounts had been increased fifty per cent., and while the bill was pending for the renewal of its charter, in 1832, made a further increase of seven millions of loans, from January to May of that year. Mr. Taney, who had been a director in a bank for years, and had made finance and banking a study, understood the character, tendency, and much of the actual condition of the great moneyed corporations, and, as the constitutional adviser of the President, June 27, wrote to him from Annapolis, while engaged there in court, that if the bill was passed, it was his duty to interpose his constitutional objection to it, and, on his return to Washington, assisted the President in preparing the message which embodied his veto. The bill was thus defeated. The people of the country sus- tained the action of the President and Mr. Taney, and re- elected General Jackson in the fall over his opponent, Mr. Clay, by a vote of two hundred and thirty-nine electoral votes to forty-nine. In his first annual message to Con- gress, after his re-election, President Jackson suggested to that body the propriety of a thorough investigation of the affairs of the bank, so as to determine whether it might be safely continued as the depository of the money of the government. The message recommended that the seven millions of stock in the bank, held by the United States, be sold, and also, all other stock held by the United States in other joint stock companies. The House refused the appointment of a select committee to investigate the con- dition of the bank, and referred the subject to the Com- mittee of Ways and Means. This committee, acting upon the report of the treasury agent, founded on statements furnished by the bank, reported a resolution, ‘ That the government deposits may, in the opinion of the House, be safely continued in the Bank of the United States.” The resolution was adopted by a vote of 109 to 46. Of those who favored the resolution fifty were borrowers of the ’ 129 bank, and many of them on the list of its retained attorneys. Satisfied that the bank, by its transactions, had violated its charter, and that it was in a bankrupt condition, from its evading the payment of five millions of the public debt, which had been required to be paid out of the public money on deposit, Mr. Taney, in a letter from Washington, August 5, 1833, addressed to General Jackson, at the Rip Raps, urged upon him, as his constitutional adviser, the removal of the deposits. We give the following extracts: “In my official communications I have already expressed my convictions that the deposits ought to be withdrawn by order of the Executive, provided a safe and convenient arrangement can be made with the State banks for the col- lection and distribution of the revenue. And I have advised that the step should be taken before the meeting of Congress, because it is desirable that the members should be among their constituents when the measure is announced, and should bring with them, when they come here, the feelings and sentiments of the people. The obstacles which have recently come in the way of such a proceeding, without doubt, have greatly strengthened the hands of the bank, and increased the difficulties to be sur- mounted by the Executive. They have not, however, changed my opinion of the course to be taken. My mind has been for some time made up that the continued exist- ence of that powerful and corrupt monopoly will be fatal to the liberties of the people, and that no man but yourself is strong enough to meet and destroy it, and that if your administration closes without having established and car- ried into operation some other plan for the collection and distribution of the revenue, the bank will be too strong to be resisted by any one who may succeed you.” It is here shown that Mr. Taney was not “the pliant instrument of the President,” in the removal of the deposits, as charged by Mr. Webster, but his adviser. Mr. Duane, the Secretary of the Treasury, was known to General Jackson as an oppo- nent of the bank, and was supposed to concur in the con- templated measures against it. But, unexpectedly, he opposed the removal of the deposits and employing State banks as the fiscal agents of the government. He was, therefore, removed from office, September 23, 1833, and Mr. Taney appointed in his place. He entered upon his duties the next day, and, on the 26th of the month, issued an order, to take effect, October 1, that the revenue there- after should be deposited in the selected State banks. The deposits already in the United States Bank were to be drawn out as the government needed them. For corrupt purposes the bank had increased its loans to over seventy millions; it now sought to control public opinion by an unnatural and unnecessary contraction, the consequence of which was widespread ruin over all the country. Com- merce was embarrassed, manufactures were paralyzed, thousands were thrown out of employment, property was unsalable, produce and labor were at the lowest price, men of wealth were reduced to poverty, and all this, the 130 a bank asserted, was in consequence of the removal .of the deposits. The partisan press assailed the President and his Secretary in the most virulent manner, and on the meeting of Congress, in December, Clay, Calhoun, and Webster, in the Senate, and Binney, McDuffie, and Adams, in the House, denounced their financial policy with great acrimony. But the House of Represéntatives, just elected, sustained both the President and Mr. Taney, and declared against a renewal of the charter of the bank. The session was now drawing to a close, and the President, June 23, 1834, sent to the Senate the nomination of Mr. Taney as Secretary of the Treasury. He was rejected the next day. He immediately resigned and returned to Baltimore, where he was received by the citizens with an ovation. Resolu- tions approving his course were passed by primary meet- ings all over the country, and public dinners tendered him. Of these, however, he only accepted that offered by Balti- more, and the one by Frederick, his former residence. After-events proved the wise policy of the President and Mr. Taney in opposing the bank. Having obtained a charter from the State of Pennsylvania the bank was con- tinued under Nicholas Biddle, the President, and the other officers. It soon ran its career, and, as its true condition ‘could no longer be concealed, it collapsed. The bank sued its President, Mr. Biddle, for $1,018,000, paid out during his administration, for which no vouchers could be found, and the stockholders demanded an assignment of all the property, credits, etc., of the institution. Finally, when its affairs were settled up, it was found that the bank had not only sunk its $35,000,000 of stock, but had carried down other institutions and companies, with a loss of $21,000,000, making a loss of $56,000,000, besides injuries to individuals, and Mr. Biddle and others indicted fora conspiracy to defraud the stockholders, and imprisoned, evaded the bringing out of facts against them by jury trial, by means of Aabeas corpus, one of the three judges not concur- ring in their discharge. Never was there a more clear vindi- cation than that of President Jackson and his Secretary. Judge Duval, before whom Mr. Taney argued his first cause, ‘having, in January, 1835, resigned his seat upon the bench of the United States Supreme Court, to which he had been appointed in 1811, General Jackson immediately nominated Mr. Taney for the vacancy. But the Senate still retained its former prejudices, and the nomination was indefinitely postponed. Chief Justice Marshall, however, though opposed to Jackson’s administration, endeavored to secure the confirmation of Mr. Taney by a private letter to B. Watkins Leigh, a Senator from Virginia. During the summer of 1835, Chief Justice Marshall died, and, De- cember 28, President Jackson nominated Mr. Taney to fill his place. Believing that the nomination was intended as a reward of political services, and not of conscientious duty, Clay and Webster led the opposition with much viru- lence, but the political complexion of the Senate had now changed, and the nomination was confirmed, on March 15, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1836, by a majority of fourteen votes. If it be true that Mr. Taney owed his elevation mainly to the aid he had rendered his chief, on the bank question, the same must be admitted in relation to his predecessor, Chief Justice Marshall, who was nominated on account of defending, while he was a member of Congress, the administration of Mr. Adams, in the matter of Jonathan Robbins, a British deserter. Chief Justice Taney first took his seat on the bench at a Circuit Court, held in Baltimore, for the District of Maryland, in April, 1836. Inthe January Term, 1837, he took his seat for the first time on the bench of the Supreme Court. Of comprehensive intellect and sound judgment, profoundly acquainted with law and precedent, unswayed by passion, uninfluenced by interest, and un- moved by the fear or favor of party, he pronounced his decisions upon all subjects that came before him, calmly, yet firmly. Chief Justice Taney was of tall stature and slender frame. His constitution was delicate, and, besides this bodily infirmity, he had a natural infirmity of temper. The former was strengthened by temperance and the vigor of a lofty spirit; the latter was subdued and chastened by religion and charity. And thus sustained he lived beyond the period allotted to human life. He died, October 12, 1864, in the eighty-eighth year of his age, and was buried in Frederick by the side of his mother, as he had requested, near forty years before. The bar of the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court itself, and the Circuit Court at Boston, paid fitting tributes to his memory, and the Legislature of Maryland, in 1867, honored him by voting a monument to her distinguished son. It is in. bronze, of colossal size, from a design by W. H. Reinhart, and represents the Chief Justice in his robes of office, seated upon the bench. At its unveiling it was formally presented to the State in a beautiful address by S. Teackle Wallis, Esq. Asa citizen, as a jurist, as a statesman, as Chief Justice, and as a Chris- tian, he was every way worthy the distinguished honors paid to his memory. { (From Baltimore, Past and Present.) cao. IWEp.ARTOL, James Lawrence, Chief Judge of the A Court of Appeals of Maryland, was born June - : 4, 1813, at Havre de Grace, Harford County, Ce Maryland. His father, George Bartol, was a re- t spected and successful merchant in that place; his mother he had the misfortune to lose when he was not quite three years old. His early education was received at Havre de Grace, and was chiefly directed to his prepara- tion for the business of a merchant. In 1828, at the age of: fifteen, he came to Baltimore, inclined to accept a posi- tion that had been offered him in a mercantile house, but, upon inquiry and reflection, was led to think better of his plans, and decided to resume and continue his studies. Re- 2 Pee BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. turning to his home, he was placed by his father, as a pri- vate pupil, in the family of the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., a highly accomplished scholar, who then resided at Chance- ford, in York County, Pennsylvania. Here young Bartol remained until 1830, and so thoroughly did he profit by the instructions of his preceptor, that he was enabled at the age of seventeen to enter the Junior Class of Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, where he graduated two years later, with college honors. In subsequent years, and amid all the engrossing cares and duties of professional life, and of a high judicial station, Judge Bartol has never lost his early love of classical literature and belles-lettres, but has wisely known how to find time and leisure for both. Apart from the possession of naturally refined and scholarly tastes, which have made at all times the paths of literature both welcome and easy to him, this fortunate result is, no doubt, partly due, in his case, as in that of most men who are similarly able to retain and indulge in later life their fond- ness for classical studies, to the thoroughness and excel- lence of his early training, which he received when under the roof ‘of the learned Dr. Martin. That so many men in this country, even among those who are accounted lib- erally educated, lose, within a very few years after leaving college, the ability to construe tolerably 4 page of any Greek or Latin author, is quite as often due to the superfi- cial character of the education imparted, as to the occupa- tions of a busy life, which have driven from the mind all recollection of lessons which could never have been more than half-learned, else they would not have been so soon and easily forgotten. After quitting college, Mr. Bartol commenced the study of the law, in the office of Otho Scott, Esq., at Bel Air, in Harford County. He was as fortunate in the choice of a legal as he had been previously in the selection of a classical instructor. Mr. Scott was deserv- edly considered in his day to be one of the ablest lawyers in Maryland, and his were the brilliant and palmy days when the fame of Harper, Pinkney, Wirt, and Luther Martin had not yet faded, and when Taney, Johnson, Nel- son, and McMahon were at the height of their great repu- tation. Among these leaders of the bar, Otho Scott held a foremost place, and enjoyed a high repute, both for the ex- tent and soundness of his legal learning, and for the ability and acuteness which he displayed in the conduct of mist prius cases. While at college, and afterwards, young Bar- tol’s health became seriously impaired, so much so that he was compelled to intermit his close application to the study of the law, and undertake a voyage to Cuba, where, and in the balmy climate of Florida, he passed the fall and winter of 1835-36. He consequently did not apply for admission to the bar until 1836. In the year following his admission, he settled in Caroline County, and commenced the practice of the profession, which he continued in that and the adjoining counties of the Eastern Shore, for more than seven years. During this period he had frequent op- portunities, had he been so disposed, to enter into political 131 life; but his tastes did not incline in that direction, and he kept.aloof from the vortex of active politics. A more con- genial labor was that which he undertook in connection with the establishment and organization of the Denton’ Academy, in the success of which institution, as in the cause of education generally, he manifested the warmest interest. In the spring of 1845, Judge Bartol removed to Baltimore city, still continuing the practice of his profes- sion; although in 1855, on account of his health, which was still infirm, he fixed his residence a short distance from the city, in Baltimore County. Although at all times a consistent Democrat of the old-fashioned States Rights school, as already remarked, he had never been a politi- cian; and it was, therefore, with feelings of greater sur- prise than gratification, that he received the announcement that without any solicitation, or previous knowledge’ even on his part, he had been appointed by Governor Ligon to fill the vacancy on the bench of the Court of Appeals, oc- casioned by the resignation of the Hon. John Thomson Mason. This: was in 1857, and in the fall of the same year, the choice which Governor Ligon had made was rati- fied by the people in the election of Judge Bartol as a member of the Appellate Court, for the judicial district composed of the counties of Alleghany, Washington, Frederick, Carroll, Harford, and Baltimore. His term of service expiring in 1867, and he having, in the meantime, removed to Baltimore city, where he now resides, he was specially elected by the people of Baltimore, a Judge of the Court of Appeals, under the revised Constitution of that year, and was designated by the Governor, by and with the advice of the Senate, Chief Judge of the Court over which he now presides. The judicial character of Judge Bartol’s mind appears to have been recognized by the pro- fession even before he had been called to the bench. On the election of the late Judge Constable, under the Consti- tution of 1851, it became necessary that a special judge should be chosen to sit in the trial of the many important causes in Harford County, in which Judge Constable was disqualified. By the unanimous request of the members of the bar of that county, Mr. Bartol was appointed to fill the office, which he did to the entire satisfaction of the bar and the public, holding several terms of the court, and decid- ing many important causes. He has been frequently called upon to act as arbitrator in controversies which the parties desired to settle without the delays and formalities incident to atrial at law. For this delicate and responsible duty, the clearness and fairness of Judge Bartol’s mind, his strict impartiality, his calm, judicial temper, and his readi- ness to hear patiently both sides, and to withhold his own judgment until the case was fully before him, particularly qualified him. He has now sat upon the bench of the highest court in the State for thirteen years. His term of service has extended through the most trying period in the history of the country and the State, during all which time no imputation has been cast upon his personal or judicial 132 character from any quarter; and he has commanded al- ways the respect and confidence of men of all parties, and of the entire people of the State. Conservative both by nature and habit, he is singularly free from those judicial crotchets and vagaries from which, sometimes, the ablest judges do not escape, and into which the most learned and the cleverest are, perhaps, the most prone to fall. He brings to the consideration of every case which comes before him a mind remarkably free from undue prejudice or bias. His judicial manner is also singularly fortunate. It is a model of courtesy and blandness. It is true, that judges in an appellate court escape many of the annoy- ances and vexations which try the temper of 7s¢ prius judges. Still there is no judicial station which is without its share of weariness both of flesh and spirit. In the Court of Appeals of Maryland, counsel are usually limited in their speeches to one hour and a half. It is very possi- ble, however, to be both wordy and dull within the limits allowed, but under no infliction of the kind is Judge Bar- tol ever known to betray the slightest discomposure or im- patience. This faculty itself of listening patiently is very desirable in a judge, and when it is accompanied, as in Judge Bartol’s case, by a manner unexceptionally kind and genial, it inspires confidence on the part of counsel and suitors, and wins universal regard. To young lawyers, especially, his manner is always particularly reassuring and pleasant, tending to relieve their inexperience and embar- rassment. Judge Bartol’s opinions, delivered since he has been upon the bench of the Court of Appeals, are to be found in every volume of the published Maryland Reports, from the tenth to the thirty-first (the last published), inclusive. They are inferior neither in matter nor man- ner to any which those volumes contain, and support the high reputation which the court has always enjoyed for ability, impartiality, and learning. The term for which Judge Bartol is elected, is fixed by the Constitution at fif- teen years, and the age at which, by the same instrument, a judge ceases to be eligible for re-election is seventy years. But Judge Bartol’s term will not expire until 1882, when he will be within one year of the age at which the Con- stitution would make him ineligible. The personal popu- larity of a judge is not always the best criterion of his fitness for the position; but in Judge Bartol’s case, it may be fairly accepted as the just reward of important public duties faithfully performed. As a man, he is not less re- spected and esteemed than as a judge. Indeed, purity of private life, and of personal character, are so essential to the judicial office, that it is difficult to understand how the two can be separated, or how men can retain that respect for the magistrate which they have lost for the man. In the case of Judge Bartol, there is no occasion to draw the invidious distinction; but the same qualities which dis- tinguish his official career adorn and dignify his private life. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ‘ SWay IDGELY, James Lor, Grand Secretary I. 0. 0. F., i) KG was born in the city of Baltimore, January 27, fsa ~=6-1807. His father, Lot Ridgely, an old and re- spected merchant of Baltimore, and his ancestors for a number of generations, were natives of Mary- land. His mother was Mary Williams, of Prince George’s County, Maryland. His ancestors came from England about two centuries ago, and settled in the piny woods of Maryland. His uncle, Nicholas H. Ridgely, a man of large wealth, was President of the United States Bank of Discount of Illinois, and afterwards President of the State Bank of Illinois. James L. Ridgely pursued his scientific and classical studies at St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburg, Maryland. He studied law with David Hoffman, Profes- sor of Law in the University of Maryland, and was admit- ted to the Baltimore bar, in 1828. He was a member of the Baltimore City Council, in 1834 and 1835; a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1838; and a mem- ber of the Constitutional Conventions of 1849 and 1864. He was initiated into the order of Odd Fellows in 1829; became a member of the Grand Lodge of Maryland in 1830; of the Grand Lodge of the United States in 1831; in the latter he was elected Grand Sire in 1836, and again a few years later, but declined both elections. Since 1842, hav- ing been re-elected biennially, he has been Grand Corre- sponding and Recording Secretary. In the United States and Great Britain the Order now numbers over one million, and its membership is continually increasing. In 1842, Mr. Ridgely went to Europe as a delegate from the Grand Lodge of the United States, where he spent about six months, during which time he visited England, Ireland, Scotland, and France. In early life,as a Whig, he took an active part in politics. Now he votes and acts with the Democratic party. In 1852, he became Register of Wills for Baltimore County, and continued to fill that office for twelve years. Since 1855, he has been President of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Under the administra- tion of President Lincoln, he became United States Collec- tor of Internal Revenue, which position he held until the election of General Grant. Being deeply interested in edu- cation, he has given to the public school system, ever since its inception, his cordial and efficient support. He was several years President of the Baltimore County Board of Education. He has written and published many valuable articles, and has now in preparation for the press a history of American Odd Fellowship, which is quite an elaborate work, containing five hundred and twenty-eight pages. This work has been prepared with great care and research, and is the best textbook for all information pertaining to that Order. Since 1858, he has been a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church. In 1828, he married Anna Jane, daughter of Major Jamison, of Baltimore. She died in 1835. In 1836, he married Esther P., second daughter of Major Jamison. He has three children living, two sons and a daughter. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1764, in Annapolis, Maryland. He was the son of Jonathan Pinkney, an Englishman, and received : his education at King William School, while Mr. { Brefhard was the principal. At the age of nineteen he attracted the notice of Judge Samuel Chase, who per- suaded him to give up his situation in an apothecary store, in Baltimore, encouraged him in the adoption of the pro- fession of law, and greatly assisted him, pecuniarily and otherwise, in prosecuting his legal studies. As soon as he came to the bar, in 1786, he gave promise of those splendid abilities which afterwards made him one of the most re- nowned lawyers, orators and statesmen of his age. He commenced the practice of law in Harford County, Mary- land, and represented that county in the Maryland Conven- tion which ratified, April 28, 1788, the Constitution of the United States. He represented his district in the first Congress of the United States, from March 4, 1789 to March 3, 1791. In 1792, 1793 and 1794, he was one of the Executive Council of Maryland, and was elected its President ; after which he represented his native county in the Legislature of Maryland. In 1796, he was appointed, by President Washington, Commissioner to England, to carry out the provisions of the treaty made by John Jay, and remained in London eight years. While abroad, he assisted Samuel Chase in recovering the Bank of England stock belonging to the State of Maryland. On May 12, 1806, he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Commis- sioner to England, with James Monroe, to settle all differ- ences with Great Britain, and to promote amicable com- Mr. Monroe left England, October 7, 1807, and Mr. Pinkney remained, as Minister Resident, until May 7, 1811. Inthat year he settled in Baltimore, and was elected to the Senate of Maryland, but declined, in order to accept the position of Attorney-General of the United States, which he held from December 11, 1811, to February 10, 1814. During the war of 1812-1815, he commanded, as Major, a battalion of riflemen, and was wounded, August 24, 1814, at Bladensburg. He was a member of the XIVth Congress, from December 4, 1815, to March 7, 1816, when he was commissioned, by Presi- dent Monroe, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- tentiary to Russia and Naples. He remained abroad, in the service of the United States, until February 14, 1818. Upon the death of Hon. Alexander Contee Hanson, he was elected to the United States Senate, and served from December 21, 1819, until his death, February 25, 1822. He married Ann Maria Rodgers, a sister of Commodore John Rodgers, of the United States Navy, and the daughter of John Rodgers, of Havre-de-Grace, Maryland. He was the father of ten children, two of whom, Edward Coote and Frederick Pinkney, inherited some of their father’s talents. The former was born October 1, 1802, and died April 11, 1828; and the latter, born October 14, 1804, and died June 13, 1873. 18 mercial relations. 133 we EE, GOVERNOR THOMAS SIM, was born, in the year q ie 1743, in Prince George’s County, Maryland, and ry received a liberal education. On January 13, 1776, be he was elected, by the Maryland Convention, Major a of the Lower Battalion of Prince George’s County. He was Governor of Maryland from 1779 to 1783, and represented his State in the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784. He served, again, as Governor of Maryland from 1792 to 1794. He died in 1810. Ont) OWeGARLE, Hon. RicHarp TILGHMAN, was born June yy wa 23, 1767, at the residence of his father, near Cen- ae treville, Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. He p* i was the seventh child of a family of ten children. His father, Richard Tilghman Earle, was a mer- chant, located on his landed estate, near Centreville, and traded directly with mercantile houses in England. He was a man of intelligence and prominence, and filled sev- eral positions of trust and honor. He was the son of James Earle and Mary Tilghman; she was the daughter of Richard and Anna Maria (Lloyd) Tilghman, and a sister of Hon. Matthew Tilghman. James Earle was the son of Michael Earle and Ann Carpenter, of Trumpington, Kent County, Maryland, and the grandson of James Earle, the emigrant, who was born in England, July 25, 1631, settled in Maryland, with his wife, Rhoda Earle, Novem- ber 15, 1683, and died September 24, 1684. The family are believed to be of the Craglethorpe family, Lincoln- shire, England. The heraldic bearings of an ancient seal in the possession of the family indicates this origin. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Ann Chamber- laine, daughter of Samuel Chamberlaine, of Talbot Coun- ty, Maryland. The following account of the genealogy of the Chamberlaine family was obtained from John Cham- berlaine, Jr., of Great Southall, Cheshire, England, by Thomas C. Earle, a brother, who visited his relatives in 1795. The Chamberlaines were descended from the Count De Tankerville, of Tankerville Castle, in Normandy, and came into England with William the Conqueror. John De Tankerville, a younger son of that Count, was Lord Chamberlain to Henry I. Richard De Tankerville, his son, was Lord Chamberlain to King Stephen, and assumed the name of his office as his surname. From this Richard Cham- berlaine, Samuel Chamberlaine was descended, through his father, Thomas Chamberlaine, who died, at Great South- all, Cheshire, England, in April, 1757, at the advanced age of ninety-nine years. Richard Tilghman Earle was educated at Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland, and grad- uated in May, 1787. He studied law with Thomas B. Hands, of Chestertown, and at the end of three years came to the bar. His great diffidence, for a time, im- 134 peded his success as a speaker; but, after many efforts, he overcame it, rose to distinction in his profession, and ac- quired a lucrative practice. On May 20, 1809, he was appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of his father-in-law, Judge James Tilghman, one of the Judges of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, and Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District, composed of Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne’s, and Talbot counties. He dis- charged the duties of this position with great faithful- ness and ability, for more than twenty-five years, until his failing health compelled him to resign, in 1834. He was a man of great energy and force of character; deeply interested in the progress of his State, and took a de- cided and leading part in all measures that promoted the welfare of his county. He was a profound jurist, and an able, upright judge. No man ever held the scales of justice more evenly, or gave his decisions more fearlessly. His sound judgment, in the ordinary every-day business of life, as well as in the weightier matters of the law, was regarded as but little short of infallible. He was a man of a very high type of character; a warm friend, a devoted husband, and an affectionate father; studying, inall things, the good of his children. He was an ornament to the large circle of friends and relatives of which he was the centre. He was ever ready to relieve suffering, and the oppressed never failed to find in hima friend. A friend, an ex-judge, writing to his son, said: “I knew your venerable father, when on the bench, a station which no man more adorned than he; a model in social life, of pro- fessional integrity, of judicial purity and dignity, who en- hanced the position, but whom no place could honor. In Lucan’s Pharsalia, these words are applied to Cato: ‘Clarum et venerabile nomen,’ I apply them to him.” He died November 22, 1843. He had long been an ac- tive, earnest member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and, after a well-spent life, was gathered to his fathers, in the blessed hope of a glorious immortality. He married, December 4, 1801, Mary Tilghman, who was born Feb- ruary 6, 1783, the daughter of Judge James and Elizabeth (Johns) Tilghman. She died December 11, 1836, and had ten children, viz., Elizabeth Ann, who married Philip Henry Feddeman; Mary Maria, who married Philip T. Davidson; Susanna Frisby; Henrietta Maria, who mar- ried Dr. David Stewart; Hon. James Tilghman, a me- moir of whom is contained in this volume; Richard Tilghman, who was twice married, first, to Catharine Spencer, and subsequently, to her sister, Elizabeth A. Spencer; Samuel Tilghman, who married Mary Brundige ; George, John Charles, and Sarah Catharine, who married Dr. Joseph E. M. Chamberlaine. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 09 SWRGARLE, Hon. James Ti:cHMaN, was born July 30, Sve 41814, at “ Winton,” the estate of his father, in (7; | Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. He was the : t son of Hon. Richard Tilghman Earle, a sketch of whom is contained in this volume. He was edu- cated at Harvard College; graduated in the class of 1834, and, after devoting three years to the study of law, under the direction of his father, turned his attention to agricul- tural pursuits, in which he distinguished himself. In 1848-49, with Charles B. Calvert and others, he re-estab- lished the Maryland Agricultural Society, and laid the foundation of its prosperity and usefulness. He was one of its most active Vice-Presidents for several years, and at its regular meetings, in the discussion of important agri- cultural questions, won a high reputation as an able, well- informed speaker. He was the author of the resolution asking Congress to establish a National Agricultural Col- lege, and to make an appropriation of the public lands for the endowment of an Agricultural College within the limits of each State in the Union. He also advocated the erection of a separate Agricultural Department by the Federal Government. In recognition of his services, he was elected, in 1854, President of the Maryland Agricultural Society, and originated the system of collecting informa- tion concerning the coming crops, which was adopted in other States, and has been followed by the National Agri- cultural Department, at Washington. He was instrumental in securing the charter of the Maryland Agricultural College; was the first President of its Board of Trus- tees, and served, with Charles B. Calvert, on the commit- tee under whose direction the College building was erected, in 1858. In the stormy and hazardous campaign of 1864, he was nominated, by the Democrats of Queen Anne’s County, and elected to the Senate of Maryland; was re- elected in 1866, and also, under the new Constitution, in 1867 and 1871. He was, therefore, a member of the Sen- ate of Maryland during the trying sessions of 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1870, 1872, and 1874, and was one of its most useful members. He was mainly instrumental in securing the passage of the bill calling the Constitutional Conven- tion of May 8, 1867, and giving to the smaller counties an increased representation in that convention. He servedas Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Senate, in the sessions of 1867, 1868, 1870, 1872, and 1874. During the session of 1872, he brought forward the project of a ship canal to connect the waters of the Chesapeake and Dela- ware, and procured the appointment of a joint committee, of which he was chairman, to present the subject to the Federal Government. He was the author of the act of 1872, which established, as a distinct bureau, the Insurance Department. In 1874, he framed and introduced a bill concerning immigration, and supported it by an elaborate argument, which was considered “the speech of the ses- sion.” By his last public service to the State, he connected his name honorably with the Centennial Exhibition of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1876. He married, December 15, 1841, Anne Johns, daughter of Kensey Johns, Jr., Chancellor of Delaware. She died, without issue, October 8, 1842, and, on Decem- ber 20, 1849, he married Ann Catharine Tilghman, daugh- ter of Colonel John Tilghman. She died, November 22, 1876, in the sixty-second year of her age, leaving two children: Mary Elizabeth Earle, and Ann Johns Earle, who married, June 18, 1874, William H. Babcock, and had a child, Rose Earle Babcock. ARTER, BERNARD, Attorney-at-Law, Baltimore, As Maryland, was born in that State, in Prince George’s “Ras County, July 20, 1834. His father, Charles H. Carter, a native of Virginia, was the son of Bernard Moore Carter, and the grandson of Charles Carter, of Shirley, on the James River. The last-named was a grand- son of Robert Carter, of colonial days, better known as “ King Carter,” a title given to him on account of his im- mense landed estates, and his great influence in the affairs of the colony. On his mother’s side Charles H. Carter was the grandson of General Henry Lee, of Virginia, the famous “Light Horse Harry Lee,” of the Revolutionary army, the father of General Robert E. Lee, whose mother, the second wife of “Light Horse Harry,” was a sister of Bernard M. Carter, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. The mother of the latter was Rosalie Eugenia, the daughter of George Calvert, of Riverdale, Prince George’s County, Maryland. He was the son of Benedict Calvert, of Mount Airy, ofthe same county, and the grandson of Charles, the sixth Lord Baltimore. The wife of George Calvert was Rosalie Eugenia Stier, the only daughter of Henry J. Stier d’Aertzlaer, of Antwerp, Belgium, a gen- tleman of large wealth and noble family, who, becoming alarmed at the state of affairs in Europe, in the height of the French revolution, left Antwerp and came to America, in 1794, bringing with him his wife and daughter, and as much of his property as he could put into transportable shape. He had, for that day, a notable collection of pic- tures, which he also brought with him. Among them were many works of Rubens, of whom he was a lineal de- scendant. He came with the intention of making a final settlement in America, but in 1805 Belgium was annexed to France, and he was obliged to return, in order to save from confiscation the valuable landed estates he had left in that country, léaving behind him his daughter, who had in the meantime been married to Mr. Calvert. Bernard Carter, the subject of this biography, graduated in 1852, from the College of St. James, Washington County, Maryland, tak- ing the degree of A.B., and three years later received from the same institution the degree of A.M. After leaving college he pursued his legal studies at the Law School of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, then in 135 charge of Professor Parsons—since so well known as the able author of the admirable treatises on various branches of the law—and Chief Justice Parker, formerly of New Hampshire. Mr. Carter received his degree of Bachelor of Laws from that University, in 1855, and came immedi- ately to Baltimore, where he entered the office of Mr. J. Mason Campbell, then one of the most distinguished lead- ers of the profession, upon whose motion he was admitted to the bar, by the Hon. B. C. Presstman, then the Judge of the Supreme Court of Baltimore City. Mr. Carter has ever since remained in the same place, and continued the practice of the law at the Court of Appeals of Maryland, and the Supreme Court of the United States, to the bar of which he was admitted, in the year 1865, making his first argument in the case of the steamer Louisiana, reported in third Wallace Reports, page 165. In his report of the case the court reporter paid Mr. Carter the quite unusual compliment, by noting the fact that it was his first appear- ance in the Supreme Court, and that his argument was a very excellent one. In the autumn of 1861, Mr. Carter was the nominee of the Democratic party for the position of State’s Attorney of Baltimore City, and in 1864 for the office of Attorney-General of the State of Maryland. On both of these occasions, it being during the period of the late war, the Democratic party was unsuccessful, and Mr. Carter, and the others on that ticket, were defeated. For two terms, in the years 1869 and 1870, he was a member of the first branch of the City Council of Baltimore, and was made chairman of most of the important committees of that body, including the Committee of Ways and Means, that on Jones’s Falls, and on the New City Hall. As chair- man of the last-named committee, it was chiefly through his personal exertions that the very excellent Building Com- mittee—composed of Ex-Mayor Vansant and others—were selected, under whom that splendid structure was so eco- nomically built. When a convention was called, in 1867, to form a new Constitution for the State of Maryland, Mr. Carter was elected one of the members from Baltimore city. This convention, composed of the leading men from all parts of the State, met at Annapolis, in May, 1867, and~ framed the present Constitution of the State. While it numbered one hundred and eighteen members, there were but seventeen committees, of the most important of which Mr. Carter was a member, and of one of which he was made chairman, that of Revision and Compilation, the committee to whom was referred all the provisions passed by the convention for arrangement and revision, before their final adoption; and as the committee was not appointed until after the convention had been in ses- sion for a long time, the selection of the members to compose this committee was justly considered as a great compliment to each; their selection being 2 tribute paid by the distinguished President of the convention—the Hon, Richard B, Carmichael, of Queen Anne’s County—to the abilities they had displayed during the session of the 136 convention. In September, 1878, Mr. Carter was elected by the regents of the University of Maryland, as one of the Professors of its flourishing law school, located in Balti- more. He was married, April 20, 1858, to Mary B., daugh- ter of David Ridgely, of White Marsh, Baltimore County, and granddaughter of General (and Governor) Charles Ridgely, of Hampton, in the same county. Mr. and Mrs. Carter have had twelve children, ten of whom are living. Mr. Carter is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. After the death of J. M. Campbell, he was appointed coun- sel for the Northern Central Railroad Company, and after the death of Daniel Clark, was appointed counsel for the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Company, which positions he now holds. en a3 UGENBEEL, Perer, Merchant and Legislator, was 5 ee born November 25, 1833, at Unionville, Frederick “i County, Maryland. His parents, William and i Margaret (Shriner) Lugenbeel, were natives of Mary- land, and of German descent. Mr. Lugenbeel was educated at Calvert College, Carroll County, Maryland, and Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Owing to the death of his father, he was thrown entirely upon his own resources for a livelihood at the age of fifteen. He worked on a farm in summer and went to school in‘win- ter, and after attaining the age of eighteen, had saved enough from his earnings to enable him to attend college, by working on the farm and teaching school at intervals during his collegiate course. He left college in 1854, without graduating, and after devoting one year to teaching, commenced business as a merchant at Unionville, in which he has ever since continued. Although he had many discouragements to contend against, he finally suc- ceeded in building up a prosperous business. He was postmaster of Unionville, under Lincoln’s administration, was superseded during Andrew Johnson’s term, and re- appointed under Grant. At the urgent solicitation of his friends and neighbors, he consented to accept the nomina- tion on the Republican ticket as a Representative in the Maryland Legislature, and was elected by a handsome ma- jority, being warmly supported by members of both parties. Mr. Lugenbeel made no effort to secure his election, but was chosen on account of his personal merit. He was a firm Union man during the civil war, having to leave his home several times on account of the bitter feeling against loyal men, and the threatened danger from raids through that part of the State by the Confederate forces. He fre- quently rendered great aid to the Union soldiers. He was captured by the Confederate troops, just before the battle of Gettysburg, as the Confederate army was passing through Carroll County, Mr. Lugenbeel being then on his way to Baltimore, with a wagon-load of produce, which was con- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. fiscated, his wagon burnt, and both horses taken from him. Mr. Lugenbeel is one of the most useful and reliable mem- bers of the House of Delegates. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church from boyhood, and has been very active in church work, contributing thereto both by personal assistance and financial aid. He is superintend- ent of a Sabbath-school. For several years he has been a member of the Free Masons, and also of the Odd Fellows, having filled all the offices of the subordinate lodges, and being a member of the Grand Lodge of the latter Order. He has been an earnest and enthusiastic temperance man all his life, having been identified with the Washingtonian move- ment when he was about ten years of age. He is promi- nently identified with the various temperance organiza- tions, and is a hearty supporter of all movements designed to counteract the evil effects of the liquor traffic. g MITH, Natuan Ryno, M.D., LL.D., late Presi- QD dent of the Faculty of Physic and Emeritus Pro- fessor of Surgery, in the University of Maryland, ah was born, May 21, 1797, in the town of Cornish, on 4 the banks of the Connecticut River in New Hamp- His father, Dr. Nathan Smith, had practiced his profession in that town before his appointment to the chair of Physic and Surgery in Yale College, in 1813, when the medical department of that seat of learning was founded, and in connection with which he delivered an annual course of lectures on the Theory and Practice of Surgery and Physic, until his death,in 1828. In the practice of surgery, he displayed an original and inventive mind. His friends claim for him the establishment of scientific principles, and the invention of resources in practice, which will stand as lasting monuments of a mind fertile in expedients, and unshackled by the dogmas of the schools. The early education of the subject of this sketch was re- ceived at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, and, in 1813, he entered Yale College as a freshman, graduating there, in 1817, at the age of twenty. After completing his aca- demic course, and before beginning his professional studies, he spent about a year and a half in Virginia. To his res- idence there may, perhaps, be ascribed his first early at- tachment to the Southern people, and his strong interest in Southern institutions and politics, which in after-life de- veloped into the intense feeling that he manifested in the disastrous years of the decline and fall of the Southern cause. On his return from Virginia he began the study of medicine in Yale College, where his father then held the chair of Physic and Surgery, and there, in 1823, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. ‘The following year he began the practice of his profession in Burlington, Ver- mont, and the next year was appointed to the professorship shire. ye ye EIN « en ve co aa BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDTIA. of Surgery and Anatomy in the University of Vermont, the medical department of which was organized mainly through his own exertions, aided, however, by his father, who, while still discharging the duties of his chair in Vale, spent some weeks in Burlington, as the colleague of his son. The winter of 1825-6, he spent in Philadelphia, qualifying himself the better for his position as a teacher by attending the lectures and observing the modes of in- struction at the University of Pennsylvania. Soon after going to Philadelphia he made the acquaintance of Dr. George McClellan. That gentleman was just then asso- ciated with other physicians in laying the foundation of the Jefferson Medical School, destined afterwards to enter into distinguished and honorable rivalry with the older University. Such was the impression made upon him and his colleagues by the ability and professional knowledge of Dr. Smith, that they invited him to unite with them in their enterprise and tendered to him the chair of Anatomy in the new school. He held that position for two sessions. Among his pupils were two gentlemen who afterwards at- tained a world-wide reputation in their profession. One of these was the present illustrious head of American Sur- gery, Professor Samuel D. Gross; the other, was Dr. Washington L. Atlee, the distinguished ovariotomist. Dr. Smith never returned to New England to reside; nor was his connection with the Jefferson School of long duration. The chair of Anatomy in the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland becoming vacant by the resigna- tion of Professor Granville Sharp Pattison, in 1827, the position was tendered to Professor Smith, and accepted. The advantages of the change were obvious. The Jeffer- son School was in its infancy, but the Maryland Univer- sity had been in successful operation for twenty years, and had already attained a wide celebrity in the South and West. He entered upon his duties that year as a teacher, and was soon engaged in extensive surgical and medical practice. On the decease of Professor John B. Davidge, in 1829, Professor Smith was at once transferred to the chair of Surgery. About 1838, Professor Smith accepted an appointment to the chair of Practice of Medicine in the Transylvania University at Lexington, Kentucky, which required his attendance four months in the year. At the close of each session there, he returned to Balti- He continued that course for a few years, and then dissolved his connection with the Western institution. It was in the position which he filled for nearly fifty years as Professor of Surgery in the University of Maryland, that his life-work was done; and it is in association with that school that his name will live in the annals of American Surgery. It was there, in his early connection with it, he prepared his work on the Surgical Anatomy of the Arte- ries, which brought his name prominently before the pro- fession; there he gave to surgery his Lithotome; there he invented the apparatus which he regarded as his chief con- tribution to surgical appliances—his Anterior Splint; and more. 137 there, as his last offering to science, he published his work on Fractures of the Lower Extremity. When he entered the University of Maryland he was comparatively young. His reputation was yet to be achieved, and his professional appointment was an adventitious circumstance in this di- rection. He would have risen without it, more slowly, perhaps, but surely. Whatever of obligation was laid upon him by the appointment he amply repaid by his stead- fast efforts to advance her interests, and by the lustre which during a long course of years he reflected upon her. The qualities by which Nathan Ryno Smith won his profes- sional position, were great acuteness of perception, an ex- traordinary power of adaptation to circumstances as they might arise, promptness of action, which sees what is needed to be done and immediately does it, and, above all, indomitable, untiring industry. As was said of Sir Thomas Wilde, so may be said of him: ‘“ He had industry enough to succeed without talents, and talents enough to succeed without industry.”” In 1867, when he had completed his seventieth year, he visited Europe, merely for relaxation and recuperation. He had no professional object in view, but, at the same time, it was natural that his attention should be turned to subjects which had been the chief in- terests of his life. He accordingly visited many of the noted European hospitals’; and as his reputation had long preceded him, he received everywhere a cordial welcome from the most distinguished surgeons of Great Britain and the continent. He returned home in October of that year, strengthened and refreshed to some degree. But painful disease and the infirmities of age began to press upon him, so that he was compelled to devote less attention to his professional work; yet he did not entirely withdraw from practice until the last few months before his death. Finally, July 3, 1877, a few weeks after he had completed his eightieth year, life’s labors ended, and he slept in death. Professor Smith had devoted time, and thought, and earn- est investigation to the question of man’s immaterial being and its destinies in the future, and he found that best solu- tion which is offered by the Christian faith. This he ac- cepted in its fulness. In the pain and suffering of which he had largely to partake, he found his solace and his sup- port in the one source of comfort and pardon and peace. In Baltimore he found a congenial home; fifty years of his life were completed there, and when he was laid to rest, his name had been for whole lifetimes a household word. From the Alleghanies to the Chesapeake, no one was more thoroughly in heart and feeling a son of thesoil, more truly a Marylander than he; and no one was held in higher esteem in the community. He was regarded as the Nestor of his profession, and for many years was known as the “‘ Emperor,” a title conferred upon him because of his nobility of character, and his eminent attainments as a physician and surgeon. Professor Smith left but one son, Dr. Alan P. Smith, who is also engaged in medical and surgical practice. 138 G@WeMITH, ALAN PENNEMAN, M.D., was born Febru- D ary 3, 1840, in the city of Baltimore. His father was Professor Nathan Ryno Smith, for the long t period of fifty years connected with the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland; the author of several valuable medical works, and the inventor of the well-known instrument for the easy and safe performance of the operation of lithotomy, previously known as one of the most formidable, difficult, and dangerous of capital operations. It is now employed by many of the first sur- geons in all parts of the world. The Professor himself employed it in about two hundred and fifty cases, and in almost every instance with success. He was also the in- ventor of an apparatus for fractures of the lower extremity, termed the Anterior Suspensory Apparatus, different from anything before employed in this difficult branch of sur- gery. In gunshot wounds of the lower extremities, it has almost entirely dispensed with the necessity of amputation. It is highly commended by the European surgeons. His grandfather, Nathan Smith, was Professor of Surgery and Medicine in Yale College, from the first institution of that chair, in 1813, until his death, in 1828, full of years and professional honors. Dr. Alan P. Smith received his edu- cation in Baltimore, under private tuition, and graduated from the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland, in 1861, and immediately commenced the practice of medi- cine and surgery, in Baltimore. In 1868, he was elected adjunct Professor of Surgery in the University of Maryland, and in 1875 was elected Professor of Operative Surgery, which position he held for two years, and then resigned on account of his largely increasing private practice. He is connected in some way with nearly every hospital in the city of Baltimore as consulting physician or surgeon. The doctor has performed up to this time (1879), the operation of lithotomy in fifty-three cases, being successful in every instance. He is one of the original trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital ; belongs to the Masonic order, and is a member of almost every medical society in the State of Maryland. a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, as was his father. He married, October 15, 1863, Miss Emily A. Jones, daughter of Andrew D. Jones, Esq., of Baltimore, who was son of Talbot Jones, of the same city. They have six children, four'sons and two daughters. The oldest son is fourteen years of age, and named for his grandfather, Nathan Ryno Smith. The oldest daughter is two years younger, and is named Mary Talbot Smith. In politics, he is conservative; and in religion, CG: GEORGE, Merchant and Farmer, was born in N fs Harford County, June 17, 1789. His family, i which for generations belonged to the Society of by Friends, was descended from a noble family in England, and is mentioned in the “ Book of Her- aldry.”’ Before attaining the age of twenty, he removed BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to Frederick County, where he spent the remainder of his life. He became a successful merchant, but delighted also in his farm, which he kept in the highest state of cultiva- tion. He was called a model farmer. He married Sarah Roberts, a lady of great beauty and remarkable force of character. In her youth she excelled in horsemanship, and on one occasion, with a party of young people, attempted to ford the Potomac River. Suddenly she found herself in deep water, but retaining perfect self-possession, she kept her seat, and guiding her horse, he swam safely with his fair burden to the opposite shore. George Cox was called by those who knew him well, one of nature’s noblemen. In all the relations of life, he was just and upright, a man whose word was never questioned. His kindness and hospitality were proverbial. His life was prolonged beyond the average, and was rich in deeds of love and charity. He died after a brief illness at Mountain View, his residence, June 2, 1857. His death called forth the warmest eulogies from the press of his county. He left a considerable estate to his widow and children, but they value the memory of his rare and beautiful life far above all earthly possessions. i OX, E. Gover, Physician and Surgeon, son of 4, George Cox, was born in Frederick County, Mary- f PUD land, August 11,1820. He was the second son in a family of nine children, five boys and four girls, os who were carefully trained by both their parents to the practical duties of life. They were sent to the best common schools in that part of the county, and in the in- tervals worked on the farm or assisted in their father’s store. Amid all the varied industries of his boyhood, Dr. Cox cherished a strong predilection for the medical pro- fession. As early as he can remember, it was his inten- tion to be a physician, and the betrayal of this predisposi- tion in a number of ways, won for him from many in the neighborhood the sodriguet of doctor. His parents also expected, as a matter of course, that he would follow this strong natural inclination. After the academy at Union- town was opened, he enjoyed its advantages till he was seventeen years of age, when he left his home and com- menced his professional studies in the Medical Department of the University of Ohio. From this institution he graduated M.D., in 1840, the year made memorable by the election of General Harrison to the Presidency of the United States. It had been his intention to settle in the West, but on account of the great depression of the times, he returned to the East. He commenced the practice of his profession near Harper’s Ferry, and at once secured a large practice both in Maryland and Virginia. This he attributed to the fact that the malaria from the river and canal, extending over a large territory, produced many cases of disease, and also that there was no other physician BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. within a radius of several miles. His success, however, was almost unparalleled, not losing a single patient during the year that he remained. Still the malaria of the place so affected his own health that he was compelled to leave, and located in Uniontown, not far from his native place. His success there was also very remarkable. He was sur- rounded by older and very able physicians, and was com- pelled to work his way to a business and ‘reputation, both of which he fully secured. After a time, he matriculated at the Washington Medical College, of Baltimore, from which he graduated in 1844. In 1852, he removed to Baltimore, in which city he has continued to practice his profession for twenty-six years. Unpresuming, modest, and retiring in his nature, he has never aspired to be a leader, though his profound medical knowledge, his unwearied devotion to his calling, and his high character and ability eminently fit him for any position he might choose to oc- cupy. Heis a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and of the Baltimore Medical Asso- ciation. Though he has a large general practice, he has made a specialty of the diseases of women. His great skill and success in this important department, entitles him to be placed in the very front rank of his profession. Dr. Cox was united in marriage, June 30, 1842, to Mary, daughter of Charles Kettlewell, of Adams County, Penn- sylvania, and sister of John Kettlewell, for many years a prominent citizen and politician of Baltimore. Dr. Cox is very prominent in the society of Odd Fellows, having joined it in 1853, and has held in it every important office except that of Grand Sire. He has been for many years President of the Board of Directors of the Odd Fellows’ Library of Baltimore, which numbers twenty thousand volumes. It was in a state of great confusion when he took charge of it; almost useless as a library, on account of its chaotic condition, and the difficulty of finding a de- sired volume when called for. Under his energetic man- agement, this was soon remedied, perfect system and order were introduced into every department, and a better regu- lated library cannot now be found. Dr. Cox is of medium height; he has a large head, and pleasant benevolent coun- tenance. He is held in the highest esteem by his patients, and wins everywhere the warmest respect and regard. — Rev. Rosert Hunter, son of Wil- ¢ ) } liam and Ann Williams, was born in the city of 33 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1834. a He was prepared for college at Newark Academy, Newark, Delaware, and spent part of his college course at Delaware College, where, in the freshman year, he won the second prize for an essay on our “ National Greatness.” After graduating from Union College, under the presidency of Dr. E. Nott, he entered the Theological 139 Seminary of Princeton, New Jersey, and graduated in April, 1862. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Castle, in April, 1861, and in December of the same year received a call from the churches of Church- ville and Harmony, of Harford County, Maryland, and was ordained and installed by the Presbytery of Baltimore, September 2, 1862. Having been called to Frederick, Maryland, he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church of that city, in May, 1864. The church edifice in which he preached had been used as a hospital, the congregation was scattered, the town was filled with commotion and alarm, and two months of his ministry had hardly passed, when he was advised and induced to leave the city before the approach of General Early’s army. One of the shells of that army was thrown into the church. The pastor was sought by the Confederates after they entered the city, and when he returned to his home, he saw the blackened fields, three miles from the city, where the battle of Monocacy was fought. He was one of the earliest advocates, in the Pres- bytery of Baltimore, of the reunion of the different branches of the Presbyterian Church, and was appointed one of the delegates to represent the Presbytery in the Presbyterian Union Convention, which assembled in Philadelphia, in November, 1867. He was Moderator of the Synod of Balti- more when the reunion of the Old School and New School branches occurred, in 1870, and .preached the sermon at the reconstruction of the Synod. With pen and voice he advocated the reunion of the Presbyterian Church South, with the Presbyterian Church, and in October, 1877, se- cured the adoption of resolutions by the Synod of Balti- more, which are softening the asperities of other years. He has published several sermons and addresses, as fol- lows: “ The Good Land,” “ God’s Chosen Ruler,” “A Time to Weep,” “ Man’s Highest Wants Satisfied,” and “History of the Presbyterian Church of Frederick, Maryland.” We EVERING, EvucEng, a highly esteemed and success- a ue ful merchant of Baltimore, was born in that city, © °°? October 24, 1819. He was in the seventh gene- t ration of a family of that name, whose genealogy we propose to briefly trace. Rosier Levering, the first person of the name of whom any account is given, is sup- posed to have been a native of France, and was born about 1600. He fled from France during some of the religious persecutions of that day, and took refuge either in Holland or Germany. He married Elizabeth Van De Walle, of Wesel, Westphalia. They had two sons of whom men- tion is made, but whether other children were born to them is not known. What was his: occupation, and when he died, are questions to which no answer is given in the records. Their sons were named Wigard and Gerhard. The subject of this sketch is in the line of descent from Wigard Levering. The descendants of Gerhard occupied 140 honorable positions in life, and many of them settled in the West. The Nazareth branch of the family were influential members of the Moravian Church, one of whom, John Levering, was a missionary to Jamaica. He was born about the year 1720. Wigard Levering, of the second generation, was born about the year 1648, in the town of Gamen, Westphalia, Germany. He married Magdaline Boker, in 1671, and resided for some time at Wesel, and also at Gamen and Mulheim. They emigrated to America in 1685, bringing with them four children. Their first set- tlement was at Germantown, Philadelphia County, Penn- sylvania, where they lived until 1692, when Wigard bought five hundred acres of land at Roxborough, three miles west of his former residence, extending from the river Schuylkill to the line of German Township. This land had originally been patented by William Penn to Francis Fincher, by a warrant, dated April 25, 1684, and confirmed to him by a deed from Penn’s commissioners, dated No- vember 4, 1691. Fincher dying, his widow married Chris- topher Sibthorp, of Philadelphia, who, jointly with his wife Mary, conveyed the entire tract to Wigard for sixty pounds. It is now embraced in the northwestern part of the city of Philadelphia, and composes part of the Twenty-first ward. His wife died, in 1717, at his residence in Roxborough, at the age of ninety-seven, and was interred on his farm. They had twelve children. The tenth child, Jacob, was the first settler of Manayunk, Pennsylvania. William Lev- ering, of the third generation, was born at Mulheim, on the River Riihr, May 4, 1677. He was eight years of age when his parents brought him to America. In 1717, his father conveyed to him a large tract of land in Roxbor- ough. He died in August or September, 1746, and hence was about seventy-five years of age. He had five children, the eldest being a son, and named after his father. William Levering, of the fourth generation, was born at Roxborough, in August, 1705. He married Hannah Clem- ents, widow of Robert Clements, May 2, 1732. Her maiden name was Harden. Her first husband was a sea- captain in the East India service, and had married Miss Harden when she was but sixteen years of age. She was of English birth. Mr. Levering was a large landed pro- prietor. He built the first hotel in Roxborough, now called the “ Leverington Hotel,’’ which bears on a date- stone the inscription, “ Built by William and Hannah Lev- ering, 1731. Rebuilt by Nathan and Sarah Levering, 1784.” William carried on the hotel, together with black- smithing and farming, until his decease. At that time his farm embraced two hundred and fifty acres. It was through his exertions that the first school-house was built in Roxborough, the grounds for which having been do- nated by him, in 1748. A school-house has been kept up on that spot, almost without interruption, since that time. It is now known as “The Levering Primary School.” The present edifice was erected in 1857. His wife died, May 23, 1768, aged. fifty-nine years. He died, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. March 30, 1774, in his sixty-ninth year. They had nine children, Enoch Levering, of the fifth generation, son of William Levering, was born at Roxborough, February 21,1742. He was the owner of a large tannery at that place, and conducted business there for many years. He removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and between the years 1773 and 1775, carried on an extensive grocery business, in partnership with a Mr. Barge, under the firm name of Levering & Barge. He married Hannah Richter, April 10, 1765, a sister of his brother Aaron’s wife. Aaron served with distinction in the Revolutionary war, and was promoted for gallantry at Brandywine, Mud Fort, and Fort Mifflin. He removed to Baltimore about the year 1780. These two brothers were the founders of the Levering family in Baltimore, and were very successful merchants. Enoch Levering’s wife died, February 21, 1794, in the fifty-third year of her age, after an illness of twenty years. He died in his fifty-fourth year. They had nine children, all sons, of whom Peter was their first-born. Nathan, a brother of Enoch, was born May 19, 1745, and was a public-spirited and benevolent man. He gave the lot on which the Roxborough Baptist Church is built, and super- intended the building. It cost £580, and was dedicated October 20, 1790. He was a constituent member of the church, which, previous to the erection of the edifice, met at his house. He also gave the lots for the cemetery in which so many of the Levering family sleep. His son-in- law, Horatio Gates Jones, son of Rev. Dr. Davis Jones, a chaplain of the Revolution, wrote a very interesting book containing a genealogical account of the Levering family, to which we are indebted for these facts. Peter Levering, of the sixth generation, was born at Roxborough, February 4, 1766, and went to Baltimore with his parents, where he afterwards became extensively engaged in the shipping and commission business. He formed a partnership, first un- der the firm name of Levering & Nelms, and then with his sons, as Peter Levering & Sons. He built a large sugar refinery on the present site of Abbott’s rolling mills. He married, May 22, 1798, Hannah Wilson, daughter of Wil- liam Wilson, of the firm of William Wilson & Sons, one of the most extensive shipping houses of Baltimore. They were both members of the First Baptist Church of Baltimore. Mr. Levering died, December 7, 1843, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. His wife died, April 30, 1854, in her seventy-fifth year. They had fourteen children, Eugene being the twelfth, the only surviving ones being Thomas, an honored grain and commission merchant, of Baltimore, and Louisa Sophia, widow of W. W. Lawrason, a highly respected drygoods merchant of the same city. Eugene Levering, the subject of this sketch, was of the seventh generation: He was born in Baltimore, April 24, 1819, and was the four hundred and fifty-fifth descendant of Wigard Levering. His early education was mainly re- ceived at private schools in Baltimore. He commenced a collegiate course, but was obliged to abandon it in conse- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. quence of an injury sustained in the gymnasium. His first step after leaving school was to enter as a salesman, and afterward as bookkeeper, ina drygoods house. Having acquired sufficient practical knowledge of business, he formed a copartnership, in 1842, in the grocery trade, with his brother, Frederick A., who married Martha E. Johnson, grand-niece of the first Governor of Maryland. They carried on business until about 1847, when they re- moved to Commerce Street, under the firm name of Lever- ing & Company. In the year 1850, they removed to the present extensive building on Commerce Street, near Ex- change Place, which was built for them. In 1861, when the civil war began, they had a large trade with the South, which was not only cut off, but failing to collect, they were compelled to make a compromise, paying fifty cents on the dollar. Near the close of the war they paid off their old indebtedness, with interest, amounting to nearly one hundred thousand dollars, and were among the few who, not being legally bound, acted in accordance with a high sense of honor. In 1866, Frederick A. died, and Eugene gave his three sons, William, Eugene, and Joshua, an interest in the business, and changed the firm name to E. Levering & Company. The business gradually changed into the importing and jobbing coffee trade exclusively. Notwithstanding the comparative youth of the sons, under their father’s training and counsel, they rapidly developed into thorough masters of their business, which they success- fully conducted during their father’s sickness. He died, after a lingering illness, June 19, 1870. His widow still survives him. In his will, Mr. Levering provided that the business should be carried on as usual for five years after his decease, leaving everything at the risk of the business, and making his three sons his executors. The wisdom of such a course, by many considered critical, was demon- strated by the fact that the estate was thereby largely in- creased. He left about forty thousand dollars to various charitable and denominational institutions, payable after the settling up of the estate, which was effected in 1875. Mr. Levering was a gentleman of fine business qualifica- tions, and of a very amiable disposition. He was -affec- tionate toward his family, and enjoyed the esteem of all who knew him. He joined the First Baptist Church under Elder Jacob Knapp. His membership in late years was with the Seventh and Eutaw Place Baptist churches, Dr. R. Fuller, pastor. He was true, both to his church and his country, at alltimes. For many years he was Treas- urer of the Maryland Baptist Union Association. His loss to the denomination was greatly lamented. He married, October 4, 1842, Ann Walker, daughter of Joshua and Mary E. Walker, of Baltimore, and a descendant of Henry Sater, who came to America from England in 1709 and through whose liberality, and mainly through whose efforts, the first Baptist church in Maryland was formed, in 1842, at Saters, Baltimore County. They had twelve children, nine of whom are now living. ’ 19 141 WaACIUS, Rev. G., was born at Mainz, on the Rhine, J a September 22, 1830. His grandfather on his i mother’s side served in the Prussian army in the ee war of 1812, and was one of the most celebrated surgeons of his day. His father, Charles Facius, was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Hesse Darmstadt. The early education of Mr. Facius was received in the Academy of Biedenkoff, Hesse Darmstadt, and afterward at the Gymnasium at Glessen. Immediately after having finished his studies at the gymnasium, in 1847, he left Germany, with his parents, for the United States. Here he continued his scientific, classical and theological studies from eight to ten years. Soon after going to Baltimore he assisted in laying the corner-stone of the present Concordia building, on Eutaw Street, of the Concordia Society, then chiefly devoted to literary pursuits. He was President of that society for about ten years. From about 1857, for eighteen years, he was first assistant in Professor Knapp’s Institute. In 1874, he received a call from the German Reformed Zion Congregation, to organize and become Principal of its day school. In January, 1876, he received a call from the same congregation to become its pastor. He was immediately examined and ordained by the Mary- land Classis of the German Reformed Church of the United States, and became pastor of that church. He was one of the founders of the American German Teachers’ Associa- tion, of which he has ever since been President. He was for a number of years President of the General German Orphan Asylum. During his Presidency the present build- ing on Aisquith Street was erected. In the pulpit, Mr. Facius is a bold defender of the truth. His sermons are logical and full of pointed and striking illustrations. He has an earnest, forcible, and impressive delivery. His church has already nearly doubled under his ministry. In 1863, he married Leopoldina, daughter of John Lorz, of Bavaria. They have one child. For the last thirty years he has taken an active and efficient part in the intellectual and religious development of the German population of Baltimore, ODGE, Aucustus WILLIAM, M.D., was born Oc- a o tober 28, 1837, at Cedarville, Herkimer County, &? New York. He is the son of Caleb Dodge, Esq., te a native of Montgomery County, New York, who By married Miss Marcia Jepson, of Ashfield, Massa- chusetts, by which marriage he had eleven children, seven sons and four daughters, all of whom married and settled in different parts of the country. Caleb Dodge was a well- educated gentleman and highly esteemed for his integrity and benevolence. He died February 10, 1850, at Winfield, New York. The mother of Dr. Dodge died April 22, 1840, Dr. Dodge was the seventh son. He was educated 142 at the district school of his native town, until his fourteenth year, and on the death of his father, removed to Plymouth, Chenango County, New York, where he lived with his uncle, Daniel Dodge, and attended school at the acade- mies of Norwich and Oxford, and received instructions from a private teacher, D. G. Barber, at New Berlin, Ot- sego County, New York. In the interim of going to school he taught district schools at Pharsalia, Norwich, Sherburn, and last at Preston, Chenango County, New York. After completing his term at the latter place he decided to study medicine, and went to East Winfield, Herkimer County, New York, and commenced reading with Dr. Spencer, with whom he remained six months, and then entered the office of Dr. I. J. Hunt, of Utica, New York. After re- maining there six months, he entered Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, in the fall of 1860, where he attended lec- tures for six months, and returned to prosecute his studies at Utica, New Vork. At the breaking out of the civil war, in 1861, he went to Washington, passed an examination, and was admitted to the United States army as one of the original ninety-five cadets appointed by Surgeon-General Finley. He was then ordered on duty at West’s United States General Hospital, Baltimore, in September, 1862. In the winter following, he entered the University of Mary- land, where he graduated, in March, 1864. He served as medical officer in the West Hospital, and also in the United States general hospitals at York, Pennsylvania, and other places. He was offered a commission as assistant surgeon of the Tenth New York Cavalry, and as surgeon of the Sev- enth Maryland Regiment, both of which he declined. He susbequently entered the Fourth Maryland Regiment as as- sistant surgeon, and served from May, 1864, until the close of the war. He was executive officer of the United States General Fair Ground Hospital, after the surrender of Petersburg. On April 30, 1865, he was honorably mus- tered out of the service at Arlington Heights, Virginia. He then commenced the practice of medicine in the city of Baltimore, and from that time to the present (1878), has been extensively engaged inthe same. He was appointed Examining Surgeon of Pensions, in 1866, which position he holds at the present time, being President of the Board of Examining Surgeons of Baltimore city. In February, 1862, he was elected School Commissioner of the Fifteenth Ward of the city of Baltimore, and was the only Republi- can who held office in the municipal government for many years. The following year he was re-elected. He was commissioned by Governor Oden Bowie as Aide-de-Camp on the First Division Staff of Maryland Militia, on August 30, 1869, and afterward promoted to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel, on the same staff. He has been connected with the various medical societies, and is also a Free Mason and Odd Fellow. His religious sentiments are inclined to the Universalist belief. In politics he has always been a Republican. In personal appearance, Dr. Dodge is five feet eleven inches in height, and weighs two hundred and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. fifteen pounds. He is an active, energetic man, kind and courteous in his manner, and highly esteemed by all who know him. He enjoys a large practice, and has an exten- sive acquaintance. He was married, in 1863, to Miss Maggie J. Murray, daughter of James and Margaret Mur- ray, of Baltimore city. His wife died, December 14, 1877. She endeared herself to a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances by her many excellencies of character, and made her influence felt in the community by the active part she took in benevolent and charitable enterprises, especially in aid of the free excursions for the poor, and entertain- ments for the relief of the needy of the city. Her remains now repose in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore. The Grand Army of the Republic has passed resolutions to suitably decorate her grave with flowers, on May 30, every year—a beautiful tribute to her memory and worth. OLBURN, Avucustus WEsLEY, M.D., was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 22, 1819. His father, Dr. Edmund W. Colburn, was born in ' Leominster, in the same State, January 11, 1796, and studied at Harvard University. His ancestors were among the early settlers of Massachusetts; the first of whom the record is preserved, is Jonathan Colburn, born in 1735. His son, Pliny, was born, in Leominster, June 8, 1772. Several members of the family were patriot sol- diers in the Revolution. Dr. Edmund W. Colburn prac- ticed his profession a short time in Boston, and, in 1829, removed to Baltimore, where his family joined him two years later. For many years he taught penmanship, in which he was an expert, but finally resumed the practice of his profession, which he continued till his death, which occurred June 19, 1872. Dr. Augustus W. Colburn was educated at Mount Hope College, under President Hall, after leaving which he studied for the profession of civil engineer, but finding that it would not furnish him with the amount of business he had anticipated, he commenced studying law under Hugh Davey Evans, a prominent law- yer of that time. His removal, with his father’s family, to Washington County, interrupted his legal studies, and his brother, Edmund F., having already entered upon the practice of medicine, he decided to follow his example. Accordingly he soon after returned to Baltimore and entered the office of Professor J. R. W. Dunbar, M.D., a very prominent physician and Professor of Surgery in Washington University, from which he graduated, March 2, 1853. For nearly a year following he practiced at Loretta, Pennsylvania, a Catholic community, where, in addition to his general practice, he attended the Franciscan monks, the Sisters of Mercy, and the students of the various schools. Returning to Baltimore, he has made it from that time his home. Warmly patriotic, he entered t a) ils Piast J ua Vee BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the Union hospitals as a volunteer surgeon at the breaking out of the civil war. After a time he was appointed to regular duty as Acting Assistant Surgeon, and was con- nected with this branch of the service till the close of hostilities, after which he resumed his practice in the city of Baltimore, which is of a general nature, and has become very large and profitable. He has won the confidence of the people, and is highly honored and respected, both with them and among his professional brethren. He has been a member of the Baltimore Medical Association from the time of its formation, in March, 1866, and served as one of its first officers. Dr. Colburn is a Republican in politics. He is unmarried. His twin sister died in childhood; he has now only one sister living, Mrs. Delia Henser, of Baltimore. His brother Edmund, mentioned above, died November 30, 1858. L DKINS, Isaac Lronarp, M.D., was born at Mil- ORX: ford, Delaware, February 9, 1823. His father, 33° Leonard Adkins, was born in 1778, and died in @ 1826. He was for many years, and to the close of his life, cashier of the Commercial Bank of that town. He was of grave and dignified demeanor, and venerable in appearance, though but forty-eight years of age at the time of his death. He was a man of piety and of strictest integrity, unswerving in the discharge of duty. His mother was born in 1786, and died in 1844. Her maiden name was Sarah Shockley. Her parents were William and Elizabeth Shockley, of Sussex County, Dela- ware. Her nature was the gentlest and bravest — of mingled tenderness and fortitude, and her life was full of sacrifices for her children, who owed everything to her benign influence and example. The subject of this sketch was the youngest of eight children, and but three years old at the time of his father’s death. He was educated at the village academy, in which Alfred Emerson, Franklin Backus, and Oran R. Howard, graduates of Yale College, were teachers. Mr. Emerson became a Congregationalist minister; Mr. Backus, a lawyer of Kentucky, and Mr. Howard, a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, a doctor of divinity, and is at present rector of St. Thomas’s parish, Bath, Western New York. From this school, unable to take a college course, he went into the store of his brothers, in his native town, continuing four years, with a brief interval, until his majority, when, at the solicitation of the Philadelphia firm of Brown & Godwin, he went to New York to establish a branch of their grain commission house. In that capacity, his diligence, fidelity, and apti- tude gave promise of a successful business career. He had here opportunity to gratify, to some extent, his thirst for knowledge, and his spare hours were not wasted in mere pleasure. He was a frequent attendant at lecture 143 halls, and passed his evenings with a private teacher in study. Poor health, however, and discontent with the jar of city life, caused him to give up his business engage- ments and to seek some change. At this crisis he chanced to meet and form an acquaintance, which ripened into a strong mutual attachment, with Dr. Scruggs, of Tennessee, a successful physician and an accomplished scholar, who persuaded him to place himself under his care, and to enter upon the study of medicine. Accordingly, he soon fol- lowed that gentleman to his home, near Memphis, and under his guidance pursued his studies, often being his attendant, with lasting benefit, in his rough country prac- tice. In due time he went to Philadelphia and attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College. Here he became an office student of the eminent surgeon, the late Professor Thomas D. Miitter. He graduated, in 1848, and began the practice of medicine in Philadelphia. In 1849, Asiatic cholera visited that city, and, with the greatest fatality, the district of Moyamensing. Dr. Adkins was appointed assistant physician in the cholera hospital opened in that district. In the second month, his plan of treatment proving the most satisfactory, he was placed at the head of the hospital staff, which position he held during the con- tinuance of the epidemic. Physical prostration followed upon this fearful season of exposure and privation. His thoughtful preceptor, seeing a respite for him in the mili- tary service, urged him to go before the Army Medical Board, then in session in Philadelphia, to be examined for the post of assistant surgeon in the United States army. He passed first in the class, and was immediately commis- sioned and ordered to Fort Columbus, in New York harbor. He was next sent to Florida, and, a year afterward, to California, returning the following year on leave of absence. On his return, he was married, August 12, 1852, to Mary E., second daughter of Colonel William Hughlett, of Easton, Maryland. He resigned his commission while waiting orders in the city of Baltimore, and there commenced again the practice of his profession, but the year after he removed to Talbot County, where he engaged in agricul- tural pursuits, with success and the gain of health. He has large landed estates, which, for many years, it has been his chief business to improve, employing overseers and farm hands, keeping them under his own supervision. He is a Past-Master of Easton Grange, Patrons of Hus- bandry, and has been zealous in promoting the material and social interests of the farmer. He is quiet and unos- tentatious, and necessarily systematic in business. He has scientific tastes, and is especially fond of metaphysical studies, but, withal, is eminently practical in affairs. He has large capacity for work, and enters scrupulously into the minutest details. In 1857, he was elected a Director of the Easton Bank of Maryland, which, in 1865, became a national bank, and, in 1869, was chosen its President. This office he still holds, devoting much of his time to its duties, and enjoying the success of his institution. In 144 social and private life he has the merited confidence and regard of the community. His personal influence is not exerted for popular favor, as he has steadily adhered to an early resolve to keep out of the political arena. He was formerly a Whig, but is now a Democrat. He has been a public school commissioner, and is a trustee of the town academy. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church; a vestryman and warden; has been chosen a lay delegate to successive diocesan and general conventions ; is Treasurer of the Episcopal Fund, and of the Board of Missions. He has had six children, four of whom are living, the eldest, Franklin Bache, named for one of the authors of the United States Dispensatory, a revered friend of his father, has arrived at his majority. He is a college student, and a postulant for holy orders. The second, Martha Hughlett, graduated with the class honors last year, and was valedictorian, at Dr. Wheat’s Seminary, Winchester, Virginia; and the two youngest, William Hughlett and Virginia Lee, are yet at home attending school. @yeTEWART, CotumsBus J., was born December 1, ey) 1808, in Baltimore, Maryland. His paternal an- or" cestors were originally from Scotland, and came to fp this country, settling in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, about 1750. His father, Stephen C. Stewart, took part in the war of 1812 against the British. At the early age of twelve years, Mr. Stewart was thrown wholly upon his own resources. His education was picked up as chance offered, mostly by self-instruction. In 1826, he became for four years apprenticed to Alexander Hub- bell, in the foundry and finishing business. Having com- pleted his apprenticeship, he spent about ten months in Frederick City, assisting William S. Brown to start in the brass business. Returning to Baltimore, he soon, in con- nection with his brother, John A. Stewart, set up in the’ bell-hanging and locksmithing trade. A few years after- ward, they bought the lock patterns of George McGregor, and C. J. Stewart was instructed by him in the trade of lock-making. From that time Mr. Stewart made lock- making a specialty. In this business he has so excelled as to have few equals in Baltimore, or in the United States. The lock of Mr. Hobbs, which took the gold medal at the first World’s Fair in London, was put in competition with the lock of Mr. Stewart in the Maryland Institute Fair of 1852. The lock of Mr. Stewart was regarded superior to that of Mr. Hobbs, and by the judges was awarded the gold medal. In later years, Mr. Stewart has had awarded for his locks by the judges of the Maryland Institute Fairs, a number of gold medal certificates. The superiority of his locks has been the result of careful study and great mechanical ingenuity and skill. They have justly gained BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. for him more than a local celebrity. About 1863, Mr. Stewart began the builders’ hardware business, in which he has ever since continued with large success. He has been a Director in the Maryland Fire Insurance and Land Company, and President of the Winans Permanent Land and Loan Company. For about forty-seven years he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has for many years been a class-leader and a steward. In 1830, he married Mary Ellen, daughter of Martin Wyble, of Philadelphia, Pa. She died July 28, 1876. She was an excellent wife and mother, and a true Chris- tian. Mr. Stewart has eight children living. He is emi- nently a self-made man. Beginning the world a poor boy, and left to his own resources, by persevering industry and business sagacity, he has secured a handsome competence. By his fellow merchants, he is regarded not only as a re- liable business man, but one who is kindly and generous in word and deed. WASEEMS, GENERAL JAMES M., Professor of Music, a) and an officer in the Union army, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, January 5, 1818, being the M. son of Jacob and Susanna (Grubb) Deems. His ¢ father commanded a company of Maryland troops in the war of 1812, and his grandfather, Frederick Deems, served in the war of the Revolution. In his boyhood, Professor Deems attended the public schools of the city, but early exhibited a great fondness for music, which he studied with assiduity, but with no higher ambition than to become a good amateur musician. He left school at fourteen years of age, and commenced to learn engraving, but his mind would run continually on music, until finally he decided to make it his profession. He studied several years under Mr. George Loder, of Baltimore, and in April, 1839, sailed for Leipsic, Germany, intending to enter the Conservatory of Music, of which Mendelssohn was direc- tor. But he first visited Dresden, and there made the acquaintance of Reisign, the celebrated composer and di- rector of the opera, who informed him that although Men- delssohn was a great composer, Datzauer, the celebrated cellist, at the opera in Dresden, was the best teacher of musical composition in Germany, and, moreover, that at Dresden he would have access the whole year to fine con- certs and to the opera. This decided him to study in Dresden, where he remained until June, 1841. After visiting Paris, London, Brussels, and other cities cele- brated for musical performances, he returned to Baltimore in September of that year, and commenced teaching music. In April, 1848, he was appointed teacher of music at the University of Virginia, where he remained until June, 1858. He then took his family to Europe, and travelled until September of the following year, when hé returned BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to Baltimore, and resumed his profession. During these years, teaching had not been his only dependence, but he had also composed and published many pieces of music. In-August, 1861, he assisted in raising the First Maryland Cavalry, in which he was commissioned Senior Major. He served in Virginia under Generals Miles, Saxon, Ham- ilton, Slough and Siegel. Previous to the second battle of Bull Run, he was attached to the staff of the Eleventh Army Corps. After that battle, he was promoted to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and served as chief of cavalry of the Eleventh Corps, until the formation of the Cavalry Corps under General Stoneman, when he was ordered to his regiment. He commanded the regiment on Stoneman’s great raid; it was then in General Gregg’s Division; he also commanded it in all those heavy cavalry fights against Stewart’s Cavalry, at Brandy Station, Aldie, Up- perville, and other places, on their way to Gettysburg. At that battle, he commanded his regiment, and afterwards at Shepherdstown, and in many minor engagements. In September, 1863, being unable to ride any longer on ac- count of rheumatism contracted in the service, he was ordered to the hospital in Washington, and afterwards to Annapolis, Maryland, where he was mustered out of the United States service in November, 1863. At the close of the war he was breveted Brigadier-General for gallant and distinguished service in the field. Previous to the war, he was an old-line Whig, but has since been a Re- publican. He was made an Odd Fellow at the age of twenty-two, and a Mason when thirty-two. He is a mem- ber of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Society of the Army of the Potomac, the Society of the Stars and Stripes, and of the Musical Union of Baltimore, and the Musical Fund Society of New York. He has made three trips to Europe, and travelled in England, Ireland, France, Bel- gium, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. In his religi- ous opinions, he is inclined to the Lutheran Church. In October, 1844, he was married, by the Rev. Dr. John G. Morris, to Miss Mary I. Flack, daughter of James and Rachel Flack. He has four children, Florence, now Mrs. W. T. Young; James Henry, organist and pianist, and Professor of Music in the Western Female High School of Baltimore; Clarence, a graduate of West Point, and Lieutenant in the Fourth United States Artillery; and Charles W., organist and pianist, and engaged in mercan- tile business. Professor Deems has composed orchestral ‘music for over forty years; his published works are, Vocal Music Simplified, one hundred and seventy-two pages, an entirely original work; two volumes in Treble and Bass Clef, Deems’s Solfeggi, for teaching vocal music in classes; Piano Instruction Book, and Organ Instruction Book, Esther, a grand opera, of over six hundred pages; Zhe Dead Guest, a comic opera; and an oratorio, Mebuchadnezzar, with a great number of minor compositions, sacred songs in sheet form, standard church music, and patriotic songs. 145 field, Massachusetts. His grandfather, on his e father’s sidé, Samuel Miller, was a minister, noted for his ability, wit, and Christian devotion. His father, John M. Miller, was a manufacturer, of Sheffield, Massachusetts. His mother, Mercia Bryant, was a descendant of the Puritans. Mr. Miller, when ten years of age, was put, by his father, ona farm. After six months of harsh experience of farm life, he became heartily tired of it, and went home, leaving the farm at midnight. Having seen the harbor of New Haven, and being pleased with the appearance of the vessels, and the apparently easy mode of a sailor’s life, he wished to go to sea. So, when a few months over ten years of age, his father put him on board a vessel, engaged in the coasting trade, in which he spent about five years. But he found the life of a seaman different from what it had first ap- peared to him. For so young a boy, he had to endure great hardships and privations. When about fifteen years of age, he commenced sailing to the West Indies. From this time he made many voyages to different parts of the world. He gradually rose through all the grades of sea- manship, until he became captain and owner. He was the first to take, in an American vessel, a cargo of fruit from the West Indies to London, England. Mr. Miller never made habitual use of either intoxicating liquors or eM) ILLER, O. W., was born, April 26, 1827, at Shef- De -tobacco, to which sailors are very much addicted. Al- though, for fifteen years he sailed as captain, so excellent was his seamanship, his caution and sagacity, that he never had a vessel which he commanded lost. Neither, in all that time, did he ever lose a man, or meet with any seri- ous accident. In 1862, in company with C. S. Bushnell, he began to build steamships. This he continued to do until he had built seventeen steamers, some of which were built by contract. The others, in almost every case, were sold. almost as soon as built, and many of them, before they were finished. A number of them were bought by the United States Government. They were all sold ata good profit. He still holds an interest in a number of ves- sels. In 1864, he went to New York, and, for several years, was engaged in the ship-brokerage business. He then went to Baltimore, Maryland, and engaged in the oyster and fruit-packing business, in which he has since continued. In 1871, he associated with him, Mr. G. W. Bunnell, with whom he has since done a large business. On December 8, 1854, he married Elizabeth H., daughter of Mr. Dan. Smith, of Fair Haven, Connecticut, a man who, by his sterling integrity and business acumen, had raised himself to a fine business and social standing. Mr. Miller has two children living. Mr. Miller is eminently a self-made man. In childhood, thrown upon his own re- sources, and into the daily companionship of those among whom corrupting influences are usually rife, he not only avoided the grosser vices, but maintained a degree of moral purity which is not often found among those who 146 have been hedged by the best social restraints. Amidst the active duties and the beguiling influences of a sea- man’s life, he found time so to perfect himself in the science of navigation, as not only to raise himself to the first command, but in the most intricate and difficult voy- ages, never to meet with a serious accident. By his fellow- merchants he is regarded asa man broad in his views, sagacious in his conclusions, genial in his feelings, and kindly in his acts. i oe CrepHas Dopp, Lawyer, was born, January 26, 1838, in Washington County, Penn- sylvania. When he was five years of age, his father removed with him to Monongalia Coun- ty, Virginia, where Cephas attended school until thirteen years of age. In his fourteenth year, he entered Washington College, Washington County, Pennsylvania; that institution now being known as the Washington and Jefferson College, and it is a matter worthy of record, that that institution was founded by his great-grandfather. He diligently pursued his studies there for four years, and, at the age of eighteen, went to Pittsburgh, where he entered Duff’s Commercial College, in which law lectures were delivered. After receiving a diploma from that college, he returned to Monongalia County, Virginia, and com- menced reading law, in the office of Hon. Waitman T. Willey, who was, subsequently, United States Senator from West Virginia. After a close application to legal studies for two years and a half, Mr. McFarland was ad- mitted to the bar, in that county. Acting upon the ad- vice of Hon. John A. Dillie, a relative, and who was an eminent lawyer, afterwards Judge of the Circuit Court in Western Virginia, he went to Baltimore, and established himself in his profession, which he has uninterruptedly and successfully prosecuted thence to the present writing. Mr. McFarland has been engaged as counsel in several impor- tant cases, involving large amounts of money. The first con- siderable one was that of McPherson v. The State, to compel the latter to pay the Maryland Militia (which was organized immediately after the civil war) the sum of $300,000, in the absence of a law providing for the same. Governor Swann, in the interval between the sessions of the State As-- sembly, induced Messrs. Alexander Brown & Sons, bankers, to advance the moneys to purchase arms, and another frm to furnish the uniforms. In the above suit, which was in- stituted as a test one, Mr. McFarland was associated, as counsel for the plaintiff, with the late William S. Waters, and was successful; causing the entire stipulated amount to be paid. He has been engaged in several important will cases, in which he has been remarkably successful. In July, 1875, he was appointed, by Mayor Joshua Van- sant, as Examiner of Titles under the city, holding said BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. office until the expiration of Mr. Vansant’s term, and bringing to the discharge of its duties superior qualifica- tions. In politics, Mr. McFarland is a conservative Demo- crat, and has taken an active part in many of the most important campaigns of the great national parties, estab- lishing a reputation as a fluent and eloquent speaker. As a lawyer, he has been eminently successful. His father was John McFarland, a native, and highly respected farmer, of Washington County, Pennsylvania. He was a quiet, unostentatious gentleman, and possessed an excep- tionably irreproachable character. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was also a native of the same county, and an extensive agriculturist. Mr. McFarland’s mother was Miss Ruth Dodd, daughter of the Rev. Cephas Dodd, D.D., an eminent Presbyterian clergyman, of Washington County, Pennsylvania, where he performed his ministerial duties for forty years. He was installed in 1803. The Dodds were among the first and most distin- guished settlers in Western Pennsylvania, when that coun- try was almost a wilderness. There they took an active part in the establishment of Presbyterianism. Thaddeus Dodd, son of Stephen Dodd, was born in 1740, and died in 1793. He wasa very talented minister of the Presbyterian Church, a fine scholar and accomplished mathematician. He was the first Principal of Washington College, Penn- sylvania (1789). Mr. McFarland is a descendant, both on the paternal and the maternal side, of rigid Presbyterian stock, and is, himself, a strict and conscientious member of the First Presbyterian Church. He married, in 1865, Miss Emily Chubb, daughter of Prentice Chubb, who died during her infancy, when she was adopted by the late Isaac Munroe, for a long time editor and proprietor of the Baltimore Patriot. He has three children living, Munroe, Bessie, and Carita. Mr. McFarland is a polished gen- tleman, of an amiable and affectionate disposition, and an upright and useful citizen. WyARROW, Josrru Henry, Druggist and Member of a a the House of Delegates, Maryland, was born “6 February 11, 1831, near Hagerstown. His par- . ents, Nathaniel and Mary (McCall) Farrow, were natives of Maryland, his father being of French- English descent and his mother of German ancestry. Mr. Farrow’s educational advantages were very limited. He attended school in his native county until he was fourteen years of age, working part of the time in the shop with his father, who was a cooper. At that age he commenced work regularly in the shop and continued in his father’s employ until his majority. In early manhood he had a taste for the law and desired to qualify himself for that profession, but not being able to do so, he entered into the drug business at Williamsport, and has continued in that BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. business at the same place up to the present time. He was in the employ of the Revenue Department, at Williams- port, during the late war, having accepted the position of aid to that department, in 1863, and continued in the place until the office was abolished, in 1864. He was elected Mayor of Williamsport, in 1869, and was the only Repub- lican that held office in that part of the State at that time. He was elected to the office of Mayor twice in succession, and was twice elected Commissioner of the Town Board. In 1875, he was elected a member of the House of Dele- gates, and re-elected, in 1877, the contest being very close both times. In the second contest Mr. Farrow led his ticket by a large majority, having become quite popular among the members of both parties. During the first ses- ‘sion he worked energetically for equal taxation in the State, opposing all exemptions, except churches and bury- ing grounds. He also cast his influence in favor of the bill providing for a homestead exemption of 500, instead of $100. He is an active member of the Free Masons, hav- ing joined the order in 1862, and is also a member of the Knights of Pythias. He was married, September 3, 1853, to Miss Mary Susan Nitzel, daughter of John Nitzel, of Washington County, and has five children living. For- merly an. old-line Whig, he afterward became a member of the Knownothing party, and has been a Republican since 1864, when he voted for Lincoln and Hamlin. During the late war he was a firm Union man, and, at the outbreak of the war, was very outspoken in his opposition to seces- sion, at the risk of great personal peril. He has been prosperous in business as well as successful in politics, and has attained his present position entirely through his own exertions and merits. REASLEY, Jacos F., was born, March 7, 1814, in CG Nétingen, Baden, Germany. His father, Philip H. « Greasley, was a farmer and landholder of that place. His mother was Christiana, daughter of George A. Daub, also a farmer and landholder of Nétingen, as had been his ancestors for a number of gen- erations. Mr. Greasley attended the government schools until he was fourteen years of age. Having assisted his father until he was seventeen, he then made up his mind to come to America, and started with a man who under- took the care of him until his arrival at Baltimore. Mr. Greasley had forty dollars with which to pay his way from Germany. When he arrived at New York, the man who had taken him in charge continued with him as far as Philadelphia, where he was left to himself. His money having given out, he, with a friend, walked to Baltimore. In about three weeks after getting to Baltimore he appren- ticed himself, for three years, as a butcher to Louis Weiss. After completing his term of apprenticeship, he worked for Mr. Weiss as journeyman, for about one year, at ten dollars 147 per month, which was the highest wages then given. About this time he found a friend in Mr. Peter Zell, who advised him to begin business for himself, and offered him his board and the use of a horse and wagon, provided Mr. Greasley would kill for him his cattle and render some other help. Mr. Greasley accepted this offer, and in De- cember, 1835, began in a small way the butcher business on his own account. He now worked very hard, and in consequence of overwork was taken sick and confined to his room for about six months. On his recovery, he rented a slaughter-house and stable, with two rooms above, for eight dollars per month. In these rooms his mother kept house for him. His business continued to increase, he married, January 5, 1837, Miss Louisa, daughter of Rich- ard and Elizabeth Lenox. She could speak the Ger- man language with fluency, and having acquired habits of industry, made him an excellerit wife. They worked hard and saved what they made. In 1852 Mr. Greasley sold his business, and the place in which it was carried on, to John H. Toffling. After spending about three and a half years in a branch of the same business, he resumed his former occupation, selling over four hundred cattle per year; and in 1856, sold out to his nephew, Jacob H. Greasley. He, however, stayed in the market, helping his nephew, for about three years. Having retired from busi- ness, Mr. Greasley has built a handsome dwelling on Druid Hill Avenue, which he intends in future to make his home. In 1833 he was converted. In 1841 he was elected Trustee of the Otterbein Church, of the United Brethren in Christ, of which he has ever since been an eanest and active member. He is also Trustee of the Bal- timore Salem Mission Church, and of the Baltimore Fifth Church of the same denomination. His business career of forty years was one of the very smallest beginnings, and by industry, economy, prudence and integrity, he has se- cured a handsome competence, and thus gives by his life and success, encouragement to young men who have to struggle with like difficulties. Through life he has avoided the use of tobacco and intoxicating liquors, and has been thus kept from much bad company and other evils to which the use of these would almost unavoidably have led him. He is a man of large and generous heart, a true friend, and a devoted Christian. Wp LNOLrs, Grorce B., M.D., was born near the IX city of Richmond, Virginia, October 26, 1846. 3 He received his principal education at the Uni- versity of Virginia, where he also attended a regu- lar course of medical lectures. Removing to Baltimore he matriculated, as student of medicine in the old Washington University, now the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, latter city, whence he graduated in 148 the spring of 1871. Immediately after receiving his diploma he entered Bay View Hospital, Baltimore County, as Resident Student and Physician. After enjoying the professional advantages of that institution for two years, Dr. Reynolds was elected as Physician in chief of the Washington University Hospital, corner of Calvert and Saratoga Streets. For nearly four years he occupied that responsible position, during which period hundreds of cases of the most difficult and critical echaracter, especi- ally those which were the results of accidents, occurring in and around Baltimore, and the successful treatment of which required the highest order of surgical skill, came under his care and management. Several capital surgi- cal operations were performed by Dr. Reynolds while in charge of the hospital, in a manner, and with such suc- cessful results, as to demonstrate his thorough profes- sional skill. While occupying the position referred to he was appointed by Mayor Joshua Vansant, as City Vac- cine Physician for the Ninth and Tenth Wards of Bal- timore, and served for the two years of that gentleman’s second term of office. As Vaccine Physician for those wards he acted as Surgeon at the Middle Police Station. While in charge of the hospital, Dr. Reynolds also filled the Chair of Demonstrator of Anatomy, in the Washing- ton University, which position he held for a year subse- quent to his resignation (in 1875), of that of the hospital physician. His duties in both positions were performed with such fidelity and ability, and success as an instruc- tor, as to invoke the highest praise from the faculty of the University. After retiring from both the positions mentioned, he entered actively into private practice. As it required but little of his time and attention, and did not materially interfere with his professional duties, he accepted, in 1878, the position of Visiting Physician at Bay View Hospital, which he now occupies. In 1875, Dr. Reynolds married Miss Ida Fisk, daughter of Charles B. Fisk, a celebrated engineer of Washington, District of Columbia. The doctor’s father was James W. Rey- nolds, of Virginia, a gentleman of independent fortune and high respectability; and his mother was Miss Carter, a descendant of a highly honored family, who settled in Virginia (from England) in Colonial times. Dr. Rey- nolds is an accomplished physician and surgeon; a gen- tleman of general and varied intelligence, and pleasant address; popular with his professional brethren, and one whose competency inspires implicit confidence among his patients. wW—eARRABEE, Epurai, senior partner of the firm of ) ( E. Larrabee & Sons, of Baltimore, dealers in ve -more, November 21, 1803. He was the son of Dan- iel and Anne Larrabee, members of the Society of leather, hides and shoe-findings, was born in Balti- Friends. His father was a native of Massachusetts, but BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of French descent; four brothers of that name having come from France, and settled in the New England States, nearly two hundred years ago. They were farmers. His father, while yet a young man, went to New York and opened a ladies’ shoe store, on Maiden Lane. When the yellow fever prevailed in that city, in 1798, he closed his store and acted asanurse with Dr. Trip, a celebrated physician of that day, and an uncle of Mr. E. Larrabee’s mother. In the fall, after the subsidence of the fever, Mr. Daniel Larrabee married Anne Wheeler, daughter of Joseph Wheeler, of Hudson, on the Hudson River, New York. Mr. Wheeler was a prominent member of the Society of Friends, of English descent; an influential man in his county, settling most of the difficulties arising in his neigh- borhood without resorting to law. Miss Wheeler, after- wards Mrs. Larrabee, was mild in her manners, but of strong and active mind. After their marriage they removed to Baltimore, and opened a shoe store on Market, now Baltimore Street, opposite Post-office Avenue, then called Tripolet’s Alley. That store was fitted up by Jacob Small, builder, in after years Mayor of the city. He sub- sequently removed to No. 22 South Calvert Street, and opened a shoe-finding store, and connected with it the manufacture of boot and shoe lasts. The building was of brick, imported from England, and is said to have been the first brick structure in Baltimore, and was erected for a hotel. It was the headquarters of Gen- eral Washington, while in Baltimore, where he was enter- tained and honored by the citizens. Mr. Larrabee, in his twenty-first year, succeeded his father in the business, in 1824. Some years before, having a strong desire to prac- tice medicine, he had been reading with a physician, but being in delicate health, and fearing his inability on that account to devote himself to the practice, he abandoned the study for that time, and with a view to more active outdoor exercise, worked at the carpenter trade, at which he continued until he succeeded to his father’s business. He, however, subsequently received a diploma from the Botanical Medical College, of Macon, Georgia, conferring upon him the degree of M.D., but he has never used the title. Mr. Larrabee commenced business with but little means, his father having lost nearly all he had by becom- ing security for others. By industry and economy, however, he soon began to acquire capital. In 1828, he removed from Calvert Street, Baltimore, to the head of Cheapside, his store fronting Calvert Street, Water and Cheapside. He married, April 26, 1831, Ann Burns, daughter of William and Eliza- beth Burns, of Philadelphia, both pious Christians. When the cholera broke out in Baltimore, in 1832, he formed 2 copartnership with his brother-in-law, Ward Sears, in es- tablishing the Thomsonian botanic medicine business, and erected a mill for the especial purpose of preparing that class of medicines. They took an active and successful part in relieving those attacked with that fearful disease. They continued the business, prosperously, until their mill i Utley Vie GY ALI) VU YY); Uy) Hy, Z Yi ify iy Lip yyy, YY Ly yy oe ML, Wy yyy yyy YY Yt yyy CC Ve Yyy Ys Yi A tf YH Wig Y yy yy YI). Ly Yj eH Vy iy Yi, Ly WY Yyy fy YY V6 Yi yf SS SS = a = SS SS —S= SSS SSS SS = BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and dwelling were destroyed by fire, April 9, 1835, entail- ing heavy loss, having neglected, for a few days only, the renewal of their insurance. Immediately after the fire, Mr. Larrabee purchased the property No. 20 South Calvert Street, also the property in its rear, and rebuilt on a more extensive scale. He there continued the medicine business in connection with the shoe-finding and manufacture of lasts. In 1847 he took down the old house, corner of Calvert and Mercer Streets, and built the two brick ware- houses, Nos. 22 and 24, now standing. In 1848 he re- moved from No. 20 to 24, adding leather to his other busi- ness. In the same year he invented and patented an up- right refrigerator, a novel shower-bath, and a water-cooler, which met with great success. Several years since, having sold out the medicine, refrigerator, and shower-bath branches of his business, he and his sons, three of whom he took in as partners (one now deceased), confined them- selves to leather, hides, and shoe-findings, under the firm of E. Larrabee & Sons, in the extensive iron-front ware- house, No. 20 South Calvert Street, which he built in 1852. From a small beginning, the business has extended itself to most of the States. Mr. Larrabee has ever been a man of self-reliance, believing that he could accomplish any- thing he undertook. Early in life he could take a turn at almost anything, and was able to construct any little me- chanical contrivance. He had, too, a natural aptitude for nursing, and at twelve years of age assisted a surgeon in setting a broken limb. He has been his own physician, and almost exclusively that of his eight children, who have all come to maturity, He is now (1879) an active and hearty man, at the age of seventy-five, and rises, nearly the year round, at five o’clock inthe morning. He never held, and would not accept, any public office. Politically, he has always been a Whig, advocating the principles of that party at all times, believing them to be best for the country’s interests. He has seen no cause for change, and has not, therefore, identified himself with any other party. He gave his first vote for John Quincy Adams, and of late years has voted for the man who, in his judgment, is best qualified for the office, irrespective of party. He has no military record, save that of aiding in defence of the city against the mob of 1835. Mr. Larrabee became a member of the Masonic order when he was twenty-one years of age, and has taken its several degrees. He was actively en- gaged in its work until 1835, when he found, in conse- quence of the fire which had caused him so much loss, that he must necessarily attend closely to his business, day and night. He therefore withdrew, because he could not give to it proper attention. He has travelled extensively in the United States, and has twice visited Cuba; his chief object in all his journeys being healthy recreation and physical improvement. His general appearance is that of health and bodily strength, together with that of youth, as com- pared with his age. Although an early riser, his usual time for retiring is from ten to eleven at night, five hours’ 20 149 sleep being all he needs out of the twenty-four. He has never used tobacco since he was fifteen years of age, nor spirituous liquors, except as a medicine, and then very sparingly. He is of a social disposition, and loves good society. He has been in business for fifty-four years, and for nearly sixty years has been within one square of his present place of business. In all that time he has never had a serious difficulty with any of his neighbors. In his deal- ings with others he has never regarded himself under any obligations to his customers, as he has always furnished them with good articles at fair prices. His success in life is attributable to industry, perseverance, economy, and general good management. He is the only survivor of all the business men who were on Calvert Street fifty years ago. Mr. Larrabee has been President of the Carrollton Hotel Company for the last four years, and is President of the Chesapeake Guano Company, both of which positions he serves without pay. He was President of the Wyoming Coal and Transportation Mutual Company, which has since been leased to the Riverside Coal and Iron Company. His religious views, which are peculiarly his own, he never ob- trudes upon others; and he regards the peculiarities of others with the largest charity. a] gerstown Agricultural Implement Manufactur- x ing Company, was born at Middletown, Mary- t land, July 19, 1836. His parents were John and t Nancy Appleman. The former was a native of Washington County, and of German descent. His ances- tors came to this country about the year 1700, and settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Mr. Alpheus Apple- man is descended, on his mother’s side, from an English family, founded by Richard Sadler, who came to this country also about the year 1700, and settled in Adams County, Pennsylvania, the native place of Mrs. Appleman. He received only a limited education in the schools of Middletown, early displaying great taste and aptitude for trading and trafficking. He was very fond of fishing and hunting, in which he had frequent opportunities of indulg- ing. His father was by occupation a tanner, and on leav- ing school he worked with him till he was twenty years of age, and learned the trade. Then concluding that he pre- ferred saddlery to tanning, he learned that trade also. When he reached the age of twenty-one, his father and himself started a saddle and harness factory in connection with their tannery in Middletown, which was successfully carried on from 1856 to 1862, under the firm name of John Appleman & Son. In the latter year his father died, and his son closed the business. March 1, 1864, he removed to Hagerstown, and entered into the brokerage business. The name of the firm was Gantz & Appleman, until 1866, SFRPPLEMAN, AtpHeus R., President of the Ha- = 150 when it became Appleman & Brother, under which name it remained until 1870, when the Citizens’ National Bank of Hagerstown was organized, and Mr. Appleman was made its President. On the 1st of August, 174, he, in connection with the Hon. Jacob Tome and the Hon. J. A. J. Creswell, removed the bank to Washington city, purchasing for their use the building formerly occupied by Jay Cooke & Co. Mr. Creswell was made President, and Mr. Appleman Vice-President of the bank. He held this position until October 1, 1878, when he returned to Hagers- town, to give his personal attention to the Agricultural Im- plement Manufacturing Company of that place, of which he was elected President. This company was incorporated by himself and four other gentlemen, January 1, 1869, with a capital of $40,000. They commenced the building of horse-rakes, grain-drills, and clover-hullers, with twenty hands. The capital of the company is now $100,000, and they employ upwards of one hundred hands. The manu- factory is one of the largest in Western Maryland, pro- ducing $200,000 worth of machines per annum. From the time of its organization it has been a favorite enter- prise with Mr. Appleman, and its success is largely due to his persistent and energetic efforts in its behalf. He was one of the firm of Zeigler, Gantz & Company, who helped to build the Washington County Railroad, between Ha- gerstown and Weaverton. He has always been a thorough Republican, and was elected on that ticket to the Mary- land Legislature, serving in the sessions of 1866 and 1867. Joining the Masonic order in Hagerstown, in 1864, he afterwards became a member of the Maryland Chapter, in Baltimore, and still later, a member of the De Molay Mounted Commandery, No. 4, of Washington, District of Columbia. In this order he is nowa Sir Knight. His being one of the oldest Methodist families of the State, he was carefully reared in that faith, to which his maturer years have given hearty and full indorsement. Mr. Apple- man was united in marriage, January 28, 1862, to Annie C. Baker, of Washington County. Her family connection is one of the largest and most prominent in that county. wt ONAVIN, MATTHEW Watson, M.D., was born, De April 11, 1838, at Shippensburg, Cumberland f County, Pennsylvania. His parents were Levi 7 K. and Mary K. (McConnell) Donavin, both of of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, the former being of Irish and the latter of Scotch descent. They were married in 1825, and had seven children, three sons and four daughters, namely: Mary J., Annie R., Simpson K., John W., Matthew W., Lizzie V., and Sallie B. Don- Dr. Donavin’s paternal grandfather, John Donavin, emigrated from the county of Armagh, in the North of Treland, in 1794, and settled in Lancaster County, Penn- ONS avin. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sylvania, where he married, and in 1806, removed to and settled in that beautiful section of Pennsylvania which is designated as the Cumberland Valley. He had four children, three sons and one daughter. The maternal an- cestors of Dr. Donayin came to this country in 1684, and took up their residence in the eastern section of Pennsyl- vania, where they continued until about the year 1735, when they removed to and permanently settled in the Cum- berland Valley, at a point called “ Rocky Springs,” in what is now known as Franklin County. At the commence- ment of the Revolutionary war, the family consisted of William McConnell, his wife, and seven sons and one daughter. They were eminently patriotic and zealous in their devotion to the cause of their country. The father and six sons sealed their love for liberty with their lives during the struggle, leaving the youngest son, Dr. Dona- vin’s great-grandfather, as the only male survivor of the family. Dr. Donavin belongs to the class termed “'self- made men.” His early years were spent with his parents at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, where he attended the public schools until he was fourteen years of age, diligently applying himself to the branches taught there. From his fourteenth to his seventeenth year he assisted his father, who was engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1855, in his seventeenth year, he left the parental roof, and started out to fight the battle of life alone. He first went to Charles- town, Virginia, where his brother Simpson had purchased a newspaper called the Spirit of Yefferson. Here he en- gaged with Dr. L. M. Smith to learn the drug business ; but his employer having discontinued business the follow- ing year, Matthew went to Washington, and was employed in the drug store of J. D. O’Donnell until the latter part of 1857, when he removed to Baltimore, and was employed by William T. Ely for one year, at the end of which time he formed a copartnership with Mr. Ely, and, under the firm name of M. W. Donavin & Co., established and con- ducted a drug store on the corner of Eutaw and Lee Streets, in that city. In 1860, the interest of Mr. Ely was purchased by H. W. Arnold, and the business removed to the southeast corner of Sharp and Lee Streets, where it was carried on under the firm name of Donavin & Arnold, until 1861, when Dr. Donavin purchased the interest of Mr. Arnold, since which time he has been sole proprietor. By diligence, integrity, and rare economy, he established himself as a successful business man. Actuated by a de- sire to enlarge his knowledge and to extend his usefulness, he now entered upon the study of medicine at the Univer- sity of Maryland School of Medicine. He selected as his preceptors Doctors D. I. McKew and Richard McSherry, and after devoting himself diligently to study for three years, graduated with honor in the class of 1866. He has never entered actively upon the practice of his profession, preferring to continue in the business of pharmacy. Dr. Donavin is a Democrat in politics, and since attaining his majority, has taken an active interest in public affairs. «In BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1872 he was appointed by Governor William Pinkney Whyte, without solicitation, Coroner of the Southern Dis- trict of Baltimore, the duties of which position he dis- charged for a period of three years, when he resigned, to become a member of the First Branch of the City Council. He was first elected as a Councilman in the fall of 1874, and was twice re-elected to the same position from the same ward (the Fifteenth). In the fall of 1877 he was elected to represent the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Wards in the Second Branch of the City Council, for a term of two years, which position he now holds. He has always taken a prominent part in the proceedings of that body; has served as a member of many important committees, having been a member of the Committees of Ways and Means and of Claims for four years; and has frequently presided over the deliberations of the respective branches of which he wasa member. He was a member of the commission appointed by the City Council to prepare a history of the new City Hall, a handsome book, which reflects credit upon those who were charged with its preparation. As a Councilman, Dr. Donavin has always been attentive to his duties, especially so in regard to the routine labors in con- nection with the investigations and deliberations of com- mittees. The varied duties devolving upon committees, especially those on finance, claims, etc., necessitate much research and study. In the discharge of such duties Dr. Donavin has proved himself very efficient, and is generally regarded a wise and judicious legislator, who always keeps in view the rights of constituents on the one hand, and the duty of the corporation on the other. Although he has been zealous in all matters which have engaged the attention of the City Council during his membership, whether of local or general interest, he deserves special recognition for his indefatigable efforts to convert that eli- gible site known as Federal Hill into a public square. Efforts in this direction have been frequently made during the past twenty-five years, but without success. Notwith- standing the many obstacles with which he has had to con- tend, Dr. Donavin has succeeded in having the property condemned, and the hill with its historical associations and grand elevation promises ere long to become one of the most attractive places in Baltimore. The consumma- tion of this desirable public improvement has been some- what delayed in consequence of conflicting legislation on the part of the General Assembly of Maryland with ref- erence to the powers of the municipal corporation on the subject. Dr. Donavin has been an active member of the Masonic Fraternity for the past fifteen years, and has been honored by his brethren with the positions of Worshipful Master, High Priest, and Eminent Commander, respectively of his Lodge, Chapter, and Commandery, and is known as a “ Bright Mason.” He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, in the early organization of which order he took an active interest. His parents have been zealous members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for more than 151 fifty years; and, like his father, who was a superintendent of Sunday-schools for more than twenty years, he takes great interest in the prosperity of the church. In 1866, he married Mary E. Berry, daughter of Jesse L. C. Berry, a lady of estimable and lovely character. Two children are the fruit of this marriage, Lucretia B. and Mary B. Don- avin. Dr. Donavin enjoys the confidence and esteem of the community in which he resides. His success in life is attributable to close application to business, the practice of the most rigid economy, and a prompt and faithful dis- charge of all the duties and obligations devolving upon him. He has made good use of his time in the acquisi- tion of knowledge, has always avoided the use of intoxi- cating beverages and the indulgence in needless expendi- tures of his means for idle pleasures, and has throughout life regulated his conduct in accordance with his concep- tion of true manhood. ENNY, WILiiAM, M.D., of Kent Island, Queen 1) Anne’s County, was born at Love Point, on that f island, May 20, 1825, and is descended from the i family of the same name in Talbot County. His a father, John Denny, was a ship carpenter, mechanic, and farmer, and carried on his business not only on the island, but also in Baltimore, and in Harford County. He died in 1835, and his wife, Mary Tolson Denny, in 1839. Their son William was the eleventh child. He attended the district school irregularly from his ninth year. After reaching his sixteenth year, he enjoyed superior educa- tional advantages, attending part of the time the Centre- ville Academy, and upon concluding his studies, taught school for three years. He then commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Samuel Chew, whose son is now one of the Professors in the University of Maryland. Receiving his degree in March, 1853, he settled at once in the practice of his profession upon the island of his birth, where for twenty-five years he has been continuously and most laboriously engaged. For five years he had the en- tire practice of the island, which is twenty miles in length, with an average width of six or seven miles. During some seasons his services were in constant requisition both day and night, and had he been as diligent in making his collections as in attending the sick, he would have accumu- lated considerable fortune ; but his leniency and sympathy for his patients were proverbial. Dr. Denny is strongly attached to the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he was educated, and also to the Protestant Episcopal Church, but has never made a religious profession. He was a member of the old Whig party, but since its dissolution has acknowledged no party ties, and his vote is given ac- cordingly, as the character of the candidate commends itself to his approval. He was married in 1857 to Kate S., daughter of William Errickson, of Kent Island, and has three children. 152 aYeEANFAIR, H. S., was born June 7, 1808, at East SiAtel? ~=Haven, Connecticut. His ancestors were origi- a"~° nally from England. His father, Russel Lanfair, - was a sea-captain, and was engaged for several years in the East India trade. In 1812, while at sea, he was taken prisoner by the British, but was shortly afterward released. In his early manhood, Mr. Lanfair went to school at East Haven. When about thirteen years of age, he shipped as cook on a coasting vessel. This was a pretty severe task for so young a boy; but having a powerful physique, and a strong desire to see and to know, he soon became accustomed to the rough and tumble of a sailor’s life, and drank in with all the eagerness of a being just awakened, the new sights and experiences of a seafaring life. Having quick perception, much natural shrewdness and promptness, he so familiarized himself with general seamanship and the science of navi- gation, that at the age of seventeen he became captain of a vessel. He was captain of different vessels for about thirty-seven years, and such was his carefulness and thrift, that during the last twenty years of the time he owned the vessels he commanded. So great was his caution and nautical skill, that he never lost a vessel he commanded; neither did-he ever lose a man. His voyages were for three years in the foreign trade; he was also engaged in the fruit business in connection with the West India Islands. He has had many vessels built under his super- vision, In 1855 he gave up following the sea, though he has ever since continued to hold an interest in different vessels. In 1859 he went to Baltimore and engaged in the oyster and fruit-packing business, under the firm name of H.S. Lanfair & Company. In about three years the firm name was changed to D. D. Mallory & Company. In 1868 Mr. Lanfair withdrew from the firm, and engaged in the packing business solely on his own account. After- ward L. W. Councilman was associated as partner with him for about six years. On the withdrawal of Mr. Councilman, in 1876, Mr. Lanfair associated with him W. W. Crozier. The firm name is now H. S. Lanfair & Company. This house has done an extensive business. In 1828 Mr. Lanfair married Esther R., daughter of Eli Sanford, of Fair Haven, Connecticut. By persistent in- dustry, unflinching moral courage, and great natural sagacity, Mr. Lanfair has raised himself to large wealth and an honored social position. In youth and manhood, subjected to the peculiar and severe trials of a sailor’s life, he well bore the ordeal, and like gold came out from the test brighter and purer, and fully illustrates how it is possi- ble for a young man to bring himself from poverty and ob- scurity to honorable position and business prosperity dur- ing a life surrounded at the beginning with discourage- ments sufficient to appal any but the stoutest heart. This Mr. Lanfair has done through his own exertions, and can well be classed among the self-made men of his day and generation. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. qs Tuomas B., M.D., was born in Baltimore, SAG November 5, 1832. He was the eldest son of the “T"* Rev. David Evans, of the Methodist Episcopal ' Church. His literary education was received in the Baltimore Academy, where he graduated, in 1849. Being without the necessary means to enter a medical school, as he intended, he was compelled to accept a situ- ation as clerk in a pharmaceutical store, where he could acquire a knowledge of Materia Medica and pharmacy, and, at the same time, by economy and industry, acquired the money necessary to enable him to take a course of lec- tures in a school of medicine. This desire was accom- plished, and, in the fall of 1850, he entered the medical department of the Washington University, and, after attending two courses of lectures, graduated as a Doctor of Medicine, in the spring of 1853. Professor John C. S, Monkur, with. whom he was a student during the years of his collegiate course, the day after his graduation offered to take him in full partnership, which was deemed by many a most desirable position, as the practice of the doctor was a very lucrative one, and his standing as a physician second to none. After due consideration, this very complimentary offer was declined, and young Doctor Evans commenced alone the practice of his profession. For one year, how- ever, he-assisted Dr. Monkur, in order to cancel the obli- gations incurred during his novitiate. Being industrious, and devoting all his time and energy to practice, he soon obtained a-fair and liberal share of patronage, and laid the foundation of what is now deemed by many an hon- orable standing among the honored men in the medical profession of his State. He has also acquired a reputation for skill and ability among the community in general. The doctor’s practice is large and lucrative. He is a member of the Maryland Academy of Science; of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland; of the Baltimore Medical Association; of the Medical and Surgical So- ciety; of the Academy of Medicine of Baltimore, and ot the American Medical Association. He was elected Presi- dent of the Medical and Surgical Society in 1873; and has held, and now holds, many positions of honor and trust in the various organizations with which he is identi- fied. He has contributed many and varied papers to the medical journals of the country, and published addresses, discourses, and scientific reports. Among these are papers on the Relationship between Physician and Druggist ; Therapeutics ; Relationship between Diphtheria and Scar- latina; Hay Fever; Aims of Medical Thought, etc. He was for many years Vaccine Physician in the city of Bal- timore, and was commissioned by Governor Bradford as Surgeon of the Baltimore City Guards, with the rank of Major, during his term of office. He was married to Miss Maggie J. Myers, of Frederick City, October 16, 1861. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. i CKAIG, Hon. WILLIAM WALLACE, for many a] A years a leading Lawyer of Cumberland, Mary- e land, was born in New Lisbon, the county seat of Columbiana County, Ohio, January 2, 1806. His parents were among the original settlers of that section of Ohio, and owned an extensive landed property near New Lisbon, upon which they resided. At the age of nineteen he was matriculated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, from which institution he graduated three years later. He then proceeded at once to Cumber- land, Maryland, and commenced teaching in the English department of the Alleghany County Academy, of which his brother, Thomas J. McKaig, was at that time the Principal. ‘In this occupation he was engaged for about fourteen months, during which period he assiduously de- voted every moment of spare time to the study of law under the instruction of Brice W. Howard, then consid- ered the ablest lawyer in Cumberland. But not satisfied with the progress he was making, and desiring to give his whole time to his legal studies, he returned to his home in New Lisbon, and entered the office of the Hon. Andrew W. Loomis, the foremost lawyer of his time in that section of Ohio. Only four months elapsed before his studies here were suddenly interrupted by a request from his brother, Robert S., to take charge of his select school for boys, in Baltimore, he having been disabled by a severe accident. With this request he complied, and took charge of the school for about six months, improving the time also in attending a course of lectures on law, given by Professor Hoffman, and in zealously pursuing his studies under the direction of the learned and distinguished John V. L. McMahon. Upon motion of this gentleman he was ad- nitted to-the Baltimore bar, and immediately thereafter returned to New Lisbon, and commenced the practice of his profession, in April, 1831. At the end of his second year of practice, Mr. McKaig was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Columbiana, already a large and flourishing county, and containing some forty thousand inhabitants. While holding this position he was twice elected Clerk of the Senate of Ohio, and was also appointed Paymaster- General on the military staff of Governor Lucas. Upon the termination of his term of office as clerk, he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, taking his seat as the youngest member of that body. He was again nominated to this office, but declined to be a candidate for a second term. Shortly afterward he was prominently named for the Jackson Democratic nomination for member of Congress, but was defeated in the convention by three votes. He successfully pursued his profession in New Lisbon until the year 1839, when he removed to Cumberland, Mary- land, and entered into partnership with his brother, Gen- eral Thomas J. McKaig. For nearly forty years the firm of McKaig & McKaig enjoyed an exceptionally large and lucrative practice, and maintained a reputation for legal ability and attainments unsurpassed in Western Maryland. 153 Mr. William W. McKaig was a hard worker, and devoted himself unremittingly to his profession during all this long period. He is now the oldest resident member of the Cumberland bar, but has not, for several years, been actively engaged in the practice of the law. In the autumn of 1843, Mr. McKaig was elected a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and in May, 1855, immedi- ately after the incorporation of Cumberland as a city, he was elected its first Mayor. These were the only two po- litical offices he could be induced to accept in Maryland. He has for many years been largely identified with the manufacturing interests of Cumberland, being one of the principal owners of the ‘Cumberland Cotton Factory,” the sole owner of the “ Beall Foundry, Engine, and Boiler Works,” the largest establishment of the kind in Western Maryland, and a stockholder in the ‘ Cumberland Steel Works.” For seven years he was President of the Frost- burg Coal Company, and its prosperity was never greater than during this period. He has also always manifested a deep and practical interest in the religious and intellectual advancement of the community in which he has spent so large a portion of his life. He is President of the Board of Trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of Cumber- land, President of the Board of Trustees of the Alle- ghany County Academy, and President of the Board of Trade of Cumberland. Mr. McKaig was married, May 1, 1839, to Priscilla Ellen Beall, daughter of Asa Beall, of Cumberland. The family has been for generations one of the most substantial and highly respected in that place. Thomas Beall, the grandfather of Mrs. McKaig, at one time owned all the land upon which the city of Cumber- land now stands. Mr. and Mrs. McKaig have had four children, Thomas J., William W., A. Beall, and Merwin McKaig. They had the misfortune to lose their second son, named after his father, William Wallace McKaig. Goss: WILLIAM Morpuit, Member of the House if of Delegates, was born, at Rose Hill, Montgomery : County, Maryland, June 1, 1836. His parents were a Thomas and Deborah W. (Duvall) Canby. On his father’s side he is a descendant of Governor Gil- pin, of the State of Delaware, and on his mother’s side, of a noble English family, of the name of Jackson. His maternal grandfather, Dr. Benjamin Duvall, was a promi- nent man of his time, and for many years represented his county, as a Federalist, in both branches of the Legis- lature. His son, Dr. Washington Duvall, commenced public life at the early age of twenty-one, when he was sent to the Lower House. He filled this position, and also that of Senator, for several terms, and held other official positions, and was one of the “ glorious nineteen.” In 1853 he was a candidate for Governor, before the 154 Democratic convention, but was defeated by Governor Ligon by one vote. The subject of this sketch was edu- cated at a private classical school, near Rockville, Mont- gomery County, completing the course in 1853, when he returned home, and entered upon the duties of life asa farmer, which employment has engaged his attention to the present time. He took no active part in the late war, but was court-martialled and sent to Fort Delaware, in July, 1864, for abetting the rebellion. After four months’ imprisonment he was pardoned by President Lincoln. His brother, Benjamin D. Canby, was in the Confederate service, with the First Maryland regiment. He received several wounds, and finally had his arm completely shat- tered, at the battle of Winchester. In 1868 Mr. Canby was a Committee Clerk in the House of Delegates. In 1872 he was Postmaster to the House and Senate. In 1876 he was elected to the Legislature, and returned by his constituents in 1878. His father was a Whig of the Henry Clay school, but on his mother’s side the family were Democrats, and with this party he has always been allied. He has been active in county politics for several years, and his popularity is attested by the fact that his nominations were by an almost unanimous vote of his party. His father was a Quaker, but his mother belonged to the Episcopal Church, to which faith he inclines, follow- ing her in religion as in politics. His estate, Rose Hill, has been in the possession of the family for more than a century. en (WeLMAN, Benjamin F., Merchant and Banker, was y 3 born in the city of Lombheim, on the Danube, a near Ulm, January 28, 1836. He enjoyed all the Y* advantages of an excellent education, at the best schools of his native place, and at the age of fifteen years came to America, landing at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, where he had relatives who were established in business, and with whom he remained for about a year. He then went to Snow Hill, Maryland, where he remained about the same time, and then to New Town, Mary- land, and commenced business on his own account, being at the time but eighteen years of age. Through energy and industrious application, and the adventitious aid de- rived from the kind treatment and encouragement extend- ed him by the Rev. John Crosdale and other influential friends, young Ulman became eminently prosperous in his business, and in 1855 established himself, in connection with his brother, Alfred I. Ulman, in the wholesale liquor business in Baltimore, under the well-known firm of Ul- man & Company, one of the most extensive and substan- tial establishments of its character in the United States. The trade of the house extends to all sections of the country, the special brands it manufactures meeting with BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. a heavy demand in the commercial world. Mr. Ulman is also the sole proprietor of the Benjamin & Company Loan and Banking Business, conducted in the large and elegant building, recently erected by him on Fayette Street, be- tween Holliday and Gay Streets, and known as “ The Ben- jamin Building.” It was founded by Levi Benjamin, the father-in-law of Mr. Ulman, half a century ago, and to- day enjoys a patronage and prosperity surpassed by few, if any, similar establishments in this country. Despite his great business activities and enterprises, Mr. Ulman finds leisure to devote himself to benevolent and humani- tarian objects. He is an active member of the Ancient Order of Free and Accepted Masons, in which fraternity he has taken most of the degrees. He is’ the Vice-Presi- dent of the Hebrew Hospital of Baltimore, an institution that is accomplishing a vast deal for the relief of suffering people of that city. He is connected with several other beneficial societies, and appears to be ever willing to afford assistance to those who need and are deserving of his bounty. Mr. Ulman has been for several years a Direc- tor, on the part of Baltimore city, in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. November 23, 1856, he married Henri- etta Benjamin, daughter of the late Levi and Rachel Benjamin, old and respectable citizens of Baltimore, the issue of the marriage being nine children: Bertha B., Rachel B., Rebecca B., Jacob B., Lin. B., Solomon I., Alfred I., Emma B., and Bernard F. Ulman. Jacob and Alfred died in infancy. The eldest daughter, Bertha, married Ab. Hirsh, of the prominent and extensive firm of Hirsh, Brother & Company, of Philadelphia. Rachel married Colonel Siegel, of the house of Siegel Brothers & Company, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. The subject of this sketch was one of six children. his father being Jacob Ulman, who was a native of the city of Ulm, Wur- temberg, and who married Bertha Laubheimer, daughter of Abraham Laubheimer, of Laubheim, Wurtemburg, South Germany. The children all came to America upon the death of their parents. Their names were: Albert J., Bebet, Matilda, Benjamin F., Henrietta, and Solomon. All are married and living in Baltimore, with the excep- tion of Solomon, who died a few years ago, in Chicago, Illinois. Few men have met with more uniform and sig- nal success in business than Benjamin F. Ulman; and the great opulence and popularity he has acquired is mainly attributable to his untiring energy, superior business qualifications, strict integrity, and the honorable and sys- tematic method of conducting his affairs. In commercial circles, none stand higher than he for faithful compliance with every business promise or obligation, and strict ad- herence to mercantile honor. He has never sought, or desired, political station, preferring to devote himself quietly to his private interests; to those enterprises which direct the current of trade to Baltimore, and to those works of benevolence to which we have already referred. Mr. Ulman is a gentleman of great force of character and OC WC MX \ LELALLL LE Ew LEEFFEEE: Oo LI LLL _ Z Le 22 LE EE LE Ze Z ZEEE LE Ae LEE LL EE ZZ LZ EE Ze LLL GZ rariklin Lrg BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. individuality ; possesses a strong and determined will, united with a most excellent judgment, sagacity, and fore- sight, and gives as much attention to the minutest details as he does to the heaviest operations of his extensive busi- ness; qualities which cannot fail to keep him upon the highroad of success and prosperity. ’ * 2ZOLD, Rev. BENJAMIN, D.D., was born in the Hun- 3 garian village of Nemeskurt, November 15, 1831. “a. = Until the age of ten, with occasional absences i in neighboring cities, his time was passed in the village school. In 1841 he began his studies, with a view to the ministry, at Presburg, Hungary. His career there was one of notable progress; giving attention to the various branches of Hebrew learning, including the Hebrew Scriptures, Talmud, etc., and also Latin and Greek. He was at Presburg seven years. In 1848 he went to Vienna, where he continued to manifest the same interest in prepa- ration for his life-work until 1855, when he entered the University of Breslau, where, besides giving special atten- tion to philosophy, he studied the Semitic languages. He completed his course of studies at that university in 1859, and immediately afterward received a call to become Rabbi of the Oheb Shalom Congregation of Baltimore, Mary- land. He accepted the call, and has since been elected as Rabbi of this congregation for life. The religious interest of his congregation has increased under his earnest minis- try, until it has become the largest Hebrew congregation in the city of Baltimore. In 1878 it celebrated its twerlty- fifth anniversary. It will therefore be seen that the con- gregation was comparatively young when Dr. Szold took the charge of it. Under his wise administration it has, in the nineteen years of his connection with it, grown to be one of the wealthiest and most intelligent of which the Hebrew worshippers can boast in this country. In his views and practices Dr. Szold is neither radical nor ortho- dox, but moderate. These three terms represent the dif- ferent classes into which the Hebrew Church, particularly in this country, is divided. In essentials, there is unity, but in regard to forms and ceremonies, a variety of opin- ions prevail, and according to those entertained by each it is placed in one of these three classes. The radicals con- tend for a conformity with the requirements of the age, and would dispense with all forms and antiquated observances. The orthodox are jealous of any invasion whatever. Age, with them, sanctifies and makes customs dear. They be- lieve that to-defile the channel is to pollute the stream. Between these limits, however, comes the moderate, and occupies a middle ground, claiming that forms play an im- portant part; that though efficient, they are not sufficient ; that ruthlessly to reject them is as bad as to narrow-mind- edly retain; and that here, as elsewhere, true wisdom con- 155 sists in the observance of the golden mean. The wide and charitable views of Dr. Szold, his varied learning, his careful preaching, critical, clear, and impassioned, together with his courteous and kindly bearing, have gained him not only the confidence and affection of his people, but a high place in the esteem of the best citizens of Baltimore. He has written and published a number of works: Oud- lines of the System of Fudaism ; Selections from the Bible, in Hebrew, Germanand English ; The Proverbs of Solo- mon, in Hebrew, German and English, arranged according to different Subjects ; a prayer-book for public services, and one for family use, are among the number. Dr. Szold has been prominent in the organization and maintenance of the Hebrew benevolent institutions of the city. In 1859, be- fore settling in Baltimore, he married Sophia Shaas, of Hungary. They have five daughters. jRADY, Henry H., son of James and Margaret Brady, who emigrated from Ireland, and settled in New Castle County, Delaware, in the year 1828, was born, January 24, 1831, in the above- named county and State. He received his primary education at New London, Chester County, Pennsylvania. His ambition to be self-supporting, and at the same time gratify a laudable desire for further literary acquirements, induced him to seek the position of a district school-teacher near his parents’ residence, and though young and inexperi- enced, he discharged the duties of that position to the entire satisfaction of his patrons, for a period of three years. He then determined upon a more active employ- ment, and entered into the business of merchandising at St. George’s, Delaware, and successfully conducted the same until 1857, when he removed to Chesapeake City, where, in connection with his brothers, George F., William and Samuel Brady, of Delaware ,City, he engaged in the towing of vessels through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Some idea of the magnitude of this business may be formed from the fact that the firm employed from forty to fifty laborers and drivers, from seventy-five to one hun- dred head of mules and horses, and two to four steam-tugs, aggregating a large capital invested, with profitable re- turns. Mr. Brady has been a life-long, uniform Democrat of the old school, and influential with his party, but has been too busy a man to be drawn into office-seeking, even if his tastes had inclined him in that direction. He has, however, served as County Commissioner, with great credit to himself and advantage to the tax-payers of his county. He is a Director in the National Bank of Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, and is recognized as a clear-headed business man, of sound judgment and discretion in financial matters, and unswerving integrity. He is a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church, active in all moral 156 and benevolent enterprises, and in an eminent degree enjoys the respect and confidence of the community. Mr. Brady is one of that class of men whom it is safe for young men to imitate. He was married, March 27, 1861, to Rebecca S., daughter of Joseph and Rebecca Cooper. Their ancestors emigrated from England as early as 1679, and settled on a tract of land through which ran- a stream of water now called Cooper’s Creek, Camden, New Jersey. Their descendants are numerous and highly respectable. By this union he has had three children, Lucy Cooper, Carrie Gould, and Henry Brady. ee JOHN SAMUEL, Lawyer and Member of the General Assembly, was born in Baltimore, ye Maryland, March 16; 1852, and was the eldest son a of Charles and Mary J. (Harrison) Campbell. His father was a florist and horticultural gardener, of Scotch-Irish descent, and came from the North of Ireland to America in 1849. His mother’s family emigrated from England to Virginia, about the middle of the last century. ‘About the time of the Revolution his mother’s grandmother came from Virginia to Maryland, since which time the family has resided in Baltimore city and county. The subject of this sketch received his education at the Baltimore City College, from which he graduated with honor, in 1868. He then entered the National Bank of Baltimore, and per- formed clerical duty for several years, but he was desirous of entering upon professional life, and began the study of Jaw under the direction and tuition of William H. Cowan, Esq., a member of the Baltimore bar. In 1874 he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession with Mr. Cowan, which he still continues, Mr. Campbell has for several years been prominently con- nected with the Democratic party, and in the fall cam- paign of 1877 he was chosen by his constituents, of the Third Legislative District of the city, to be one of their candidates for the General Assembly. In that campaign, which terminated successfully, he took an active and prominent part, and became one of the Representatives of the city in the lower house for the term of two years, from January 1, 1878. In that body he has shown himself an intelligent and useful Legislator, and has won the respect and confidence, both of his constituents and his fellow- members, PU RecDEVITT, Epwarp P., M.D., of Baltimore, was & B 4 2 born in that city in 1854. He was educated in ba eP ie studies for two years at Loyola College. He then commenced the study of medicine in the office of various schools of Baltimore, and pursued his Dr. John M. Stephenson, of Baltimore, who at that time BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. enjoyed a large practice. In the fall of 1872 he matricu- lated at the medical department of the University of Mary- land, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1875. After receiving his diploma he continued his studies as a resident student and assistant physician at Bayview Asylum, en- joying the advantages of that position for six months, when he associated himself in practice with his former pre- ceptor. This connection, however, lasted but for a brief period, and Dr. McDevitt finally established himself in the practice of his profession on his own account at his pres- ent location, 137 North Exeter Street. Although a young man, he has succeeded in building up a good practice, and has attained a prominent position in his profession. The doctor’s father, Edward McDevitt, is a native of County Donegal, Ireland. He came to America in 1840, and settled in Philadelphia, where he remained for seven years, and then removed to Baltimore, where he has ever since been actively engaged in business. By assiduity and wise management of his affairs, he has acquired a handsome competence, and has been able to give each of his children an excellent education. He has considerably improved the neighborhood in which he resides with substantial residences, thus greatly enlarging the taxable basis of the city, and takes a deep interest in all enterprises designed to promote the general welfare of the community. SWo>.LAKE, Grorcer A., Builder, was born in County gy > Mayo, Ireland, August 23, 1834, where he re- eas ceived an excellent education, and was brought to America with his parents in 1846. They landed i in Boston, Massachusetts, where they remained for several months, and then went to Baltimore, where they settled. There George continued to pursue his studies until the age of sixteen years, when he entered, in a clerical capacity, an extensive ship-chandlery establish- ment in Baltimore, where he acquired a useful knowledge of mercantile affairs. After the expiration of two years, having a strong predilection for mechanical pursuits, he resigned his clerkship, and voluntarily apprenticed himself to the house-building business, being thus employed until his majority in 1855. During that year a general fever broke out among the enterprising and adventurous young men of the Eastern and Middle States to try their fortunes in the West. Young Blake caught the infection, and went on a trip with the view of prospecting for a suitable place in which to locate. He first visited St. Louis, Missouri, where he remained for a brief period, and then went up the Missouri River to Kansas. From thence, after a short sojourn, he travelled through several other sections of the West. In Clinton County, Iowa, he purchased valuable real estate, which he still owns. After remaining about two years in the West, he returned to Baltimore, and eg le BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. entered into the building business. The general depres- sion then existing, deterred him from active or extensive operations on his own account. As soon as the financial gloom and unsettled condition of public affairs, occasioned by the American civil war, had passed-away, he engaged in his business with great activity, and has pursued it with vigor and energy up to the present time. Among the ear- liest and most valuable improvements made by Mr. George A. Blake, may be mentioned the erection of about thirty- two first-class dwellings on Jackson Square, just east of Broadway, Baltimore. Indeed, that entire beautiful square may be said to have been built up by him, and to his exer- tions is it indebted for the improvements and ornamenta- tions which it has received from the city. He has built, in conjunction with his brother Charles, extensive rows of ele- gant dwellings on both sides of East Baltimore Street, be- tween Washington Street and Collington Avenue, and sey- eral first-class residences on Pratt Street, near Patterson Park, the latter being among the finest structures in that section of the city. In connection with the same brother, Mr. George A. Blake has built a splendid row of press- brick and marble-front residences on St. Paul Street, occu- pying the entire north side of the square between Biddle and John streets. These, for architectural beauty, perfect- ness of arrangement, and general finish, are unsurpassed by any private dwellings in Baltimore. In addition to the many houses built by him on his own account, he has erected many private structures and warehouses on con- tract. The number of buildings constructed by him may be counted by the hundreds. Few men have exhibited more energy, perseverance, and enterprise than Mr. Blake, and to none is Baltimore more indebted for its material growth and architectural beauty. By enlarging the tax- able basis of the city, with his valuable improvements, he has added greatly to its revenues. In this light, and in the fact that he has given employment to great numbers of me- chanics and laborers, he may be regarded as one of Balti- more’s most useful citizens, and truly a public benefactor. Mr. Blake’s ancestors were of an old and honored family of Ireland, and were, for many generations, large landed proprietors in County Mayo. He married, in 1856, Miss Harriet Grigg, daughter of William Grigg, of St. Mary’s County, Maryland, and has six children. Mr. Blake isa gentleman of the strictest integrity and most perfect relia- bility in all his business operations and contracts, He is of a social and genial disposition, and commands the love and-esteem of all who are on intimate personal relations with him. He is yet in the prime of life, and in the midst of great business activities, which bid fair to add to his usefulness almost indefinitely, if in the future he should continue to be as public-spirited and enterprising as in the days and years that are past; and the large number of per- sons employed by him will be constrained to consider him in the light of a benefactor, and one who lived not alone for himself, but also for the good of others. 21 157 Mayo, Ireland, January 10, 1836. When he was ten years of age, his parents removed with him < and their other children to America. They arrived in Boston, Massachusetts, where they remained for awhile, and then went to Baltimore and settled. Charles was placed at the best private schools of that city, and re- ceived an excellent education. At a proper age he com- menced to learn the carpentering and building business, and on the attainment of his majority became a thorough expert therein. He soon began to display that remarkable enterprise and energy which have resulted in his building up large sections of Baltimore with elegant and valuable dwellings and warehouses. Among the most important of the improvements constructed by him, in conjunction with an elder brother, are extensive rows of press-brick and marble-front residences on North St. Paul Street. These rank among Baltimore’s most splendid private structures, and the latter are exceptionally fine in their arrangements, architectural designs, and elaborate finish. They have added immensely to the value of property in the section where they are erected, and have given an impetus to im- provements in that direction, that bids fair to soon result in covering the entire territory from Biddle Street to Jones’s Falls with magnificent residences. He has thus proved himself to be a public benefactor, and wseful and most valuable citizen. Other portions of Baltimore are indebted to him for many of their best improvements, and he may well be regarded as ranking among her prominent and dis- tinguished builders ; and it may be added that there is none whose work is executed with greater faithfulness, or whese contracts are more honorably observed. Mr. Blake is quiet and unobtrusive in manners and disposition, and is very reserved. He is more demonstrative in acts than in words, In him there is combined caution with energy, sagacious thoughtfulness with enterprise, qualities which have been largely instrumental in assuring him the uniform success and prosperity which have characterjzed his career. Pro: fessor Fowler, the distinguished phrenologist, gave Mr, Blake an excellent character chart in 1863, and the predic: tions he made of his future successes, based upon certain traits, have been remarkably verified. Mr. Blake married, in 1876, Miss Marrion Wolcott, of Baltimore. He has one child. Though still a young man, he has identified his name with the growth and progress of his adopted city, and es- tablished his claim to be regarded as among her most useful citizens. Ja i Cuar es D., Builder, was born in County Al) Vo cn. IWap, LAKE, Henry, Builder, was born in County Mayo, al) Ireland, March 10, 1840. He comes of an old, o> highly honored family of Ireland, where his father and grandfather were extensive landed proprietors (in Mayo County). In 1846 his parents came to America, and after a brief syjourn in Boston, Massachu- 158 setts, settled in Baltimore, where Henry spent his youthful years, and was educated at the best schools of that city. Mr. Blake is one of the most extensive builders in Balti- more, and all the structures erected by him are among the most elegant edifices that adorn the city. To him is that splendid section of Baltimore, known as Eutaw Place, in- debted for no less than thirty of its magnificent residences, whilst Madison Avenue, Bolton Street, and Charles Street Avenue, are each adorned by an equal number of fine residences, erected through his energy and enterprise. The number of houses of that description erected by him in different sections of Baltimore, is not less than one hun- dred. Mr. Blake is still continuing his business operations most actively, and, considering the fact that he is still a young man, is destined to add immeasurably to the archi- tectural growth and beauty of Baltimore, as well as to his own fame as a builder. He is plain and unostentatious in his manners, sociable in his disposition, and displays all those qualities which win the esteem and friendship of those with whom he is brought into personal relation. He is a gentleman of unquestioned integrity, and perfectly re- liable in the fulfilment of his contracts. € 5. OODWARD, Davip AcHESON, Professor of Fine /\y by Arts, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., September eyo 16, 1823. His grandfather was W. W. Wood- His father was William Hill Woodward, who, after carrying on the publishing business for some time in Philadelphia, removed, with his family, to Cincinnati, O. Here he established the first, and at that time the only publishing house in Cincinnati, which business he carried on there successfully for several years. His mother was Eliza Young, only child by first marriage of David Ache- son, of Washington, Pa., a prominent politician and mem- ber of Congress, and a native of the North of Ireland, and descendant in the collateral branch of the family, of Archi- bald Acheson, Lord Gosford, in the Peerage of Ireland, and ex-Governor General of Canada. In Cincinnati, David very soon began to show a liking and aptness for art. When not more than five or six years old, he began to draw in imitation of other drawings and paintings. Before he was ten years of age, he began to draw and paint from nature. His first painting in oil, a portrait of his brother, was made at about the age of fifteen. His mind was.so much taken up with art, that his father found it difficult to have him give attention to anything else. When about thirteen years of age, he went to college at Washington, Pa., for about three years. He then returned to Cincinnati, and, in connection with T. Buchanan Read, who was then painting, opened a studio, After painting in Cincinnati for about a year, he went to Philadelphia, ward, a well-known publisher of Philadelphia.’ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. opened a studio on Chestnut Street, and also continued the study of painting and drawing from the casts in the Penn- sylvania Academy. After remaining there for about two years, he left the city, and for four years travelled and painted. In this way he travelled over a great part of the United States. In the fall of 1847 he located in Balti- more, Maryland, and occupied for a number of years a studio on the corner of North and Fayette Streets. In 1851 he married Miss Josephine, only daughter of Joseph Laty, a well-known shipbuilder of Baltimore. From this union he has now living five sons and two daughters. Mary, a highly educated and interesting girl, died in 1876, at the age of twenty-one. In 1852 he was engaged by the Maryland Institute, which had been but recently or- ganized, as Instructor of Drawing. In 1853 he was elected as principal of the department, which position he held until 1860, when he was elected by the board to re- organize the school, which resulted in the present School of Art and Design, and of which he was chosen principal. This position he has ever since held. The success of this school has been unparalleled in this country. The report of the United States Commissioner, at Washington, shows that the school in 1874 and 1875 had twelve teachers and a yearly attendance of five hundred students. Mr. Wood- ward has also been ingenious in inventions, the most im- portant of which is the solar camera. It is the apparatus by which all large photographs are made, and is now in common use. In 1859 he visited Europe, where he suc- cessfully introduced the camera. This invention brought about an entire revolution in photography. Professor ‘Woodward has painted the life-size portraits of many of the most eminent men of the last half century. Wh ASIN, IsAAc FREEMAN, is descended from some of Y LYS the earliest and most prominent settlers in Mary- A land. The Rasins are of French descent. father was a sea-captain, his vessel sailing between New York and Liverpoal. When he left the sea he settled in the State of New York, finally removing to New York city. John Fields belonged to a Quaker family, who were banished from Massachusetts to Rhode Island, and his wife was of Scotch descent. The subject of this sketch received a common-school education. Leaving school at the age of fourteen, he entered a drygoods store as a clerk, 180 and was so employed until the year 1836, when he com- menced business on his own account, in New York city, and continued to do a prosperous business for eight years thereafter. In 1848, he removed to New Castle County, Delaware, near Newark, and commenced farming, remain- ing there five years, and in 1853 removed to Caroline County, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, where he still resides. His plantation comprises one thousand acres. Mr. Fields is a member of the Democratic party, and has taken a very prominent part in politics. He was elected to the State Senate in the year 1867, and was returned the two succeeding terms. During his last term he was chosen as the presiding Officer of that body, and served during the entire term with great efficiency. Previous to being elected President of the Senate, he always took a prominent part in the debates and work of the Senate, and proved him- self a very useful member. He strenuously opposed all unnecessary appropriations, but was ever ready to cast his vote and influence in favor of those evidently needed, as in the case of the $130,000 appropriation for the payment of the mortgage on the Insane Asylum necessary to enable the State to repossess itself of the property. He opposed the payment of all moneys not actually appropriated by the Legislature, on the ground that the party who contracts a debt is personally responsible if he transcends his authority, and that the same principle is applicable to legislative bodies and those who are delegated to act forthem. His persistency in advocating measures in favor of retrench- ment and economy was such that Mr. Fields was generally spoken of as “the watch-dog of the Treasury.”” He was an able and courteous presiding officer, and during his senatorial career favored and earnestly advocated all im- portant and necessary laws. He has been a Freemason since 1867, and is an active member of the Patrons of Husbandry, having served twice as master of that order. He has been married three times, first to Miss Sarah Van Buren, daughter of George and Sarah Van Buren, who re- sided near Kinderhook, New York, and second to Eleanore H. Boulden, daughter of Nathan Boulden, of New Castle County, Delaware. The maiden name of his present wife was Harriet P. Wright, daughter of Isaac and Ann Wright, of Dorchestér County, Maryland. Her father was a prom- inent farmer in that locality. Mr. Fields has eight children living. oven Henry NIcuHoLas, Real Estate Broker, SAD was born on Franklin near Chatsworth Street, Bal- fs timore, Maryland, at 4 o’clock a.m., December (> 23, 1834. He is the next eldest child of Nicholas Dill and Mary Ann (Snodgrass) Bankard, grandson of Peter and Catharine (Dill) Bankard, the grandsire be- ing of German descent. His mother was the daughter of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. William and Catharine (Hart) Snodgrass, and was of Irish parentage. The original name was Snuggrass, but was changed by the family, in Ohio, to Snodgrass. The sub- ject of this sketch is emphatically a self-made man, having enjoyed but slight advantages of an academic education. His father was one of the oldest master builders in Balti- more, and preferring that his son should follow in his foot- steps, imparted to him a thorough knowledge of the same business. In this vocation young Bankard evinced great ardor and industry. He soon became skilled in the use of tools, and often boasted, while a mere lad, that he could make as good an ovolo, or a gothic sash frame, panel door, or blind, as most of the workmen in the shop. He thus acquired a thorough knowledge of building and matters pertaining thereto, especially the value of property, which in due time became very usefnl to him. In 1869, he em- barked in the law and real estate business with W. A. Munson, a clever young lawyer, which partnership was dissolved by the death of Mr. Munson. Mr. Bankard has continued to carry on the real estate business at the same place, No. 5 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, ever since, exhib- iting great energy, prudence and business tact. His prac- tical education and thorough knowledge of the business, acquired through years of experience, have given Mr. Bankard superior advantages. He is regarded a formida- ble competitor when houses, building lots and lands are being negotiated or sold; and his opinion and judgment are sought and approved in questions affecting the value of property. Having been actively engaged in buying and selling real estate and other property for nearly twenty years, he has succeeded in establishing a very large and prosperous business, and is an authority in real estate mat- ters in Baltimore. He has been successful in nearly all of his undertakings, his success being mainly attributable to his quick perception and sound judgment. Although a Marylander by birth, he voted for Fremont for President, and afterward for Lincoln. True to his convictions, he was an earnest worker in the cause of the Union all through the civil war, giving to it his moral and phys- ical support, his time and his money. To prove his faith in the principles he professed, though having no aspiration for office, he consented, at the instance of his greatly lamented and noble friend, Henry Winter Davis, to become a candidate for the Legislature on the first eman- cipation ticket ever voted for in Maryland. This was a trying period, and although ten years prior to that time it would have been regarded dangerous to be seen reading a New York 7rcé¢ne in Maryland, Mr. Bankard received over six hundred votes. During Mayor Brown’s adminis- tration of the city of Baltimore, when the flag of our country was not allowed to be displayed, the flag on Mr. Bankard’s house was the last to be furled. His place was therefore visited by.a mob, and his country-seat barely saved from fire by the stratagem of the tenant in asserting that she was as good arebel as the parties composing the mob: Mr. x BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Bankard shouldered his musket when Baltimore was threat- ened, and was in the memorable campaign of seven days on Brown’s Hill, and materially aided the Union officers in their works of entrenchment and defence. In 1874 he was unanimously selected by the Republican party as their can- didate for the First Branch of the City Council, and although believed to-be fairly elected, he was not allowed to be so re- turned. Mr. Bankard has for twenty years been a member of the Mechanics’ Lodge of Odd Fellows, and of the Mon- umental Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. He has always taken an active interest in all works of prog- ress, philanthropy and charity. He is uniformly a stead- fast friend to the struggling and deserving poor. He has held many prominent positions of honor and trust. He was Secretary and Director of the Newington Building Association of Baltimore, from its origin to its: successful close, a period of eight years. For the past eight years he has held the same responsible offices in the Newington Land and Loan Company of Baltimore, receiving and distributing the entire earnings of the company, aggregat- ing nearly a million of dollars, with entire satisfaction to all concerned. In 1867, his health becoming impaired, in company with Rev. Dr. Backus and his estimable wife, and the Rev. Dr. Sewell, of Baltimore, he spent a portion of the winter on the Island of Cuba, visiting the chief -points of interest and note, especially the beautiful and famous cave at Matanzas, and the lovely Yurumi Valley, returning home in the spring, invigorated in body and mind. Mr. Bankard’s, religious proclivities lean toward Methodism, sympathizing with his mother’s training, but he is extremely liberal in his views, and has often been heard to say, that there are as many routes to heaven as there are rivulets to the ocean. He is a practical and sys- tematic business man, warmhearted and affectionate in his nature, and quick, active and energetic. He married Car- oline A. Horn, second daughter of Benjamin and Regina (Reppert) Horn, and has had ten children, six daughters and four sons, one of his sons, George Louis, having died in 1877. The names of his children are as follows: Mary Regina, born Thursday, at 11 P.M., May 27, 1858; Clara Virginia, born Sunday, 11 A.M., November 25, 1861; Edgar Howard, born Tuesday, 10 A.M., August 6, 1863; Caroline Lincoln, born Sunday, 9g P.M., January 29, 1865; Henry Nicholas, born Saturday, 5 A.M., January 26, 1867 ; George Louis, born Friday, 2 A.M., March 12, 1869; Florence Reppert, born Thursday, 10 P.M., June 29, 1871; Charles Sumner, born Wednesday, 514 a.M., September 3, 1873; Margaret Snodgrass, born Friday, 9 P.M., Sep- tember 24, 1875; Elizabeth Dill, born Friday, 3 A.M., September 14th, 1877. Mr. Bankard is the author of sev- eral able articles on public questions of the day,—reform in the local administration of the city, taxation, and other matters affecting the public welfare. He writes in a terse, bold and vigorous style, and the productions of his pen always command attention from their thoughtful character. 24 te 181 He is now in the prime of life, firmly established in a large and prosperous business, and highly respected for his strict integrity and many excellent traits of character. 1 coon, James E., was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, August 24, 1828. His ances- x tors for several generations were natives of Mary- i land, well known and highly respected. His grand- uncle, Jacob Stansbury, did a large wholesale dry- goods business, in the early history of Baltimore, on Bridge Street, now called Gay Street. His father, Jacob Stans- bury, and six of his brothers, were all -soldiers, and. some of them officers, in the war of 1812. One of these brothers, Colonel Elijah Stansbury, still living, in the eighty-seventh year of his age, was, in 1848, elected Mayor of Baltimore, and served his term with honor and the approval of his fel- low-citizens. One of his uncle’s, on his mother’s side, Dr. A. H. Lemmon, served as a surgeon in the army of 1812. His mother was Margaret G., daughter of George Lem- mon, Sr., of Harford County, who was largely engaged in the tanning business, and was noted for his superior pro- duction in that line. Mr. Stansbury received his early edu- cation chiefly in the county schools. Until his seventeenth year, he helped his father on the farm, exhibiting remark- able energy and tact. He then went to Baltimore and served as a clerk and salesman for three years, in the cloth- ing house of George Presstman, at the end of which time he and Captain Robert M. Bean bought out Mr. Presst- man’s interest, and began business on their own account. This partnership continued for three years, when Mr. Stans- bury purchased Mr. Bean’s interest, and successfully con- ducted the business alone for fifteen years. In 1854, Mr. Stansbury bought the right of Dane’s patent brick machine, for three-fourths of the United States. This machine tempered the clay and moulded the bricks at one opera- tion. This purchase proved a great success fora time; but it at last failed, owing to the breaking out of the civik About 1865, Mr. Stansbury sold out his clothing business, and began that of oyster and fruit packing, in which he has since continued. This business proving a success, he has added to his buildings, as necessity re- quired, until they have reached immense proportions. The space actually covered by them embraces a superficial area of fifteen thousand seven hundred square feet. The facto~ ries are four in number, one four stories high, and the others two and three stories. The main building is forty by one hundred feet, and is fitted up with all the new and improved arrangements; the other three buildings are each thirty by one hundred and thirty feet. This property all belongs to Mr. Stansbury, and is admirably situated for his business, having excellent wharfage and railroad track in close proximity. About three hundred hands are usually war. 182 employed, but in busy seasons the number is largely in- creased. The trade of this house extends in every direc- tion, all over the United States. Mr. J. B. Stangbury, son of the principal, represents the house abroad. There is an increasing demand for its goods in Europe. Mr. Stansbury is President of the Red “ C’”’ Oil Manufacturing Company of Baltimore. He is a‘member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He married Attia L., daughter of Captain John W. Sword, September 16, 1851. She died December 16, 1865. In 1868, he married Martha J., daughter of George Lemmon, Jr., of Harford County. They have five children living, two sons and three daughters. TANSBURY, Hon. Eau, was born in Baltimore YD County, Maryland, in May, 1791. His ancestors x were well and favorably known as among the ¢ earliest settlers of Maryland. He was the sixth son L of Elijah Stansbury, Sr., who bought a farm and mill-site in Harford County, where Elijah spent his youth- ful years, receiving a common-school education, and being the chosen leader of his young companions. Having an aversion to farming, he went to Baltimore in his seven- teenth year, and apprenticed himself for three years to his brother, in the business of bricklaying, which contract was faithfully carried out. Though lame from an accident received in early childhood, he offered his services as a volunteer in the war of 1812, which commenced just as he became of age, and was enrolled in the Baltimore Union Artillery, under command of Captain John Mont- gomery. He took part in the successful defence of Balti- more against the British forces led by Major-General Ross, in 1814. After the close of the war, he again enlisted in the Twenty-seventh Regiment Maryland Militia, com- manded by Colonel Samuel Moore, who, in view of Mr. Stansbury’s honorable record, procured for him a lieuten- He was gradually promoted to the office of colonel, and retained command of the regiment until the end of the militia system of that day. In 1815 he entered into the business of bricklaying on his own account, which he carried on successfully for ten years. In 1817 he married Miss Eliza, second daughter of Mr. Philip P. Echel, of Baltimore. About 1825 he began a general mercantile business, into which largely entered the manufacture of botanical medicines known as the “ Thom- sonian.”” The firm in the line of medicine consisted of G. Myers, E. Stansbury, and Dr. Samuel Thomson. Dr. Thomson was the originator of what was known as the Thomsonian system. In 1862 Colonel Stansbury re- tired from business with a competency. In 1824 he became a member of the City Council of Baltimore, and served with such satisfaction to his constituents that he held that position for eight consecutive years; he was also ant’s commission, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. a member of the Maryland Legislature for three consecu- tive years. In 1848 he was elected Mayor of Baltimore by a handsome majority. During his administration, the affairs of the city were conducted with such economy and prudence as to meet the approval of all parties. Colonel Stansbury has been a member of six different secret asso- ciations,—the Freemasons, Odd Fellows, Druids, Red Men, Sons of Freedom, and Sons of Temperance. He passed through the different grades of Odd Fellowship, until he became a Noble Grand, and also Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, and through the different degrees of Masonry until he attained the highest degree that the Order in the State of Maryland could confer. In 1822 he united with the Episcopal Church, of which he has ever since remained a faithful member. December 12, 1877, he had to mourn the death of his beloved wife, a lady of culture, refinement, and deep piety. After a har- monious union of sixty years, their lives had become so blended that her removal seemed like tearing off of half the tree. Though Colonel Stansbury is now in his eighty- sixth year, he still has much vigor of body and mind; he loves the society of his friends; and is always prompt in contributing to the aid of intellectual and benevolent en- terprises. With an unblemished character and a useful life, he now enjoys the repose of a ripe and honored age. x A OSS, GENERAL W. E. W., son of William H. and AY: Frances R. (Miles) Ross, was born in Baltimore, February 26, 1838. He is of Scotch-Irish descent i on his father’s side. From 1773 till after the war of 1812; all the male members of the family, at some time, held rank in the British army; one was a ma- jor on the staff of Cornwallis. His grandfather sold his commission in that army and emigrated to this country in 1804; he settled in Baltimore and married Mary Braden- baugh. In 1812, his brother, General H. L. Ross, appeared in Chesapeake Bay in command of the expedition against Washington, and on September 12, 1814, was shot at the head of his army, before Baltimore, by two riflemen in ambush. His relationship to the “invader” having given rise to much prejudice, and being made the constant occasion of unpleasant remark, the grandfather of General Ross finally left the town and afterwards the country. He attached himself to Bolivar’s expedition for the South American Republics, and in one of the battles in Bolivia he received a severe wound, which resulted in the loss of an arm. He was made Military Governor of Quito, and never returned to this country. John Miles, the maternal uncle of General Ross, was also on Bolivar’s staff, and was captured and shot while carrying dispatches. The mother of General Ross was born in Elkton, Maryland, and, while Miss Frances Miles, taught the first public school BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in Baltimore, on Fell’s Point. She remained in the ser- vice of the public as principal of the Female Grammar School, No. 3, for thirty-five years. Her sympathies and convictions were so thoroughly Southern that she refused to take the oath of allegiance prescribed by the School Board, in 1862, and was removed from the post she had so long occupied, in September of thatyear. General Ross early gave evidence of the inherited family taste and talent for mili- tary tactics; he was Sergeant of the High School Cadets, while a boy attending that school ; also during his boyhood he was page at the convention that nominated Franklin Pierce for President. In 1858 he joined the Baltimore City Guard, a crack military organization of Baltimore, and was drill sergeant till the war broke out. In that capacity he was assigned to drill the Maryland Guard, a battalion raised here by Colonel Brush just before that time. When hostilities commenced, he organized and drilled two regiments of minute men at the Post-office, many of whom were afterwards sent into the field as offi- cers of Maryland regiments. After the riot on April 19, 1861, the militia regiments were disbanded, and General " Ross reorganized the Baltimore City Guard, having four full companies, and was elected major in January, 1863. In June of the same year he recruited the battalion to a regiment of ten companies, and took the field as Lieuten- ant-Colonel of the Tenth Regiment of Maryland Volunteer Infantry, having offered the colonelcy to William H. Revin of the Forty-fourth New York, who had had two years’ experience in the field. In 1864, upon his muster- out with that regiment at the expiration of its term of ser- vice, he received permission from the Secretary of War to appear for examination before the Board of which Gen- eral Casey was president, he being “one of two Mary- landers who laid aside State, family, and personal preju- dices, and identified himself with the Colored Service, and his doing so not only carried with it a favorable influence to the cause, but required no little nerve and principle.” He was passed by that Board, and recommended for a colo- nelcy in the United States Colored Troops. As there was then no vacancy in that grade and he desired immediate assignment, he accepted the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Thirty-first U. S.C. T.. a regiment organized under the auspices of the Union League Club of New York city, and at that time with Burnside awaiting the full comple- ment of companies. While here his brother officers warmly testify to his untiring exertions to promote the efficiency of his command, and to his strict attention to the wants of his troops, which made his regiment one of the most efficient in the brigade; also to the sobriety and earnestness of his life, and to his conspicuous gallantry in the battle before Petersburg, July 30, 1864. His regi- ment led the charge at the Crater, in leading which, with great bravery, he was severely wounded by a minie ball passing through the left knee joint. It was found that amputation was necessary, and he was honorably dis- 183 charged and sent home. In September, he was assigned to duty in Baltimore on court-martial; afterwards he was attached to the staff of General Lew Wallace, as Chief of the Freedman’s Bureau of Maryland, under the famous order of General Stanton, No. 169. In April, 1865, he was mustered out of service, and appointed by the Secretary of War to the Board for awarding compensation to the owners of enlisted slaves, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Sebastian F. Streeter. This board was abolished in 1866, and he was appointed Deputy-Collector of Inter- nal Revenue under John V. S, Findlay, and was reap- pointed by William Prescott Smith. This office he resigned to accept the position of Assistant Assessor, under William H. Purnell, and on the re-establishment of the Board for awards to slave-owners, he was appointed, by Secretary Stanton, as Secretary of the Board. This he resigned in March, 1867, to accept the position of Assessor of Interna] Revenue for the Third District of Maryland, which was tendered him by President Andrew Johnson. He was afterwards, in partnership with Charles E. Weaver, of Washington, engaged in prosecuting Internal Revenue claims. In 1873 he was appointed by General Adam E, King to a clerkship in the Naval Office, and reappointed, in 1877, by Naval Officer Corkran. General Ross has al- ways been an active Republican, and especially active in all organizations affecting the interests and advancement of ex-soldiers. He is an energetic member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Veteran Association of the Maryland Boys in Blue. All the positions of honor and trust which have been assigned him he has filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to the Government. He was breveted a Brigadier-General on the field for conspicuous gallantry before Petersburg, which was afterwards can- firmed by the War Department. He was candidate for the office of Doorkeeper for the House of Representatives of the 39th Congress, 1866. (SHASE, Jupce SAMUEL, was born April 17, 1741, in ¢ Somerset County, Maryland. He was the son of an Englishman, Rev. Thomas Chase, D.D., of the be Protestant Episcopal Church. His mother’s maiden 4 name was Matilda Walker, He was liberally edu- cated, under the tuition of his learned father, and studied Jaw under the superintendence of John Hall and John Hammond, at Annapolis, where, in.1761, he was admitted to the practice of the law in the provincial courts. In 1764 he became a member of the General Assembly of Mary- land, and served for twenty years with great efficiency. He was a fierce opponent of the “Stamp Act.” In 1774 he was chosen a delegate to the first Congress, and re- elected in 1776. He was made one of the Committee of Correspondence of the Province of Maryland. On the 15th of June, 1775, he voted for the resolution, offered by 184 Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, appointing George Wash- ington the General to command all the Continental forces. In the summer of 1775 he was appointéd one of the Coun- cil of Safety of Maryland. In February, 1776, he was appointed by Congress a commissioner, with Dr. Benja- min Franklin and Charles Carroll of Carrollton, to proceed to Canada and endeavor to persuade the people of that province toco-operate in the struggle for independence. Rev. John Carroll, D.D., of Baltimore, accompanied the commissioners, to remove from the minds of the Roman Catholic population all suspicion of interference on. religi- ous subjects. The people of Canada at that time were generally of French descent, and the mission failed. On the 4th of July, 1776, he voted, with joy and eagerness, for the Declaration of Independence, and signed his name to that immortal document on the 2d of August following. He was continued in Congress from 1774 to the end of the year 1778, and served with great ability and usefulness on most of the important committees. In September, 1782, he was appointed by the Governor of Maryland, agent and trustee of the State of Maryland, to recover the stock of the Bank of England belonging to the State. In 1784 and 1785 he served again in Congress. In 1786 he re- moved from Annapolis to Baltimore, and in 1788 was appointed Chief Judge of the newly-organized Criminal Court of the town and county of Baltimore. October 7, 1791, upon the resignation of Thomas Johnson, he ac- cepted the office of Chief Judge of the General Court of Maryland. January 27, 1796, he was appointed, by President Washington, one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, and filled that position with marked ability and fidelity for more than fifteen years, until his death. In January, 1804, John Randolph, of Roanoke, moved, in the House of Repre- sentatives, the appointment of a committee to inquire into the official character of Judge Chase. Articles of impeach- ment were subsequently prepared. On the following 2d day of January his trial before the Senate commenced, and ended on the ist of March, 1805. He was honorably acquitted and passed the rest of his life in the faithful dis- charge of his judicial duties. He died, in full communion with the Protestant Episcopal Church, June 19, 1811. Judge Chase married, first, Ann Baldwin, of Annapolis, by whom he had four children, one of whom, Matilda Chase, mar- ried Judge Harry Ridgely. He married his second wife, Hannah Kitty Giles, in London, March 3, 1784. She was the daughter of Dr. Samuel Giles, of Kentbury, Eng- land. Emily Ridgely, daughter of Judge Harry and Matilda (Chase) Ridgely, married Horatio Hollingsworth, and left a daughter, Matilda Hollingsworth, who married, December 21, 1842, John Henry Carroll, and was the mother of General John Carroll, of “The Caves,” who married, April 21, 1870, Mary Randolph Thomas, the second daughter of Dr. John Hanson Thomas, of Balti- more, Maryland. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Wiss ANDREW ELLICOTT, was born May 15, ‘ () } 1813, at Baltimore, Maryland. His great-grand- ceasyoxe father, Joseph Warner, came over from England Ewan the followers of William Penn, and settled in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where he married Ruth Hayhurst, a native of that county. Not liking that neighborhood, he came into Maryland and settled in Har- ford County. Mr. Warner’s grandfather, Cuthbert War- ner, an astronomer and very ingenious mechanician, mar- ried Ann Smith on the day of Braddock’s defeat. She had three brothers, Colonel Andrew, John, and Ralph Smith. During the Revolutionary war, General Wash- ington having heard of the sterling soldier worth of Colo- nel Andrew Smith, appointed him one of his principal aids. He also had charge of Fort Moultrie, and com- mand of the Carolinas. He continued in the army until the close of the war. A portion of his descendants were scattered through the Southern country. Andrew Ellicott Warner, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Harford County, Maryland, November 27, 1786. At the early age of fourteen he came to Baltimore and en- gaged in the manufacture of silver-ware, in all its branches. -On reaching manhood, he entered into copartnership with his brother, Thomas Warner, and conducted the same busi- ness until the war with England, in 1812-15, after which he continued it on his own account. In 1812, he married Dorothy Litsinger, of Baltimore County. At the time of the formation of the volunteer infantry company, “ Inde- pendent Blues,” Fifth Regiment, commanded by Captain Levering, he joined it, and was promoted to a lieutenancy. At the breaking out of the war the Governor of the State called for officers from the various uniformed companies to command the companies of the new regiments formed. Mr. Warner was given command of one in the Thirty- ninth regiment, which marched to the battle of North Point, and was in the engagement at the time the com- mander of the British troops, General Ross, was killed. A short time afterward he was honorably discharged from the service, when he rejoined the “ Independent Blues,” be- came captain, and continued with the company for a num- ber of years. He also took an active part in the formation of the charitable organization of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and ina few years attained to the high position of Past Grand Master of the State. Subsequently he was elected Grand Treasurer of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of the United States. In politics he was an old-line Whig. He was elected from the Ninth and Tenth wards of the city to the Second Branch of the Coun- cils, of which he was a valued member on account of his business qualities. He was also attached to the City Fire Department. About ten years before his death he was elected president of the organization of “ Old Defenders” of the city, and continued as such until his demise, Jan- uary 16, 1870, in his eighty-fourth year. Andrew Ellicott Warner attended the Baltimore city schools until the age BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of sixteen, when he entered the jewelry store of his father, and in connection with him continued in it until the death of his father in 1870. He then assumed the management of the whole business, and has ever since carried it on. It embraces the manufacture of silver-ware, as well as the general jewelry business. His establishment is at present located at No. 135 West Baltimore Street. In 1860 he married Barbara, daughter of William H. Will, of Balti- more. He has seven children living, four sons and three daughters. His oldest son, Andrew L., a graduate of Stewart Hall, helps his father in the store. Mr. Warner is a Past Master Mason, and a member of the Grand Lodge of the State of Maryland of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of the Baptist congregation. At the breaking out of the civil war he was in favor of a united country. Mr. Warner is the hon- ored representative of one of the oldest jewelry houses in Baltimore, the house having been established by his father nearly a century ago. During that long period, embracing so many changes in currency, financial storms, distress and ruin, it has maintained its credit unimpaired. It has never had a note protested or a draft dishonored. Surrounded by wrecks of old houses, it has unflinchingly fulfilled its engagements. It is one of Baltimore’s honored landmarks of times, both past and present. Its courteous head, in- genious in mechanism, clear in thought, careful in conclu- sions, and persevering in aim, is well fitted to keep un- dimmed its high repute. Among his compeers Mr. Warner is known as a man far-seeing, free-spirited, and high-souled ; a man in whom blend honor and reliability. Aa EAYLOR, Davip BAYLEY, third son of David C. wr y, ir and Margaret S. (Dalby) Taylor, was born in Pon 1 Accomac County, Virginia, February 8, 1840. His father was of Scotch birth, and was brought to this country when an infant by his parents, who settled in Virginia. His mother was of Irish descent, and was born soon after the arrival of her parents in this country. David C. Taylor was a man of noble, generous disposition, which his abundant means permitted him freely to indulge. He was a successful merchant and speculator, owning several vessels in the West India trade, and prospered in all that he undertook. He died of pneumonia, in 1855, and his estate was largely dissipated. His wife followed him in 1863. Their son, David B., was educated at Old Margaret Academy, in Accomac County, and was greatly favored in having for his preceptor an Irishman of remarkable ability in his vocation and of superior education. Leaving school at the age of fifteen, Mr. Taylor was engaged as a clerk in Norfolk, Virginia, till the commencement of the war. He then enlisted in 185 Company I, of the Chesapeake Cavalry, under Captain Simpson, and during the whole four years’ struggle was engaged in constant, active duty with the Army of North- ern Virginia, coming out without a wound, but with health badly shattered, and with an empty pocket. He has never fully recovered his health. On leaving the army he entered the wholesale house of John W. Bruff & Company, Baltimore, remaining with them twelve months, after which he entered a hardware store, in which he had the promise of an interest, but at the end of two years his health completely gave way, and he went to the Valley of Virginia to receive medical treatment, and for the benefit of the mineral waters. Receiving great benefit he remained and opened a store for general mercantile business, which he successfully conducted for seven years. On the 2d of October, 1872, he was united in marriage with Agnes H., daughter of William Wallace and E. C. Montgomery, of Deerfield, Augusta County, Virginia. They have one child, a daughter, Mazie Glendy. In April, 1875, Mr. Taylor brought his family to Baltimore, and bought out the old-established house of A. H. Reiss, wholesale tin- ware dealer, 335 West Baltimore Street, forming a copart- nership with Mr. James C. Chadwick, under the firm name of Taylor, Chadwick & Co., manufacturers and dealers in tinware, stoves, and hollow-ware. They removed, in 1876, to No. 14 South Howard Street, where they continued to prosper. The following year Mr. Taylor bought out his partner, and the business has since been conducted under the firm name of David B. Taylor & Co., and enjoys, not- withstanding the hard times, a largely increasing trade. Mr. Taylor is a thorough gentleman, a man everywhere liked and esteemed. His wife, a lady of strong and decided Christian principle, and his daughter, are also favorites among all their acquaintances. Mr. Taylor has three brothers living, viz., Dr. William C. Taylor, with Canby, Gilpin & Co., Baltimore, wholesale druggists; Cor- nelius T. Taylor, of Sneeringer, Taylor & Co., wholesale tobacco; and Edgar D. Taylor, of R. W. Powers & Co., Richmond, Va. These are all who are now living out of a family of nine children. — Harris J., Lawyer, of Baltimore, was ( Ii born in Centreville, Queen Anne’s County, Mary- land, May 20, 1841. His father was Robert P. i Chilton, who was a merchant of that place, and his t grandfather was Reverend Theophilus Harris, an eminent divine. He is a great-grandson of Reverend Dr. Samuel Jones, who was a chaplain in the Revolutionary Army. He was one of the earliest doctors of divinity in the Baptist Church, and among the first and most distin- guished graduates of the University of Pennsylvania. 186 Harris J. Chilton received his principal education at Dr. Sayunders’s West Philadelphia College, and entered upon the study of law in the office of Honorable William M. Meredith, of Philadelphia, who was Secretary of the United States Treasury, under President Millard Fillmore, and the acknowledged head, at that time, of the Philadel- phia bar. After receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania, young Chilton was admitted to practice in the Courts of that State, and, in December, 1871, was admitted to the bar of Baltimore, soon after which he formed a law partnership with Oliver F. Hack, one of the most talented members of the legal profession in Baltimore, under the firm name of Hack & Chilton. The copartnership continued for three years, at the expiration of which time Mr. Chilton established himself in the practice of his profession on his own ac- count, at the corner of Lexington and Courtland Streets, where he is at present located. Three years of legal prac- tice with Mr. Hack, and four by himself, have given to Mr. Chilton great experience, and few young members of the Baltimore bar have achieved a higher professional reputation than he. He stands aloof from political life, and devotes his entire time and energies to his profession, in which he has been eminently successful. Mr. Chilton married the daughter of his law partner, Oliver F. Hack. OHME, Gustavus CHRISTIAN, M.D., was born in Hessia, Germany, March 17, 1837. His father, Charles Dohme, was the owner of the celebrated White Sand Stone Quarry, of Hessia, but through misfortune in business, in 1848, he decided to emi- grate to America, selecting Baltimore, Maryland, as his future home. His family consisted of seven children, six sons and one daughter. Gustavus was eleven years of age when the family landed in Baltimore. Here his father be- came manager of a marble-working establishment. But ill luck attended his efforts, and his children were, to a great extent, thrown upon their own resources. Gustavus was educated in the primary schools of Baltimore, his studies being chiefly the common branches of an English educa- tion. Being kept under strict surveillance by his parents, and being diligent in his studies, he made rapid progress. But circumstances forcing him to leave his studies, and to seek employment, at the age of fifteen, selecting the drug business, he entered as apprentice with Mr. A. P. Sharp, a pharmaceutist of note, on the corner of Pratt and Howard Streets, Baltimore. His choice proved a fortunate one, for though it entailed constant work for many consecutive hours, it accorded with his taste; constrained industry in- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. duced habits of careful observation, and gave him a knowl- edge of drugs, and an ability in compounding them, which have been of great service to him in his profession. Under the well-known Charles Bickel he was, for two years, as- sistant State Chemist. In 1860 he was Demonstrator of Botany to the Baltimore Botanical Club. He, with I. C. Benzinger, M.D., is the discoverer and compounder of the medicine known as the “ Sulphide of Arsenicum,” which has proven so efficient in skin diseases. He pursued his medical studies under the instruction of Dr. Frederick E. B. Hintze, and in March, 1865, graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Maryland. Soon after graduation, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the United States army, and was assigned to duty in the United States General Hospital located at Frederick City, Mary- land. He joined the Masonic fraternity October, 1870. He passed through the official stages of the Order, having the thirty-second degree conferred upon him in April, 1878. In October, 1867, he married Miss Laura Doscher, of Bre- men, Germany. She died, January 6, 1873. On January 18, 1876, he married Mrs. Martha Cooper, of Baltimore. He has three children. Woe SAMUEL Hanpy, M.D., was born at the a 1) family residence on the Pocomoke River, in x Somerset County, Maryland, August 30, 1818. i He is descended from the Rev. John Henry, an eminently pious and distinguished Presbyterian minister, who settled at or near Rehoboth, in Somerset County, about the year 1700. Finding himself in declin- ing health, and his two sons, Robert Jenkins and John, yet too young to receive or remember his counsel, he wrote for their instruction, and left in manuscript 2 volume of one hundred and forty-nine closely written pages, on reli- gion and ethics, which has been sacredly cherished by his descendants. In 1755 Robert Jenkins, finding that the original had faded and been much defaced by time, copied it into an octavo, bound in leather, in which form it has been carefully preserved, and is now in possession of Dr. Samuel H. Henry. John Henry had numerous descend- ants in Dorchester County. Robert Jenkins was the, grandfather of Dr. Henry. He had two children, the youngest of whom, Henry S., never married. The other, Robert Jenkins, the father of Dr. Henry, was born in Somerset County, in 1781. In early life he was a mer- chant, and was a colonel during the war of 1812. Having taken an active and efficient part, he was made a Brigadier- General, and had command of the two divisions of militia of the Eastern Shore. After his marriage, on Febru- ary 19, 1816, he resided on the plantation, ‘“ Hampton,” BIOGRAPHICAL CX¥CLOPEDIA. near Rehoboth, until his death, which occurred November 29, 1843, in the sixty-third year of his age. Of his seven children, only two are now living, the subject -of this sketch, and John H., who until recently has been engaged in agriculture. Colonel Samuel Handy, the maternal grandfather of Dr. Henry, was one of the most prominent men of his day. He was a wealthy merchant, and lived at Snow Hill, Worcester County. Several of his vessels were captured and burned by the British during the war of 1812, for which he never received indemnity. He married Mary Gore, November 27, 1767. Their seventh and youngest child, Mary Dennis Handy, the mother of Dr. Henry, was born December 20, 1787. Dr. Henry received his classical education at Washington College, on the Eastern Shore, from which institution he graduated in 1835. He studied medicine in Philadelphia, in the office of Pro- fessor Thomas D. Miitter, and received his degree of Doc- tor of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, April 5, 1839. He returned to Somerset County, Maryland, where, having obtained a large practice, he remained until 1844, when, on account of failing health, caused by the climate and excessive labor, he was obliged to remove to a healthier locality. He married, November 14, 1844, Frances A., only daughter of John Ellicott, of Elkridge Landing, Howard County. Her mother, whose maiden name was Mary Langston, of Talbot County, Maryland, was a woman of rare personal beauty. He has three children, Robert Jenkins Henry, M.D., born August 16, 1845, who was assistant surgeon in charge of the hospital at Tallahassee, Florida, afterward quarantine surgeon at that post, and who is married, and now a druggist in Balti- more; Mary Langston Ellicott, now Mrs. William Rogers Sturgeon; and Edward Ellicott, who is now in his eigh- teenth year. Dr. Henry established himself at Elkridge Landing, where he has built up a very large practice in the three counties of Howard, Baltimore and Anne Arundel. His labors were arduous, but the change of location was most favorable to his health, which he entirely recovered, and for more than twenty years was free from every symptom of sickness. The year 1863 he spent travelling in Europe. He remained at Elkridge Landing thirty-one years, and his high standing in his profession became generally known throughout that section of the country. On removing to Baltimore, in 1875, he found numerous friends in that city, and his reputation having preceded him, he at once entered upon a large and lucra- tive practice. He has no specialties; his long experience gives weight to his counsels and inspires confidence in his skill. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and belonged to a Masonic lodge in Howard County for twenty years. He has been faithful in the dis- charge of the duties required of him in the varied relations of life, and true to the highest interests of humanity. In his public and private life he has “‘ ever lived in the great Taskmaster’s eye.” 187 (One, sie, Joun T., Capitalist, was born December 12, 1810, in Harford County, Maryland. His father, John G. Grindall, went to Ohio in 1813, I bought a part of the Pickaway Plains, and began the business of raising cattle, he remaining in that busi- ness there until he died. Mr. Grindall did not go with his father to Ohio, but remained in Maryland, being appren- ticed toa carpenter. After getting through with his ap- prenticeship, he worked as a journeyman for about two years. Being induced by a lucrative offer, he then became manager of the Maryland Chemical and Iron Works of P. T. Ellicott, in South Baltimore. He remained the sole and efficient manager of these works for about fifteen years. At the end of this time, in 1850, an entire change came over the life of Mr. Grindall. He withdrew from the Chemical and Iron Works, and began to give his whole attention to the buying of land within the city limits, and the leasing of the same for building purposes. When money was needed by the lessee, Mr. Grindall would ad- vance the amount desired at a smallinterest. As property continued to rise in value for a number of years, every one owing him paid both principal and interest of the money advanced. In this way Mr. Grindall opened up a number of the streets of South Baltimore, one of which is called by his name. He now owns a large amount of property in all parts of the city, but chiefly in South Balti- more. He has found every real estate speculation in which he has engaged profitable. All his business transactions have been characterized by promptness. Any promise made he has looked uponas sacred. Every note drawn by him has been met at maturity. In this way he has made an inde- pendent fortune. He is a member of the Cathedral Cath- olic Church of Baltimore. In 1840 he married Eliza C., daughter of the late Thomas Armstrong, of Baltimore. At the time of her marriage she owned much real estate in South Baltimore and in the Western States. He has had ten children, of whom five are living. J OSS, JoHN N., was born January 16, 1838, at Wes- i selburen, Germany. His father, John N. Foss, ; was a government contractor. As such he sup- plied horses and war material to the King of Den- mark, and was greatly esteemed for his conscien- tiousness and careful fulfilment of contracts. In order to promote the future financial prosperity of his son, who was called by his own name, he laid aside all selfish con- siderations arising from paternal affection and intrusted him to the care of some friends coming to America. About eight years ago he came to this country on a visit and found his hopes and longings more than fulfilled in his son’s sur- roundings and wealth. He still lives honored and loved in his native land. John, when but thirteen years of age, 188 reached New York, in the care of the friends to whom he had been committed, and being even at that early age of an independent spirit, began looking about for something todo. Ina manner unaccountable to himself, he became separated from his friends, and soon afterward found him- self engaged as a driver on the Hudson Canal. This was a hard place for so young a boy. The past careful disci- pline of his German home, and the natural strength of his moral nature, helped to shield him from the temptations which beset him. Though during his canal service he had no regular hows for sleep, nor any particular place in which to secure it, sometimes snatching a few hours in the boat, a hay-loft, hay-stack, or while riding the horse, his youth and excellent constitution brought him through phys- ically unimpaired. In his six months of canal experience the deepest and most lasting impression made on his mind was that of the picturesque and lovely scenery.on the Hud- son between Albany and New York. Havingleft the canal, without exactly knowing how, he gradually wandered toward Baltimore, arriving there in 1851. On the day after his arrival, strolling through the Broadway market, he fell in with John Snyder, a butcher, who wanted to em- ploy a boy. Mr. Snyder engaged him at four dollars per month. His hours of work were now both hard and long. He had to begin work at one o’clock in the morning, every day in the week, including the Sabbath. But he shrank from neither hard work nor long hours. With a gradual increase of wages, he remained with Mr. Snyder for sev- eral years. He afterward engaged in the service of a num- ber of other men until he was nineteen years of age, when he set up in the butcher business for himself. In this he has continued for twenty-two years. At first beginning in a small way, he has gradually increased his business, add- ing to it the packing and summer curing business, until it is now one of the largest in Baltimore. On December, 1, 1873, he formed a partnership with Charles C. Homer. The firm name then became Foss & Homer. The pack- ing-house of this firm is about two hundred and four by sixty feet in size. They provide their own ice, using in one season about thirty-five hundred loads, or nearly three thousand tons. In 1859 Mr. Foss married Amelia, daugh- ter of George Vieweg, of Baltimore. She died in 1863. In 1864 he married Amelia, daughter of Voluntine Men- ger, of Baltimore. He has two children living. Mr. Foss is an example of what may be done by persistent industry and indomitable energy, combined with moral integrity. In his early youth, in « foreign land among strangers, speaking an unknown language, without money, friendless and alone, and subjected to debasing influences, he bravely passed through the ordeal, and has risen to an honored manhood and a handsome competence, whilst many a man starting out in life with surroundings eminently advan- tageous and helpful, but with less self-reliance and strength of purpose, has yielded to temptation, and brought himself to an untimely end. ; BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. SM WOARTIN, Josern Lroy, M.D., was born in Mon- My mouth County, New Jersey, May 1, 1820. His CAs y ee grandfather, Isaac Martin, was for many years a highly esteemed minister in the Society of Friends. His father was an eminent allopathic physician, and for many years practiced in the vicinity of Monmouth. His parents were members of the Society of Friends. His father died when Joseph was quite young. Soon afterward he was placed under the guardianship of his uncle, William C. White, in New York city. There he received a good education, and commenced his busi- ness career as clerk in his uncle’s wholesale drygoods es- tablishment. The business proved exceedingly distasteful to him, and he determined to gratify the ambition of his boyhood by preparing for the profession of medicine. His predilections for this profession grew as he approached maturity, and on his arrival at that period he abandoned his desk and commenced a course of medical studies, en- tering the Medical Department of the University of New York, where he graduated. Being an independent thinker, and averse to ultraism in anything, he was induced to in- vestigate the claims of the homeeopathic system of medical practice, as it promised a much more certain method for the selection and administration of medicines. The system had so rapidly received public favor, engaging the attention of the most intelligent persons, including the medical pro- fession, that his investigations led him to commence a full and thorough course of study under its most able rep- resentatives and pioneers, Doctors John F. Gray and A. Gerald Hull, of New York, and finally resulted in his adopting it in practice up to the present time. In the fall of 1847 he located in Boston, Massachusetts. There he received a diploma from the Massachusetts Medical So- ciety, and remained in active practice in that city for three years. In 1849 he was instrumental in clearly demon- strating, to the satisfaction of many, the superiority of ho- mceopathy, in the great success which attended his treat- ment of cholera. That terrible epidemic, which ravaged the city of Boston in that year, was held in check by the homeeopathic treatment, and Dr. Martin gained, by his disinterestedness, bravery, and noble conduct among all classes, the merited love and lasting gratitude of hundreds of those who were saved through his zealous care. A pro- fessional reputation was then acquired commensurate with the great good he was enabled to accomplish. In 1847 he married a lady from Georgia, and, in 1861, her health being so impaired by the rigorous climate of Boston, he was obliged to seek a milder and more genial one, and re- moved to the city of Baltimore, where, with slight inter- ruptions, he has since been engaged in the active duties of his profession, always enjoying an extensive practice among the higher classes of society. He has one child, a daughter, who married H. C. Longnecker, Esq., a highly esteemed citizen of Towsontown, Baltimore County, proprietor and editor of the Baltimore County Union. When the civil salaxy Pub. Co. Philada BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. war broke out, in 1861, his own and his wife’s ample in- come, derived mostly from the South, was suddenly cut off by the interruption of communication, his practice seriously curtailed, and during its long continuance his property and that of his wife entirely swept away. In this emergency, nothing daunted, with renewed energies, he ere long at- tained to a large and lucrative practice. In 1865 he sus- tained another reverse inthe impairment of his health from over mental taxation in his profession and the excitement incident to the war. This interruption in his practice was severely felt by him, taken in connection with former troubles, and although he secured the assistance of Dr. Thomas Shearer, a graduate of a homceopathic college in Philadelphia, his patients became somewhat scattered, seeking other physicians. At the end of a year, however, his health was partially restored, and resuming practice by himself, he soon regained what he had lost, and has added largely to it ever since. Doctor Martin has performed many astonishing cures in cases abandoned as utterly hope- less by other physicians of high standing, and has always occupied an elevated position among his fellow-citizens, and a justly enviable one in point of medical skill and abil- ity, standing at the head of his profession. Towards his professional brethren he has always been cordial and gen- erous, giving them at all times in consultations the benefit of his long experience and sound judgment most cheer- fully, and to all he is the urbane and dignified gentleman. He has had several positions of honor and distinction in his profession proffered to him, but has declined them, preferring to confine his energies to private practice. He is in fellowship with the American Institute of Homee- opathy, the first and oldest association of homceopathic physicians, and fellow of several other societies. He isa Master Mason of the order of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. His mind is of the inventive order, and giving scope to it in moments seized from daily practice, he has made several valuable scientific inventions, for which he obtained letters-patent, the last of which was for organized oxygen gas and its compounds, for inhalation in the treat- ment of disease as a hygienic agent, and compressing the same in water for internal or medicinal use, he being the first who has ever opened so widely the field of usefulness of these gases in medicine. As a physician, while he admits of no truer law in medicine than the homceopathic, he claims the privilege of the exercise of judgment in the adaptation of means to the treatment of the sick, believing that every truly honest physician should direct his efforts to the prompt relief of human suffering and the saving of life, irrespective, if needs be, of medical creeds or dogmas. He is bold and fearless, yet discreet in practice, remarka- ble as a diagnostician, with perceptions of diseases and their treatment amounting almost to intuition. His pro- fessional career in Baltimore has been one of brilliant suc- cess as a physician, and as a citizen he has enjoyed the con- fidence and respect of the community in which he lives. 25 189 Sef OCKERIDGE, HONORABLE Henry, Lawyer, and pity) one of the most prominent Union men of the State f " during the civil war, was born in Hadley, Hamp- i, j shire County, Massachusetts, August 31, 1822. 2, The family is of old Puritan stock, and he is the lineal descendant of Dr. Stockbridge, of Plymouth County, Massachusetts, who came from England in 1628. His grandfather, David Stockbridge, was in active service in the war of the Revolution. He died in 1833, at the age of eighty-three. His father, Jason Stockbridge, born in 1780, was a farmer possessed of considerable wealth, and a man of decided ability and influence. He was a Whig in politics, and served many terms in the State Legislature. He died in 1860, at the advanced age of eighty years. His first wife was a sister of Silas Wright, the father of the distinguished statesman, Silas Wright, Jr., who was Gov- ernor of New York, United States Senator, etc. His sec- ond wife, the mother of Hon. Henry Stockbridge, was before marriage, Miss Abigail Montague, a descendant of a celebrated Puritan family of-that name, who came from England early in the history of Massachusetts. Another of his sons is Hon. Levi Stockbridge, of the Massachu- setts Agricultural College. as lecturer on agriculture and cognate subjects, and has been several terms in both branches of the Legislature of his State, a Presidential elector, etc. Like so many New England boys, Mr. Stockbridge grew up alternating farm life with study, his mental force and acquirements receiv- ing tenfold vigor from his physical training. He graduated as Bachelor of Arts from Amherst College in 1845, and came to Baltimore the same year. He then pursued his legal studies with Coleman Yellott, and was admitted to the bar, May 1, 1848. After practicing law alone for a short time, he formed a partnership with Mr. S. M. Coch- ran, which continued until the latter became a Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1861. Since that time he has had no partner. He has had an extensive and lucrative practice and has been for many years one of the leading lawyers of the State. On the questions which divided the country, and brought on the deadly struggle of 1861, he took positive ground for the Union, and for the abolition of slavery, as the only possible conditions of peace and permanent harmony between the States, laboring incessantly during all the years of war for the salvation of the coun- try. He was the intimate friend and coadjutor of Hon. Henry Winter Davis, and with that illustrious statesman and patriot, was one of the leaders of the Union party during the perilous period of the war. He was frequently associated with Mr. Davis in important cases tried before the Court of Appeals, and on the death of the latter, in 1865, he was chosen to deliver a eulogy on his life and character before the Maryland Historical Society. In 1862 he was appointed by Governor Bradford one of the Com- missioners of the enrolment of the draft of that year. In 1864 he was elected to the Legislature, taking a leading He has a national reputation 190 part in the deliberations of that body. He framed and secured the passage of the law calling the Convention of that year to frame a new Constitution for the State. He was elected to a seat in the Convention, and was made tem- porary chairman, also Chairman of the Judiciary Commit- tee. One of the leading objects of the Convention was to abolish slavery and remove the oppressive discriminations which had previously existed in the laws of the State against the colored race, as well as to secure measures for the education and elevation of the whole body of the com- mon people. Many of the provisions of that Constitution were prepared and introduced by Mr. Stockbridge. Among them a provision requiring the General Assembly to estab- lish a township system, a measure regarded as of great im- portance by a majority of that body. He took an active part in the canvass for the adoption of the Constitution that had been framed, and after the vote had been taken was the counsel employed by its friends before the Gover- nor, and in the Court of Appeals, to secure the procla- mation of its adoption. With Honorable Henry Winter Davis he argued the case of Miles v. Bradford, Governor, 22 Maryland Rep., 170, the decision of which in accord- ance with the positions taken by him and Mr. Davis established the new order of things. During the existence of the Freedmen’s Bureau, he acted as counsel for that department of the government in this State. In the line of his duties he procured the issuing of writs of hadeas corpus against certain parties holding minors of the African race in practical slavery under the apprenticeship system which prevailed in Maryland after the Emancipation. The suits were brought in the United States Court, and tried in one instance before Chief Justice Chase, and in another before Judge Giles, both jurists deciding against the legal- ity of the system. Asa result of these decisions over ten thousand apprenticed minors were released. In 1866 Governor Swann, who had been elected as a Republican, attempted to give the control of the State into the hands of the Democratic party, and as a part of that political programme, sought to depose the Police Commissioners of Baltimore city, by appointing a Democratic board. This revolutionary proceeding was strenuously resisted by the existing board, and the greatest excitement and tumult was the natural result. Mr. Stockbridge was one of the counsel for the Republican board, and by his energy and prudence contributed to a peaceful solution of the scenes of excitement which for several days threatened to termi- nate in riot and bloodshed. As a rule, he has avoided criminal practice, and has devoted his talents to prominent civil suits before the higher tribunals of the States. He has always been active in fostering the educational interests of the State, and has been a frequent and valuable con- tributor to the press. He is President of the Mercantile Library, and Vice-President of the Maryland Historical So- ciety. He was married in 1852, to Miss Fanny Montague, of Massachusetts. They have but one child,a son, Henry, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. who graduated Bachelor of Arts at Amherst College in 1877, and in law at the University of Maryland in 1878. SAY, Rev. WILLARD GIBson, Pastor of the Calvert Street New Jerusalem Church, Baltimore, Mary- "a land, was born at Circleville, Ohio, January 25, 1834. His father, Demoval Talbot Day, was brought up as a farmer, and became a contractor in construc- tion of public works. He was the son of Samuel Day, who, with his father, Leonard Day, served in the Revolu- tionary war as soldiers in the Virginia militia. Samuel having enlisted at sixteen years of age, served three years and re-enlisted, and with his father witnessed the sur- render of Cornwallis at Yorktown. In 1805 Samuel Day and family removed from Pendleton County, Virginia, to the reservation for Virginia Revolutionary soldiers in Southern Ohio, known as the “ Virginia Military District.’? The family settled on lands in Ross County, not far from Chillicothe, an old Indian town, then the capital of Ohio. On the breaking out of the war of 1812 three of Samuel Day’s sons joined the army, but Demoval, then but four- teen years of age, reluctantly remained at home. In 1831 Demoval was married to Ruth Merriam, of East Poultney, Vermont, whose family had removed to Ohio, and were among the early settlers of Marietta. They had five sons, of whom the eldest, Deming, a lawyer, joined the Union army, in 1861, as captain, and rose to the rank of General ; the third, Samuel, served as lieutenant in the First Ohio Artillery; and the fourth, Selden Allen, enlisted on the day Fort Sumter was fired upon, was promoted for bravery on the field, and is now (1878) captain in the Fifth United States Artillery. The fifth son died young, and the only daughter, Mary, married Charles H. Burchenal, a lawyer of Richmond, Indiana. Willard Gibson Day, the subject of this sketch, was early sent to school, and at seven years of age became a pupil in the Chillicothe Academy, an in- stitution for the education of older boys and young men. When Willard was but nine years of age his father died, and it became necessary for older brothers to provide for themselves. Willard went into a variety store—a kind of curiosity shop—kept by a Mr. Norton, in Chillicothe, where he remained three years, when he determined to learn the printing business. He apprenticed himself for five years to Mr. George Armstrong, editor and publisher of the Azcient Metropolis, and applied himself diligently. He became familiar with all branches of the business, and held the position of foreman throughout the latter half of his apprenticeship. In his sixteenth year, in the absence of the proprietor, he took charge of the entire office, then issuing a daily, weekly and tri-weekly newspaper. In September, 1852, he completed his apprenticeship, received a graduating certificate, and having served as journey- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. man for one day, he set out for Urbanna, Ohio, to complete his preparation for entering college, for which he had been studying during such leisure moments as he could find between the working hours, after nine at night and before six in the morning. He entered the Urbanna Semi- nary, and completed its course in one year, when he entered the newly-established Urbanna University. He ran rapidly through its course, supporting himself meanwhile by work in printing offices at Cincinnati. In 1855 he be- came the first ‘Senior Class” in the university. On the 26th of May of the same year he was married to Miss Caroline Cathcart, daughter of David Cathcart, Esq., of Dayton, one of the pioneer educators in Southern Ohio. The following year Mr. Day received license to preach, and, in 1857, was ordained to the ministry of the New Jerusalem Church, by the Rev. James Park Stewart, Presi- dent of the Ohio Association. He was soon afterward called to minister in Northern Ohio, and resided for ten years at East Rockport, but preaching in various parts of the State. In 1867 he received a call to Detroit, Michi- gan, where he remained but a few weeks, when he accepted a call to the Third New Jerusalem Church in Baltimore. In this charge he remained for seven years, when the First and Third New Jerusalem churches in Baltimore joined in one, and he was elected minister of the united societies, which position he now holds. The new society soon after erected its present house of worship on Calvert Street, which is the fifth house of worship built by this denomination in Baltimore, in which city the first New Jerusalem church in America was established. During his service in Ohio, Mr. Day was three times elected Presi- dent of the Ohio Association, and has also served several terms as Presiding Minister of the Maryland Association. He has a high reputation as a writer, preacher, and lec- turer, and is at presenta member of the Board of Examiners of Theology in Urbanna University. Mr. Day is a devoted student of language and literature, and especially fond of Shakspeare, on whose life and works he has frequently lectured. He has three sons, of whom the eldest, Hermon Willard, is in business; the second, William Cathcart, and the third, David Talbot, are students in the Johns Hop- kins University, Baltimore. yor ALEXANDER H., Manufacturer, was born It January 16, 1840, in Baltimore, Maryland. His “* father, Alexander Russel, was also a native of CG He was engaged in the manufacture of The firm of which he Baltimore. brick for about forty years. was a member sent to New York the first pressed brick ever used in that city. He died in 1865, one of Balti- more’s highly respected citizens. Alexander H. Russel received his education in Baltimore. In 1875, on the 191 death of his father, he took his place and became a mem- ber of the firm of Burns, Russel & Co., the largest brick manufacturing firm in Baltimore. The brick manufac- tured by them have for forty years had the highest repu- tation, and, in 1876, received the first prize at the Centen- nial Exhibition in -Philadelphia. They also took the premium a number of years ago at the Paris Exposition. They are now shipped to nearly all the principal cities of the United States. Of them, the Tribune Building, the Western Union, the Buckingham Hotel, and many other of the principal buildings of New York city, are built. They excel in uniformity of shape, color, and durability. In 1877 the value of the brick manufactured and sold by this firm amounted to about one hundred thousand dollars. This year (1878) the amount will be still larger. The business is now carried on by Mr. Russel alone, but still under the firm-name. Mr. Russel is a member of the Mount Vernon Methodist Church. In 1869 he married Sarah Amelia, daughter of Cyril Reach, of Baltimore. He has two children, Alexander and Mary, living. WPYOWE. Wixiiam Henry, Clerk of the Circuit J Court of Garrett County, Maryland, was born July a 20, 1832, in the lower part of Alleghany County, ‘ in the same State, on the line of the old Baltimore pike. His parents were George: Henry Tower, a native of Massachusetts, and Parthenia Ann Cartmell, of Winchester, Virginia. His father was endowed with fine natural abilities, and was a good English and classical scholar. In the Educational History of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, this gentleman has the honor of introducing into the schools of that county an improved system of in- struction, far in advance of his contemporaries, and which has since become general. William Henry Tower, the subject of this sketch, had the advantage of a liberal academic education, and received his tuition at the Miln- rood Academy, Shade Gap, Huntingdon County, Pennsyl- vania. His preference tended toward mathematics, in the study of which he attained creditable proficiency, and also thoroughly mastered all the English branches. Though more than ordinarily subjected to the snares and tempta- tions surrounding young men, he faithfully adhered to his early moral training, and maintained an exemplary and temperate course in starting out in life. His first experi- ence in active business was that of clerk in a store, which he entered at the age of seventeen years. He held that position for about one year, and after that tried various other employments, such as clerking, serving as a mail agent, and as a member of an engineer corps, until attain- ing the age of twenty-four years, when school-teaching suggested itself to his mind, and he followed that unre- mittingly for something over six years, during which time 192 he filled some important positions. His last term he served as Principal of the public school at Oakland, Maryland, in the year 1872. Prior to this, in 1864, he was tendered, and accepted, the charge of the lumber department of the busi- ness of H. G. Davis & Company, at Deer Park, which place he held for three years. In 1869 he was elected one of the Board of County School Commissioners of Alleghany County, and was chosen clerk of the County Commissioners of that county, filling these positions for two years. On the division of Alleghany County and the formation of Garrett County, he was elected, in 1872, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Garrett, and re-elected, in 1873, to fill the office for the term of six years, which he now holds (1878). Mr. Tower was chosen Corresponding Secretary of the Garrett County Bible Society in 1870. In 1858 he became a member of the Order of Sons and Daughters of America; in 1872, of the Order of Good Templars; in 1873, of the Knights of Pythias; in 1874, of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows; and in 1877, he joined the Order of Knights of Honor; of each and all of which he is still a member, and has filled with distinction the highest position in each. He is one of the ruling elders of the Presbyterian church at Oakland, and superintendent of its Sunday-school. Politi- cally he is an advocate of the old-line Whig party, and an earnest defender of the principles on which it was formed. Mr. Tower was married, July 3, 1856, to Miss Rebecca Peterson Totten, daughter of Ezekiel Totten, Esq., of Oaklatid, Maryland. Physically, Mr. Tower is a little above the medium height and strongly built, fair complex- ion, and dark hair and eyes. He walks with a quick, elastic movement and gentlemanly bearing. He is affable and pleasing in manner, and of a warm, generous and self- sacrificing nature, ever prompt to respond to the appeal of charity, even at personal inconvenience. In his business relations he is always just and accommodating, discharg- ing cheerfully and faithfully all duties imposed on him or solicited by others. He is a man eminently qualified to fill any position, public or private, bestowed upon him. AYRE sss. «be CHARLES, was born, March 2, & ( P 1815, at Deschnu, Bohemia. His great-grand- gc father was Chief Rabbi at Prague. His grand- father, Samuel Winternitz, was Chief Rabbi at Tar- bor, Bohemia. His father, William Winternitz, was Rabbi at Patzau, Bohemia, and afterward at Deschnu. Charles Winternitz pursued collegiate studies at Tarbor for four years, and at Prague for three years. His father wished him to become a rabbi, but he preferred to pursue a business life. Bringing to commercial pursuits a mind thus well trained, his business career proved one of marked From his sixteenth until his twenty-first year, he He success. carried on the drygoods business in his native place. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. then married Wilhelmina, daughter of Hiram Block, of Dob, Bohemia. Very soon after his marriage he removed to Vienna, and there also carried on the drygoods busi- ness. There he continued for seven years to do a prosper- ous business. He then returned to his native place, and there entered into the wholesale drygoods trade, which he continued for four years, until the great fire of 1844, which destroyed the whole city. In this fire Mr. Winter- nitz lost almost everything he had. After this severe loss he determined to come to America. On the eve of his going, his friends rallied around him and tried to induce him to remain in Bohemia. They offered him the use of money, and held out other inducements. But Mr. Win- ternitz having made up his mind to emigrate, sailed for Baltimore, with his wife and five children, which city he reached October 20, 1845. On his arrival at Baltimore he had but one five-franc piece in his pocket. Being de- termined to do anything by which he could make an honest living, he in a few days got work at scouring clothes. Though unaccustomed to the business, he made enough by it to support his family. He was thus employed for about six months, when he began the iron business. In about two years from that time he had two stores in the city, and was very successful. In this business, except about two years, he has ever since continued, having with- stood all financial shocks, and secured a large competence. One of his houses on Howard Street contains new, heavy hardware; the other three houses on Howard Street em- brace an old iron yard. His house on Pratt Street is a large warehouse, and embraces bar iron, bar steel, all kinds of machinists’ and blacksmiths’ tools and materials, and coach materials. In the old iron line his firm, Charles Winternitz & Sons, do the heaviest business in the city of Baltimore. Mr. Winternitz is firm in his political views, but not a partisan. He has always declined political office. He has been for five years President of the Har Sine congregation, on Lexington Street, being the oldest Jewish Reformed congregation in the United States. He has been a member of the different Jewish benevolent as- sociations since their organization. He has eight children, of whom three, David, Lewis, and Hiram are associated with him in business. Two of them, Samuel G. and Wil- liam, are carrying on individually the same kind of busi- ness in which their father was engaged. Of the three daughters, one is married. He has sixteen grandchildren. Although engaged in a large business, he devotes much of his time and energies to the well-being of his fellows, Without show, he is the helper of the needy. To do good to the poor and suffering has been one of the chief aims of his life. In the life of Mr. Winternitz is illustrated in a remarkable manner the results of early education and a well-trained mind, concentrated with great energy and singleness of purpose upon the accumulation of money, in order that thereby he could bring comfort and happiness to his family and the community. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. FE en Aucustus F., M.D., Professor of Diseases of sg Women in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, "~** Baltimore, was born at Eisleben, Prussia, May 4, a 1837. He received his preliminary education in the schools of that place, and entered the Gymnasium of Eisleben, in 1849, preparatory to a university course. His family emigrating to this country, he accompanied them, and settled in Baltimore, in 1856. Having acquired some knowledge of English before leaving his native country, he entered the office of Dr. John C. S. Monkur, late Pro- "fessor of Practice of Medicine in the Washington Univer- sity, June 19, 1856, and remained under his tuition until he graduated with the degree of M.D. from the University of Maryland, March 2, 1861, after attending three courses of lectures in that institution. He settled in Baltimore, in general practice, but turned his attention more particularly to surgery and the diseases of women. November 1, 1862, he married Annie, eldest daughter of Henry Baetijer, Esq., of Baltimore. Upon the approach of Asiatic cholera, in 1866, realizing the great danger of an extensive epidemic liable to result from a large number of cellars in his neigh- borhood partially filled with stagnant water, he invented an automatic draining apparatus, in which he applied the power of the hydrant water to the expulsion of the water collected in the cellars. He was awarded a patent for it by the United States Patent Office, in 1866, and many wet cellars have since been successfully drained by this con- trivance. Baltimore being after the war overrun by a large number of unprincipled quacks and abortionists, he made a motion at one of the meetings of the Baltimore Medical Association for the appointment of a committee to draw up a law for the suppression of quackery and criminal abortion, and to secure its passage by the Mary- land Legislature. The committee was appointed, with Dr. Erich as chairman, a law drawn up, and finally passed, principally through his indefatigable efforts. He was ap- pointed, in 1867, by the Governor of Maryland, a member | of the first Board of Medical Examiners created under this law. In 1868 he was elected a member of the East Baltimore Special Dispensary, and the specialty of the diseases of women assigned to him. As auxiliary to his labors in this branch he has invented a number of instru- ments that bear his name. Among his contributions to scientific literature are the following papers: ‘‘ New Pes- sary for Procidentia Uteri,’” Medical and Surgical Repor- ter, May, 1868; “New Uterine Speculum,” Mew York Medical Fournal, February, 1869; ‘‘ Croup,” Baltimore Medical Fournal and Bulletin, April, 1871. “The Pre- vention of Coal Oil Explosions,” Baltimore Physician and Surgeon, January, 1874. ‘ Cholera Infantum,” ibid., June, 1876; “ Postural Taxis in Strangulated Hernia,” ibid., January, 1875; “ Displacement of the Uterus,” ibid., June, 1875; “ Report on Gynecology,” Zransactions of the Medical Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1876. He organized the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore, 193 in 1871, which met weekly at his house for the first few months of its existence, until its membership increased to over seventy, when it became necessary to rent a room for its use. He was elected its first president, and takes great pride in the continued success of the society. He has been elected a member of the following societies: Baltimore Medical Association; Pathological Society of Baltimore ; Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland ; Gynecological Society of Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Society of Baltimore; Academy of Medicine of Balti- more; and the Maryland Academy of Sciences. In 1873 he was elected Professor of Chemistry in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore. In December, 1873, he was appointed editor of the Baltimore Physician and Surgeon, a medical monthly, published under the aus- pices of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and con- tinued with much credit to fill this position until January, 1876. The chair of the Diseases of Women becoming va- cant, he was transferred to it by the faculty. He has since that time devoted himself most assiduously to that branch, and has frequently performed some of the most important and delicate operations; among these, craniot- omy, sixteen times, without losing a single patient. There is no man who is more entirely and thoroughly absorbed by the duties of his profession, or who is more compelled to sacrifice to it all the ordinary comforts and pleasures of life, than a successful physician. Dr. Erich has been a hard student, and devoted most of his life to the cure of diseases, and inventions for the relief of suffering human- ity. As a lecturer, his distinguished talents were soon rec- ognized, and he drew large classes, even when treating the dry subject of chemistry, so often wearisome to the medi- cal student. He is a man of sound judgment, generous impulses, and remarkable force of character. Honorable in all the relations of life, courteous and gentle in his manners, he commands the respect and confidence of the community, and has a brilliant future before him. MENDERGAST, JEROME ALoysIUs, was born in Havre de Grace, Maryland, October 25, 1831, where his father, the late Captain Charles Pender- gast, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1794, settled at the age of fifteen years. The latter led, for several years, the life of a mariner, and then entered very extensively into the quarry business at Port Deposit. He was contractor for the furnishing of stone to the United States Government for various public works, during the long period of twenty-two years, He supplied all the stone for the construction of the Rip Raps, as also for the Gosport Navy Yard, and the principal public buildings at Washington. Whilst conducting his business as a Gov- ernment contractor, Captain Pendergast became the owner 194 of several vessels, some seventeen in number, which he kept in active service. In 1838 he removed to Baltimore, and entered into mercantile pursuits, as a shipping mer- chant and owner, establishing himself on Smith’s wharf, where, for many years, he conducted business on his indi- vidual account, and subsequently associated with him a son, under the firm name of Charles Pendergast & Son. At the commencement of the American civil war, Captain Pendergast was running seven packet lines to various Southern ports, and was also extensively engaged in the Rio trade. At the termination of the war, he retired from business with an ample fortune, and died, in 1867, in the seventy-third year of his age, esteemed by the entire com- munity for his sterling integrity, enterprise, and usefulness asacitizen. At the time of his death, his establishment was regarded as one of the oldest commercial houses in Baltimore. He left four sons and two daughters, all of whom are living except one daughter. The surviving daughter is the wife of S. Hamilton Caughey, head of the extensive clothing establishment of Noah Walker & Com- pany. James F. and Charles H., two of the sons, consti- tute the house of Pendergast Brothers & Co., of New York, and C. C. Pendergast, the youngest son, has been agent for Wells, Fargo & Company, in California, for twenty years. The subject of this sketch, Jerome A. Pen- dergast, is the only son of Captain Pendergast living in Maryland. He removed to Baltimore from Havre de Grace, with his parents, when he was at the age of eight years. After attending various schools, he was sent to the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts. Whilst a student of that institution, he sustained a very serious injury by falling down a flight of steps, his spinal column being injured, and his confinement to his room being necessitated for many months. After leaving the College of the Holy Cross, young Pendergast entered Georgetown College, District of Columbia. He pursued his studies there for four years, or until his eighteenth year, when he became connected, in a clerical capacity, with the importing house of J. F. Miller & Co., with which he re- mained for four years and a half, when he entered his father’s establishment, and remained therein until the ter- mination of the American civil war. He then became the senior partner in the shipping house of Pendergast, Fenwick & Co., which firm continued in existence for two years. This house ran a line of six steamships between Baltimore and Charleston. After the dissolution of the concern, Mr. Pendergast established himself in business on his individual account, as a ship broker and wharfinger of Smith’s wharf, in which he has beén steadily engaged for thirteen years, his establishment being at No. 77 Smith’s wharf, within a few feet of where his father founded his mercantile house, forty years ago. Mr. Pendergast is also agent for a line of packets between New York and Balti- more. He married, October 2, 1866, Miss Ella Coleman, daughter of the late Robert H. Coleman, of the old phar- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. maceutical establishment of Coleman & Rodgers. He has four children living, three of whom are daughters. merchants exhibit more business vim and energy than Jerome A. Pendergast. He may emphatically be styled a live and active man, ever on the alert to secure regularity and dispatch in his multifarious transactions. His general mode of conducting his commercial affairs has won for him the esteem of all who have been brought into personal relation with him. In manners he is the polished gentle- man, and in disposition, frank and generous. He possesses fine conversational powers, and his personal appearance is strikingly attractive. Few GYONPADDUX, THomas Cray, M.D., was born in ay a _ Fauquier County, Virginia, February 10, 1836. ee He was the seventh son and twelfth child of i Thomas L. Maddux, a very extensive and wealthy farmer, and native of the same place. Thomas L. Maddux’s children numbered thirteen, all of whom have at- tained the age of forty. He was a lineal descendant of Sir William Maddux, of Saven Oak Manor, England, the coat of arms being a tiger, in passive but defensive attitude. At the age of twelve years, Thomas Clay Maddux was placed at the Winchester (Virginia) Academy, where he remained for two years, when he was sent to Flint Hill Academy, Loudon County, Virginia. In 1851 he was en- tered at the Alexandria Academy, Professor Brockett, Principal, where he pursued his studies diligently until 1856, when he graduated with the highest distinction. Whilst returning to his home, after graduation, he met Major Henry T. Dixon, of the United States Army, who had insulted an old and valued friend of his some time previ- ously, and immediately proceeded to resent the insult. There was an exchange of shots, young Maddux receiving a bullet through the neck and lungs, which occasioned a paralysis that lasted for nearly a year. He was so seriously wounded, that his recovery was regarded as miraculous. In October, 1857, he matriculated at Winchester Medical College, and entered as a student the office of the great Virginia surgeon, Professor Hugh H. McGuire, graduating in 1859. He was an exceedingly apt student in anatomy and surgery, exhibiting extraordinary proficiency, in his general and final examinations, in these important branches of medical education. Tn the winter of 1859 he located at White Hall, a small village near Winchester, Virginia, where, in the brief period of nine months, he acquired a widespread reputation in his profession, especially in sur- gery, performing several capital operations, without failing in a single case. Some of them were quite remarkable, one in particular, the case of Mrs. James Rowland, who had been suffering for many years with an immense tumor which involved an entire side of her neck and face. The BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. operation for the removal of a morbid growth, that spread over so large a surface and implicated so many important vessels, was regarded by old and experienced surgeons as an extremely hazardous undertaking—one, in fact, that would necessarily be followed by fatal results. Dr. Mad- dux, however, performed the operation without producing the slightest untoward symptoms. In the fall of 1860, Dr. Maddux feeling that White Hall and its vicinity was too contracted a theatre for the exercise of his acknowledged professional abilities, removed to the city of Richmond, Virginia, where he entered at once upon a large and lucra- tive practice, his fame as a physician and surgeon having preceded him to the Virginia capital. Here he continued to maintain his well-deserved reputation as one of the most skilful of modern surgical operators. In February, 1861, at the very commencement of the hostilities in Charleston harbor that ushered in the American civil war, Dr. Mad- dux left Richmond for South Carolina, and was immedi- ately commissioned as assistant surgeon in the army of the Palmetto State, and ordered to duty at Fort Moultrie, Sullivan’s Island, being there at the time of the terrific bombardment of Fort Sumter by the South Carolina forces, which commenced on the morning of April 11, 1861, Major Anderson commanding the United States forces in Sumter, and surrendering on the 13th. On the 14th of the same month (April), Surgeon Maddux was ordered to re- port to Captain Hollinquist for duty, the captain having been assigned to the command of Sumter. Whilst the boat which conveyed the doctor, in company with Captain Hollinquist, General Ripley, and other distinguished Con- federate officers, was lying outside and near Fort Sumter, awaiting orders to take possession, the memorable accident of the premature explosion of cartridges occurred on the para- pet of the fort, whilst Major Anderson was saluting the lower- ing of his flag. Onthis occasion one man was instantly killed and several wounded. The hospital flag was run up in dis- tress, when Dr. Maddux was ordered into the fort to render necessary assistance. Here he performed the operation ofam- putating a leg, the first capital surgical operation performed in the civil war. A few days after these occurrences Dr. Maddux received information that his native State of Vir- ginia had seceded from the Union, and immediately ten- dered his resignation as surgeon in the South Carolina army for the purpose of entering the service of his own State, when Governor Pickens of South Carolina honored him by ordering him to Virginia with the First South Carolina Command, under General Bonham. He accompanied the Second South Carolina Regiment, Colonel Cushan. The train bearing the regiment collided with a freight train at Orange Court-house, Virginia, causing the death of one person, and causing several severe injuries. A negro ser- vant was so mutilated by this accident as to necessitate the amputation of one of his legs, which operation was skil- fully performed by Dr. Maddux. Thus he amputated the leg of the first colored person in the war, as he had that of 195 the first white person. In Virginia, Dr. Maddux served as surgeon in the Confederate Volunteer Army, and was in many of the noted battles, including the first battle of Bull Run, Seven Pines, and the Seven Days’ battle of the Chickahominy. He was finally captured near Bentonville, North Carolina, whilst endeavoring to get within the lines of General Joe Johnston, during the last battle with Gene- ral Sherman, in April, 1865. He was paroled and per- mitted to return at once to Richmond by the way of New- berne, North Carolina, Fort Monroe, and James River, in a United States transport, accompanied by his family. During the war he performed distinguished service on the field and in the hospital as a surgeon, his record as such being unsurpassed in the Confederate service. At the close of the war Dr. Maddux settled quietly down to the practice of his profession in Richmond, Virginia, where he remained until the autumn of 1867, when he left that city owing to the uncongenial elements that had crept into it as the result of the war, and took up his abode in Baltimore, Maryland, from which time to the present (1879) he has been uninterruptedly practicing his profession with signal success. He is an active member of all the leading medi- cal societies of Baltimore, the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and a member of the American National Medical Association, and has always taken a prominent part in their scientific deliberations. He is a gentleman of very decided character, bold in his views and positive in their utterance. His superior skill as a surgeon is only equalled by his coolness and self-control in the performing of the most difficult operations. That most dangerous and delicate operation, lithotomy, he has performed thirty- eight times with invariable success, and his uniform success in all surgical cases is proverbial. REIRCE, THomas, was born April 9, 1806, in the Thomaston, Maine, March 15,1807. His parents a “~"" were Deacon Perez and Melinda Tillson, who a were among the first settlers of the town. His on his mother’s side are traced to the Mayflower pilgrims. Mary Newport, one of the Mayflower passengers, had among other possessions a pewter plate, on which she caused her name to be engraved. She gave it to her eldest daughter, through whom it has been passed down in direct lineal descent to successive eldest daughters, each possessor of the heirloom having her name engraved on it, until it came into his mother’s safe-keeping. Mr. Tillson was educated at the public schools in Thomaston, where he acquired the common branches of an English educa- tion, such as were usually taught in those days. It was the custom then to have a three months’ summer session, taught by a lady, for the younger children, and a three months’ winter session, taught by a gentleman, for large scholars. His father being a farmer, and requiring Ed- ward’s services on the farm from the time he was old enough to be of any assistance, his schooling during the six or nine months’ vacation was necessarily suspended. His tastes and inclinations being mechanical, he was not so well satisfied with farming as he thought he would be in other employment. After leaving school, he was ap- prenticed to the house and ship carpentering trade, at which he worked in his native town for two years, having attained his majority. He then set out on a tour through the Southern States and the West Indies, working at his trade wherever he stopped. After pursuing this mode of life for two years, he returned home and engaged in ship and house building on his own account, which he continued until 1845, when he removed to Massachusetts, and fol- lowed his business in Boston and adjacent cities until 1852. The climate of Boston being unfavorable to his health, he paternal ancestors came from England, and those BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. accepted a position as agent for a coal company in the coal mines of Maryland, where he has remained among the mountains, engaged in the coal and lumber business, ever since, with the exception of three years spent on a farm in Missouri during the late war. Mr. Tillson having served as a captain in the Maine militia, was, in 1832, elected Colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Second Brigade, and Fourth Division of the militia of that State, which he held for seven years, and then resigned. During the period of his command, the frontier difficulty, known as the Aroostook war, occurred, and he was detailed to com- mand a regiment of drafted men to march to the frontier for the purpose of protecting the timber on the northeast boundary. But fortunately, before troops came in colli- sion, the matter was settled by General Scott and Governor Fairfield with the British Minister, and the drafted men were discharged. Colonel Tillson has been Postmaster in both Alleghany and Garrett counties, Maryland. He also held the office of Justice of the Peace and County Sur- veyor, and is now (1878) President of the Board of County Commissioners of Garrett County, Maryland. In 1829 he was initiated, and in due course took the several degrees, in Orient Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and has filled the highest chair in that lodge. On remov- ing to Massachusetts, he was admitted by letter to King Solomon’s Lodge, of. Charlestown, and is at present a re- tired member of it. He has been connected with temper- ance organizations for thirty-five or forty years, and has occasionally lectured’ on the subject. Inthe course of his travels, in the years 1830-31, he several times encountered, in the Gulf of Mexico, pirates that infested the waters about there at that time, and had some running fights, but always escaped unscathed. At one time, while a pas- senger on board a brigantine in the Gulf of Mexico, he was placed, in consequence of the yellow fever breaking out among the crew, in a very critical dilemma. The crew was reduced to one man, and with his assistance, and such knowledge of navigation as he had acquired while sailing as a passenger, they managed to keep the vessel afloat for eighteen days, until they made Moro Castle, at Havana, Cuba. As soon as they were near enough, they made sig- nals of distress, which were acknowledged by the Castle, and in a short time they were boarded by two boats’ crews, one from an English ship of war, and one from a United States man of war, sent out from the harbor. With their assistance, the vessel was brought into port in a very crip- pled condition, having nearly all its sails blown away, in consequence of not having men enough to take.care of them. In early life Colonel Tillson was trained in the doctrine of the Calvinistic and Congregational Chur¢h, and up to the age of eighteen accepted these doctrines; but, on mature reflection and study, he gave up his belief in them, and accepted the doctrine of Universalism. His first vote for a President of the United States was given for John Quincy Adams, against Andrew Jackson. He ft BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. has voted at every election for President since that time. Until the Whig party was dissolved, he always voted with it; since then he has voted and affiliated with the Repub- lican party. Colonel Tillson was married to Mary P. Sawyer, of Portland, Maine, daughter of Captain David Sawyer, master mariner of that place, January 20, 1833. She is still living. They had eight children, four only of whom are living. One son was a member of a regiment of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. He was wounded in the seven days’ battles before Richmond, taken prisoner, confined in Libby prison two weeks, then exchanged and taken to a hospital in Baltimore, where he died of his wounds. The Colonel is a man of strong character, and of prepossessing appearance, somewhat over the medium size, and of fine form. It has been often said that he was the counterpart of General Scott. His social qualities are of the highest order, and his genial manner is patent to all who come in contact with him. His mind is in perfect accord with his disposition and physique. Possessed of good judgment, he brings to all matters with which he deals a broad intelligence and impartial candor. Few men are more capable of making all around them appre- ciate the inestimable worth of a vigorous intellect and genial nature. 1825, at Stonehouse, about fifteen miles above Glasgow, on the Clyde, Scotland. On the parish i records of that place appears the family name in un- ae broken succession for more than a hundred and fifty years. His mother’s name was Bruce. Whether she was a descendant of Robert Bruce, of Bannockburn, cannot be positively ascertained. Dr. Shearer was the seventh son of a numerous family, and from his infancy, it was the cherished wish of his mother, a woman of great gentle- ness of character and deep piety, that he should be educa- ted for the ministry of the Presbyterian Church, then, as now, the leading religious body of Scotland, and distin- guished for its intelligence, general scholarship, and theo- logical culture. With this object in view, he was sent to G 2>HEARER, Tuomas, M.D., was born, August 1, ws) school, in the tenth year of his age, and placed under the charge of a teacher who was famous for his devotion to the study of the classics. In accordance with the English and Scottish method, Latin was taught first, then Greek, and then the mother tongue. Whatever may be said of this mode of study, it is generally conceded that the Scot- tish schools and academies are among the best in the world. So rapid was his progress, that at the age of nine years, at a public examination conducted by the clergymen of the parish, he was awarded the first prize for proficiency in Latin, some of his competitors being several years his senior ; and the second prize for a thorough knowledge of the in- tricate form of the Greek verb was also awarded to him. 26 197 At the age of fifteen, he was admitted to the University of Glasgow, one of the foremost institutions in his native land, from which he graduated with honor in his eighteenth year. About this time his religious opinions underwent a change, and finding that he could not conscientiously sub- scribe to the articles of the Presbyterian Church, as ex- pounded and interpreted by its accredited ministers, he determined to abandon the study of theology and devote himself to the science of medicine. In order to prepare himself for his chosen profession, he entered the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, then regarded as one of the finest medical schools in Europe, from which he graduated at the expiration of three years. His health having been impaired by excessive study, and thinking that it would be benefited by travel and a change of climate, he ac- cepted a position as ship surgeon on one of the packets plying between Glasgow and New York. Sailing from Glasgow, August 1, 1848, he arrived at New York, Sep- tember 12, following. After a brief residence in Phila- delphia, he went into the country, a few miles from that city, where he spent some time during the delightful month of October, and busied himself in collecting spec- imens of indigenous plants to take with him on his re- turn to Scotland. When the ship was ready to sail, he concluded to remain until the following spring, at which time the packet was expected to return to the United States. The doctor did not return to his native land un- til 1878, twenty-nine years thereafter. In 1854 his atten- tion was attracted to homceopathy, then a new, much misunderstood, and sadly abused system of medicine. After a long and patient study of the subject, and a thorough trial of its remedies, he became a convert to homeceopathy, attended three courses of lectures at the Homeeopathic College of Pennsylvania, and graduated in 1858. Twenty years of active and eminently successful practice as a homceopathic physician, have fully served to confirm the wisdom of that step. In 1856 Dr. Shearer married Miss Harriet Fox, daughter of George Fox, Esq., of Philadelphia. Their family consists of a son and a daughter, both of whom are in Europe. Dr. Shearer’s son has chosen his father’s profession, and is now (1878) pursuing his medical studies at the University of Edin- burgh, his father’s 4/ma Mater. The daughter is also, attending school in that city. After entering upon the practice of homceopathy, Dr. Shearer resided for several years in Charleston, South Carolina, where he is still held in grateful remembrance by many warm and devoted friends. Toward the close of the American civil war, he located in Baltimore, his present home. The writer’s personal acquaintance with Dr. Shearer dates from the time of his removal to Baltimore, and he has marked the steady increase of his usefulness and influence. No one has done more than Dr. Shearer to popularize the science of homceopathy, so thoroughly misunderstood and misrepresented by its antagonists, and, until a recent period, 198 generally regarded with suspicion and distrust. Dr. Shear- er’s career in Baltimore has been one of marked success. His patients include a large proportion of the most in- telligent and refined citizens of Baltimore, and the sphere of his professional usefulness is constanly widening. Dr. Shearer’s professional skill has been subjected to many critical tests in various forms of sickness and disease, and generally with the most triumphant and satisfactory results. He is eminently successful in the treatment of diseases of women and children. Although engaged in an extensive practice, his time is not wholly absorbed in the duties of his profession. He is a gentleman of cultivated tastes and fine discrimination in matters of art and literature. Hav- ing received a liberal and thorough education before enter- ing upon the study of medicine, his habits of study have led to literary and esthetic culture, as well as a profound knowledge of medical science, upon which enduring pro- fessional success is based. He is now fifty-three years of age, and in robust health. He is courteous and agreeable in his manners, and most considerate and gentle in his demeanor toward his patients, commanding their esteem, and causing them to regard him as their personal friend, as well as their medical adviser. QCTER, CapTAIN JouN H., was born in Baltimore, ew) September 12, 1832, the eldest son of Charles and Henrietta Suter. His father was a prominent > furniture manufacture, and one of the founders of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts. He was one of the building committee of the Institute on Baltimore Street, and during the prog- ress of that work he contracted an illness of which he died in November, 1851, having survived his wife but a few months. He was a member of the City Guards, and during the memorable mob in the city of Baltimore, when the destruction of the nunnery on Aisquith Street was at- tempted, he, with his command, was on duty several days. He was a kind, estimable Christian gentleman. Captain Suter received a good common-school education in several of the public and private institutions of the city. He, like many boys, was early possessed with the spirit of adventure, and upon the breaking out of the California gold fever, when but sixteen years of age, he was so strongly in- clined to go that his parents finally yielded to his solicita- tions, and on May 11, 1849, he departed for San Francisco by the Isthmus route. He arrived there safely and ap- plied himself to different avocations, but still not satisfied with change and travel, after eleven months’ sojourn at the “Golden Gate,” he shipped as carpenter on the “ Governor Davis,’ a ship of one thousand tons burden, bound for Callao, South America. When entering the harbor of that port the ship was stranded on a reef, and the voyage BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. being thus terminated he remained in that city and in Lima for about seven months, when meeting Captain James Hammond, an old California friend, at this time in com- mand of the bark Canton, he shipped for home. After a stormy voyage round Cape Horn, he was safely landed at New Bedford, Massachusetts, from whence he speedily made his way to Baltimore, to find on his arrival that death had robbed him of both father and mother. Recov- ering from the first shock and disappointment, and his views of life somewhat changed and sobered, he engaged himself with Mr. John H. Tucker, at that time one of the largest chair manufacturers in the city, and an old friend of his father, and applying himself to learn the ornamental branch of the business, he became quite proficient. In 1854, at the age of twenty-two, he married Miss Mary Jane Kidd, the second daughter of Churchill Kidd, of Middle- sex County, Virginia. From that time until the breaking out of the rebellion he was engaged in different pursuits, at times holding positions under the city government, and was an active member of the Vigilant Fire Company, under the old Volunteer Fire Department. During the memor- able campaign of 1860 he was a prominent member of the “Bell and Everett Association of Minute Men,’’ whose hall, on Baltimore Street, opposite Holliday, was attacked by the mob of Secessionists on April 19, 1861. The flag of this association, stretched across the street, was one of the very few exposed’to view at the close of that eventful Friday. That evening he with others had an interview with Governor Holliday Hicks, and he was commissioned as lieutenant by the Governor, with orders to recruit men in the defence of the government, a duty which he imme- diately undertook and in which he accomplished much for his country. He was for a short time attached to the First Maryland Regiment, and furnished quite a number of good soldiers for the Second and Third Regiments. Having spent considerable time and what worldly means he pos- sessed in these laudable exertions, and in performing valu- able services for the Provost-Marshal of the city and for the Police Department, without compensation, till August 27, 1862, he on that day resigned his position and enlisted in Company A, of the Fourth Maryland Infantry, under Colonel R. N. Bowerman. He was soon promoted Orderly Sergeant, and served as such until January 17, 1863, when he was commissioned as Second Lieutenant and as First Lieutenant. In August, 1863, a vacancy occurring in the position of Quartermaster, Lieutenant Suter was detailed as such, and discharged its duties until October, 1864, when he was detailed as Brigade-Quartermaster, serving until re- lieved by a regular officer. In that position he was always addressed as Captain, and is still called by that title. His worth as an executive officer was recognized in his being detailed by General G. K. Warren, commanding the Fifth Army Corps, as assistant to Colonel D. L. Smith, Chief Commissary at those headquarters. Here he served until the close of the war, and although stores and funds to a BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. large amount passed through his hands, his accounts were so well kept that in twenty days after being mustered out he had received from the departments a certificate of non- indebtedness to the government. Captain Suter is now one of the most respected citizens of the thriving village of Woodberry, Baltimore County, having resided there since 1867, and is connected with all the enterprises of his neighborhood. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Py- thias, Red Men, Mechanics, the Grand Army, and other organizations, having filled important positions in mast of them. In July, 1869, he was appointed by the Hon. John L. Thomas, Jr., Collector of Customs at the port of Balti- more, as clerk to the Auditor, and in this office has been retained by the different Collectors since that time. He is now holding the position of Assistant Auditor. Although not a pensioner, Captain Suter has been a constant sufferer, since the winter of 1863, from the effects of a severe cold contracted in Virginia during his term of service. He has four children, Charles Churchill, in business in Central America, H. Clay, in Parkersburg, W. Va., a daughter, Henrietta, and the youngest, John U. ap Scotland, in 1810. After receiving a thorough = education in the best schools of his native town, Rone of his special studies being botany, he, at the D age of eighteen years, assumed charge as floral gar- dener of Sir John Maxwell’s extensive pleasure-grounds at Springkell, Scotland. After the expiration of a year, and at the solicitation of William McNab, Curator of the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, he was appointed head gar- dener to Dr, Neill, at Edinburgh, where he remained four years. Subsequently he was engaged to lay out a large and elegant place in Poland, after fulfilling which engage- ment, he became connected with the Berlin Botanical Gardens, performing the duties of florist, etc., therein, for three-years, when he set sail for America, landing in Phila- delphia in 1837. He had not been in that city many days before he became the foreman of Robert Buist, a dis- tinguished florist in the United States. Such was the repu- tation that he had acquired in Europe as an expert in botany and horticulture, and so satisfactorily had he per- formed his duties whilst in the service of Mr. Buist, that the attention of Mr. Poinsett, Secretary of War of the United States, was directed to him as the most suitable person to occupy the position of botanist for the Wilkes Ex- ploring Expedition. Captain Wilkes tendered Mr. Brack- enridge the post, which the latter accepted. The squad- ron sailed from Fortress Monroe in August, 1838, and the cruise extended to a period of four years, during which the circumnavigation of the globe was accomplished. During RACKENRIDGE, W. D., was born near Ayr, 3 199 the voyage Mr. Brackenridge made a large and valuable collection of plants, seeds, etc., which laid the foundation of the Botanical Gardens al Washington, which were origi- nally established in connection with the Patent Office, but are now located west of the Capitol. Mr. Brackenridge succeeded the late Charles Downing as Superintendent of the Public Grounds in Washington, and whilst acting as such, laid out the Smithsonian Grounds, the public squares around the President’s house, etc. He resigned that posi- tion in 1854. Within the three years immediately subse- quent to the return of the Wilkes Expedition, he wrote an exhaustive work, embracing a description of all the ferns, mosses, etc., collected during the voyage. This book, with an accompanying atlas, was published by the United States Government, and some idea of its vastness and importance can be formed when we state that the plates alone cost three thousand dollars; that the volume was fourteen by sixteen inches in superficial extent, and two inches thick ; and the atlas thirty-six by twenty-four inches in size, and two inches thick. On resigning the position of Superin- tendent of the Public Grounds at Washington, Mr. Brack- enridge went to Baltimore County, where he established (on the York Road, near Govanstown) the nursery and floral business. In 1876, his only son, Archibald Brack- enridge, assumed entire charge of the horticultural depart- ment, and the establishment is now conducted by the father and son, in their separate capacities of nurseryman and florist. There are ten hot-houses, which comprise sixty thousand square feet of glass, and, when fully stocked, con- tain two hundred thousand plants, bulbs, roots, etc., which include many rare growths, such as cocus weddliana, tree ferns, palms, cycods, cactus, etc. The trade of the Messrs. Brackenridge extends through Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas. The most elegant country seats in the neighborhood of Baltimore city were laid out by Mr, Brackenridge the elder, whilst his son, as the florist of the establishment, supplies the principal families of Baltimore County and city with the choicest flowers. The structyres which were erected by the Brackenridges are heated by hot water, cover an area of three acres of land, and may be regarded as the most extensive of the kind in or near Balti- more. The Brackenridge family dates back for many gen- erations in Ayr, its progenitors being mostly large land. holders and agriculturists. Myr. W. D. Brackenridge married, in 1843, Miss Isabella A. Bell, of Jedborough, Scotland, and has four children living, one son and three daughters, His son, Archibald Brackenridge, married Miss Fraser, of Morayshire, Scotland, and one of his daughters married Frank Renwick, son of the late Robert Renwick, of Baltimore, a native of Scotland. Mr. W. D, Brackenridge is a gentleman of fine intellectual culture, and a writer of great ability. He has been a considerable contributor to various publications, and is the present hor- ticultural editor of the American Farmer. He takes an active part in all agricultural, horticultural, and pomologi: 200 cal conventions, and delivers before them addresses upon the subjects which bring them together. He made a do- nation of eight hundred species of ferns (collected by him in Berlin) to the Philadelphia Academy of Science, and was one of the judges appointed by the Centennial Com- missioners, for making the awards on plants, flowers, and everything pertaining to horticulture. son of Mr. Thomas N. Reid, a native of Mont- Y* gomery County, Maryland, and one of the oldest es- t tablished and best known real estate brokers in the city of Baltimore. The doctor’s grandfather, George Reid, served in the United States army in the war of 1812, and his great-grandfather, Alexander Reid, was a gallant sol- dier of the Revolutionary war. His mother was Kitturah Miller, daughter of the late Elijah Miller, of Baltimore, and sister of Rev. Elijah Miller, of the Wilmington, Dela- ware, Conference, Methodist Episcopal Church. When the subject of this sketch was in his infancy, his parents re- moved with him from Ohio (where they had been residing for a few years) to Baltimore, in which city Elijah received his early education. When he was but sixteen years of age he commenced the study of medicine in the office of the late Professor Dunbar, and matriculated as a student in the University of Maryland, graduating from that institution in the spring of 1864. After receiving his diploma, Dr. Reid located for a short time in Baltimore, in the practice of his profession, and then entered the United States army as Assistant-Surgeon, passing a highly creditable examination before the Army Medical Board. His first assignment was to Columbia College Hospital, District of Columbia, where he performed his professional duties most satisfac- torily for about eleven months, and was subsequently sta- tioned at Armory Square and Lincoln hospitals. After serving in the army for some thirteen months, he established himself in practice on the Reisterstown Road, Baltimore County. There he attended the operatives of the exten- sive cotton factories of that vicinity, including the Wood- berry, Clipper, Druidville, and Mount Vernon mills. He continued to practice in that locality for about four years, and then returned to Baltimore, where he has been prose- cuting his profession up to the present time, giving special attention to diseases of the throat, lungs and heart, in, the treatment of which he has been eminently successful, owing to his expertness in the use of the laryngoscope and stethoscope, which he has been employing for some years in the examination of those affections. No physician in Baltimore commands more than he the respect of his pro- fessional brethren, or the esteem and confidence of his patients, to which his talents and great skill entitle him. ‘ A) EID, ELIJAH MILLER, M.D., was born November A 15, 1844, in Fairfield County, Ohio. He is the ~*~ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. prt N RAVERS, CapPTaIn SAMUEL HIcks, was born Jan- J be uary 23, 1811, near Cambridge, Dorchester Coun- ty, Maryland. £8 TT ax Captain Travers traces his descent Z from an ancient family of long standing in Lanca- shire and Devonshire, from whence members of the family of that name settled in Ireland. The first Travers of the Irish settlers married the sister of Spenser, the cele- brated English poet. He was the father of Colonel Robert Travers, who was killed at the battle of Knockacross in 1647. Robert Travers married Elizabeth, daughter of Archbishop Richard Boyle. From them have descended several of the families of the County of Cork, Ireland. Prominent among them is John Travers, Esq., late of Gar- rychone, now of Brick Hill, County of Cork. At what time the first of the family came to America is not known. The subject of this sketch is descended from one of three brothers, named Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who came to the United States, one of whom settled in Accomac County, Virginia, another in Calvert County, Maryland, and the third, in Washington, District of Columbia. His father was William Hicks Travers, a sea-captain, whose home was in Dorchester County, Maryland. His grand- father, John Travers, was also a sea-captain, and a resident of the same county. His mother’s maiden name was Mary Phillips; her father followed the same vocation. Samuel’s early education was very limited, being quite young when he entered upon a seafaring life. At the age of eighteen he was master of the schooner “ Three Sisters,” and afterward of the schooners “ Topaz,”’ ‘‘ Isaac P. Davis,” and “Richmond.” He successively commanded the brigs “ Orbit,” “ Hope,” and “General Scott.” He sailed prin- cipally to South America and the Spanish Main. In 1855 he quit the sea, and was at that time the owner of two schooners. He has since been engaged in ship brokerage, and now possesses the largest interest in eight vessels. On January 11, 1848, he married Elizabeth, daughter of George C. Addison, by whom he has had five children, three of whom are living, namely, George C. A., who is in business with him, Samuel Bascom, who is attending an academy at Williamsport, Delaware, and Susan Virginia, who mar- ried William Reister. His first wife having died, he mar- ‘ried, May 14, 1866, Edna Eliza Schuler, of Winchester, Virginia, by whom he has two children, named respective- ly, Mary Eliza, and Edna Gertrude. Since his sixteenth year he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as his parents also were. both sides were preachers. Chapel, Baltimore. now a Republican. His grandfathers on He is Treasurer of Westey He has been an old-line Whig—is For thirty years he has been an Odd Fellow, and for sixteen years a Freemason. He has been Treasurer of Mount Vernon Lodge since its organization, a period of eight years, and of Corinthian Lodge for the same length of time. He has seen much of the world, and profiting by his varied experience, is now making use of the same for the benefit of those around him. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Wa LACK, AnpREw L., was born August 23, 1840, in SRO the town of Jedburgh, County of Roxburgh, Scotland. His ancestors came from the West of ' Scotland in the time of the Covenanter persecu- tions. In order to have freedom of worship, they had started for Holland, but their conveyance breaking down in the village of Ancrum, Scotland, they remained in that region. His great-grandfather, George Black, be- came a farmer in the parish of Minto, in the neighborhood where was laid, by Sir Walter Scott, a part of the scene of the “Lay of the Last Minstrel.’’ His grandfather, John A. Black, was educated for a civil engineer, and afterward became Surveyor for the County of Roxburgh. In the South of Scotland he laid out most of the new roads, which remain until this day. He engineered the tunnel for the draining of the Berry Moss, which, for that age, was considered a great work. He employed stone for the macadamizing of roads even before the time of McAdam. His father, George Black, was engaged in the town of Jedburgh in the nursery and seed business. He was a man of education, good mathematical talent, and fine natural ability. His judgment was so much relied on that he was often selected as a referee in the settlement of .disputes. His determination was regarded a final decision. In the training of his children he combined strictness of discipline and a large-hearted affection. His children both feared and loved him. Many of his ancestors were men of learning, ability, and political distinction. Mr. Andrew L. Black, the third sun of a family of twelve children, was educated at the Latin school of Jedburgh, at which school Sir David Brewster, Thomson, the author of the Seasons, and other men of note, laid the foundation of their education. When about eighteen years of age he began to help his father in the nursery. To perfect him- self in a knowledge of plants and flowers, he went to Edinburgh, in his nineteenth year, and, for about two years, became connected with the flower and seed firm of Peter Lawson & Sons. While in that city he attended the semi-monthly meetings of the Edinburgh Botanical Dis- cussions. Here he was materially helped in laying the foundation for his wide and thorough knowledge of plants. Having returned to Jedburgh, and spent some time in travelling in England, in 1865, he came to New York. A few months after his arrival he engaged as foreman of the Frost Nurseries, in Rochester, New York. Finding the climate too severe for his constitution, he remained but a part of a year. Returning to New York, he went thence to Richmond, Virginia, where he remained for about three years as superintendent of the nursery of the firm of Allan & Johnson. In 1869 he went to Philadelphia, and for two years became superintendent of the Logan Nursery. He then, for one year, became superintendent of the grounds and houses of William B. Dinsmore, of Satts- burg, New York. In 1871 he removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and established the Belvedere Nursery, at the 201 corner of Chase and Barclay Streets. Here he has about two acres, almost wholly devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fully three-quarters of an acre being covered with glass. He has a great variety of exotics. With one ex- ception, he has the most extensive glass-covered houses, either in Baltimore or Maryland. His hot-houses are heated by hot water and hot-air flues. In June, 1866, he married Annie, daughter of John Turnbull, formerly of Henderside, Scotland. He has four children, all sons. Besides his brother, John A., also an expert at the nursery business, who is connected with him in Belvedere Nursery, he has three brothers engaged in the same business—one, Thomas, in Scotland, and two, Robert and George, in England, proprietors of Yorkshire Nursery and Seed Estab- lishment. They have large business connections, not only in Great Britain, but on the continent of Europe and else- where, through which Mr. Black, on account of his intimate relations with them, has facilities in his business which but few possess. He is one of the Board of Managers of the St. Andrew’s Society of Baltimore, and has also been one of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Horticultural Society since its foundation. The peculiar traits of the better class of his fellow-countrymen, industry, persever- ance, sterling integrity, prudence, and sturdy independence, eminently show themselves in Mr. Black. Vy Loe. HENRY, was born December, 1823, in J KG Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. It is a place of x historic fame, having been the home of Wallace ¥ and Bruce, and containing the castle whither Mary, { Queen of Scots, fled for shelter with her child. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Ronald) Taylor, of Scotch ancestry, and members of the Presbyterian Church. His father was a carpet weaver, and died when Henry was fourteen months old. His mother resided with him about thirty years, and died in Baltimore in 1873. He was the youngest of twelve children. When four years old, he was taken to Falkirk, a few miles from Stirling, where he re- ceived acommon-school education. At the age of twelve years he entered as an apprentice in the shoe business with a Mr. Johnson, and remained with him until he sailed for America, after a service of six years. In 1843 he followed his brother William to Baltimore. William came to this country in 1825, and was engaged in the weaving business in Connecticut until 1840, when he removed to Baltimore and opened a small book and stationery store on North Street, near Market Street, now Baltimore. He paid con- siderable attention to the news business. The post-office then being on the corner of North and Fayette streets, his stand was considered a good one. In 1843, Henry entered his brother’s store as a clerk. The business greatly in- creased, and they rented No. 45 and 46 Jarvis’s Building. 202 When Henry first came to the city he went to the steam- boat wharf, foot of South Street, at eleven o’clock at night for the New York morning papers, carrying them in his arms; since then it has required three wagons to transfer them from the trains, arriving about eleven in the morning. After the lapse of a few years, Henry purchased the in- terest of his brother in the business, he having been a part- ner forsome time. His brother went to New York, where he died. In1852 Henry moved to the Suz iron building, then just completed, where he built up one of the most ex- tensive news agencies in the country. During the war his sales amounted to over four hundred thousand dollars per year, receiving on his own account seventeen thousand seven hundred copies of the Mew Vork Herald, and twelve thousand copies of the Philadelphia Inquirer per day, twenty-four thousand copies of the Mew York Ledger, weekly, and forty-five thousand copies of Harper's Monthly, the bulk of which was sent to the army. Transportation being often interrupted by the burning of bridges and from other causes, great losses occurred at times, but these were subsequently made up. In the year 1870 the Baltimore News Company (a stock company) was formed, and Mr. Taylor appointed manager. This company supplies the wholesale trade and newsdealers. Mr. Taylor has been a member of the Masonic fraternity about twenty-seven years, and a manager of the Boys’ Home for several years, as also one of the managers of the St. Andrew’s Benevolent Society. He has been President of the Peabody Heights Railway, and a director of the Old Town Bank. He has been a member of the High Street Baptist Church since 1860, and a deacon-for over fifteen years. He has also been an active worker in its Sunday-school. He is liberal in his contributions to all benevolent work. He was one of the first residents of the village of Waverly, and con- tributed much toward the present improvements of that delightful suburb. He gave largely to the erection of the Baptist church in that place, and has contributed liberally to the erection of churches in Baltimore. He married Miss Mary A. Thorne, daughter of Rev. Francis Thorne, Baptist clergyman of Devonshire, the garden spot of Eng- land. In politics he is conservative. In 1866 he made a pleasant trip to Europe with his wife, visiting the places and friends of bygone years. x6 .-REM, Perry C., was born in Talbot County, Mary- land, January 6, 1828. He is the youngest son of Hugh S. and Nancy Orem, whose ancestors came from England and Scotland. At the age of sixteen ; he completed his education in the public schools of Baltimore, and then engaged in the grocery and commis- sion house of James Neill, on Cheapside. In 1845 he went to Cincinnati, where he maintained himself for a few BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. weeks by the sale of books, until he could determine upon a business career. He finally began to learn brushmaking, first with Jacob Wolf, of that city, and then with Theo- dore D. Bentley, of Dayton, Ohio, completing his trade with Samuel McCubbin, of Baltimore. In 1849 Mr. Orem began business for himself in Baltimore, in which he con- tinued for a number of years. He was twice married, - first, in February, 1850, to Mary P. Wise, of Baltimore, who died the following December. His second marriage was June 16, 1853, to Catharine Sheeler, of Baltimore. They had eight children, of whom six are living; one married. Mr. Orem is the originator of the Mutual Land- lords’ Association of Baltimore City, also of the South Baltimore Savings Bank, of which he is now Secretary. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he is elder and trustee. He has been superintendent of Sunday-schools for a number of years. He is Chief of Records in the Order of Red Men, and is also a Mason and an Odd Fellow. 7) NOTTS, Joun W., was born in Caroline County, k Maryland, January 18, 1833. He is of Scottish ancestry, his great-grandfather having emigrated a to this country in the latter part of the seventeenth century. His father, David Knotts, a farmer in the last-named county, was a man of high character, and greatly esteemed in the community. He long served as a Director in the Maryland and Delaware Railroad. He married Ann, daughter of John Snow, of the same county. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her death occurred when her son, John W., was only one month old. From the age of eight to eighteen years he was sent to school. He then, for five years, superintended a farm for his father, after which he commenced farming for himself at the old homestead, called “ Large Range Regulated.” In 1861 he removed to his estate in Talbot County, known as Chestnut Ridge, where he has from that time resided. Besides raising the usual farm products he has been much engaged the last ten years in fruit-growing, paying special attention to the culture of peaches, pears, and the small fruits. In all his business he has been very successful, and is now the owner of the following farms: Chestnut Ridge, one hundred and ninety-five acres; a part of the William Tilghman farm, two hundred and forty- seven acres; the Large Range Regulated, three hundred acres, and one hundred acres adjoining it. He also owns a valuable grist and saw mill on an excellent site, formerly known as the Nicholl’s Mills, and with it, one hundred acres of land. He is a gentleman of large business capacity, attending himself to all the details, however varied. He takes deep interest in measures for the promo- tion of education, and is a liberal contributor to religious BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. enterprises. He has also served as one of the Directors of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad, and is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, being now Master of Grange Number 19, of Hillsborough. He has for many years been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1856 Mr. Knotts was married to Ann Emily, daughter of Jesse Hubbard, of Upper Hunting Creek, Caroline County. She died August 20, 1867. Three of her chil- dren are living. His second marriage was to Mary Frances, daughter of John Chaffench, by whom he has two children. WW UMMER, Dr. James Crpuas, was born in Loudon A, County, Virginia, November Io, 1833. His par- ee ents, Washington and Martena B, (Fox) Hummer, ap were both natives of the same county. His mother, now over eighty years of age, still resides on the old homestead. Her ancestors and her husband’s came to this country prior to the Revolution, the Hummers first settling in New Jersey. William, the grandfather of Dr. Hummer, was in that war a patriot soldier under Washington, for whom he bore the most devoted love and veneration. Af- ter the war he removed to Virginia. “Washington Hum- mer was a farmer, and for many years a Justice of the Peace. two daughters survive. He raised a large family, of whom three sons and Universally loved and respected, he was a man of unquestioned integrity and honor. He died in 1855. Dr. Hummer was educated in a popular school in Hillsboro, in his native county. The eleven young men of his class all entered the ministry in 1854, joining the Virginia Conference of the Methodist Episco- pal Church South. He entered with great zeal upon his duties as an itinerant minister, often travelling two hundred miles and filling eighteen appointments in a single month. Sometimes he rode seventy miles and preached five sermons in two days. For the first seven years of his ministry he labored in the following circuits : Princess Anne’s in 1855, Gosport in 1856, Middlesex in 1857-58, King William in 1859, Indiana Ridge, North Carolina, in 1860-61. At this time his health gave way and he was placed on the supernumerary list for five years, though he continued to labor almost as constantly as before, especially among the poor and neglected. In 1867 he was transferred to the Baltimore Conference, and was pastor of churches in Al- exandria, Virginia, Hagerstown and Frederick, in Mary- land, but in 1873, his health became more impaired and he was removed to Baltimore, where he labored with great success as a missionary. Here the needs of suffering hu- manity greatly oppressed his heart. The destitution he met with on every hand was very great; multitudes were not only unable to employ physicians, but even to purchase the necessary medicines in sickness. Resolved to do what he could to assist the suffering, he provided himself with 203 the homeeopathic remedies, and commenced their dispen- sation solely as a charity; and that he might be of greater service, he applied himself vigorously to the study of med- icine under the preceptorship of Alfred Hughes, M.D., one of the ablest physicians of that school in the city. By his advice Dr. Hummer entered upon a general practice, in 1875, continuing all his former kindness to those who were unable to pay. In 1876 he formed a partnership, which still continues, with his cousin, Dr. A. C. Fox, who had been an allopathic physician for fourteen years, and had been for the last five years in Georgia. He had fora long time carefully considered and studied the rival claims of homceopathy, and now adopted it heartily. Dr. Hum- mer was married, June 10, 1856, to Annie A., daughter of James and A. M. Whaley, of Loudon County, Virginia. They have had four children, two of whom are living, Alice Amelia, now Mrs. Emory Cole, and Earnest Edder, five years of age. Dr. Hummer is a popular preacher and a successful physician. He is a member of the Order of Free and Accepted Masons, and a lecturer of repute in the Order. He is an Odd Fellow, and a member of all the Temperance Societies, also of the Young Men’s Christian Association, taking a special interest in that branch estab- lished among the employees of the Northern Central Rail- road. KRIFFITH, Festus, Farmer, was born in Montgom- GC ery County, Maryland, July 12, 1838, where he re- sided and attended various schools until he attained “Y the age of seventeen years, when he entered the academy of the late Benjamin Hallowell, Alexandria, Virginia, remaining therein one year. He then went to Baltimore and entered in a clerical capacity the wholesale grocery establishment of Messrs. T. W. and G. Hopkins, where he remained until the outbreak of the civil war, when he went to Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, and joined Colonel James R. Herbert’s Company (Confederate troops), but was immediately transferred by Stonewall Jackson to Leesburg, Virginia, to assist in drilling and dis- ciplining the companies of the Eighth Virginia Infantry, commanded by Colonel Eppa Hunton. A few days before the battle of Manassas, Mr. Griffith was elected Second Lieutenant of Company H., of that regiment, engaging in that battle, as also in the battle of Ball’s Bluff; the siege at Yorktown; battle at Williamsburg ; Seven Pines, and the seven days’ fight around Richmond, being promoted to a captaincy whilst at Yorktown. In the second battle of Manassas he was wounded in the hip, and in 1864 was captured in the Valley of Virginia, remaining in captivity until the fall of that year, when he was exchanged at Sa- vannah, Georgia. Lieutenant Griffith finally surrendered at the general capitulation of Lee. After the cessation of hos- tilities he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Baltimore and 204 New York, until 1870, when he went to Texas, where he sojourned for four years, participating, during that period, very actively, in public affairs, and extensively engaging in cotton operations. In 1874 he returned to Maryland, where he is now quietly engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1871 he married Miss Evvie Riggs, daughter of Elisha Riggs, a farmer of Montgomery County. Mr. Griffith has three brothers, now farming in Montgomery County, who served with distinction in the Confederate army. These are Thomas, who was a captain; Frank, a lieutenant, and David, who served in the ranks. They were all members of Company A, First Maryland Cavalry. Their father was Thomas Griffith, native and farmer of Montgomery County, and it is a notable fact that their ancestry extends back for at least a half dozen generations as landed pro- prietors and agriculturists of that county. Caan Epwarb W., was born in South King- AX ston, Washington County, Rhode Island, April @ r1, 1809. His ancestors came from Northumber- a land, England, early in the history of the colonies. 4 They were linked with the old nobility of England. In the history of Rhode Island they have long been dis- tinguished for wealth, ability and public spirit. His father, Matthew Robinson, died in 1825, leaving a widow and seven children. The subject of this sketch was then in his sixteenth year. He had two elder brothers, both of whom had learned trades and settled in Providence, Rhode Island. Soon after his father’s death, Mr. Robinson also went to Providence to learn the carpenter’s trade, where he served four and a half years at the business. In October, 1829, he obtained release from his apprenticeship by pay- ing his master fifty dollars for the unexpired term of six months. He then left Providence for Baltimore, arriving there October 19, 1829, being then in his twenty-first year. In Baltimore he obtained temporary employment as a journeyman until the following January. On completing the work in which he was engaged in Baltimore, he went to Washington City in search of employment, but found none, While in that city he heard Webster’s celebrated speech in reply to Hayne, in the United States Senate. He then returned to Baltimore, and on his way saw the site of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which had just been graded from Ellicott’s Mills, a distance of twelve miles. The next day after his arrival at Baltimore he walked to Ellicott’s Mills and returned upon the graded track. He saw the advertisement for contractors to lay the wood and iron track, in sections of about one mile each. Mr. Rob- inson made application to Philip E. Thomas, who was then President of the road, and was awarded the contract of laying three sections. He commenced this early in March, 1830, and completed it about June 15, of that year. The BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. road was opened to Ellicott’s Mills about July 1 following. Mr. Robinson then worked in Baltimore as a journeyman carpenter until October, 1830, when he returned to Provi- dence and spent the winter there. In March, 1831, he was married to Susan P, Bowen, daughter of John Bowen, of Coventry, Rhode Island. Soon after his marriage he returned to Baltimore and settled permanently in that city. He worked at his trade as a journeyman until November, 1831, when, having saved about one thousand dollars, he built a small house on South Broadway, Baltimore, and moved into it in May, 1832. He then built a shop on the rear end of the lot and commenced to contract for house- building. At that time there was 4 demand for the ser- vices of a good carpenter in that part of the city, and Mr. Robinson was soon kept busily employed. In 1835 he entered into a contract with the faculty of the Washington Medical College, which had just been organized, and com- menced to build what is now known as the Church Home Building, on North Broadway, Baltimore. He built the centre building and one wing as it now stands. The fac- ulty not having sufficient means to complete the west wing Mr. Robinson was compelled to suspend operations. The undertaking proved a failure, and Mr. Robinson, through the mismanagement of the faculty, lost very heavily. Al- though his indebtedness thereby incurred was five thousand dollars in excess of his assets he wasnot disheartened. He at once sought and obtained other work, and being en- couraged by friends, whose confidence and esteem he had won by his industry and strict integrity, was not long in repairing the loss he had sustained. Within a few years he had paid all his debts, and had accumulated enough to commence leasing and building houses to sell. In 1844 he established the first sash and door factory at Baltimore, which was located in Canton, at the corner of Boston and Burk Streets. Although the carpenters and builders of that day were opposed to factory work, Mr. Robinson con- tinued to do a large and lucrative business until 1850, when his factory, with all his machinery and stock, was entirely destroyed by fire. He had but three thousand dollars insurance on the property. In January, 1851, he entered into a copartnership with Mr. Ezra Whitman for the purpose of manufacturing plows and agricultural ma- chinery. They built a large factory, planing-mill, sash and door mill, and foundry, on the block bounded by Essex, - Burk, Cambridge, and Concord Streets, Canton, and at present occupied by the Baltimore Car Wheel Company. The business was carried on under the firm name of E. Whitman & Company until January, 1863, when, on account of the bad management of Mr. Whitman, Mr. Robinson was compelled to withdraw from the concern, and resort to legal process for a settlement of the affairs of the firm. Mr. Robinson’s partner having used a portion of the funds of the concern in buying lands and speculating for his personal anvantage, left the business embarrassed and greatly in Mr. Robinson’s debt. This gave rise to a Die baa rao. & Printiies Wy 1 LIV TAI Ale: Siar BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. suit at law, which was not settled until 1866, the large factory and foundry at Canton being closed in the mean- During the continuance of the partnership, Mr. Robinson also carried on an extensive building busi- ness in his own name, but the profits of which accrued to the firm. Being thus provided with all the woodwork necessary for carrying on the business, on the dissolu- tion of the partnership, he resumed house building, to which he thereafter devoted his entire time. In 1853 he bought a shop with steam-power, at the corner of Car- oline and Aliceanna streets, where he continued until 1866. During that time he built many large warehouses and other buildings. In 1866 the suit against Whitman was decided in Mr. Robinson’s favor, and he obtained possession of his factory at Canton. Having the machinery and facilities for carrying on the business of manufacturing agricultural implements, he started the firm of Mont- gomery, Slade & Company in that business. He rented them the room, and furnished them with most of the capi- tal, in consideration of division of the profits, and their devoting their entire time to the business. Mr. Robinson continued to engage solely in fulfilling building contracts. He gave George A. Cunningham an interest in the shop- work of the planing mills. From 1866 until 1870, these three branches of business rapidly increased and yielded a handsome profit. In 1869 he formed a partnership with William J. Cochran for the purpose of manufacturing car- wheels. This business was carried on successfully until March, 1870, when their factory was destroyed by fire. It was immediately rebuilt, however, and the business con- tinued with Mr. Cochran and William Hyson, the latter gentleman having been made a member of the firm. Hav- ing lost the machinery for manufacturing carpenter’s work and agricultural implements, Mr. Robinson severed his connection with his partners in those branches of business, and built a new foundry, much larger than the old one. The car-wheel works were kept in operation successfully until 1873, when Mr. Hyson withdrew from the firm. Mr. Robinson had the financial management from the begin- ning, and had over sixty thousand dollars invested therein. In 1873 he and Mr. Cochran dissolved partnership and united with W. S. G. Baker and others in the forma- tion of the Baltimore Car-Wheel Company, of which Mr. Baker is president. Mr, Cochran and two other original stockholders soon afterward sold out their interest to Mr. Robinson, Messrs. W. S. G. and Charles Baker, and William G. Harrison, who continue to carry on the business at the present time. The company has made additions to the foundry, making it one of the largest for the manufacture of car-wheels in the country. Mr. Robin- son soon afterward built another sash and door factory and planing mill, at the corner of Essex and Burk Streets, where most of his building materials are now manufac- tured. His career as a builder extends over forty-six years, during which time he has probably constructed more 27 time. 205 buildings than any one man in Baltimore. He has built many city and country dwellings, churches, banks, and other structures. He built for Johns Hopkins all his ware- houses and other buildings, and did all his repairing from 1849 until his death. Mr. Hopkins, just before his death, requested Francis T. King, President of the Board of Trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, to employ Mr. Robinson to build the hospital. Mr. Robinson accordingly commenced the work by removing the old buildings and disposing of the materials composing them. The entire superintendency of the work was intrusted to him, and he would have continued in that capacity had not ill health compelled him to resign the position. He therefore recommended a younger man as his successor. Among the buildings erected in Baltimore by Mr. Robinson, in addi- tion to those already mentioned, are the Seventh Baptist Church, the Universalist Church, East Baltimore Street, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Depot at Camden Station, the old office of the Baltimore American, the Rialto Building, the Farmers’ and Planters’ Bank, the Franklin Bank, the Second National Bank, the German American Bank, and several other large buildings of a similar character. His work has always given satisfaction, and in all his transactions he has been guided by a high sense of honor. He never made a promise to pay, either written or verbal, that he did not meet at the time appointed, or give a satisfactory reason for his inability to do so. He has been Director of the Second National Bank of Baltimore since 1842, and is a Director of the Maryland Fire Insurance Com- pany. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having joined Washington Lodge in 1832. He is an active and prominent member of the East Baltimore Universalist Church, and throughout his life has been a liberal contributor to various charitable and benevolent enterprises. His first wife having died, he marrieds Sep- tember 6, 1842, Julia Ann, daughter of Captain Andrew Bates, of New York. He has one child and one grand- child living. ORTER, Gossr ONNO, was born in the city of Am- sterdam, Holland, February 8, 1818, where he spent his early youth, and received the best educa- a tion that the schools of his native city could furnish. 4 He developed a talent and proclivity for commercial life when quite young, entering into the tobacco business in Amsterdam when only eighteen years of age, the firm of which he was a member being established in January, 1836. In 1840 he visited America, where he remained from April to December of that year. He visited this country again in March, 1842, returning to his native land in October, 1843. In February, 1844, he returned to Amer- ica, and remained here until November, 1845. In 1846 he settled finally in Baltimore, and formed a copartnership, Ca 206 on the 1st of May of that year, with the late F. B. Grof, under the firm name of Grof & Gorter, for the transaction of a general commission and shipping business. That firm continued unti] 1855, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Gor- ter then carried on the business of purchasing and shipping tobacco on his own account, which he continued success- fully until his death, which occurred in Baltimore, Thurs- day night, February 20, 1879. December 4, 1849, he was appointed Belgian Consul at the port of Baltimore, and January 15, 1877, had conferred upon him the distinction of Chevalier de ? Ordre de Leopold by royal decree. August 12, 1847, Mr. Gorter married Miss Mary Ann Polk, a daughter of the late Colonel James Polk, a distinguished citizen of Baltimore, and formerly Naval Officer of this port. He had six children, four sons, Gosse Onno, Albert Lu- cius, James Polk, and Nathan Ryno Smith; and two daughters, Margarethe Elizabeth and Maria Alida. Mr. Gorter’s family is one of the best and most honorable of Friesland, where his forefathers, for over a century, ranked among the leading tobacco merchants and manufacturers. His father was engaged in the tobacco business in Amster- dam, under the firm name of O. G. Gorter & Company, from 1793 until 1826, the time of his death. Few men have pursued a longer or more successful business career than Mr. Gorter, and none maintained a higher character for business and personal integrity. He was faithful in the discharge of every obligation required of him. He led a quiet, unobtrusive life, carefully avoiding all political excitement or preferment, devoting himself to his commer- cial interests, his family, and the social amenities of a chosen circle of friends and acquaintances. BRURNELL, James B. R., M.D., was born January 13, 1829, near Snow Hill, Worcester County, Maryland. His father, William U. Purnell, was a) a farmer of Worcester County, and a member of the legal profession. He served two terms in the Maryland House of Delegates, and was twice elected to the State Senate, first, by electors, in 1836, and second, by the people, in 1838. Dr. Purnell’s mother was Ellen H. Purnell, daughter of Judge Robins, an able lawyer, and one of the largest landowners in Worcester County. After receiving an English and classical education in the schools of his native county, Dr. Purnell commenced the study of medicine in 1847, and attended two sessions (1848-9, and 1849-50), in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland, from which institution he gradu- ated in 1850. He also attended lectures in the Jefferson Medical College and University of Pennsylvania, in the winter of 1852-3, and again in the University of Maryland in the winter of 1853-4, and spent some time in the Liter- ary and Medical Departments of the New York University. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. In 1857 he went to Richmond, Virginia, and entered upon the practice of his profession, where he remained six months. In 1858 he went to London, and gave special attention to diseases of the eye at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, and also, for four months, attended St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, King’s College Hospital, and University College. In the autumn of 1858 he went to Edinburgh, Scotland, and at once entered the University of Edinburgh, paying special attention to natural philoso- phy, and devoting some time to other branches. By way of review, he received instruction from private teachers in Latin, Greek, and French. He also attended the chemical laboratory of the “School of Arts and Surgeons’ Hall,” where he devoted considerable time to analytical chemis- try. In 1859 he went to Paris, where he remained about seven months, and visited the various colleges constituting the University of Paris, matriculating in the medical de- partment. While there, he did much practical work in anatomy, operative surgery on the cadaver, and micros- copy, and attended daily the hospitals, anatomical museums, etc. While thus engaged, he had special ad- vantages, on account of his connection with the /épital ad’ Accouchements. In 1859 he returned to the United States, and early in 1860 resumed practice in Snow Hill, Maryland, at times giving much attention to diseases of the eye. He is the author of various papers, chiefly on medical subjects, and in 1878 published a book on chemi- cal analysis. He has been for many years a member’ of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Maryland, and was for several years a member of the board of examiners of that faculty. This society was incorporated in 1799. He has been a life member of the Maryland Bible Society since 1854. Although very popular in his county, he has never sought any political office, and never held a remun- erative public office, except the position of physician to the almshouse, which is not properly a political office. He is a member of the Episcopal Church of Snow Hill, of which he has served as vestryman and warden. He has been an advocate for free seats in churches, and has been gratified in seeing his views on this subject carried into. effect in his own church. Politically, he was a Whig until the dissolution of that party, since which time he has been identified with the Democratic party. In 1862 he married Miss Elizabeth K., daughter of Lambert P. Ayres, Esq., of Worcester County. Two children were the issue of this marriage, neither of whom are ‘living. Dr. Purnell has been a very successful physician. Owing to ill health, he is not at present actively engaged in his profession. He is an influential, public-spirited citizen, highly esteemed by all who know him, wielding 4 powerful influence in his county, being considered a safe adviser in everything relat- ing to the well-being of society, and his extensive learn- ing and familiarity with life, both at home and abroad, qualifies him to fill any position that he may be called upon to take. Ey 1826, on the island of Datha, situated on the sea- “ij3 coast of South Carolina. Bonham Sams, the first 4p of the family, who came to this country from Eng- land, was the grantee of a tract of land from the then reigning king. He settled on John’s Island, near Charles- ton. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch pur- chased the island of Datha. One of his ancestors married Bridget Barnwell, of Beaufort, South Carolina. His father, Dr. B. Barnwell Sams, commenced business life as a physi- cian, but, after the death of his mother, retired from prac- tice, and devoted his attention to the planting interest. eing wealthy, he employed a tutor for his children while few in number, and spent the most of the year in the coun- try. But, after his family increased, he removed to Beau- fort, that his sons might enjoy greater educational advan- tages. This gentleman was a communicant of the Episcopal Church, and made ample provision for the religious in- struction of his servants. He built a chapel for their use, employed a missionary, and, in his absence, conducted religious service himself. On the death of their father, when Mr. Sams and his brother, Major Horace H. Sams, became owners of the homestead, they continued the ar- rangement their father had made. Their mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Hann Fripp, of St. Helena Island, S.C. Mr. J. J. Sams entered the Beaufort College, in which he pursued his studies for several years, taking on one occasion the second prize in a large class. He then entered the South Carolina College, the presidency of which, before his graduation, passed into the hands of the Hon. William Preston, who had been a prominent polliti- cian and able lawyer, and distinguished orator. the custom of that college to have for the graduating class a May exhibition and December commencement. ‘Those who were to receive the honors and appointments at the commencement were selected to deliver addresses at the May exhibition. Among those addresses was an oration in Greek, to be delivered by the best Greek scholar; this was assigned to Mr. Sams. At the commencement the honors and appointments were conferred according to the rank or grade of those who were entitled to receive them. Mr. Sams received a high appointment. After graduating he commenced the study of the law; but be- coming religiously impressed, he connected himself with the Episcopal Church in Beaufort, and soon after turned his attention to the ministry. He pursued his theological wee REv. J. Jutrus, D.D., was born January 14, It was studies at the Seminary in Virginia, near Alexandria; was ordained deacon by the Right Rev. William Meade, D.D., and presbyter by the Right Rev. John Johns, D.D. He commenced his ministry in a parish of wealthy and influ- ential South Carolina planters, where his labors were greatly blessed. The Sunday morning services were for the planters and their families, and in the afternoon and at night he held services on the plantations for the ser- vants, as also on two nights of each week. Mr. Sams con- ’ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 207 tinued this practice during the late war, frequently riding for miles through pine forests at night, leaving his family to the care of his own household servants, with whom they were always safe. These plantation services were gra- tuitously rendered and self-imposed. Mr. Sams married Mary Eliza Whittle, daughter of Conway Whittle, Esq., of Norfolk, Virginia. Her mother was Chloe Tyler, daughter of Chancellor Tyler, of the Eastern District of Virginia. Though never courting notoriety as a pastor or preacher, he has always been held in high esteem by those who have been under his care. In the course of his ministry he has had eighteen invitations to different parishes, and has been more than once recalled after having resigned. Wherever he has ministered, the press, both secular and religious, has taken most gracious cognizance of his self-denying and successful labors, and never parted with him without expressions of deep regret. His preaching is strictly ex- temporaneous, earnest, impressive, and unhesitating. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the College of William and Mary, of Virginia, in the year 1878. He has had four children. Conway Whittle Sams, born January 22, 1862, S.C.; Julius Stanyarne Sams, born July 14, 1864, S. C., and died November 16,1876; Mary Lewis Sams, born December 12, 1866, S. C., and Chlae Tyler Sams, born March 3, 1870, S. C, SYURCELL, JOHN JAMES, was born in Dublin, Ire- 3 oe, land, November 13, 1817. His father, Matthew DR 5 Purcell, was a member of a family long promi- i nent in the County Wicklow, their principal seat being Staplestown; his mother, Julia, belonged to the ancient family of McDermott, of the adjoining County Kildare. After attending a private school for several years, in Dublin, Mr. Purcell determined, while still very young, to adopt’a seafaring life as a profession, and when an opportunity was offered by his cousin, an officer on the ship, “ William Brown,” to sail with him for America, in the early antumn of 1828, he gladly availed himself of it, and, sailing from Liverpool, arrived at Baltimore in No- vember of the same year. From this port he made a number of cruises in the ship “ Jefferson,” Robert Leslie, Captain. Later, he shipped on the brig “ Pulaski,’’ Cap- tain Chase, for the West Indies. As they approached the ‘islands on this voyage a terrible storm was encountered, which resulted in the unfortunate craft being wrecked on the island of St. Bartholomew, after having been driven about for several days at the mercy of the wind and waves. Among the saved was young Purcell, who, work- ing his way back to Baltimore, was finally induced by an uncle, residing there, to adopt a trade. Accordingly, in the year 1832, when but a little over fifteen years old, he -was apprenticed to John Swartz, a house carpenter, in “ Old 208 Town,” with whom he remained a year, and completed his - apprenticeship with Mr. Entler, an up-town builder. During these years his old predilection for the sea never ceased to be felt, and when he began work as a journey- man, it was a matter of prudence rather than choice. On the attainment of his majority he went to Richmond, Vir- ginia, continuing work at his trade, and, after remaining there one year, returned to Baltimore, where he determined to establish himself in business. This he did, meeting with merited success. He has designed and erected many fine private residences and some well-known business houses in Baltimore ; among the latter may be mentioned that of Hamilton Easter & Co., in 1866, with its addition, in 1876, one of the most complete business structures in Baltimore. In 1868 he was elected to the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore from the Thirteenth Ward, and was considered a most energetic and useful’member of that body. At the close of his official term, he was appointed by the Mayor, General Superintendent of the new City Hall, then already commenced. This responsible position he held until the completion of the building, in October, 1875, a period of seven years. He superintended all the work, and the furnishing of materials of every description ; examined all bills and claims against the building, audit- ing and correcting them; and made a written report each month to the building committee. He was the only one connected with the building who personally knew whether the city received quantity and quality, either of material or work. This position Mr. Purcell filled with honor to him- self and credit to the city. It is stated that he thus saved the city more than half a million dollars, and it may be presumed that he made many enemies among contractors. The work has a national reputation for the beauty of its design, the excellence of its workmanship, and the low cost of its construction. In August, 1877, he revisited his native country, meeting a sister in Dublin whom he had not seen for nearly fifty years. He travelled throughout Ireland, visited England and Wales, and returned to Bal- timore in October, much improved in health. In October, 1840, he married Sarah Ann Kemp, who died in Decem- ber, 1845, leaving one child, George K., an architect and builder of Baltimore, who married Mary E. White, and has seven children—Sallie, Joseph, John, George, May, Willie, and Grace. In March, 1848, Mr. Purcell married Rebecca A. Easter, who is still living. ‘The fruits of the second marriage are: Eliza, wife of William H. Patterson; John J., Jr., a builder, and his father’s foreman, who married Eleathea Ehrman; Robert, who married Annie R. Snyder; Julia, Hamilton, Matthew, Lee, and Harry. Mr. Purcell has been a member of the Presbyterian Church for thirty- eight years. He is held in high esteem by the community as perfectly reliable in his business transactions, a good citizen, and one whose advice and counsel is often sought by individuals and corporations on matters pertaining to the improvement and beautifying of the Monumental City. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ILL, NicHoLtas Rurus, was born in Baltimore G County, Maryland, March 12, 1838, where he at- tended various educational institutions, including i the “ Milton Academy,” until the twentieth year of - his age. After passing creditably through that insti- tution he entered, as a law student, the office of the late David Stewart. Mr. Stewart died four months thereafter, and young Gill then became a student in Harvard Law School, where he remained for two sessions. Returning to Baltimore, he entered the law office of John Stewart, the son of his former preceptor, with whom he remained for a brief period, and in September, 1859, was admitted, on motion of Mr. Stewart, as an attorney at the Baltimore bar. He immediately settled down in the practice of his profession, in which he has been successfully engaged to the present time (1879), occupying the same office, 32 St. Paul Street (Bannon Building). ‘The Democratic party of Baltimore, of which Mr. Gill has always been a devoted and able member, has frequently indicated its partiality for and confidence in him, by repeatedly electing himasa - member of the City Council from the Fifth Ward. He was elected to the First Branch of the same in 1868, and returned the ensuing year. In 1871 he was elected as a member of the Second Branch of the City Council, to represent the Fifth and Sixth wards. His experience in municipal legislation caused him to be elected President of that body, which position he filled most acceptably for two years; atthe expiration of that period Mr. Gill retired as he then thought finally from political life. But in 1876 he was again elected to the First Branch of the City Coun- cil, of which body he was the presiding officer. By virtue of his Presidencies of the two branches of the City Council he frequently acted as Mayor ex-officio of Baltimore, under the administrations of Robert T. Banks, Joshua Vansant, and Ferdinand C. Latrobe. Mr. Gill has never been what might be denominated a politician, and has never sought political preferment, but has simply responded to the calls of those who recognized his qualifications as a city legisla- tor. Mr. Gill’s father was the late George W. Gill, who was an extensive farmer and native of Baltimore County. His grandfather, Captain Stephen Gill, was a brave and gallant officer in the war of 1812. The pioneer of the family in Baltimore County was John Gill, who came from England during the latter part of the seventeenth century and settled in that county. He was a prominent member and officer of the Episcopal Church. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Miss Rebecca Ensor, daughter of John Ensor, farmer, of Baltimore County. Mr. Gill married in 1861 Miss E. Agnes Gill, daughter of the late Dr. Edward Gill, of that county, between whom and himself there was a remote relationship. He has seven children, six sons and one daughter. As an able, faithful, and conscientious counsel, he stands in high repute at the Baltimore bar, and his personal popularity is shown by his repeated selection by the people to represent them in the city government. e BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. HERTZER, Asram TreEGO, M.D., was born in >) Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, May 16, 1844. > In his ninth year his parents removed with him to : Baltimore and placed him at the Grinton Academy, Baltimore County, which he attended for six years. In 1859 he went to Bel Air Academy, Harford County, Maryland, where he continued his studies for three years. In 1862 he went to Philadelphia, where he entered as apothecary at the Naval Asylum, which was at that time under the charge of Dr. David Harlan, Surgeon, United States Navy. Whilst at the Asylum he studied medicine in the office of Doctor Lenox Hodges, Professor of Ob- stetrics in the University of Pennsylvania. He remained at the Asylum acquiring practical pharmaceutical and gen- eral medical experience, and also continued his studies with Professor Hodges, until the spring of that year, when, March 6, he was appointed Surgeon Apothecary in the United States Navy, and ordered to duty on board the U.S. Steamer, Mary Sanford, of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, remaining with her during her cruises among the Bahamas, the West Indies, and in the Gulf generally, and returning with her to Philadelphia in the ensuing fall, where he resumed the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Joseph Leidy, Professor of Anatomy in the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. Mr. Shertzer remained in Phila- delphia until the winter of 1866, when he entered the Naval Academy at Annapolis, as apothecary of the first class, occupying that position until November, 1867, when he commenced a regular course of medical studies by ma- triculating at the University of Maryland, and entering as a private student the office of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith. Under the tuition of that eminent surgeon and physician, and by reason of his own talent and application, student Shertzer became particularly efficient in anatomy and surgery, and in the private and university examinations always acquitted himself with great credit. In the spring of 1869 he graduated with honor at that institution. Soon after his graduation Dr. Shertzer was elected as Assistant Surgeon of the Eighth Maryland Regiment, and was also appointed as surgeon in charge of the hospital for disabled soldiers in Baltimore, and entered regularly upon the prac- tice of his profession at the corner of Exeter and Granby streets, in that city, where he continued in its successful prosecution until the breaking out of the Franco-Prussian war, in the spring of 1870. Bismarck having called upon the German Patriotic Aid Society of America for surgeons, the Branch Society of Baltimore appointed a board of ex- aminers, consisting of Drs. Abram B. Arnold, G. Edward Pape, and L. F. Morawetz, to examine such candidates as might appear before them, through notification in the public press. Dr. Shertzer passed a most creditable and successful examination, not only in surgery (the grand es- sential), but in general medicine and in German, a perfect knowledge of the latter language also being indispensable. He was immediately sent to Germany, via New York and 209 Glasgow, -making his way to Coblentz ‘on the Rhine, where he had been ordered to report for duty. He remained in the Garrison Hospital at Coblentz, per- forming, in the most skilful manner, all the most impor- tant capital operations of an army surgeon, until October 10, 1870, when he was sent to take charge of Ritebahn Hospital, Saarbrucken, on the frontiers of France and Prussia. Whilst there he was sent to Meaux, Metz, and other places in France, to apply the anterior splint of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith, his old preceptor in the Maryland University, he being the only surgeon in the Prussian service who was thoroughly conversant with the applying of that valuable surgical apparatus. For his efficient services, Dr. Shertzer received a gold medal from the hospital commission of Prussia, and also the iron cross, and a silver medal from the Prussian Secretary of War. He resigned his position in the Prussian service, May 14, 1871, and after making an extensive tour through Switzer- land, Germany, France, and England, visiting ex route the leading hospitals of those countries, he returned to America in the fall of 1871, and re-established himself in the prac- tice of his profession at his old location in Baltimore, in which he has since continued uninterruptedly, and in suc- cessful practice, distinguishing himself by the performance of many difficult surgical operations, with scarcely a single fatal result. Very soon after his return to Baltimore, he was appointed Recruiting Surgeon for the United States Marine Corps, and also Recruiting Surgeon for the army, then operating against the Modoc Indians. Dr. Shertzer’s ancestors on the paternal side were, for three generations back, natives of this country, all of them farmers. As the name would imply, they were of German descent, coming from the Rhenish Provinces. The mother of Dr. Shertzer is a daughter of the late William Trego, of Chester County, Pennsylvania, whose father, grandfather, and great-grand- father, bearing the same name, trace their pedigree back to an illustrious progenitor, known as “ Peter the Great,” of the House of Bourbons, and who was banished from France in 1685, and, coming to America the same year, settled in Chester County, Pennsylvania. From him all the Tregos in the United States descended. In 1875 Dr. Shertzer married Sarah C. Bradbury, daughter of the late Dr. John Tyrrel. Bradbury, of North Carolina, who died as United States Consul at St. Paul de Loane, Africa, in 1868. rtm i ata CHARLES Henry, M.D., was born in J it Philadelphia, May 27, 1847. In the fifth year of x his age, his parents removed with him to Balti- ; more, where he attended the public schools about four years, when he returned to Philadelphia, and entered aprivate school of a very select character, which was under the auspices of the Society of Friends. He attended 210 this school until April 19, 1861, memorable as the day when the Massachusetts troops were resisted in their passage through Baltimore, on their way to the national capital. On that day referred to young Thomas summarily left school, without permission of parents or teachers, and attached himself, as drummer-boy, to the Nineteenth Penn- sylvania Regiment of Infantry, then mustering in Philadel- phia for three months’ service. Though the regiment was stationed on Federal Hill, Baltimore, in which city his parents were residing, he refrained from seeing them, being naturally apprehensive of paternal punishment on account of his running away from school.’ After serving in that regiment until its disbandment, in August of 1861, Charles re-enlisted in the general service, and was ordered on detached duty in Washington. Whilst bearing dis- patches from General Casey, Inspector General at Wash- ington, to a squad on provost duty at Taneytown, Mary- land, he was wounded in the lower portion of the leg by one of Mosby’s guerillas. The injury inflicted was of such a serious character as to necessitate his confinement to the hospital until July of 1863, when he was discharged from the same. On his discharge from the hospital he enlisted as a private in the Third Maryland Cavalry, Colo- nel Tevis, which was ordered to New Orleans, in Decem- ber, 1863, and which accompanied General Banks’s forces up the Red River, the objective point being Shreveport. The Federal troops were repulsed in several severe engage- ments, and the company to which young Thomas was attached, which originally numbered ninety-eight men, returned to Morganzie’s Bend with but five, of whom three were wounded, Thomas being one of the number. Whilst on a scouting expedition he was taken prisoner at Simsport and carried to Evergreen, some forty miles dis- tant from the former place. Whilst being temporarily confined in a corn-crib, with a view to his conveyance to Tyler, Texas (where the chief prison pen was), Thomas managed, with thirteen others, to effect his escape, and, after a series of wonderful adventures and almost incredible exposure and privations, he succeeded in getting back to Morganzie’s Bend. The Third Cav- alry Regiment was ordered to New Orleans, where, owing to the disabled condition of the horses, it was dismounted for ninety days and ordered to infantry duty, participating in the capture of Forts Gaines, Morgan, and Powell, at and near the mouth of Mobile Bay, Ala- bama, August, 1864. Thomas was one of a force of three thousand men who were ordered in the rear of Mobile as a feint, and December 30, was again wounded. In Jan- uary of 1865 his regiment was remounted ‘and partici- pated inthe capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile, these capitulating April 13, 1865. He re- ceived his final discharge from the service in October, 1865, and in the same month visited his parents in Baltimore, with whom he had had no communication since his entry into military service. On his return home he was ap- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. pointed Second Lieutenant in the Regular Army, and or- dered to Texas with the Twenty-fourth United States Regi- ment. He remained in the national service until July of 1867, when he commenced the study of medicine in the Marine Hospital at Matamoras, Mexico. Whilst on a temporary visit to Galveston he was seized with yellow fever, and was down with it about forty days, in conse- quence of which he did not return to Matamoras, but went to Vicksburg and entered the Marine Hospital there as a student, continuing as such until July, 1870. He then went to Philadelphia, and after attending three full courses of lectures in the Homceopathic College of that city, having been the private pupil of Professor Koch, Professor of Physiology, graduated at that institution in the spring of 1873 with most distinguished honor, standing among the highest in the numerical grades which were established as the tests of superior excellence in examination. After graduating, he established himself in the practice of his profession in the eastern section of Baltimore, which he has continued to prosecute most successfully up to the present time. Dr. Thomas’s father is Jacob H. Thomas, of Baltimore, and his grandfather the late Lambert Thomas, long and prominently connected with the cabinet business of that city. The latter was an old and well-known member of the Methodist Church, and intimately identified with its many Christian works and charities. He died in 1833. The doctor’s mother was Miss Leah Sander, of a highly respectable Quaker family of Philadelphia. He married, in 1875, Miss Louisa J. Hughes, daughter of the late Hugh Hughes, of Baltimore, the issue of the marriage being one child. Dr. Thomas is the Surgeon of Wilson Post, Grand Army of the Republic, a position which he has occupied for four consecutive years. He is a member of the Board of Directors and one of the corporators of the Baltimore Homeeopathic Free Dispensary, which he assisted in estab- lishing in 1874. He is a member of the Baltimore Homeeo- pathic Medical, and Maryland State Homceopathic Medi- cal Societies, in whose scientific deliberations and discus- sions he takes an active and prominent part. He is de- voted to his professsion, is a close student, and a gentle- man of thorough self-reliance. self-made*man. He may be regarded as a His professional skill and pleasant man- ners make him as great a favorite with the members of the medical profession of the allopathic school as with those who practice the doctrines of Hahnemann, OWeS CHBACH, Rev. E. R., D.D., was born in Chilis- ¢ le quaque Township, Northumberland County, Penn- we 4 sylvania, November 9, 1835. He is the son of David and Elizabeth B. Eschbach. In his early childhood his parents removed to Turbot Township of the same county, and located on what is known as one BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of the “ Paradise Farms.’’ Here he grew up to early manhood, in the midst of beautiful and healthful surround- ings, under the nurture of a Christian home, taking a part in the duties of an agricultural life. When but nine years old his mother died, and he was the eldest of four surviv- ing children. Very early in life he developed a fondness for books and a thirst for the knowledge to be secured through them. His desire was to enter the Christian min- istry, and his convictions of duty in this direction became stronger as he grew older. His father readily consented to his purpose, and at the age of eighteen years he com- menced his preparatory studies. He graduated at Frank- lin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in the class of 1859, and then continued his studies at the Theo- logical Seminary of the Reformed Church, at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and completed them in the summer of 1861. He was examined and licensed to preach the Gospel by the Synod of his church, while in annual session at Eas- ton, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1861. Before leaving the Theological Seminary, he was unanimously recom- mended by its faculty, to the Rev. Elias Heiner, D.D., pastor of the First Reformed Church of Baltimore, Mary- land, whose declining health made it necessary that he should have an assistant—a position of peculiar difficulty and delicacy—as a suitable person for the place. He was induced to visit Baltimore, and was tendered the position, but from convictions of personal disqualification and the excited condition of Baltimore, just at the outbreak of the late civil war, he declined it and accepted a call to the Somerset charge of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, and entered upon its duties in October, 1861. He was ordained to the Christian ministry by a committee of Westmoreland Classis of the Reformed Church, in Somerset, Pennsylva- nia, October 30, 1861. He remained there but one year, when, at the urgent request of Rev. Dr. Heiner and his Consistory of Baltimore, and the advice of his former teachers, he accepted the position of Assistant Pastor of the First Reformed Church of Baltimore, Maryland, now a second time tendered him, and entered upon its duties November 1, 1862. The rapidly declining health of Dr. Heiner at once left all the active work of the congregation to him. On October 20, of the following year, 1863, Dr. Heiner died, and Rev. Eschbach was chosen his successor, January 1,1864. He was married to Mary Susan Doll, of Martinsburg, Virginia, on November 9, of this year. He continued the pastor of this congregation during a trying and critical period of our national as well as ecclesiastical history, and sustained himself well, holding the confidence, respect, and affection of his people. In the spring of 1874 he was induced to resign this charge and accept the Pas- torate of the Evangelical Reformed Church of Frederick, Maryland, one of the largest and most influential congre- gations in the State. This pastorate became vacant by the death of Rev. D. Zacharias, D.D., who had filled the position for a period of thirty-eight years. As soon 2II as the question of a successor was considered, differ- ences of opinion on church cultus and worship manifested themselves, and these soon developed into partisanship, until the congregation was sadly torn by dissensions and in imminent danger of complete and permanent disruption. After several fruitless efforts to choose a pastor, the name of Rev. E. R, Eschbach was presented to the congregation as a candidate, without his consent, and he was elected. Then a very strong pressure was brought to bear upon him by the church at large, to accept the position, for the distracted condition of the congregation was widely known, and its bad effects felt, and he was looked upon as the only person who under all the circumstances could heal the breach. He yielded to this pressure, and leaving a devoted people and a pleasant field of usefulness in Baltimore, re- moved to Frederick, June 12, 1874. By a kind, but firm, decided and judicious management, the affairs of the con- gregation were in a short time reduced to quiet order and peacefulness, and it now entered upon a degree of pros- perity it had not known before. He continues to minister with acceptance to one of the largest, most influential and successful congregations in the State. The estimation in which he is held by his church may be inferred from the positions of confidence, trust, and responsibility he at this time holds, and to which he has been called by its choice. He has for the past ten years been continuously chosen a member of the Board of Home Missions by his Synod, and has during the most of this time filled the office of Secretary to the Board. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Potomac Synod; a member of the Board of Visitors of the Theological Seminary at Lancaster, Pa.; and an officer of the Society for the Relief of Disabled Ministers and the Widows of Deceased Ministers of the Reformed Church; he is one of the delegates chosen by the Maryland Classis to represent it on the floor of the General Synod, the highest judicatory of the Church, and has been honored by a similar choice successively to all its sessions during the past twelve years. On June 18, 1878, Heidelberg College, at Tiffin, Ohio, conferred upon Mr. Eschbach the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. WJ ERNAN, EUvuGENE, was born in Baltimore, Mary- we land, February 29, 1834. His parents were James and Annie Stacia (Dwen) Kernan. His father, I a man highly respected, was a member of the firm of Kernan & Stillinger, commission merchants on Spear’s wharf. He died in April, 1871. His wife died in 1857. Mr. Kernan was educated at St. Mary’s College, in his native city. At the age of sixteen he determined to be a sailor, and engaged on a vessel sailing out of the port of Baltimore. His superior intelligence and capac- ity advanced him rapidly, until he became the chief officer 212 of the vessel. For thirteen years he followed the sea, visiting nearly all parts of the world, and experiencing all the hardships and perils incident to so long a period on the water, not failing of shipwreck, and exhibiting in every emergency coolness, bravery, skill, and judgment. During all those years he was in the service of the old-established shipping firms of Baltimore. For some years he was en- gaged with the Navasa Guano Company of that city, and was Governor of Navasa Island, in the Caribbean Sea, having seventy-five men under his charge. In 1861 he left the sea, and opened a restaurant in Baltimore; continuing prosperously in that business till he was elected a member of the City Council in 1877. His services in that body were so highly appreciated by his constituents of the Fourth Ward that he was returned in 1878 to the Council without opposition. In politics Mr. Kernan is allied to the Demo- cratic party, and in religion is a Roman Catholic. He married in 1864 Miss Mary Murphy, of New York. They have one child, a daughter, Mary. TONEBURNER, J. C., was born December 9, 1821, DD near Lovettsville, Loudon County, Virginia. His ancestors were Virginians for several generations. ue His father, Adam Stoneburner, married the daughter of John Mann, of the same county, an industrious and energetic farmer, who died at the age of eighty-four. Adam Stoneburner died at thirty years of age, leaving his wife and three children, of whom J. C. was the youngest. Having received a business education, the subject of this sketch was placed in a store in Lovettsville, at the age of fourteen. He soon acquired such a knowledge of the busi- ness as to be able to take the charge of it. He remained in that employment until his mother and sister moved to Ohio (he accompanying them), to settle on land that had been inherited by his father. Soon after their arrival, he received a request from his former employer to return to Virginia. Not liking the Western country, he complied, and engaged in his old employment, at which he continued for years. By industry and economy he saved a sufficient amount to purchase property in Lovettsville, when he started in the mercantile business in 1848, and conducted it successfully for several years. In 1852 he was appointed Postmaster at Lovettsville, which he held until 1861, giv- ing general satisfaction. At the solicitation of a friend in Baltimore in 1863, he closed his business in Lovettsville, at considerable loss to himself, on account of the war, and in 1863 he removed to Baltimore and entered the wholesale grocery business with H. K. Hoffman, under the style of H. K. Hoffman & Company. After a successful period of fifteen months, Mr. Hoffman’s health failing, he sold his interest to George H. Miller, changing the name of the firm to Stoneburner, Mart & Miller. In a few years Mr. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Mart retired on account of failing health, when his son Cal- vin purchased his interest. Messrs. Stoneburner and Mil- ler in a short time purchased his interest and continued the business under the firm of Stoneburner & Company. Mr. Miller becoming tired of business, sold his interest to B. H. Richards, in 1868, when the name was changed to Stoneburner & Richards, and which continues to the pres- ent time. By integrity in their transactions and strict at- tention to business they have been successful. In 1851 Mr. Stoneburner married Miss C. E. Conard, the daughter of Mr. John Conard, of Loudon County, of English descent. This young lady was a great favorite among her friends, and of « highly esteemed family. Her mother’s uncle served seven years during the war of the Revolution, and was a companion of General Washington. On one occasion he headed a party and brought out General Washington when surrounded by the enemy and in danger of being captured. They have one son, Austin C., now preparing for college. For about forty years Mr. Stone- burner has been a member of the Lutheran Church. Dur- ing his residence in Lovettsville, he educated a nephew for the ministry, giving him a thorough college education, who now occupies a high position in the profession. Wi) ZAMILTON, W. CAMPBELL, was born in Baltimore, | VW C December, 1849. He is the son of the late cre William C. Hamilton, a talented lawyer, who ao gave his life to the Southern cause during the civil Mr. Hamilton’s grandfather, the late William Hamilton, a native of Scotland, enjoyed an extended reputation in the early days of Baltimore as a scholar and instructor of youth. On the maternal side, Mr. Hamilton is a nephew of the late Charles F. Mayer, an eminent lawyer, and of Brantz Mayer, the well-known author. Mr. Hamilton has had superior educational advantages, and although a young man, has attained considerable promi- nence in his native city as a lawyer and politician. He was educated at the University of Virginia, from which institu- tion he graduated with honor, having been selected as the orator of his class. Having rendered the Democracy good service as a speaker in several political campaigns, he was chosen by that party as a candidate for representative in the Maryland House of Delegates and elected by a hand- some majority in the year 1877. He and the Hon. Robert M. McLane, a member of the State Senate, originated and carried through the Legislature the bill to regulate the arbitration of disputes between employers and working- men, based on the English statute, passed in the reign of George the Fourth, which has amicably settled thousands of strikes in England; and similar in its provisions to the consetl des prud’ hommes, a tribunal in France, which takes cognizance of disputes between employers and laborers, war, A S BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the decisions of which are so satisfactory to both parties that strikes in France are now unknown. Mr. Hamilton was also instrumental in securing the passage of the bill to create an arbitration court for the settlement of disputes between merchants and members of the Baltimore Board of Trade, similar to the creation of arbitration courts in New York and Philadelphia; also, the enabling act for the city of Baltimore to subscribe to the Maryland and Dela- ware Canal, a work of national importance; and for the re-codification of the laws of Maryland; as well as other measures of general and local importance. WW. ONES, R. EMMETT, was born in Baltimore, Novem- % ber 9, 1842. When he was an infant, his parents “2 removed with him to Florida, and he there re- a mained until he attained the age of seventeen years, attending the best schools of Quincy, and becoming thoroughly prepared for a collegiate course. He then en- tered Wofford College, South Carolina, and graduated therefrom with honor. Returning to Quincy (Florida), he commenced the study of Jaw in the office of Honorable Charles H. Dupont, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State. For three years he profited by the advice and instructions of that eminent jurist, closely applying himself to the study of the various branches of the legal profession. He was then admitted to practice in the vari- ous courts of the State, and was actively and successfully engaged therein when the American civil war began. He then (in 1861) entered the Confederate army, as a Lieuten- ant, under General Beauregard, serving therein until a few months before the termination of hostilities, when he was taken prisoner, and remained in captivity until the dec- laration of peace. In 1866 Mr. Jones was admitted to the Maryland bar, and at once, by reason of his natural abili- ties, the advantages which he had enjoyed as a law student under Chief Justice Dupont, and his practical ex- perience in his profession in Florida, entered upon an ex- tensive and lucrative practice, which he has maintained to the present time. Probably no young member of the Maryland bar has acted as counsel in a greater number of important cases, both civil and criminal, than Mr. Jones. He has been engaged, either as assistant counsel for the State, or as counsel for the accused, in many of the most celebrated murder trials that have been brought under the jurisdiction of these courts during the last ten years. Among the most notable of these, we would mention that of the State v. Stephen T. Denny (in 1868), for the murder of Charles Childs. Mr. Jones was employed to assist the State in the trial of Thomas Creamer, for mur- dering Peter Wehr (in 1867); and he was also employed to assist the State in the trial of James Galloway, for the murder of Michael McCann. In 1873 he was counsel for 28 213 Charles R. Henderson, for the murder of Dr. Merryman Cole; and in 1878 was counsel for John Gephart, for the murder of Frank Baker. He has been engaged in over three hundred important criminal cases, and has been almost invariably successful. His civil cases also have been very numerous, exceeding the number of one thousand Mr. Jones is physically delicate and small in stature. In manners, he is social and agreeable, few men being more capable than he of making and retaining friends through personal in- tercourse. His father was George Harrison Jones, an ex- tensive and highly esteemed planter in Florida. He was of English descent. On the maternal side, the subject of this sketch is of German extraction, his mother being Louisa C. Hoffman, daughter of the late Daniel Hoffman, an extensive provision merchant of Baltimore, and sister of the late Charles Hoffman, of that city, who was also prominently engaged in the same business. 1732, in Kent County, Maryland. On January 2, ‘d 1776, he was elected Colonel of the Maryland Bat- a talion. It is recorded that “ Smallwood’s battalion of q Marylanders were distinguished in the field by the most intrepid courage, the most regular use of the musket,. and the judicious use of the body. When our party was overpowered and broken by superior numbers surrounding them on all sides, three companies of the Maryland bat- talion broke the enemy’s lines and fought their way through.” In October, 1776, he was appointed, by Con- gress, Brigadier-General, in recognition of the bravery of his men at Long Island on August 27,1776. At the battle of White Plains, September 16, 1776, his troops were again called upon to save the fortunes of the day, and he was wounded. In the battle at Fort Washington, Novem- ber 16, 1776, the Marylanders bore the brunt and lost many valuable men. At Germantown, October 4, 1777, Smallwood and his men retrieved the day and captured the camp of the enemy. In the winter of 1777-78, he was stationed at Wilmington, and captured a British brig in the Delaware laden with stores and provisions. He greatly distinguished himself in the battle near Camden, and received the thanks of Congress for his conduct. Soon afterward, in September, 1780, Congress appointed him Major-General, and he returned to Maryland. He re- mained in the army until November 15, 1783. He was elected to Congress in 1785, and in November of the same year was chosen Governor of Maryland, to succeed William Paca, and held that position until his successor, John Eager Howard, was inaugurated in 1788. He died Feb- ruary 14, 1792, at the ‘“‘ Wood Yard,” in Prince George’s County, Maryland. O¥eMALLWOOD, GoveRNoR WILLIAM, was born in S ‘ 214 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. HEPPARD, Mosrs, Founder of the Asylum for | voted to the erection and endowment of an Asylum for the wy) Curable Insane, in Baltimore County, Maryland, | benefit of the Curable Insane. His first impulse in this ee as supposed to have been born about the year 1773, | direction was received from the late Dr. R. S. Stewart, but the exact date, as well as the place of his nativity, | and Miss Dorothy L. Dix. In 1853 a charter was obtained are uncertain. He was a member of the Society of | for the Asylum, the amount of the endowment not being -— Friends. It is known that his parents were well-to-do | named, and the trustees subsequently appointed were J. Quakers, residing in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, | Saurin Norris, president; David M. Perine, Richard H. when the Revolutionary war began; that they were Roy- | Townsend, Dr. William Riley, Gerard H. Reese, Gerard alists, and hence were forced to leave the country, moving | T, Hopkins, and William H. Graham. The trustees are to Nova Scotia. In their absence their property was con- | the same at the present day, with the exception of David fiscated, and in a short time they moved back into the | M. Perine, who has been succeeded by his son, E. Glen United States, taking up their residence in Maryland. | Perine. Mr. Sheppard died February 1, 1857, and the They died when Moses was quite young. Their condition | estate, valued at nearly six hundred thousand dollars, in Maryland must have been one of great destitution, for | under his will duly passed into the hands of the trustees. Moses Sheppard’s earliest recollection of himself was, he | The Asylum is not yet (1879) finished, for by the provi- said, “being on an earth floor in a log cabin in Baltimore | sions of the will only the income of the estate can be used County.” He obtained « place in a store at the Jericho | in prosecuting the work. This amounts to about thirty Mills, about seventeen miles from Baltimore. In 1793 he | thousand dollars per annum, and within this sum all expen- went to Baltimore, and entered the grocery store kept by | ditures are restricted. Hence it is that year after year the John Mitchell, on Cheapside, and as years passed, he was | work has gone on, and is still incomplete. It is probable promoted, until at last he succeeded to the business, and | that the Asylum will not be fully ready for occupancy be- became sole proprietor of a flourishing establishment. He | fore the year 1885. Baltimore has produced no man of subsequently retired from that line of trade, and after en- | finer intellect. He had unusual foresight and insight. He gaging for a time in the manufacture of cotton seine twine, | read men easily and quickly. He wrote with great gave up active business, and devoted the remaining years | elegance, simplicity and vigor, and had a very select and of his life to study and the employment of his fortune in | copious vocabulary. Some of his letters and essays in judicious and remunerative investments. He never mar- | manuscript are admirable specimens of-English style. He ried, and his only relatives who lived with him, were a | was well-read and well-informed. He was a wonderfully brother and his wife, both of whom died before him, leav- | thoughtful man, always thinking on some of the great ing him quite alone in his home life. He amassed a for- | questions in religion, science or politics that agitate society; - tune of nearly six hundred thousand dollars, but all | and when questioned by one who knew how to draw him through life he seems to have been most charitable; and | out, he was a brilliant, profound, and instructive talker. he himself said that, “he had given away or lost more | He held very decided opinions on certain questions, but than he ever expected to become possessed of.” Mr. | was cautious and reserved in the expression of them. He Sheppard was a man of rare sagacity and prudence. Had | was a good listener because a good student. He would he selected the law for his profession, or had he devoted | guide the conversation of his distinguished visitors for his life to politics, he would have been one of the most in- | hours, without expressing an opinion of his own, and he fluential men of his time, such was his intellectual force, | could repeat the opinions of others with remarkable energy of character, and will-power. He shrank from | accuracy. Take him all in all, Moses Sheppard, considered notoriety, and was particularly averse to having his deeds | intellectually or morally, was a striking character. of benevolence made public. He took a lively interest in the Colonization Society, of which Henry Clay was so long president; and educated several colored men, who went to | Liberia and became prominent officials of the little Re- ern) public. One of these was Dr. McGill, who named a ves- a BWRETZELL, Joun G., was born in Wurtemburg, sel, which he had built in Baltimore, after his benefactor. i) . Germany, April 1, 1821. His father, George Mr. Sheppard was not very enthusiastic in the movement | "Ty" Hetzell, was a farmer and landowner in that to transport the free blacks to Liberia, but he was willing 325. country, and died when John was eight years of to give the experiment a fair trial. He was an earnest and T age. In 1831, when about ten years old, he came wise friend of the colored race, and his home was the re- | with his mother to Baltimore, Maryland, where he attended sort of the leaders of the several parties that were working | school for several years. “He afterwards entered the service for its emancipation or improvement. Theodore Parker, | of William R. Wilson and Alfred H. Reip, with whom he Henry Clay, and many other eminent emancipationists and | remained six years, acquiring a thorough knowledge of abolitionists, consulted with him. By middle life, Mr. | their business. He then went to Cumberland, Maryland, Sheppard had accumulated a large fortune, which he de- | where he worked some time as a journeyman for the father BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, of the Honorable Henry Hoffman. Returning to Balti- more, after one or two changes in his place of employ- ment, he became foreman in the shops of Mr. Christian Gross, with whom he continued until the death of his em- ployer; and so highly was the industry, prudence, and kindness of Mr. Hetzell appreciated, that Mr. Gross left him in possession of his tools, and constituted him his suc- cessor in business. Thus when about twenty-three years of age he became the owner of a business with every phase of which he was intimately acquainted, thereby assuring his success from the very beginning. After sev- eral changes as to locality, Mr. Hetzell finally established himself permanently, on the northeast corner of Howard and Lexington Streets, where he has successfully prose- cuted the business of manufacturing roofing, spouting, gal- vanized iron cornices, and tin and zinc work in general, to the present time (1879). He has become widely known and appreciated as a most reliable man in his line, and is therefore frequently called upon to execute work in differ- ent parts of his own State, Virginia, Philadelphia, and other portions of Pennsylvania. He placed the roof on the Peabody Institute, Baltimore, and did the copper, tin, and galvanized iron work of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. His business has amounted to fifty thousand dollars in a year. Mr. Hetzell’s shops are fitted up with the best ma- chinery necessary, and his employees are all well trained in their several departments of labor. Although of decided political views, Mr. Hetzell has invariably declined nomi- nations to public office when tendered him. He married Miss Annette L., daughter of Moses Webster, of Philadel- phia. Mrs. Hetzell is deceased, leaving one son and two daughters. WN: ARTIN, LuTHEr, was born February 9, 1748, in 5 p s! ie Piscataqua Township, near New Brunswick, in yay the State of New Jersey. He was the son of ie : Benjamin and Elenora Martin, and the third in a a family of nine children. Their ancestors, of Eng- lish birth, had originally settled in Piscataqua, New Eng- land, and from thence two Martin brothers had come with the first settlers to East Jersey, giving the same name to the place of their new abode. “I am American born,” says Mr. Martin, “of the fourth or fifth generation. My an- cestors were, and most of their descendants have been, of that class of people known as agriculturists or cultivators of the soil.” That part of the Jerseys to which they emi- grated, he describes “as an uncultivated wilderness, inhab- ited by its copper-colored aborigines,” and tells humorously of their rapid multiplication in the State, and of the large number who soon bore the name. “From the moment I could walk,” he says, “until twelve years of age, my time, except what was devoted to the acquisition of sci- ence, was employed in some manner or other useful to 215 the family; when too young for anything else, I rocked the cradle of a brother or sister that was younger.” In his thirteenth year, in the month of August, he was sent to Princeton College, entering the grammar school, and began the first rudiments of the Latin language. In Sep- tember, five years after, when in his nineteenth year, he graduated as the first scholar of his class, of thirty-five students. ‘ During this period,” he says, “I also studied the Hebrew language, made myself a tolerable master of the French, and among many other literary pursuits, found time fully to investigate that most important of all ques- tions, the truth and the divine origin of the Christian re- ligion.””, Among those who were his classmates and grad- uated with him were the Hon. Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the United States, the Rev. Mr. Bacon, one of the members of Congress for Massachusetts, and “the amiable, the worthy, the brave John McPherson, who fell with Gen- eral Montgomery, in the cause of his country, before the walls of Quebec.” Of the intimacy and affection between the last-named and himself, he speaks in the warmest terms. He also formed strong friendships with others who were not of his class, who afterwards became men of prom- inence. His character and standing at college, his friend- liness of disposition, and assiduity in study and literary at- tainments, are attested by all these. ‘“ From my parents,” he says, “I received a sound mind, a good constitution, and they deeply impressed on my young mind the sacred truths of the Christian religion, the belief of which is my boast. These with a liberal education were all the patri- mony they could bestow upon me; a patrimony for which my heart bears toward them a more grateful remembrance than if they had bestowed upon me the gold of Peru, or the gems of Golconda.”” The generosity and nobleness of his nature he showed in the conveyance to his two elder brothers, as soon as he came of age, of a small tract of land on South River, near New Brunswick, given him by his grandfather. This he gave ‘as a trifling compensation for the additional toil they had experienced in contributing to the support of a family, the expenses of which had been increased by reason of my education.” He now determined to be no longer a burden to his family. He had fixed upon the profession of the law, and in pursuance of his plan of self-support during the time he should find necessary for the acquisition of a competent legal knowledge, he left Princeton the second day after his graduation, with no other resources than his horse, his small remains of pocket-money, and a college testimonial. Proceeding south, to Maryland and Virginia, he was engaged in teaching and study until September, 1771, when, having undergone a satisfactory examination at Williamsburg, before John Randolph, Attor- ney-General of Virginia, and George Wythe, the Chancellor _of the State, he received a license authorizing him to prac- tice law in the county courts throughout Virginia. His rise at the bar and in popular favor was marked and rapid, and his success was spoken of as wonderful. At the time 216 of the general disturbance of business by the war of the Revolution, he had an income of five thousand dollars a year, which, for that day, was very large, and with every prospect of increase. In that war he espoused the Colonial side with all the energy of his nature, and from the begin- ning to the end of the struggle, by speeches, addresses and in his profession, showed himself the uncompromising enemy of George the Third and the Tories. In 1778, at the solicitation of Samuel Chase, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and afterward Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, he was appointed Attorney-General of Maryland, and removed to Baltimore. He continued long in that office, constantly augmenting his reputation as an advocate and a jurist. In 1783 he married Miss Cresap, granddaughter of Col. Cresap, a noted pioneer. She was a lady of much beauty, which was inherited by her two only children, Maria and Elenora, both of whom married unhappily, and died broken-hearted in early life. His wife also died young. His elder daughter, Maria, was the friend and school companion of Miss Patterson, after- wards Madame Bonaparte. She was, like her father, be- nevolent, hospitable, and kind to the poor, and, surviving her mother and younger sister, spent her last days in doing good. Mr. Martin was a regular member of what was in those days known as the Old English Church, now known as St. Paul’s Protestant Episcopal Church. He erected the family altar, and prayed in private. He was engaged in many important cases in his long and brilliant career, the records of which are a part of the history of the State. “ He shone far above his contemporaries in the accuracy of his knowledge and the clearness of his forensic arguments. Of his general powers at the bar, his unbroken success and exalted reputation abroad are plain demonstrations. His mind was so completely stored with the principles of legal science, and his professional accuracy was so gener- ally acknowledged, that his mere opinion was considered law, and is now esteemed sound authority before any American tribunal.” His memory was wonderful, and enabled him to have at instant command all the wealth of his great and varied learning. He was liberal and kind- hearted to a fault, and, not appreciating the value of money, he let it pass freely from him, till he was often hard pressed to meet his debts. He often had to borrow money on mortgage. “I never was an economist,” he says, “in any- thing but time.’ In old age he found himself poor, though few had had better opportunities than he to become rich. He dressed in the old-fashioned colonial style, wearing the blue double-breasted coat, with gilt buttons, shorts but- toned at the knee, long white hose, and half boots; or in summer, shoes with buckles. He all his life wore ruffles at the bosom and wrists, and a queue about six inches long, and sometimes the powdered head. In person he was of the medium size; muscular, but not heavy, in form. He indulged in the use of ardent spirits, as was the habit of his time, but seldom to excess. Reports and newspaper BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. stories greatly exaggerated what his friends considered as his one fault. In 1804 he was engaged, conjointly with Robert Goodloe Harper, in the defence of Judge Chase, of the Supreme Court of the United States, who was im- peached in the House of Representatives, on charges con- tained in eight articles, for malfeasance in office. Mr. Martin’s argument on that occasion is said to have been one of the most powerful ever heard in an American court- room. Judge Chase was acquitted on every charge. In 1807 Aaron Burr was arrested for treason, and arraigned at Richmond, in the United States Circuit Court, before Chief Justice Marshall. Burr himself was the chief man- ager of his case, but drew around him an array of talent rarely united in the same cause. Besides Mr. Martin, Messrs. Wickham, William Wirt, and John Randolph, all eminent lawyers, were engaged in the case. Mr. Martin’s zeal and courage and devotion surpassed everything. He not only defended his client in the court, but in the public prints, and became one of the sureties for the bail-bond that was given pending the finding of the indictment. When the trial was concluded Burr was acquitted. On August 12, 1813, Mr. Martin was appointed Chief Judge of the Court of Oyer and Terminer for the City and County of Baltimore, and filled that station till the court was abolished by the Legislature of 1816. On Febru- ary 11, 1818, exactly forty years from the date of his first commission, he was again appointed Attorney-Gen- eral of the State. His declining health, however, pre- vented his appearing, except in a few cases, and an assis- tant was appointed. In 1820 he was paralyzed in his right side, and never fully recovered from the stroke. Mr. Mar- ‘tin had a just claim on Aaron Burr for professional services, and finding himself without means, upon the invitation of Mr. Burr, who resided in New York, he went there in 1822, greatly against the wishes of his friends in Baltimore, and remained in the family of Mr. Burr till his death, July 10, 1826. His remains were interred in the burial-grounds of Trinity Church of that city. WiwOLK, Lucius Carey, was born in Somerset County, 4 » His father and mother were natives of Maryland, and both of English descent. His father was a farmer, and a man of high standing in the community, having been called upon to fill several public positions, and chosen as one of the electors for the election of United States Sen- ator. Mr. Franklin attended the public schools in his na- tive county until the age of fourteen, when he went to Bridgeport and studied at the boarding-school of the Rev. Henry Jones, preparatory to entering upon a collegiate course. From there he went to Yale College, entering the third term of the freshman class, and graduating with honor at that institution in the year 1849. He then read law with Judge John R. Franklin, recently deceased, of Snow Hill, Worcester County, Maryland, and was admitted to the bar in the year 1852. Being in delicate health in early life, he never entered upon the practice of his profession, and his time has principally been employed in farming. He has been School Trustee for many years; Director of the Wi- comico and Pocomoke Railroad; was a member of the Con- vention of 1867, that framed the present Constitution of Maryland ; was elected member of the Maryland House of Delegates, on the Democratic ticket, in 1871; and elected to the Senate in 1877. He was married in his twenty- second year to Miss Sarah E. Chaney, daughter of Thomas and Emily Chaney, of Issaquina County, Louisiana. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has for many years filled the position of church trustee, and in every position which he has been called upon to fill, has per- formed his duty with credit to himself and his constituents. 231 Wc Tuomas TALBoTT, A.B., A.M., and gi A ~=LL.B., was born on “ My Lady’s Manor,” Bal- a" timore County, Maryland, September 29, 1830. fp After a preparatory course at St. James Academy, above county, he entered, at the age of sixteen yéars, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In 1850 he received the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in 1852 that of Master of Arts, from that institution. After conclud- ing a regular collegiate course at Dickinson College, he entered Cambridge (Mass.) Law School, where, in about two and a half years, he graduated. Returning home he entered the office of the late William Schley, an eminent member of the Maryland bar, under whom he continued his legal studies for two years (the period required by the Constitution of Maryland), when, on motion of his pre- ceptor, he was admitted to practice in the various courts. In 1854 Mr. Hutchins was elected by the Democratic party as a delegate to the State Assembly of Maryland, from Baltimore County. He was the youngest member of the body during the session of that year, and was selected to serve on some of the most important committees, in- cluding that of the Judiciary. After the adjournment of the Legislature, Mr. Hutchins settled in Baltimore city, in the practice of his profession, which he has been steadily pursuing thence to the present time. Governor *Bowie honored him with the appointment of Colonel on his Staff, in which capacity he served during that gentle- man’s gubernatorial term. Colonel Hutchins has always taken an active and earnest interest in public matters, and has been an able and eloquent advocate of conservative Democratic principles in varivus political contests. The Colonel’s father was Joshua Hutchins, an extensive farmer, of Baltimore County, who frequently represented that county in the State Legislature, and was one of its most useful and efficient members. His grandfather on the maternal side was Thomas Talbott, a large landholder of Baltimore County, whose ancestors for five generations have been residents of that county. Colonel Hutchins married, December, 1853, Miss Sarah Brien, daughter of John McPherson Brien, and adopted daughter of the late Mrs. Robert Gilmor. He has two children, Sarah Gil- mor and Robert Gilmor Hutchins. Colonel Hutchins is an affable gentleman, social in disposition, and a man of varied accomplishments. nm WSENTON, Aaron, was born June 4, 1799, in Fallow- é field Township, Washington County, Pennsylva- nia. His parents were John and Sarah (Preston) ; Fenton, born and married in the vicinity of Trenton, t New Jersey; from which place they removed to their farm near Monongahela City, Washington County, Penn- sylvania, several years before the birth of Aaron. He was their third son and the fourth of thirteen children, seven of 232 whom were boys. His grandparents emigrated to this country from Wales, and settled on a farm near Trenton, New Jersey, where they raised a family of five children, of whom Aaron’s father was the second. At thirteen years of age, and within a few months after the death of his parents, both of whom died within eighteen months, the subject of this sketch, finding that there was scarcely any- thing to be gotten from the family estate, hired himself as a farm-boy to a Mr. Luke Fry, a rich farmer, and after liv- ing with him two years he went to a Mr. Joseph Lloyd, of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. During the first four years after leaving home he received eight dollars per month and board, and thereafter began to better himself. While with Mr. Lloyd he became a wagoner, and in that capacity frequently and regularly visited Pittsburg, Phila- delphia, and Baltimore. From his ninth year up to thir- teen he attended the neighboring country school during the annual three months’ session; and from the latter age up to his nineteenth year paid for his own schooling. During that period the school was for the most part in charge of Robert Orr, who married Mr. Fenton’s oldest sister, Rebecca. He was the elder brother of a fellow- schoolmate and life-long friend of Mr. Fenton—Judge William Orr, of Wooster, Ohio, founder of Orrsville, Wayne County, Ohio. In 1819 Mr. Thomas Drakeley, of Woodbury, Connecticut, an extensive dealer in general merchandise, became acquainted with Mr. Fenton, and employed him as a trading wagoner, whose routes of travel extended far and wide over the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Maryland. Mr. Fenton married, Feb- ruary 4, 1830, Miss Rebecca Bryant, of Washington County, Pennsylvania, by whom he had one child, Norman Drakeley Fenton. This lady died at Washington, Penn- sylvania, September 4, 1841. In 1832 Mr. Fenton became the junior and resident partner of Messrs. Drakeley and Fenton, at Washington, Pennsylvania, and conducted a regular country store, dealing chiefly in drygoods. In January, 1837, Messrs. Drakeley and Fenton went to Bal- timore, with a view of settling there, and after a week’s sojourn decided to close up their business at Washington and open a general merchandise and grocery store in Bal- timore, which they did, February 4, 1837. Mr. Thomas Drakeley continued to reside in the West, and his nephew, Henry W. Drakeley, assisted Mr, Fenton in the conduct of the Baltimore business until the death of his uncle, when he became an equal partner. Their line of business gradually changed to that of wholesale grocery, and during the first year of the civil war became a strictly provision one, and thereafter merged into a general commission pro- vision trade, and as such was continued until September, 1873, at which time Mr. Drakeley died, and Messrs. Fenton and Hinman, the surviving partners, closed up the affairs of the firm. The only public office which Mr. Fenton has held was that of City Councilman for the Fourteenth Ward, during Mayor Chapman’s administration. He has held various BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. positions of trust and responsibility in business corpora- tions and benevolent enterprises. He was a Manager of the Union Relief Association; a Director in the Baltimore Mercantile Exchange, about 1840-50; a Directer of the Western National Bank; in the Eutaw Savings Bank; in the Howard Fire Insurance Company ; in the Washington Fire Insurance Company; in the Mount Vernon Manufac- turing Company; a Life Director of the Maryland State Bible Society ; and President of the Baltimore and Colo- rado Territory National Silver Mining Company of Balti- more City. In 1830, after his marriage, Mr. Fenton and his wife united with the First Presbyterian Church at Washington, Pennsylvania, of which Rev. David Elliott, D.D., was pastor, afterward the distinguished President of the Alleghany Presbyterian Theological Seminary. He is now, and has been from its foundation, a member of West- minster Presbyterian Church in Baltimore, and has al- ways been faithful and prompt in his religious duties. During the civil struggle for national existence, his devo- tion to the Union was bold and fearless, and his contribu- tions to the cause unstinted. Considerations of self-inter- est could not make him suppress his true sentiments. He is a Republican, and a supporter of President Hayes. Mr. Fenton is a man of strong and enduring friendship, and of warm sympathies for the sorrowing andstruggling. Many whom he has aided and encouraged under the burdens of life, love him as a father, and will cherish his memory when he is gone. For nearly forty years, he was associ- ated with one man, doing business in one location, and the firm of Drakeley & Fenton achieved a proud reputation for integrity, solidity, and all that goes to make the high- est mercantile success, Its note was never protested, its credit never shaken. The opening year of their house (1837) was one of great financial disturbance and distress ; but, from the beginning, the firm established a credit that in a few years became almost unlimited. The commer- cial panics then and since did not affect them. Their prosperity was founded on industry, temperance, frugality, honesty, and truth. While it is as an upright and success- ful merchant that Mr. Fenton appears most prominently, the true foundation of his character is found in his Chris- tian faith, Mr. Fenton’s first child, Norman Drakeley Fenton, graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and afterward studied law with the Honorable John H. B. Latrobe, of Baltimore, and was admitted to’ the bar in 1852. He went to San Antonio, Texas, with a view of settling there, but died in that place, June 1, 1853. Mr. Fenton was married to his second wife, Rebecca Hed- dington, daughter of Colonel Matthew Clark, June 13, 1843. The issue of this marriage are five children, all of whom live in Baltimore. They are as follows: Mrs. Tempe Preston Boggs; Dr. Glenn Aaron Fenton, A.M.; Matthew C. Fenton, of the paper warehouse of Rudolph & Fenton; J. Norman Fenton, clerk with N. Waterbury, and Jennie B. Fenton. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. We f3ycWILLIAMS, Joun, eldest son of John and Mary Bis (Mullin) McWilliams, was born in Baltimore, we Maryland, January 10, 1836. His father was a native of Londonderry, Ireland, and a gardener by vocation. He came to America in 1831, set- tling in Baltimore, and was married in that city in 1835. He died in 1852. His son John attended the public schools of the city till he was twelve years of age, when he entered the counting-room of Dallam & Carroll, com- mission merchants, located at Buchanan’s wharf, with whom he remained about three years. He then, at the age of fifteen, apprenticed himself to Messrs. Mager and Wash- ington, to learn the trade of iron moulder, and remained with them four years. He then worked as a journeyman in another foundry for a period of two years. In 1858, during the presidency of James Buchanan, he became a clerk in the Baltimore City Post-office, under Dr. John Morris, Postmaster, now a distinguished practicing physi- cian in the same city. This position Mr. McWilliams re- signed in April, 1861, on the change of the national ad- ministration, and was the first and only officer connected with that department who voluntarily resigned his posi- tion. The next month, followed by a company of about twenty young men of similar sentiments, he started for the South to join the Confederate Army. On May 28, 1861, the company was organized at Harper’s Ferry, with A. G. Talliaferro as Captain, and united with the Thirteenth Virginia Infantry, Colonel A. P. Hill, commanding. At the first battle of Manassas, Colonel Hill promoted Mr. McWilliams to the position of Sergeant Major, from which time to the present he has been familiarly called Major. After serving twelve months, Governor Letcher, of Vir- ginia, appointed him a Lieutenant to form all the Mary- landers in Richmond, not in active service, into a company for guard duty at the various prisons, and in the entrench- ments surrounding the city. In 1863 he was sent by Gen- eral Winder to report to General Whiting at Wilmington, North Carolina. On his arrival he found that he was as- signed to secret service, and remained five months, when greatly to his gratification, he was relieved. He then re- turned to Richmond, and was in the employ of the South- ern Express Company for a number of months, when, de- sirous to engage in the more exciting scenes then transpir- ing in the Shenandoah Valley, he proceeded thither a few days prior to the great fight between Sheridan and Early, in which he was taken prisoner, September 19, 1864. With others he was taken to Point Lookout, where, the winter being a severe one, he suffered greatly. About the middle of the following March the prisoners were taken to Richmond and paroled. Remaining there two months, he returned home to Baltimore in May, where in spite of his parole, the Provost-Marshal gave him twelve hours in which to leave the city, and he returned to Richmond. In a few days he was sent to North Carolina in the employ of the National Express Company; was at Weldon a few 233 months, and afterwards at Raleigh for nearly a year. In 1868 he returned to Baltimore, where he has resided most of the time since. He first obtained a position as clerk under Dr. Stewart, in the Health Department, which he resigned after the election of Mayor Kane, and accepted » position under James R. Brewer, Clerk of the Circuit Court, which he still holds. In the fall of 1878 he was elected to the First Branch of the City Council from the Fifth Ward, on the Democratic ticket. Mr. McWilliams was married March 18, 1875, to Mary F. Burnham. They have one child—Mary. He attends the Catholic Church, and is a member of the society called, “ The Army and Navy of the Confederate States.” FO cote Wit.tam E., was born in Baltimore, Maryland, June g, 1821, wollte he has continued are to reside. His parents were Thomas and Eliza- y beth Woodyear, who were married in 1817. At the time of their marriage, and for a short period afterward, his father was Cashier of the York Bank, Penn- sylvania. After his withdrawal from the bank he did not immediately engage in active business life, but was special partner in two mercantile houses, one in Baltimore, and the other in the State of Ohio. These proved to be unfor- tunate connections, which led to his financial ruin within two years after his marriage, and were the probable cause of his early death. William’s grandfather, Edward Wood- year, was an Englishman, who came with his family to this country from the island of St. Kitts, and settled in Baltimore, where he was largely engaged in mercantile pursuits. He married Mary Fowler, daughter of David Fowler, of North Carolina, whom he met in England, while she was receiving her education in that country. William’s mother was the sixth and youngest child of John and Hannah Yellott, and was born in Yorkshire, England. Her father had a brother, Jeremiah Yellott, who had been several years in Baltimore, and had become one of the most enterprising shipowners and merchants in the country. He was the projector of the first Balti- more clipper ship, a class of vessels so well known for their speed. Jeremiah prevailed on his brother John to bring his family to this country. He came over in one of Jeremiah’s ships, arriving in Baltimore in 1794. Having no children of his own, Jeremiah left the.greater part of his estate to the children of his brother. John had been a farmer in England, and, on his arrival in Baltimore, he purchased a large tract of land in Harford County, Mary- land, proving himself to be one of the most successful farmers in the State. After several years in that county, he removed to Dulaney’s Valley, and, some years later, purchased a farm on the York Road, five and a half miles from Baltimore, known as “ Auburn,” where he died at the age of seventy-five years. The mother of the subject 234 of this sketch, having given the entire fortune left her by her uncle Jeremiah to her husband to pay his obligations, was, after the death of the latter, reduced to the necessity of providing means for the support and education of her children, which she did, to her credit and honor, until other means were provided. The most prominent idea of her son William’s early life was to assist his widowed mother in providing for her family, and he cared for her until her death, March 3, 1876, in the eighty-fourth year of her age. William E, Woodyear was educated in the city of Balti- more. In 1837, in the sixteenth year of his age, and soon after leaving school, he entered the commission house of William A. Moale & Brother, whose counting-room was a good school, in which much business knowledge could be gained. After remaining there for eighteen months, he entered the counting-room of James Cheston & Son, where he continued as the only clerk of the establishment until 1849. He then embarked in the milling business on his own account, with a small capital, partly his own, and the balance borrowed from his mother and brother, Thomas Y. In the same year he began manufacturing flour at Mount Clare Mill, in Baltimore, which property he after- ward purchased and still retains. He has recently greatly increased his milling facilities, and in addition to Mount Clare, he has been, and is now, conducting other mills. Since 1861 he has been extensively engaged in the manu- facture of flour for the Brazil market, brand, ‘“ Mount Vernon,’ so well established. His financial success has been greater than were his most sanguine expectations when he began. He is a member of the Baltimore Corn and Flour Exchange. Prior to 1850, while a clerk, Mr. Woodyear was a Director and Treasurer of the Mercantile Library Association. He has been one of the Trustees of the Maryland Inebriate Asylum, and one of the founders of the House of Reformation and Instruction for Colored Children of Maryland. He is at present one of its Mana- gers, and at the first meeting of the Board was elected Treasurer, which position he still fills. He is a Director in the Washington Fire Insurance Company, and Treasurer of the Maryland Millers’ Association. In 1860-61, Mr. Woodyear was a member of the Minute Men’s Association of Baltimore, and labored hard to prevent Maryland from seceding from the Union during the rebellion. He was a Whig before the war, a Union man and Republican during its continuance, and has been since its close. He was brought up in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and con- tinues to attend the same. He was married, October 10, 1878, to Rosa Blanche, daughter of Laura and the late Samuel Shepard, of Baltimore. Habitually disposed to truth and justice, which have probably been the chief cause, Mr. Woodyear’s success is attributable to his in- dustry, perseverance, and integrity, together with his mother’s counsel, whose clear and sagacious judgment he frequently consulted before engaging in new and important business projects. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. SWik\EDDICORD, Tuomas JoHN, was born near Cooks- z ville, Howard County, Maryland, November 9, ir 1839. His parents, Washington Asberry and ' Rebecca (Crawford) Peddicord, were natives of the t same county, of which, also, the ancestors of both were residents from the early colonial days. He was brought up to the work of the farm, to which, however, he early manifested a great distaste, but had a fondness for study, improving every opportunity he could find to store his mind with useful knowledge. He acquired at the common schools of the county a thorough knowledge of the usual English branches, and afterwards enjoying for three years the instructions of a private tutor, became pro- ficient in Latin and mathematics, and after the first year pursued also the study of medicine. He then attended a course of lectures, but deciding that his tastes were not in that direction, he engaged in teaching school for about two years; when, at the earnest solicitation of his father he bought a farm in Howard County, to which for a time he gave his attention, but sold it in 1867, and removing to Rockville, devoted himself to the study of law. He was at the same time acting sheriff for the county. He was admitted to the bar in January, 1871, and entered imme- diately upon the practice of his profession. In June, 1873, he removed to Oakland, where he soon built up a lucra- tive practice. Possessing a keen and practical mind, Mr. Peddicord thinks quickly and clearly on every subject, following each point presented rapidly, yet consecutively and logically, to its legitimate conclusion. Hus course in any matter he decides with deliberation, but executes his plans with directness, energy, and dispatch. Combining these qualities with great industry and perseverance, he wins the confidence of men, and assures success. He joined the Order of Odd Fellows in 1864, and the follow- ing year received the degree of Master Mason in Patmos Lodge, No. 70, A. F. and A. M.,, of Ellicott City. In 1870 he joined the Knights of Pythias in Annapolis, and in 1877 the Good Templars Lodge of Oakland, and has held important offices in all of these societies. In politics he isa Democrat. He is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church of Oakland. November 15, 1860, he mar- ried Ara Rebecca, daughter of James H. Clagett, of Mont- gomery County. BEI 3 Qo WAITHER, Georce Rices, Sr., was born April 15, 1797, in Montgomery County, Maryland, where he lived, attending country schools, until the age of sixteen years, when he went to Georgetown, District of Columbia, and entered as a clerk the drygouds store of his uncle, Romulus Riggs. He served in the war of 1812, in Peter’s Artillery, from Georgetown, par- ticipating in the battle of Bladensburgh and several impor- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tant engagements. In 1820 he purchased the store.of his uncle and conducted it on his own account until 1825. He removed to Baltimore during the latter year and estab- lished himself in the wholesale drygoods business, on Bal- timore, near Sharp Street, and continued to prosecute the same under different firm styles, George R. Gaither, Gai- ther, Matthews & Oulds, and George R. Gaither & Com- pany, until 1840, when he retired to private life. Mr. Gai- ther purchased and resided for several years on the mag- nificent country seat in [foward County, Maryland, known as “ Oakland,” which was the former property and resi- dence of the late Charles Sterrit Ridgely. He married, in 1823, Miss Hannah Bradley,-daughter of Abram Bradley, Assistant Postmaster-General, and died September 18, 1875. His father was Daniel Gaither, an extensive farmer of Montgomery County, Maryland. Mr. George R. Gaither accumulated a princely fortune in mercantile operations and judicious financial transactions, and contributed very largely to the improvement of Baltimore by the erection of rows of warehouses and dwellings on Baltimore, North Charles, Hanover, Cathedral, and other streets, about twenty-five first class structures in all. The estate he left may be estimated by the millions. He was one of Balti- more’s most enterprising and energetic citizens, and the son who bears his name, and lives in the paternal mansion on Cathedral Street, Baltimore, is imitating the example of his distinguished father. His only surviving daughter, Hannah B. Gaither, has shown her affection for her father by erecting to his memory the beautiful “ Church of the Holy Comforter,’ on the corner of Pratt and Chester Streets, Baltimore. The cost of this edifice will exceed forty thousand dollars. Mr. Thomas H. Gaither, the youngest son, is an extensive farmer of Howard County, Maryland. = GrorcE R., JR., son of the subject of the CG preceding sketch, was born in Baltimore in 1831. On the breaking out of the American civil war he i, went to Virginia and became attached to the First oe, Virginia Regiment of Cavalry, Confederate Army, in which he was made a Captain of the First Squadron. He participated in all the principal battles of the war, under that famous cavalry general, J. E. B. Stuart. He was taken prisoner at the second battle of Manassas, Au- gust, 1862, but was exchanged in about two weeks. After the termination of hostilities he returned to Baltimore and became extensively established in the cotton business, which he continues to conduct. In 1870 he was elected a Major in the Fifth Regiment, Maryland National Guards, and was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, in same corps, in 1876, which position he resigned in 1877. Col- onel Gaither married, in 1851, Miss R. H. Dorsey, daugh- 235 ter of Colonel Charles S. W. Dorsey, Howard County, Maryland, and granddaughter of General Charles Ridgely, of Hampton (Ex-Governor of Maryland), by whom he has had nine children. Alfred Gaither, Superintendent of Adams Express Company in Cincinnati, Ohio, is a cousin of Colonel Gaither, and ranks among Cincinnati’s wealthiest and most respectable and influential citizens. fo TOKES, WILLIAM H., M.D., was born in Maryland, January 21, 1812. His parents, William B. and Henrietta M. C. Stokes, were natives of Maryland, and removed from Havre-de-Grace to Baltimore, in 1818. In 1829 he entered the junior class of Yale College, where he graduated in 1831, with the degree of B.A., and received the degree of M.A. in 1845. He read medicine for a year in the office of Drs. Donaldson & Steu- art, of Baltimore, and was subsequently a student in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland, being at the same time Interne at the Baltimore Infirmary. In 1834 he received his degree of M.D. from the University, and was soon after appointed Resident Physician to the Maryland Hospital, a State institution for the treatment of the insane, and one of the oldest in the country. He oc- cupied this position for one year, when he resigned. Here his attention was first directed to the care and treatment of the insane, and from that early period in his professional career he began to employ his mental and physical energies in behalf of those unfortunate beings. Thirty-eight years of his life have been devoted to the professional charge of an insane asylum. In the autumn of 1835 he located in Mobile, Alabama, where he was engaged in a general practice until 1840, being from 1837 Visiting Surgeon to the United States Marine Hospital. During his residence in that city it passed through two severe and malignant epidemics of yellow fever, one in 1837, the other in 1839, when he gave special attention to the investigation of the important questions connected with that disease, and im- proved every opportunity of studying the laws that regulate its origin and diffusion. He endeavored to determine, by the most careful observations, whether it is contagious or not, and what sanitary regulations and precautions are most necessary for the arrest of this destructive pestilence. His experience and observations proved to his mind that yellow fever is not contagious, and that the existing quar- antine regulations are far more stringent than is necessary. During the epidemic of 1839, the effect of a large con- flagration in arresting the disease was most manifest. Whilst it was at its’ height, and disease and death in every house, twenty-five squares in the heart of the city were consumed. From that day, though early in October, and several weeks before frost, the epidemic ceased its ravages, and scarce a new case appeared. In the spring of ot 236 1841, Dr. Stokes visited Europe, and spent that year in professional study in the hospitals of Dublin, London, and Paris. In 1842 he returned to this country and established himself in Baltimore. He is a member of the Medical Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane; and Attending Physician of Mount Hope Retreat. He has contributed articles to the American Yournal of Insanity, and has written thirty-six annual reports for the hospital, in which most subjects connected with the care of the insane are discussed. In 1845 he was appointed lec- turer on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, in the University of Maryland; resigned at the end of the year, and was appointed Professor of the same branches in Washington University of Baltimore. In 1850he resigned this professorship, and since that time has devoted himself exclusively to his private practice and his duties as Phy- sician to Mount Hope Retreat, a private insane asylum, founded in 1840, and for several years known as Mount Hope Institution. Dr. Stokes has been con- nected with this hospital since 1842, and during this time over seven thousand patients are registered as having been under his professional care. He was married, De- cember 19, 1839 to Mary C., daughter of Dr. William Bradley Tyler, of Frederick, Maryland, and has four chil- dren living. mene: ONES, WILLIAM J., was born at Elkton, Maryland, a August 25, 1829. He received an ordinary com- f “® —mon-school education at the Elkton Academy. He i left school at fifteen years of age, and entered a Of, mechanic’s shop, where he remained until over twenty-two. During that time, unassisted, he improved his knowledge of Latin, the rudiments of which he ac- quired at school. He also pursued an extensive though desultory course of English literature. He read history, poetry, fiction, divinity, whatever he could lay his hands upon, without order or system of any kind, and came out of it all, as he says, ‘‘ without mental dyspepsia, and with a taste for good reading, and a habit of thinking and writing about his reading.” In the spring of 1852 he pur- chased a half interest in the Cec’ Whig, of which he took the editorial management. The failure of a newspaper enterprise in which Mr. Ricketts, the original owner of the Whig, had engaged, brought that gentleman again to the Whig. Yn the early part of 1853, Mr. Jones commenced reading law in the office of Colonel John C. Groome, father of the present Senator of that name. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar. In politics, he had been a Whig, and he heartily advocated the nomination of General Scott for the Presidency. When the Whig party became de- funct, he took an active part in the organization of the American party. Mr. Jones, and half a dozen others in BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. different parts of the county, took the management of the new party into their own hands. They made appoint- ments, dictated nominations, and, in short, ran the machine. Asa matter of course, they made enemies, and received very little personal advantage, if indeed any at all, except the gratification of having their own way, and beating the Democrats, whom they regarded as enemies, and whom they opposed with all the intensity of unrecon- structed and unconverted Whigs. In 1857 he was ap- pointed State’s Attorney for Cecil County, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the removal of the present Judge Grason from the county. In 1858 he married Miss May J. Smith, of Connecticut. The next year he was elected State’s Attorney for the full term of four years. During his six years as State’s Attorney, he was truly a terror to evil- doers. A man once indicted rarely escaped conviction. He was a prosecutor by nature; and at this day, though years have passed since he gave much attention: to criminal matters, nothing delights him more than to engage in the prosecution of a criminal with a good keen lawyer for the defence. On the breaking out of the war he took the side of the Government in the most uncompromising manner ; and in 1863 acted with Winter Davis in the organization of the unconditional Union party, and with speech and pen urged the abolition of slavery. As the advocate of this policy he was nominated and elected to the Legislature of Maryland. After this nomination, he was also nominated as a candidate for Congress, against Honorable John W. Crisfield, but declined, when Mr. Creswell was nominated and elected. Mr. Jones took his seat in the House of Delegates, January, 1864, and was made Chairman of Ways and Means Committee. In 1865 he was appointed by President Johnson, United States District Attorney for Maryland, but refusing to indorse Mr. Johnson’s views, he was relieved after holding office about one year. Being told by a friend that he would be removed unless he pub- licly indorsed the President’s views, he said: “ I think it would be wrong for me, occupying this office, to discuss, on the hustings or in newspapers, questions which I am certain to be called upon to treat officially. But I will not deceive you or the President. JI am utterly opposed to his policy, and am ready to take all the consequences of that avowal.’’ Resuming his home practice in the fall of 1866, he has since then devoted himself exclusively to his profes- sion. Mr. Jones retains his old love of reading, and in this, and giving attention to the education of his children, he finds almost the only relief from the onerous labors of a very large practice. He is Attorney for the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad Company, the Pennsyl- vania Railroad Company, the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company, the McCullough Iron Company, Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company, and Cecil National Bank. In early boyhood he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is now a trustee of the church at the place of his residence. MATOR GENERAL SAMUEL SMITII. a ee ee Wf < eek GF OL es BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. MITH, Mayjor-GENERAL, SAMUEL, was born in Car- vit)) lisle, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1752. He was of Irish ‘ extraction. His grandfather, Samuel Smith, emi- grated from Ireland in 1728, and settled in Pennsyl- ® vania. He was then in his thirty-fifth year. On his decease, his son John disposed of the patrimonial estate, and engaged in merchandising in Carlisle, where- Samuel, the subject of this sketch, was born. In 1760 John Smith removed to Baltimore and resumed the mercantile busi- ness. He was a man of much ability and influence, and took a lively interest in all the political movements against the aggressions of the English crown. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Maryland in 1776, and afterwards a representative of the State in the General As- sembly, in which he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, to the close of the war. His son Samuel received his first rudiments of learning in Carlisle, continued his studies for a time in Baltimore, and was then placed in an academy at Elkton, Maryland. At the end of two years he entered his father’s counting- room, where he remained in active duty until he was nine- teen years of age. In May, 1772, he was sent as super- cargo in one of his father’s vessels to Havre, and, after attending to the business with which he was charged, made a tour of Europe, for the purpose of establishing commer- cial relations and visiting celebrated localities. The ac- complished, but unfortunate Major André, was a passenger in the ship in which young Smith returned home, and a warm friendship sprung up between them. On his return home he engaged in commerce with his father. In the meantime the disputes with the mother country had reached their height, and, being of an ardent and generous temper, he took an active part in the measures adopted to resist the British government in its attempt to maintain by force the authority it claimed to exercise over the American col- onies. He joined one of the volunteer companies of the day, and in January, 1776, was appointed a Captain in Smallwood’s regiment. April 14, he was ordered by the Baltimore Committee of Correspondence to seize the per- son and papers of Governor Eden, but owing to a conflict of authority between that committee and the Council of Safety at Annapolis, the arrest was not made. He par- ticipated in the battle of Long Island, where the regiment did eminent service, and suffered a loss of more than one- third of its men. He distinguished himself at Harlem and White Plains, where he received his first wound. After the fall of Forts Washington and Lee, he was with the Commander-in-chief in the harassing retreat through New Jersey, where he covered the rear of the army, and at this time attracted the attention of Washington. December Io, 1776, he was commissioned Major in Gist’s Battalion, and in 1777 was made Lieutenant-Colonel in the Fourth Mary- land Regiment, commanded by Colonel Josias C. Hall. He was at the attack on Staten Island, and participated in the battle of Brandywine. Immediately after he was detached 31 237 by Washington to the defence of Fort Mifflin, on Mud Island, in the Delaware. We give his letter of instruc- tions, which is not only a testimonial of the great confi- dence reposed in Colonel Smith, but an evidence of the prudence and caution of the Commander-in-chief. Had his prudential instructions been carried out at Long Island, the fortunes of the day would have been entirely different. Perhaps no letter written by Washington expresses so forci- bly the great lineaments of his character, prudence, judg- ment, caution, and promptness, as this letter to Colonel Smith: . “ Heapquarters, Camp Potrscrove, Sept. 23, 1777. “Sir: You will proceed with the detachment under your command to Dunk’s Ferry on the Delaware, if you find in your progress the way clear and safe. When ar- rived there, you will take the safest and most expeditious method of conducting the detachment to Fort Mifflin; by water would be easiest and least fatiguing to your men, and, if practicable and safe, will certainly be most eligible ; otherwise, you will cross the Delaware, and march then on the Jersey side to Fort Mifflin. In the whole march you will make all possible dispatch. Keep your men in the most exact order; suffer no one to straggle; make each officer take a list of his platoon or division, and, at the beginning of every march, see that every man be present. You will also take every necessary precaution to prevent the enemy’s surprising you on your march, by keeping out small van, flank, and rear guards and sentinels, when you halt. The keeping of the fort is of very great importance, and I rely strongly on your prudence, spirit, and bravery, for a vigorous and persevering defence. The Baron D’Ar- endt will be appointed to the chief command, and, when he arrives, you will give him every aid in your power. A commissary must be appointed, if there be not one already, to supply the garrison with provisions. And it may be highly expedient to lay in a stock of salted meat, if to be had, and a quantity of bread, flour, and wood, for at least one month. Immediately on your arrival, make inquiry of the state of ammunition for musketry, as well as artil- lery, and if either be wanting, lose not a moment’s time in getting a supply. ‘“‘ Wishing you all desirable success, *T remain your friend and servant, “GEO, WASHINGTON. “To LizgUTENANT-COLONEL SAMUEL SMITH.” It was necessary for the British, now in possession of Philadelphia, to have communication with their fleet in the Delaware, that they might receive supplies for their army. To render the navigation of the Delaware im- practicable, works and batteries had been erected on Mud Island, and a fort constructed at Red Bank, on the Jersey shore opposite, covered with heavy artillery, under the brave Colonel Green, and some defences further down the river. Inthe channel between Mud Island and Red Bank, and under cover of their batteries, were sunk in the river 238 ranges of chevaux-de-frise, composed of transverse beams firmly united and strongly headed with iron, so as to be destructive to any ship that would strike against them. These works were further supported by several galleys mounting heavy cannon, two floating batteries, some armed vessels and fireships, under Commodore Hazlewood. Im- pressed with the importance of. his position Colonel Smith made every effort to strengthen his defences against the attack of the enemy, which began three days after he took command of Fort Mifflin, and continued without inter- mission, Simultaneously with the attack on Red Bank by Count Donop, several ships of the British fleet, having passed the lower barrier, furiously assailed Fort Mifflin, which returned their fire with good effect; the Augusta 64 blew up, killing several of her officers and men, and the Merlin, having grounded, was fired by the enemy them- selves. Undaunted by their reverses at Fort Mifflin and Red Bank, the British erected batteries on Province Island, a morass like Mud Island, and near to it, and bringing up the Isis and Somerset men-of-war, enfiladed with a destruc- tive fire the works of Fort Mifflin. The defence was most gallant, the garrison laboring day and night to strengthen the defences, and repair the breaches that were made, but this could not last long; the ramparts crumbled under the continual fire, the guns were dismounted, and the enemy’s ships approached so near the fort that hand grenades were thrown within the fort and wounded the men. When further resistance was in vain, the torch was applied to everything combustible and the garrison retired. Colonel Smith received a severe contusion from bricks knocked down by the cannonade, and was carried to the mainland. For this gallant defence he was honored with a vote of thanks by Congress and the presentation of an elegant sword, Baron D’ Arendt had not assumed the command of the fort, as was expected. Before Colonel Smith was entirely re- covered, he joined the army, and participated in the hard- ships and privations of Valley Forge, and afterwards took an active part in the battle of Monmouth. Reduced from affluence to poverty by a neglect of his personal interests, after a service of three years, Colonel Smith resigned his commission in the regular army, but continued to do duty as a colonel of militia to the end of the war. When the government was organized under its newly-adopted Consti- tution, he was instrumental in removing the prejudices of its opponents against it, and in reconciling different parties in Baltimore. He was a member of the Legislature of Maryland for a year, where he took « leading part in the questions of the day; and a member of the National Legislature for forty years, from 1793 to 1833. He was in the House of Representatives sixteen years, and in the United States Senate twenty-four years, and served on many of the most important committees. In the House he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, and in the Senate of the Committee of Finance. In the discharge of his legislative duties he was dis- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tinguished for his indefatigable business habits, energy of character, and close reasoning in debate. When Mr. Jefferson became President he offered General Smith the office of Secretary of the Navy, which he declined, but consented to perform the duties of the office till some suitable person could be selected. For the six months of service which he rendered he refused any com- pensation. As a Brigadier-General of the militia General Smith commanded the Maryland quota of troops, in the Whiskey Insurrection, under General Lee. During the war of 1812 he held the rank of Major-General of militia, and was appointed to the chief command of the forces for the defence of Baltimore. His energy, pru- dence, and bravery were signally manifested on the occa- sion of the attack, made by the British, September 12, 1814, where both their army and fleet were discomfited. The gallant defence of Fort McHenry on that occasion was immortalized by Francis S. Key, in his stirring lyric, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”” In the summer of 1835, during a popular commotion in Baltimore, consequent on the failure of a banking institution, supposed to be fraudu- lent, his military services were called into requisition for the last time. The laws were trampled upon by an en- raged mob, the public authorities contemned, and the property of the Mayor and other citizens wantonly de- stroyed. After other efforts had failed to suppress the outbreak, a committee waited on General Smith, then in his eighty-third year, to attempt the pacification of the city. The veteran hero of two wars made his appearance in the streets, carrying the United States flag, rallied the overawed inhabitants, charged the rioters, and restored tranquillity. In October of that year General Smith was chosen Mayor of the city, almost by acclamation, and held the office till near the time of his decease, which took place April 22, 1839, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. The manner of his death was remarkable. He had re- turned from a morning ride, and threw himself upon a sofa for repose, where, soon after, he was found dead by the servant that entered his apartment. Thus full of years and honors he passed peacefully away. Every respect was paid to the memory of the deceased by the resolutions of the City Councils, and different military and civic bodies, and by the adjournment of the courts, and in the public arrangements for his funeral. Cavalry in front, followed by the infantry and artillery, preceded the funeral car, which was drawn by four white horses, and flanked on either side by mounted dragoons. A long line of car- riages followed in procession, in which, besides the friends of the deceased, were the President of the United States and heads of Departments, the Governor of Maryland, the Mayor and members of the Councils, and officers of the corporation of Baltimore, the Society of the Cincinnati, Judges of the different courts, officers of the army and navy, members of Congress and the Legislature, Consuls, and others. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. G¥eW ANN, THomas, is a native of Alexandria, Virginia, Ss and was born about the close of the first decade of the nineteenth century. He is a descendant of “Y some of the most distinguished people of his native State. His father was a prominent lawyer of Wash- ington, and during the administration of President Monroe, and for some time after, was United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. Thomas was educated in Wash- ington and at the University of Virginia. On leaving the University, he entered his father’s office as a student at law, and while still a young man, during the administra- tion of President Jackson, he was sent abroad as Secretary of the United States Commission to Naples. In 1834 Mr. Swann married Miss Sherlock, daughter of an English gen- tleman, and granddaughter of Robert Gilmor, one of the most prominent men in Maryland at that time. Several children were the fruits of this union. One of his daughters married Ferdinand C. Latrobe, present Mayor of Baltimore (1879). Soon after his marriage he removed to Baltimore and established his residence there. Though not a Mary- lander by birth, he immediately took an active interest in the great works of internal improvement then projected and in progress in his adopted State. He was elected a Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company in 1845, and two years afterwards its President, to fill the va- cancy caused by the resignation of the Hon. Louis McLane. The company was at that time contending with apparently insurmountable difficulties, both natural and financial, the former owing to the rugged and mountainous nature of the country through which it passed, and the latter, to the embarrassed condition of the city and State treasuries. In his election to the presidency, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company manifested its appreciation of the tal- ents and energies of Mr. Swann, at that crisis in its affairs. His continuance in that position until the completion of the road to the Ohio River, proved that the choice and the verdict of public opinion in approbation of the choice which greeted his election, was fully justified. He di- rected all his energies to the accomplishment of the work he had undertaken; and when the road was completed to the Ohio, in 1853, after a disbursement of more than thir- teen millions of dollars, he resigned his position. In ac- cepting his resignation, the Board of Directors passed reso- lutions expressive of their regret, and appointed a com- mittee of three prominent gentlemen to communicate to Mr. Swann the thanks of the Board for his able adminis- tration of the affairs of the company. Perhaps no man ever retired from a public position upon whom so many and such well-merited compliments were bestowed. The committee, in their letter communicating to Mr. Swann the resolutions of the Board, said: “« We would but imperfectly discharge our duty, if we did not add our individual and personal testimony to the great value of the services which you have rendered the company, whilst surrounded by every species of difficulty, physical, political, and pecu- 239 niary. Man has triumphed over the mountains, whose lofty summits and deep chasms appeared to forbid every species of transit. The little streams which meandered through the deep gorges of the Alleghanies seemed to be the only moving things allowed by nature to interrupt her profound silence, until human skill and boldness, under your decisive management, pierced the hills and spanned the ravines. In looking back upon the history of the past four years, we find in every part of it abundant evidences of your intelli- gence, and firmness, and integrity.” Charles Ellet, an en- gineer of the highest professional reputation, in urging Philadelphia to complete the Hempfield Railroad, at the time when the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was being vigorously pushed forward to completion, under the man- agement of Mr. Swann, said: “ That company is moving now under an administration such as has never before di- rected its progress. Bold, eloquent, and confident; a gen- tleman of open and unconcealed address; their able and efficient President plans, resolves, and acts. Sustained by an engineer at once skilful, experienced, energetic, and cautious, his action is always direct, and always successful. I know these people, for I have encountered them and measured their strength.” Mr. Swann next accepted the presidency of the Northwestern Virginia Railroad Company, the charter of which had been obtained through his efforts. This road is part of the great air-line from Baltimore to Cincinnati, and is now a section of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It strikes the Ohio River at Parkersburg, and crosses that river on a very magnificent and sub- stantial iron bridge. That road was completed under Mr. Swann’s administration. During his incumbency of this presidency, Mr. Swann visited Europe, and spent sev- eral months travelling in England and on the continent. In 1856 he was elected Mayor of Baltimore, and re-elected in 1858. He introduced many improvements which have been of great and lasting benefit. Notably among these are the reorganization of the Fire Department, substituting the paid for the volunteer system, and the splendid steam fire engine for the old hand machine; and the Police and Fire Alarm Telegraph, a novel experiment then, but now in common use in all the large cities. The system of water-works, by which Baltimore receives an abundant supply of pure water, is due to his administration, together with the present jail of great size and imposing architec- ture. Through the suggestions of Mayor Swann, the City Council granted to companies making application, per- mission to lay tracks and run cars through the streets of Baltimore for the convenience of the citizens. To this privilege was annexed the condition that the company undertaking the enterprise should pay into the city treasury a certain proportion of its “gross earnings, which sum was to be appropriated to the purchase and adornment of public parks. It is, therefore, to the administration of Mayor Swann that the public is indebted for Druid Hill Park, the pride of Baltimore and the admiration of stran- 240 gers. When the war between the States began in 1861, Mr. Swann, a Virginian by birth, and at one time a large slaveholder, who had emancipated his slaves several years before the war, took strong ground against the secession of the South, and during the entire conflict remained a firm partisan’ of the Union. In 1863 he was elected Presi- dent of the First National Bank of Baltimore, holding the position until 1864. During the latter year he was elected by the Union party Governor of Maryland, and on January 1, 1865, he took his seat as successor to Gov- ernor Bradford. On the close of the war he supported the policy of President Lincoln, believing it would effect a speedy restoration of the Union, and on the accession of Mr. Johnson to the Presidency, Mr. Swann strongly advo- cated his plan of reconstruction. In the first year of his governorship he renounced his allegiance to the Re- publican party and joined the Democrats, by whom he was elected United States Senator. He did not, however, ac- cept the position, preferring to remain Governor of Mary- land. In November, 1868, Mr. Swann was elected by the Democratic party as Representative of the Third Congres- sional District of Maryland in the Congress of the United States, receiving thirteen thousand and fifty-six votes, against five thousand six hundred and sixty-seven for Mr. King, Republican. In 1870 he was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, receiving fifteen thousand one hun- dred and thirty-seven votes, against ten thousand four hun- dred and fourteen for W. Booth, Republican. In 1872 he was again elected to the Forty-third Congress, receiving twelve thousand one hundred and forty-eight votes, against ten thousand eight: hundred and eighty-six votes for E. Griswold, Republican. In 1874 he was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, receiving ten thousand two hun- dred and forty-four votes, against six thousand eight hun- dred and ten for J. R. Cox, Republican. In 1876 he was elected to the Forty-fifth Congress, receiving fifteen thou- sand two hundred and fifty-nine votes, against twelve thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight for J. H. But- ler, Republican. During the Forty-fourth and Forty- fifth Congress Mr. Swann has been Chairman of the Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs, and when his party was in the minority in previous Congresses he was on several of the most important committees. When he addresses the House he is listened to with the deference and attention which is uniformly accorded to the comprehensive views and cor- rect judgment of a legislator and statesman. The powerful influence he wields among his fellow-members, and the weight given to the measures which he originates and advo- cates, afford ample proof of the high estimate entertained of his ability. Governor Swann is a very wealthy man. He has a fine establishment on Thirty-eighth Street, near Fifth Avenue, New York, « splendid residence in Wash- ington, a villa at Newport, and a handsome house in Baltimore. He also has three fine estates near Leesburg, Virginia. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. : (i MAUGHAN, CapTaINn ROBERT, came to Kent d fz County, Maryland, in 1642, from St. Mary’s < County, where he had resided, in St. George’s : Hundred, for at least four years. On April 18, 1647, { he was appointed Commander of Kent County by Governor Leonard Calvert, and, “being found very faith- ful and well-deserving,”” was re-commissioned, August 12, 1648, by the Lord Proprietary. He represented Kent County in the General Assembly of Maryland in 1642, 1649, and 1661. He was a fearless and outspoken advocate of the independence and prerogatives of popular legislative bodies, and on July 18, 1642, made the celebrated motion, the turning-point in the colonial legislative history of Maryland, which is thus recorded: “ Robert Vaughan, in the name of the rest, desired that the House might be sep- arated, and’ the Burgesses to be by themselves, and to have a negative.’ It was not granted bythe Lieutenant-General, but it appears that he finally triumphed, for on April 6, 1650, the Legislature sat in two houses. He was a Privy Councillor in 1649 and 1650. He was one of the Protest- ant majority in the Assembly of 1649 that voted for and passed the famous “ Act Concerning Religion.” He died in 1668. He had three children, Charles, William, and Mary. His daughter, Mary Vaughan, married Major James Ringgold, of Huntingfield, and was the mother of William Ringgold, whose daughter, Susanna, married Benjamin Wiekes, and is now represented by the Wiekes family in Chestertown. rt Oh WHAYER, RALPH, was born in Williamsburg, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, September 1, 1805. His parents, Stephen and Martha (Pack- a ard) Thayer, were both natives of the same county. His paternal ancestors emigrated from Yorkshire, England, early in the seventeenth century. In the ma- ternal ancestry were the names of Curtis, Washburn, How- ard, and Perkins. Both grandfathers participated in the French and Revolutionary wars, and were at Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Frontenac, and other engagements. They witnessed the fall of young Lord Howe, and afterward en- gaged in the war for independence. During the latter war, the paternal grandfather served as captain, distinguishing himself by his personal bravery, and received complimen-_ tary notice from his superiors. The family removed in 1818 to Alleghany County, Maryland, which was then. very thinly settled, and almost destitute of schools and churches, From that time the education of young Ralph was mostly self-attained. He early developed a passion- ate fondness for reading and the pursuit of knowledge, but the number of books to which he could gain access was very limited. He spent his youth in agriculture, varying the monotony of farm life with occasional fishing and econ : cS BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. hunting, the abundance of game at that time rendering that section the paradise of sportsmen. Young Thayer spent the long winters mostly in study, and as he grew older, in teaching school. After attaining his majority he went to Petersburg, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged until 1837, as salesman and book-keeper. He then re- moved to Selbysport, Alleghany County, Maryland, and entered into mercantile business in connection with farm- ing, which he followed until 1863, when he removed to Oakland. But during the interim, from 1848 to 1862, he filled the office of Postmaster at Selbysport, from 1862 to 1866, he was Assessor of Internal Revenue, and in the ses- sions of 1841, was Delegate to the General Assembly of Maryland.’ He rendered important service in establishing the school system in that portion of Alleghany County which is now included in Garrett, and was Commissioner of Public Schools from 1865 to 1867, during which time he established thirty-three new schools in the various dis- tricts of the county. He was appointed Deputy Marshal, and took the ninth census in the Western portion of Al- leghany County in 1870, under Marshal E. Y. Goldsbor- ough. He was appointed Postmaster at Oakland in 1875, of which office he is still the incumbent. In the Order of Odd Fellows he filled every position from Warden to D.D. G.M. His Lodge was closed at the breaking out of the civil war, and has not since affiliated with any other. In early manhood Mr. Thayer inclined to Universalism, but has now been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for thirty-eight years. He is a Republican of the old Jef- fersonian principles; was an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, and was identified with the old-line Whig party from its birth to its demise. He was married in April, 1838, to Mary H., daughter of John Mitchell, of Addison, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Mr. Thayer is thoroughly informed on almost every subject; he converses fluently and well, but with extreme precision. He is direct and pointed in manner, exceedingly practical, and highly respected and esteemed by all who know him, hy (0, CMASTER, Hon. SAMUEL SCHOOLFIELD, was born oy] e s! . in Worcester County, Maryland, November 11, we 1818. His parents were Samuel and Ann Bayley (Merrill) McMaster. His grandfather, Rev. Samuel McMaster, a Presbyterian minister, of Scottish descent, emigrated from Pennsylvania during the last century, and settled in Worcester County, Mary- land. He officiated in the churches of his denomination, in that county and Somerset, until his death, which oc- curred in 1811. He was a man of great excellence of character. The education of Samuel S. McMaster was obtained by attendance at the schools of the neighborhood, 241 during the winter months only. At the age of thirteen he became clerk in a country store at Wagram, Accomac County, Virginia, the proprietor of which was the late John U. Dennis, father of the Hon. George R. Dennis, United States Senator, and also of the Hon. James U. Dennis, State Senator for Somerset County, Maryland. He remained at Wagram until the spring of 1836, when he determined to seek his fortune in the West. His first pause in his travels was on the banks of the Mississippi, where the city of Dubuque now stands. Penniless and in debt, he found himself in a wild, rough country, and in the midst of a reckless and immoral people. Sunday was a day of frolic, celebrated by horse-racing, rifle-shooting, and house-raising. The day after his arrival he obtained a situation in a drygoods store, and remained about eighteen months. He then received an offer as clerk in the store of Colonel Samuel Sheppard, of Palmyra, Marion County, Missouri, which he at once accepted. He found the society and all his new surroundings much superior to those he had left. He remained in this place until August, 1839, when he visited his old home. His father having died during his absence, and finding his mother much opposed to his returning West, he deter- mined to settle in his native county, believing that by in- dustry, economy, and fair dealing, he could there make a living and enjoy life as well as in any other portion of our favored land. Accordingly, in October, 1840, he com- menced mercantile business at Cottingham’s Ferry, on the Pocomoke River, Worcester County, Maryland, in which he has continued to the present time. He has also had a considerable interest in vessels and in farming. From his boyhood, Mr. McMaster had been warmly attached to the old Whig party, and adhered to it as long as it maintained a separate existence. In 1846 he was nominated and elected on the Whig ticket as a member of the House of Delegates for Worcester County. In 1850 he was elected by the same party, as a delegate from the same county, to the State Constitutional Convention of that year. At this Convention the Constitution was changed, and the Legis- lative sessions were made bi-annual instead of annual; also, the three Judge system was abolished, and the one Judge system substituted. After the extinction of the Whig party, Mr. McMaster was for a short time a member of the Native American Party, by which he was elected in 1857 to fill the vacancy in the State Senate caused by the resignation of Dr. Hilling R. Pitts. During this session the inauguration of Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks took place. In 1858 Mr. McMaster was a candidate for the full term of State Senator, but was defeated by Hon. Teagle Townsend. The entire ticket was also defeated. In 1862 Governor Bradford placed him on his staff with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. The Constitutional Con- vention of 1864 inaugurated a general system of free schools for the entire State, and in 1865 Colonel McMaster was appointed by the State Superintendent of Education, 242 a member of the County Board of School Commissioners for Worcester County, which position he held for three years, and declined a reappointment. During the time of his services as County School Commissioner, the High School building at Newtown, now Pocomoke City, was erected, which enterprise received his warm approval and active assistance. In 1867 the people of the State demanded another change in their organic law, and another Convention was called to frame a new Constitution. To that Convention Colonel McMaster was nominated and elected by the Conservative Democratic party of Worcester County. In the faithful discharge of his duties as a dele- gate, his sole aim and desire was to be of service to the people of his native State, and his course was regarded by all his friends with great satisfaction. is now and has been for a number of years, a Conservative Democrat. During the war he warmly espoused the cause of the Union. In his infancy he was baptized in the Presbyterian Church, and carefully trained by his parents in the doctrines and tenets of that faith. But the studies and reflections of his mature years led him to adopt somewhat different teachings, and on October 17, 1858, he became a member by confirmation of the Protestant Episcopal Church, since which time, while warmly regarding all the other Orthodox denominations, he has been a supporter of that faith. On April 28, 1840, he was united in marriage with Ann Eliza, daughter of Isaac S. Johnson, and granddaughter of Grace Cotting- ham, with whom she was residing at the time of her mar- riage. Six children, three sons and three daughters, were the fruits of this union. The eldest daughter is now the wife of C. C. Lloyd; two of the sons, William S. and Francis J., are members of the legal profession, and the other son, Edgar W., is in business with his father. Col- onel McMaster’s wife died November 24, 1863. TEWART, Coty, eldest son of John Duncan S Stewart, was born in Baltimore, February 28, 1851. ax His mother was Eliza (Griffith) Stewart. He at- ¥* tended the private schools of his native city till he was eight years of age, after which, until his fifteenth year, he attended the Academy of Bel Air, in which place he was under the care and guardianship of his grandfather, John Stewart. At the age of fourteen, returning to his home in Baltimore, he entered the hardware store of King & Huppman, where he remained six years. Having an uncle, Anthony Griffith, who went to California in 1849, he had a great desire to join him, and on November 18, 1871, left home for that purpose. Arriving safely, he en- gaged with his uncle in the shipment of pickled salmon to Sidney, Australia. These salmon were taken from the Colonel McMaster’ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Sacramento, and from the Rogue River, Oregon. Entering heartily into the business, as was his nature in all that he undertook, he remained until the 8th of the following August, when receiving a dispatch informing him that his father had been thrown from his carriage, and very seriously injured, he at once returned home. On his arrival he took an active part in the extensive livery business owned and conducted by his father, and in 1875 assumed the full charge of it. In August, 1876, Mr. Stewart entered into partnership with Mr. George W. Mowen, formerly of Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, in the furnishing undertaking busi- ness, in which they have met with remarkable success. Mr. Stewart has invented an ice casket for the preservation of bodies, which is the most perfect and reliable of any in use. He also is the discoverer of a process of embalming by means of a harmless fluid which he inserts through the femoral artery, and does not mutilate the body in the least. Though he has used it for two years it has never failed in a single instance to accomplish perfectly the end desired. The livery business has now been in the family for three generations, and since its earliest establishment has held its place as the largest and the foremost business of the kind in the city of Baltimore. Mr. Colin Stewart has travelled extensively. He maintains the high character for which the family has always been remarked. He is a member of the Oriental Lodge of Masons, and of the Society of St. Andrews. Wy EYNOLDS, JosEpu, was born in Baltimore, Mary- AN: land, in 1815. The pioneers of his family to “this country were two brothers, of Welsh birth, Ds. who settled in Pennsylvania about 1600, the imme- p diate ancestor of the subject of this sketch locating in Maryland, in the early part of the seventeenth century, He purchased lands in Anne Arundel County, of that State, and became an extensive farmer. Joseph’s grand- father removed to Martinsburg, Virginia, where the former’s father, Isaac Reynolds, was born. The latter removed to Baltimore in 1800, where he established himself in mer- cantile business, dealing originally in flour and grain, and subsequently engaging in the provision trade on a very ex- tensive scale, with wide Western connections. In 1845 he associated with him his two sons, Joseph and John Reynolds, under the firm name of Isaac Reynolds & Sons. Isaac Reynolds died in 1848, and his son John did not long survive him. Joseph continued to conduct the busi- ness under the above firm name, transferring shortly after his father’s demise an interest therein to Augustus C. Pracht, who retained the same until the business was closed up in 1863. After an interval of five years Joseph Rey- nolds established in connection with his former partner, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Augustus C. Pracht, an extensive manufactory of fertilizers for the cotton States, and prosecuted the same until 1875, when he retired from active business and has since devoted -himself to the management of his own and his family’s property. To Mr. Joseph Reynolds is the city and county of Baltimore mainly indebted for that magnificent avenue that stretches from its northern boundary towards Tow- sontown, known as Charles Street Avenue. He was the principal person in its opening, laying out, grading, paving, and completion. He purchased extensive lands along the site thereof, upon portions of which he erected handsome and valuable improvements, and disposed of the remainder to gentlemen of wealth and taste, which led to the rapid development of the section of country traversed by the avenue. Mr. Reynolds also advocated the location of Lake Roland in connection with the Charles Street Ave- nue improvement. In addition to that enterprise he has built several handsome private structures in Baltimore city. In 1843 he married Miss Lucy Harrison Este, daughter of the late Judge David K. Este, a prominent and wealthy citizen of Cincinnati, Ohio, and granddaughter of General William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States. Mr. Reynolds’s mother was Miss Mary Hoffman, daughter of a wealthy German gentleman, who settled in Maryland during the latter part of the eighteenth century. He has had seven children, six of whom are living, four sons and two daughters. Mr. Reynolds has always led a quiet, retired life, holding himself aloof from all political strifes or positions. He is remarkably domestic in his habits and inclination, devoting his time and attention mainly to his family. He possesses a fine art and literary taste, and is an easy and polished writer. His personal integrity has never been brought into question, and his charities have been of the most liberal character. For many years he has been a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, hold- ing the office of vestryman therein, and contributing munif- cently to its support. One of his sons, the Rev. Joseph Reynolds, is a clergyman in that Church, and is officiating in Baltimore. é% yOLF, Marcus, was born December 21, 1779, in the ‘ ) 3 village of Apinrod, County of Hochenburg, "Rasa Duchy of Nassau, Germany. His parents, Lewis and Lehna Wolf, lived in a modest way. In order to avoid being conscripted into the army, to secure greater political freedom, and to better his finan- cial condition, he decided to emigrate to America. On August 31, 1818, he left his native land, and in company with about twenty others from the same locality, went to Amsterdam, whence, in about ten days, he sailed in the ship Superb for Baltimore, which place he reached after a safe voyage of fifty-three days. He landed with two 243 dollars and fifty cents in his pocket, and not understand- ing a word of the English language, he felt very much embarrassed. Finding some Germans, he made inquiry after an uncle, a step-brother of his mother, who had for a number of years lived in Baltimore, and who had repeat- edly written home glowing accounts of his adopted country _and his own wealth. Ascertaining that his residence was at Owing’s Mills, in Baltimore County, he went there and was greeted with a hearty welcome. Soon afterward, however, he discovered that his uncle was morose and tyrannical in his disposition, and his treatment of him be- came so intolerant that he left the place to look after a situation in the city. His stay with this relative was not without some good fruit, as he there acquired such a know]- edge of the English language as to be able to speak it ‘with considerable fluency. Desiring to get work in the butchering business, to which he had been trained, he went to Baltimore, at the Lexington Market, where he found a man who agreed to take him on trial. He soon found that the manner of performing the work in this country was so different from that at home that he could do but little more than look on. But being determined to succeed, he soon became a very good workman, and his employer, who had taken him on trial, engaged him to re- main. At the end of the first month he had been so dili- gent, and had become so proficient in his business, that he was engaged by another butcher. Before a month expired, however, he had so ingratiated himself with his employer that he was engaged for a period of two years, and a part of the time was allowed him for study. After serving several other employers with continued success, he formed the acquaintance of an honest young man of about his own age, and a journeyman in the same business as that in which he was engaged, with whom he determined to enter into partnership. Mr. Wolf had seventeen dollars and his partner twenty-four. But Mr. Wolf succeeded in borrow- ing thirty dollars from a friend, making his capital forty- seven dollars, which, together with that of his partner made the capital of the firm seventy-one dollars. With this amount they went to the stock yards and bought four steers for fifty dollars. On these they made a very good profit, and continued to do a successful business together for about four years, during which time they had purchased a stall for each, with all the necessary appurtenances of the business, and had a surplus for division besides. About this time, April 29, 1824, Mr. Wolf married Miss Sarah Legare, of Baltimore. His partner, having also married, and both being well established in business, it was thought best for the interest of both parties the part- nership should be dissolved, and each party act independ- ently. This was accordingly done, and the friendship of the two continued unbroken until death. Mr. Wolf con- tinued to largely prosper in business, although having met with some pretty heavy losses from depositing money in banks and personal securities, which induced him to 244 purchase real estate, in which his capital was almost entirely invested at the time of his death. He con- tinued in active business until June 1, 1857, when he gave it up to his oldest son, Alonzo, who continued it in the same successful way as his father. At the age of fifty-seven, the senior retired with a very handsome com- petence. In a few months thereafter he sailed for Eu- rope, and visited England, Belgium, Germany, Switzer- land, and France, and after a delightful tour returned to Baltimore. He had eight children, several of whom died after reaching maturity, and four of whom survived him. His death occurred suddenly—almost without a moment’s warning. He did not give evidence of a rapid decline, but was on the contrary still very active for his age, and was able to look after all his personal affairs without as- sistance. He was firm in his political views, and always upheld Democratic doctrines, which were frequently an- nounced from the hustings, owing to his ability and readi- ness to express his opinions with argument and force; he was quite a leader in his party. He was considered the ablest and most fluent debater of the Jefferson Debating Society of Baltimore, which was composed mainly of the very best and most intellectual citizens. He was twice nominated for the City Council, and once for the Legis- lature; but he strenuously declined all political honors, whether public or private. He was an active mem- ber of the Murray Institute, to which he gave con- siderable attention, and often debated questions with some members who have lived to be favored citizens of Baltimore in all the professions and branches of busi- ness. His love of metaphysics induced him to publish a small pamphlet entitled, AZ@imd nor Jdeas Innate. This work declared very fully his ideas of religion, which were very liberal, and to many persons unpopular, as they were contrary to general belief on that subject, and did not harmonize with all church-going people. He was, never- theless, greatly beloved and respected by all who knew him. He died, August 21, 1875, after having attained a mature old age, and having seen his two sons, Alonzo Lewis and Marcus Wilton, successfully engaged in busi- ness for themselves. Mr. Wolf was, in the strictest sense, a self-made man. In youth, few had to struggle with greater obstacles—few under such difficulties so persist- ently cultivated the best qualities of head and heart. Re- spected and loved by all who knew him, he left behind him an undying reverence for his many good qualities. &, ILLER, CHARLES W., M.D., was born in Lovetts- a al ville, Loudon County, Virginia, October 6, 1852. He is the second son and second child of Colonel A.T.M. and Lydia M..(Stuck) Filler, His father was born in Ohio in 1821. is a man of great wealth and business capacity; he The paternal grandfather of Dr, Filler was sheriff of Perry County in that State, and fb BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Philip H. Sheridan, Sr., father of General Philip H. Sheridan, was in his employ, driving a cart on the high- way. ‘The sheriff had a high-spirited horse, so wild and unmanageable that no one dared to ride him. Young Philip said he would ride him without saddle or bridle, and he accomplished the feat. He looked so finely on horseback that it was generally remarked that he would make a splendid cavalry officer, and a petition was numer- ously signed to get him admitted to West Point. During. the war, when Colonel A. T. M. Filler was exposed to the incursions and ravages of the Union army, he was so thoroughly protected while Sheridan was in his vicinity that he lost nothing. Afterwards when Sheridan was on his “ burning raid,’’ down the Shenandoah Valley, he did lose a great deal of property both from Northern soldiers and Confederates. There has always been a warm friend- ship between General Sheridan and the Filler family. Colonel Filler owns a great deal of land, and has been for many years engaged in the cattle business. He used before the war to ship great numbers of cattle to all the great markets, East and West. He has also made a great deal of money in the fertilizer business. He has now just entered on his second term of five years as Treasurer of Loudon County, an office that requires a bond of three hundred thousand dollars. He is a prominent politician, and was a delegate to the State Convention at Richmond in 1877, which nominated Governor Holliday. Dr. Filler attended the Lovettsville Classical Institute, from which he graduated when he was twenty years of age. After this he went to Alexandria, Virginia, for nine months, where he acted in his father’s interest as agent for the Patapsco Guano Company of Baltimore. In 1873 he entered the Maryland University of Medicine at Baltimore, from which he graduated M.D, in 1876. During the last twelve months of his course he was honored by the appointment as Clin- ical Assistant in the Baltimore Infirmary, and received a certificate of hospital practice from the faculty. On the conclusion of his studies he settled in Baltimore, where he has a good practice. He makes a specialty of diseases of the throat and lungs. Asa mark of the esteem and confi- dence in which he is held, it may be mentioned that he is a medical examiner for three first class Life Insurance Companies, the Berkshire Life Insurance Company of the State of Massachusetts, the Royal Beneficial Associa- tion of Baltimore City, and the United States Mutual Aid Society, also of Baltimore, and of which H. G. Stewart is President. In this last-named Company Dr. Filler is also a Director. SWaSsENSON, Cartes Westy, M.D., was born at ZA Black Rock, Baltimore County, Maryland, June 1, 1837. His parents were Reuben and Margaret (Adron) Benson, the latter of French parentage, and is still living in her seventy-fifth year, His fathet died in November, 1868, at the age of seventy-four. Both BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. were devoted Methodists from early life. His great- _ grandfather, Benjamin Benson, was born and brought up in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was in sight of the battle of Brandywine at the time it was progressing. His son James settled in Baltimore County, Maryland, where he spent the remainder of his life. When Charles Wesley Benson was one year old his father emigrated to Fairfax County, Virginia. Brought up to the labors of the farm, he could attend school only in the winter season, and then was obliged to walk four miles each way, going and com- ing. His early tastes and habits were studious and thought- ful. In his fourteenth year he united with the church of his parents, to which he still adheres. At the age of fifteen he was sent to Baltimore to further pursue his studies, but was not permitted to take the full college course. He early manifested a strong desire to study medicine, and at the age of nineteen his tastes were gratified in this respect. In 1858 he attended his first course of medical lectures in the University of Maryland. After his graduation in March, 1860, he received from his instructors the highest commen- dations, both in regard to character and ability. He com- menced practice at once in the city of Baltimore, but in the fall of the same year removed to Woodsboro, Frederick County, where he was more popular, and his services were in great demand. In September, 1861, he married Miss Emily Bennett, of a family of high social standing, and residing with her widowed mother in Carroll County. During the war the family were greatly annoyed by raid- ing parties from Virginia, and to be free from these incur- sions, Dr. Benson decided, in 1865, to remove to Littlestown, Pennsylvania; but the war closed a few days after he had disposed of his property in Woodsboro. However, he soon secured a very extensive practice in his new location. His wife died November 8, 1867, at the birth of her second child, Emma. Their eldest daughter, Fannie, is now in her fifteenth year, and has just entered the High School. In January, 1869, Dr. Benson married Miss Mary J. Barker, of Chester County, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a highly respectable farmer, who for many years was President of the Board of Commissioners for the county. In the autumn of the same year he removed to the city of Baltimore, hav- ing his office at 106 North Eutaw Street, where he still con- tinues. Soon after this removal, in the course of his prac- tice, his attention was particularly directed to skin diseases, of which, in connection with nervous disorders, he has from that time*made a specialty. Gradually giving up all other practice he now devotes himself entirely to this department of medicine. As early as 1867 he had begun to experi- ment with his celery and chamomile pills in the treatment of nervous diseases, using them only privately among his patients, but in March, 1873, the Baltimore Zpdscopal Methodist published an editorial account of them, which caused a general demand for them. Dr. Benson is a gen- ‘tleman of excellent character, pleasant manners, and supe- rior professional skill. By his second marriage he has 32 245 four sons. He has always been a Democrat in politics. Since 1868 he has been a member of the order of Free- masons, uniting with them in that year at Hanover, Penn- sylvania. Also about the same time he joined the order of Odd Fellows, at Gettysburg, but withdrew from that order after attaining the third degree. on CMON OORE, Jacos Faris, M.D., PH.D., was born in ey e ss Port Penn, New Castle County, Delaware, Feb- SGnOP ruary 20, 1826. His boyhood years were spent i in Elkton, Maryland, where he received a first- : class academic education. He removed to Balti- more in 1842, where he entered the pharmaceutical estab- lishment of the late Dr. George W. Andrews, who has been the preceptor of many of the most celebrated pharma- ceutists of Baltimore. He remained with Dr. Andrews for some six years, making himself thoroughly conversant with all manner of therapeutical agents, and graduating from the Maryland College of Pharmacy in 1847. After receiving his diploma, he continued to remain with Dr. Andrews for about two years, and then removed to Wil- mington, Delaware, where he established himself in the drug business, in which he continued for about three years. Whilst conducting that business, he entered upon a course of medical studies, and graduated with honor, as Doctor of Medicine, at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in the spring of 1849. At the expiration of the period above mentioned, he returned to Baltimore and established himself in the drug business, at the corner of Madison and Howard streets, in connection with J. K. B. Emory, under the firm style of Moore & Emory. In 1858, he dis- solved his partnership with Mr. Emory, since which time he has been conducting the drug business on his own ac- count. On the reorganization of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, in 1856, Dr. Moore was one of its corporators, and was elected as its first secretary. In March 21, 1861, he was elected Professor of Pharmacy in that institution, which position he has held from that year to the present time. On the resignation of the late Dr. George W. Andrews as President of the College, January 11, 1872, Dr. Moore was elected to that position, occupying it for three years. Under his administration the College flourished, and the standard of attainments was materially elevated. He has long been an active member of the American Pharmaceu- tical Association, and served as its President in 1863 and 1864. He brought before that scientific body many im: portant and valuable papers, among which was a “ Report of the Progress of Pharmacy,” which elicited the praise of the Association. He served twice on the Committee for the Revision of the National Pharmacopeeia. Dr. Moore’s father was Dr. Jacob Moore, who was a native of New Castle County, Delaware, where he successfully prao- 246 ticed his profession for many years. His grandfather, William Moore, was also a native of the same county. He married Rachel Boulden, sister of Levi, James, Jesse, and Nathan Boulden, well-known farmers of New Castle County. The doctor’s great-grandfather emi- grated from Derry, Ireland, and settled in that county. His mother was Sarah Sharp Faris, daughter of Jacob Faris, of Pencaddy Hundred, New Castle County, and granddaughter of William Faris, who came to America from England, and was the first English settler on what is known as the ‘ Welsh Tract’? in New Castle County. In December, 1853, Dr. Moore married Miss Mary Eliza- beth Rice, daughter of William Rice, a farmer of New Castle County, and granddaughter of Washington Rice, a highly respected merchant of Wilmington. The issue of that marriage was three children, of whom two are living, Estelle Rice and Clarence Faris Moore. Mrs. Moore died in 1866. Dr. Moore’s brother, Rev. William E. Moore, D.D., is a prominent minister of the Presbyterian Church, in Columbus, Ohio. He was a delegate to the Pan Pres- byterian Council, which assembled in Edinburgh in 1877. From his earliest manhood, Dr. Moore has taken an active interest in public affairs. In 1865 he was elected to rep- resent the Eleventh and Twelfth wards of Baltimore in the Second Branch of the City Council, in which capacity he served with great satisfaction for two years. Whilst a member of the City Council he was Chairman of the Com- mittees of Health, and Ways and Means. Under the ad- ministration of Mayor Chapman, he was appointed as one of the visitors at the city jail, and subsequently visitor to the Bay View Asylum, he being selected as the Chairman of the Board of Visitors to the latter Institution. He has been frequently solicited by the citizens of the Eleventh and Twelfth Wards, irrespective of party, to again consent to the use of his name as a candidate for the City Council, but he has invariably declined. His name was prominently associated with the Postmastership of Baltimore, under the present National Administration, for which position he was very strongly recommended by leading citizens of Maryland and Ohio, of all parties, the latter including many personal friends and neighbors of President Hayes, He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has been, for several years, an elder. He has represented the Presbyterian Church in four Annual Sessions of the General Assembly. He remained in the county of his nativity until he % was eighteen years of age, attending the best schools of the neighborhood. After spending some three years in Washington, D. C., Cumberland, and other places, he went to Baltimore in 1848, where he remained for a SONNELLY, DANIEL, was born in Hagerstown, 1) Washington County, Maryland, in April, 1827. 7 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. year and a half, when he went to California. He re- mained there four years, engaged in mining, trading, and house-building. After the expiration of that period he, in September of 1853, returned to Baltimore, where he en- gaged, the ensuing year, in the brick manufacturing busi- ness in South Baltimore, pursuing the same in that locality until 1868, when he removed to his present establishment at Greenwood on the Bel Air Road. He manufactures every kind of brick, except fire-brick. His yards are among the most extensive in Baltimore, embracing over ten acres of ground. He has filled many important con- tracts for furnishing brick to public structures, such as the Gas Works in South Baltimore, the Gas Works at Can- ton, House of Correction, Mount Hope Hospital, Caroline Street Nunnery, the building of the “ Little Sisters of the Poor,” Division Street, and various Catholic churches. His father was Patrick Donnelly, a native of County Ty- rone, Ireland, where his mother was also born. His par- ents came to America in 1817, and settled in Maryland in 1819. Mr. Donnelly married, in 1856, Miss Milholland, daughter of Arthur Milholland, a prominent citizen of Bal- timore. She is a sister of Dr. Edward F. Milholland, a talented physician of that city. Mr. Donnelly has four children living, two sons and two daughters. He is a modest, retiring gentleman, and remarkably urbane and pleasant in his manners. WV, AYWARD, Jonas HUTCHINSON, was born June yi \¥ . 23, 1815, at Milford, New Hampshire. He was ‘Ke ~—sthe fifth of seven children. His father was Ne- a hannah Hayward, formerly of St. John’s, New Brunswick, an Englishman, who settled at Wilton, New Hampshire, where he was for many years engaged in farming and merchandising. His mother was a Hutchinson, a native of Milford, New Hampshire, and a descendant of Ann Hutchinson, one of the “ Pilgrim Mothers,’’ whose history is associated with the early settlement of Rhode Island, Jonas’s life during his minority was spent almost wholly upon his father’s farm in New Hampshire, and it was here that he earned his first dollar, a silver one, which has been retained in the family as » useful souvenir, all of his children having cut their teeth upon it. His early educational advantages were limited almost entirely to his parents, who were both highly educated persons, and to them he is indebted for the proficiency which enabled him to teach in the district school of the neighboring town, which was the first profession he engaged in after leaving home. His natural determination and strength of charac- ter were strikingly illustrated in this, his first undertaking. As was customary in those days, many of the pupils being more advanced in years than their teacher, at an early day undertook to demonstrate to the young school-master that the school was to be conducted as they and not as he de- 248 With these exceptions, he has since confined himself to the practice of his profession. Mr. Nicholas was a partner of David Hoffman, a professor of law, two or three years. For a number of years he has been a Director in the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad Company, on the part of the State, and subsequently on the part of the stockholders. Mr. Nicholas is a member of-the First Presbyterian Church, which he has attended from an early period. He has been a Democrat all his life, but when Mr. Polk was nominated against Mr. Clay, he voted for the latter. He was married in the year 1834 to Mary Ann, a daughter of the late William Gilmor, of the well-known firm of R. Gilmor & Sons. He is a nephew of General Smith, and his mother was a niece of the distinguished Samuel Smith. At an early period he assisted J. H. B. Latrobe (who was a graduate of West Point Military Academy) in training one of the companies of the Fifth Regiment, and after- ward held the command of the Fifty-third Regiment of Maryland Militia, comprising a number of well-drilled companies, whose officers were among the best in that branch of military service. That regiment, co-operating with the Fifth and many prominent private citizens, who volunteered to meet the emergency, conducted itself with firmness and marked discretion, as well as great success in defence of the Carmelite nunnery in Aisquith Street, then imminently threatened by a large and infuriated mob. The defence was happily unattended by any violence or blood- shed, or cause for regret. land. He was the son of Samuel and Margaret *) Groome. His father was one of the church war- (2 dens of St. Paul’s Parish in 1726. He was reared an ® Episcopalian, and became a bright ornament of the Church. He was the Register of Chester Parish from Feb- ruary 4, 1766, until the day of his death, March 20, 1791. His son, Dr. John Groome, married, August 31, 1799, Mrs. Elizabeth (Black) Wallace, daughter of James and Jean- nette Wallace Black, and was the father of General John Charles Groome, who married, December 6, 1836, Eliza- beth Riddle Black, daughter of Judge James Rice and Maria E. Stokes Black, and died in Elkton, Maryland, November 30, 1866, leaving the following children: Hon. James Black Groome, Governor of Maryland, 1874-1876, and now United States Senator, who married Alice L. Edmondson, daughter of Colonel Horace Edmondson; Maria Stokes Groome, who married Hon. William M. Knight; Elizabeth Black Groome, who married Hon. Albert Constable; and Jane Sarah Groome, who married Dr. John Janvier Black. Cn CHARLES, was born in Kent County, Mary- NK BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Wn GILMOR SEMMES, was born, December ee (? 11, 1849, in Westernport, Alleghany County, “cw Maryland. He is the son of Honorable Patrick Hamill and Isabella Kight, both natives of that vicinity. His father filled many public positions of profit and trust in the State, having several times rep- resented his district in the Maryland Legislature, and also represented the Sixth Congressional District one term in Congress. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Patrick Hamill, was a Protestant Irishman, exiled from his native country during the great rebellion of 1798. Gilmor S. Hamill received his rudimentary education in the common schools of his native county, and in the year 1865 entered the Academy in Frederick County, Maryland, where he remained one year. The following three years _were spent at the Cool Spring Academy, Clark County, Virginia, and the University of Virginia, at Charlottes- ville, where he graduated in 1870. His studies embraced all the English branches, mathematics, law, and the clas- sics, his law studies being prosecuted in the University of Virginia. Mr. Hamill’s habits of life have always-been of an exemplary character, modest and retiring, and in- clined to shun public notoriety. Immediately on leaving school, at the earnest desire of his father, he entered the law office of J. H. Gordon, Esq., of Cumberland, to en- gage in the practical study of law. After his admission to the bar in 1871, he practiced law in Cumberland one year, and then removed to Oakland, where he soon built He was the first State’s Attorney for Garrett County, receiving his appointment from the court. He held the office one year and then re- signed. Mr. Hamill is a member of the Masonic frater- nity, and was raised to the degree of Master Mason in Potomac Lodge, number one hundred, in Cumberland, Maryland. He is an earnest and enthusiastic supporter of the principles of Democracy, and was Vice-President of the Tilden and Hendricks Club at Oakland. He has travelled extensively through different portions of the United States and parts of the Canadas, from which he derived material benefit. Mr. Hamill was early instructed in the doctrines of Methodism, but entertains very liberal views on religion. up a fair and lucrative practice. He is an earnest worker and advocate of Sunday-school interests, and is a teacher and also treasurer in the Presbyterian Sunday-school of Oakland. He was married, June 29, 1876, to Miss Lizzie Maria, daughter of James R. Bishop, Esq., of Oakland. Wiy PLLLIAMS, GrorceE Hawkins, A.B., was born in () 3 Baltimore, Maryland, in October, 1818. His ee father, George Williams, was a native of Rox- bury, Massachusetts, and a descendant of the Wil- liams family, celebrated in the early history of that State. Removing to Maryland, he married Elizabeth B., BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. daughter of Matthew Hawkins, of Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. Her family, equally celebrated, settled in that region, then known as Kent Island, previously to the grant of the charter to Lord Baltimore by King Charles. Mr. Williams was carefully educated and prepared to enter the University at Harvard, but before going there was required to serve eighteen months in the counting-room of a foreign shipping merchant. He had, however, no taste for mer- cantile life, and gladly escaped from it to the more con- genial atmosphere of the University. Graduating in 1839, he returned to his home and pursued his legal studies with the distinguished William Schley, a hard-working profes- sional man and an enthusiastic student. Almost from the time of his admission to the bar, Mr. Williams has taken the first rank among the lawyers of Maryland. He has also, notwithstanding all the exactions of his profession, kept up his classical studies in the retirement of his home, and preserved, unimpaired, his. proficiency in several of the modern lauguages. The Williams family, who had by fre- quent removals from Massachusetts to Baltimore, become quite numerous in the State, were some seventy years since among the leading and wealthiest merchants of that city, and were all of the straitest sect of Jeffersonian Demo- crats. In those doctrines Mr. Williams was carefully nur- tured, and to them he still steadfastly adheres. He also closely resembles his family in this, that while possessing most decided political opinions and convictions, he has care- fully abstained from seeking office or engaging in political life. He was, however, induced, in 1875, to be one of the candidates on the Democratic ticket, in Baltimore County, for the House of Delegates, but his party was not successful, He was again a candidate in 1877, when the entire Demo- cratic nominations were elected by large majorities. It was alleged, and was indeed true, that to him the chief inducement in entering the political field was not to seek distinction, but to use his influence to defeat the proposed extension of the city limits into his county, to which pro- ject he was implacably hostile. -In defeating this he was successful, as also in retaining the law on the statute-book, which continues to the Eastern Shore the right always to have one of the two United States Senators, Mr. Williams being chairman of the special committee, and writing the report in favor of this decision. Having accomplished what he desired, he retured at the termination of the ses- sion to the quiet routine of professional life. He was married in 1841 to Eleanor, the only daughter of John S. Gittings, one of the first bankers of Baltimore. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have seven children,—George May, the eldest, now practicing law in partnership with his father, graduated in 1872 from the College of St. John the Bap- tist, Oxford, England. All the sons have been educated in that country; the youngest is now studying at the Char- ter House. In the thoroughness, variety, and accuracy of his scholarship, Mr. Williams is an ornament’ to the university from which he graduated, the first in America. 249 In his profession he is able to cope with the most profound and intricate problems of the law, and to present his argu- ments to the jury with unusual force and eloquence. As a citizen, his honorable career has won for him the entire respect and confidence of the community; while person- ally, his easy, warm-hearted, and cordial manner has made him hosts of friends. County, Maryland, October 19,1819. His pater- nal ancestors were English, and were among the t earliest settlers of the State. His mother was of GK WeARRIS, Josepu, the third son of George and Mar- PL garet (Bush) Harris, was born in Baltimore } German ancestry, His father was a business man of en- terprise and ability, and held a high social position. His grandfather, Thomas a farmer in Baltimore County, bore also the same character, and was greatly re- © spected. Mr. Harris was educated largely at the public night schools. At the age of sixteen he took charge of a farm, which he worked successfully for three years. He then indentured himself to learn the tailor’s trade, at which he served three years, working a short time afterward as journeyman. He next engaged in cutting for the trade till 1847, when he started in business for himself, entering into a partnership which bore the name of Dulaney & Harris. The firm continued prosperously till 1860, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Harris carried on a flourishing business alone until 1866. Previously to the civil war he had beena States Rights man, and held those opinions until he saw there was a point to which they could be carried to the peril of the national life. On the memorable April 19, 1861, he took sides strongly with the Union forces, and from that time exerted himself strenuously to further the interests and maintain the integrity of the General Government. In his business, having much to do with supplies for the army, he prospered greatly while the war continued. During the year 1865 he had an office for nearly a year in Washington, where he settled the claims of many of the army officers. In the fall of 1866 he was appointed to a position in the Revenue Department in Baltimore city, as District Deputy, which office he filled faithfully and acceptably for about a year. This position he resigned in the fall of 1867, and returned to his busi- ness as merchant tailor on Eutaw Street, where he has since continued with a good degree of prosperity. Hav- ing previously taken a deep interest in public affairs, in promoting the draft, and providing for the families of soldiers, and becoming conspicuous as a Union man, Mr. Harris was, in the fall of 1864, elected by a heavy majority to the Legislature of the State for the year 1865, which was perhaps the most noted Legislature of Maryland under the new free Constitution. Both branches were strongly Republican, and upon its adoption of the amendment to Harris, 250 % the United States Constitution proposed by Congress, abolishing slavery in the United States, Mr. Harris moved the concurrence of the House in the resolution ratifying the amendment. Under a resolution introduced by him, he was made chairman of a committee of seven, to pre- pare a succinct statement in reference to the character and condition of the soil in different sections of the State, and of its peculiar adaptation to the various productions of agriculture; the proximity to market; the course and capacity of our navigable streams; the water powers, and facilities and materials for manufactures, and the mineral resources and deposits of the country. He prepared the report in an able manner, and the General Assembly ordered a large number of copies to be printed in the English and German languages, which were distributed extensively throughout the Northern and Western States, and had a most favorable influence in inducing large num- bers of people to settle in the State. About that time a strong influence was brought to bear, to effect the removal of the United States Naval Academy from Annapolis to Newport, Rhode Island. Mr. Harris exerted himself powerfully to prevent this removal, which he regarded as most injurious to the interests of the State and the nation, and succeeded in turning the tide in favor of re- taining the Academy at Annapolis, and in greatly enlarg- ing and beautifying the grounds. The enlargement was effected by a sale to the General Government of the southern portion of the present property. He also made a personal application to President Johnson, and secured the appointment of Admiral Porter as Superintendent of the Academy, under whose able management and pa- triotic spirit the school became not only flourishing, but a nursery of patriotism and of national honor, loyalty, and liberty. Admiral Porter remained in charge of the Academy until 1878. While in the Legislature Mr. Harris became the author of a new law in regard to the pay of the police of Baltimore, raising it to eighteen dollars a week. He took a deep interest in all measures designed to advance the commercial and agricultural interests of the commonwealth, all internal improvements, and in what- ever tended to maintain the financial honor and integrity of the State. He was one of the most active, earnest, faithful and useful members of that memorable Legislature. The existence of Perkins Spring Square, in Baltimore, is chiefly due to the enterprise and public spirit of Mr. Harris. For over twenty years, unavailing efforts had been made to have that square purchased by the city. Find- ing in 1872 that the grounds were about to be leased for building purposes, he at once interested himself in the matter, secured petitions, and brought so much influence to bear on the City Council, that the square was purchased and made a beautiful park. Within the inclosure is a spring, which discharges about forty gallons per minute of excellent water, slightly mineral, and which is resorted to for its supposed healthful qualities by the residents of many BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. blocks distant. The park itself is a very popular place of resort, particularly in the warm season. Mr. Harris has always been one of the commissioners. Mr. Harris hap- pily combines in mind and address those qualities which render him popular in social and political circles. He is a prominent member of many societies. Among the Odd Fellows he has been through all the offices up to the Chap- ter. He isa member of three Masonic orders, the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery, also of the United Order of American Mechanics, in which by two elections. he has been made State Councillor—the highest State officer in the order—his second term expiring February, 1879. He is also a member of the Strictly American Or- ganization—a society neither religious nor political; also of the Knights of Pythias, and the Heptasophs. In 1846 he married Miss Eliza A. Hobbs, of Baltimore, daughter of Samuel Hobbs, a prominent contractor and builder of that city. A daughter, Emma A., the only child of this mar- riage, died in 1860, when only eleven years of age. (0, G CCART, JoHN, was born in County Tyrone, Ire- SEK land, June 18, 1828. Two years later, in 1830, ood his parents, Lawrence and Ann (Owens) Mc- ; Cart, brought him to Baltimore, where they set- ot tled. His father was a hard-working, industrious man, supporting his family by his daily labor. Mr. and Mrs. McCart had six sons and three daughters, of whom four sons and two daughters are still living, and all of Their son John attended the public and private schools of that city, but for the most part his education was obtained at St. Patrick’s Private School, taught by Martin J. Kearney, who afterwards be- came a lawyer, a noted politician, and a member of the Legislature. At fourteen years of age young McCart left school, and was employed -for about a year in a drygoods store, when he bound himself by indentures to Boss & Hall, plumbers, with whom he remained till his majority, acquiring a full knowledge of all the details of the business. After his apprenticeship was concluded he worked for the same firm as a journeyman for five years. During that time his employers offered to set him up in business, but he declined assistance, and in 1854 started in business for himself, locating on the corner of St. Paul and Centre streets, where he still remains, meeting with good success. As a plumber he has done a great amount of work in Bal- timore. Mount Vernon Hotel, the State Penitentiary, the City Jail, Peabody Institute, and many other large build- ings attest his skilful workmanship. He employs about fifteen hands, to whom he always makes it a principle to pay the best wages. In 1862, besides carrying on his regular trade, Mr. McCart became interested with Mr. Henry Lee Kendell in the steam oyster business. That whom reside in Baltimore. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. was the first effort ever made to prepare oysters in that style for the retail trade of the city, and was very success- ful. Mr. McCart sold out his interest in 1866. He has for many years taken a deep interest in politics, endeavoring at all times to get honest men into office. In 1877 he was elected to the First Branch of the City Council, in which body he took his seat as the workingman’s candidate, and in which his course was conspicuously honorable and able. He is a member of the Democratic party and of the Cath- olic Church; was married April 1, 1856, to Bridget Ann Riley, of Baltimore, by whom he had five children, all of whom are living,—Mary Ann, James, Alice, John, Jr., and William. His two eldest sons work with him at the trade. His wife died March 1, 1864, and eight years afterward, February 23, 1872, he married Amelia Reed, also of Bal- timore. UINAN, PascaAL ALFRED, M.D., was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1832. Whilst he was an infant his parents removed with him to Phila- a delphia. There he attended various private schools up to the age of fourteen years, when he entered the celebrated Episcopal Academy, then conducted by the Reverend Alonzo Potter, D.D. He remained there for four years, and then commenced the study of medicine in the office of Doctor J. K. Mitchell, Professor of Thera- peutics in the Jefferson Medical College. After attending the lectures of that institution during one session, he was transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, and became a private pupil of William E. Horner, M.D., Professor of Anatomy. After attending » winter’s course of lectures at said college he removed to Baltimore with his parents, and matriculated at the University of Maryland. He en- joyed the rare advantage of being a private student of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith, and received his diploma as Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1851. After prac- ticing his profession for two years he entered the United States Army as a surgeon, serving therein until 1862, when he resigned the position, and resumed his private practice. In 1865 he was appointed surgeon on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Mail Steamship Line, between Baltimore and Liverpool, in which capacity he remained until the discontinuance of the line. In 1869 he was appointed Medical Director and Superintendent of the Navassa Phosphate Company at the island of Navassa, and served as such for the period of one year. Doctor Quinan’s father was Reverend Thomas Henry Quinan, who was born in Balbriggan, Ireland, in 1795, and came to America in 1817, settling originally in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Soon after locating in Baltimore he became the assistant minister of Christ Church, which was then under the pas- toral charge of Reverend Doctor John Johns, who was 251 subsequently Bishop of Virginia. He remained in that field of religious labor for many years, and was subse- quently appointed Agent of the Maryland State Bible Society in 1850, serving as such most zealously and faith- fully until 1868. He died in 1874, leaving behind him the record of a well-spent Christian life. Mr. Quinan was one of the oldest members of the Masonic fraternity in Maryland. His father, Doctor Quinan’s grandfather, was Chancellor Quinan, of Dublin, Ireland, Master of the Rolls. The family traces back for many centuries through a high and honorable line, and includes among its blood relatives the Emmets, Thompsons, Blakes and Russells. The doctor’s mother was Eliza Hamilton, daughter of William Henry Hamilton, one of the leaders of the United Irishmen of 1798 and 1803, in the rebellions of those years. Her maternal grandfather was Major John Russell, of the Ninety-third Highlanders. Dr. Quinan is a gentle- man of extensive and varied knowledge, a fine literary and classical scholar, and a most skilful and accomplished sur- geon and physician. 2. sy r.ARD, FRANCIS XAVIER, was born July 11, 1839, i C3 in the city of Baltimore, where his early youth sency was spent. He was a constant and diligent pu- ie pil in public and private schools. At the age of fourteen years he entered Georgetown College, Dis- trict of Columbia, where he remained for five years, at the expiration of which time he graduated with honor. Im- mediately after receiving his diploma he was appointed Secretary of Legation to Central America, under Presi- dent Buchanan’s administration, Alexander Dimmitry, the distinguished linguist and classical scholar of Louisiana, being the then United States Minister Resident at San Jose, Costa Rica. Mr. Ward had previously declined an appointment at large as cadet at West Point. Shortly after the arrest and execution of the famous filibuster, General Walker, young Ward returned from Central America, with dispatches from the United States Legation to Washington; after the presentation of which to the American Government, he resigned his secretaryship, and located in his native city, where, in 1861, he commenced the study of law in the office of the Honorable Charles J. M. Gwynn, Attorney-General of Maryland. During the memorable occurrence of April 19, 1861, when the Mas- sachusetts troops passed through Pratt Street, Baltimore, en route to the National Capital, Mr. Ward was a member of the battalion of Maryland Guards, a military organiza- tion of Baltimore. Whilst discharging his military duties on that occasion, he was severely wounded in the right hip, the ball being propelled with such force as to detach a portion of his hip-bone and enter the body of a citizen who was standing behind Mr, Ward, killing him instantly. Six weeks subsequent to the above events, Mr. Ward went 252 to Richmond, Virginia, where he assisted in organizing a company for the Southern service, which was afterwards knownas Company H, First Maryland Regiment, its officers being Captain William Murray, Lieutenant George Thom- as, Lieutenant Frank Xavier Ward, and Lieutenant Richard Gilmor. Upon the organization of that regiment Lieutenant Ward was apppointed its Adjutant, and served in that capac- ity until its disbandment in August of 1862; having served with the same, under Colonel Arnold Elzey, at the battles of Martinsburg, Bull Run, and during the famous Stone- wall campaign in the Virginia Valley, as also the seven days’ fight before Richmond. Subsequently Lieutenant Ward was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Major- General Elzey, and was afterwards assigned to the Stone- wall Brigade, then under the command of General James A. Walker, the present Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia. At the time of the capitulation of the Confederate forces Lieutenant Ward was attached to the staff of Major-Gene- ral Cadmus Wilcox, then commanding a division in Lieu- tenant-General A. P. Hill’s corps in the Army of Northern Virginia. After the war Mr. Ward returned to Baltimore and resumed the study of law in the office of Messrs. Brown & Brune, and when the constitutional disabilities were removed which had been imposed upon him on ac- count of his having served in the Southern army, he was admitted to the Baltimore bar. As a lawyer Mr. Ward has been eminently successful. He is an earnest, cogent, and eloquent speaker. He has been counsel for the Board of Registration of Voters from its establishment. From the earliest period of his professional career Mr. Ward has taken an active part in public and political matters. Asa member of tlie national Democratic party he has been one of the ablest defenders of its principles on the hustings in all the leading campaigns, national, State, and municipal. Not- withstanding he has been, for so many years, a warm and consistent advocate of his party, he has never been the re- cipient therefrom of any office of profit, though his name has been very prominently mentioned in connection with the State’s Attorneyship. Mr. Ward is the son of Mr. Wil- liam Ward, a highly respectable and wealthy merchant of Baltimore. In 1874 he married Miss Topham Evans, daughter of Matthew Topham Evans, a well-known law- yer and /itterateur. She is the last lineal descendant of Governor Johnson, the first Governor of Maryland after the colonies had achieved their independence. He was an intimate friend of George Washington, and nominated him as Commander-in-chief of the army. Mr. M. T. Evans’s father was the late Hugh W. Evans, who was many years President of the National Union Bank of Baltimore. Mr. Ward is a gentleman of pleasant and affable manners, and commands the respect and esteem of his professional brethren and the community generally. As a gallant sol- dier and officer of the cause in whose service so many of Maryland’s sons lost their lives, as a lawyer, scholar, and upright citizen, he occupies a high position. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. CCOMAS, ALEXANDER, was born near Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, February 27, 1821. ce Zoe His father, Preston McComas, and grandfather, ie Alexander McComas, were natives of the same @ county. The family were among the first set- tlers of the county. His father was elected High Sheriff of Harford County in 1833, and served for three years, to the entire satisfaction of the citizens. He married Hannah E. Gough, eldest daughter of Harry Gough, a native of England, who came to this country and settled at South Hampton, a well-known mansion near Bel Air. Her brother, Harry D. Gough, represented Harford County in the Mary- land Legislature fora number of years. He was also Clerk of the county about seven years. Harry Gough McComas, who was killed in the battle of North Point, and with Daniel Wells had the credit of killing General Ross, the British commander, was first cousin to Hannah E. Gough. The parents of Alexander were married October 10, 1809. They had eight children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fifth, he being the second son. His educational advantages, like those of most of the country boys of that day, were limited to the elementary English branches; and, as was the custom then, only availed of in the winter—the remainder of the year being given to work on the farm, or whatever else was needed. At thirteen years of age his father required him to make a selection of his future busi- ness. He promptly decided to be a gunmaker. His father brought him to Baltimore and placed him with C. C. C. O’Brien, a leading gunmaker, with whom he remained about six years, until Mr. O’Brien’s death. He then worked about three years in the same business with another gentleman. At the end of that time he found himself finan- cially no better off than at the beginning; he therefore concluded to begin business on his own account, and rented asmall portion of the warehouse No. 51 South Calvert Street, July 25, 1843, and opened a gunmaking establish- ment on a very limited scale. His business career has been one of great prosperity, and is the result of the honorable business policy through which he has maintained and steadily strengthened his reputation. He commenced busi- ness at his present stand with a capital of twenty-one dol- lars. His house is now, and has long been the most notable in that line of business in Baltimore. Both as an importer and manufacturer he has maintained the highest standard in all lines of goods, and has made his house famous as a depot for the best guns and sportsmen’s goods known in the world. The rifles and shotguns manufactured by Mr. McComas have been in use for thirty-five years, and are widely and favorably known all over this country and Europe, and the McComas heavy guns made expressly for buffalo, bear, deer, geese, and duck, are not excelled any- »Where in the world. At the Maryland Institute, Mr. Mc- Comas took the first premium and the first diploma for guns, a silver medal for gun-locks, a silver medal for rifles and pistols, and a gold medal for double-barrelled guns. His aN @ BNA ee BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. goods were also awarded a silver medal by the Metropoli- tan Mechanics’ Institute. Mr. McComas has travelled ex- tensively in the United States and Canada. Politically, he has been a Whig; during the civil war, a decided Union man. His mother died in 1831, when he was but ten years old, and, although nearly fifty years have passed since that event, her dying admonitions stand out before him as if written in letters of living light. He believes if mothers would bestow more attention on their sons in training them in the right way, to be just and honorable, there would be better and truer men in the land. He was married by the Rev. Henry Slicer, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, November 24, 1844, to Miss Mary A. Hahn, second daugh- ter of the late William Hahn. By this union he has three children living, one son and two daughters. His son Harry H. is associated with him in his business. a ( “ITCHELL, Rev. JAMES ARCHIBALD, was born 5 EXK = March 22, 1839, in the city of Philadelphia, ee Pennsylvania. He was the son of the Rev. R. | H. B. Mitchell, for many years a clergyman of the Diocese of Maryland, who, with the exception of eight years, spent the whole of his ministerial life in Maryland. He died in Elkton, in May, 1869, being at that time Rector of Trinity Church of that place. He was a very humble and unpretending man, but a man of fine talents. He endeared himself to those to whom he minis- tered by a faithful discharge of duty. His mother was Miss Susan, daughter of Archibald Binney, once a resident of St. Mary’s County, Maryland, but who afterwards re- moved to Philadelphia, where he died. The subject of this sketch, after a preliminary preparation, went to Char- lotte’ Hall, St. Mary’s County, in his fourteenth year, which institution was then under the direction of President Brown. He continued there for three years, when he was sent to St. James College, Washington County, Maryland, at that time under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Kerfoot, now the Bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He graduated from that institution with credit, in July, 1861, when he entered upon the study of theology under the Rev. Dr. Levin, at that time Rector at Chaptico. He was in Virginia during part of the civil war, pursuing his divinity studies under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Spar- row, who was then Professor in the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Virginia, which had been removed, at the breaking out of the war, from Alexandria to Staunton, Virginia. He went South with a half-formed purpose to enter the Confederate Army, but finding that he could proceed with his studies, he de- cided to avail himself of the opportunity to prepare him- self for his life work. He was ordained Deacon, in 1864, by Bishop Johns, in Grace Church, Richmond, and ap- 33 253 pointed by him to Cornwall Parish, Charlotte County, Virginia, to the rectorship of which he was elected six months thereafter. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1866 by Bishop Johns, in St. James Church, Richmond. While rector of that parish he served as Chaplain of the Church Home and Infirmary of Baltimore, the inducement being increased opportunities for study and service in the cause of the Church. He left Charlotte County, Virginia, in the autumn of 1867, and returning to Maryland, settled as Rector of Whitemount Parish, Talbot County. In 1873 he was elected Rector of St. Paul’s Parish, Centreville, Queen Anne’s County, where he still resides. Mr. Mit- chell married, January 10, 1871, Miss Mary, daughter of Samuel Kennard, of Talbot County, Maryland. She died four years after their marriage, leaving a memory fragrant with Christian virtues. An infant daughter, named Mary Kennard, is the fruit of this marriage. [decent MARSHALL, was born in Lancaster, QAP) Pennsylvania, March 30, 1836. His father, Wil- a liam Boone, was born in Washington, District of i Columbia, but went to Pennsylvania with his parents * at anearlyage. He was a lawyer by profession, and a man of distinction and ability. He was commissioner to Nicaragua, and afterward judge of the Supreme Court of New Mexico. He died in January, 1860. Mr. Boone was educated at Villa Nova College, Philadelphia, an institution under the charge of the Augustinian Order of the Roman Catholic Church. At an early age he showed a predilection for a professional life, and became fond of reading and liter- ary pursuits. Upon leaving college, in order to get a knowl- edge of business, he became for two years clerk in a large commercial house in Philadelphia. His father having ac- cepted an appointment as commissioner to Nicaragua, tendered him by President Fillmore in 1851, Mr. Boone sailed with him for that place. In less than a year, ill health compelled him to return with his father to the United States. Having studied law and then been admitted to the bar at Philadelphia, he practiced his profession in that city for one year. In 1854 he removed West and set- tled in the town of Fairfield, Jefferson County, Iowa, where he engaged in a successful law practice. In about a year, however, he was again called upon to accompany his father, this time to the Territory of New Mexico, where the latter had been appointed one of the justices of the Supreme Court by President Buchanan. They remained there fifteen months, when the health of his father failing, they returned in September, 1860. After the death of his father in 1860, Mr. Boone settled in St. Paul, Minnesota, where, with his brother, he engaged successfully in the practice of his profession. In September, 1861, he again returned to Philadelphia. Upon the breaking out of the civil war he entered the Federal Army as a Second Lieu- 254 tenant of infantry. In July, 1862, he was appointed Cap- tain and Assistant Adjutant-General, a position he continued to hold until the close of the war. He was twice breveted; once as Major, for long and meritorious service, and again as Lieutenant-Colonel, for gallant conduct at the battle of Gettysburg. During the war he was stationed in the East, principally on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia. Afterward he was stationed at Harper’s Ferry, West Vir- ginia. He was attached to Siegel’s command, and later to Hunter’s, at the celebrated raid up the Valley of Virginia. He participated in all the battles of Hunter’s campaign; the occupation of Staunton and Lexington; the tearing up of the railroad at Staunton; the retreat through the Kanawha Valley and return to Harper’s Ferry. After re- maining at the latter place six months, he was ordered to Baltimore, where he was stationed at the time of the assassination of President Lincoln, and assisted in the en- deavors to prevent the escape of Booth. At the close of the war Mr. Boone settled in Baltimore, and became one of its most prominent and respected citizens. He was often called upon to fill positions of trust and responsibil- ity. He was President of the Mount Vernon Company, organized for the manufacture of cotton sail duck, etc. ; a Director of the National Bank of Baltimore; Director of the Maryland White Lead Company, and of the Laurel Mill; a Manager of the Baltimore General Dispensary, House of Reformation, and Institution for Colored Child- ren; a Trustee of the Roman Catholic Cathedral, and of St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys; Vice-Pres- ident of the Society for the Protection of Children from Cruelty and Immorality; and a Protector of the Catholic Orphan Asylum. Mr. Boone was always a faithful and devoted adherent to the tenets and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, as were also his father and paternal grandfather. In his political views he formerly voted with the Democratic party, then became a war Democrat, and finally a Republican. He married, January 31, 1866, Sarah P., daughter of the late William Kennedy, a prominent and influential citizen of Baltimore. Mr. Kennedy was identified with many public enterprises, and was aman of solid worth and probity of character. He was one of the founders and a president of the Mount Vernon Mills. Mr. Boone died very suddenly at his resi-. dence, 26 Mulberry Street, Baltimore, January 23, 1879. He had six children, four daughters and two sons. G FOLDSBOROUGH, GOVERNOR CHARLES, was born oy July 15,1765, at Horn’s Point, Dorchester County, Maryland. He was the eldest son of Charles and * Anna Maria (Tilghman) Goldsborough. He was a member of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses of the United States, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. serving from December 2, 1805, to March 3, 1817. In 1818 he succeeded Honorable Charles Ridgely, as Governor of Maryland, and served until the appointment of Samuel Sprigg in 1819. He died, December 13, 1834. He mar- ried, first, September 22, 1793, Elizabeth Goldsborough, daughter of Robert and Mary Emerson (Trippe) Golds- borough. The fruits of this union were Elizabeth Green- bury Goldsborough, who married Honorable John Leeds Kerr, and Anna Maria Sarah Goldsborough, who married William Henry Fitzhugh. On May 22, 1804, Governor Goldsborough married Sarah Yerbury Goldsborough, daughter of Charles and Williamina (Smith) Goldsborough. Their children were Honorable William Tilghman Golds- borough, who married Mary Eleanor Lloyd, daughter of Governor Edward Lloyd; Williamina Elizabeth Cadwala- der Goldsborough, who married William Laird; Mary Tilghman Goldsborough, who married William Golds- borough; Caroline Goldshorough, who married Philip Pen- dleton Dandridge; Richard Tilghman Goldsborough, who married Mary Henry, and Charles Fitzhugh Goldsborough, who married Charlotte Henry. Kine ANN, Harry E., the only son of Ernest and Sophia W. (Eisenbrant) Mann, was born in Bal- Ba timore, August 2, 1851. His father was from ? an old and substantial family in Pennsylvania, and has resided in Baltimore since his early youth, Mrs. Mann is the daughter of Christian H. Eisenbrant, who came to Baltimore from the city of Goettingen, in Hanover, to avoid being pressed into the military service of the first Napoleon. Harry E. Mann was sent to the pri- vate school of Reverend Henry Scheib in his native city, and received his classical education at Georgetown Col- lege, District of Columbia. On leaving college he com- menced the study of law in the office of Brown & Brune, of Baltimore, and attended three courses of lectures in the law school of the University of Maryland. He received his degree with the first class graduated from that institution in June, 1871. In September, 1872, he was admitted to the bar, and was soon actively engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. In 1870 he was tendered a Professorship by the faculty of Loyola College, which he accepted, and filled the position for several years, resigning when his legal duties required his whole attention, In connection with his general practice he has made a special study of patent law, and has been connected with the trial of some im- portant and interesting causes. He is a member of the Democratic party, and in the fall of 1877 was prominently spoken of as an available candidate to represent his dis- trict in the Legislature. He joined the Fifth Maryland Regiment as a private during the labor troubles in 1877, soon afterwards was promoted, and at the present time BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. holds a commission in one of the leading companies of that command. Mr. Mann is genial and courteous, and one of the most popular young lawyers of Baltimore. He is fond of reading, and devotes his spare time to the study of English and German literature. Y@YOLDSBOROUGH, Hon. Rosert Henry, United G States Senator from Maryland, was born at Myrtle 5G Grove, Talbot County, the estate of his father, “t January 4, 1779. His parents were Robert and Mary Emerson (Trippe) Goldsborough. He was the fourth in descent from Nicholas Goldsborough, from Dorsetshire, England, who settled in Kent Island in 1670. He graduated at St. John’s College in 1796. His early manhood he devoted to agriculture, and was a farmer through life. His marriage with Henrietta Maria, daughter of Colonel Robert Lloyd Nicols, of Talbot, took place in the year 1800. In 1804 he was elected to a seat in the House of Delegates. In 1812 he was appointed by Gov- ernor Winder to the Senate of the United States, to suc- ceed General Philip Reed, who had died before the ex- piration of his term, and he was chosen in the same year by the Legislature for the full term of six years, from March 4, 1813. After his retirement from the Senate, Mr. Goldsborough held no public position until 1825, when he was elected to the House of Delegates. In 1835 the Hon. Ezekiel F. Chambers, United States Senator from the Eastern Shore, having resigned his seat to take a place upon the bench, Mr. Goldsborough was appointed to fill the unexpired term, and held that position at the time of his death, October 5, 1836. He was an eloquent speaker, and an easy and popular writer. Education and relgion found in him an earnest promoter. He was long a com- municant of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and a ves- tryman of St. Michael’s Parish. His politeness was pro- verbial; he was called the Chesterfield of Maryland, while his amiability and good humor made him the delight of every social circle. His domestic relations were most happy. He left a large family of children. WARING, JouN C., was born, August 27, 1825, in Bal- Da timore County, Maryland, where he spent his x youth, and attended various private schools, until : the age of nineteen years, when he entered the Sophomore Class of the University of Vermont (Burlington). He graduated at that institution when twenty-two years of age, returned to Baltimore and com- menced the study of law under the direction of the late Hon. Reverdy Johnson, which he pursued for about two 255 years. At the expiration of that time, he entered the Law Department of Harvard University, graduating therefrom in about eighteen months. He again returned to Baltimore and read law for a brief period in the office of the late Hon. John Glenn, when he was admitted to the Baltimore bar (1853). He has practiced in all the courts of Balti- more and throughout the State of Maryland. In 1861 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which position he held until 1867, when a change of the Consti- tution of the State of Maryland went into effect, which va- cated the existing offices and necessitated new elections. Judge King, at the expiration of his judicial term, resumed the practice of his profession, which he has continuously and successfully prosecuted up to the present time (1879). Judge King’s father was John King, an extensive farmer of Baltimore County, and his grandfather was Abraham King, who was also a prosperous farmer of that county. The father’served as a soldier in the defence of Baltimore in 1814, and the grandfather was a brave soldier of the Revolutionary war. The progenitors of the Kings were from Pennsylvania, and were of American birth for as many generations as we can trace them. The mother of Judge King was Miss Henrietta Day, daughter of Edward Day, a large landed proprietor of Baltimore County. The judge has never married. No one who has occupied the bench in Baltimore enjoys a higher reputation for integ- rity and impartiality in his decisions than Judge John King. Clear in his judgments, and actuated by a spirit of justice, his opinions have always commanded the warm approval of his professional brethren, and given general satisfaction to litigants whase cases came under the jurisdiction of his court. @AEOLDSBOROUGH, Hon. Cuar es F., son of Hon. NK Charles and Sarah (Terbury) Goldsborough, was “%” born at Shoal Creek, near Cambridge, Dorchester County, December 26, 1830. His father was a member of Congress during the war of 1812, and was Governor of Maryland in 1818. During his boyhood Charles F. Goldsborough was under the charge of the late Rev. Enoch Bayly, who was a private tutor in the family of his parents. In April, 1846, he entered St. John’s College, Annapolis, in the middle of the Sophomore year, and remained until October, 1848, when he began the study of law in Cambridge, in the office of his brother- in-law, Hon. Daniel M. Henry, who is now (1879) mem- ber of Congress from the First District. He was ad- mitted to the bar at the April term of 1852, by his Honor Judge Ara Spruce, at that time Judge of the Circuit, and has ever since practiced his profession in his native county. On June 22, 1852, Mr. Goldsborough was married to Charlotte A. P., youngest daughter of the late John Camp- bell Henry, of Hambrooks, Dorchester County. Her 256 grandfather, John Henry, was a member of the Conti- nental Congress, and was one of the first United States Senators from Maryland. He was chosen, together with Charles Carroll of Carrollton, in the year 1789, to repre- sent the State in that body. He was also at a subsequent time Governor of Maryland. In 1855, while absent in Virginia, Mr. Goldsborough was nominated by the Whig party of Dorchester County as a candidate for State’s Attorney, to which office he was elected, and served for four years. At the expiration of his official term, he de- clined a renomination, and was chosen by the same party, in the fall of 1859, to represent the county in the State Senate. He was Senator in Frederick and at Annapolis, during the troublous times of 1861 and i862, and took an active part in the legislation of those days. During the session of 1862 he was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations, and was also a member of the Com- mittee on Judicial Proceedings, Education, and Printing, besides other committees. In 1860 he was an elector for the State at large on the Bell and Everett ticket. Mr. Goldsborough was a Whig in politics until the final disso- lution of that party. When the civil war broke out he did all in his power to preserve Maryland to the Union, but he was conservative in his views, and in 1864 united with the Democratic party, of which he is still a member. Since the expiration of his Senatorial term, though repeatedly solicited, he has invariably declined to be again a candi- date for office, his time being more than occupied by the demands of his profession. As a lawyer, Mr. Golds- borough is distinguished for the tact with which he ex- amines and cross-examines a witness, for his power before a jury, and for his thorough knowledge of criminal juris- prudence. In arguing a case his manner is earnest, his style forcible and often impassioned. He stands among the first in his profession on the Eastern Shore. Socially he is exceedingly agreeable, and makes many strong friends. He is especially happy in the art of putting others at their ease, in bringing out their finest qualities, and making them appear to the best advantage. In pri- vate and in public he is everywhere admired and esteemed. Oe HONORABLE WILLIAM REED, was born in GC 1832, in that part of Alleghany County, Maryland, now embraced in Garrett County. His grandfather, i John Getty, emigrated from Ireland in 1790, and settled near Cresaptown, Alleghany County. He was one of the first settlers of that part of Maryland, and endured the hardships and privations of those early days. James Getty, father of William R., was born where his father first settled, but in early manhood he removed to Piney Grove, five miles east of Grantsville, Maryland, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. where the subject of this sketch was born and spent his youthful days. When eleven years of age, William R. met with a painful accident, which confined him to his bed for three years, and disabled him for farm work. He left home at the age of fifteen years, and went forth into the world alone and unaided to commence the battle of life. He went to Pennsylvania, where, by labor and strict econ- omy, he succeeded in saving sufficient means to enable him to attend a select school at Bedford, Pennsylvania, taught | by Professor Harris. By diligent study during three years at that school, he acquired a good English education, and laid the foundation for future usefulness in life. Failing health compelled him to quit school. From Bedford he went to Wilmington, Delaware, where he remained one year, and then returned to his native county, where he taught school for two years, and then engaged in merchan- dising. At the age of twenty-three, Mr. Getty married Miss Margaret Cross, a highly esteemed and worthy mem- ber, from her childhood, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have an interesting and intelligent family of children. Oliver G. Getty, the eldest son, graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Mary- land, and is a member of the medical firm of Keller & Getty, Grantsville, Maryland. The second son, Alvin F. Getty, is engaged in merchandising. Mr. Getty is an ad- herent of the Catholic Church, having entertained its par- ticular views from youth up. His political career began in 1859, when he was elected Justice of the Peace, to which office he was re-elected three times, and at one elec- tion received every vote cast in the district, except nine. In 1864 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he engaged in the leather business for about fourteen months, when he left that city and returned to Grantsville, where he has since resided. Mr. Getty was a member of the Board of Coumty School Commissioners of Alleghany County dur- ing the years 1868-9. In 1870 he was appointed Collec- tor of State and County taxes of Alleghany County, and served for two years. In 1872, when Alleghany County was divided, Mr. Getty advocated the division with great earnestness and ability, taking ‘an active and prominent part in the formation of the new county of Garrett, and was elected its first Senator without opposition. He has been an outspoken and uncompromising Democrat all his life, and is an able, active, and influential worker in his party. By strict economy, indomitable perseverance, and unimpeachable integrity in every pursuit of his life, he has not only risen to financial independence, but, what is far better, he has secured and enjoys the unlimited confidence and esteem of those who know him best. He is kind and generous in his disposition, and one in whom the worthy poor always find a friend. His fellow-citizens delight to honor him, because they take pride in his past record, and know that he will not betray the confidence reposed in him, He is yet in the prime and vigor of manhood, and a bril- liant future may be safely predicted for him. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. fp Tr OWNSHEND, Situ, M.D., Health Officer for QVAIS the District of Columbia, was born in Prince x George’s County, Maryland, December 13, 1836. : His great-grandparents came to this country from { England with Lord Baltimore in 1634, and settled in Maryland. He is a descendant of Sir Isaac and Charles Townshend ; the latter was in his day a prominent member of the British Parliament. His mother, whose maiden name was Catharine Olis Lunsdom, was born and raised in Alex- andria, Virginia, her parents coming to this country from England in 1600. His father, Samuel H. Townshend, was an extensive planter in Prince George’s County, Maryland, who died when the subject of this sketch was quite a boy. Shortly after his father’s death Mr. Townshend, at the age of eleven years, came to Washington. He received a com- mon-school education in Maryland and the schools of the District of Columbia, and when twenty years of age went to Illinois and entered Shurtleff College at Alton, where he commenced the study of medicine. In 1859 during the gold excitement he went to Pike’s Peak, and after two years’ residence there he went into the army in 1861, first enlisting in the First Kansas Regiment. He was severely wounded in the battle of Wilson’s Creek, Missouri. Upon his recovery he returned to Illinois and went into the Thirty-second Illinois Regiment as First Lieutenant, served during the whole of the war, and was mustered out as Major of the regiment with the rank of Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel. He was wounded six times, and was in twenty- two pitched battles. After the war he returned to Wash- ington and resumed the study of medicine. In 1869 he _graduated at the National Medical College of the District of Columbia. Since then he has entered upon the active duties of his profession, and has enjoyed a lucrative prac- tice. He is a member of the Medical Association of the District of Columbia; a member of the Medical Society of the District, and he is one of the Alumni of the National Medical College of the District of Columbia. Upon the abolition by Congress of the Board of Health for the District of Columbia, June 30, 1878, he was indorsed by Senators and members of Congress and prominent citizens of Washington, Georgetown, and the county, for Health Officer of the District. Out of a large number of promi- nent candidates the District Commissioners selected Mr. Townshend for the position. On entering upon the duties of his office, he took upon himself the manifold duties formerly performed by the entire board, and has systemat- ized the workings of the office in the interest of economy, as well as with regard to the health of the people, by the organization of a competent and intelligent corps of street, market, and other inspectors. He has inaugurated the en- forcement of strict sanitary regulations throughout the District of Columbia, and under this system the death rate of the District during the unusual hot and sickly month of July, 1878, was less than any city in the United States. His brother, Richard W. Townshend, was elected member 257 of the Forty-fifth Congress from the Nineteenth District of Illinois as a Democrat, and in the summer of 1878 re-nominated for the Forty-sixth Congress. a caster County, Pennsylvania, where he spent his i early youth, attending the best schools in that a vicinity. After an academic education he was placed, as a student, in Marietta College, Ohio, and graduated therefrom in the twentieth year of his age. Shortly after he entered upon the study of medicine in the office of Professor John K. Mitchell, Professor of Thera- peutics in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated with honor in the spring of 1844. Immediately after receiving his medical diploma he established himself in the practice of his profession in Calvert County, Mary- land, where he remained until 1867—some twenty-three years. He enjoyed an extensive practice and was the lead- ing physician in Calvert County. In 1867 he removed to Baltimore, where he has uninterruptedly pursued his pro- fession up to the present time. Whilst in Calvert County Dr. Quinan served as United States Medical Examiner of drafted men for the civil war, and also as President of the Board of School Commissioners. In 1845 he married Miss Elizabeth Billingsly, of Calvert County, daughter of Colonel Thomas Billingsly, an extensive planter of that county, and a gallant officer in the war of 1812. He rep- resented his county with great credit in ‘the Maryland Senate for several terms. Dr. Quinan’s father was Rev. Thomas H. Quinan, long and favorably known as an Episco- pal clergyman, and Agent of the Maryland State Bible Society. The doctor is a member of the Medico-Chirur- gical Faculty of Maryland, and author of several valua- ble medical and scientific articles. He is a gentleman of fine intellectual culture, of classical attainments, and en- joys a large and lucrative practice. He has six children living. His son William Russel Quinan is a captain in the United States Army, graduating at West Point in grade He has another son at West Point, Allan B. Quinan, who was appointed as a cadet by Hon. Thomas Swann, he having passed a competitive examination as a graduate of the Baltimore City College. Cn Joun RusseLt, M.D., was born in Lan- Ss number six. ae WALTER Harrison, Merchant, of Y iG Easton, Maryland, was born in that town in 1823. “His father was the youngest of five brothers, who, i emigrating from Ireland to the United States, landed in Philadelphia in 1792. He married a Miss Har- rison, of Caroline County, Maryland, and settled in Easton. 258 The subject of this sketch was the youngest son. His father died when he was only five years of age, and thought and care and anxiety for the future early intruded into his childhood. He was, however, given a thorough education in the English branches, and attended the Easton Acad- emy. On leaving school he entered, as drygoods clerk, the leading store of the place, conducted by Messrs. Single- ton & Talbot.. In 1839 he was able to commence business for himself. He had in his store as clerk a young man, named John F. Kersey, whom in 1853 he took into part- nership, forming the firm of Thompson & Kersey. Their store has grown from a small affair, commenced in a small and quiet place, on a capital of a few hundred dollars, to be the leading drygoods house in Easton, and is the largest on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Mr. Thompson has always been an eminently public-spirited citizen. He was among the earliest and most active movers in obtaining the construction of the Dover bridge, which now spans the Choptank River, and connects Talbot and Caroline coun- ties. This bridge has greatly hastened the growth and increased the wealth of Easton. Mr. Thompson was also one of the foremost of the company which lighted the streets of the town with gas, and to him the Methodist Episcopal Church of that place is largely indebted for its beautiful house of worship. He joined that communion in his fifteenth year, and has served through life the in- terests of his Church and the general cause of religion, not less indefatigably than he has sought to advance. his own affairs. In 1847 he was married to Susan A. Mills, of Dorchester County, to whom he owes no small degree of his success in life. VeWINDELL, WILuiAm, was born February 19, 1821, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His father was William Swindell, a native of Tralee, Ireland, who came to this country and was for many years » Superintendent of the Union Glass Works of Philadelphia. His mother, who now resides with him, was Lydia, daughter of William Emmitt, the first success- ful manufacturer of flint glass east of the Alleghany Mountains, who came from Bristol, England, about the year 1812. In 1827 the subject of this sketch went to Philadelphia and entered the glass manufactory of his father and maternal grandfather, who, in association with others, had originated the Union Glass Company for the manu- facture of flint glass. He there learned the business, in which he has since been eminently successful. His thorough mastery of the art has been the result of persevering toil and self-denial. His father died in 1835, and thus the care of his mother, four brothers and two sisters was mainly laid upon him. On this task he entered with a devotion and self-denial very rarely equalled, and as a BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. consequence, his opportunities for a scholastic education were extremely limited. By close application to study at night school and a wise improvement of his leisure hours he has greatly supplied the deficiencies of his early edu- cation. Having completed the term of his apprentice- ship he spent the succeeding five years as a journeyman in Camden, New Jersey, where he married Miss Henrietta Mullard, a young Quakeress, who was an adopted daugh- ter of Hughy Hatch, a farmer. In 1847 he went to Balti- more and worked as a journeyman for F. and L. Schaum for five years; then in connection with William Garten, David L. Lawson, and Jacob Lye, he originated and built the Spring Garden Bottle Works, of which he was super- intendent as well as part owner. In 1855 he took an in- terest in the glass works of Baker Brothers & Company, on Hughes Street, which he superintended for seventeen years, conjointly with the Spring Garden works, which had been purchased by the latter firm. In 1869 he became the manufacturing partner of Seim, Emory & Swindell, building another window glass factory on Leadenhall Street, at a cost of about seventeen thousand dollars. In 1873 he built a third factory, forming the Crystal Window Glass Works, which has been in successful operation ever since. In this enterprise he associated with him his sons, George E., John W., and Walter B., the frm name being Swindell Brothers. It is one of the leading glass houses in the city. Baltimore, next to Pittsburg, is the largest window glass manufacturing city in the United States, and this fact is attributable in no small degree to the enterprise of Mr. Swindell. He was one of the first glass manufac- turers in the East to substitute Cumberland coal for heating purposes in place of resin, on account of the difference in cost. Hard coal had been used in the East, necessitating a blast. Mr. Swindell represented his ward in the City Council in 1860. He is a Conservative in politics, and in religion « member of the Methodist Church. He has nine children, Marietta, George E., John W., deceased, Walter B., Annie, Cora, Charles J. B., Joseph Rodgers and William. Kn ALoysis Lro, State’s Attorney for Balti- g K, more city, was born near New Market, Frederick f County, Maryland, May 12, 1829. At the age of a eight years he entered St. John’s Literary Institute, at Frederick City, established by the late Rev. John McElroy, and conducted by the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. After diligently pursuing his studies there for nearly three years the subject of this sketch removed, with his parents, to Baltimore, and in 1842 was placed as a student in St. Mary’s College of that city. He spent six years in that institution, and in 1847 graduated with honor. He immediately entered upon the vocation of teaching, his first engagement being as assistant in the Cumberland BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 259 Academy, which position he occupied for a year, when he accepted that of teacher of Greek and algebra in St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, most acceptably filling the latter for the space of two years. Turning his attention to the pro- fession of law, Mr. Knott commenced a course of study in the office of the late William Schley, one of the most bril- liant ornaments of the Maryland bar, After reading law for one year, Mr. Knott discontinued his professional studies for awhile to become the Principal of the Howard Latin School, in Howard County, Maryland, an academy established by him, and which for many years was emi- nently prosperous. In the winter of 1855-56 Mr. Knott returned to Baltimore and completed his law studies under Mr. Schley, on whose motion he was admitted to the Bal- timore bar. He at once formed a law partnership with the late James H. Bevans, which professional connection con- tinued for two years and ahalf. He then commenced the practice of law upon his individual account. In 1858 Mr. Knott began to take an active part in political affairs. At that time the American or “ Knownothing” party con- trolled Baltimore and the State, and Mr. Knott was one of the most energetic and persistent of those whose efforts resulted in its overthrow in 1860. In June, 1859, he was sent as a Delegate from Baltimore city to the Democratic State Convention, which met in Frederick City during the ensuing August, and was elected as the Secretary of that body. The object of this convention was to nominate State officers. In 1860 he was elected Chairman of the Execu- tive Committee of the Democratic City Convention. Dur- ing this year occurred the memorable schism which di- vided the Democratic party, on national issues, into the Breckinridge and Douglas wings. Mr. Knott believing that Mr. Douglas embodied the true principles and tradi- tions of the Democratic party, followed the fortunes of that gentleman, and became an earnest advocate of his election to the Presidency of the United States. He made many able and eloquent speeches in favor of Mr. Doug- las throughout Maryland, achieving a wide reputation as a finished political orator. He was thoroughly conserva- tive in his views, and, subsequently to the election of Mr. Lincoln, engaged in a movement, with a large number of gentlemen throughout the State of various political senti- ments, with the view of organizing a party which would be equally opposed to the extreme or radical notions of both the North and the South; and which would be pledged to hostility, alike to the Secession movement and the Re- publican party, deprecating the disunion doctrines of the former, and believing that the ascendency of the latter would be inimical to the peace, integrity, and permanent union of the country. The march of events in 1861, rapid and overwhelming in their character, prevented the consummation of this design. During the ensuing three years Mr. Knott remained in Baltimore engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1864 the Republican party having complete control of the Maryland Legislature, passed a bill, submitting a call for a convention to alter the Constitution of the State. It was justly apprehended by Democratic and Conservative citizens, who had, for the three preceding years, been permitted to take but little part in the State government, by the predominant military authorities, that if such a call were sustained, and a con- vention should assemble in pursuance thereof, that body would not reflect the sentiments or the interests of a large majority of the people of the State, but rather the vindic- tive and intolerant views of a minority; and that the dis- abilities and disfranchisements imposed by the two pre- ceding Legislatures would, by the action of such con- vention, become a part of the organic law of the State. It was therefore resolved by the few representatives of the Democratic and Conservative element of the Legislature of 1864, to reorganize the Democratic party throughout the State, with the view of preventing this design. A conference was called in Annapolis, in February of that year, at which many of the leading members of the Demo- cratic party were present, among whom were the late Hon. Thomas G. Pratt, ex-Governor of Maryland, Judge Oliver MiHer, Colonel John F. Dent, Daniel Clark and Senator Briscoe of Calvert County, to vote against the con- templated call. At this conference committees for the county and city of Baltimore were appointed to awaken and edu- cate public sentiment. The Baltimore committee was com- posed of George M. Gill, Dr. John Morris, Hon. William Kimmell, Joshua Vansant, and A. Leo Knott. A diver- sity of views in regard to the best mode of effecting the objects intended, paralyzed the action of this local com- mittee. A very small vote was cast against the convention, owing to the then condition of public affairs. The con- vention assembled, and a Constitution was formed, which proved so obnoxious to the Democratic and Conservative party, that it was resolved to organize for the purpose of defeating it. The first call for the reorganization of the party in Baltimore city, after the commencement of the civil war, was drawn up by Mr. Knott, June, 1864, and published in the Baltimore papers. The object of organ- izing the party in Maryland was to put it in full accord with the Democracy of the North, which was then about entering upon the Presidential contest of 1864, and also to rally public sentiment in the State against the proposed Constitution. A city convention was assembled, which, for the purpose of safety, met in the daytime. It was followed by a State convention. Mr. Knott was a mem- ber of both of these bodies, taking an active part in their deliberations. By the State convention he was chosen a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, which assembled in Chicago, August 29, 1864, and which nomi- nated General George B. McClellan, and Honorable George H. Pendleton, as the Democratic candidates for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency of the United States. The same year Mr. Knott was. nominated for Congress by the Democratic party of the Third Congressional District 260 of Maryland, his opponent, on the Republican side, being General Charles E. Phelps. The result of the election was unfavorable to the Democratic party. In 1865 re- newed efforts were made by the Democratic and Conserva- tive party to modify the Constitution, which had been pro- claimed as adopted by the Governor the previous year. In these efforts a number of gentlemen prominently iden- tified with the Union party during the war participated. The same year occurred the well-known quarrel between President Andrew Johnson and the Republican leaders in the United States Senate. It was at once perceived that this disagreement might be availed of to promote the pur- pose of the gentlemen of the Conservative Democratic party in Maryland. At the suggestion of the Honorable Francis P. Blair, Sr., and Honorable Montgomery Blair, a committee, composed of Colonel William P. Maulsby, William Kimmell, and A. Leo Knott, representing the Democratic State Central Committee (of which Mr. Knott had previously been elected Secretary), waited on Presi- dent Johnson, June 17, 1865, and laid before him a state- ment of the condition of the public sentiment in the State in regard to the new Constitution, and appealed to him to so use his constitutional powers and pre- rogatives as to aid the people in removing the griev- ances and disqualifications of which they complained. Without pledging himself to any particular line of action, Mr. Johnson expressed the strongest hostility to the objec- tionable features of the new State Constitution, and his full sympathy with the efforts of the conservative element’ of the State to get rid of them. In 1866, when the quarrel between President Johnson and Congress became pro- nounced, it was resolved to sustain him by a series of meetings throughout the country. A large meeting was called February 22 of that year at the Maryland Institute. In the preliminary arrangements of this meeting Mr. Knott actively participated, acting in behalf of the Democratic State Central Committee, and meeting a committee ap- pointed on the part of the conservative members of the Re- publican party who sided with Mr. Johnson in that contest. This was the initial movement of an agitation in favor of a convention to reform the Constitution, and which termin- ated in the success of the Democratic Conservative party of Maryland in the fall of 1866. At the election of this year, after a fierce and animated struggle Mr. Knott was elected to the House of Delegates by the Democratic Con- servative party, from the Third Legislative District, taking in that body an active and prominent part. He was se- lected as member and chairman of many of the most im- portant committees, including the chairmanship of the Committee on Elections and the Committee on Internal Improvements; and membership of the Judiciary Commit- tee and the Committee on Federal Relations. On the second day of the session he was appointed as a member of the joint special committee of the Senate and the House (of which Honorable Richard B. Carmichael was chair- I BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. man), to report a bill calling a convention to reform the Constitution of the State. In this committee Mr. Knott insisted on the call for a convention, retaining the basis of representation adopted by the Constitution of 1864, which secured to’ Baltimore a large additional represen- tation in the State Legislature. The Legislature of 1866 passed the Enfranchisement Bill and the Convention Bill, which put the State Government, in all its branches, in perfect accord and harmony with the sentiments of the masses of the people. These reformatory measures were- earnestly advocated by Mr. Knott. In the fall of 1867 Mr. Knott was elected by the Democratic party to the office of State’s Attorney for the city of Baltimore. He performed its duties with such ability and entire accepta- bility, as to cause his re-nomination and re-election in 1871, and again for a third term in 1875. In 1872 he was chosen by the Democratic State Convention as one of the delegates at large to represent Maryland in the National Democratic Convention, which assembled that year in Baltimore, and nominated Horace Greeley for the Presidency. He was also selected by his associates in the delegation to represent the State in the National Ex- ecutive Committee for the succeeding four years. As the Prosecuting Attorney for the State, Mr. Knott, during his long occupancy of the office, nearly twelve years, has dis- played the highest legal ability. He has had to prosecute many of the most important cases on the criminal records, and has frequently been brought into intellectual conflict with the best legal minds of the Baltimore bar, but has always proved himself equal to the best in ready debate and clear logic. He is an earnest, rapid, and fluent speaker; an enthusiastic defender of the right; an uncom- promising enemy of wrong. Mr. Knott’s father, Edward Knott, a native of Montgomery County, Maryiand, was engaged for many years in farming and planting, both in that county and the adjoining county of Frederick. He served in the war of 1812. His grandfather, Zachary Knott, was a native of St. Mary’s County, Maryland, and at the close of the Revolutionary war, settled in Mont- gomery County, where he became extensively engaged as a tobacco planter. The ancestors of the Knotts were from Yorkshire, England, and settled in St. Mary’s County in 1642, the pioneer of the family in Baltimore County being John Knott. Mr. Knott’s mother was Elizabeth Sprigg Sweeney, daughter of Allen Sweeney, of Chaptico, St. Mary’s County, Maryland, and granddaughter of Allen Sweeney, a brave officer in the Pretender’s army at the battle of Culloden, who, after that battle, escaped to America, and settled in St. Mary’s County, where he mar- ried. In 1873 Mr. Knott married Miss Regina Keenan, daughter of the late Anthony Keenan, a highly respected citizen of Baltimore. Whilst devoting himself assiduously to the duties of his official position and his profession, Mr. Knott still finds time to engage in literary pursuits. He has delivered several able and eloquent addresses before BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. institutions of learning, among which may be mentioned one to the graduating class of Loyola College, Baltimore, 1870, one to the graduates of Rockhill College, in 1872, and one, of great force’ and beauty, to the graduates of Manhattan College, New York city, in 1877. In 1878 he delivered, before a large and appreciative audience, in Chickering Hall, New York, an admirable and highly in- structive address on the “ Relation of Religion and Art.” gy RIGHT, GovERNOR ROBERT, was a native of é MK 3 Kent County, Maryland, and received a liberal x education at the celebrated county school at : Chestertown. He served for several years as one of the Executive Council of Maryland. He rep- resented Maryland in the Senate of the United States from November 19,1801, until his resignation and the appointment of his successor, General Philip Reed, November 25, 1806. He succeeded Hon. Robert Bowie in 1806 as Governor of Maryland, and held that position until Edward Lloyd was elected in 1809. He was a member of the Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Congresses of the United States, from December 3, 1810, to March 3, 1817, and also served in the Seventeenth Congress, from Decem- ber 3, 1821, to March 3, 1823. He died September.7, 1826, aS INDER, Governor LEVIN, was born in 1756 in € ; Kent County, Maryland. On April 17, 1777, he ‘yey was appointed Major of the Fourth Regiment of eo the Maryland Line. He served with distinction Lieutenant-Colonel. until the close of the war, and rose to the rank of While serving in the Legislature of Maryland he was made Speaker of the House of Delegates, and discharged the duties of that position with ability and firmness. He succeeded Hon. Robert Bowie, in 1812, as Governor of Maryland, and served until 1815, when Charles Ridgely, of Hampton, was elected in his stead. In 1816 he was a member of the Senate of Maryland. He was a zealous Freemason, and became the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Maryland. He died in Baltimore, July 7, 1819. COA KWeaAMBLETON, Joun A. anp T. Epwarp, Bankers 5 VW : and Brokers, are natives of New Windsor, Carroll fr" County, Maryland. The former was born March © 28, 1827; the latter, May 17, 1829. They are the sons of Thomas E. and Sarah A. Hambleton, who removed to Baltimore in 1831. Their family consisted of 34 261 seven children—Jesse S., John A., T. Edward, William Sherwood, Francis H., James Douglass, and Clara. Their father established in Baltimore a drygoods jobbing house, and was widely known as an honorable and successful merchant. Their mother is 4 daughter of Jessie Sling- luff, Esq., formerly an honored merchant of Baltimore. Their ancestors came from England, originally from the ‘‘ Hambleton Hills,’ and were agriculturists. In 1659 they received a patent for a tract of land called Martingham and Williton, in Talbot County, which is still held by the family. ‘William Hambleton received a s commission April 9, 1778, as Captain, and served with credit in the Revolutionary war. Purser Samuel Hamble- ton, who was commissioned by Thomas Jefferson in 1806, and John N. Hambleton, who was subsequently commis- sioned Purser, were all members of the same family. Jesse Slingluff Hambleton, a brother of the subjects of this sketch, died in Nicaragua, while on the expedition with William Walker. Another brother, William Sherwood, died while on his way to Japan with Commodore Perry. The studies of John and Edward were pursued in Balti- more. After acquiring a good English education, John, at the age of seventeen, entered upon active life in the dry- goods business, and was admitted as a partner in his twentieth year; the firm then becoming Hambleton & Son. T. Edward graduated at St. Mary’s College in 1849, when he engaged temporarily in manufacturing, and after- ward went into the provision trade. He soon, however, joined his brother in the drygoods business as a partner. The business was prosecuted with marked success until the beginning of the civil war, when T. Edward went to Rich- mond in 1861. He made several trips to Europe, and built the steamer Dare, which he commanded. Being hotly pursued by five war vessels, January 8, 1862, he beached his steamer on the coast of Debedue, S. C., burned her, and captured the boarding party. In 1864 the brothers established the banking house of John A. Hambleton & Co., which, during the past fourteen years, has become one of the most prominent and reliable financial establishments in Baltimore. These gentlemen have sustained very im- portant relations with the business of Baltimore, being ac- tive participants in the organization of several of its most important enterprises. They brought to the banking busi- ness a thorough knowledge of the trade of Baltimore, a perfect understanding of the condition and wants of the mercantile community, and an honorable character, sus-. tained during an active and important business career. In their new field of operation they found wider scope for their enterprise and public spirit. Their house at once took rank among the most reputable private banks in the city, and soon became noted for its large and creditable trans- actions. The investments that they have handled have proved to be exceptionally fortunate, and have given the firm a very strong hold upon the confidence of capitalists in this community. The members of the firm are men of 262 ample means and they have high standing as financiers. They are large but conscrvative operators, and have always confined themselves to a strictly legitimate banking and brokerage business, controlling a large and choice patron- age among leading business houses. Their own business is in a healthy and prosperous condition, giving every indi- cation that the house has still a long career of usefulness before it. John A. married Mary E. Woolen, of Balti- more, in 1855, who died in 1872, leaving three children, Grace, Bessie, and Bell. In 1874 he married Kate, daughter of Gustavus Ober, Esq., of Baltimore. In 1852 T. Edward married Arabella Stansbury, daughter of Major Dixon Stansbury, of the United States Army, who was taken prisoner in Canada in 1812, and wounded in the Indian wars in Florida. They have had three children, Sallie S., Frank S.,and Thomas S.,of whom Frank S. only is living. Oe BreRNARD, was born at Sandy Spring, a CG Friends’ settlement in Montgomery County, Mary- land, March 6,1826. He is ason of Bernard and é Letitia (Canby) Gilpin. His father came to Mary- land about the year 1800, from Chad’s Ford, Penn- sylvania, on the Brandywine, where his ancestors settled in the days of William Penn. The old homestead has re- mained in the family ever since. From accurate genea- logical charts of the Gilpin family in America and Eng- land, his ancestry in this country may be‘traced to Joseph Gilpin, who was born in England in 1664, and emigrated to America in 1696; and in England to Richard de Guyl- pin, 1206, during the reign of King John. Joseph Gilpin, the first of the family who came to America, raised a large family of children, who settled in the West and Southwest, a number, however, remaining in Philadelphia, and Wil- mington, Delaware. Joseph Gilpin’s ancestors took an active-part in the important events in England in peace and'war. Estates and titles have been given to a number of them for deeds of valor, and Scalby, in Cumberland County, England, has been held until recently by the family. An early Bernard Gilpin was called the Apostle of the North, and made himself so obnoxious to Queen Mary by his radicalism and non-conformity to the religion of the crown that he was sentenced to be burned at the stake. The Gilpins have always taken advanced steps in the early history of this country as well as England, and have done much to shape the course of the nation. The subject of this sketch was educated at Sandy Spring with a view to becoming a farmer, but at seventeen years of age he went to Baltimore in search of other employment. He engaged in the retail drug business, as under clerk, with Mr. C. B. Barry. In 1846 he entered the house of E. H. Stabler & Co. In 1851 he married Mary Bernard, of Baltimore, and has three children, Henry Brooke, Ber- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. nard, Jr., and Frank. Soon after his marriage Mr. Gilpin engaged in the wholesale drug business with James Baily, and finally became a member of the well-known firm of Canby, Gilpin & Co., of which he is still an active part- ner. For several years Mr. Gilpin took an active part in the cause of emigration, with a view to induce emigrants to settle in Maryland, but the Western inducements were so superior that he abandoned it. He has always taken an ac- tive interest in the prosperity of the great West, however, and has made several extended trips as far as the Pacific coast. He has written very interesting letters descriptive of the country. He has established his son, Bernard, at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, he having gone to that country in his seventeenth year as an explorer and surveyor under the United States government, and settled there to engage in stock raising. Mr. Gilpin’s father and mother being members of the Friends’ society, he has in the main held their views, always, however, maintaining the most liberal and anti-sectarian opinions, accepting re- ligion in its broadest sense, believing that forms and creeds are no part of true religion. He believes that the light within is sufficient for all God’s creation as a guide that never leads astray. Politically, he has followed in the -footsteps of his family predecessors, and was a Whig until the dissolution of that party. Since then he has affiliated with the Republicans. Although quiet and unostentatious in manner, he is a driving, energetic business man, and a public-spirited citizen, who has made his influence felt in the community. His strict integrity, affability, and gener- osity have won for him the esteem of all who. know him, and his liberal donations and personal efforts in behalf of charitable and benevolent enterprises have greatly con- tributed to the welfare and happiness of his fellow-men. ee Joun THomas, was born at Owing’s SY Mills, Baltimore County, Maryland, August 21, 1832. During his infancy, his parents removed t with him to Baltimore city, where he attended the public schools, graduating with high merit at the High School, now known-as the Baltimore City College. After graduating, young Gorsuch served as a clerk, as he had done much of the time during his schoolboy days in his father’s office, and after the expiration of two years commenced to learn the bricklaying trade, serving a regu- lar apprenticeship. On attaining his majority he went to Washington, D. C., and entered “into that business, work- ing on the Capitol, the Marine Hospital, at the Navy Yard, and on various Government buildings. In 1858 he re- turned to Baltimore, and was appointed by Edward Dow- ling, Clerk of the Superior Court of Baltimore City, as Examining Clerk in the office of that court. At the end of a year he entered into the service of the Baltimore City BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Passenger Railway Company as conductor, which position he held for over seven years. After leaving that service, he was appointed in May, 1867, by Governor Thomas Swann, as Justice of the Peace, in Baltimore, which position he still holds. In 1858 Mr. Gorsuch married Miss Sarah R. Griffin, daughter of the late Levi Griffin, of the United States Navy, and has eight children living. His father was the late Peregrine Gorsuch, a highly esteemed citizen of Baltimore, who held the position of chief clerk and treasurer in the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court, and was a member of the First and Second Branch of the City Council, justice of the peace, etc. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest and most reliable conveyancers in Baltimore. Mr. Gorsuch’s ancestors settled in Maryland contemporaneously with the Lords Baltimore. A portion of the original land grants from the proprietary are still held in the Gorsuch family, and lie in the area embraced by Eutaw, Baltimore, Fayette, and Harrison Streets. Mr. Gorsuch is prominently identified with sev- eral benevolent societies, among which are the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and Knights of the Golden Eagle. He is the Past Grand Recorder of the Royal and Select Masters of the State of Maryland, in the Masonic Fraternity. In 1858 he made application to Lafayette Lodge, No. 110, of Free and Accepted Masons, and was duly elected to receive the degrees of Masonry. In 1860 he was elected to the Royal Arch Chapter, as also the Concordia Chapter, of which he was elected Secretary, which position he oc- cupied for ten years. In 1865 he joined the Knight Templars, and was elected Sword Bearer. In conjunction with George L. McCahan, he instituted the Grand Lodge of Royal and Select Masters, and was elected its Grand Recorder, which position he held for three years. He also held the position of Master of Phcenix Lodge, No. 139, of F, and A. Masons. In all the positions held by Mr. Gor- such, he has acquitted himself with honor and fidelity ; has proven himself worthy of the trust and confidence re- posed in him. Asa Justice of the Peace, he is fair and impartial, and administers his office in the spirit of honor and probity. In manners he is affable and courteous; is extremely sociable and communicative, and is deservedly popular. WWeOOPER, THomas, Merchant and Shipbuilder, was a yi born on Taylor’s Island, Dorchester County, Mary- land, in 1803, where his father, James Hooper, an i extensive agriculturist, was also born, and where his ancestors, aceording to ancient records and old tombstones, established themselves contemporaneously with the settlement of the State. The pioneers of the family in this country were three brothers, who came from England in the early Colonial times, one settling in Dorchester 263 County, Maryland, one in South Carolina, and one in the West. Thomas Hooper, who had received the best edu- cation that the schools of his native county could furnish, removed to Baltimore whilst quite » young man, and en- gaged in the wholsesale grocery and commission business, which he successfully followed for several years, and then associated therewith the shipbuilding business, his ship- yard, with three marine railways, being located on the south side of the Basin, and occupying a frontage of one hundred and eighty-five feet, and a depth of eight hundred feet. Mr. Hooper was one of the most extensive shipbuilders and shipowners of his day, having built and owned, in whole and in part, one hundred and forty-seven vessels during his lifetime, the vessels constructed by him being sea-going craft, of a first-class character, and many of them clipper vessels, famous for their speed. Notably among the number were the bark Flying Cloud, brig Foaming Sea,and schooner Leocadia. He was also ex- tensively engaged in the bay and coasting trade, and had lines of vessels, passenger and freight, running to Norfolk, Richmond, Petersburg, Jacksonville, Mobile, New Or- leans, Galveston, and other ports of the Southern States, as well as to many South American and West Indian. Whilst engaged in the Baltimore business he also built vessels on his farm, Taylor’s Island, and had two other builders constructing vessels. for him at Church Creek and Tobacco Stich, in the same county. The shipyard in Bal- timore was conducted for a number of years after his death by his sons, Edwin E. Hooper and Samuel H. Hooper, who also built quite a number of vessels, a few of them being steamers of a small size. Through energy, industry, and unswerving integrity, Mr. Hooper amassed a considerable fortune. He died June 28, 1857, not quite fifty-four years of age, and his death was generally lamented by the com- munity in which he had spent the greater part of his life, whilst the shipping interest manifested especial respect to his memory by the half-masting of all the flags in the harbor. The Maryland press, at the time of his demise, paid the highest eulogies to his worth as a citizen; to his exalted moral character and unostentatious Christian benevolence, Though always a stanch Democrat, of the Jacksonian school, Mr. Hooper never sought, but, on the contrary, persistently avoided political station. Mr. Hooper was prevailed upon at one time to represent the Fifteenth Ward in the City Council. He served during the session of 1845 and 1846, and performed his duties in a manner most conducive to the commercial interests of Baltimore. The term which Mr. Hooper served in the City Council was during the administration of Mayor Jacob G. Davies. Hon. Joshua Vansant and John S. Brown were also mem. bers of that body at the same time, and Augustus H. Pen- nington was the clerk of the Branch. Mr. Hooper was afterwards proffered by the Democratic party the nomina- tion for the Mayoralty, but declining to sacrifice his busi- ness interests to accept office he refused it. The wife of 264 the subject of this sketch was Miss Hannah Robinson, the daughter of a highly respectable farmer of Dorchester County. The issue of the marriage were eleven children, five of whom survived their father, Mary M., Edwin E., Samuel H., Emma J., and Frank L. Hooper. stood in higher estimation than Thomas Hooper, No one ee HEPHERD, Tuomas F., was born October 10, 1815, tity) near Union Bridge, Frederick County (now Car- pe roll) Maryland, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His @ great-grandfather, William Farquhar, and his wife, rs Ann, moved from the Province of Pennsylvania to the Province of Maryland in 1735, and settled near the present town of Union Bridge, Carroll County. He was the first white settler in that part of the State; and there being no roads except the paths made by Indians and wild beasts, he was obliged to move his family and goods on pack-horses. He was a tailor by trade, and made buck- skin breeches and other clothing for the settlers when they came. His father, Allen Farquhar, gave him two hundred acres of land, and he took up and patented from time to time, as he acquired means, different tracts of land until, in January, 1768, he owned two thousand two hundred and fifty-six acres, including all of the site of the town of Union Bridge, which he divided among his seven chil- dren, some of which is still owned by his descendants. His grandfather, Solomon Shepherd, was the oldest son of William and Richmonda Shepherd, of Menallen Township, County of York, Province of Pennsylvania. He married Susanna Farquhar, daughter of William Farquhar, Octo- ber, 1779, and built a fulling mill on a part of his wife’s land. He subsequently built a woollen factory on the same site, which is still owned by some of his descendants. There were many wolves, wild-cats, and bears in that sec- tion of the State when Solomon Shepherd operated his fulling mill; so that it became necessary for him to carry fire-brands to frighten them away when he passed from his house to his mill at night. This gentleman had four daughters and two sons. His oldest son, William Shep- herd, was born February 2, 1786. He married Ruth Fisher, daughter of Samuel Fisher, of Baltimore. They had four sons and four daughters. The subject of this sketch was the oldest son and second child. One brother and three sisters are dead. Solomon, one of the brothers, and Mary Stultz, his sister, are living near Union Bridge; James, the other brother, lives in Iowa City. Thomas F., being the oldest son, in his youth was needed in the factory, and all the education he received was obtained at a district school, and the business training he got by managing the factory and keeping its books. His brothers were more highly favored in this particular. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. William H. studied medicine; practiced in Maryland and Wisconsin; went to Australia in 1857, and thence to Cali- fornia, where he practiced his profession until his death in 1864. Solomon carried on the woollen factory for a few years after Thomas left it; then moved to Wisconsin, where he engaged in farming for a few years; returned to Maryland, and is now farming near Union Bridge. James was farming in Iowa until his health failed; he then sold his farm and moved to Iowa City, where he now resides. In October, 1842, Thomas F. Sheppard married Miss Harriet Haines, born January 6, 1822, near Union Bridge, and daughter of Job C. Haines, a farmer, and sister of G, S. Haines, President of the First National Bank of West- minster. In 1846 Mr. Shepherd withdrew from the factory on account of his health, and removed to the farm on which he now resides (1879), containing about two hun- dred acres. In January, 1860, he was elected a Director of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Montgomery County, which position he still holds. In May, 1861, he was appointed Postmaster at Uniontown, and still holds that office, though never attending personally to its duties, on account of his residence being 2 mile from the town. In November of that year he was elected County Commis- sioner, and held the office six years, having been re-elected in 1863 and again in 1865, and was legislated out of office by the Constitution of 1867. He was President of the Board most of the time. The First National Bank of New Windsor was organized in 1865, and Mr. Shepherd was chosen President, to which position he has been re-elected every year since. His wife died in February, 1869, leav- ing two daughters. During the samé month the bank was robbed by burglars of about one hundred and thirty-eight thousand dollars, over one hundred thousand of which was recovered. The stockholders expressed their confidence in the integrity of the officers, and the management of the bank, by immediately making good the entire loss, each one paying his proper proportion. ' Mr. Shepherd, with his whole family, were old-line Whigs. He joined the Know Nothings, but did not approve some of their principles. During the rebellion he was a strong Union man, and was active in calling and conducting the first Union meeting held in the State. He was for many years a member of the State and County Republican Central Committees, also the Executive Committee of the National Council of the Union League of North America. At the first annual meet- ing of the State Grange, March, 1874, he was elected Chair- man of the Executive Committee, and re-elected at every election since. Mr. Shepherd’s parents were members of the Society of Friends, of which he is also a member. Rev. Thomas Shepherd, of Boston, Moses Sheppard, of Balti- more, founder of the Sheppard Insane Asylum, and Colo- nel Sheppard, of the Revolution army, were all of the same family. In every position to which Mr. Thomas F. Shep- herd has been called, he always secured and retained the esteem of the community. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. & OWLER, Hon. Rosert, Ex-State Treasurer and & a Legislator, was born in Frederick County, Mary- land, near the little town of Urbana, July 4, 1812. = His early childhood and youth were spent at the { place of his birth, on the farm of his father, Henry Fowler. His parents were both of English origin, and if they gave him but little of this world’s goods, he received from them those priceless gifts, “a sound mind in a sound body,” together with a generous and happy heart. He was educated at the schools in the neighborhood of the place of his birth. Like many others whom nature formed for the higher walks and occupations of life, he lived to regret the want of a more liberal education. His energy and self-reliance soon urged him to leave the home of his childhood, but he never wandered far from his father’s roof, nor ceased to be a citizen of the State of Maryland. At the age of twenty-one, we find him in Washington County, which adjoins his native county on the west. Here at the town of Boonsboro, when he had scarcely more than attained his rfajority, he married Susan, the daughter of Henry Keedy, Esq., and soon after_his mar- riage, removed to a farm at Beaver Creek, a few miles west of Boonsboro, which had been part of the estate of his father-in-law. He remained here engaged in farming and other kindred occupations, until the year 1841, when he removed to Hagerstown, the county seat of Washington County. At this time Mr. Fowler’s handsome person, popular manners, and generous disposition, together with the large and influential connections of his wife’s family throughout the eastern and southeastern parts of the county, adjoining Keedysville and Boonsboro, at once secured for hima host of devoted friends, gave him an extensive acquaintance throughout the county, and brought him prominently before the public. He first became a member of the Board of County Commissioners of Wash- ington County, in which position, it is said, “‘ he displayed at an early age that aptitude for business and management of public affairs that so distinguished him in after-life.” In the year 1846 he was nominated by the Whigs as a delegate to the General Assembly of Maryland. The canvass consequent upon this nomination was a most excit- ing and remarkable one, and is yet remembered by those who took part init. The Hon. William T. Hamilton, who has since represented Maryland in the United States Senate, and is now one of the most valued and respected citizens of the State, an eloquent orator and a learned and successful lawyer, was Mr. Fowler’s opponent. Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Fowler were then both young, ardent, full of energy, and were just entering public life. The following is quoted from a speech delivered by the Hon. George Freaner, of Washington County, before the House of Delegates, just after the death of Mr. Fowler: “In | 1846, in times of very high political excitement, and when party supremacy varied with almost every election, Mr. Fowler, then a Whig, was nominated for a seat in this 265 House against our present United States Senator, the Hon. William T. Hamilton, then entering public life. The con- test was a very exciting one, perhaps one of the most memorably personal ones that ever took place in the county, the Whigs staking the issue on Mr. Fowler, and the Democrats on Mr. Hamilton. In that stirring contest Mr. Fowler was successful, and well he earned his laurels.” As a member of the House of Delegates, he took an active part in the business of the session of 1847-48, and was a member of several important committees. It will appear by reference to the House Journal, February 28, 1848, page 341, that Mr. Fowler asked and obtained leave to report a bill to establish public schools in Washington County. This bill was afterward passed, during the same session, on March 9g, 1848, and is known as the Act of 1848, chapter 232. Mr. Fowler often referred to the in- troduction and passage of this act as one of the most im- portant events in his early public life, and never ceased to feel a pardonable pride in having been among the first to foster and promote public education in the State of Mary- land. At the end of the session of the General Assembly of 1848, Mr. Fowler returned to his home in Hagerstown, and soon afterwards, in conjunction with Mr. Frederick K. Zeigler, “ became engaged in projecting and building several of the longest and most substantial turnpike roads in Washington County.” Thus far his energies and abili- ties had had a comparatively limited field for their exercise. But in the year 1853 he established the firm of Fowler & Zeigler in the city of Baltimore. This firm was composed of himself and Mr. Fred. K. Zeigler; the former resided in Baltimore County, and attended to the business in the city, while the latter resided in Washington County, and gave his attention to the management of the large flouring mill and distillery owned by the firm, and situated on Antietam Creek, near Lestersburgh, where the celebrated “ Ziegler whiskey” was manufactured. In the course of a few years, Mr. Fowler had become as well known in the city of Baltimore as he was in Western Maryland, and he and his firm had won a commercial reputation of the highest character, and a credit almost without limit. He was appointed a Director on the part of the State in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and thus formed an intimacy and friendship with Mr. John W. Garrett, the late Johns Hopkins, and others then identified with the interests of that great corporation, and always retained their confidence and friendship. In 1862 he was elected by the General Assembly of Maryland to the position of State Treasurer, which position he occupied until the year 1870, when he was succeeded by John Merryman, Esq., of Hayfields. Mr. Fowler and Mr. Merryman were both residents of Baltimore County, the former having resided there since 1856 at Harvest Home, his country residence on Wilkins Avenue, and the latter being a resident of the Eighth District of Baltimore County, where his magnificent estate, Hayfields, is situated. 266 Throughout the long period of his official term of eight years, he discharged his duties with marked fidelity and ability. As Treasurer of the State, he protected the public credit and guarded the public money with such watchful and intelligent care, that he earned an enviable reputation in that position. There were times during his adminis- tration of the finances of the “State, when, to devise ways and provide means to escape at least temporary embarrass- ment, all the expedients of his fertile brain and all the boldness of his self-reliant nature were called forth to enable him successfully to meet the emergencies. But at such times and in such emergencies, he would make a per- sonal appeal to the banks and capitalists of Baltimore to come to the aid of the State, and such was the confidence of all in his judgment and fidelity, that he never failed to secure by his own efforts, the funds necessary, in his opinion, to protect the public credit until such time as the revenues could be collected, or until the Legislature could make provision for the deficiency. After the expiration of Mr. Fowler’s fourth term as State Treasurer, he again, for a short time, gave his entire attention to the business of his firm, which he had for several years confided to the care of hissons. He was not allowed, however, to re- main long in private life, nor permitted to devote his time exclusively to private business, for in the fall of 1873 he was nominated and elected by his fellow-citizens of Balti- more County, as a member of the House of Delegates of the General Assembly of Maryland. He consoled himself and assured his friends that he would never be a candi- date for another political office after the expiration of the session of 1874; and he appeared to be sincerely in earnest in this resolution to retire from the strife and turmoil of public life. He said ina private letter, written on the eve of one of his re-elections: ‘‘ I am not desirous to continue as State Treasurer, as my pleasure is in being more at home.” He was very much attached to his family, and enjoyed the quiet seclusion of his country home, which he had trans- formed from one of the least attractive, to one of the most beautiful and highly cultivated estates in Baltimore County. He had conceived further improvements and embellish- ments for ‘‘ Harvest Home,” as he called his country seat, and looked forward to many happy days which he hoped to pass there with his family and friends around him; but it was ordered otherwise. Soon after he took his seat in, the House of Delegates, he was compelled by what he sup- posed was a severe cold, to return to his family, who were passing the winter at Barnum’s Hotel in Baltimore city, where he was attacked with pneumonia, and after a sick- ness of six weeks, died at midnight, on March 3, 1874, at the age of sixty-one years and eight months. The news of his death was received throughout the State with manifes- tations of genuine sorrow. The public press in every county of the State and of every shade of political faith praised him as a faithful, efficient, and intelligent public officer, and as a generous, constant, and affectionate friend. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. On March 4, 1874, Mr. Charles Bucannan, of Baltimore County, one of Mr. Fowler’s colleagues, in announcing his death to the House of Delegates, said: ‘I do not rise to make any extended remarks upon the life and character of the deceased. His charitable hand, that has so often re- lieved the wants of the needy, and his friendly and loving heart, in which there was always room for a friend, and his generous and noble nature, that prompted him to the deeds that have won for him the brightest color of his fame, speak his character in better terms than J can employ.” The Hon. E. I. Henkle, then a member of the House of Delegates, and now a member of the House of Represen- tatives from the Fifth Congressional District of Maryland, also paid a glowing tribute to his memory. Similar pro- ceedings were had in the Senate, and both houses came in a body to Baltimore the next day to accompany their friend and fellow-member to his resting-place in Loudon Park Cemetery. The funeral was largely attended, and the services were of a most impressive character. On Friday, March 6, 1874, the following resolutions were re- ported by a committee of the House of Delegates, consist- ing of Messrs. Bucannan, Freaner, Seth, Gill, and Koons, and were unanimously adopted : “ WHEREAS, It has pleased Divine Providence to remove from our midst the Hon. Robert Fowler, a prominent member of this body, and for many years the occupant of responsible and distinguished offices of honor and profit under the government of this State; and whereas, in the judgment of this house his death is not only a great and deplorable loss to its councils, but is an event to be la- mented by the people of Maryland; and it is, therefore, just and fitting that some expression of sentiment should be made by us touching the loss which has thus been sus- tained, therefore, “ Be it resolved by the House of Delegates of Maryland, That this body has learned with the most sincere and pain- ful regret of the untimely death of the Hon. Robert Fow- ler, a member from Baltimore County : “ Resolved, That from his well-known record of past usefulness in various high positions of public trust, and the promise of still greater service from his expanding energies and matured experience in public affairs, we feel that the death of no member of this body could have been a greater loss either to itself or the public of this State. “ Resolved, That we tender our sincere condolence to the family of our deceased friend and fellow-member, in this their sad bereavement. “ Resolved, That as a further mark of our respect, this house be draped in mourning during the residue of the session, and that each member wear the usual badge of mourning for the same period. = “ Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be entered upon the Journal, and that the Speaker be requested to transmit a copy of the same to the family of the deceased.” Eloquent and heartfelt tributes to the memory of Mr. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Fowler were pronounced by Major George Freaner, of Washington County, William S. Keech, of Baltimore County, and others, after the resolutions had been pre- sented. Inthe course of Major Freaner’s remarks, after commending Mr. Fowler’s public life and services, he said: “He met every one—high or low, rich or poor—with a gladsome smile and a hearty cheer. He was never too hurried to stop and listen to all who desired to be heard upon any subject—social, political, or of business. He would not turn away from the humble to meet the great, nor cut the great to burrow with the humble. He was hardly ever known to deny a friend any reasonable re- quest, and his aid was not given grudgingly, but with that hearty good will which always made it doubly grateful to the recipient. In this way it was he gathered around him a host, some of them more conspicuous in many distin- guished characteristics than himself, but with these he al- ways felt his strength, and boldly pushed up upon a plane in business affairs and State matters where the ablest men of the State were- contending, and stood amongst them an acknowledged compeer. He was also one of the most genial men in social qualities that this State has ever pro- -duced; his hospitalities being great and continuous, and humor and sparkling wit and hearty laughter flowed from him and always fell gently and kindly upon those around him. It was to these qualities, so happily blended and under complete command, that Mr. Fowler owed pre- eminently his success.” Mr. Fowler’s prominent charac- teristics were clearness and quickness of conception, firm- ness of purpose, and decision in action. He was emphati- cally a man of action rather than of words. One who knew him well wrote a few days after his death: “ There is one trait that he possessed above all men I ever knew, and that was forgiveness of those who differed from him, and even when he felt they had done him wrong. That feature alone in his character must commend him to the estimation of all, and perhaps cause a pang of regret, if not remorse, in the hearts of some.” As an upright, faithful and intelligent public officer, as a citizen without reproach, as a self-sacrificing and affectionate friend, Robert Fowler will be long remembered by the people of this, his native State, and especially by the many whose homes and lives have been brightened by his generous hand and genial smile. mone ONES, Rev. GrorcE EDWARD, was born February a 7, 1842, in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, near ¢ what is now Richmond Furnace. His father is i, John E. Jones of the same vicinity. Mr. Jones re- a ceived his preparatory education in different schools, chiefly at Tuscarora Academy, Juniata County, Pennsylva- nia, At the breaking out of the civil war he joined a com- 267 pany recruiting for the “three months’ service.” After lying in camp fora month or so, the regiment was disbanded without having been mustered into service. Subsequently he left school and enlisted in the One hundred and twenty- sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He served his time out, and again returned to school for abouta year. In the spring of 1864 he again went into the army, and was in service until the close of the war. In September, 1865, he entered Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, graduating with honor in 1869. He won the “ Fowler Prize ”’ for profici- ency in the study of the English language, and also de- livered the Latin Salutatory of his class at commencement. He was appointed by the faculty of the college to deliver a Master’s oration in.1872, but engagements to supply the pulpit of the Presbyterian Church of Milford, Delaware, during his seminary vacation, made it impracticable to ac- cept the honor. After completing his academic studies, Mr. Jones spent a year in teaching in Stamford, Connecti- cut. He then had an opportunity to enter the Iowa State University at Des Moines, to organize and conduct the de- partment of Anglo-Saxon and English literature, but the letter containing the proffer of the position was delayed until Mr. Jones had entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. He therefore continued his theo- logical course. After three years spent in Princeton he graduated in April, 1873. He received a call to become the pastor of Lower Brandywine Presbyterian Church, and was installed there, June 1g following, by the Presbytery of New Castle, where he_remained until July 1, 1877. A domestic affliction led to a dissolution of the pastoral re- lation with that people. In May, 1874, Mr. Jones married Miss Annie McDowell, daughter of the late James B. McDowell, of Middletown, Delaware. She died Feb- ruary 18, 1877, and was buried in the same grave with her only child at Lower Brandywine Cemetery. At sixteen years of age she united with the Rock Presby- terian Church, Cecil County, Maryland, and was devoted to the church and Sabbath-school. Her funeral took place at the Lower Brandywine Presbyterian Church and was largely attended, the services being conducted by her former pastor, Rev. J. H. Johns, assisted by the neighbor- ing ministers, G. L. Moore, R. P. Kennedy, L. Marks, and Mr. Smith. The Philadelphia Presdytertan and the Qxford Press paid a beautiful tribute to her memory. Her grace of manners, superior culture, and many excellencies of character, won the esteem of all who knew her. Mr. Jones’s pastorate at Lower Brandywine was successful. The membership of the church was increased about one- third, a parsonage was erected, and upon his resignation a united congregation bore testimony to his faithfulness, earnestness, and devotion. Upon closing his labors in that field, June, 1877, he immediately removed to Baltimore, to become pastor of the Broadway Presbyterian Church, where he is now laboring successfully. As a preacher Mr. Jones presents the truths of the Gospel in 2 most simple and 268 practical method, his purpose being to enable all to under- stand, and to induce them to become in heart and life fol- lowers of Christ. Avoiding neither doctrinal nor philo- sophical difficulties, he ‘is remarkably successful in simpli- fying and analyzing what to many minds are obscure and half-understood truths. ‘ we YURNER, J. FRANK, Clerk of the Circuit Court for Talbot County, was born in that county November 2, 1844. His grandfather, Joseph Turner, was a i farmer and prominent citizen of that county. His father, Joseph Turner, Jr., died when his son was only two years old, leaving but slender provision for his family. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Clark, devoted herself to his training and education, but she also died and left him before he had completed his thirteenth year. He worked upon the farm during the busy season of the year, and attended the district school in the winter, until he reached the age of eighteen, when he was offered the position of Recorder inthe office of Tilghman N. Chance, then Register of Wills of Talbot County, which he accepted and held till the following year, when his em- ployer’s term of office expired. During this year he had exhibited a marked aptitude for writing, and for the duties of his position, and had won by his careful attention to the business intrusted to him, the esteem and confidence of Samuel T. Hopkins, then Clerk of the Circuit Court for Talbot County, who though opposed to Mr, Turner in poli- tics, Mr. Hopkins being then the acknowledged leader of the Union party in Talbot County, and Mr. Turner a Demo- crat, yet offered to the latter the position of Recorder in his office. Mr. Turner accepted, and entered upon his duties in the early part of the year 1864. Onthe 13th of the following May he was qualified as one of the deputies of the Circuit Court for Talbot County, under Mr. Hop- kins, and held this position until the adoption of the new Constitution of 1867, when his friend and employer was retired from office. He was, however, immediately chosen by Mr. John Baggs, Mr. Hopkins’s successor in office, as his Chief Clerk and Deputy, and conducted during the entire term of Mr. Baggs the business and general management of the clerk’s office in Talbot County. At the expiration of this term, in 1873, he was nominated by acclamation, by aconvention of the Democratic party of Talbot County, to be Mr. Baggs’s successor, and although one half of the Democratic ticket was defeated, his nomination was ratified by the people by 2 handsome majority. He enjoys the confidence of both political parties, while he adheres to the faith of his father and grandfather, who were Democrats. They were also strong Methodists, and Mr. Turner inclines to the same church. In all his busy career he has found time for the indulgence and culture of his literary tastes, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and his addresses on public occasions are highly esteemed. On June 7, 1871, Mr. Turner was united in marriage with Sallie Powell Hopkins, eldest daughter of Henry P. Hop- kins, a prominent citizen and farmer of Talbot County. A IENER, Morris, M.D., was born in Berlin, é A 3 Prussia, January 15,1812. His father was Jas- se per Wiener, Esq., a wealthy banker of that city. : His mother, whose family name was Morris, was a born in the neighborhood of Glasgow, Scotland. At the early age of seven years the subject of this sketch was sent to Joalthimsthal Gymnasium College, where he graduated in 1828. In 1829 he entered the Berlin Fried- rich Wilhelm University as a student of philosophy. The following year he was taken seriously ill and was confined to his bed for over a year. When sufficiently recovered to endure the fatigue of travel, by the advice of his physi- cians, he left Berlin and for two years travelled through Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. The change of air, and scenery, and the excitement and interest of his jour- neyings, gave elasticity and health to mind and body. On his return in 1832, he entered the University at Berlin asa student of medicine, studying under Hufeland, Rust, Graefe (the father), Juenken, Bush, Wolf, and others. He graduated in 1836. The succeeding five years he practiced his profession in his native city. Much of his leisure he devoted to an investigation of the principles and practice of homceopathy, and believing that it rested on a firm and enduring basis of truth and reason, far excelling the old system in its power of healing and eradicating disease, he became its earnest and zealous disciple. Thus, with a thorough knowledge both of the principles and practice of different systems of medicine, he emigrated to the United States in 1842, and continued inthe practice of homceopathy. In 1849 he settled in Baltimore, where he has since con- tinued in the practice of his profession. He has contrib- uted many valuable articles to the medical journals. During his long practice in Baltimore he has met with that success which his scientific attainments and professional skill so well merit. land. His parents were James and Mary (Biddle) McClenahan. His grandparents emigrated to Amer- ica, and settled in Cecil County, Maryland, about the year 1750. Their children were John, James, Mary, Margaret, Elizabeth, and Ellen. His grandparents on the paternal side, Samuel and Ellen, were Scotch-Irish; on 5 (h cCLENAHAN, EsBENrzer DICKEY, was born ea November 22, 1806, in Cecil County, Mary- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the maternal side, English and Welsh. The country schools of that day afforded him his early education. When about ten years of age, Ebenezer attended the first Sunday-school that was organized in Maryland. That school was in- stituted by Sarah Wilson, daughter of Rev. John Wilson, a seceding Presbyterian minister. Mr. Wilson was an Eng- lishman, and proprietor of the New Leeds factory. The school was opened in the spring of 1816. Mr. McClena- han has been connected with Sunday-schools ever since, as scholar, teacher, and active worker. In 1832 he became a member of the first temperance society that was formed in Cecil County, and he has been noted for his labors and advanced views in the cause of temperance from that time. He was early apprenticed to a wheelwright and coach- maker, and, after serving his apprenticeship, removed to Elkton. In 1832° Mr. McClenahan commenced business on his own account in Port Deposit. He there married Margaret J., youngest daughter of John and Elizabeth Megredy. Aided by his brother-in-law, Daniel Megredy, | who was extensively engaged in quarrying granite, Mr. McClenahan subsequently entered into the same business. He continued in that line for some years, and was suc- ceeded by his sons, who are now the leading men in that branch in the State. Since his retirement from that busi- ness, Mr. McClenahan has been engaged in real estate speculations and in contracting. His varied business trans- actions have called him into twenty-one States of the Union. In 1828, although reared under Presbyterian influence and taught in its faith, he connected himself with the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, and for more than fifty years has been an active and useful member of its communion. His wife died February 12, 1877, on her sixty-eighth birthday. Their children are John Megredy, Robert Emory, Mary, Sarah W., Daniel Megredy, and Walter. John M. married Laura Jane Farron; they have twelve children, named as follows: Virginia, Charles Alfred, Laura, Anna Laura, Mary, John, William, Howard, Robert Emory, Summer- field, Hagerty, and Walter. Robert Emory married Eliza- beth Perry. Mary married Samuel Rowland Carson; they have three children, Mary E., Walter M., and John C. Sarah W. married Joseph W. Reynold. She died October 3, 1876, leaving seven children, Jacob Tome, Caroline Tome, Jesse, Mabel, Bertha, Robert Megredy, and Joseph Webb. Walter died June 19, 1876. eee KWeARRISON, Hon. Josrru, Legislator, was born y Wy February 22, 1823, in Berkeley County, Virginia. o Harrison. His mother died when he was two and a half years old, and his father when he was five. The family Bible and other records were lost, and he is 35 His parents were Caleb and Elizabeth (Blamer) 269 unable to trace his ancestry, but believes himself to be of the same family as President Harrison, whose birth was in Charles City County, of the same State. He was taken to live in the family of a distant relative, but they were people in humble circumstances, and after two years, ap- prenticed him at the age of seven years to a tailor, Mr. Eli Flemming, with whom he lived till he was twenty-one, when he removed to Washington County, Maryland, where he has since resided. He followed his trade a few years, then entered upon a general business career. He was Justice of the Peace for nearly twelve years; has specu- lated in lands, and owns several boats on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. In 1866 he was appointed Register by Governor Swann, which office he filled for four years. In 1877 he was elected to the General Assembly for two years, from January 1, 1878. As he is largely interested in the boating business on the great internal water highway of the State, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, he has several times been chosen to represent the boat-owners to the Governor, and obtain redress for grievances which they suffered. Mr. Harrison was married first to Miss Mary E. Synder, in 1849, by whom he had three children, only one of whom is living. She died in 1855. In 1856 he married Mrs. Mahala Eichelberger, by whom he has had one child, Benjamin F. In politics Mr. Harrison is now acting with the Democratic party. He was formerly a Whig, and has always been active in local politics. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A PeELFLEY, How. Barirasar, State Senator, named § OA } after a soldier who served during the entire Rev- ei olutionary war, was the son of Peter and Eva (Weimer) Welfley, and was born December 14, 1825, in Salisbury, Somerset County, Pennsyl- vania. His father was born in Frederick County, Mary- land, in 1787. His great-grandfather came from Germany nearly two hundred years ago. His maternal grandfather was an officer through the whole war of 1812. Mr. Welfley was educated at the common schools, and learned brickmaking. From 1840 to 1845 he was Captain of militia in Pennsylvania. He removed to Maryland in 1845, settling in Cumberland, where he remained till 1865, when he removed to Grant’s Villa, Garrett County, where he still remains, engaged, as heretofore, in the brickmak- ing business. Before the civil war he was a Democrat, and since that time has been a Republican. In 1877 he was elected State Senator for four years. He is a member of the Lutheran Church. He married Miss Elizabeth Keine, daughter of Judge Keine, of Somerset County, ‘Pennsylvania, 270 YY PSHUR, GrorcE M., was born at Snow Hill, in 4 Worcester County, Maryland, December 14, 1847. aa His parents were George M. Upshur, M.D., and @> Priscilla A. (Townsend) Upshur. They were united § in marriage in 1839. His mother was a daughter of the late Levin Townsend, of Snow Hill. His father was a native of Northampton County, Virginia, where his ances- tors lived from the time of the first emigrant of the name, Arthur Upshur, who came from Warwickshire, England, some time during the seventeenth century. George’s pa- ternal grandparents were James and Susan Upshur. This lady was a sister of Dr. John S. Martin, who practiced medicine for many years in Snow Hill. His father en- gaged-or a short time in mercantile pursuits, but afterwards studied medicine and graduated at Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia. He successfully practiced his profes- sion at Snow Hill for a number of years, but in 1864 he relinquished his practice and engaged in agriculture. Not meeting with satisfactory remuneration, he removed to Som- erset County, Maryland, and resumed the practice of medi- cine in 1867. He died, June 27, 1877, much lamented by a large circle of relations and friends. George received his preparation for college at Union Academy, Snow Hill, and when about sixteen years of age, was sent to Yale College. Soon after leaving college, he began the study of law under Ephraim K. Wilson, now (1879) one of the judges of the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland. Mr. Wilson soon after retired from active practice, Mr. Upshur continuing his studies under John H. Handy, Esq., then of Snow Hill, but now a distinguished member of the Bal- timore bar. Mr. Upshur was admitted to the bar in Snow Hill in October 1869, having been examined by the late Judge John R. Franklin. On his admission he opened an office and began practice, which he still continues. In January, 1874, he was appointed by the Board of County School Commissioners of Worcester County, Secretary, Treasurer, and Examiner of the public schools of that county. He was reappointed in 1876 and also in 1878. He still fills that position. There are sixty-eight schools in the county, of which three are high schools, four gram- mar schools, and nineteen exclusively for colored children, employing in all eighty-five teachers, and averaging nine months in the year. They are in a prosperous condition. Mr. Upshur is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, as were his parents; he is a vestryman of All- Hallows Parish. Politically he has always been 4 Demo- crat. He was married June 11th, 1873, to Miss Emma Upshur, a daughter of the late Judge John R. Frank- lin, They have one daughter and two sons. Mr, Up- shur has manifested such great interest in educational matters, and devoted himself so assiduously to the pub- lic schools of his county, that he has become thoroughly identified with everything connected with the improve- ment and development of the intellectual tastes of the com- munity. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ena) Be secs, Hon. Tuomas, Lawyer and State a Wy Senator, was born in Salisbury, Wicomico County, June 3, 1839, the only son, by his first - marriage, of Dr. Cathell and Leah (Walker) Humphreys. The name is Welsh, and the origi- nal orthography is here given as found in “ Burke’s Landed Gentry.” The Humphreys went to England at about the year I100, and attained, at different times, to high positions. One is mentioned as an Admiral in the English Navy. A branch came to America early in the history of New England, and settled in Connecticut. The family histoty is indistinct till about the year 1725, when one of the Humphreys came to Maryland, and settled in what is now Wicomico County, where their descendants have for the most part remained to the present time. The mother of Senator Humphreys was closely allied to the Dorman family, one of the oldest in the State. His father was one of the Presidential Electors who nominated Franklin Pierce. He was also a member of the House of Delegates in 1838, and was tendered the nomination for Governor, when Governor Ligon was chosen, but de- glined. He was a candidate for the United States Senate in 1860, but was defeated by James A. Pierce, by three votes in the caucus. He died in September, 1866, in the seventieth year of his age. He was no politician, and dis- dained any office that was sought and obtained by the or- dinary means. Mr. Humphreys was educated at Princeton College, where he graduated B.A. in 1859, and three years later took the degree of A.M. Dr. David Magee, now Professor in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, was his room-mate at that institution, and among his classmates were Judge Stump, of the Second Judicial Circuit of Maryland, Theodore C. Lyons, Chan- cellor of the State of Mississippi, and other distinguished men. From Princeton he went to the Harvard Law School, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, but upon the breaking out of the war, finding it unpleasant for a man with Southern principles to remain, he returned home and en- tered the law office of the late William S. Waters, of Bal- timore, and was admitted to the bar in the Superior Court of Baltimore city, in May, 1862. He then established himself at Salisbury, now Wicomico, where he has since continued the practice of his profession. After the war he was attorney for several parties who presented claims against the United States Government, for the use of lands and property occupied by the army. Out of the four claims presented three were obtained. In 1867@he was nominated to the State Convention to frame the new Con- stitution, but declined on account of family affliction. He was, however, chosen to represent before that Convention the desire of the people to have a new county formed from Somerset and Worcester. This mission was success- ful. It was the measure of the young Democracy against the old placemen of the party, who had controlled the politics of the counties for many years, and monopolized BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. all the offices. Salisbury became the county seat of the new county. On the formation of Wicomico, the new county, in October, 1867, Mr. Humphreys, although absent, was nominated for State’s Attorney, and elected without opposition. This office he held for four years, declining a renomination. In 1871 he was the prime mover of a petition to secure a survey of the Wicomico River, and pressed before Congress the importance of an appropriation for its improvement; securing in one instance an appro- priation of $20,000, and in another of $7500, by which the river has been made navigable to Salisbury. In 1874 he was a candidate for Congress, but was defeated by one vote in the convention, ex-Governor Thomas being the successful candidate. In 1875, when the Reform move- ment swept over the State, he, for the purpose of securing harmony in the Democratic party, accepted the nomination + of State Senator, being elected by a majority of eight hundred and sixty-five. Although the youngest member of the Senate, he has been very active and influential in that body. He has been for two sessions the Chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills. He is prominent in all matters affecting the interests and prosperity of his county. He originated and is Treasurer of the Salisbury Library Association. He has a large interest in a gold mining company, which owns twenty-five hundred acres of mining lands in Georgia. He was married in 1867 to Miss Virginia Treney, of Salisbury, chrrn9 (KWeALL, Hon. Francis Macruper, Farmer and d W : Legislator, was born in Prince George County, ome" Maryland, August 21, 1829, being the son of i, Francis and Ann Elizabeth (Snowden) Hall. His ~ father owned a large landed estate, and was an in- telligent and highly respected citizen of that county. His grandfather,. Francis Magruder Hall, was an officer in the war of 1812, a man of high standing and influ- ence, who represented his county for several years in the House of Delegates, and also in the State Senate. His remote ancestors were Catholics, and came to Mary- land from England with the Calverts, receiving patents for valuable estates. The Snowdens were also among the early settlers of Maryland; they were wealthy and very numerous. Mr. Hall attended the best schools of his native county, and spent two years at the Georgetown College, D. C., when he returned home and engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he still continues. He has a considerable estate, and before the war owned about fifty slaves. Mr. Hall has always been conspicuous as a turf- man, and for several-years has been a member of the Ex- ecutive Committee of the Jockey Club of Baltimore, He 271 has in his time owned several celebrated horses. He has always been allied with the Democratic party, but has never taken an active part in public affairs. In the fall of 1877 he was nominated on a fusion ticket, made up of local issues in his county, and elected to the House of Delegates for the term of two years from January, 1878. In the House, he proves himself a popular and useful member, looking closely after the interests of his constitu- ents. He married Miss Rosalie Eugenia, daughter of Charles Henry Carter, of a distinguished family in that county. Her mother was half sister to General Robert E. Leé. Mr. Hall’s wife died in 1875, leaving seven chil- dren,—Charles Carter, Clarence, Ella, Nicholas Snowden, Robert Lee, Julia and Rosalie Eugenia, QAy trict, Talbot County, Maryland, April 15, 1821, ae~’" His parents, William and Nancy (Hopkins) fo Brinsfield, were both natives of the same county, He was the fourth of the five children of the family, four of whom were boys. When he was quite young his father died, and the family were left in straitened cir- cumstances. He commenced when very young to work upon the farm (his father having been a farmer), and at- tended school in the winter from his eighth year until he reached the age of eighteen, after which he devoted him- self entirely to agriculture. Conjointly with his brother James and a neighbor he purchased a tract of woodland, from which they cut and sold the timber, and afterwards sold the land. In 1852 he purchased the farm known as “White Hall,” the residence of the Denny family for several generations, and the early home of Governor Ben- jamin Denny. Mr. Brinsfield now owns two hundred and twenty-seven acres of land in one bady, lying on Irish Creek, in Deep Neck and St. Michael’s District, and in addition rents and carries on a farm of one hundred and sixteen acres, owned by Dr. Hardcastle, of Trappe District. He is regarded as the most successful farmer in Talbot County. He keeps eight men’hired by the year, and in the busy season employs twenty-five hands. The annual yield of his farm has been as high as twenty-two hundred bushels of wheat, and two thousand bushels of corn. Mr. Brinsfield owes his success entirely to his own energy and industry. He is an estimable citizen. He married in February, 1866, Margaret A., daughter of John W. Mc- Daniel, of Bayside, Talbot County. Her mother was Sarah Wrightson, daughter of James Wrightson; both families have long been known and honored in that lo- cality. Mrs. Brinsfield’s brother, James McDaniel, is President of the St. Michael’s Agricultural Society, 1B tic Tate SoLomon, was born in Trappe Dis- 272 AG more, Maryland, November 30, 1837. His father, a professor of ancient languages, was the son of a : wealthy landowner and farmer, but his patrimony { being reduced by adverse fortune, he was driven to engage in the struggle for subsistence. He gave instruc- tion in the languages, maintaining an independent spirit, and preserving that general respect which integrity and honorable endeavor merit. His uncle on the maternal side was a Catholic bishop. Judge Gleeson’s mother was of French origin on the mother’s side, and was the daugh- ter of Counsellor John Roche, a prominent English bar- rister. His mother’s uncle was a professor of languages and belles-lettres, and principal of a flourishing academy at Washington, D.C. In-1825, on the occasion of the visit of Lafayette to Washington, he was selected as one of the committee of reception. The subject of this sketch was left an orphan at the age of twelve years, and his father dying in indigent circumstances, he at that early age began the battle of life. He entered into the employ of James Hodges & Brother, now a leading mercantile firm. He also followed other pursuits, and by his industry and savings, accumulated sufficient means to complete his edu- cation. He entered Loyola College, and graduated with distinction at that institution July 10, 1856. During his ‘collegiate career, he was noted for his love of languages, of which he was a very apt student. In July, 1858, Loy- ola College conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts. On leaving college he entered as a student at law with the Honorable James L. Bartol, now Chief Justice of the State of Maryland. In 1856 he was appointed librarian of the Baltimore Bar Library, and served in that capacity until the spring of 1859, when he was admitted to the bar, and opened a law office. The first address to a jury made by Judge Gleeson, was in a murder trial in the Criminal Court of Baltimore, in the defence of a colored man who went under the name of ‘“‘ Major Peterson.”” This was just after his admission to the bar, in the year 1859. Peterson was charged with wilful and premeditated murder in the killing of a fellow-stevedore, also colored, on the deck of a vessel lying at Bowley’s wharf. He was an African of the Guinea type, and quite a young man, born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and a slave until his majority. He lacked Christian training, fireside, church, and Sab- bath-school, and was wholly destitute and friendless. Judge Gleeson gave this unfortunate negro his services without charge. It appeared in the course of the evidence that Peterson, immediately after he struck the fatal blow which crushed the skull of his victim, went for water to relieve the deceased, and this point skilfully handled saved the life of the client. The defence rested upon two grounds, that the neglected education and want of moral training in the prisoner rendered him less accountable, and that the killing was done under a sudden control of pas- sion, and was therefore brought within the, statutory grade COE ore, Hon. WILLIAM E., was born in Balti- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of homicide in the second degree. The State’s Attorney, Mr. Whitney, omitted to elicit that the accused was directed by some one to go for the water, and the defence dwelt strongly upon this fact to establish the absence of premedi- tation on the part of the traverser, and his regret for his act. This satisfied the jury of their duty under the law. The prisoner was without relatives, and not a single friend appeared in court to evince an interest in his fate. These circumstances were pleaded and enforced to secure the sympathies of the jury. Up to this time, Mr. Whitney, the State’s Attorney, had treated the obscure young advo- cate for the prisoner with an apparently studied contempt, the more marked in the present case, which Judge Gleeson sensitively felt, and which led him in his address to the jury to criticize the State’s officer with unsparing severity. | The argument of Judge Gleeson on this occasion occu- pied two hours and a half, and its conclusion was attended by a very uncommon incident. Mr. Whitney arose from his seat, and in the presence of the jury and the court, cordially took Judge Gleeson by the hand and congratu- lated him on his “very handsome and able speech.” The effect was visible, and a point was at once added in favor of the prisoner. The jury, after a deliberation of twenty minutes, returned with the verdict asked for by the defence,—murder in the second degree. Then ensued another quite unusual scene; several of the jurors before being discharged, stretched forth their hands from the jury box to the counsel for the prisoner, and warmly congratulated him, saying: “ We did all we could for you.” Another interesting incident in the professional life of Judge Gleeson, was his argument before the Court of Appeals at a later period, of a case involving the con- stitutionality of an act of the Assembly. In the year 1874 the Legislature of Maryland enacted a law relating to the right of removal of civil cases. It provided that in case a party, either plaintiff or defendant, prayed » removal of the cause to an adjoining circuit for the reason that he be- lievéd he. could not have a fair trial in the court where the case was pending, unless he paid to the clerk the cost of the transcript and sent the record within sixty days after the order of removal was signed by the judge, then the case should be reinstated on the docket, and the right to remove thereafter extinguished. This law had been en- forced throughout the State, and had been regarded by the judges and lawyers of the circuits generally as a valid con- stitutional provision. The people had just adopted by a large majority the amendment to the Constitution revok- ing the right to remove in criminal cases, except for capital offences. Judge Gleeson, nothing daunted, brought up the - question by appeal from the Superior Court of Baltimore to the Court of Appeals, to test the constitutionality of this law, claiming that it was unconstitutional, as it abrogated a vested right guaranteed by the Constitution of Maryland. He succeeded in obtaining the unanimous concurrence of the entire bench of the Court of Appeals, which decided BIQGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in a most unequivocal manner that the act of 1874 was un- constitutional and void, and it was accordingly set aside. The argument of Judge Gleeson was pronounced by one who heard it as the finest intellectual effort ever listened to on that subject by that tribunal. The only other instance in the history of the jurisprudence of the State, though ques- tions of the kind have often arisen, where anact of Assembly was declared void by the Court of Appeals, was in the year 1823, a case argued by the late Chief Justice Taney. Judge Gleeson first entered political life during the presidential canvass of 1860, and identified himself with the Republican party. He was an active and earnest supporter of Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency. In the fall of 1860, he ad- dressed an audience of six thousand people at the Richmond Market, advocating the principles of the Republican party, and despite the disturbed condition of public affairs and the mob spirit then rife, he was heard without interruption. His personal popularity and the manner and matter of his ad- dress were such as to command the closest attention of his audience. He made several other speeches throughout the State during that campaign, and upon the accession of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency, was nominated, upon the recom- mendation of the Hon. Montgomery Blair, of Mr. Lin- coln’s Cabinet, as Judge of the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory. The appointment was confirmed in the United States Senate, May 9, 1861. He was the youngest person ever appointed by the government to a judicial position. This position he filled acceptably until June 18, 1866, when he was tendered the appointment of United States Consul at Bordeaux, France, by President Johnson, which, desiring to go abroad, he accepted. He served in that capacity until 4 change of administration. He was re- called from Dakota by President Grant in the fall of 1869, when he returned to Baltimore and resumed the practice of law. In the year 1864 he was sent as a delegate to the National Convention that met at Baltimore and renominated President Lincoln. He has taken no part in politics since the presidential canvass of 1872, when he ardently sup- ported the candidacy of Horace Greeley for President. By close application and devotion to his profession, Judge Gleeson has built up a fine practice and taken a prominent position at the Baltimore bar. His success with juries has been very marked. As a speaker he is logical, lucid, chaste, and eloquent. At the meeting of the bar on the death of Chief Justice Scott, the eulogium of Judge Gleeson was conceded to be the most eloquent on that occasion. ‘ as IRT, WILLIAM, was born November 18, 1772, at Wk. Al Bladensburg, Maryland. The loss of his parents @ at an early age caused him to be placed under the guardianship of his paternal uncle, Jasper Wirt, a resident of the same village. In his seventh year he was removed to Georgetown, District of 273 Columbia, but the chief part of his education was received at the school of the Rev. James Hunt, in Montgomery County, at which he was placed in his eleventh year, and continued till he was fifteen. Here he had the advantage of a good library, and became a student and author when about thirteen years of age. In 1789 he commenced the study of law at Montgomery Court-house, with Mr. Wil- liam Hunt. He was afterward a student at Leesburg, Virginia, under Mr. Thomas Swann, was licensed for practice in 1792, and removed to Culpepper Court-house in Virginia, where he commenced his professional career. He at this time possessed a vigorous constitution, with prepossessing manners; these, combined with great felicity of conversation, and a lively, fertile wit, made his society eagerly sought, especially by the gay and young. He married, in 1795, Mildred, the eldest daughter of Dr. George Gilmer, of Pen Park. Residing after his marriage with his father-in-law, who was an accomplished scholar and wit, and the intimate associate of Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madison, and Mr. Monroe, he found in these celebrated men, who were attracted by the benevolent character and hospitality of Dr. Gilmer, very desirable friends. The death of his amiable and accomplished wife in 1799, in- terrupted this happy and profitable course of life, and sus- pended, for awhile, his professional pursuits. For change of scene, he was persuaded to go to Richmond, his friends procuring his election to the clerkship of the House of Delegates, which post he held during three sessions of the Assembly. That body gave him a signal mark of its con- sideration, by appointing him, in 1802, the Chancellor of the Eastern Chancery District of Virginia. The same year he married the daughter of the late Colonel Gamble, of Richmond, and resumed the practice of law. In the winter of 1803-4 he wrote the essays under the name of “The British Spy.” They were published originally in the Richmond Argus. Some of the sketches in these essays had a wide popularity, especially that of the “ Blind Preacher.” In 1806, at the solicitations of his friends, he removed from Norfolk to Richmond, as a wider profes- sional theatre, then adorned by men of the first legal talents. Under the direction of President Jefferson he was employed as Prosecuting Counsel in the celebrated trial of Aaron Burr. This trial took place in 1807, and created an earnest interest in all classes of people. In the follow- ing winter he sat for the only time in a legislative body, being elected without canvass, a delegate to the Assembly from Richmond. The appointment of Mr. Wirt, by Mr. Monroe, tothe Attorney-Generalship of the United States, caused him to remove to Washington in the winter of 1817-18, and brought him into the arena of the Supreme Court. His practice soon became extensive, and his ce- lebrity kept pace with it. The Attorney-Generalship he held through three Presidential terms, longer by many years than any of his predecessors; and his labors seemed to surpass theirs in the same proportion. He resigned his 274 place at the end of Mr. Adams’s administration and re- moved to Baltimore. In 1830 he received a nomination among the candidates for the Presidency of the United States. As a writer Mr. Wirt is chiefly known by produc- tions, which were the work, or rather amusement, of a very small portion of leisure. The essays of the “ Spy,” and the “Old Bachelor,” were received by the public with uncommon pleasure, the “Old Bachelor” having gone through three editions, and the “ Spy ” through nine. The oratorical diction of Mr. Wirt was correct and elegant, various, rich, and remarkably perspicuous. His figure was dignified and commanding; his countenance open, manly, and playful; his voice clear and musical; his whole appearance truly oratorical. His aspect expressed both benignity and intelligence; and his enunciation was distinct. His action was unstudied, and perhaps less energetic than graceful. WY ICHOLLS, Joun, was born in Caroline County, a (Mc Maryland, in 1819. His father, Edward Nicholls, ; was a farmer, and afterwards resided near Fred- ericksburg. He lost his mother in his infancy. He was early sent to school at Bloomery, in his native county. When fourteen years of age he went to live with his uncle, William Nicholls, a merchant of Seaford, Dela- ware, and at his death engaged as clerk for Mr. Harris, of Sharptown, Maryland, with whom he continued till he was of age. In January, 1850, his employer advanced him money, and he commenced business for himself as a country merchant at Gilpin’s Point. He also became a vessel-owner and vessel-builder, and engaged largely in the grain and lumber business. He owned at one time one thousand acres of land, which he sold in part. In 1857 he purchased the Fowling Creek mill, and the following year a saw-mill, known as Nicholls’s mill. He afterwards’ bought two other mills. Mr. Nicholls was County Com- missioner, and served by appointment of the court as trus- tee and administrator in the settlement of many estates. He was from early life a Methodist, and filled with great acceptability and usefulness the offices of steward, trustee, class-leader, and Sunday-school superintendent. A man of large business capacity and successful in life, he was very liberal in the use of his means, befriending those struggling to succeed in life, and always ready and helpful to assist the poor and unfortunate. He was a Mason and lived the teachings of his order. In politics he was a Re- publican. During the civil war he was a decided Union man. He was three times matried; first to Elizabeth Walker, of Dorchester County, who died in 1849; in 1850 to Mary Ellen, daughter of John Elliott, of Fredericksburg. December 19, 1855, he was married to Mary Ellen, daugh- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ter of John Webster, of New Market, Dorchester County. Six children by his last marriage survived him, four of whom still: reside with their mother at Pleasant Hill, in the last-named county. Pres ROBERT ALFORD, son of James and Su- CBS san A. (Kelly) Poulton, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, December 13, 1838. His father was a native of Anne Arundel County, and came to Balti- more when twenty-one years of age and engaged in the grocery business. As was the custom at that time, ar- dent spirits were kept and sold as part of the stock in trade, but in 1841 Mr. Poulton being converted, came home, and emptied all his liquors into the street. He lived a consist- ent Christian life. His wife also was a most pious and exemplary woman. Their son Robert attended the public school No. 8, and at twelve years of age passed the best examination of any who entered the Central High School. ! The advantages of this institution he enjoyed but one year; his mother died and he had to leave school to earn his own support. He began as clerk, and worked his way up until now he is in partnership with his brother in a flourishing grocery business. In 1876 Governor Carroll appointed him a member of the Board of Assessors for Baltimore, in which position he has given great satisfaction. In 1877 he was elected to a seat in the City Council from the Six- | teenth Ward. He is on several important committees, and is a useful member of the Council. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and is Past Sachem in the Order of Red Men. He has always been a Democrat; is much attached to the Methodist Episcopal Church,in which he grew up, but has never united with any‘church. He was married, December 31, 1867, to Miss Mary A. Dielinhover, of Baltimore, and has three children, AVILLE, JouHN W., was born in Baltimore, May 28, gi ») 1843. He was the second son of John and Caro- ae line Saville, who were also natives of Baltimore. He was educated in the public schools of the city, until he was fifteen years of age, when he was sent to Bardstown, Kentucky, to complete his studies. He had always been particularly fond of mathematics, and also of drawing, and had made them each a specialty. Upon re- turning to Baltimore he found it necessary to decide upon his future course in life, and being so well prepared in the above-named studies, he concluded that the United States Navy offered him his appropriate field. He passed through his examination with great credit in 1862, but being still too young to fill any position, he was not admitted until Octo- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ber 28, in the same year, when he was appointed a third assistant engineer in the United States Navy by Hon. Gideon Welles. He was immediately ordered to the gun- boat Miami, then attached to the North Atlantic Block- ading Squadron, and was engaged in several battles in North Carolina. During the engagement with the rebel ram Albemarle, he was wounded, but was able to remain on board the vessel. On his recovery, he was appointed Acting Chief Engineer of the Miami. He was then the youngest officer in the squadron holding such a position, which was one of great responsibility. He continued to fill this office until June, 1864, when he was ordered to the Philadelphia Navy Yard for examination, which proved highly satisfactory, and he was promoted to the rank of Second Assistant Engineer. He was then ordered to the frigate Colorado, at Portsmouth, New ‘Hampshire, which sailed at once for Fortress Monroe. At his own request, he was detached from that vessel, and ordered to the monitor Canonicus, then on the James River. After some very severe fighting before Richmond his vessel was or- dered with the fleet of Admiral Porter to the coast of North Carolina, and took a very prominent part in both the attacks on Fort Fisher, and the batteries adjoining it. During the second attack on these forts he was again wounded. He was struck by a grape-shot, which cut off a piece of his left leg, and slightly injured the right leg. By this wound he was incapacitated for duty for seven weeks, and never fully recovered from it. He was present at the capture of Charleston, and after its surrender the Canonicus was ordered to the island of Cuba. It was the first monitor that had left the United States; it remained some time at Havana. Returning to Philadelphia in June, 1865, he was placed on waiting orders. In 1866 he was ordered to superintend the building of the gunboat Monoc- acy at Baltimore. On its completion he was ordered to sea-duty on that vessel, which joined the East India squad- ron. While in China his health began to fail, and he was ordered to return to the United States on sick leave. Taking passage from Japan in the mail steamer, he arrived at San Francisco just as the Pacific Railroad was com- pleted, and crossed the continent on one of the first through trains. In 1870, finding no improvement in his health, and consequently being incapacitated for active duty, he was ordered before the Naval Retiring Board, and upon their recommendation President Grant ordered him to be placed upon the retired list of the navy. Inthe year 1874 Mr. Saville married Mamie A. Herker, youngest daughter of Andrew Herker, since deceased, who for many years was engaged in the manufacture of iron railing. Mr. Saville has always been a Conservative Republican. He is amem- ber of the Mount Vernon Methodist Episcopal Church, His travels have been very extensive and varied, he having visited Europe, Africa, Asia, China, Japan, Siam, Malacca, Borneo, Brazil, the West Indies, portions of South Amer- ica and Canada, and each of the States of the Union. On 275 account of the delicate state of his health, he passes the winter months of each year on his Florida plantation. His brother, W. O. Saville, is United States Inspector of steam- boats at Baltimore. His youngest brother, Rev. Walter A. Saville, is a member of the Kansas Methodist Episcopal Conference. His ancestors were a noble family of England, 3 who having received distinguished favors from L Charles the First, refused to submit to the rule of Cromwell, and gathering up their wealth, sought a home in America. Theis-descendants are numerous in the counties of Frederick and Anne Arundel. His father, Eden Ham- mond, was a farmer of the first-named county. He married Charlotte Worthington, daughter of Nathan Hammond, of the same county. Ormond was their second child. He lost his father when only nine years of age. He was sent first to a private school, and afterwards for three years to the Academy of Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware. He then still further pursued his English studies at Baltimore, fol- lowed by a classical course at Georgetown, District of Columbia, and completed a liberal education at Philadel- phia, intending, in accordance with the wishes of his mother, to enter one of the learned professions. This pur- pose, however, was finally abandoned, and in his twentieth year he engaged as aclerk in a drygoods house in Baltimore, in which he continued for three years, when he removed to his present residence in St. Michael’s District. The es- tate is called “ Solitude,” and is situated on a branch of the Choptank River. Here since 1847 he has devoted him- self to agriculture, and has been for twenty years an active CW ASMMOND, HonorRasleE ORMOND, was born in a \) . Frederick County, Maryland, November 9, 1825. x -and leading member of St. Michael’s Agricultural Society, of which he is now the Secretary. He is an energetic, in- telligent, and practical farmer. He was elected in 1867 to the Constitutional Convention of the State from Talbot County, and was recognized as one of its most able mem- bers. Clearheaded and hardworking, he took a large share in the business brought before that convention, and served efficiently on its committees. In 1868 he was elected by the Democratic party to the State Senate, in which he was also prominent. In 1870 he was a member of the House of Delegates, and as Chairman of the Com- mittee on Education reported the present school system of the State. In all that relates to the public good, whether agriculture, education, or politics, Mr. Hammond still con- tinues to take a large interest, and the Christian Church finds in him a conscientious and liberal member. He was married, in 1847, to Mary M., daughter of Rev. Luther J. and Maria S. (Keener) Cox, of Baltimore, and sister of Lieutenant-Governor Cox, of Maryland. They have had 276 eleven children, eight boys and three girls. The eldest son, named for his father, is in the shoe business in Baltimore. The eldest daughter graduated from college with great distinction, and is now a professional teacher. Mr. Ham- mond isa Mason. He is President of the Workingmen’s Building and Loan Association of St. Michael’s, and is a general insurance agent. He is held in the highest estima- tion by all his associates. ( ARTER, RicHarp JouN, was born near Whitelys- I burg, Kent County, Delaware, November 21, 1820. His father, John Carter, a farmer and consistent yO +) » member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, lived t only until his thirty-fifth year, his death occurring in April, 1828. About the year 1817 he had been united in marriage with Rebecca (Cubbage) Edwards, widow of Abner Edwards, an excellent Christian woman, who also died in 1828, a few months after the death of her husband. Their son, Richard John, was sent to school in his sixth year, but left an orphan at the age of eight, he went to live with his uncle, Richard Carter, for whom he had been named, and from that time attended school but two months in the year in the winter season, working the rest of the time according to his strength upon the farm. Of course mich that he gained in the two months was lost during the following ten. He remained with his uncle until he was twenty-one years of age. Though he had been treated with kindness he received at that time no other compensation for his years of labor but a freedom suit and a horse. He worked on the same farm afterwards as the leading hand for two years, when he went to live with his married sister, and worked three years as a farm hand for his brother-in-law. In 1847 he, with another young man, took charge of a farm near Ruthsburg, which they culti- vated jointly for one year, after which he rented a farm by himself five miles from Centreville, and the same year was married to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of William S. Price, of Union Farm, Queen Anne’s County, to which he re- moved six years later. Here he has since continued to reside, purchasing the property, which includes one hun- dred and eighty acres of land, from his father-in-law, in 1862, and adding to it thirty-six acres of woodland. In 1865 he purchased the Wye farm, one hundred and ten acres, in 1872 the Denbigh farm, one hundred and fifty- seven acres, and in 1878 the Newmarket farm, of one hun- dred and nine acres, lying near Queenstown. His prop- erty now consists of five hundred and ninety-two acres of excellent land, divided into four farms, and a dwelling and storehouse in Queenstown, which he purchased in October, 1878. Mr. Carter united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1837, in which he has been an office- bearer most of the time since. He is now Superinten- | BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. dent of the Sunday-school at Queenstown. His wife has been a member of that church from her childhood. He attributes his success in life as much to her careful economy and wise management as to his own industry. They have five children, one son and four daughters. rT N i REMPLE, WIL.iAM E., Register of Wills for Queen Ji IS Anne’s County, is a native of Templeville, in the "eastern part of that county, and was born in 1836. o His father, James Temple, a well-known and re- spected citizen of the same county, served as a mem- ber of the State Legislature in 1850. He married Annie, daughter of William Day, of Delaware. Their son Wil- liam was brought up to a practical acquaintance with agri- cultural life, and enjoyed only such educational advantages as the common schools afforded. On reaching manhood he established a general~country store in Templeville, which, however, he failed to make a success. In 1869 he was elected Sheriff of Queen Anne’s County, on the Demo- cratic ticket, and served during the years 1870-71, greatly to the satisfaction of all parties. In November, 1875, he was elected one of the Commissioners of the county on the same ticket, and served in this position with much credit for two years. In November, 1877, he was nominated and elected Register of Wills. This office he fills with efficiency and fidelity, and has earned by his integrity and reliability the confidence of the community irrespective of political creeds. He was brought up in the principles of the old Whig party. Since 1866 he has been associated with the Democracy. Mr. Temple was married in 1857 to Rachel Emily, daughter of Charles Schulley, a farmer, all of the same county. He has had eight children, of ~ whom only three, two sons and a daughter, survive. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Temple is a prominent and liberal member, and in which he has held official positions for a number of years. He joined the Order of Odd Fellows in 1867. He isa man of great industry and recognized business talent; of unquestioned standing and integrity. w—eANAHAN, THomas M., Lawyer, was born in Rock- 4 a ingham County, Virginia, in 1828. His ancestors oy came from Ireland to America in 1770, at the re- i, quest of an English uncle, surnamed Daniel, a gen- $=» tleman of prominence, who many years before had settled in the then colony of Virginia, and who, being en- feebled by age and possessed of estates, desired the presence of lineal heirs. He died at the advanced age of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. eighty-five. The family settled at Harrisonburg, Rocking- ham County, Virginia. Mr. Lanahan’s father was Thomas Lanahan, an architect by profession; and his mother’s maiden name was Margaret Conkling. They had nine children—six daughters and three sons—six of whom are at present living. Of the three sons, John chose the min- istry, and has attained to eminence as a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church. William entered into mer- cantile pursuits and conducted business with success for 9 long time in Baltimore city. He died in 1869. Thesub- ject of this sketch came to Baltimore in 1840, being then twelve years of age. After prosecuting his studies there for some time, he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1842. From that institution he went to St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, where he graduated with distinction in 1847, at the early age of nineteen. Entering the office of Charles H. Pitts, a very distinguished lawyer of that time, he pursued the study of law with such suc- cess that in 1849, two years after his graduation at St. Mary’s College, he was admitted to practice in the Mary- land courts as an attorney-at-law. He immediately began the practice of his profession, and at once attained great prominence, being retained in cases of magnitude and importance. The results of his professional life up to this time have been tersely summed up by an old and distinguished lawyer of the Maryland bar, in an article entitled “‘ Biographical Sketches of the most distinguished Lawyers of the State,” published in the Baltimore Gazette, December 22, 1877, in which he says: “One of the most successful lawyers of my day has been Thomas M. Lana- han. He commenced life without the advantages of for- tune, though favored with an elaborate education he had received at St. Mary’s College. By industry and a diligent attention to the interests of his clients, his practice has yearly increased, and for twenty years past has equalled that of any other member of the bar.” Mr. Lanahan from the commencement of his career in 1849, has studi- ously avoided politics, and made his profession his sole occupation. The only departure he has ever made from a settled purpose to avoid political life was in 1860, when from a mere personal friendship for the late Stephen A. Douglas, he consented, on urgent solicitation, to enter into the Presidential campaign of that eventful period, and went as a delegate from Baltimore to the Charleston Con- vention, when from first to last he adhered with his ac- customed firmness to that distinguished statesman. In 1849 he married Matilda Passano, daughter of Joseph Passano. They have one child. Mr. Lanahan’s life has been pre-eminently a busy and useful one. His career and the large fortune he has amassed by personal effort and worth teach a lesson to be remembered by youth, and illustrate the fact, that there is no profession in this coun- try that does not offer distinguished honor and great re- ward to those who seek them with a steady purpose and determined energy, such as he has always manifested. 36 277 i OALE, COLONEL SAMUEL, was born in Maryland, \ 1771. His grandfather, John Moale, was a A wealthy English merchant, and one of the i earliest settlers in the Province of Maryland. In 1723 he became the purchaser of a large and valuable tract of land, now included within the limits of Baltimore city. He was applied to for land for the pur- pose of laying out a town, and not only withheld his assent, but hastened to take his seat in the Provincial As- sembly, where he defeated the project. He married the daughter of Captain Robert North, who commanded the ship Content, and visited the Patapsco as early as 1723. The latter was one of the original purchasers of lot No. ro, at the northwest corner of Long, now Baltimore Street, and Calvert Street, not then named. The lots, which em- braced an acre each, were sixty in number, and were bought from Charles and David Carroll, the sons of Charles Carroll, who was one of the. land agents of the Proprietary from 1691 to 1726. In 1732 Captain North built a house on lot No. 2, Jone Street. He was one of the Town Commissioners to lay off a new town called Jonetown. John Moale, Sr., died in 1740, leaving his widow and two sons, John and Richard, to inherit his valuable estate. In 1753 John Moale, Jr., was manager of a lottery to build a wharf. In 1754, besides a homestead, he built a house on the southeast corner of Calvert Street and Lovely Lane. In 1767 he was one of the delegates to the Provincial Assembly, and in 1768 one of the Com- missioners to build a court-house and prison at Joppa, on the Gunpowder River, which were subsequently sold by them. During the building of the court-house, the courts were held ina hall over the market-house that stood on the corner lot north of Baltimore and west of Gay Street. In 1773 he was one of the Trustees to erect a poorhouse on Howard Street, and in the succeeding year was a Pre- siding Justice of the County Court, and a member of the Convention of that year (1774). In 1781 he was Chair- man of the Committee to receive General Washington on his visit to Baltimore. In 1782 he became one of the Town Commissioners, and also one of the Associate Jus- tices of the Criminal Court, Samuel Chase being the Chief Justice. The same year he made an accurate sketch of Baltimoretown, which is still in existence. He died July 5, 1798, leaving two daughters, Elizabeth, who married Richard Curson, and Rebecca, who married Thomas Russell, both of whom were leading merchants at that time. The third, John Moale, left one daughter, Ellen, who married the eldest son of the Chevalier de Bernabeau, who was appointed his Catholic Majesty’s consul for Maryland, where he came to reside in 1795. He was lost at sea. Samuel Moale, his grandson, was educated at St. John’s College, Annapolis, with the view of becoming a lawyer. At the age of eighteen years he left school and went to Baltimore, where he studied law with Samuel Johnson, who was always called “the honest. 278 lawyer.” September 19, 1208, Mr. Moale was appointed by the Governor, First Lieutenant of Captain Robert G. Harper’s Artillery Company, attached to the Third Brigade of the Maryland Militia in the city of Baltimore. May 24, 1812, he was appointed by Governor Bowie, Captain of the same artillery company, attached to the same regiment, and December 2, 1816, was promoted to be Major of same. March 18, 1818, he was appointed Colonel of the Second Artillery Regiment, attached to the Fourteenth Brigade. He participated in the defence of Baltimore in 1814, being stationed at Fort McHenry during its bom- bardment; exhibiting, during the action, the utmost cool- ness and bravery. Whilst the shells were bursting over the fort, a companion asked Colonel Moale, while he was walking on the parapets of the fort, where he was going to dine that day. His characteristic reply was that “ they would dine in eternity if they did not fight hard.” Col- onel Moale’s company fired the alarm guns on the appear- ance of the British in the Patapsco. The company was stationed on the corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets, where Cohen’s Bank now stands. These guns were fired in response to guns fired on Federal Hill as soon as the enemy’s ships were noticed entering the river. At the age of twenty-five years, Colonel Moale married Ann M. Howard, daughter of Samuel Harney Howard, of Annapolis, the marriage ceremony being performed by Rev. Ralph Higenbotham. The issue of this union were three children, Ellen, who married Samuel Hol- lingsworth; Susan R. H., who married John Travers ; and Samuel Howard Moale, who married Eleanor Git- tings. He married the second time Ann G. White, daugh- ter of Abraham White, of Baltimore, by whom he had eight children. Two of them died in infancy. The others were Mary Susan, who married General John G. Foster, United States Army; Frances North, who married General John Gibbon, United States Army; Ann White Moale, who married Doctor Berwick Smith, son of Pro- fessor Nathan R. Smith; Henry, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, who married Margaretta E. Elder, daughter of Francis Elder; Colonel Edward Moale, United States Army, who married Jeannie Wilson, daughter of Richard Wilson; Augusta Moale, who married Colonel Wilson Nicholas. John Travers had one son and two daughters, William R. Travers, of New York, a very prominent stock- holder, and well known for his benevolence and. wit, and Ellen and Mary Travers, of New York. Their grand- father, John Moale, who married Ellen North, daughter of Robert North, was the first white child born in Baltimore. Colonel Samuel Moale was » prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and its Treasurer when the Order built the old hall on St. Paul Street, where the present City Court is now held. His political sentiments were those of the old Federal party. When the Know-Nothing organization came into existence, he allied himself with the. Democratic party, the principles of which he con- BIOGRAPHICAL, CYCLOPEDIA. tinued to support until his death, which occurred February 21, 1857, at the mature age of eighty-six years. Colonel Moale, in stature, was five feet eight inches. He was of rather a stout build, had a fair complexion, blue eyes, and enjoyed most excellent health. He was very particular in his diet, and remarkably so in his attire. Asa chancery lawyer, he occupied the most distinguished position, and enjoyed the same reputation for integrity and faithful at- tention to the interests of his clients, as did his illustrious legal preceptor, Samuel Johnson. Upright and conscien- tious to the highest degree, he was implicitly intrusted with the management and settlement of the most important cases and estates. It may be interesting to here relate an incident of his law student days, which was the fact of his then fighting a duel with Judge Hanson. There was no fatal result, however, and the difficulty between him and the Judge was amicably adjusted. Colonel Samuel Moale was a most highly respected and honored citizen of Balti- more. Born before Baltimore was incorporated as a city, he lived to see it become one of the largest and most pros- perous cities of America. Having been identified with its early history, its material progress and prosperity, its bene- ficial institutions, as well as its preservation from British aggression, he well deserves to be classed among the rep- resentative men of Maryland. ~ (i cCULLOUGH, JETHRO JOHNSTON, was born o p M2 March 8, 1810, in White Clay Creek Hundred, eA about four miles north of Newark, New Castle ‘ County, Delaware. He was named after Jethro Johnston, a Baptist minister (at one time in charge of the London Tract Baptist Church, located in the lower edge of Chester County, on White Clay Creek), an uncle of Jethro Johnston, who formerly lived at Bay View, Cecil County, Maryland. Jethro J. McCullough was one of a family of eleven children, he having six brothers and four sisters—all of whom he survived. His father, Enoch Mc- Cullough, died in 1827, and was buried in the Baptist churchyard at London Tract Church. He was also a na- tive of Delaware, and was by trade a carpet and coverlet weaver. He was a skilful workman, and had the reputa- tion of making superior articles, celebrated for their beauty and durability. When Jethro was only six years and six months old, he was placed at work in the old Roseville cot- ton factory, located on the White Clay Creek, on the road leading from Newark to Stanton. In this factory he spent about two years of his life, working, as was the custom at that time, for six months of the year, when the days were longest, from sunrise to sunset, and the other part of the year from sunrise to eight o’clock at night. When eight years of age he went into his father’s shop, where he as- sisted in the preparation of work, winding bobbins for the _ ty ty GI _ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. weaving of carpets and coverlets, and such other light work as he was able to perform. During this early period of his life his opportunities for acquiring an education at school were very meagre and limited. Some years he at- tended school for a few weeks in the winter season; but these brief periods of his life were like angels’ visits, few and far between. He continued to assist his father in the manufacture of coverlets and carpets until the time of his death, which was in 1827, when the subject of this sketch was in his seventeenth year. In his eighteenth year, after consulting with his mother, who concluded that it was possible for her to manage without aid from him, he ap- prenticed himself to the millwrighting business for the term of three years. He was to receive as compensation for his services, besides the acquisition of the trade, his boarding and clothing during his apprenticeship, and a suit of clothing of better quality, called a freedom suit, at the expiration of his term of service. In this connection, we mention a circumstance that shows the solid foundation upon which the structure of his life was built, and which displays the kindness of his heart, and the generosity of his nature. His aged mother had become destitute of means and involved in debt. It was an irresistible appeal to his affection, and he agreed with his master to relin- quish his claim to the freedom suit, upon condition that the estimated price of it should be paid to her. He also assumed all the debts that she had been obliged to contract during his apprenticeship, all of which he subsequently paid. He continued to work at his trade as a journeyman millwright for about two years, his wages being seventy-five cents and one dollar per day. During this time he dis- charged the debts of his mother assumed by him, and at the age of twenty-three years found himself square with the world. About this time he began the business of millwrighting on his own account, and soon had a large quantity of work and employed many hands. For a num- ber of years he was the principal millwright in his section, and prosecuted his trade in the counties of Cecil, Chester, and New Castle. Healso turned his attention to mechani- cal drawing, a knowledge of which was of great use to him in his trade. He continued the business of mill- wrighting for nine years, during which he reaped the benefit of his early training in habits of industry and economy, and amassed a competency, or what in those days was considered a respectable sum for a moderate man, In 1842 Mr. McCullough took an interest in a small rolling mill on Red Clay Creek, near Stanton, and formed a partnership with the former proprietors of it, Messrs. C. P. & J. Marshall. The partnership between Mr. McCul- lough and the Messrs. Marshall expired by limitation five years from the time it was formed, and Mr. Cullough purchased the North East Forge property, on his own ac- count, February 2, 1847, and went there to live March 16 of the same year. Just before he removed, however, he and some of the other members of the now McCullough 279 Iron Company, formed a partnership under the name and style of McCullough & Co., and which in 1861 was incor- porated as the McCullough Iron Company of Cecil County, under the corporation laws of the State, and afterwards reincorporated by an act of the Legislature in February, 1865, as the McCullough Iron Company. As business grew better, and the means of the firm warranted it, they gradu- ally enlarged and extended their business facilities, and in 1853 purchased the site of the Westamwell Iron Works near Elkton, and erected the Westamwell Mill. which, for a time, was supplied with bar iron from North East. In 1856 the firm purchased the ‘“ Stony Chase” tract of land, near North East, adjoining their other property there, and the same year erected the Shannon Mill, which is run by water power, the fall being about thirty-four feet. The machinery in this mill is very massive. The capacity of the works of the firm at North East was increased by the erection of the Shannon Mill, to about eight hundred tons per annum, or double what it was before. In 1857 they purchased, from Mr. Joseph Roman, the Rowlands- ville Mill, near the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad, and near the junction of that road with the Co- lumbia and Port Deposit road. A track from the former runs into each of them, thus giving the company many advantages for the prosecution of the business, which are unsurpassed by any mills in the State. The capacity for these mills is about sixteen hundred tons of sheet iron per annum. Owing to the increased demand for sheet iron, the company found it necessary to erect a steam mill in 1863, at North East. This mill was erected especially for the mannfacture of bar iron for the use of the sheet mills at Rowlandsville and Westamwell, the manufacture of bar iron being discontinued at those mills, and the whole power there being used in the manufacture of sheet iron. This company are the sole owners and proprietors of Harvey’s patent, and the only one that uses it in the United States, or probably in the world. The introduction of this new feature in their business added much to the demand for their iron, placing it, so far as cleanliness and facility in handling are concerned, upon a level with the best ‘* Russia sheet.” About the year 1853, the McCul- lough Iron Company commenced the manufacture of gal- vanized iron, being the first to introduce this business in the United States. They sent to Europe for a man skilled in this branch of industry, and for a time had exclusive control of it in this market. They had previously obtained a knowledge of the process by their own ingenuity and study. This branch of the business is conducted at the American Galvanizing Works, located in Philadelphia, at Washington Avenue and Sixteenth Street, the company owning the square between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets and Washington Avenue and Ellsworth Street. After the company commenced the manufacture of gal- vanized iron, they found it necessary to erect a forge with six fires, and to use two steam-hammers for the manufac- 280 ture of charcoal iron, it being more suitable for galvan- izing purposes than that made with stone coal. They now have two steam-hammers and eighteen forge fires at their works at North East. The present capacity of all the mills of this company in Cecil County, when run on full time, is about four thousand tons of sheet iron per annum, while their forges have the capacity of about five thousand tons of blooms per annum. When all their works are run on full time, they employ directly and indirectly about three hundred and fifty men, and have about four thousand acres of land in Cecil County, from which they obtain a part of the charcoal they use, but obtain annually from other sources, when business is brisk, many thousand bushels. This company also owns the Minquas Rolling Mill, in Wilmington, Delaware, and Mr. McCullough and Mr. McDaniel are interested in the Diamond State Rolling Mill, and the Philadelphia Architectural Iron Works. Many of the hands employed by the company have been in its service for a number of years, and the utmost good feeling and friendship exists between them and their em- ployers. Both the employers and the employés seem to recognize the fact that each have rights that the other should respect, and that their interests are mutual. During his residence in Cecil County his fellow-citizens frequently indicated their appreciation of Mr. McCullough’s char- acter by selecting him for positions of public trust. In politics, an outspoken and uncompromising Unionist, he left nothing undone that was in his power to accomplish in behalf of the Government, and freely lent it three of his sons to aid in the suppression of the Rebellion. In 1855, and again in 1859, he was elected County Commis- sioner. During the troublous times of the war he was elected to the’ State Legislature, served as a Delegate in the regular session of 1865, and again in the special session of 1866, about which time he moved his family from the county and made his residence permanently in Wilming- ton, Delaware. He was a consistent and devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church from his early man- hood to the time of his death, which occurred in Philadel- phia, Saturday, May 25, 1878, and contributed largely and generously of his means for the erection of churches, and the diffusion and maintenance of the faith which he pro- fessed. He always was an active friend of temperance reform, contributing freely both money and influence in its behalf, and using every laudable means in his power to induce the employés of the company to refrain from the use of intoxicating drinks. On January 2, 1834, he married Miss Elizabeth Tull, of Cecil County, the issue of the marriage being nine sons and one daughter. Of his sons, three, George, Jethro, and John, have served their country in the army, two of whom, with Enoch, the oldest son now living, manage successfully the mills at Rowlands- ville. The life of Jethro J. McCullough forcibly inculcates the lessons of sobriety and integrity, of generosity and truthfulness. He practiced daily the habits of temperance BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. that he urged upon others, and consistently illustrated in his own career the sincerity of his professions. er ver BENJAMIN, the third son of Benjamin and it) Effie Silver, and one of nine children, was born “December 25, 1782, at his father’s residence, in ' Harford County, Maryland. His father was the second son of Gershom and Mellicent Silver, of New Jersey. They emigrated from near Burlington, New Jer- sey, to Harford (then Baltimore) County, Maryland, about 1760, when their son Benjamin was ten years old. Ger- | shom was a son of John Silver, who, with two brothers came from England to New York, or New Jersey, the time unknown. When he removed to Maryland he purchased a farm of three hundred acres on the south side of Deer Creek, in Harford County, about two and a half miles from its mouth, on which he lived and raised a family of nine children, six sons and three daughters. He died in 1775, when his son Benjamin became proprietor, and married Effie Smith, daughter of Japheth Smith, also from New Jersey. His elder brother William, entering the Revolu- tionary army, never returned. Benjamin, his third son, the subject of this sketch, was born and spent his early life on the farm above mentioned. His education was such as ' was acquired at the common schools of that day. Early in life he entered into business for himself. His father having a family of nine children, and possessed of only a small farm, was unable to assist him to any great extent. He being a young man of enterprise and energy, and living near the Susquehanna, early engaged in fishing in that river, and soon extended it to the head-waters of the Chesa- peake Bay. He became one of the most extensive and successful fishermen of the State. The fish then (herring and shad) being very abundant in the Susquehanna River and tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, as well as in the Potomac River, it was a matter of more moment to know how to cure and pack for market in good condition than to catch; the seines had been so lengthened and the equip- ments so improved that the hauls were at times enormous. He was also largely engaged in agriculture. He had a strong inclination to acquire landed property, and his in- vestments ran in that direction. But the means of improv- ing land at that time were meagre; it was before fertilizers came into use. He used fish-pickle from his own and other fisheries, and largely wood-ashes from the cities, which gave fine crops of wheat, corn, clover, etc. He also. grazed cattle extensively. In the war of 1812, when the city of Baltimore was threatened by the approach of the British army under General Ross, he took part in its defence under Colonel William Smith. He gave his children a liberal education, and always took a deep interest in edu- cational matters. His time being much occupied with his BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. favorite avocations, he never sought nor desired public office, but declined in favor of others. He was appointed Commissioner to disburse the State fund for the education of poor children in his section of the county before the public or common-school system was adopted by the State, and served in that capacity for a number of years. He married in 1806 Charity Warnock, daughter of Philip War- nock, of Scotch descent, who came to Maryland in 1774 from the north of Ireland. His ancestors fled from Scot- land to Ireland in the time of the persecution. Shortly after his marriage he purchased a farm on Deer Creek, ad- joining his father’s, on which he lived till his death in 1847, in his sixty-fifth year, from paralysis, a family disease, his father, mother, brother, and two sisters having died of the same. He had nine children, seven sons and two daugh- ters. Several of his sons engaged in the same business as that of their father’s, that of fishing and farming. Mr. Silver was a portly gentleman, of a cheerful, pleasant coun- tenance, and strong voice. He enjoyed remarkably good health till near the close of life. In a business point of view he had few, if any, superiors in the county, and he seemed to have an intuitive faculty of reading the char- acter of men even on slight acquaintance. In religion he adhered to the Presbyterian faith, and was from early man- hood a liberal supporter of the Presbyterian Churchville church, being a member thereof in the latter part of his life. This church at that time was under the pastoral charge of the Rev. William Finney, a minister universally - esteemed. He, in connection with a few others of his neighborhood, erected in 1837, chiefly with their own means, a branch church, known as Deer Creek Harmony Church, for a more convenient house of worship, of which the Rev. William Finney also had charge. (i CCAFFRAY, GEORGE, was born in Baltimore, | Ne January 26, 1836, where he spent his early youth, attending various schools, until the age e of eleven years, when he entered Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburg, Maryland. He re- _ mained four years in that institution, and then entered, in a clerical capacity, a mercantile establishment in Balti- more. He served therein, and in another respectable mercantile house, until 1862, when he entered into the Confederate service. Shortly thereafter, in the execution of certain duties for the Confederate government, he was taken prisoner by the Federal forces. He spent some six months in captivity, at the Old Capitol Prison at Wash- ington and at Fort McHenry, when he was released on parole. Among those who were incarcerated with him were Judge Carmichael and State’s Attorney Powell, both of Queen Anne’s County. Mr. McCaffray’s health was so much impaired by his confinement in prison, that it has 281 never been completely restored. During his service under the Confederate government he had occasion to visit Nassau, West Indies, and whilst on the voyage was ship- wrecked off Cape Hatteras. After the war Mr. McCaffray entered into mercantile business in Baltimore, continu- ing to prosecute the same until 1868, when he was ap- pointed by Governor Thomas Swann, Justice of the Peace for Baltimore city, the responsible duties of which posi- tion he has so faithfully and acceptably performed as to cause his retention therein up to the present writing. For two years of the above period he acted as Police Justice of the Northwestern Station in the most satisfactory man- ner. In 1873 Mr. McCaffray’s name was prominently as- sociated with the Democratic nomination for Register of Wills of Baltimore city, and it was generally conceded that he actually had a majority of one in the nominating convention, but by one of those peculiar processes only known in political matters, his opponent was declared the nominee. In 1877, on the death of the then incumbent of the Clerkship of the Superior Court of Baltimore City, a large portion of the Democratic party urged the appoint- ment of Mr. McCaffray to fill the vacancy, on account of his eminent fitness for the position, and his unjust treatment in the nominating convention of 1873. Mr. McCaffray is pleasant and affable to a marked degree, having a kind word for every one. He isa consistent and earnest sup- porter of Democratic Conservative principles, and is very popular with his party. In 1866 he married a daughter of Michael Connelly, long and prominently known in Balti- more as a successful teacher. rs. James Mercer, M.A., LL.D., Principal GC of St. John’s College, Annapolis, Maryland, was born April 24, 1840, at Aldie, Loudon County, Vir- a ginia, the residence of his great-uncle, General Charles Fenton Mercer. His parents were Theodore S. and Florentina J. (Morens) Garnett. His mother was the daughter of Francisco Morens, of Pensacola, Florida, Con- sul for Spain at that city; her eldest sister married Hon. Stephen R. Mallory, formerly United States Senator from Florida, and afterwards Secretary of the Navy of the Con- federate States. The grandfather of Dr. James M. Garnett was James Mercer Garnett, of Elmwood, Essex County, Virginia, who represented his State in the United States Congress, and was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1829. His great-uncle, Robert S. Garnett, father of General Robert S. Garnett, who was killed at Carrick’s Ford, West Virginia, in 1861, also represented the State in Congress. His great-grandfather, Judge James Mercer, was on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and was a member of the State Convention of 1776. His great- uncle, General Charles Fenton Mercer, represented the Lou- 282 don district of Virginia in Congress from 1817 to 1839, was a leading member of the Colonization Society, and was the first president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. General Mercer was the son of Judge James Mercer, of Virginia, and nephew of Governor John Mercer, of Maryland. The father of Dr. Garnett, and his uncle, Charles F. M. Gar- nett, were both civil engineers, the latter having been Chief Engineer of the State of Georgia, of the Virginia and Ten- nessee Railroad, and of the Dom Pedro II Railroad in Brazil, 1856-59. Owing to his father’s occupation as civil engineer, Dr. Garnett spent his life as a child in Virginia, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Florida, Kentucky and North Carolina, from which State, at the age of thirteen, in 1853, he entered the Episcopal High School of Virginia, near Alexandria, then under the rectorship of his uncle by marriage, Rev. John P. McGuire. There he remained four years, leaving in 1857 with the first honor of the school, and entering the University of Virginia in the fall of that year. Here he remained two years, graduating in 1859 with the degree of Master of Arts. He taught during the session of 1859-60, and returned to the University in the fall of 1860, to pursue certain studies not embraced in the regular course for the M.A. degree. The disturbances of the country caused the formation of two military com- panies among the students, and as a member of one of these he went to Harper’s Ferry, April 17, 1861, the day of the secession of Virginia. The service there was brief, and he entered the Confederate Army regularly July 17, as a private in the Rockbridge Artillery, attached to the brigade of General T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson, stationed near Winchester. He participated in the first battle of Manassas, on the 2Ist of that month. The following No- vember he was promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant, and was soon after assigned to duty by General Jackson on his staff as Chief of Ordnance of the Valley District in Virginia. He served for several months in this capacity, and later as Ordnance Officer of the Stonewall Brigade, and of the division to which that brigade was attached, taking part in General Jackson’s Valley campaign, and was engaged in the seven days’ battle around Richmond, the second battle of Manassas, and the battle of Sharpsburg. He was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant in June, 1862. In December of that year, having passed the ord- nance examinations, he received the rank of Captain of Artillery for ordnance duty, and was assigned to the charge of the General Reserve Ordnance Train. In this capacity he served through the campaign of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In February, 1864, he was transferred and assigned to duty as Ordnance Officer of the division com- manded by Major-General R. E. Rodes, and served with that division until the close of the war, surrendering at Appomattox Court-house, April 9, 1865. The following September he commenced teaching at Charlottesville, Vir- ginia, giving instruction at the same time as Licentiate In- structor to private students in the University of Virginia. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. In January, 1867, he was appointed Professor of Greek in the State University near Alexandria, Louisiana. This position he resigned the following July, and accepted that of instructor in ancient languages and mathematics in the Episcopal High School of Virginia. Here he remained two years, after which he fulfilled a long-contemplated pur- pose of studying in Germany, to which country he went in July, 1869, and spent the following winter in philological studies at the University of Berlin, and the next summer at that of Leipzig, travelling in Italy during the spring vaca- tion. While in Berlin he also devoted some time to the study of the German school system, frequenting especially the Friedrich-Wilhelm’s Gymnasium, under the director- ship of Dr. F. Ranke, brother of the historian, L. von Ranke. After visiting Paris and London, Dr. Garnett re- turned to this country in August, 1870, and the following October was chosen Principal of the St. John’s College, Annapolis, which position he still occupies. He also fills the chair of History, and of the English Language and Lit- erature. He has devoted himself chiefly to philological studies, especially to the historical study of the English language. He is also greatly interested in all matters re- lating to education, and to school and college organization, He is a member of the American Philological Associa- tion, of the National Educational Association, and the Maryland Teachers’ Association. He has contribtued occasional articles to the Educational Fournal of Vir- ginia, and to the Maryland School Fournal, and is the author of a paper on “ University Organization,” pub- lished in the Southern Review for July, 1875, and one on “The Study of the Anglo-Saxon Language and Litera- ture,” published in the Proceedings of the National Educa- tional Association for 1876. Dr. Garnett is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is a Democrat in politics. He married, April 19, 1871, Kate H., daughter of Major Burr S. Noland, of Middleburg, Loudon County, Virginia. They have one child, a son, six years of age. MY, ELSON, Hucu, Physician and Surgeon, was NG born in Albemarle County, Virginia, October 7, i 1842. He is the son of Keating S. and Julia v3 (Rogers) Nelson. His great-great-grandfather, “Scotch Tom,” as he was familiarly called, emi- grated from Scotland to America before the middle of the last century, and patented large tracts of land near York- town, Va. He had several sons, of whom Thomas Nel- son, Jr., the great-grandfather of Dr. Hugh Nelson, be- came very prominent during the Revolutionary period. He warmly espoused the cause of American Independence, and having become very wealthy contributed from seventy- five to one hundred thousand dollars out of his own per- sonal property to assist the colonists in their struggle. He also became a general in the Continental army, and com- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. manded the Virginia forces at Yorktown. The British troops got possession of and occupied his house. When his subordinate officers asked him if they should fire on the house and drive them out, he bade them fire and not mind the house. It was nearly destroyed by the op- eration, but the British were driven out of it. He wasa member of the Continental Congress from Virginia, and one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. After the war he was Governor of that State. A bronze statue to his memory adorns the Capitol grounds at Rich- mond, in company with those of Patrick Henry, Mason, Jefferson, and other distinguished sons of the “ Old Do- minion.’”’? His son Hugh Nelson was Judge of the Circuit Court, was afterwards in Congress, and in the United States Senate, and was finally our Minister to Spain. Keat- ing S. Nelson, the father of Dr. Hugh, has devoted him- self to agricultural pursuits, and is a considerable land- owner in Albemarle County, Virginia. His wife is a na- tive of the same county. The subject of our sketch grew up on the farm; when he was sixteen years of age he at- tended for one year the Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Virginia. The following year he spent at Hampden Sidney College, Prince Edward’s County. Dr. Nelson has three uncles who are eminent doctors, and stand at the head of their profession in Virginia, and has also other near relatives who are physicians. The in- herited taste and talent early developed themselves in him ; as soon as he was old enough to think of his future at all, the great ambition of his life became to excel as a medical practitioner. ‘But the civil war broke out and sadly dis- arranged the plans of many young men. He joined the Second Virginia Cavalry, under Colonel Mumford, and served in all the campaigns with that force till the end of the struggle. He was in the seven days’ battle before Richmond, the battle of Cedar Mountain, the first and sec- ond battles at Manassas, and was at Gettysburg and Win- chester, the battle of the Wilderness, and at Spottsylvania Court-house. On April 19, 1864, Dr. Nelson married Miss Rose Bentley, of Leesburg, Virginia. After the war he removed to Baltimore, supporting himself and family while pursuing his medical studies. After attending two full courses at the Washington University of that city he grad- uated with distinction, receiving the vote of every mem- ber of the faculty, and also passing the examination in pharmacy before the Commissioners appointed by the State of Maryland. He is devoted to his profession. Since his settlement in the city of Baltimore he has been success- fully engaged in the practice of his profession. His wife died in 1876, leaving him three sons, who are in the care of his father’s family in Virginia. Although comparatively young in years, Dr. Nelson is making rapid progress in his chosen calling for his life-work, and is held in high estima- tion by those to whom he gives medical advice, as well as by the community in which he lives. His future can easily be predicted. 283 WH#ETTERHOFF, Hiram Ricuert, Physician and a Bi Surgeon, was born in Franklin County, Penn- ite sylvania, May 10, 1837. His grandparents were Germans, and emigrated to America in the early settlement of the Cumberland Valley, of which Franklin County forms a part. The Indians had not then deserted it. They took up several hundred acres of land, of which their son Jacob, the father of Dr. Fetterhoff, in- herited the mansion farm. Hiram had the misfortune to lose his father when he was but eleven years old. He at- tended the public school and the Fayetteville Academy, but for the best part of his education he is indebted to his own unaided exertions. Not only did his tastes make him averse to farming, but he had not the necessary physical strength. The idea of being a physician early took pos- session of him, and he longed to go to college, but was unable. After completing his sixteenth year, he tried one occupation after another, in the vain attempt to satisfy himself. He apprenticed himself to learn cabinet-making, but after a few months was taken sick, and did not return to it; he next taught a public school, studying hard also himself, and at the age of twenty several clergymen of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, to which he be- longed, persuaded him to enter the ministry. But in two years he was compelled to abandon that calling on account of a chronic affection of the throat. Then he tried photo- graphing, became quite proficient in dentistry, and during the war was a military telegraph operator at headquarters of the Signal Corps, Department of the Susquehanna. But his determination to become a physician was now fixed, and these employments were followed merely as a means of support while he earnestly pursued the necessary studies. He became convinced from instances under his own immediate observation of the great superiority of the homeeopathic practice, and resolved to devote his life to the great good he saw that through its means he could ac- ‘complish. He had now a family, having married at the age of twenty. He had inherited, since coming of age, a sum of money from his father’s estate, which, with his own accumulations, and the care and self-denial of his wife, finally enabled him to give his whole time to study. This he pursued with ardor, and graduated March 3, 1869, at the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, among the first in the class. The following month he commenced the practice of medicine at Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Homeeopathy was in that place compara- tively unknown. His successful treatment of several well- known cases which the allopathic physicians had pro- nounced incurable, gained him in a short time the confidence of the people, and he had soon an extensive practice among the most substantial and intelligent families of the community. But the long distances he was obliged to travel in a country district consumed so much of his time that he had little rest day or night; and convinced that his health would not longer permit such an exhaust- 284 ing practice, he removed, April 1, 1874, to the city of Bal- ‘timore. Here the same energy, fidelity and weal that has characterized all his undertakings, has been rewarded with success beyond his most sanguine expectations. Wholly absorbed in his professional duties, and believing that singleness of aim is necessary to achieve the highest re- sults, he has paid no attention to politics. Both in Pennsyl- vania and in Maryland he has been highly honored among his professional brethren. He was a member of the Cum- berland Valley Homceopathic Medical Society, the Penn- sylvania State Medical Society, and the American Institute of Homeopathy. In the last-named he still retains his membership. He represented in February, 1871, and in the same month in 1873, the Cumberland Valley Society in the Pennsylvania State Homceopathic Medical Society, and also in the American Institute in June, 1871. He was also a delegate from the State Society to the American In- stitute in June, 1872. He was elected Vice-President of the Penn$ylvania State Medical Society in February, 1873. In 1875 he assisted in organizing the Baltimore Homeeo- pathic Medical Society, of which he was elected Vice- President, and the following year was elected President. In 1876 he assisted in organizing the Maryland State Homeopathic Medical Society, and was elected Vice- President. He is a Mason, and a member of several other societies. Dr. Fetterhoff was united in marriage, April 2, 1857, with Mary Ellen, daughter of Major John C. Kees, of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and formerly of Vir- ginia. They have two children, a daughter, Selina Cole- man, and a son, Ira Lincoln. Dr. Fetterhoff is exceedingly kind, genial, and sympathetic in manner. He is a close and careful observer, and a constant student. SWiW.EPBRON, Hon. WiLit1AM THomas, Farmer and e ¥ ° State Senator, was born in Kent County, Mary- x *° Jand, within a mile of his present residence, March : 8, 1832. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth { (Wilson) Hepbron, both of whom were of Scotch descent. The Hepbron, Wilson, and Stavely families were the first who settled in that county, the two first named be- ing Mr. Hepbron’s direct ancestors. The first Hepbron who came to this country bore the name of Thomas, and the Senator now owns a farm of three hundred acres, which is a part of the original land grant that made up the Hep- bron estate. The name Thomas became a common one among the descendants; in the time of the Senator’s father there were two others besides himself in the near neigh- borhood ; their friends were in the habit of distinguishing them by number. Senator Hepbron’s father was called Thomas third. He was a farmer, and died in 1844, at the age of forty years; his wife also died soon after at the age of thirty-seven, and the young son, twelve years old, was left an orphan. Up to this time he had attended the pub- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. lic schools, but was now apprenticed to a blacksmith, with whom he served his time till he was twenty-one years old, but he retained his schoolbooks and pursued his studies by himself most perseveringly. The result was that he grew up exceedingly well informed, and upgn a wide range of subjects. He is a well-educated and self-made man. Immediately on coming of age he left the blacksmith’s trade and purchased the estate above mentioned, he being one of four or five heirs, and at once went to reside upon and to improve it. Soon after he planted extensive peach orchards. He lived on this farm till 1855, when he was married to Miss Fanny Webb, of the same neighborhood. She received as a wedding gift from her parents a farm ad- joining their own, on which they desired their daughter to live, that they might keep her near them ; accordingly here Mr. and Mrs. Hepbron have since resided, having as the years passed by added to their landed property, till now they own seven or eight hundred acres, part of it having come to Mrs. Hepbron by inheritance. Senator Hepbron is among the largest peach-growers of Kent County; he also raises large quantities of other farm products. His wife’s father was Joseph W. Webb, a large farmer of the same county. He died in 1872, at the age of sixty-five, leaving three children. Senator Hepbron has been a Demo- crat all his life. In 1857 he was appointed constable, and since that time has taken an active part in political af- fairs. He was the next year elected to the same office, and continued to hold it till 1861. He was drafted in 1863, but obtained a substitute. In 1862 he was disfranchised, and did not vote from that time nor take any part in poli- tics until 1866. In 1867 he was elected one of the County Commissioners for two years; was re-elected in 1869, and made President of the Board for two years. In 1871 he was appointed Judge of the Orphans’ Court, by Governor Bowie, for four years, and at the close of that office, in 1875, was elected to the State Senate by his party for a term of four years. His wife is amember of the Methodist Church, towards which he also inclines; they have four children, Mary Elizabeth, Delia, Wilhelmina, and Addie. LER, WiLuiam H., was born in Baltimore, Mary- land, September 6, 1818, and was the oldest son of George and Sarah (Fringer) Oler. His ances- _ 4 tors were Germans; three brothers came to this ed country early in the eighteenth century. One settled in Pennsylvania, one penetrated farther west, and the re- maining one, the great-grandfather of Mr. Oler, settled in Frederick County, Maryland. One of his sons removed to Baltimore before the Revolution. He was a carpenter, and had four sons, Peter, John, Jacob, and George, whom he brought up to the same trade. He lived ina log house on what is now Pennsylvania Avenue, near Boundary Street. He was a plain unassuming man, of thorough in- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tegrity, great energy, and prudence. His son George, the father of Mr. Oler, was a master mechanic in the building business in Baltimore, and fought on the side of his coun- try in the war of 1812. His wife was from Carroll Coun- ty, daughter of Michael Fringer, a tanner by trade. Mr. Oler has one brother, Samuel, and one sister, Margaret, wife of Elisha Whiting, of Havre de Grace. Mr. Oler at- tended the schools of Baltimore until fifteen years of age, at which time his father died, and he found himself the main dependence and support of his mother and the two younger children. He had also to look after and protect the small property his father had left. At the age of seventeen he entered as an apprentice the tanning and morocco business. His time expired when he was twenty- one, when he went into the same business for himself, and continued in it until 1855, making and losing a good deal of money, but left it at that time with quite a fortune. There was then but one ice firm in the city of Baltimore whose business could be called large. His attention was casually directed to it, and without any great expectations he was led to take hold of it. He commenced with using only one wagon, but the business grew rapidly on his hands, till now he is driving fifty wagons for the supply of the city and retail trade alone, while they do an equally large wholesale business; one customer taking one thousand tons at one time. They have a good deal of property on the Susquehanna River, lands, immense ice-houses, and every appliance, and all kinds of machinery for taking care of and handling the ice, the great blocks of which are carried by steam up an inclined plane to the tops of the ice- houses, which hold seventy thousand tons each. They also own their own barges for bringing it to the city. Oc- casionally a mild winter causes a failure of the ice crop here, in which case they have recourse to the property which they also own in Maine; the ice is brought from that State in sailing vessels. Mr. Oler has two sons with him in the business, William George and Westley Marion, the former has charge of the building and repair shop where the vehicles are built and kept in order, and their horses and mules are shod. Mr. Oler has been married twice ; his first wife was Miss Catherine Hall, and their families were near neighbors in his boyhood. He was married to her in 1845; she died in 1860. She had seven children, four sons and three daughters. His second son, Millard Fillmore, a young man of great promise, died in June, 1877, aged twenty-seven years. Two of the daughters are living, Sarah B., wife of Henry Head, Esq., of Baltimore, and Ella Grace. The maiden name of the present wife of Mr. Oler was Miss Helen Brown, of Baltimore. Mr. Oler is one of the trustees of the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been a member for over forty years, and with which he united when he was sixteen years of age. He has travelled a great deal in the United States and in Canada. and feels deeply interested in the welfare of the country. 37 In politics he is a Republican, | 285 Vpy OMsON, WILLIAM, Journalist and ex-Sheriff, was IS born in Georgetown, D. C., July 6, 1817. His x grandfather came to America, from Torres, Aber- t deenshire, Scotland, and settled in Annapolis, Mary- land, where the father of this sketch was born. After remaining in Annapolis for a few years the eldest Thom- son removed to Georgetown, D. C., where some half a dozen Scotch families from his section of country had set- tled and engaged in mercantile business. William’s father engaged in mercantile pursuits in Georgetown, and died during the former’s youth. Mr. Thomson’s mother was Elizabeth Baltzer, a descendant of a German family that settled in Pennsylvania in the early part of the seventeenth century. Young Thomson was educated at the best private schools of his native town, and at the age of sixteen years was placed as an apprentice at the printing business, in the establishment of Benjamin Homans, editor and publisher of the Army and Navy Magazine, Washington. Mr. Homans discontinuing his printing office two years there- after, Mr. Thomson entered the office of Duff Green, pro- prietor and editor of the Zéelegraph, which was the organ of General Jackson’s administration. He remained there until he attained his majority, shortly after which he re- moved to Baltimore. At the time of the breaking out of the American civil war, Mr. Thomson was employed by Moses Y. Beach, of the New York Szz,to procure news in advance of the mails. He received a carte blanche from Mr. Beach to use the telegraph, establish expresses, or use any means that would accomplish the object. When the telegraph lines were completed to New York and the West, at the suggestion of Mr. Beach, Mr. Thomson removed to Philadelphia, to be in a more central position. He there became a correspondent of all the leading journals of the West, as well as a portion of the New York city press. The New York Associated Press, upon its establishment, endeavored to monopolize the correspondence of the coun- try, but Mr. Thomson frequently excelled them in the ob- tainment of the freshest news. When Henry Clay deliv- ered his famous speech at Lexington, Kentucky, shortly after the commencement of the Mexican war, there was a general desire throughout the country to learn his views, and consequently, extraordinary rivalry among the leading journals to procure the earliest reports thereof. Mr..Thom- son had a corps of reporters stationed at Lexington, and established relays of horses from thence to Cincinnati, which carried the report between the two cities in four hours and ahalf. From the latter city it was dispatched by wire to the New York era/d and other papers. In this feat he distanced the Associated Press and rendered futile their efforts to give the first reports to the public. Mr. Thomson was the first person who used pigeons success- fully as carriers of news for the press. In 1848, prior to the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cable, he sent an agent to Halifax with some trained carrier pigeons, the agent taking passage at that place on the Cunard steamer, bound ¥ cise” unre 286 to Liverpool from Boston, and who, within about ninety miles of the latter city, tied his dispatches (confined in a silk bag) around the neck of a pigeon, which brought the news to Boston, and which was published in the Baltimore Sun twenty-four hours in advance of the Associated Press dispatches. After remaining two years in Philadelphia, Mr. Thomson returned to Baltimore, where he continued to conduct a special correspondence with leading papers. When Honorable Thomas Swann was elected Mayor of Baltimore he appointed Mr. Thomson his Private Secretary, which position he continued to hold during the two terms of Mr. Swann’s administration. Soon after our civil-war commenced Mr. Thomson was appointed to a clerkship in the United States Custom-house, Baltimore, and in 1865 was elected by the Union party Sheriff of Baltimore, which he held for the usual period of two years. Whilst occu- pying the Sheriffalty, Messrs. Hines and Woods, who were then Police Commissioners, had certain charges preferred against them. They were tried before Governor Swann ‘and removed from office. The Governor appointed as their successors, Messrs. Young and Valliant. The former Com- missioners refused to vacate their positions, whereupon Messrs, Young and Valliant called upon Sheriff Thomson for a posse comitatus to enable them to enter upon the du- ties of their office. Mr. Thomson, whilst in the act of swearing in the fosse, was arrested by the Coroner, on a warrant issued by Judge Hugh L. Bond, who demanded that Thomson should give bail for twenty thousand dollars that he would not interfere with the functions of Messrs. Hines and Woods, as Police Commissioners. As the Sheriff was liable to a fine of twenty-five thousand dollars for refusing a fosse, when called upon by the rightful Com- missioners, he refused to give the required bail, and he, to- gether with Messrs. Young and Valliant, were committed to Baltimore city jail. After an incarceration of five days they were brought before Chief Justice Bartol on habeas corpus. The Sheriff was promptly released and was com- plimented by the Chief Justice for the manner in which he had performed his duties. The arrest and imprisonment of Sheriff Thomson caused great excitement in Baltimore, and thousands of his sympathizing friends gathered around the jail during his confinement, threatening dire vengeance upon the perpetrators of the outrage. After his retirement from the Sheriffalty Mr. Thomson ceased to take any active part in political matters. He married in 1843 Miss Mary Delano, of Washington. He has three sons and a daughter. The oldest son, William J. Thomson, is a Paymaster in the United States Navy, and the second son, Curtis H. Thomson, is a Past Assistant Paymaster in the same service. Mr. Thomson has always manifested a great pride in his Scottish ancestry, and is a member of the Caledonian Club of Baltimore. He is a gentleman of genial disposition, possesses a vast fund of general and varied information, and is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he manifests a more than ordinary interest. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. LAT OA N RHOMAS, CoLONEL GEORGE P., Merchant, and J We President of the Maryland Life Insurance Com- ax pany, was born April 1, 1828, in Frederick ¥* County, Maryland. His father was a farmer in prosperous circumstances and brought up his son to the same vocation. At his death, however, which oc- curred when Mr. Thomas was but twenty years of age, George started out to seek his fortune in a wider field than was offered ‘him on the paternal acres. His first venture was in Winchester, Virginia, where he remained but a short time, as in January, 1849, we find him removed to Baltimore, associated with a former resident of Fred- erick County, in the management of the Globe Inn, which then stood at the corner of Baltimore and Howard streets. After eighteen months in this occupation Mr. Thomas be- came a clerk in a wholesale drygoods house, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of business, and a con- siderable acquaintance in the business community. After serving for some time in the drygoods house, he entered the wholesale wine and liquor trade, and in August, 1852, became a partner in a house engaged in this business, which was successfully carried on for fourteen years. In 1866 Colonel Thomas withdrew from this firm and estab- lished a new house in the same business, of which he re- tained the entire control in his own hands. In the prose- cution of this business, in which he is still engaged, he has been remarkably successful. During these years, Colonel Thomas, as he is generally called from having been appointed, with the rank of Colonel, upon the Mili- tary Staff of Hon. E. Louis Lowe, when Governor of Maryland, was called upon at various times to fill different positions of honor and trust. In 1852 he was elected as an independent candidate for the City Council from the Fourteenth Ward, in which he then resided, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Internal Improvements during that session of the Council. In 1855 he was again elected to the Council from the Twelfth Ward, having removed his residence to that part of the city, but at the close of the session of 1856, in which, as before, he proved himself a useful and valuable member of the Council, he withdrew entirely from politics, that he might have more time to devote to his private affairs. This de- cision has not prevented him, however, from taking an active part in a number of important public enterprises. In 1868 he was appointed by Hon. R. T. Banks, Mayor of the city, member of the Board of Water Commis- sioners, which position he still holds, having been reap- pointed successively by Mayors Vansanf, Latrobe, and Kane. The ten years for which Colonel Thomas has been a member of the Water Board have been the most im- portant in its history, for during that time the works con- ducting the water from Jones’s Falls were completed, and the far more extensive and important works, introducing the bountiful supply from the Gunpowder River, have been undertaken and carried well toward completion. In ES eo Oe: q Ze C+ fADP fe BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1876 Mayor Latrobe tendered to Colonel Thomas, who had been in no way an applicant for it, the position of City Collector, one of the most responsible and honorable in the gift of the city, and which carries with it also under the present law, the office of State Collector. This posi- tion, after some hesitancy, Colonel Thomas concluded to accept, and held until March, 1878, discharging his trust with great fidelityand honor. “During the two years of his administration the revenues of the city, received and turned into the City Treasury by him, amounted to more than eight millions of dollars. Conspicuous among the evidences of energy and wisdom displayed by him are the results accomplished by him in the establishment of the Maryland Life Insurance Company. Recognizing the value of such institutions in promoting habits of thrift, economy, and providence, and the importance in a finan- cial point of view of retaining in his own city a portion of the vast sums which are intrusted to these companies, Colonel Thomas was, in 1865, the originator and prime mover in the establishment of the company referred to, - which was the first Mutual Life Insurance Company ever successfully established in Baltimore. The necessary sub- scriptions were obtained chiefly through his personal efforts, he himself heading the list of subscribers to the guar- anteed capital required, and receiving the first policy of insurance issued from the office of the company. The company was organized in July, 1865, by the election of a Board of nine Directors, of whom Colonel Thomas was one, and at the first meeting of the Board he was elected President. To this position he has been unanimously re- elected each succeeding year, and has conducted the busi- ness, in all its details, in a manner most conducive to its success. The assets of the company now amount to over a million of dollars, and it holds a position of unques- | tioned credit in the community. It owes not only its first institution, but largely the success which has attended it, to the liberality, foresight, enterprise, and energy of ‘its President. Colonel Thomas has for twelve years served as a Director in the Home Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore, and in the Eutaw Savings Bank, two of the leading corporations of the city. In private and social life, his ever-ready courtesy, his kind good nature, and true-hearted friendship, make him as warmly regarded, as in his more public relations he is highly esteemed. Wi ODGES, JaMEs, Merchant, was born August II, a ¥ ‘ 1822, at Liberty Hall, Kent County, Maryland. pi" He is the eldest son of Honorable James and a Mary Hanson (Ringgold) Hodges, and is descended from William Hodges, a member of the Angli- can Church, who came to Maryland, from Virginia, about 287 the year 1665, and settled on a tract of land, between Gray’s Inn Creek and Chesapeake Bay, known as “ Lib- erty Hall.” He died in 1697, leaving his eldest son and heir, Robert Hodges, who died in 1736. The latter left a son, Captain James Hodges, who served with credit dur- ing the Revolutionary war. He married Sarah Granger, and died in 1816. His eldest son, James Hodges, of “Liberty Hall,’’ was born in 1759, married, in 1797, Mary Claypoole, and died in 1815, leaving a son, Honorable James Hodges, father of the subject of this sketch. He was a farmer of the old Maryland type, genial and gener- ous in disposition and hospitable to the greatest degree. He represented Kent, his native county, in the Legislature of Maryland, in the sessions of 1823 and 1824. He mar- ried in 1821 Mary Hanson Ringgold, and died in 1832, leaving five children, the eldest of whom is James Hodges, a prominent Baltimore merchant. Mary Hanson Ringgold was the youngest daughter of Doctor William and Martha (Hanson) Ringgold. Her father was the son of Major William Ringgold, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. For a period of ever two centuries the Ring- golds have been among the leading families of Maryland. “ At the period of the Revolution they were conspicuous for their patriotism, and have been represented in the halls of Congress and upon the battle-field.” James Hodges is lineally descended from six of the earliest settlers of Kent County, Maryland, viz., William Hodges, who settled in the county in 1665; Thomas Ringgold, in 1650; Andrew Hanson, in 1653; Simon Wilmer, in 1688; Thomas Hyn- son, in 1650, and Marmaduke Tylden, grandson of Sir William Tylden, in 1658. They were all members of the English Church and prominent in the annals of the county, as many of their descendants are also distinguished in the history of the country. James Hodges, at an early age, gave indications of unusual talent, and his father resolved to educate him for the bar, but dying during the boyhood of James, and having left his estate seriously impaired, Mrs. Hodges, with the hope of opening up new opportu- nities for the advancement of her children, removed to Baltimore and procured a commercial situation for James. The position was not congenial to his tastes, but being without influential friends in the city, he was compelled to be content with it, and he proceeded with great steadiness of purpose to make the best use of the position, resolved to acquire mercantile knowledge, and reconstruct by all honorable means the shattered fortunes of his family. In his early career this was the controlling thought of his life. Encouraged by that hope he rapidly advanced in business knowledge, and soon became a valued and trusted clerk. In 1846 the house of Hodges Brothers was established. At the period of its organization, the firm consisted of James and William Ringgold Hodges, aged, respectively, twenty-three and twenty-one years. Two additional mem- bers have since been added, Robert Hodges and William Penn Lewis. Few importing drygoods houses in this 288 country have enjoyed more uniform success within a sim- ilar period. Its annual sales and importations are believed to be equal to those of any establishment of a like charac- ter in the Southern States. It has fifty clerks and sales- men under employment, and is perfect and thorough in its organization. In 1853 James Hodges went to Europe and placed his firm in direct communication with the best British, Irish, and Continental manufacturers, thereby greatly augmenting his business. One of the firm has since paid semi-annual visits to Europe, to make purchases, which has greatly contributed to make Baltimore attrac- tive as a drygoods market. The present elegant ware- house of Hodges Brothers, 23 Hanover Street, was erected and occupied by them, January, 1857. Mr. Hodges has been conspicuous in the discussion of the leading ques- tions of his day, respecting the wellbeing and prosperity of Baltimore. Ina series of able articles, published in the Baltimore American in February, 1856, he earnestly advocated the bill then pending for uniforming the city police. Ata meeting of citizens assembled in Monument Square, September 1, 1859, to devise means to check the lawlessness that had prevailed in Baltimore for four years, under the reign of ‘“ Know-Nothingism,” Mr. Hodges delivered a most effective speech, which produced a pro- found impression upon those who were seeking political re- form. The ensuing election was fought, on the part of the “ Reformers,” by the organization effected at that meeting. The ruffianly clubs of Baltimore were reinforced by armed rowdies from Washington. At an early hour of election day the mob took forcible possession of almost every vot- ing-place in the city. In the Fifteenth Ward, Mr. Adam B. Kyle was murdered, and it was afterwards discovered that the outlaws had resolved upon killing James Hodges and George M. Gill. Mr. Hodges commanded one of the squads, previously organized for protection, and engaged freely in the several fights for equal rights. Under the present municipal system, established through the perse- vering efforts of the Reform party of 1859, the reputation of Baltimore as a city of law and order, will compare fa- vorably with any of equal population in the world. Febru- ary, 1860, a large meeting was held at the Maryland Insti- tute to protest against the passage of a bill by the Legisla- ture to empower a party of Philadelphia speculators to create a stock company with a capital of two million dollars, and authority to issue bonds to the amount of one million dollars additional, to lay railroad tracks on certain streets in Baltimore. As the road and equipments would cost only seven hundred thousand dollars, a feeling of in- tense opposition to the scheme sprung up in the commercial and financial circles of the city. Mr. Hodges addressed the meeting and denounced the bill in earnest and scathing terms. The effect of the meeting was fatal to the gigantic imposition. Ina series of communications to the Ba/#i- more American, January and February, 1861, Mr. Hodges demonstrated the wisdom, expediency, and propriety of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. running the city passenger cars an Sunday, He was com- pelled to argue against a number of controversialists on the Sabbatarian side, but came out a victor in the contest. The cars commenced running on Sundays in May, 1867, and all the good results predicted by Mr. Hodges were realized. During our civil war Mr. Hodges, though a conscientious and patriotic lover of the Union, was yet a sympathizing friend of the South. He opposed the coercive policy of the North, and wrote a series of newspaper articles in defence of Maryland’s sympathy with the South, and claimed that the commercial welfare of Baltimore de- pended upon its unbroken connection with the Southern States. During the progress of the war he did all that a Baltimorean could do, under the law, to administer relief to the sufferings of Confederate prisoners, and to the border population of the South. After the war he availed himself of the earliest opportunity, at the banquet given to the delegates to the Odd Fellows’ Convention, at the new As- sembly Rooms, August, 1865, to publicly advocate the re- construction of the Union upon the basis of the equality of all citizens before the law, and the equal rights of all the States under the Constitution. In 1868 Mr. Hodges was appointed a delegate, with the late Albert Schumacker, then President of the Board of Trade, to represent that body in the convention which met at Philadelphia to organize the National Board of Trade, and was the author of the proposition submitted to Congress in 1869 by the Executive Council of the National Board of Trade, to es- tablish a new department of the government to be known as the Department of Commerce, to which should be re- ferred all questions connected with the foreign and domes- tic trade and transportation of the country. In 1872-3 Mr. Hodges became deeply interested in the currency question. At the annual banquet of the Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, given at Barnum’s Hotel, January, 1873, he deliv- ered a notable speech on that subject, in which he reviewed our national banking system, pointing out its advantages and defects, and strongly advocating an early resumption of specie payment. In the spring of 1873, Mr. Hodges, be- ing urged by many of his fellow-citizens, consented to the use of his name as a Democratic candidate for the mayor- alty of Baltimore, subject to the decision of the nominat- ing convention of the party. An influential journal of the day, independent in politics, noticed the first mention of his name in that connection, and earnestly commended him as ‘a gentleman of culture, a merchant of deservedly high reputation, a public-spirited citizen, one who can grasp com- prehensively the true interests of this port, and point out the real source of its future development and prosperity.” Mr. Hodges, finding that the requirements of a successful canvass were incompatible with his tastes and sense of manly independence, withdrew from the contest. The same year Mr, Hodges was. appointed by Judge Robert Gilmor, as foreman of the Grand Jury of the Criminal Court of Baltimore. In 1874 he was unanimously nomi- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. nated, without notice, and afterwards elected President of the Mercantile Library Association of Baltimore. June, 1875, he was elected a delegate from the Eleventh Ward to the Mayoralty convention that nominated General Fer- dinand C. Latrobe as the Democratic candidate for Mayor, and was unanimously elected President of that body. He took an active part in the campaign, delivering earnest and eloquent speeches on municipal, State, and national politics. In 1877 he was made foreman, by Judge William Fell Giles, of the Grand Jury of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. On May 4, the same year, he was unanimously elected by the City Council, one of the Finance Commissioners of Baltimore, his asso- ciates being the Mayor, President ex-officio, and Enoch Pratt. During his occupancy of the above position a five million dollar loan of five per cent. was substituted for the five million dollar six per cent. water loan, which ma- tured in July of 1875, which accomplished a saving to the taxpayers of Baltimore of fifty thousand dollars per annum. Few enterprises have been undertaken in Balti- more, designed to promote its progress and embellishment, which Mr. Hodges has not aided by liberal contributions. In January, 1878, he was chosen Director of the National Union Bank of Maryland. In May of the same year he was commissioned by the President of the United States, on the nomination of Governor John Lee Carroll, Honorary Commissioner to represent the State of Maryland at the International Industrial Exposition at Paris, with Doctor Thomas H. Buckler as his colleague. He was a member of the Franco-American Commercial Treaty Congress, which met in Paris, August 7, 1878, and with Robert M. McLane represented the Board of Trade of Baltimore. He was one of the committee that reported, August 10, 1878, a basis for a treaty of commerce between France and America. He made several speeches in France, in the Congress, and on other public occasions. In the highest mercantile circles at home Mr. Hodges is regarded as a business man of the best standard, intelligent, enterprising, honorable in all his transactions, and admired as the suc- cessful founder of one of the best organized commercial establishments in the United States. Few merchants have done more to elevate the social, moral, and intellectual status of the commercial occupation, and he has availed himself of every fitting opportunity to call the attention of the public to the vast and increasing importance of pro- viding for an advanced commercial education in the schools and colleges of this country. He is frank, affable, and generous in disposition, and ever ready to assist a worthy object. As a citizen he is public-spirited, contrib- uting liberally his time and means to advance the welfare ofthe community. He is deliberative and cautious in the formation of an opinion, but unhesitating and prompt in the execution of his resolves, having more than ordinary inde- pendence and force of character, accompanied by a readi- ness to take the full responsibility of his convictions of duty. 289 it Coe Hon. James Back, Ex-Governor and GC United States Senator, son of Colonel John Charles Groome (whose biography in this volume contains 4» the genealogy of the family), was born in Elkton, p Cecil County, Maryland, April 4, 1838. Beside the fortune of birth, he has had such advantages as wealth and social position bestow, and has by an honorable career re- flected credit on his ancestors. Before completing his pre- paratory studies, his close application thereto so affected his eyesight, that he was compelled to abandon his inten- tion of taking a collegiate course, and for several years thereafter to undergo medical treatment. He then entered as a student of law in his father’s office, and was admitted to the Cecil bar in the spring of 1861. He soon attained to a creditable position and remunerative practice. Like his father, he has the reputation of a high-toned and hon- orable lawyer. Social in his personal intercourse, affable in his manners, courteous and considerate to all, he has always been a general favorite in society, but delayed mat- rimonial alliance until February 29, 1876, when he married Alice L. Edmondson, daughter of Colonel Horace Leeds Edmondson, of Talbot County, Maryland. Politically, Mr. Groome has always been a zealous and consistent Demo- crat. He fully identified himself with that party at the outbreak of the civil war, was active in keeping up and maintaining its organization through all its defeats, until in the fall of 1866, it again secured a majority in Cecil County. In 1867 he was elected a member of the Reform Convention, called to frame a new Constitution for the State. His first speech was on the Usury Laws, and was generally considered, and so pronounced by the press of the State, as an able and masterly effort. From 1867 to 1871, Mr. Groome evinced no desire for political prefer- ment, but was always active in the canvass of his county for the success of his party. In 1871 he was elected to the House of Delegates. At that session he at once took rank as one of its prominent members. Early in the session an election was held for United States Senator. After a number of ballots had been taken, there were but three of the ten gentlemen voted for that received a larger number of votes than Mr. Groome. He then stated that he was not a candidate, asked privilege to withdraw his name, and declared his preference that the Senatorial con- test should be speedily ended by the success of any promi- nent Eastern Maryland Democrat rather than protracted in the hope that he might be successful. During the session he not only took an active and leading part in the debates of the House, but was an indefatigable worker on the sev- eral committees of which he was a member, especially the Judiciary. At the close of the session, Mr. Groome had made a reputation rarely acquired by so young a man; a legislator in his first term. He was opposed to the nomi- nation of Horace Greeley for the Presidency, but acting with his party, he accepted a place on the electoral ticket, and entered actively into the canvass. In 1873 he was 290 again elected to the Legislature, and was abundant in labors during that session. He was chairman of the Judi- ciary Committee, was a member of the Committees on Ways and Means, and on Elections. Early in the session an election for United States Senator took place, and Gover- nor William Pinkney Whyte was chosen; Governor Whyte resigned, and it became necessary for the Legislature to fill the vacancy. A large number of prominent gentlemen were named for the place ; but such was the popularity of Mr. Groome, that in the caucus he received sixty-two of the seventy votes cast on the first ballot. In a few days after he was elected Governor by the unanimous vote of his party. Many congratulatory letters were addressed to him by prominent members of the Republican party, among them the Hon. J. A. J. Creswell, a native of Cecil County, a former law student of his father, and an inti- mate associate of Mr. Groome from his early youth. Mr. Groome was inaugurated Governor of Maryland on Wed- nesday, March 4, 1874. Governor Groome’s first official act was so graceful a compliment to an old friend of his father, and does credit alike to his heart as well as his head, that the writer deems it worthy of notice. When Colonel John C. Groome was a candidate for Governor, at a dinner party in Chestertown, some one present inquired of Colonel Groome what would be his action on certain matters in case of his election. The Colonel playfully re- plied, he had decided on but one official act, and that was to make his friend, Mr. George W. Spencer, who sat at the table, an aid on his staff, with the rank of Colonel. Imme- - diately Mr. Spencer was congratulated, and thereafter was often awarded that title. Seventeen years after the son was made Governor, and before congratulatory hand- shaking was over after his inauguration, he directed the Adjutant-General to issue a commission to Mr. Spencer, as one of his aids, with rank of Colonel, thus ratifying, as he said, the act of his father. During his official term, a num- ber of speeches and addresses delivered by him added largely to his reputation and acceptability as an orator. His message to the Legislature was conceded to be a credi- table and able state paper. When John Lee Carroll was nominated for Governor of Maryland, Governor Groome gave him his heartiest support and best efforts in the can- vass. After the election Governor Groome was placed in a position of delicacy in the case of the contest over the Attorney-Generalship. Divesting his official position of partisan bias, he met the issue in a frank, manly, and hon- orable manner. His action gave very general satisfaction to men of both parties. During his term of office, he maintained at all times the dignity of his position and in- creased his popularity. The executive mansion at Annap- olis was conducted with true Maryland hospitality, and Governor Groome retired from office universally respected. At the last session of the Legislature he was elected United States Senator from Maryland for the term of six years from the 4th of March, 1879. His competitors were Hon. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. George R. Dennis, U. S. S., Ex-Governor Philip F. Thomas, Hon. Robert M. McLane, Hon. Montgomery Blair, Hon. Samuel Hambleton, Judges John M. Robin- son, Joseph A. Wickes, Frederick Stump, and others. Yet with all this array of talent and influence against him, on the final ballot in the Democratic caucus, Mr. Groome re- ceived fifty-one of the eighty votes cast. It is rarely the case that so young a man has occupied so many honorable and prominent positions. Not yet forty years of age, he has been a member of the Reform Convention, twice a mem- ber of the Assembly, Governor of the State, and now her representative in the United States Senate, where he will doubtless do credit to himself and his State. Cs GrorGE M., Lawyer, was born February 15, CG 1803, in Baltimore, Maryland. His grandfather, John Gill, was a landed proprietor of Yorkshire, i England. His maternal grandfather, Colonel Wil- ‘ liam Lowry, a native of Ireland, came to Baltimore at an early period of its history. He had many of the best traits of the Irish character, hospitality, frankness, wit, and energy. His ability being known, he became for several years surveyor of the port of Baltimore. Mr. Gill’s father, coming from England in the latter part of the eighteenth century, located and married in Alexandria, Virginia, and after a few years settled in Baltimore. He brought from England a sufficient amount of money to enable him to make a comfortable settlement in the New World. As Notary Public in the city of Baltimore for about half a cen- tury, his business, embracing attention to Custom-house matters, insurance adjustments, and various other branches, was quite large, and occupied both his own time and that of a number of clerks. He died in Baltimore at the ad- vanced age of ninety-one years. George M. Gill was for- tunate in having a father who bestowed much care on his early training. He received a thorough academic educa- tion, graduating at St. Mary’s College, Baltimore. He then studied law, and was admitted to the Baltimore bar in 1823, since which time he has continued in active prac- tice with success. He has always been very pronounced in his political views. Formerly he was an old-line Whig, he is nowa Democrat. About forty years ago he was a member of the City Council. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1867, But during most of his life he has subordinated politics to business. He has been a Director of the Susquehanna Railroad, the York and Cumberland Railroad, and the Western Maryland Rail- road. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 1830 he married Ann W., daughter of Thomas McElderry, of Baltimore. She died in a few years thereafter. He BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. then married Ann McKim, daughter of William L. Bowly, of Baltimore. He has eight children living, seven daugh- ters, five of whom are married, and one son, John Gill, Jr., a practicing attorney in Baltimore. After completing his preparatory studies Mr. Gill was thrown upon his own resources. This, instead of daunting him, served only to arouse his energies, and to bring into more speedy play those traits of industry, perseverance, and astuteness, which have so characterized his professional career. By his exact knowledge of law, clear insight into the probable issues of a suit, sagacious management of his cases, and conscien- tious regard for the best interests of his clients, he built up a high reputation and a large practice. For a number of years he has appeared but little in open court. Real estate. investment, the management and settlement of estates, referee matters, and other office business, occupy almost his whole attention. For these his legal skill and practical mind give him peculiar adaptation. He is one of the oldest members of the Baltimore bar, and is held in high esteem as a thorough Christian gentleman. (Leeds) Bozman, was born at “ Bellville,’ the family estate on Oxford Neck, August 25, 1757. His father, in 1731, held the office of Deputy § Commissary-General, and his grandfather, Colonel Thomas Bozman, was successively Deputy Surveyor-Gen- eral, High Sheriff, Commissioner and Justice of the Peace of the County, and Deputy Commissary-General of the Eastern Shore. The mother of John Leeds Bozman was the daughter of John Leeds, one of the Commissioners and Justices of the Peace for the county of Talbot, and Clerk of the Court, from the year 1738 to the outbreak of the Revolutionary war. When he was but ten years old, John L. Bozman lost his father, and the direction of his education was assumed by his maternal grandfather. His academic education was obtained at the Back Creek Acad- emy, in Somerset County, a school of high reputation in its day. He graduated in 1783 from the University of Pennsylvania, and it having been determined that he should make the profession of the law his calling, he was sent to England and entered as a student at the “ Middle Temple,” London, his grandfather defraying his expenses. On his retnrn to Maryland he was admitted to the bar and practiced for many years in the various courts of the county and State. From 1789 to 1807 he served as Deputy Attor- ney-General under Luther Martin, his warm friend and associate. He did not acquire distinction as an advocate. He devoted much of his time to literary pursuits. He contributed to the papers and wrote several pamphlets on political, civil, and social subjects. He had collected the Be Joun LexEps, son of John and Lucretia JAW 291 materials for a history of Maryland, which his health per- mitted him to continue only from the settlement of the State to the year 1660. It was, however, considered of great value on account of the extent of its researches, and was published by the State authorities in 1837, Mr.‘Boz- man having died in 1823. The influences of his birth and education little inclined him to sympathy with the demo- cratic institutions of our country; he was essentially an aristocrat, and one of his essays was suppressed on ac- count of tendencies of this nature. In his history he takes no pains to conceal his antipathy to the Puritans, both in England and America, while towards the Roman Catholics he manifests the utmost liberality. Mr. Bozman was a nominal adherent of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He advocated colonization, and the retention of the negro in a state of slavery as long as he remained in contact with the white man, but was exceedingly kind and indul- gent to his own slaves. He never married. Vv. ILL, Hon. Witi1Am BEAns, Judge and State Sen- Gi 7 3 ator, was born November 13, 1813, at Woodlawn ‘Kays Homestead, Prince George’s County, Maryland, a eldest son of Dr. William and Ann (Smith) Hill. The family came to America with the first Lord Baltimore, and obtained a patent of the estate now called “ Woodlawn,” consisting of twelve hundred acres of land, which descended through five Clement Hills to Dr. Wil- liam Hill, and finally to the subject of this sketch, whose home it now is. The first representative of the family signed himself Surveyor-General of the province of Mary- land. Mr. Hill has in his possession an ancient document, dated 1692, which is a commission issued probably to the son of the first Clement Hill, appointing him Surveyor- General of the Western Shore. On his mother’s side, his grandfather was Dr. Clement Smith, of Calvert County, who was with Commodore Dale when he was captured by a British man-of-war and imprisoned at Portsmouth, Eng- land. They made their escape by burrowing under the prison walls, and returned to America. His great-grand- father, Clement Hill, was for many years Commissioner of the Land Office with his brother-in-law, Mr. Stuart, of Anne Arundel County. His great-grandmother was Miss Carroll, sister of Archbishop Carroll, and married Richard Brent, of Richland, Virginia. Mr. Hill was educated at St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburg, Maryland, graduating in 1831, when he returned to his estate, where he has ever since remained. Previous to the war he had one hun- dred and thirty slaves. He was appointed Judge of the Orphans’ Court by Governor Pratt, which office he held one year. By a change in the Constitution, the office 292 -became elective, when Judge Hill was elected by the people for four successive terms, making a period of six- teen years. He was elected a fifth time, but resigned his position on account of severe family affliction. Judge Hill hela no public position till he was elected to the State Senate in 1877 for a term of four years. He married in 1834 Catharine B., second daughter of Richard Smith, Cashier of the United States Branch Bank of Washington city. He has four children living, William Murdock, who resides in New Orleans, and has a son and a daughter, Ann S., Helen M., wife of Mr. Buchanan Beale, of Washington city, and Richard Smith Hill. His wife died in 1872. : SUFFEY, Hucu, Druggist, was born in Philadelphia, a August 23, 1836. His parents were Roger and Eleanor (O’Neill) Duffey. His father was a t* hatter. The subject of this sketch attended the schools of his native city from his seventh until his fourteenth year. He then came to Maryland, where he was apprenticed to Dr. Brilton Evans, of Worton, Kent County, to learn the business of farming. But soon after Dr. Evans removed to Hillsborough, and young Duffey was employed in his office, learning among other things the com- pounding of medicines. Developing in this manner a taste in that direction, he applied himself earnestly to acquire a knowledge of the business, and also spent some time as a clerk ina store. On arriving at a sufficiently mature age, Mr. Duffey taught school for a number of years, and ac- quired a very superior reputation in that profession. In 1865, at the age of twenty-nine years, he commenced the drug business on his own account. By integrity, upright- ness, economy, and close attention to business, he soon placed his affairs on a substantial basis, and is now in in- dependent circumstances. Mr. Duffey united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in his twenty-first year, and attributes to this step a large share of the prosperity that has attended him. As an exhorter, class-leader, and superin- tendent of the Sabbath-school, he has served his church with ability and acceptance. Asa friend of popular educa- tion he has been active and decided, and has served as trustee of the public school of his town. He has been de- voted to the cause of temperance, giving to it his time and energies since his early manhood. He takes advanced ground in favor of local option; has served in the county conventions of the State, and is a member of the State Alliance. He is alsoa Good Templar. Mr. Duffey was married, May 31, 1860, to Catharine, daughter of John Lee, of Hillsborough, Caroline County, and has five children living, of whom three are sons. All that he is he owes in large measure to his own exertions, and wherever known is highly respected for his many exemplary traits of char- acter. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. gy County, Maryland, July 18, 1818. His father, Charles Benson, was a merchant, and descended G from one of the oldest families of that county. He i was born in 1790, and died in 1864. He married Rachel, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Esgate, also of an old family of that county. She died in 1842, in her fifty-sixth year. She joined the Methodist Episcopal Church when only five years of age, and for fifty years was a devoted member of that communion, Her son James united with the same church in his fourteenth year, and attributes to that step the success and happiness of his life. He attended school from his sixth to his sixteenth year, assisting in his father’s store when not engaged in his studies. Krom the age of seventeen until he obtained his majority, he served as an apprentice to his uncle, Robert Benson, shoe dealer in Baltimore, remaining with him six months afterward, when he returned home and conducted the shoe business asa branch of his father’s store, until March, 1841. He then removed to St. Michael’s and commenced business for himself. He was succeeding well when in November, 1843, he lost all his property by fire. To rally from this disaster was the hard struggle of his life, but he succeeded and continued in business until November, 1856, when his health suffering from the con- finement of his store, he purchased a small farm, called “Elberton,” two miles from St. Michael’s, to which he removed. Here his health improved, and he added to the employments of the farm the business of General Agent and Collector for St. Michael’s. In 1867 he purchased the estate known as “ Maiden Point,” and resided there until December, 1875, when he returned to the town of St. Michael’s. He still continues the same business. His agency includes land sales, fertilizers, insurance and gen- eral claim collection. He was Collector of State and County Taxes for Talbot County for the years 1862 and 1863, and for election districts numbers three and five, for three years afterward. Mr. Benson has been con- spicuous all his life in the Methodist Episcopal Church, having held every lay office, and is now Recording Steward of St. Michael's charge. He has been largely instrumental in the building of their beautiful new church, which is an ornament to the town. He was married, in November, 1841, to Elizabeth, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Harrison, of Talbot County. Her father was formerly a large shipbuilder of Baltimore city. She became the mother of fourteen children, only four of whom are. now living. Losing his wife in February, 1861, Mr. Benson was again married, to Mary Anna, daughter of Perry Benson, of Royal Oak, Talbot County. By this union he has one child. Mr. Benson has been a remarkably useful man, filling every position in life to which Providence assigned him; whether as a church member, a citizen of the community in which he lives, or as the head of a large and interesting family, with credit to himself and with benefit to others. Wa ENSON, JAMES, was born in St. Michael’s, Talbot @ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. WW HELPS, 'Hon. Cuartes E., Lawyer, was born in « “as Guilford, Vermont, May 1, 1833. His father, ava Hon. John Phelps, was a lawyer of reputation in ab that State. His mother, Mrs. Almira Lincoln 3 Phelps, is the author of a series of elementary treatises on botany, chemistry, natural philosophy, and geology, which have been for many years widely used as textbooks, over one million copies of the various edi- tions having been sold. Her reputation as an authoress, and also as a practical and successful educator, attracted the attention of the Trustees of the Patapsco Female Institute, of which Hon. Thomas B. Dorsey, Chief Justice of Maryland, was President, and upon their invitation, seconded by the Right Rev. Bishop Whittingham, Mr. and Mrs, Phelps removed to Ellicott’s Mills in 1841, and as- sumed charge of that establishment, which soon became an assured success. Hon. Charles E. Phelps is a de- scendant in the eighth generation from William Phelps, who emigrated from England to Massachusetts in 1630. On his mother’s side, he is descended from Thomas Hooker, known as the “founder of the Connecticut colony,” and from Samuel Hart, one of the colonial champions of religious liberty in opposition to the intoler- ant code known as the “ Blue Laws.”” Becoming a resi- dent of Maryland in his early childhood, he attended the Rock Hill Academy, and in 1844 a private school in Bal- timore, becoming an inmate of the family of Professor N. R. Smith. He afterwards passed four years at St. Timo- thy’s Hall, under the care of Rev. L. Van Bokkelen, and graduated at Princeton College in 1852. His legal studies he pursued at the law school at Cambridge, and in the office of Robert J. Brent. After spending some time in foreign travel, he commenced the practice of his profession in Howard County and in the city of Baltimore, removing thither in 1856. The political situation was at that time disturbed by the disorders which had begun to characterize the local rule of the so-called Know-Nothing organization, To suppress the disturbances wHich grew out of it, the “ Maryland Guard” was called into existence, of which Mr. Phelps was one of the originators, Captain of a com- pany, and afterwards Major. He was not altogether un- prepared for these duties, St. Timothy’s Hall having been something of a military school, and he had imbibed strong military tastes in very early life from a residence of several months within the walls of Fortress Monroe, while on a visit to an elder brother, an officer of artillery. In the municipal election of October, 1860, the Reform party nominated the Hon. George William Brown for Mayor, and among their candidates for the City Council, presented the name of Mr. Phelps for the First Branch from the Twelfth Ward. This party had the gratification of seeing all their candidates elected over their Know-Nothing op- ponents by large majorities. The Reformers carried every ward in the city, and ninety-six precincts out of one hun- dred, making the revolution complete. As chairman of 38 293 the Committee on Police, Mr. Phelps presented an elaborate report on the relations of the city to the State, as affected by the legislation organizing a State police; recommending such revision of the city ordinances as were required, and calling attention to some of the powers vested in the Board of Police Commissioners, which seemed liable to future partisan abuse, with a suggestion of remedies. The sectional difficulties shortly after culminating in civil war, no action was taken on this report. On the memorable 1gth of April, Mr. Phelps was Major in the Maryland Guard, which was assembling at its armory, surrounded by an excited multitude. He found a large majority of its members either in full sympathy with the prevalent spirit of hostility to the Federal troops, or passively yielding to it; and a very small minority endeavoring, like himself, yainly to stem the current. The orders that at length came from the civil authorities, were such as were ap- plauded by the crowd, and were entirely satisfactory to the majority of the men. Mr. Phelps declined to obey, and withdrew, forwarding immediately a formal resignation of his commission. He was urged to reconsider his deter- mination, and was offered the command of a detachment to assist in burning the railroad bridges. Receiving in- telligence from an official quarter, which, however, proved incorrect, that a Confederate force from Harper’s Ferry would be in the city on the next day, he left with his family on the morning of the 20th for Philadelphia, where he remained till the attitude of resistance was abandoned. In August, 1862, he accepted the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Seventh Maryland Volunteers, a new regiment of in- fantry raised and commanded by Hon. Edwin H. Webster, then a member of the House of Representatives. In November, 1863, on his re-election to Congress, Colonel Webster resigned, and Colonel Phelps was commissioned and succeeded to the command. The First, Fourth, Sey- enth, and Eighth Maryland Regiments were brigaded to- gether, and the Maryland Brigade was constantly in active service. On the first day of the battle of the “ Wilder- ness,’ Colonel Phelps had a horse shot under him. At Spottsylvania Court-house, May 8, 1864, he succeeded to the command of the brigade, after the fall of Colonel Denison, severely wounded. The fall of General Robin- son, also severely wounded, placed him in command of the division, or its remnant, while in the act of charging a line of breastworks on Laurel Hill. The assault was repulsed with heavy loss, and Colonel Phelps, while leading the column, had his horse killed under him, was wounded and taken prisoner. For his “ gallant conduct” in this action, he was subsequently commissioned Brevet Brigadier-Gen- eral. The day after being captured, while on the road to Richmond under a guard of the enemy's cavalry with over three hundred prisoners, the party was overtaken near Beaver Dam Station by General Custer’s brigade, and a brief skirmish resulted in the rescue of the prisoners, and the capture or dispersion of their guard. Colonel 294 Phelps being severely wounded, suffered excessively for want of proper attention during the ten days which fol- lowed of rapid marching and frequent fighting. The wounded far exceeded the means of transportation, and many were left behind. In his efforts to keep with the command, Colonel Phelps overstrained his powers of en- durance, and after reaching Bottom Bridge, was unable to proceed further. Hearing of this, General Sheridan kindly took him in charge, placing his own travelling wagon at his disposal for the residue of the march. He was in Baltimore an invalid when that city was in immi- nent danger of capture after the defeat of General Wal- lace at Monocacy in July, 1864, and volunteering his ser- vices to Major-General Ord to assist in the defence, he served on his staff till the invasion was repelled. Honor- ably discharged from the service in September, 1864, on account of disability from his wound, aggravated by sub- sequent exposure, Colonel Phelps was nominated, by ac- clamation, in the Congressional District Convention of the Union party, which met shortly after in Baltimore, to suc- ceed Hon. Henry Winter Davis in the Thirty-ninth Con- gress. He accepted the nomination in a speech defining his position as “ radical in war and conservative in peace.” In that Congress he served on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on the Militia. He opposed by speech and vote the radical measures and policy of reconstruction, and ad- vocated the restoration of the Southern States without further condition than the abolition of slavery, but voted, under the modified shape which it finally assumed, for the Amendment known as Article XIV. He also strongly op- posed his veteran colleague, Governor Frank Thomas, in " the measures he sought to introduce looking to the restor- ation, by Congressional enactment, of the Republican supremacy in Maryland. As a representative from Mary- land, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs of the Thirty-ninth Congress, the duty devolved on Mr. Phelps of sustaining the claims of the city of Annapolis as the permanent site of the Naval Academy, which dur- ing the war had been temporarily removed to Newport, Rhode Island. His efforts, both in committee and in the House, were actively devoted to demonstrating the unri- valled advantages of Annapolis, and were largely instru- mental in securing the appropriations for the erection of new buildings there for the use of the Academy, which practically settled the question. In 1866 Mr. Phelps was nominated to the Fortieth Congress by the Conservatives, and elected after a struggle of great bitterness, out of which emerged the Democratic Conservative party, a name which has ever since been retained. His election, though secured by a large majority, was formally contested by his radical opponent, who, however, finally withdrew. In February, 1867, he was offered an executive appointment as a Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, to fill the place of Judge Cochran, deceased, but the contest for his seat in the House of Representatives being then pending and ac- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tively pressed, this appointment was declined. In the Fortieth Congress he was placed upon the Committee of Appropriations. In Congress he pursued an independent course, voting with the Democratic minority upon political questions, such as reconstruction and impeachment, and with the Republican majority upon questions of finance and the public credit. Declining to embark in a contest for a renomination, Mr. Phelps, after a service of four years in Congress, returned to the active practice of his profession, in partnership with John V. L. Findlay, with whom he is still associated. In 1872 he was appointed by Governor Whyte, State Manager of the House of Refor- mation for Colored Children, in Prince George’s County, to which position he has been reappointed by each suc- ceeding Governor. He took no part in the so-called Re- form campaign of 1875, but after the election made a speech at the Maryland Institute to an immense mass meeting, presided over by Professor N. R. Smith, which was received with great ec/at, and elicited the warmest congratulations of his friends. On July 4, 1876, by the invitation of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, he delivered the Centennial oration at Druid Hill Park. In October of the same year, he delivered the address before the Agricultural and Mechanical Society of Harford County, at their annual exhibition at Bel Air. General Phelps has served for several years as a member of the Board of Public School Commissioners of Baltimore, and ° for a portion of the time as President of the Board. He has also served at a number of Diocesan Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Maryland, as a lay delegate. Since 1856 he has been a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, attending occasionally its annual meetings, at one of which, held in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1872, he read a paper upon the “ Application of the Mechanical Philosophy of Heat to Cosmical Motion.” Upon the breaking out of the riot in Baltimore in July, 1877, caused by the attack of the mob on the Maryland Guard, while marching against the rail- road strikers, it was decided by Governor Carroll to raise two new regiments of infantry for thirty days’ service, the command of one of which was offered to General Phelps. He at once commenced recruiting the Eighth Regiment Maryland Guard, and the next day went into camp with four companies, two more being soon after added, when further recruiting was stopped. Shortly before the expir- ation of the term of enlistment, the newly raised regi- ments were paid off and mustered out. General Phelps was married, in 1868, to Martha, daughter of William Woodward, one of the oldest and best-known merchants in Baltimore. General Phelps was an able and popular com- mander, a thorough disciplinarian, and in action exhibited great coolness and bravery. As an orator, he is impas- sioned, cogent, and remarkably effective. A thorough student of the law, he masters his cases and presents them before the court and the jury with remarkable effect and success. ae Ses. ff a, Ll ae ay BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDTIA. SWop!ACKUS, Reverenp Joun C., D.D., was born in Sly Albany, New York, in 1811, At an early age he 7 was sent to the New York University. Leaving ? there he entered Harvard, where he graduated in S 1831. Accepting theology as a profession he became a student at Princeton, where he remained three years. In 1835 he became a licentiate, and in December of that year was called to New Orleans. x rouée he stopped at Baltimore, where, owing to the death of Mr. Nevins, the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church, which the deceased had long and acceptably filled, was vacant. An invitation to preach was extended to Mr. Backus, and was accepted. He produced such a favorable impression as to result in his election in 1836 to officiate as the permanent pastor. He was installed as such on September 15 of that year. The First Church structure was then located on the site occupied now by the United States Court-house, corner of North and Fayette streets. The last services held therein were in 1860, and the final one of them was made the occasion of an interesting historical discourse upon the origin and progress of Presbyterianism in Baltimore, and its early church structures, delivered by Mr. Backus. In 1861 Doctor Backus was made Moderator of the Assembly. In 1875 he requested permission to resign the charge, which request was granted, so far as to release him from the duties and responsibilities of his office, on condition, however, that his future relations to the church would be that of Pastor Emeritus. Doctor Backus is liberal in his religious views. In person he is tall, slender, and erect, and presents a strikingly clerical appearance. i anne. D WeAGNER, Perer, was born in Philadelphia, October GAY ( I, 1772, and died at Washington, July 16, 1850. supp He was appointed a clerk in the Treasury by @ General Washington in 1793, and Third Auditor by President Monroe, upon the creation of that office in 1817. He served under every administration for fifty-six years, with high approbation and esteem, resigning his office to General Taylor in 1849. Congress repeatedly devolved on him the settlement of large and important claims, and twice by direct vote expressed its appreciation of his valuable services. The office of Third Auditor, be- fore the institution of the present Court of Claims, became at one time so prominent from the calls made upon its chief by Congress, that John Randolph of Roanoke once, pausing in debate for an apt phrase to express his sense of the influence of the Emperor Nicholas in the affairs of Eu- rope, styled him the great 7hzrd Auditor of Nations. In the Union of October 24, 1844, its editor, the late Thomas Ritchie, commenting upon the retirement of Mr. Hagner, said: “No government could ever boast of a more able, coro 295 He has been the model of what a public servant should be; no higher compliment can be paid to a public officer than to say of him, ‘ He is as virtuous as Peter Hagner.’ ” honest and efficient officer. ( OLTON, Hon. GeorGe, State Printer and Editor and Proprietor of the Maryland Republican, was 43°°° born in Portsmouth, England, October 31, 1817. ( His father, John Colton, was a native of the same 9 place, while’ his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Moore, was born in Little Hampton. His father was a soldier in the British Army, and was one of the number who stood for the draft to go to the battle of Waterloo, but fortunately was not drawn. Having been honorably discharged from the service, he emigrated to the United States in 1819, settling in Leonardtown, St, Mary’s County, Maryland, where he died at the age of fifty-two, and his wife at the age of forty-three. They had a family of eleven children, eight of whom, Elizabeth, William, Richard, George, Ann, Joseph, Mary, and John, grew to maturity. Only George and John now survive. The former was left an orphan when about twelve years of age, and enjoyed few opportunities of education. En- tirely dependent on his own resources, he apprenticed him- self when fourteen to a tailor and served six years. Dur- ing that time he devoted all his spare moments to reading and study, and pursued this course through many years, till he was not only well acquainted with books but also with public affairs. Having mastered his trade he at once started in business for himself, and successfully prosecuted it for several years in Leonardtown, and afterwards in West River. But his mind was too active for the confine- ment of the shop, and he finally opened a store for gene- ral mercantile business, which was very successful, till in 1847 he had the misfortune to lose all his hard earnings by fire. He then went to Baltimore, and compounding with -his creditors for sixty cents on the dollar obtained receipts in full, but promised to pay the balance if he was ever able. Fourteen years later he paid the remaining forty cents with full interest for the whole time, an act which speaks with more force for his integrity and honor than volumes of praise. During the administration of Presi- dent Polk Mr. Colton was Postmaster at West River, and in 1852 received an appointment to a position in one of the State Tobacco Warehouses in Baltimore, which he held for nearly seven years. During that time he became well and favorably acquainted with the leading men of the State, and this acquaintance, and the regard in which he is held among them, has ever since given him great influ- ence in political councils. In January, 1860, he was ap- poirted Purveyor of the Baltimore City and County Alms. 296 house, before the division was made. In 1865 he pur- chased the Maryland Republican, published at Annapolis, one of the oldest newspapers in the State, having first been issued in 1809. This introduced him to the most congenial employment of his life, he having always had a fondness for literature and been « constant contributor to the press for many years. Entering upon the task with enthusiasm, and continuing it with untiring zeal, his en- terprise and ability have made this one of the most influ- ential weekly newspapers in the State. Mr. Colton had for many years been very prominent in politics, and at the close of the war was one of the recognized leaders of the Democratic party in Maryland. Untiring in his activity, his influence was widely felt. His keen intellect, the ex- tent of his information, his quickness of thought and sug- gestion in every emergency, his native force of character, and ability to carry the party counsel to a successful issue, made him a power not only in his own organization but in the State. From 1868 to 1874 he was a Representative in the General Assembly from the Nineteenth Ward of Bal- timore, and to no man was the legislation of that period more indebted. For the last ten years he has been either directly or indirectly, the printer to the State, a position he has filled with general acceptance. He is also a Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, besides holding seve- ral minor offices. Among the last it may be mentioned that he was a Visitor to the Industrial School for Orphan Girls, and a Trustee of the Bay View Asylum. He has several times been a member of the City Democratic Con- vention, and is one of the leaders in all the party councils. Though so active in politics, Mr. Colton has found time to interest himself greatly in agriculture, and his fine farm containing one hundred and fifty acres near Jessup’s Cut, in Howard County, is under a high state of cultivation. His blooded stock is unsurpassed in the State, while his great variety of fowls and their superiority make his collec- tion one of the finest in the United States. At the Mary- land Fair in 1878 he received, on his different varieties, over fifty first premiums. Mr. Colton was married, Septem- ber 27, 1842, to Miss Lydia Jane Hamilton, a lady of rare excellence. They have had five children, the eldest, Wes- ley Hamilton Colton, is one of the officers in the Criminal Court of Baltimore. Luther F. Colton is one of the pro- prietors of the Maryland Hotel at Annapolis. The eldest daughter, Hannah Moore, married Charles A. Wailes, State Commissioner of Insurance, and died in 1873, at the age of twenty-five. She was a lady of remarkable beauty and loveliness of character. Her husband followed her in 1876. They left two children, Elizabeth Leonard, and Mary Hamilton Wailes. The fourth child of Mr. Colton is Carrie Lee, who is at home with her parents; their youngest, George, Jr., died in early childhood Mr. Col- ton is now a gentleman of sixty years of age, but with such excellent health, freshness of countenance, and vivacity of manner and expression as to appear less than fifty. He BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. is of medium height, has a massive forehead and clear penetrating eyes. He is exceedingly pleasant and genial. A thoroughly self-made man, he owes his great success in life and long-continued prominence in political affairs solely to his native genius, and to his abilities as a leader. YLVESTER, J.J., LL.D., F.R.S., was born in Ne} London, September 3, 1814. He was chiefly edu- cated in St. John’s College, Cambridge, England, ! passing his examination at the University as second wrangler in 1837. For several years he pursued the study of law, intending to devote his life to the legal pro- fession, for which he had peculiar fitness. He was for several years Professor of Mathematics in University Col- lege, at that time styled the University of London; for fifteen years the Professor of Mathematics, at the head of a numerous staff, inthe Royal Military Academy of Wool- wich, For a short time, when a very young man, he held the same position in the University of Virginia, United States. ' For some time he was Mathematical Adviser to certain Assurance and Reversionary Companies in London, and for several years after quitting the Royal Military Academy, was Examiner to the University of London. He has received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the Universities of Dublin and Edinburgh; has been Fellow of the Royal Society of London for forty years ; Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 1854 was one of the nine annually elected by the committee of the Atheneum’ Club, London. He received from the Royal Society of London the gold medal for his mathe- matical researches. He is a corresponding or foreign member of the Institute of France, of the Royal Acade- mies of Sciences of Berlin and Géttingen, the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, the Royal Acad- emy of Sciences of Naples, and other learned societies of England, France, Italy,and America. For over twenty years he has been editor of the Quarterly Yournal of Mathematics, published in Cambridge, England. He was one of the original founders of the Mathematical Society of London, in which he held the office of president next in succession to the late Professor De Morgan, a position now filled by the eminent Physicist and Mathematician, Lord Rayleigh. He is at present editor-in-chief of the American Fournal of Mathematics, published under the auspices of the Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore ; author of various works on Mathematics and Mechanics, embracing from one to two hundred memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, the Philosophical Magazine, Crelle’s Fournal, the Transac- tions of the Institute of France, the London and Dublin Mathematical Fournal, the Quarterly Fournal of Math- ematics, and other English, French and Italian journals. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He is the author of a valuable little work entitled Zhe Laws of Verse. In some of his leisure hours he has amused himself with writing poetical pieces, some of which have been published, and possess great merit. He dis- covered the proof of the celebrated theorem of Newton on algebraical equations, which for upwards of a century and a half had remained undemonstrated. He is the joint founder, with Professor Cayley, of- Cambridge, England, of what is known as Zhe Modern Algebra, which is as much more general than the old algebra as the old alge- bra is more general than arithmetic; and of which Pro- fessor Sylvester has recently discovered an application to chemical science, which has excited great attention among chemists. He is the author of the Zheory of Linkage, founded on Peaucellier’s remarkable discovery of a method of converting circular into rectilinear motion, a problem of mechanism which had previously been supposed impossi- ble to be effected; and has invented several new instru- ments which have been exhibited in the recent loan collec- tion at South Kensington Museum and elsewhere in Eng- land, among which may be mentioned the Plagiograph, which, while it magnifies or diminishes like an ordinary pantograph, turns the figure copied round through ‘any de- sired angle ; and a geometrical fan for causing any num- ber of radial bars to open or close simultaneously through equal angles, which the well-known English optician, Mr. Browning, has proposed to apply to the construction of a cheap form of automatic spectroscope. Give in Hon. JOHN WooDLAND, Representa- “ye tive in the Thirtieth and the Thirty-seventh Con- ™° gress of the United States, from the First Congres- I sional District of Maryland, and one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State, was borir in Kent County, Maryland, in 1808. His father was Arthur Cris- field, a farmer and gentleman of great uprightness of character. He was held in the highest esteem by the community in which he lived, and his death in 1825, when the subject of this sketch was in his sixteenth year, caused widespread regret. Mr. Crisfield’s mother was Miss Elizabeth Woodland, a lady of more than ordinary abili- ties. She died in 1841. Young Crisfield received his principal education at Washington College, Maryland. In 1828 he commenced the reading of law in the office of his cousin, and brother-in-law, Henry Page, a gentleman of distinguished legal abilities, and a leading member of the bar in his day. After two years of study Mr. Crisfield was admitted to the practice of law. After some time spent in travel he located in Indiana, with the view of practicing his profession. He was admitted to the bar of 297 that State, but was soon called back to Maryland for.the settlement of an estate. He concluded to remain in this State, and opened a law office, in 1832, in Princess Anne, Somerset County, where he has continued to reside to the present time. From very early life Mr. Crisfield mani- fested an eager interest in the fortunes of the Whig party. Henry Clay was his ideal of the patriot statesman, and Daniel Webster his mentor as the exponent of the Con- stitution, and the rights of the General Government aris- ing therefrom. He became in 1840 an ardent supporter of General Harrison for the Presidency, being at that time editor and proprietor of the Somerset Herald, whose columns display the earnestness and warmth with which he contended for the triumph of his party. In addition to his editorial championship he canvassed his county, de- livering able and eloquent addresses in behalf of Whig principles. In 1847 he was nominated by the Whig party as its candidate for Congress in the First Congressional. District of Maryland. His Democratic competitor was Judge Samuel D. Lecompte, of subsequent Kansas noto- riety. Mr. Crisfield was elected and served on the floor of Congress with such distinguished Marylanders as Ligon, McLane, Evans, Chapman, and Roman, as his colleagues. The Mexican war was then in progress, which he opposed, and made a strong speech, during the session, in favor of citizens carrying their property, of whatever kind, into the Territories. During the session he attended a meeting in Washington, composed of influential politicians, who sought to smother General Taylor as a candidate for the Presidency, his star then beginning to be in the ascendant. He was made Secretary of this meeting before its purposes became known to him; opposed its design, and earnestly combated its abettors. In March, 1849, he resumed the practice of his profession, and peremptorily declined a re- election to Congress, not because his interest had grown less for his party or country, but because his circumstances required that he should provide for a growing family. In 1850 he was elected a member of the State Constitutional Convention. During the seven months of its session he participated actively in its transactions. Two questions of great importance to the interests of the State were before that body: first, that of representation, which, prior to that period, was based on geographical lines. The Chesapeake Bay, dividing the counties on either side of it, made a sup- posed diversity of interest. A geographical representation gave each of the counties four representatives, while the city of Baltimore had but two. The other question was the Judiciary. Hitherto the judges had been appointed ; now it was sought to make them elective. Mr. Crisfield opposed change, desiring an independent judiciary, but his wishes and efforts failed. Upon the disruption of the Whig party in 1855, when many of its members entered what was styled the American party, Mr. Crisfield found himself detached from any political organization, being unable, conscien- tiously, to join the new one. He ran for the judgeship of his 298 district, but was defeated by sixty votes, by the candidate of the American party, which was then sweeping every- thing before it. After this period he voted with the Demo- cratic party, but never affiliated with it, and ever since 1855 has been a man, as he expresses it, ‘ without a party.” At the breaking out of the American civil war he was known as a Conservative or Union man, and, believing se- cession to be revolution, threw himself strongly against the action that sought to dismember the government. Whilst absent from home, and not only without solicitation on his part, but even against his wishes, he was nominated by the Union party for the Thirty-seventh Congress. He deliv- ered speeches throughout his district in favor of the Union, which were remarkable for their logic, earnestness and power. He was triumphantly elected, and his course in Congress evidenced him a Union Conservative, not antag- onizing slavery, but arraying himself against what he re- garded as the extremists of both sections. His speech on greenbacks as a legal tender occasioned great dissatisfaction with extreme Republicans, but his positions were amply sustained by Judge Chase, in.the Supreme Court, after- His attitude on slavery and other questions, con- cerning the management of the war, were distasteful to the party in power, and though a candidate for the Thirty- eighth Congress, he was not elected. As a lawyer, Mr. Crisfield has been engaged in many of the most important cases on the Eastern Shore. The case of Chelton and Henderson, which made a stir at the bar, and was decided as a leading case by the Court of Appeals, and gained by him, is well known. Among other cases in which he was engaged may be mentioned Payne v. Wrightson, a breach of promise suit, costing the defendant one half of his es- tate, by verdict of jury; case of Lawson and Goodsell, one of riparian rights, and of great importance, involving the rights of all landowners on the tidewater of the State; and that of the Commonwealth against McCotter, who was hung, the evidence being entirely circumstantial. The able manner in which he has conducted all his cases has given him a reputation among the members of the bar as one of the ablest lawyers in the State. Mr. Crisfield has been largely identified with the public improvements of his por- tion of Maryland. In 1866 he located the town of Cris- field (called after him) on the Chesapeake Bay. The site of it was a marsh, but the town now has a population of two thousand. His.means and energy were put forth to build the Eastern Shore Railroad. He was President of the company that built it, and was instrumental in making the road a success, though at great pecuniary cost to him- self. Mr. Crisfield has been three times married, first to Miss Ellen R., daughter of George Johnson, of Somerset County; second, to his cousin, Julia Ethelin, daughter of Dr. Henry Page, of Kent County. She was a sister of the celebrated lawyer, Henry Page, of Cambridge, Maryland, and mother of Henry Page, State’s Attorney of Somerset County, and who bears the name of his mother’s family, by ward. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. act of the State Legislature of 1844, by consent of his father and the urgent request of his grandmother, Mrs. Dr. Page, mother of Henry Page, deceased, of Cambridge. The third marriage was in 1843, to Miss Mary W., daugh- ter of General George Handy, of Somers.t County. She is still living. , ISONG, WiLt1AM A., Secretary and Treasurer of the Safe Deposit and Trust Company of Baltimore, was born April 1, 1819, at Woodsborough, Freder- ick County, Maryland. He was the eldest of twelve children. His father, Isaac Wisong, was of French descent. He was a native of Shepherdstown, Virginia. He had three brothers, Joseph, John, Lewis, and two sisters, Sarah and Margaret. Isaac Wisong was originally a shoemaker in Virginia, but he subsequently removed to Frederick, Maryland, where he went into the drygoods business at that place. His mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Baer. She had three brothers: William, a chem- ist in Baltimore, Dr. Michael, a physician of the same city, and Dr. Jacob, a physician of Frederick. William A. re- ceived his early education at an academy, such as that period afforded where he lived. At an early age, 1832, he came to Baltimore with his uncle, William Baer, and en- tered the drug store of Mr. P. S. Chappel, in whose estab- lishment he served for several years. He then formed a copartnership with Mr, Kettlewell, and under the firm name of Wisong & Kettlewell conducted the drug busi- ness for a brief period. He next engaged in the glass busi- ness, connecting with it daguerreotype and artists’ materials, in which he continued with success for some years. He dis- posed of this business to William King & Bro. Mr. Wisong then entered the Internal Revenue service, in which he was very successfully employed for about nine years. At the close of that term he accepted the responsible positions of Secretary and Treasurer of the Safe Deposit and Trust Company, which he has most acceptably filled for the last six years, and in which he still continues. This company was originally chartered by the General Assembly of Mary- land in 1864, under the title of the Safe Deposit Company of Baltimore, but at the January session in 1876, the act of incorporation was amended and the name changed to the Safe Deposit and Trust Company of Baltimore, It is au- thorized by its charter to take charge of and execute trusts, to act as executor, administrator, assignee, guardian of minor children, and in other fiduciary capacities. The executive ability and integrity of Mr. Wisong fully qualify him for his position and entitle him tothe entire confidence of his fellow-citizens. The President, Vice-President, and Board of Directors, together with himself, are among the ablest and best-known business men of Baltimore. Mr. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Wisong, in connection with J. Dean Smith, President of the Young Men’s Christian Association, called the first public meeting in reference to the formation of a Children’s Aid Society of Baltimore, which was subsequently founded September 18, 1860. It was first intended for females only, but its benefits have since been extended to the other sex. The resolution to establish such a society set forth as the object, “To provide homes for poor, neglected, and abandoned children as have no homes, and as are being raised in vice and crime.” This resolution received the indorsement of Hon. Thomas Swann, Mayor, Charles Howard, President Board of Police Commissioners, George P. Kane, Marshal of Police, and Hon. Hugh L. Bond, Judge of Criminal Court. The society was subsequently endowed by Henry Watson, Esq., and was named in his honor. It has four separate departments, namely: The children’s department, the girls’ home department, sewing machine department, and the department for instruction in cutting and fitting garments. It is now in its eighteenth year, and has met with deserved success. Mr. Wisong is its Corresponding Secretary. He has the credit of being the originator, also, of the Prisoner’s Aid Society, in which he takes a deep interest. Governor Bradford appointed him to visit prisons in other cities, in which he collected much valuable information. He is neither a politician nor a member of any secret society. He is a member of the Third English Lutheran Church, and has been Superin- tendent of its Sunday-school for thirty-five years. He is also Superintendent of a Sunday-school in the Maryland Penitentiary, numbering about five hundred, which school he organized over seventeen years ago, and has continued its Superintendent ever since. In his religion as in his daily business he is faithful in all things, making the word of God his rule of action and conforming his life to its teachings. He is extremely modest; and though frequently called upon to address public Sunday-school meetings for- bids the publication of his name as one of the speakers. He married Miss Caroline W. Munder, by whom he had six. children, not one of whom lives to bless his household. MITTS, Hon, Hi,ary Ropert, President of Wi- comico and Pocomoke Railroad, was born in Ber- lin, Worcester County, Maryland. His ancestors ; were English, who early settled on the Peninsula. ‘+ His father is Dr. John R. Pitts. His mother, Miss Julia Mitchell, was a daughter of Colonel Mitchell, of Wor- cester County, who served in the Revolutionary war. His parents were married in 1814, and settled near the town of Berlin. Hilary was the oldest of four children, and began going to school in the country at the age of eight 299 years, and continued to attend principally in the winter. At the age of fourteen he commenced attending Bucking- ham Academy, then under the direction of Rev. Alexander Campbell, a Presbyterian minister. In his eighteenth year he began the study of medicine under his father, who had an extensive and laborious practice. After attending three courses of lectures in Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- phia, he graduated in 1838, and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in connection with his father, which continued until 1850, when his father retired, leav- ing the office and practice to his son. In 1868 Dr. Hilary Pitts was elected President of the Wicomico and Poco- moke Railroad; its duties requiring all his time, he re- linquished his profession, to which he had devoted thirty years. He was elected to the State Senate in 1856, and served in the session of 1856-7. He served also in the House of Delegates in 1867, having been elected by the Democratic party, with which he has always affiliated. The doctor has travelled extensively through that portion of the United States which lies east of the Rocky Moun- tains. He has been a Mason since 1845, and is now (1879) a member and Treasurer of Evergreen Lodge, No. 153. He has been married three times; first, to Miss Mary Wil- liams, daughter of John J. Williams, Esq.; next, to Miss Rebecca A. Bowen. His last wife was formerly Miss Mary Ann Collins. All the parties of these several mar- riages being of Worcester County, Maryland. He has five children living, of whom Dr. John J. W. Pitts is engaged in the practice of medicine in Berlin, Maryland. The founding and building up of Ocean City on the Atlantic coast, about seven miles from Berlin, has been one of the chief labors of the doctor's life. This famous resort has five large hotels, some of them erected at the cost of sev- eral thousand dollars. It is claimed that the beach there is the best on the coast, having no dangerous undertow. The thousands who have received so much pleasure at Ocean Grove, or regained health, are mainly indebted for this pleasure and profit to the foresight, energy, and per- severance of Dr. Hilary Pitts. G OUNCELL, Witt1am Henry, was born near Wye Ae Mills, in Talbot County, August 26, 1830. His f parents, Richard Tubman and Anna Maria Coun- : cell, were of the Roman Catholic faith. His father a4 died when he was but seven years of age, and his mother when he was only eleven. Their Christian exam- ple made an impression on his mind that has influenced him throughout his life. He was left by their death with people of little cultivation; no pains were taken to send him regularly to school, and he grew up with a very lim- ited education. At fifteen, awaking toa full realization of 300 his orphaned and friendless condition, and the necessity of making his own way in life, he apprenticed himself to Alexander Graham, Editor of the Zaston Gazette, to learn the printing business. The six years of his indenture he served out with such diligence and earnestness, that all the secular days he lost from business in that time, from sick- ness or any other cause, amounted to less than a week. It was to him also an education, and supplied the deficien- cies of his earlier years. On reaching his majority he worked four years as a journeyman, and in 1857 purchased the paper on which he had been all this time employed, and commenced business for himself on a borrowed capi- tal of about four thousand dollars. Resolved to liquidate this debt as speedily as possible, he worked day and night, late and early, alternately setting type and editing his paper, until the obligation was fulfilled. Many years ago, he became connected with the Methodist Protestant Church, of which he is still an active and consistent mem- ber, and to which he is warmly attached. Mr. Councell was in his youth a Democrat, but at an early age embraced the principles of the Whig party, and voted for General Winfield Scott for President. At the beginning of the dis- turbances in 1861, he took a decided stand for the Union, and has ever remained a firm and enthusiastic Republican. In 1865 he was appointed Postmaster of Easton by Presi- dent Lincoln, in which office he was continued through the administration of Andrew Johnson, and through both terms of President Grant. In 1877 he was again appointed by President Hayes. In all these appointments the only op- position he received was at the first one, and he has re- tained the fullest confidence of the government. enams ie IERY, HonorasLE NATHANIEL, Member of the u a House of Delegates, was the son of Joseph and "s’.~—- Catharine (Schner) Fiery, born at Hagerstown, “Dy Maryland, October 23, 1843. His father and grand- father owned large property in land and slaves, and were men of wide influence. Their ancestors were among the early settlers of the State. The maternal ancestors of Mr. Fiery came from Pennsylvania to Maryland many years ago. Both families were of German extraction. He was educated at Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated, B. A., in 1864, intending to prepare for the Christian ministry in the Lutheran Church, but his father purchased a large milling property, which, added to his farm, made his duties so onerous that Nathaniel was called home to assist him. The result was that he be- came interested in his new vocation, gradually lost sight of his original purpose, and became a merchant miller, entering into business on his own account in 1867, and continuing it to the present time. He was never ambitious of political preferment, but accepted the nomination of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. his party in Washington County, in the autumn of 1877, as candidate for the popular branch of the Legislature, the canvass resulting in his election, he being one of the three Democrats elected in his county. All the other successful candidates were Republicans. He has been appointed on several committees, and is an active and useful member of the House. He was married in 1869 to Miss Mary A. Spielman, of his native county, and has four children, Edgar, Max Joseph, Lela, and Mary. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and active in religious and benevolent work. Like his father, he has always been identified with the Democratic party. -EEVERS, WILLIAM RusH, was born March 29, ») 1815, in Frederick County, Virginia. His paternal grandfather came from Germany. There is a tra- “Y dition in the family that his ancestors descended from the French Huguenots who emigrated to Ger- many during the persecutions in France. His father, Henry Seevers, a native of Pennsylvania, moved to Vir- ginia inearly youth. His mother, Hannah Grapes, was a native of Virginia. The former was nearly ninety years of age at the time of his death. The latter died at about seventy-one years of age. They had eleven sons and one daughter. Four of the sons and the daughter are still living. The second son, James Seevers, is in his eighty-seventh year. William R. Seevers, the youngest son of Henry Seevers, received his early education near the place of his birth, where he studied the common English branches, Latin and mathematics. After leaving school, and assisting his father for a few years on the farm, he at the age of sixteen became clerk in a country store for about two years. In his eighteenth year he became Deputy Sheriff of Frederick County, and then of Clark County, and continued in the discharge of the duties of his office for about eight years. At this time also he was one of the Directors of the branch of the Farmers’ Bank of Virginia at Winchester. In 1846 he began the mercantile business on his own account, at Summits Point, Jefferson County, Virginia. He was also Postmaster of that place for about five years. Here he continued until 1851, when he removed to Baltimore and engaged in the cotton brokerage business with his brother, A. F. Seevers, and subsequently in the cotton commission business, in which he continued until 1867. He then, in partnership with Mr. George F. Anderson, bought the Paragon Flour Mills, which he and Mr, Anderson have ever since carried on. They have sold as high as four hundred thousand dollars worth of flour and other prod- ucts of the mill in one year. Their flour is considered equal, if not superior to any manufactured in the State. Though not a partisan, Mr. Seevers has always been frm in his political views, siding with the Democratic party. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He married Miss Emily E., daughter of Mr. Roger Hum- phreys, of Jefferson County, Virginia. Her mother was a Miss Wager, a niece of Robert Harper, who was the first settler of Harper’s Ferry, and from whom that place took itsname. They have four daughters living. Mr. Seevers has gathered together a good library of useful and standard works, which he has thoroughly read and digested. He is strictly a self-made man. Beginning life without any capital he accumulated enough to begin the mercantile business, and by industry, perseverance, and strict integrity has greatly added to his means. He has not only gained a competency, but has gained it with the confidence and good will of his fellow-merchants. By them he is looked upon as a successful and reliable business man, and a use- ful and estimable citizen. OAD MAD fHY{RIEZE, Joun THompson, Merchant and first Mayor a elect of the city of Havre de Grace. Is of German- ~vr Trish extraction. His paternal grandfather, Simni ' Frieze, emigrated from Germany and settled in Mary- land. He married a Miss Reese. Their children were Noah and Jesse. Jesse having been accidentally killed at Delaware City, Noah was left the only surviving representative of the family. His maternal grandfather, George Thompson, a Protestant, emigrated to this country from Ireland and settled in Cecil County, Maryland. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Hugh and Margaret Lyon, of Cecil County. His father, Noah Frieze, married Rebecca Thompson. Their children were Jesse, David Clinton, and John Thompson Frieze. Jesse and David Clinton died in childhood, leaving John Thompson, the subject of this sketch, the only surviving child. He was born in Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland, August 15, 1826. Both of his parents died before he was thirteen years of age, without leaving any means for his support and education. He was then taken into the home of his uncle, John J. Thompson, a stonecutter by trade, in Port De- posit. His uncle had a familydependent on his daily labor for his support, and the addition of young Frieze was a prospective burden which he felt illy able to bear. But he cheerfully undertook the care of the homeless boy. Not feeling able to send him to school, his early education was very limited. By his industry and thrift young Frieze man- aged through the summer to earn and save money enough to enable him to attend, during one winter, the academy at Port Deposit, then under the charge of John H. Brakely, A.M., Principal. He realized the importance of improving his opportunities, studied hard and made rapid progress. His intelligence and energy and the character he sustained for morals and good conduct prompted Messrs. George W. Kidd & Co., merchants, to offer him a situation as clerk in their store at that part of Port.Deposit known as Rock 39 301 Run, at a salary of fifty dollars per year and his board. He submitted this proposition to his uncle, who did not approve of it, fearing that the boy was of too tender years and might be thrown into associations whose influence for evil would result in his ruin. But the lad decided to avail himself of this offer, which, young as he was, he could see was a fa- vorable opening to relieve him from the drudgery of day labor. He accordingly entered into the engagement, and continued with that firm until they retired from business and sold out to Messrs. S. and T. Janney. The new firm desiring his services he entered into an engagement with them. During this time Mr. Andrew Lyon, who for many years had been largely and successfully engaged in mer- chandising at Rock Run, Cecil County, and was also en- gaged in the same business at Havre de Grace, having had opportunity to observe the indications of business qualifica- tions in young Frieze, as well as of his integrity and moral worth, tendered him a situation as clerk in the store at Havre de Grace. As this enlarged his opportunity to gain business knowledge he accepted Mr. Lyon’s offer, and, June 28, 1847, left the home of his childhood, and with all his earthly possessions tied up in a bundle, crossed the Susquehanna bridge and walked down the tow-path of the Tidewater Canal to his destination, where he at once en- tered on duty with his new employers, Lyon, Bayard & Co., of Havre de Grace. While in this situation a large and wealthy firm in another branch of business tendered young Frieze a clerkship at a much higher salary than he was then receiving; but in that situation he saw no prospect of promotion, and beside he had determined to adhere to one calling and make himself master of that, so that flattering offer was declined. Subsequently, a mer- chant of Port Deposit sought to secure his services, first as a clerk, and afterwards by the tempting offer of an interest in the business. Each of these offers, which were more remunerative than the pay he was then getting, were declined, partly from a grateful sense of the favor shown him by his employers, and because he believed that in due time he would make himself of such importance to them in their business that it would be to their interest to take him into the firm. It is worthy of note that from the age of thirteen years he never had to seek a situation, but situ- ations were repeatedly tendered him. On the death of Mr. Bayard, one of the members of the firm, Mr. Frieze was offered and accepted an interest in the business, when the style of the firm became A. & G. T. Lyon & Co., and has so continued to the present time, Mr. A. Lyon, the capitalist, and Mr. Frieze, the active business man of the firm. The house enjoys undoubted credit, and is the lead- ing mercantile firm in Havre de Grace. Mr. Frieze’s per- sonal popularity, industry in his calling, and honorable dealings, have contributed much to the largely increased business of the firm. As in business, so in politics, “ the place has sought the man, and not the man the place.” For twenty-six years he was annually elected one of the 302 Town Commissioners, was elected by the people School Commissioner for the county, and, January 6, 1879, was elected the first Mayor of the city of Havre de Grace. In 1870 he consented to be a candidate on the Republican ticket for the House of Delegates, and led his ticket by a large majority. In 1872 he was a candidate of the same party for State Senator, and, though the Democratic ma- jority in the county was 1089, he was defeated by only 212 votes. During the administration of Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks he was commissioned an aid on the Gov- ernor’s staff, with the rank of Colonel. During the civil war, Colonel Frieze was an active Union man, and in various ways rendered the government good service. Ed- ucated religiously, under Methodistic influence, he has ever been an active and liberal supporter of that church, with a generous sympathy towards other denominations. When the large and fine Methodist Episcopal Church at Havre de Grace was built, he was one of the building committee, and up to the present time is one of the trus- tees. In the progress of the town, now city, of Havre de Grace, he has always taken an active part for the interest of the people, yet never forgetting the home of his child- hood, which he always speaks of with kind feeling. He was President of the Havre de Grace Building Associa- tion, and at its close its members testified their appreciation of his services by presenting him with a gold-headed cane. He was also President of the Susquehanna Building Asso- ciation, and at its close was made the recipient of a hand- some present from its members. At present he is President of the Chesapeake Building Association. As a public speaker, Colonel Frieze possesses more than ordinary qualifications. An incident illustrative of the scriptural precept, that bread cast upon the waters shall return after many days, prompts the writer, who has known Colonel Frieze from his early youth, to introduce it here. Before Mr. Thompson died, he sent for his nephew, and placed in his charge his effects and family. How faithfully and gratefully that trust has been kept is demonstrated by the fact, that Colonel Frieze has looked after the widow and children, all of whom have since died and been buried by him, and at the present time the widow and child of one of the sons is provided for by him. Such instances of grateful remembrance are as rare as they are praiseworthy, and deserve honorable mention. On November 11, 1858, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth Green, of Havre de Grace. She is a descendant of a Hessian soldier, who, after coming to America, revolted at fighting against a people who were struggling for their liberty, deserted the British army, and settled in Harford County. Their children are, George Thompson, William Sprigg, Robert Wells, and Thomas Bacon Frieze. Colonel Frieze is a man of medium stature, unassuming manners, modest deportment, and pleasing address. He has accu- mulated considerable wealth, and wears his good fortune and honors with an easy grace. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. | JosErpH BLYTH, Attorney-at-law, was Gy) 2 born in Georgetown, South Carolina, February f “° 8, 1833. He was the eldest son of Joseph i Waties Allston, planter, an officer in the war of w, 1812, and a gentleman of decided influence in his State. Mr. Allston’s grandfather was Benjamin All- ston, also a planter of South Carolina. The Allstons were of English descent. Their ancestors in America settled in South Carolina in the early part of the eighteenth century. Mr. Allston’s mother was Mary Kerr Allan, daughter of William Allan and Sarah (Haig) Allan. Mr. Allan was a native of Scotland, and settled in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1790, where he engaged in mercantile pur- suits. The early youth of the subject of this sketch was spent on Waccamaw Neck, Georgetown County, South Carolina, where he attended the All Saints’ Academy. At the age of fourteen years he went to Charleston, and af- terwards attended a school then known as Mr. Coates’s Academy. After remaining there two years, he entered the South Carolina College, at Columbia, South Carolina, where he graduated in 1851, taking high honors. He then commenced reading law in the office of Petigru & Lesesne, at Charleston, and was admitted to the bar at Columbia, in the spring of 1854. After graduating he made a tour of Europe, which extended over a period of two years, and on his return established himself in the practice of his profession in Charleston. In 1859 he removed to his native county to assume charge of his property, and there and in the adjacent county of Horry, he continued his legal practice. When the American civil war broke out, Mr.* Allston raised a company in Georgetown County for service in the Confederate cause, which he commanded. Subsequently he was appointed, upon the recommendation of Lieutenant-General Pemberton, as Captain of Com- pany B, First Battalion of Sharpshooters. Whilst in command of the same, he participated in the battle of Poco- taligo, where he received two wounds. He rendered service on Combahee, James Island, Georgetown, and in the defence of Fort Sumter, under Major Elliott. In the spring of 1864 he accompanied the South Carolina forces to Virginia, which were placed under the command of General Beauregard. He was engaged in the battles of Walthall Junction Creek, near Petersburg, and Drury’s Bluff, in which latter engagement he was severely wounded, being incapacitated for military duty, and sent home until December of that year. On his return from South Caro- lina he met his command under orders for Wilmington, North Carolina, to meet General Benjamin Butler, and was engaged in the different actions which occurred there, until he was finally captured at Town Creek, on Cape Fear River, February 20, 1865, whilst covering the rear of his brigade, and in command of his regiment. He was recommended by his commanding generals for promotion to the Colonelcy of the regiment. He was incarcerated in the Old Capitol Prison at Washington, and at Fort Dela- MSV SSG MA BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ware, remaining in captivity until the close of hostilities. On his return to South Carolina he resumed the practice of his profession in Georgetown, and was elected by the State Legislature, District Judge for his county. He re- signed that position in 1867, and removed to Baltimore on account of the Reconstruction Act of Congress, where he has been practicing his profession ever since. He gives special attention to chancery and admiralty practice, and commercial law, and has tried many interesting cases. Mr. Allston married, in 1857, Miss Mary C. North, daughter of John North and Jane (Petigru) North. The issue of the marriage was five children, four of whom are living. Mr. Allston is a grandnephew of the celebrated painter, Wash- ington Allston. He is an excellent lawyer and a gentle- man of general intelligence. He stands high among his professional brethren and in the esteem of the community. Ws. Lewis, was born in Baltimore, June 15, J < 1810. His parents were William and Elizabeth f (Huber) Turner, both of Baltimore. William i Turner’s father and brother came to Baltimore from England about the year 1795. Lewis’s maternal ancestors were German. His parents had five ehildren, namely, Maria, Lewis, Charles (a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church), George W., and Elizabeth, of whom the subject of this sketeh is the only survivor. Lewis’s mother died when he was eight years of age, and his father eight years afterward. In the meantime his father married again, leaving no issue by that union. Be- coming dissatisfied with his stepmother, Lewis went to his aunt, Julia Ann Beard, and made his home with her. She being very poor, he obtained employment at fruit-picking and other services in the suburbs of the city. The limited early education he received was mainly acquired in the Sunday-schools. At eleven years of age he entered the service of Major George Keyser, who, with his brother William, kept a china and queensware store on Howard Street, with whom he remained three years. He then de- termined to learn a trade, and in pursuance of that pur- pose apprenticed himself to a Mr. Woodward, a boot and shoemaker. He continued at that business for three years and a half, becoming in that time very expert, and giving promise of unusual excellence, but his health beginning to fail he was compelled to abandon the shoemaker’s bench and seek other employment. He selected the butchering business, and served an apprenticeship of three years and a half with Mr. Frederick Neibling. Having become thoroughly competent, he left Baltimore, July 4, 1831, with a friend, for Lancaster, Ohio, whose mother lived in that town. Together they commenced the butchering business with highly favorable prospects, but they were both taken sick, when Mr. Turner returned to Baltimore and com- menced the same line of business in that city, March 1, 1832. 393 On May 3 following he married Margaret, daughter of Captain Dominick Bader, of the German Yagers, who with others was captured at Bladensburg in the war of 1812-15. Her maternal grandfather was a Methodist local preacher. Her ancestors were among the early settlers of Pennsyl- vania. They have had nine children, all of whom but one are living and comfortably settled in the world. In 1835 Mr. Turner became a member of Whatcoat Methodist Episcopal Church in Baltimore, his wife being a member at the time. For many years he was » teacher in its Sun- day-school. More recently they have transferred their membership to Mount Vernon Church, on Monument Square. His son, Lewis, Jr., coming of age, Mr. Turner transferred the butchering business to him, May 5, 1857, who has since that period conducted it very success- fully. In 1856 Mr. Turner accepted the Presidency of the Baltimore Butchers’ Hide, Tallow, and Cattle Associa-~ tion, being a position of great pecuniary responsibility and intricate labor. This trust he held for ten years, resign- ing in 1866, and subsequently, unsolicited, was appointed by Governor Oden Bowie to the office of State Weigher of Live Stock. The Governor desired to make Baltimore the great Southern Cattle Market, and he tendered this position to Mr. Turner on account of his well-accredited practical knowledge of cattle and the cattle trade. The im- provements he made in the stock-yards, and his satisfac- tory administration of the office, have been greatly appre- ciated by the large community engaged in this branch of trade. Mr. Turner was also the founder and President (for six years) of the Butchers’ Loan and Annuity Asso- ciation, being still in successful operation, also Director for many years and Vice-President of the Baltimore City Loan and Annuity Association (formerly Real Estate and Savings Bank). He has dealt largely in real estate and been very successful in such transactions. Several years ago he retired from active business. Mr. Turner’s chil- dren are William, who married Mary Elizabeth Clark; Lewis (his father’s successor In the butchering business), married Emma Lawson; Louisa, married, first Francis W. Hoover, second, Dr. Adam I. Gosman, druggist ; Isabella, married William W. Stinchcomb, hide dealer, George- town, District of Columbia; Laura Vinton, married James Albert Nicholson, butcher; Margaret Bryson, married John N. Matthews, grocer; Francis Virginia, married Morris A. Thomas, banker; and Kate Lipscomb, married Joseph D, K. Horner, merchant. Mr. Turner’s first child, George W., died at the age of six years. ena-> 5 YON, ANDREW, Merchant and Farmer, is of Scotch- 5) Irish descent. His great-grandfather settled on the ee” Susquehanna River, in Cecil County, Maryland, “Yearly in the eighteenth century and engaged in farm- ing. Here his grandfather, Hugh Lyon, was born, and from his birth until his death resided, following the = 304 same vocation. He married Margaret Sterrett, and had five sons and three daughters. His son James married Maria, daughter of Captain Thomas Taylor, of Principio, Cecil County, and had two children, named William and Lydia; John married Elizabeth, daughter of Abraham Knight, of Havre de Grace, Harford County, and had one child, who died young ; Margaret Sterrett married Benja- min Vandivier, of Port Deposit, and had children; George Taylor, merchant at Havre de Grace, married a daughter of William and Eliza Pennington, of Havre de Grace, and has children. Andrew, the subject of this sketch, was born October 29, 1798, and married in 1828, Sarah Bayard, of Havre de Grace. Andrew Lyon’s son, Oliver T., married Lydia DuPon, daughter of Dr. DuPon, of Georgia. She was descended from the French Huguenots. They have three sons. Oliver resides in Sherman, Grason County, Texas, and is extensively engaged in the lumber business. John B., another son, is farming the home place, and Leander G. is a merchant at Port Deposit. Mr. Lyon’s daughters are Rachel, Susanna, Lucy E., and Alice Mary. The latter married William Reckefus, of Elkton, and has one child, Charles Haines Reckefus. Mr. Lyon spent his early life on the farm and performed all kinds of work pertaining thereto. He attended school during the winter months only, as was the custom of farmers’ sons at that day. His educational advantages were therefore not very great; but being ambitious to excel in whatever he under- took, he made the most of his opportunities. While thus engaged on the farm he manifested a disposition for trad- ing and business enterprises, and employed his leisure in buying and selling such commodities as he found profit- able to trade in in his immediate vicinity. When about twenty-two years of age he embarked in fishing, then an extensive and lucrative business on the Susquehanna River. This, his first business venture, netted him five hundred dollars profit, which he afterward invested in mer- chandising, with John Brown, at the upper end of Port Deposit, known as Rock Run, under the firm name of Brown & Lyon. After the death of Mr. Brown, Mr. Lyon took Hugh Steel into partnership, and the firm became Lyon & Steel. Subsequently Mr. Steel withdrew, and was succeeded by John Lumsden, and the firm name became Lyon & Lumsden. They continued in business together for a number of years, and then sold out to John Lyon and John Van Nort. During all these changes Mr. Lyon was the head of the mercantile house and conducted a large and prosperous business, maintaining an unshaken credit at home and in the cities where they purchased their sup- plies. Previous to Lyon & Lumsden retiring from busi- ness at Rock Run, they in connection with John B. Yarnall and John R. Bayard, under the style of Lyon, Bayard & Co., opened a store at Havre de Grace, which they conducted successfully until Mr. Lumsden withdrew to engage in business in Baltimore, and was succeeded by George Taylor, the firm name being changed to A. Lyon BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. & Co. The death of Mr. Bayard necessitated another change, and John Thompson Frieze became a member of the firm, under the title of Lyon, Brother & Co. Subse- quently, the death of Mr. Yarnall” changed the style of the frm to A. & G. T. Lyon & Co., under which they have continued the business until the present time; Mr. Lyon here, as at Port Deposit, being the head and managing director of the several firms, doing the largest and most profitable mercantile business of any house in Havre de Grace, maintaining all the time, during the several panics and disasters that the country has experienced in those years, undoubted standing in business circles. In 1837 they built their first warehouse, and in 1863, finding that increasing business demanded enlarged accommodations, they erected the commodious storehouse building which they have ever since occupied. In addition to his other enterprises, Mr. Lyon engaged again in fishing, about 1849, and for five or six years prosecuted that business quite extensively and profitably. Mr. Lyon has from his birth resided on the same tract of land on which: his fathers for three generations preceding him lived and died. He has given to his farming operations such atten- tion as to yield him handsome returns, at the same time enriching himself by merchandising. His wealth has not been acquired by a griping penuriousness ; but, on the con- trary, he has been noted for liberality to his family and leniency to those indebted to him. Educated in the faith of his fathers, he is identified with the Presbyterian Church, but is liberal to other orthodox denominations. Being of a retiring disposition and devoted to his business, he has never accepted office, except the Judgeship of the Orphans’ Court of his county, a position for which he was eminently qualified, and which he filled with credit to himself and advantage to others. Indeed it may be said that no judge of that court ever guarded more carefully the interests of the widows and orphans. As an evidence of the estima- tion in which Judge Lyon is held as a man of sound judg- ment in financial matters, he has been annually elected a Director in the Cecil Bank and the Cecil National Bank, from the organization of those institutions until the present time. The writer of this sketch sat at the board with him for several years and remembers that in doubtful cases Mr. Lyon’s opinions always carried weight. His counsel and advice are much sought both in Cecil and Harford counties. Mr. Lyon’s father served in the war of 1812. In the late civil war Mr. Lyon was an unconditional Union man, and gave his son Oliver, then but nineteen years of age, to the army, who served during the war, and was pro- moted from a private to the rank of First Lieutenant in Colonel Rogers’s regiment. Mr. Lyon was orphaned in early life, and the estate of his father being financially in- volved for all or more than its value, Mr. Lyon, by his own efforts, paid off the debt and thereby succeeded in retain- ing the old homestead and kept the family at home. The estate has been kept in the family for nearly two hundred BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. years, with every prospect of descending to his posterity for several generations. Judge Lyon is tall, of athletic frame, of good physique and strong constitution. Though now over fourscore years of age, he is very active, almost daily travelling back and forth from his home in Cecil County to his place of business in Havre de Grace, and bids fair for years of usefulness yet to come. De JouN J., was born in Baltimore, Mary- A: land, August 13, 1851. His parents were ee James and Ann (Larkin) Mahon. They both came from Ireland to Baltimore about the year 1840, and were married in this country. The subject of this sketch attended the St. Vincent School on Front Street, Baltimore, for seven years, and St. Francis College, at Laretta, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, for three years. Graduating in 1865, he entered the printing office of Mr. Sherwood, in Baltimore, and served an ap- prenticeship of six years, but before the expiration of that time, he became actively engaged in politics, to which he finally devoted himself entirely. In 1873 he was ap- pointed finder in the State Tobacco Warehouse, but the- same year he was elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the Second Branch of the City Council, and resigned the former posi- tion. He was re-elected in 1874, but before the expira- tion of his term of office, was tendered a position as private messenger to Mayor Kane, which he accepted. On the election of Mayor Latrobe, he handed in his resig- nation, which was declined till the first of the following month. In the canvass for city officers in the fall of 1878, he was nominated without opposition by the Ninth Ward to a seat in the First Branch of the City Council, and was elected by eleven hundred and nineteen votes, while his opponent received but ninety-six. He is the youngest member who has ever taken a seat in the Municipal Legis- lature. He is a member of the Democtatic party, and is a successful leader in politics, for which he has a natural taste. Mr. Mahon isa member of the Catholic Church. He was married, May 6, 1869, to Mary E., daughter of Owen Ward, at that time a member of the City Council, and has three children living, Mary, Maggie, and John. DE om a’ WILLIAM SuRLES, D.D.S., son of ) » s! ce John and Elizabeth McDowell, was born in the e ' city of Philadelphia, June 22, 1822. He is of Scotch-Irish descent, and his ancestors came to this country in the middle of the last century, in order that they might enjoy that religious freedom which they were denied at home. James P. McDowell, his 305 grandfather, settled in Pennsylvania, and during the Rev- olutionary war was in command of a chosen company of Scotchmen, known as the “ Scottish Grenadiers.”” At the battle of Germantown, while doing skirmish duty, they were separated from the main body of the army, and their retreat cut off by the British troops. Resolving not to be captured, they carved their way through the enemy’s lines with their heavy claymores, carrying their wounded with them, and leaving none but dead comrades on the field. In this engagement, Captain McDowell was wounded so seriously that he was compelled to retire from active ser- vice, and settled in Philadelphia, where he devoted himself to mercantile life. His son, John McDowell, entered the United States Navy early in life, and during the war of 1812-15, held commission as Commander, and rendered his country good service until his capture and confinement in Dartmoor prison, England. At the close of the war he was released and returned to Philadelphia, and in 1820 he married Miss Elizabeth McGee, of Philadelphia. Owing to business misfortunes, his eldest son, the subject of this sketch, was early thrown upon his own resources, and being thus debarred from the usual school privileges, he assiduously devoted all of his leisure time to the acquisitition of knowledge, and by his own efforts, while yet a boy, secured a proper English and the elements of a classical education. Being desirous of entering the dental profession, he took a preparatory course in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, in 1840, under the preceptor- ship of Professor Patterson. Upon the completion of his studies, he commenced the practice of dentistry in his native city, associating himself with Dr. Charles Corfield. In June, 1850, he married Miss Elizabeth Edenborn, daughter of Philip Edenborn, of Philadelphia, and grand- daughter of the Hon. Jacob Edenborn. The same year he removed to New York, and in the latter part of 1853, owing to the ill-health of -his wife, he was compelled to seek a climate more congenial to her, and removed to Bal- timore. Here he associated himself with the late Dr. C. O. Cone, and continued to assist him until the death of the latter in 1858, when he succeeded to the practice, which has largely increased in his hands. His marked abilities have made for him a most enviable reputation, and have won for him the respect and esteem of his contemporaries, while his social qualities have gained for him many friends. His two sons, Charles C. and William J. McDowell, are prominent physicians in the same city. , N YSON, Hon. H. H., Member of the House of Ji Delegates, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- ap vania, December 6, 1845. He is the only son of Joseph W. and M. Louisa (Hewlings) Tyson. His father was a lawyer.and a man of great prominence, holding in the course of his life many important positions. 306 He was for several terms a Representative in the Penn- sylvania Legislature, was Commissary-General, also Assist- ant Postmaster-General under President Tyler. He was at the head of his profession, and declined further office because he could not afford it. He removed to Howard County, Maryland, about 1848. Mr. Tyson was educated at St. Timothy’s Hall; a classical school near Baltimore, till he was fifteen years old. Before he was sixteen he left home and joined the Confederate Navy ; going to Rich- mond he was appointed Acting Midshipman by President Davis, and entered the service on the Potomac, first on the steamer Richmond, whose former name was George Page. He remained on this steamer till the army evacuated the line of the Potomac, and was her Captain for some weeks before she was destroyed to prevent her capture. He then went to Mobile and served on the steamer Morgan for two years, and returned to the James River in the fall of 1864 to be examined for promotion. He spent the winter on the school ship, and in the spring and summer of 1865 was on the James River as Past Midshipman on the ironclad Richmond. He remained on the ironclad till she was de- stroyed at the time of the evacuation of Richmond. Then the fleet was turned into the Summer Brigade, and went to Danville, Virginia, where he acted as a Lieutenant of infantry, and was then transferred to artillery and given command of three pieces. He reported to Johnson at Greensboro, North Carolina, and was paroled, the war having closed. He was then less than twenty years old. He made two visits to Europe to recover his health, which had been shattered by pneumonia and Southern fever. In 1870 he returned home and settled down upon a farm in Howard County, where he still resides. In 1874 he first became active in politics, and in 1877 was elected to the Legislature of Maryland for two years from January, 1878. He was married in 1874 to Miss Julia C. Tyler, of Alabama, grand-daughter of President Tyler, and has two children, Louise and Allan. OA L5) WEWeEALEY, Maurice Axoystus, President of the De Pennsylvania Railroad in Maryland, Mayor of cower Cumberland City, and late Auditor of the Circuit Ds Court of Alleghany County, was born August 4, p 1842, at Cumberland City, Maryland. He was the third son of Dr. Thomas A. and Emily C. (Hoffman) Healey of that city. His father was an eminent physician, enjoying a large practice, and standing at the head of his profession. He died in that city in 1871. His mother and his mother’s mother, a lady of seventy-nine years, and a sister, compose his family. JIlis grandfather on his mother’s side, Major Frederick Hoffman, was an officer in the war of 1812. His grandfather, Michael Healey, was a large farmer and distiller in Ireland. He came to Amer- ica in 1818, and settled in Baltimore, afterwards removing BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to Cumberland, taking a large contract on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and died shortly after its completion, at the age of seventy-six. He was a man of high character and wide influence, and universally respected; of great force and energy, and at one time wealthy. His mother’s grandfather, Dennis Claude Lieutand, was one of the largest sugar and coffee planters on the Island of San Domingo previous to the insurrection. He owned seven large plantations, and over fifteen hundred slaves. With his family he was driven from the island at the time of the massacre, and they succeeded in making their escape, with their jewels and part of their money, on the ship called the “Ten Millions,” by reason of the fact that it sailed from the island with its wealthiest residents on board, and loaded with their treasures to that amount. The captain of the vessel during the voyage turned pirate, made pris- oners of his passengers, and landed them penniless on the coast of Florida. After peace was supposed to have been restored, Mr. Lieutand returned to San Domingo to take possession of his property, supposing he would be allowed to remain. After he had been there three or four days, the massacre was resumed. His faithful servants warned him of it, and hid him in the chimney of one of their houses, where he was compelled to remain forty-eight hours. From his place of concealment he witnessed the sickening and horrible sight of the butchery in cold blood of all his relatives, except his own immediate family. He was a man then under forty years of age, of jet black hair, and it is said that during his concealment his hair became per- manently white. He finally escaped at night by being carried ina chest toa United States vessel by two of his old servants, and made his way to Baltimore with some means ; for although when he made his first escape he was unable to take all his plate and money with him, on re- turning to the island he was rejoiced and surprised to find that his house had not been burned, and that his faithful servants had prevented its being sacked. When warned of the second massacre, he and two servants spent the night in secreting the plate and money, some of which he brought away with him. He died in Baltimore a year or two after reaching that city. Mr. Maurice A. Healey was educated in the best schools of Cumberland, delicate health preventing a full collegiate course. He commenced the study of the law with Thomas De Vecmon, Esq., January, 1861. In August of the same year, his sympathies being with the South, and the sentiment of his town being over- whelmingly loyal, he was obliged to leave, and went to Virginia, crossing the Potomac by wading it at night at Patterson’s Creek, in company with several others. He went to Winchester, and: joined the heavy artillery com- pany under Captain William Baird. Shortly afterwards, in December, 1861, he joined the regular army, in the West Augusta Artillery, under General “ Stonewall”’ Jackson, and was in that battery in the battle of Kernstown and in several smaller engagements. In March the battalion was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. turned into infantry as Company L of the Fifth Regiment of the Stonewall Brigade. He was in that regiment with Jackson through the Valley campaign, when on account of physical inability, and his term of service having expired, he was honorably discharged, and went to Richmond for six weeks; after which, having recruited in health, he re- enlisted for the war under General William E. Jones, in Company F, of the Seventh Virginia Cavalry, afterwards des- ignated by General Lee in a special order, as ‘“ The Laurel Brigade of the Army of Northern Virginia.’ This was in 1862. He served with that brigade till July, 1864, when he was appointed Assistant Engineer to Colonel John A. Hay- don, Chief Engineer of General Beauregard’s army, and served in that capacity until the close of hostilities, when he was paroled at Newberry Court-house, South Caro- lina, and sent to New York by the Government on the steamer Fulton. He was the seventh man pardoned by Andrew Johnson. His whole family were in the Southern army; his father was a surgeon, and his brother, now Dr. Thomas M. Healey, of Washington, was Captain of Engi- neers on the staff of General Joseph E. Johnson. His brother Frederick was in the cavalry service under General Beddeford Forrest. He returned to Cumberland with his father on Christmas day, 1865, penniless. They rented a room, and gradually acquired a little means. After a time they gathered about them the other members of the family, who had been scattered through the South. Young Mr. Healey resumed his legal studies in 1866, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1867. In 1868 he was appointed Au- ditor of the Court, which he held till January, 1878, when he resigned. In 1876 he organized a company for the purpose of building a railroad from Cumberland to the State of Pennsylvania, there to connect with the Bedford division of the Pennsylvania road, for the purpose of intro- ducing that road as a competitor of the Baltimore and Ohio road. For this enterprise he secured the aid of the city of Cumberland to the amount of sixty-five thousand dollars, and procured confirmatory acts from the Legislature. He was elected to the City Council in May, 1877, and made President of that body. He is unmarried, is a Democrat, and in religion is a Roman Catholic. eye i WROFFMAN, Joun, Merchant, was the eldest son and y Wy @ second child of Daniel and Mary (Schrote) > At twenty-one years of age he with David White- ford, the husband of his elder sister Elizabeth, were admitted as partners to the old-established grocery business of his father. The firm was known in later years as that of Daniel Hoffman & Company. Mr. Hoff- man was marned in 1819 to Margaret Ann, daughter of Captain John Peterson, who established the first line of Hoffman, and was born in Baltimore in 1796. 307 packet ships between Baltimore and Richmond, Virginia, before the introduction of steamboats on Chesapeake Bay. They had twelve children, six sons and six daugh- ters. Mr. Hoffman was successful in business, and happy and highly respected in life. He died suddenly in 1846 in the fiftieth year of his age. In 1862 his second son, John, made the purchase of a farm in St. Mary’s County, and was proceeding down the bay at night in a schooner to pay for it, when the schooner was run down by a Brazilian man-of-war, and sank at once. Mr. Hoffman and a colored woman on board were drowned. He is supposed to have been in the cabin of the vessel. Eight months afterward his body was washed ashore on Kent Island in a wonderful state of preservation, appearing as perfect as though life had just departed. He lefta widow and two children, William and Alice. The remaining eleven children of the elder John Hoffman are yet living ; the eldest is Dr. Daniel P., following whom are David and Eliza, twins, Emily, Laura, Mary, Louisa, Henry, Adeline, William and George. SWop:ROWNE, Rev. Nicuoras MANLY, third son of B Hugh and Eliza (Manly) Browne, was born in North-East, Cecil County, Maryland, September fo 16, 1837. His father was born near Belfast, County Down, Ireland, in 1784. When he was seven years of age he came with his parents to America. They landed at New Castle, Delaware, and started at once for the West, intending to make Ohio their future home. Arriving at Battle Swamp, Cecil County, Maryland, the severe illness of one of the family compelled them to stop, and after remaining a week or two, they decided to settle in that place. His father died soon after, and the care of the family soon came to devolve in large measure upon Hugh, he being the eldest son. This early responsibility doubtless had great influence in de- veloping those traits of character that made him remark- able through life, and an object of such affectionate regard by all his family and descendants.. He appren- ticed himself at the age of twenty-one to learn a me- chanical trade, and served three years, after which he commenced business for himself. By untiring industry and economy, in a few years he accumulated a compe- tency, the income from which gave him a comfortable support during the remainder of his life. He retired from business at the age of fifty. He served in the war of 1812; the principal service he rendered was in the defence of Baltimore. The captain of the company to which he belonged failed to make a proper return of the register of the company, in consequence of which his name, with those of his comrades in arms, cannot be found among the military records of that period. He 308 was for many years a vestryman of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in the parish where he lived. He died at the age of eighty-one years, and was buried by the Order of A. F,and A.M., of which fraternity he had been a member of long standing. His son Nicholas, the subject of this sketch, bears the name of his maternal parentage, his mother’s maiden name being Manly, and a member of her family, named Nicholas, was a clergy- man of prominence in the earlier settlement of the country. He received the benefit of the best schools near his home, and for a time the instruction of a private tutor. He possessed a strong natural inclination for mercantile pursuits, and engaged a short time as a clerk with the leading merchant of the town where he lived. At the age of sixteen he became impressed with the truth that religion is the only real basis and groundwork of usefulness, and connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was remarked even at this early age for the justness of his dealings, and as being inflexibly true to-his word, pru- dent in his conduct, and courteous in his deportment. Without expressing himself decidedly, his father yet strongly intimated his desire that he should make the study and practice of medicine the business of his life. But his son was already considering the duty of a higher calling, and after long and careful reflection, determined to give himself to the work of the Christian ministry. In 1856, in company with the Rev. R. Laird Collier, now an emi- nent minister of the Unitarian Church, he entered the only Theological seminary of his denomination at that time, at Concord, New Hampshire, and remained three At the end of the second year he had completed the three years’ course in Hebrew; this enabled him to improve the last year in general reading, preparatory to his entrance into the ministry. He graduated in the class of 1859, being then twenty-one years of age. Immediately upon his return home, he was assigned to the charge of a church at Holmesburg, Pennsylvania, where he remained until the session of the Philadelphia Conference, into which body he was received as a member on trial. At that session he was appointed as pastor of a church in Morrisville, Pennsylvania, where he continued during the years 1860-61. The next year he was assigned as junior pastor on Millington Circuit; in 1863 to Easton, Mary- land, in 1864 to Centreville, and in 1865 to Chestertown in the same State. While at Chestertown he was married, January 8, 1866, to Miss Clintonio C. Cook, the youngest daughter of Honorable Clinton Cook, who was a promi- nent member of the bar inthattown. The three following years Mr. Browne spent on Kent Island as pastor of the church of his denomination. He was then appointed toa charge in Dorchester County, Maryland, where he also spent three years, and was placed in charge of the church at Salisbury. At the session of the Wilmington Conference in 1875, Bishop Janes, the senior Bishop of the Church, appointed him Presiding Elder of the Salisbury District. years. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. His first report of Church work, made to the Conference, received from Bishops Scott and Ames the highest compli- ments. His power to judge of the fitness of men for the places best adapted to their peculiar qualifications has se- cured for his department some of the best talent of the Conference. Mr. Browne has been an active worker in the Temperance cause. While he has not allowed his judg- ment -to be influenced by impracticable schemes for the furtherance of the movement, he does not hesitate to avow himself a radical in abating what he conceives to be the greatest curse of the age. He has always voted with the Democratic party, but is a Conservative in politics, and re- serves the right to choose from either side the men to whom he gives his suffrage ; openly declaring his purpose never to vote for any man who encourages or is addicted to the use of intoxicating drinks. Mr. Browne is large-hearted and liberal in the use of his private means; his character and administrative ability are of a high order, and his tal- ents as a preacher and his influence as an earnest and con- scientious church officer are greatly esteemed in his denom- ination. He has one child, Hugh Cook Browne, now in his twelfth year. the second son and youngest child of Joseph H. ; and Hannah (Spencer) Lewis. His father came oe from Cecil County. The ancestors of the family, who were of Welsh origin, resided in that county and in New Jersey for several generations. His father lost his parents in early childhood and was brought up by his relatives. Dr. Lewis was educated at the Oakland School, in Harford County, which he attended till he was sixteen years of age, when he commenced to learn dentistry, having decided to make that his profession, entering for that .purpose the office of Dr. Hoops, on Eutaw Street, Baltimore. After five years of thorough and careful study and preparation he graduated at the Baltimore Dental College in 1873. His proficiency and attainments were held in such high esteem by the faculty of the college that he was chosen the following year as Assistant Demonstrator to the classes, in which position he gave great satisfaction, and his ser- vices were highly appreciated; but finding that it required more of his time than he could spare, he resigned after one year. Dr. Lewis settled on Green Street, where he soon built up a good practice, which is steadily increasing. He is a member of the Alumni of the Baltimore Dental Col- lege. He devotes himself exclusively to his profession, and as he is yet a young man, his professional career prom- ises to be one of great success. He is a member of the Fifth Maryland National Guards. His father and mother, WcEWIS, FRANK SpENcER, D.D.S., was born in Har- 5 ob ford County, Maryland, October 29, 1852, being BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. who still reside in Harford County, are members of the Society of Friends, and Dr. Lewis loves the faith of his fathers. On December 13, 1877, he was united in mar- riage with Addie, daughter of Prof. A. J. and Mrs. E, L. Schad, of Baltimore. Prof. Schad is of German descent, and is a professor and a well-known composer of music. His wife is descended from the St. Leonard family of England. — Isaac S., President of Traders’ National GC Bank, Baltimore, was born in Baltimore, July 9, 1818. His father, the late James B. George, was i born in Baltimore County, near Govanstown, in 1794. In early life James B. learned the art of shoemaking. He took an active part in the war of 1812, and particularly in the defence of Baltimore, having been stationed at Fort McHenry during the memorable bombardment of 1814. He was an active member of the Old Defenders’ Associa- tion until his death, February 1, 1869. In 1852 he repre- sented the city in the State Legislature as a temperance man. In his general bearing he was most unpretending. He was possessed of a high degree of natural ability, marked firmness, and a general suavity of manners, which endeared him to all. His personal popularity was unbounded, being the outgrowth of inflexible integrity, combined with uni- versal philanthropy, giving him a strong hold upon public confidence, and causing him to be called upon to fill many positions of honor and trust. He was a great admirer of Masonic rites, and acknowledged to be one of the brightest workmen of that honored order. He was of French de- scent, his ancestors being Huguenots, who were forced to leave their homes on account of religious persecution. They came to America in the early part of the year 1700. The Georges of Revolutionary times took an active part in the struggle for liberty, and were prominent in the battle of Brandywine. The name was originally spelled Georgia, which orthography was not abandoned until Mr. George had nearly reached maturity, his old indentures of appren- ticeship having been thus spelled. Mr. Isaac S. George’s maternal ancestry were Scotch-Irish, strongly wedded to the Calvinistic faith, and were members of the old Second Presbyterian Church, under the pastorate of Dr. Glendy. His mother, Mary Ellen Stewart, was born in Glasgo, Ireland, in 1800, and was brought to this country by her parents when but one year old. The parents of Mr. George occupying a very humble position, and being compelled to struggle through adverse circumstances, were unable to bestow upon him such an education as they desired. Leav- ing school at the age of thirteen years, he went to work with his father at the shoemaking business. At this he continued until 1841, when he commenced a small shoe 40 309 store on his own account at No. 76 Centre Market Space. There, by close attention, hard labor, rigid economy, and perseverance, he succeeded in building up a profitable trade. In 1867 he was compelled, through chronic afflic- tion, to withdraw from active business. In 1864 his son, I. Brown George, being then of age, Mr. George estab- lished the house of Isaac S. George & Son at No. 252 Bal- timore Street, soon after which he erected the iron-front building northeast corner of Baltimore and Liberty streets, into which the firm moved and successfully conducted the business until 1875, when the senior partner retired, leaving the business in charge of his son, who still con- ducts the commission boot, shoe, and rubber trade at the same place, occupying the entire building. Mr. George has pursued an upright course through life, and has therefore won the confidence of the public. His likes and dislikes are very strong, and he maintains his opinions with tenacity. His course in general has been marked by conservatism. In early manhood he took much interest in attending lyceums, meanwhile never claiming any literary taste or distinction. He was one of the founders of the ‘“ Murray Institute,’ first presided over by Rev. Dr. James Shrigley, an institution which reflected marked social influence, and as a Debating Society became exceedingly popular. Being strictly a man of business and giving close attention thereto, he found no time for mental improvement. For books he had no relish; “nature,” as he has said, “never designing him for a student, had so perverted his taste as to cause an aversion to reading or study; thereby throwing him altogether upon his powers of observation for the practical knowledge he possesses.”” Through such agencies as force and sagacity he has worked his way through life, and made for himself a pathway leading to popular indorsement, the evidences of which rest in the many prominent positions, public and private, which he has occupied. He has always mani- fested an unwavering loyalty to the General Government. On reaching his majority, he became identified with the Whig party, because of his profound love for Henry Clay, and he acted with that party until its practical dissolution on the death of that statesman. When the Know-Nothing movement was inaugurated, Mr. George arrayed himself against it; becoming prominent in the Reform movement, which sought to stay its tendencies. He was nominated as one of the candidates of the Reform party for the Legislature. Being defeated at the election, he, with his colleagues, contested their right to seats in that body, but without success. Subsequently, as a choice of evils, he supported Mr. Breckinridge for the Presidency. Under Mayor Brown, he was a member of the Water Board, recognized as one of the most important commissions under the city government. At the breaking out of the war of 1861, Mr. George identified himself with the Con- servative Democrats, supporting the Government as an entirety, and maintaining loyalty thereto. While denying 310 the right of secession, he was, nevertheless, in strong sympathy with his Southern brethren. Centring his hopes in the Conservative party, he was honored with the nomi- nation for State Senator, on the ticket headed by General McClellan for President of the United States. After the close of the war, when the freedom of the ballot was once more accorded to Maryland, he was selected to represent Baltimore in the Constitutional Convention of 1867; after which he was chosen by the Sixth Ward to represent it in the First Branch of the City Council, and was made Chair- man of the Committee on Ways and Means. For many years he took an active part in the management of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts. After serving two years as its President, he declined a re-election. In 1868 he was elected President of the Atlantic Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and held the position until it was manifest that underwriting was not profitable to that company; when, at his suggestion, the company went into voluntary liquidation, discharging in full all its obligations. In 1872 he was appointed by Mayor Vansant one of the Visitors of Baltimore City Jail, which he held for six years, being President of the Board the last two years. He has been for many years an active Director in the Associated Firemen’s Insurance Company. In 1874 he was elected President of the Traders’ National Bank, which position he still fills. Asa business man, Mr. George has contributed his share to the development and prosperity of his native city; and he still maintains a deep interest in all measures appertaining to its welfare. His religious views are of the most liberal type. In his early youth he was reared in the faith and modes of wor- ship of the Methodist Episcopal Church; but, following the lead of his father, he became interested in Univer- salism, and for several years was identified with its up- building and extension in Baltimore. In later years, though not a member of the Church, he has returned to the forms of service in which he was first educated. He is now a regular attendant at Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. At the same time, he never permits his mind to be warped by any theological dogmas; ac- cepting only such as accord with his own judgment of God’s infinite goodness. Being a firm believer in immor- tality, and recognizing a Divine Providence, he relies to the fullest extent on God’s mercy, which must in the ful- ness of time culminate in the salvation of the whole human family. Mr. George married Miss Elizabeth A. Mann. a daughter of the late William Mann, a native of England. Miss Mann was born in Halifax, while her parents were en route for this country. They have had eleven children, six only of whom are living. The position which Mr. George occupies in life has been attained by indefatigable industry, unusual perseverance, undaunted courage, and strict integrity, elements of character which, if combined in one man, serve to fit him in an eminent de- gree to be a prominent and useful citizen. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. y> ACA, WILLIAM, was born, October 31, 1740, at 3 a5 Wye Hall, in Harford County, Maryland. He eee was the second son of John Paca. He received t a liberal education and, was graduated Bachelor of Arts, June 8, 1759, at the college at Philadel- phia, during the administration of Rev. William Smith, D.D. He adopted the profession of law, studied in the office of Stephen Bordley, in Annapolis, and was admitted to the bar, April 11, 1764. At an early period of his life he served in the Legislature of Maryland, and became noted for his ability and patriotic devotion to the rights of his fellow-citizens. By the Maryland Convention, held in Annapolis from the 22d to the 25th day of June, 1774, he was appointed one of the deputies to attend the Continental Congress, and served by successive appointments until 1778. He was appointed by the Convention of Maryland, held in Annapolis from the 8th to the 12th day of Decem- ber, 1774, one of the Committee of Correspondence of the Province of Maryland, and also was made one of the “‘ Coun- cil of Safety’’ by the Convention held in Annapolis from July 26 to August 14,1775. On August 2, 1776, he affixed his signature to the Declaration of Independence. On Au- gust 17, 1776, he was elected one of the committee “to pre- pare a declaration and charter of rights and a form of gov- ernment for Maryland;” and was an active and leading member of the Convention which formed the first Constitu- tion of the State of Maryland. Upon the organization of the government of the State, he was elected to the first Senate of Maryland. On March 9, 1778, he was appointed Chief Judge of the General Court of Maryland, and flled that position until his successor, Robert Hanson Harrison, was appointed, March 10, 1781. Subsequently, he was ap- pointed by the Continental Congress Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals and Admiralty. On November 15, 1782, he was elected the third Governor of the State of Maryland, and succeeded Thomas Sim Lee. In 1784 he was elected Vice-President of the Society of the Cincinnati. During his gubernatorial term, he evinced much interest in the cause of religion and education, and was, in an especial manner, the friend and fostering patron of Washington College at Chestertown. He was a member of the Maryland Con- vention that ratified, April 28, 1788, the Constitution of the United States. On December 22, 1789, he was ap- pointed by President Washington Judge of the United States Court of the District of Maryland, and served in that position until his death in 1799. He married twice. His first wife was Mary Chew, of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, the third daughter of Samuel and Henrietta Maria (Lloyd) Chew, who died, leaving a son, John P. Paca, who married Julianna Tilghman, daughter of Richard and Mary Tilghman, and is now represented by the chil- dren of Joseph and Sarah (Paca) Rasin, of Kent County, Maryland. In 1777 Mr. Paca married his second wife, Anna Harrison, of Philadelphia. She died in 1780, leav- ing a son, who died in infancy. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. cL AN O9 \' & ANSON, CoLONEL GEORGE ADOLPHUS, Lawyer and @AN— Author, was born December 30, 1830, at ‘‘ Wood- ji ° bury,”’ his father’s country seat, near the head of (> Sassafras River, in Kent County, Maryland. He was educated at the College of St. James, in Wash- ington County, Maryland, during the presidency of Rev. John B. Kerfoot, D.D., now Bishop of the Diocese of Pitts- burg; was graduated Bachelor of Arts, July 31, 1851, and delivered the Latin Salutatory Oration for his class. On the first Monday of the ensuing October, he commenced the study of law in the office of William J. Ross, of Frederick, Maryland; completed his preparatory legal studies at Dane Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was admitted, Octo- ber 19, 1853, to practice law, by the Circuit Court for Frederick County, Maryland. In due course he received the degree of Master of Arts from his Alma Mater. He was married, September 23, to Courtney Cordelia Barraud, a lady of rare culture and rare intellectual endowment, born July 1, 1836, in Norfolk, Virginia, and the daughter of Dr. Daniel Cary and Mary Lawson (Chandler) Barraud, of Norfolk, Virginia. She, on her father’s side a Hugue- not, was the granddaughter of Dr. Philip Barraud, a dis- tinguished personage of Norfolk, who was the son of Daniel Barraud, the intimate friend of the Earl of Dunmore, in ante-revolutionary times, and a zealous patriot in 1776. Her father, on his mother’s side, was descended from Colonel Thomas Hansford, who, November 13, 1676, died “a martyr to the right of the people to govern them- selves.” Her mother was the granddaughter of Colonel Anthony Lawson of revolutionary fame, who was the great-grandson of Colonel Anthony Lawson, conspicuous in Virginia in the suppression of the Bacon Rebellion in 1676, who was the son of Thomas Lawson, who came, at an early period, to Virginia, with Captain John Smith. After his marriage he continued to reside and practice law in Frederick, Maryland, where his six children were born, viz.; Alexander Barraud Hanson, Barraud Hanson, St. George Courtney Hanson, Mary Susan Hanson, Edward Anderson Hanson, and Catharine Annika Hanson. In 1865 he was elected Vice-President of the Frederick County National Bank. In 1868 he was threatened with loss of sight, and compelled to abstain from reading, writ- ing, and the practice of his profession. He was appointed by Hon. Oden Bowie, by commission, dated September 17, 1869, Aid-de-camp to the Governor of Maryland, with the rank of Colonel. In the hope of securing the permanent restoration of the failing health of his wife, he purchased from his cousins, September 23, 1870, Radcliffe Hall, an estate in Kent County, Maryland, one of the homes of his ancestors, and removed his family there from Florida, April 13, 1871. Mrs. Courtney Cordelia (Barraud) Han- son departed this life, August 4, 1871, in full communion with the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is interred in the same vaulted grave with her two youngest children in the Hanson burial-ground in Chester Cemetery, near 311 Chestertown, Maryland. Colonel Hanson is the author of several published addresses, lectures, letters, pamphlets, reviews, and of a work of fiction, which was reprinted in England. During his residence at Radcliffe Hall, July 18, 1871, he was admitted to the bar of Kent County, and in November of the same year moved to Baltimore city, where he completed and published in 1876 his work, Old Kent: The Eastern Shore of Maryland: Notes illus- trative of the most ancient records of Kent County, Mary- land, and of the Parishes of St. Paul's, Shrewsbury, and L. U., and Genealogical Histories of old and distinguished Families of Maryland and their connection by marriage, etc. He was appointed, March 4, 1876, by the United States Cen- tennial Commission, one of the Centennial State Board of Maryland. He was a member of the Congress of Authors, assembled in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, July 1, 1876, and on that occasion, by invitation of the Committee on thg, Restoration of Independence Hall, presented a memoir of Hon. Benjamin Contee, member of Congress in 1787, 1788, 1789, and1790. In1877 he again returned to Kent County, and July 27, 1877, assumed the edi- torship of the Chestertown Transcript, a weekly news- paper. On April 23, 1878, he resumed his profession and commenced the practice of law in Chestertown. On May 10, 1878, he disposed of the newspaper, having in a short period greatly increased its usefulness and circulation. He has been actively connected with several literary so- cieties ; was one of the seven founders of the Irving So- ciety, at the College of St, James, and is at present a member of the Maryland Historical Society, and a corre- sponding member of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. He was one of the first advocates of local option in the State of Maryland, and when the act of 1878, chapter 161, was enacted, he boldly denounced the license system as a brutal wrong, pronouncing the revenue accruing from it to be blood-money, accursed by God and man, and became prominently identified with the Independent Temperance movement in Kent County. He wrote and reported the platform resolutions, unanimously adopted August 6, 1878, by the first regularly organized Temperance county convention ever held in Kent, and was the author of the « Address of the Central Committee to the People of Kent County, Maryland,” issued September 17, 1878. On No- vember 5, 1878, the Temperance ticket was carried in Kent County by 590 majority. He is the eldest son of Colonel Alexander Baird Hanson, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. In politics he is a Democrat, an ardent Southerner in all his sympathies, and faithfully attached to the ancient traditions of Maryland. He is an Episcopalian, as all his forefathers were. In Freemasonry, he is Senior Warden of Chester Lodge, No. 115, at Chestertown; Past High Priest of Enach Royal Arch Chap- ter, No. 23; Past Grand King of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Maryland ; Past Eminent Commander of Jacques De Molay Commandery of Knights Templar, No. 4, and 312 of the Thirty-second Degree in the Ancient and Accepted Scotch Rite. On August 4, 1870, he was constituted the representative of the Most Excellent Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the State of Louisiana, at the Grand East of the Royal Arch Chapter of Maryland, and still occupies that position. On November 20, 1878, he was appointed by the Grand Lodge of Maryland, Grand Inspector of Kent and Queen Anne’s counties. >), ERRYMAN, Joun, of Hayfields, was born at TM 3 Hereford Farm, Baltimore County, Maryland, ABBY August 9, 1824. His father was Nicholas Rog- i ers Merryman; his mother Ann Maria Gott. His grandfather, John Merryman, was born at the same farm, and was a merchant and farmer. In connection with James Calhoun, Hercules Courtenay, Thomas and Jesse Shillingsworth, he took an active part in securing the act of the General Assembly incorporating the city of Bal- timore. He was President of the Second Branch of the first City Council, James Calhoun was Mayor, and Hercu- les Courtenay, President of the First Branch. The families of Merryman and Rogers emigrated from Herefordshire, England, about the middle of the seventeenth century. There were frequent intermarriages in the families. The maiden names of John Merryman’s grandmother and great- grandmother were Sally Rogers. The records of the court of Baltimoretown for 1659, show that Nicholas Rogers was clerk of the court, and Charles Merryman Foreman of Grand Inquest. In 1839, having had but lim- ited advantages of education, he entered the hardware store of Richard Norris in Baltimore. In the winter of 1841 he accepted a situation tendered him by his maternal uncle, Samuel N. Gott, in his counting-room at Guayama, Porto Rico, West Indies. He returned home in July, 1842, and was induced to remain and take charge of several farms belonging to his uncle, John Merryman. In 1843 he settled at Hayfields, and the next year married Ann Louisa, daughter of the late Elijah Bosley Gittings. They have ten children living. In the year 1847 he was Third Lieutenant of Baltimore County Troops; and in 1861 was First Lieutenant of Baltimore County Horse Guards. Captain Ridgely having tendered the services of the Horse Guards to the Maryland State authorities, April 19, 1861, they were accepted the next day, and mustered at Towson- town, from whence they proceeded to Monument Square, Baltimore, where they received orders to take a position on the right of the infantry,on Fort Avenue, in South Bal- timore, to repel a mob supposed to have in contemplation an attack on Fort McHenry. There being no signs of a mob, towards morning they returned to Monument Square, and were dismissed to reassemble at Towsontown that day. Lieutenant Merryman was detailed with a small force to establish a post at the Hayfields House, there having been a large number of troops located in the immediate neigh- | BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. borhood, owing to the destruction of the railroad bridges between Ashland and Baltimore. Learning that a United States officer had been sent to Ashland to have the troops returned to Pennsylvania, Lieutenant Merryman rode to Ashland, and was introduced to Major Belger, and offered to render him or the troops any service required ; and if necessary would slaughter his cattle to supply them with food. Major Belger distinctly stated his business. He soon learned there was an interference on the part of the Pennsylvania authorities, who, notwithstanding the order of the President of the United States, to pass the troops around, determined to push them through Baltimore. It was believed the result of the attempt would have been the destruction of the soldiers, and, perhaps, of Baltimore. Acting upon this information, the Governor of Maryland ordered that the bridges should be destroyed on the North- ern Central Railway, after the troops passed north, to pre- vent them returning with Sherman’s battery, and other re- inforcements, as intended by the Pennsylvania authorities. The Lieutenant received instructions from Captain Ridgely to execute the Governor’s order; but he exercised his own discretion, and instead of destroying a number of valuable structures, he burned one bridge, south of Parkton, and a few trestles above that point. This effectually prevented the return of the troops by that route. In reply to the Lieutenant’s report, the commanding Genera! issued an order, commending in high terms the manner in which the Governor’s order had been executed. A few weeks after- wards, at three o’clock on the morning of May 25, 1861, Lieutenant Merryman’s house was surrounded by United States soldiers, and he was arrested and conveyed to Fort McHenry. While there he was indicted for treason, the overt act being the burning of the bridge and trestles, which was done in the execution of his sworn duty as an officer of the militia of Maryland. He immediately sent a petition for a habeas corpus to Chief Justice Taney, and he ordered the General in charge to present Mr. Merryman before him, in the United States Court-room, in Baltimore, May 27. The order was disobeyed, and the United States marshal was directed to bring General Cadwalader before the Chief Justice on Tuesday, May 28, for contempt. This order was not executed, for the reason that the President of the United States instructed the General to resist the marshal. Upon receiving the return of the marshal, the Chief Justice declared his decision in these words: “It is, therefore, very clear, that John Merryman, the petitioner, is improperly held, and is entitled to be immediately dis- charged from imprisonment.” The opinion in the case is very long, and fully sustains the decision. Mr. Merryman declares his sympathies with the South in the late contro- versy, but acknowledges the constant and persevering services of a number of friends, who were Union men, in protecting him from prosecutions. Although bound over to answer at trial for treason, he was never brought to trial. Having been surrounded by Whig associations, he took no BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. prominent part in politics until the Know-Nothing party was organized, in opposition to which he became active in Democratic ranks, and in 1855 was nominated for the House of Delegates ; but the Know-Nothings secured the election. Two years afterward the same nomination was tendered him, but preferring the position of County Com- missioner, that nomination was made, and he was elected, receiving one hundred and fifteen more votes than the gub- ernatorial candidate received in the county. He was made President of the Board. At the expiration of his term he declined a renomination. In 1870 he was elected Treasurer of the State of Maryland, and in connection with Gover- nor Oden Bowie, succeeded in placing the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal upon a much better footing than they found it. The net earnings in the two years of their ad- ministration were four hundred and forty thousand dollars. He was a member of the House of Delegates in 1874. As early as 1849 Mr. Merryman took an active part in the affairs of the Maryland State Agricultural Society, and was its Vice-President for Baltimore County in 1852, and Presi- dent in 1857, which position he held until the beginning of the war. In 1866 he issued a circular to the active mem- bers of the society, inviting them to meet at his office in Baltimore, when it was reorganized under the name of the Maryland State Agricultural and Mechanical Association, of which the late Ross Winans was elected President. In 1877 the Carroll County Agricultural Society invited the State Association to hold an exhibition in connection with it upon their grounds at Westminster. The Presidency of the State Association being vacant, on account of the resig- nation of A. Bowie Davis, Mr. Merryman was elected to fill the vacancy, and conducted the exhibition very suc- cessfully. For many years he has given special attention to Hereford cattle, and sheep for mutton. For the cattle he received a bronze medal and diploma at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and is rewarded for his attention to sheep-raising by the highest prices given for the best mut- ton reaching the Baltimore market. Mr. Merryman is also a member of the Executive Committee of the United States Agricultural Society, and Vice-President for Maryland of the National Agricultural Association; he is also one of the Trustees of Maryland Agricultural College. He es- tablished the house of John Merryman & Co., deal- ers in fertilizers, in Baltimore in 1865. Mr. Merryman’s ancestors and their descendants have always been church people. His grandfather, John Merryman. represented St. Paul’s Church in a convention held in Annapolis in 1773. He has himself been Register, Treasurer, and Vestryman of Sherwood Church and Parish in Baltimore County, since 1845, and its only delegate to diocesan conventions for thirty years. Mr. Merryman’s children are: Nannie G., Bettie, N. Bosley, a merchant of Marietta, Georgia, where he married Willie McClosky, John, D. Buchanan, E. Gittings, William D., Louisa G., James McKenney, and Laura F. and Roger B. T., who died in infancy. 313 — COLONEL JOHN CHARLES, Attorney-at-Law, GC was born at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, June 8, 1800. He was the son of Doctor John and Elizabeth Black Groome. Doctor John Groome was a distinguished and popular physician at Elkton, and repeatedly represented Cecil County in the State Legisla- ture. He was the son of Charles Groome, of Kent County, Maryland. who was a prominent man in old Kent, and Register of Chester Parish from 1766 until his death in 1791. Charles Groome was. the son of Samuel Groome, a distinguished citizen, and a churchwarden of St. Paul’s Parish as early as 1726. John C. Groome, the subject of this sketch, after being prepared for college, en- tered Princeton at an early age, and graduated with the highest honors of his class. He read law with the Hon- orable E. F. Chambers and Levin Gale, Esq., and after- ward graduated at the Litchfield Law School. He com- menced the practice of law at Elkton in 1825. He soon took high rank as a lawyer, and thereafter, until his death, had a most extensive and lucrative practice. He enjoyed and justly deserved the reputation of an honest and conscientious lawyer, which secured him great influ- ence in his profession. He was eminently a peacemaker, and sought to adjust claims and disputes without recourse to the courts. Few men have had so many law students. Among the number were the Honorable Alexander Evans, Honorable Hiram McCullough, Honorable John A. J. Creswell, Honorable J. Jewett, and Honorable James B. Groome, all of whom have served in Congress. Indeed, so numerous were his law students, that he was called the father of the Cecil bar. In politics, Colonel Groome was an old-line Whig, but he was never a politician in the usual sense of that word. In 1833 the Senate of Mary- land, which then filled its own vacancies, selected Colonel Groome, without consulting him and before he was aware of the intention of that body, to fill a vacancy that had occurred. He yielded to the importunities of his friends and served the three remaining years of the Senatorial term, but could not be induced to accept a re-election. For twenty years afterward his professional duties, the management of his large landed estate, and his disinclina- tion to public life, prevented his acceptance of office. He, however, filled many important business positions, and his wise counsels always carried weight with those with whom he was associated. In 1856 Colonel Groome, with many other old-line Whigs, supported James Buchanan for the Presidency. In 1857 the Democratic press throughout the State of Maryland advocated his nomination for Gov- ernor. The Democratic State convention made no nomina- tion, but recommended all opponents of “* Know-Nothing- ism ’’ to support Colonel Groome as an independent candi- date. He thus ran in opposition to Thomas Holliday Hicks, the nominee of the American party, and received a majority of the votes cast in the State outside of the city of Baltimore. In personal appearance Colonel Groome had decided y 314 advantages. He possessed a handsome person, a fine open countenance, and a most pleasing address. He was a man of generous impulses, great natural tact, and of a genial vivacious disposition, polished and refined in manners, and of a remarkably social nature, together with an unusual share of wit and humor, which made him very popular and caused him to be regarded as a “society favorite.” On December 6, 1836, he married Elizabeth Riddle Black, a lady of rare personal attractions, culture, and refinement. She was the daughter of Judge James Rice Black, of New Castle, Delaware, who for many years was a distinguished Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and highly esteemed for his ability as a lawyer, as well as for the fidelity with which he discharged his judicial duties. He was the son of James Black and his third wife, and James Black was the son of James and Jeannette Wallace Black. Colonel John Charles Groome died November 30, 1866, leaving a widow and four children. His son, James B., married, February 29, 1876, Alice L., daughter of Colonel Horace Leeds Edmondson and his second wife, Mrs. Maria Dawson, of Easton, Talbot County, Maryland. They have one child. Maria Stokes Groome, daughter of Colonel J. C. Groome, married April 27, 1864, Honorable William M. Knight, only son of William Knight and his first wife, Rebecca D. Ringgold, daughter of Samuel Ringgold, of Pleasant Hill, near Chestertown. Their children are Wil- liam, John C. Groome, Elizabeth Black, Ethel, James Groome, and Maria Stokes. Elizabeth Black Groome, daughter of Colonel J. C. Groome, married June 13, 1866, Honorable Albert Constable, son of Judge Albert and Hannah Archer Constable. Their children are Alice, Arline, Albert, John C. Groome, Henry Lyttleton, Claire, and Reginald. Jane S. Groome, daughter of Colonel J. S. Groome, married January 31, 1872, Dr. John Janvier Black, son of Dr. Charles H. Black, and grandson of Dr. Samuel H. Black, of New Castle, Delaware. Their children are Elizabeth M. and Armytage. John C. Groome, a son of great promise of Colonel J. C. Groome, died in 1860, in the twenty-first year of his age. a5 ON: ITCHENER, WILLIAM ALLEN, Lawyer, second i a son of Charles H. and Martha (Elliott) Mitche- ioe ner, was born in New Philadelphia, Ohio, May . 10, 1846. - Commodore Jesse D. Elliott, of the United States Navy, during the war of 1812-15, was an uncle of Mrs. Mitchener. Her father, Captain Wilson Elliott, was in the regular army in the same war, and another brother of her father was a captain in the regular service, but on account of some dissatisfaction he left the United States service and joined the British Army, in which he was an officer, and in one of the battles was directly engaged against his own brother, Captain Wilson oo8 ) | graduated in 1872. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Elliott. Hon. John Pyn, now a member of the British Parliament, is a near relative of Mrs. Mitchener’s family. Charles H. Mitchener, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a lawyer of high standing in New Philadel- phia, and a member of the last Constitutional Convention of Ohio. He was twice defeated for Congress by Hon. John A. Bingham, late minister to China. He died in April, 1878, at the age of sixty-one. His widow still re- sides in Ohio. Their son, William A. Mitchener, attended the best schools in New Philadelphia till he was fourteen years of age, when he entered a printing office, where he remained three years, learning the business of compositor. When he was seventeen years of age he purchased 7he Guernsey Jeffersonian, which in company with his brother he conducted successfully for three years. He then went to Washington, D. C., where he started 7he Campaign Digest, a Democratic campaign paper, which continued for three months and had a circulation of 10,000 copies. While thus engaged he commenced and eagerly pursued, at night, by himself, the study of law, and attended lectures at the National Law University, from which institution he He immediately opened an office in Washington for the practice of his profession, which he continued for two years. At the end of this time he re- moved to Baltimore, and was at once made President of the National Bonded Collection Bureau, which represents the collection interest of over nineteen hundred business houses of Baltimore. This position Mr. Mitchener still continues to hold, and the business prospers greatly under his able management. In 1874 he was united in marriage with Frances Devereaux Northrop, of New Haven, Con- necticut. They have one child, Maud Mitchener. In politics Mr. Mitchener is a Democrat; in religious belief and preference he inclines to the Presbyterian Church. In September, 1878, he commenced the issue of a weekly journal entitled Zhe Maryland Law Record. (AQ UFITH, Hon. Howarp, Farmer and Legislator, GS was born March 20, 1821, in Montgomery County, x Maryland, where he now resides. His parents, ; Greenbery and Prudence (Jones) Griffith, the latter { of whom is still living, were also natives of Mary- land, their ancestors coming to this country among the early settlers. His father was a brave officer in the war of 1812. Mr. Griffith received only such education in the English branches as the common schools of that time afforded. Early in life he settled upon the farm where he still resides. He has been a successful farmer, and has added largely to his estate. He has been engaged exten- sively in raising and shipping stock. In local politics he has been quite prominent in his section for a number of years. From 1852 to 1856 he was one of the Commis- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sioners of his county, and a member of the State Legisla- ture in 1860-61, the majority of whose members were ar- rested by order of the Federal authorities during the called session of the Legislature at Frederick City. Mr. Griffith, however, escaped arrest, having been at home on a visit, and was on horseback returning to Frederick City, when he was informed of what had transpired, and pru- dently turned again homeward. He was chosen again to the House of Delegates in 1876, and returned to the session of 1878. He was married in 1847 to Miss Sarah Chiswell, who died in 1859, leaving him four children, two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Charles G., is a farmer and miller; William T. is also a farmer. The names of his daughters are Georgia and Julia. Mr. Grif- fith is a highly respected and useful member of the House. WoWecLAUGHLIN, DANIEL, second son of George Ls \ and Mary A. (McCadden) McLaughlin, was i a born, December 6, 1831, in the city of Balti- @ more. He enjoyed the advantages of the best public schools of the city till he was eighteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to Mr. John Armiger, a prominent builder of Old Town, While learn- ing that business he attended the Drawing School of the Maryland Institute, during the evenings of four winters, with the view of perfecting himself as an architect. He served out his apprenticeship faithfully, and worked for several years as a journeyman at his trade. About the year 1857 he entered into partnership with Mr. John Q. A. House in the same business. They continued together six or seven years, and their business was very prosperous, but during this time, in 1861, Mr. McLaughlin also en- tered into partnership with his brother Robert in the shoe business. Their first plan was simply to buy the shoes and sell them, but the existence of the war made it impossible to obtain them, and they were compelled to commence manufacturing. The business experienced the vicissitudes of all new enterprises, but their determined energy and readiness to adopt all new improvements in their line of business, soon turned the tide in their favor. The McKay sole-sewing machine, which had just been introduced, was of great service to them. The business soon grew to such proportions as to require the whole time and attention of Mr. McLaughlin, and he withdrew his connection with the building partnership. In April of the same year, in the last draft, his services were demanded in aid of his country, and feeling that it was his duty to go, that his life was not more precious than that of others, he entered the army. His five brothers had all been drafted at different times during the war, but had all procured substitutes, At the beginning of the contest his brother Henry enlisted and saw two years of service. He was taken prisoner, 315 and for six months endured the horrors of Belle Isle. All the family were strong Union people, and assisted the cause of their country to the extent of their power. Mr. D. McLaughlin had been in the army about three months, when the news of the fall of Richmond reached his com- pany at Sandy Point, Virginia, and they returned to Tenally- town, near Georgetown. On July 31, having proceeded to Washington, they were honorably discharged at the Delaney House, D.C. Mr. McLaughlin at once resumed business. The brothers were then located on Calvert Street corner of Mercer, and were prospering finely, Soon being unable to fill the orders they received, they decided to remove to 79 East Monument Street. In this place they had the advantage of steam-power, and by the use of machinery they were enabled to meet the steadily increas- ing demand for their manufactures. Upon the introduc- tion of each new machine, Mr. D. McLaughlin learned to operate it himself, and became an expert in that branch of the business. The knowledge and experience he had ob- tained in building proved of great use to him, for in 1875 the retail salesroom of the company, on the corner of Gay - and Mott streets, was erected under his supervision, and in 1877, the business having greatly enlarged, the brothers decided to build a new factory, and Mr. D. McLaughlin superintended the erection of the large and magnificent four-story building on the corner of Baltimore and Eden streets, to which they removed in November of that year. It is surmounted by a tower one hundred feet high, from which floats the banner of the company, which can be seen to a great distance. They have at their manufactory, also, one of the finest retail salesrooms in the city. They em- ploy about fifty hands and make all styles of shoes for men, women, misses, and children. At one time a whole- sale salesroom was established at 318 West Baltimore Street, and the brothers John and William were included in the partnership; but the business is now owned and conducted by Daniel and Robert McLaughlin exclusively. M. D. McLaughlin was married in March, 1872, to Miss Mary E. Rouse, of Baltimore. He attends the Universalist Church, but has never formally connected himself with any denomination. He inclines to the principles of the Re- publican party, but reserves the right to vote for the best men on any of the tickets. He is a member of the Society of Odd Fellows, OORE, Hon. THomAs BAILEY, Merchant, was born in Quantico District, Wicomico County, Ca Maryland, October ro, 1823. His parents were H Benjamin and Hetty (Bailey) Moore. His mother 4 died when he was only six years of age, and he lost his father three years later, after which he was taken to the home of his uncle. From his sixth to his sixteenth year he attended the district school. At the age of seven- 316 teen he apprenticed himself to learn the carriage-making trade, at which he faithfully served till he attained his majority. He then, in connection with his brother George, purchased a farm, and for three years they devoted them- selves to the cultivation of the soil. But while fond of farming his early tastes strongly inclined him also to mer- cantile pursuits, and after a long and careful consideration the brothers finally sold their farm, stock, and implements, and set out for the West, to see what inducements that por- tion of the country might hold out to them. Stage-coaches then afforded them the only means of conveyance over the route they traversed. They went through Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri. In travelling through these States the striking contrast between the towns, villages, and farm- houses in the free State on one side of the river and in the slave State on the other side showed Mr. Moore in the strongest light the evils and curse of slavery, and settled his convictions in regard to it for life. Still the strong home ties prevailed, and after their wanderings the broth- ers returned and began mercantile life in Quantico. As was largely the custom with country merchants at that time they sold ardent spirits; but Mr. Thomas Moore, be- lieving it to be his Christian duty, obtained the consent of his brother George, then his partner, and abandoned that objectionable part of his business, and thereafter prospered in all his worldly affairs. During that year, 1847, he united with the church of his parents. Mr. Moore is still a merchant, and also a landowner. In early life he was a Whig. In 1857 he was elected by the American party to the State Legislature for two years from January, 1858. On the breaking out of the war he strongly espoused the cause of the Union. In 1862 a mass meeting was held in Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland, for the purpose of sustaining the Crittenden resolutions, maintaining the right and necessity of the war in the defence of the Union. Of this meeting Mr. Moore was chosen President. In 1865 he.was nominated and elected a Commissioner for Somerset County, and served in that capacity for the two years following, when he retired from the Board with the good will of both political parties. Asan evidence of the regard and esteem in which he is held by people of all ‘political creeds, it may be stated that he and his brother are frequently found named in the wills of individuals of entirely different political sentiments, leaving in their hands the settlement of large estates. In 1869 Mr. Moore or- ganized the Order of the “ Knights of Pythias” in Quan- tico, becoming himself one of the charter members, and was constituted Prelate of the Order. The society still exists in a flourishing condition, and owes its success in great measure, from the beginning, to the energy and ability of Mr. Moore. It has now over fourteen hundred dollars in its treasury. In 1848 Mr. Moore married Rachel W., daughter of Major Ralph Lowe, of Wicomico County. They have had but one child, Mary Elizabeth, who died in the fourth year of her age. In 1876 Mr. Moore was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. elected lay delegate of his district for the Wilmington Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and took a prominent part in the action on the Presiding Eldership, and other matters of church policy. eae i WROFFMAN, Wittiam H., was born near Gunpowder a 7) . Falls, Baltimore County, Maryland. He is now je well advanced in years, of the third generation of a the family of that name who have been operating continuously, for one hundred and two years, a paper-mill erected at the place of his birth, and the first ever erected inthe State. Mr. Hoffman’s grandparents on his father’s side, William and Susanna Hoffman, came to America from Germany, near Frankfort, about the year 1765, and landed in Philadelphia. He had learned the trade of paper-making in the Fatherland, and after his ar- rival in this country worked for a Mr. Sheets at paper- making for two years, to pay the expenses incurred in coming here. After a few years, he rented a small paper- mill, near what was then called Dunkertown, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. . Having saved a small amount of money, about the year 1776 he went to the province of Maryland, and selected the locality where the subject of this sketch was born, about two miles and a half from Mason and Dixon’s line. Mason and Dixon’s line, of which so much used to be said in the days of the anti- slavery agitation, was established but a short time previous to Mr. Hoffman’s settlement. There is a large stone planted at the end of each mile. These stones were brought from England, some of them having a crown cut on them, and others a P on one side and an M on the other, denoting that on one side is Pennsylvania and on the other Maryland. It is said that a road two rods wide had been cut along this line; but little traces of it, however, are now to be found. Indian relics have been gathered there, showing that these aboriginals had once inhabited the ter- ritory. The land is hilly throughout that district, and not very productive; but where not rocky, good crops are raised. It was here the original William Hoffman, finding. the water very clear and pure, together with most excel- lent advantages for obtaining water-power, built the first paper-mill. The process of manufacturing paper was then slow, it being nearly all handwork, but little machinery being used or known. He made a good deal of paper under the circumstances. Nearly all, if not all, the paper on which the Continental money was printed was made by Mr. Hoffman in that mill. Congress deeming it inexpe- dient to remain in Philadelphia, had removed to York, Pennsylvania, which is only twenty-two miles distant from the mill, and there held a session and issued the Continen- tal money. Mr, Hoffman acquired a good deal of land there, for which he paid one dollar per acre, and so secured some of the most valuable water privileges in Baltimore BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. County. He died at the age of seventy-one years, and he, with his five sons, who lived and died there, are all buried in that vicinity. His son, Peter Hoffman, inherited the mill and much of the property around. He occupied his time between paper-making and a little farming, never earning a dollar in any other way. William H. Hoffman was his only son, and to him the property was left by will. He has associated with him his three sons, G. W. S., W. E., and J. W., who are still operating the original mill, having rebuilt it, as also three other mills in the same county. These are all fitted up with the most improved machinery, making book and news paper, and manilla for paper bags, etc. Mr. Hoffman was a member of the Leg- islature in 1863, and voted for calling a convention to form a new Constitution. He was also a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1864, and advocated the in- serlion of the clause that slavery should no longer exist in Maryland, and also, that the General Government is supreme. He expresses himself as glad that he became associated in early life with the Whig party, as, by such connection, he had no trouble in being a Union man during the war. Although scarcely willing to acknowledge him- self an old man, Mr. Hoffman retains many pleasant rem- iniscences of noted personages and events of the past. He witnessed several grand processions, among which was one in honor of the visit of General Lafayette to Balti- more in 1824, and the great “ Log Cabin” demonstration in favor of General Harrison, when he was a candidate for the Presidency. In 1828 Mr. Hoffman witnessed the ceremony of laying the corner-stone for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in a field near Gwynn’s Falls, two or three miles from the city of Baltimore, on which occasion the venerable Charles Carroll of Carrollton assisted in breaking the ground. He also saw, in the Senate Cham- ber, Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Benton, and Grundy, and heard Clay speak before a crowded house. During his boyhood, Mr. Hoffman having heard Mr. Morrison lecture on temperance, signed the pledge, since which time he has abstained entirely from all intoxicating liquors and the use of tobacco in all its forms. For many years he has been a consistent and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and now holds the office of class-leader and steward. He built, at his own expense, a very conve- nient and pleasant church near his own residence, and has set apart a fund toward its maintenance, AL ern. ) HHOMAS, Joun L., JR., Collector of the Port of J Baltimore, was born in that city, May 20, 1835. His paternal ancestors were of German, and his maternal of French extraction. His father was born at Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and came to Baltimore in 1814, where he continued to reside. His mother’s 41 317 maiden name was Matilda L. Seeley. She was u native of Vergennes, Vermont, and was a granddaughter of Col- onel John Wolthrop, of the Revolutionary army. When Mr. Thomas was quite young his parents removed to Cum- berland, Maryland, where he spent his boyhood days. He received an academic education at Cumberland, and at an early age began the study of law under. the guidance of General Thomas J. McKaig, then the leader of the Alle- ghany County bar. In 1856 he was admitted to the bar, and immediately upon his admission was selected as Coun- sellor for the town of Cumberland, which position he held until his removal to Baltimore in the fall of that year. He opened an office in Baltimore, on Fayette Street, near Charles, and assiduously followed his pro- fession until 1865, when he entered Congress as the Representative of the Second Congressional District of Maryland. His faithful discharge of the various duties devolving upon him, his close attention to business and genial manner won for him many friends, and among the first to recognize his worth were John V. it McMahon, John Nelson, T. Jates Walsh, Coleman Yellote, and other prominent public men. When he returned to his native city, in 1856, he took part in the gubernatorial campaign of that year, espousing the cause of T. Holliday Hicks. His efforts on the stump not only brought him into public notice, but into intimate friendly relations with An- thony Kennedy, John P, Kennedy, Henry Winter Davis, and the leading Native Americans in Baltimore at that time. Je had been raised as an old-line Whig, his father being a supporter of Henry Claye- It was: but natural, therefore, that Mr, Thomas should act in antagonism to the Democratic party of that day. It was during this period that he assisted in the prosecution of John Claggett for murder. Claggett was defended by S. Teackle Wallis and Henry Winter Davis. Claggett’s trial excited great attention throughout the State. He was convicted of mur- der in the second degree. The efforts of Mr. Thomas in that, case were the foundation of his future success. He was subsequently counsel in many leading criminal cases, notably for the defence in the Federal Hill riots in 1858, and in the case of William G. Ford for murder, in the last- named case being associated with John Nelson, In 1859 he was employed by Henry Winter Davis to manage his contested election case against William G. Harrison, and acquitted himself in such a manner as to secure to Mr, Davis his seat in Congress. At the first indications of re- bellion in 1860, Mr. Thomas was outspoken against the doctrine of secession; and when in 1861 the first overt act of treason was committed, he was loud in his denunci- ations of the men who were the authors of the crime. On the night of April 18, 1861, he was at the Old Fountain Hotel on Light Street, in company with Governor Hicks, Henry Winter Davis, and other prominent Unionists, and at the peril of his life, made a conciliatory Union speech from the veranda of the hotel to the mob assembled there 318 to do violence to the Governor. During the delivery of his speech, Governor Hicks was taken from the hotel to a place of security, and when the mob discovered that Mr. Thomas had been put up to divert them until the Gov- ernor’s escape had been made, they made a demonstration against him, but failed in their designs, as the police, under Captain Boyd, of the Southern Disirict, had offered him protection. On the next day, April 19, he witnessed the firing of the mob on the Sixth Massachusetts regiment, and assisted to carry the wounded body of Needham, of Lowell, who had been shot, near the corner of Pratt Street, to a neighboring drug store, where he died. During the days succeeding April 19 and May 25, when General Butler made his entry jnto Baltimore, Mr. Thomas was true in his Union sentiments, and although frequently warned by note by the Volunteer Association, a secession organiza- tion, to leave the city, he stood his ground and never wa- vered. It was during this time that the City Council of Baltimore passed a law making it a penal offence to raise the American flag. A number of young men on Federal Hill had been arrested for a violation of thislaw. Mr. Thomas volunteered as their counsel, had them released onawrit of habeas corpus, and that night made the first Union speech delivered in Baltimore after April 19, on the corner of Bank Street and Broadway. In June, 1861, he was appointed as Counsellor for the city of Baltimore. He was reappointed in 1862, and held the position until his selection as State’s Attorney for Baltimore city in 1863. As City Counsellor, he tried many important cases, and had as antagonists such meh as William Schley, Reverdy John- son, and J. H. B. Latrobe, and the large vote he received as State’s Attorney, showed the estimation in which he was held by the people. In 1864, while he was State’s At- torney, he was elected as a member of the State Constitu- tional Convention. The records and debates of that body evince the prominent and active part taken by him in framing the organic law of that year. He framed the ju- dicial system adopted by that Convention, advocated the immediate and uncompensated emancipation of all the slaves, and favored the adoption of such principles as would put Maryland on a footing with her more advanced Northern neighbors. In 1865 Mr. Thomas was elected to Congress from the district composed of Harford County, a part of Baltimore County, and the first eight wards of the city of Baltimore. It was the Congress immediately suc- ceeding the war, and was conceded to be the most import- ant of any that had met since the adoption of the Federal Union. It had the task imposed upon it of welding to- gether the broken and dismembered Union, of instituting new governments for the South, providing for four million slaves who had been freed by the operation of the war, and protecting them in their civil and human rights; and of providing ways and means for carrying on the Government. It was a Congress composed of many of the most distin- guished men in the country, and of some who for the first BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. time had entered the national forum, but have since become famous. To be a member of such a body of men was a high honor. In Congress Mr. Thomas made for himself a record which has ever since secured to him the friendship of the great men of his party. He stood with Thaddeus Stevens and other leaders of the Republican party, in ad- vocating and voting for the great measures passed by Con- gress, and his name will be found recorded in favor of the Civil Rights Bill, the Freedman’s Bureau Bill, the Recon- struction Laws, the Colorado Bill, and other measures of kindred importance. Asa member of the Committee of Commerce, he secured the passage of a bill to deepen and widen the ship channel of Baltimore. He was also a mem- ber of the Joint Committee on Retrenchment. He was re- nominated for Congress in 1867, by the unanimous vote of his party, but his votes and speeches in Congress in favor of Republican ideas lost him his election, and at the end of his term he returned to the practice of his profession. In 1868 Mr. Thomas was sent as a delegate at large to the National Republican Convention that met at Chicago. He there supported Grant for President, and B. F. Wade for Vice-President. In 1869 General Grant appointed him as Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore. This ap- pointment was made at the urgent solicitation of many prominent men of his party in Maryland, indorsed by James G. Blaine, Samuel Hooper, John A. Bingham, Henry L. Daws, Thomas W. Ferry, and a large number of Republi- can senators and representatives throughout the country, who served with him in the Thirty-ninth Congress. Rutherford B. Hayes, then Governor of Ohio, wrote to President Grant under date of Fébruary 3, 1869, in favor of the appoint- ment of Mr. Thomas, saying “that he was a member of the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was throughout a firm and able supporter of the Republican measures of that Con- gress in opposition to the policy of Andrew Johnson.” Mr. Thomas filled the office of Collector for four years. At the latter part of his term he was taken sick, and his commission expiring, President Grant failed to re-com- mission him. In 1876 Mr. Thomas was sent as a delegate at large to the Republican National Convention, which met at Cincinnati. He was made Chairman of the Maryland delegation in that Convention, and voted for James G. Blaine. During the Presidential campaign that ensued, he was Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee, and, June 22, 1877, was reappointed by President Hayes as Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore, vice E. Wilkins, who was removed, which position he still holds. In 1864 he was appointed by Governor Bradford to enrol the militia comprised in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth wards, of Baltimore city. In March, 1867, he was again appointed as City Counsellor, but resigned on Mayor Banks taking possession of the Mayoralty. In 1866 he was a member of the Loyalist Convention, which met at Philadelphia, and of which John Minor Botts, of Virginia, was Chairman. Mr, Thomas was chairman of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the Maryland delegation in that body. He married Miss Azalia Hussey, granddaughter of John P. Strobel, one of the defenders of Baltimore in 1814, and has three children living. AN OF FMAN, DANieL P., Physician and Surgeon, Dy 2 was born in Baltimore, November 11, 1820. f He was the eldest son of John and Margaret - Ann (Peterson) Hoffman. The family is one of the Ts oldest in the city. Dr. Hoffman was educated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he pur- sued a full classical course. In 1838 he commenced the study of medicine in Baltimore under the instruction of Professor J. H. Miller. He afterwards entered the Mary- land Medical Institute, from which, having passed through a thorough course, he graduated March 1, 1840. The fol- lowing August he commenced in his native city the prac- tice of his profession, in which he has ever since been constantly and actively engaged, devoting his time to the general practice of medicine, and to obstetrics. He has no specialties. As asafe, sound, and successful physician he receives the well-merited respect of his professional brethren, and the confidence of the community. He is held in universal esteem as an honest, upright, and trust- worthy citizen. In 1872 he was elected on the part of the city a director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and was re-elected in 1877, the duties of which position he fills with credit to himself and satisfaction to the city. In 1842 he was united in marriage with Maria Louisa Burot Hilbert, of Baltimore. He has four children; the eldest, Mary Elizabeth, wife of Robert Emmet Jones, a promi- nent member of the Baltimore bar; Emily Lusby, wife of George H. Huschart, recently of Cincinnati, Ohio, but now engaged in the pork-packing business in Baltimore; John Homer, twenty-one years of age, a graduate of Loyola College; Baltimore, who recently entered upon a pro- fessional course of study at the Maryland Medical Univer- sity; and Daniel P., Jr., aged sixteen, whose preferences are for a mercantile life. 1812, was a native of Maryland, his ancestors coming to this country among the early settlers. ¥* Prior to that war he resided in Alexandria, Virginia, i and followed the business of jeweller. At the battle of White House, Virginia, under Commodore Porter, when the British effected a landing at that place he commanded a battery of artillery. During the engagement a cannon- ball from one of the English gunboats struck the ground just in front of where he was standing, tearing away the isi, wv GREENBERY, an officer in the war of é 319 earth from under him, and making a deep excavation, into which he fell. His men ran to him shouting that he was killed, but he arose to his feet, and cried out: “I’m all right, boys, give it to them again!” Though they fought with great bravery, their ammunition became exhausted, and they were forced to retire. Mr. Griffith afterward re- moved to Montgomery County, Maryland, where he spent the remainder of his life, and where his descendants still reside. His wife, Prudence (Jones) Griffith, is still living. oe: JoserH J., Manufacturer, was born in AX Baltimore, Maryland, July 29, 1829. His parents = were also residents of Maryland, and were of _ English and Irish parentage. His grandparents filled positions of honor, and left behind them an honor- able record in the history of this country. His great-grand- father, Simpson by name, whilst surveying in the Western wilds inthe year 1790, under the direction of the United States government, was murdered by the Indians. Joseph J. Robinson was educated in the schools of Baltimore city, where he made good use of his time in acquiring a thor- ough knowledge of those branches of study most service- able in the business of life. In his eighteenth year he began business for himself as a photographer, in which he continued for about one year, when he engaged in the dry- goods business. In the year 1800 his grandfather, George Robinson, began the manufacturing of brick in Baltimore city, and continued the business until his death in 1828, which brought George Robinson and his brother before the public, under the firm name of G. & L. Robinson. They continued in the business until 1850, having established the manufacturing of brick out of Canton clay by hand, being the first introduction of hand-made brick at Canton, which proved to be a success. This firm was dissolved by the withdrawal of the senior partner, George W. Robinson, who associated with him the subject of this sketch, Joseph J., under the firm name of George W. Robinson & Son. They continued the business at Canton with great success until 1873, when they received a notice from the Canton Company to remove from their land, in order to make room for some projected railroad improvements. Soon afterward the junior partner purchased for the use of the firm a piece of ground (about twenty-three acres), in the Eastern section of the city, bounded by East Avenue and Monument Street, where they have established their works, and increased their manufacturing facilities. Owing to the indefatigable energy of the junior partner (the senior being advanced in years), the business of the firm has steadily grown, until it is now one of the largest of the kind in Baltimore. Messrs. Robinson & Son are now manufactur- ing at the rate of ten millions of bricks per year. The superiority of the bricks manufactured by them is evidenced 320 by the severe test to which they have been subjected, and the large purchases made by the officers of the city, State, and United States. They have filled, and are now filling large orders from corporations and contractors in various parts of the country. While Mr. Robinson’s business career has been one of great energy and activity, and the demand made upon him in looking after the interests of the firm has been very great, he has found time to contribute in various ways to enterprises designed to promote the public welfare, and is regarded as one of Baltimore’s public- spirited citizens. In 1863 he was elected by the citizens of the Sixth Ward to represent them in the First Branch of the City Council. As a member of that body he evinced the same’ energy and industry as in his business, and as Chairman of the Committee on Internal Improvements and Highways, displayed a thorough comprehension and apti- tude to handle all business appertaining to those commit- tees. He discharged his duties with such fidelity to the interests of his constituents and the public at large, that they returned him for five consecutive years to represent them. In early life he married Mary E., daughter of Samuel Burnham, a merchant of Baltimore, and has three daughters. LAGLE, CHARLES W., Merchant, was born March DD 11, 1828, in Hanover, York County, Pennsylvania. : His father, David Slagle, was a prominent and } highly respected citizen of that place, and occupied many important and responsible public positions there, such as that of Chief Burgess, etc. The great-grand- father of the subject of this sketch was one of a company of pioneers who first settled west of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania. Charles received a sound pre- liminary education in the public schools of his native town, and completed the same at the New Oxford Collegiate Institute. After leaving the Institute he entered, in a clerical capacity, a store in Hanover, and subsequently one in Reading, and one in York, Pennsylvania, serving in these for a period of about seven years. In December, 1851, Mr. Slagle went to Baltimore and entered into the wholesale grocery and commission business, January 7, 1852, in connection with Edmund Neff, under the firm style of Neff & Slagle, which establishment was conducted for four years, when Mr. Slagle sold his interest therein to his partner, and founded the present grain, flour, and seed concern of C. W. Slagle & Co., March 1, 1856. As the head of this house he has been eminently successful, and has established an extensive trade all over Maryland, Penn- sylvania, and through the Western States. Mr. Slagle is one of the most public-spirited and enterprising citizens of Baltimore, and is identified with many of its leading banking and other important institutions, fire insurance, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. railroad companies, etc. He has taken a very prominent and active part in the construction of the Baltimore and Hanover Railroad, which runs through a rich agricultural region of Pennsylvania. Mr. Slagle is connected with a number of religious and charitable societies in Baltimore, and is ever ready to lend a helping hand to the deserving poor. November 8, 1860, he married Miss Rachel A. Matthews, of Baltimore County, his wife being a member of a highly respectable Quaker family. He has had six children, four of whom are living. Mr. Slagle stands high. in commercial circles, and commands the respect of the general community. CKEWEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS, was born in Bal- pr AG timore, Maryland, June 18, 1832. He went ee through a regular course of education in the public schools, including the High School, in s which latter institution he was a diligent student for three years. At the age of fifteen years he entered, in a clerical capacity, his father’s stove manufacturing estab- lishment, then located on the corner of Light and Lom- bard streets, and after remaining there for two and a half years he became engaged with Messrs. Hayward & Bart- lett, and served a term of four years with them as stove and hollow-ware moulder. After the expiration of the latter period he re-entered his father’s establishment as bookkeeper, which position he occupied until 1859, when he was appointed Secretary to the Board of Police, of which the late Colonel George P. Kane was Marshal. Shortly after the disbanding of the force, and the arrest of Marshal Kane and the Commissioners, July, 1861, Mr. McKewen was arrested and taken before General John A. Dix, then in command of the Federal forces at Baltimore, for paying off said disbanded police. He was discharged with the understanding, on the part of General Dix, that if the police force were again paid off by him he would be re-arrested and sent to Fort McHenry. An effort was made to exact a’ promise from Mr. McKewen that he would make no further payments to the police, which endeavor was unavailing, and he in September, 1861, again paid them. The same month he was arrested and sent to Fort McHenry. Though informed that he would be detained in prison until he subscribed to the oath of allegiance to the Federal authority, he persistently refused to do so, and was trans- ferred after a month’s incarceration in Fort McHenry to Fort Columbus, Governor’s Island, port of New York. From thence he was conveyed on the steamer State of Maine to Fort Warren, Boston harbor, his companions and co-prisoners being the members of the Maryland Legisla- ture and others, including S. Teackle Wallis, Mayor George William Brown, Judge T. Perkin Scott, and the Board of Police Commissioners, of which the late Charles Howard BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. was President. Mr. McKewen, declining to take the pre- scribed oath, was detained until May of 1862, when, upon a notice of five minutes, he was placed on board a tug and landed on the wharf at Boston, the captain bidding him “good-day,” and telling him he was a free man. Mr. McKewen returned to Baltimore, and thence immediately to the South. Shortly after his arrival in Richmond, Vir- ginia, he was requested by the Secretary of War of the Confederate States to perform an important mission to Washington for the Confederate government. Whilst crossing the Potomac he was captured and taken aboard the gunboat Live Yankee. He was imprisoned in the Old Capitol, tried by court-martial, and at the ex- piration of thirty days acquitted. After his release he accomplished the object of his mission and returned to Richmond, continuing to perform other services for the Confederate cause until the termination of the war, when in June, 1865, he returned to his native city. He had not been in Baltimore long when he accepted a situation as bookkeeper in an extensive oyster-packing establish- During the second year of his clerical connec- tion with the house, he became a partner thereof, until 1867, when he was nominated by the Democratic Conser- vative party for the Clerkship of the Criminal Court of Baltimore City, to which position he was elected by over fourteen thousand majority. He performed the duties of that position with such fidelity and general acceptability as to cause his re-election in 1873, again receiving a popular majority of nearly fifteen thousand votes. The second term of Mr. McKewen’s clerkship of the Criminal Court has been characterized by the same devotion to the public interests as his previous administration of the office. The unfortunate have always found a friend in Mr. McKewen, and through his kindly aid and advice many a heart sink- ing under affliction has been lightened. He is eminently fitted for the position which he has been twice called upon to fill. From his earliest manhood Mr. McKewen has been a zealous member of the Democratic Conservative party, and has taken an active part in its various organiza- tions and movements. He has been Chairman of the Ex- ecutive Committee of that party for Baltimore city, and has been, for several years, as he still is, a member of the State Central Committee of the party. He possesses su- perior executive ability, and is looked to by the members of his party for advice and counsel, and is regarded as one of its most trusty leaders. The father of the subject of this sketch is Archibald McKewen, who was born in County Armagh, Ireland, and came to’ America in 1808. He retired from business many years ago, and is still liv- ing, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. He is the third of fifteen children, seven of whom are living. There was but one daughter, who is in the Convent of Mount de Sales. Mr. McKewen married in 1857. His wife died in 1875, leaving one son, now eighteen years old, a student at Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburg. a” ment. | ness in February, 1875. 321 We Henry Fisuer, Physician, and Judge of 6 *} the Orphans’ Court of Caroline County, was es born in that county, near Preston, in 1831. His a parents, Zachariah and Mary (Fisher) Willis, who are still living, were both natives of Caroline County. In his boyhood, Dr. Willis attended school in the winter season only; the rest of the year he spent in as- sisting his father on the farm, which was the means of the family support. At the age of fifteen, he was obliged to give his whole time to this labor, but having » love of knowledge, he improved every opportunity for study. In 1850 he commenced to teach a country school, which vocation he followed for three years, and while thus em- ployed began also the study of medicine. He graduated in 1854, and in February of that year settled at Millsboro, Sussex County, Delaware. The malaria of the place so affected his health that he was compelled to leave his practice there, removing in 1862 to Preston, Caroline County, Maryland, where he now resides. He succeeded Dr, E. E. Atkinson, who had entered the army as a sur- geon, and entered at once on a large and successful prac- tice, and though his labors were necessarily constant, his health became better than it had been for many years, His medical skill and kindness and sympathy in the sick- room, and his Christian character, have won for him the affectionate regard of his patients, and the esteem of the public generally. He is greatly interested in everything that affects the welfare and happiness of the community, and especially in the public schools. In anything destined to advance the cause of education he has always taken the lead. Dr. Willis was a Union man throughout the war, and has always been a Conservative Democrat. In 1876 he was elected one of the Judges of the Orphans’ Court for Caroline County, a post he occupies with honor and usefulness. He is a member and Vice-President of the Medical Society of Delaware, and is delegate-elect to the National Medical Association. He was married in 1856 to Emily R., daughter of Matthew Patton. They have had three children. The eldest, whom they had carefully educated, had just reached womanhood when she was suddenly removed by death after a few hours’ ill- The remaining children are a son and a daughter. Dr. Willis is an office-bearer in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns a farm, and is much interested in agriculture, is a fruit-grower and a Granger. Caroline County, Maryland, in the year 1824. His parents were Tilghman and Mary (Fountain) Todd, both of whom he lost in his childhood, his father dying when he was in his fourth year, and his mother Yi RODD, Hon. CHARLes Henry, Farmer and Legis- Ji < lator, was born on the land now owned by him in qe 322 before he reached the age of ten, leaving him in the charge of his brother, Nathan Todd, who cared for him with un- wearying kindness until his death in 1847. The early ad- vantages enjoyed by Charles Todd were limited to the schools of the neighborhood, which he attended only in the winter, his summers being employed in the work of the farm. After his parents died his brother kept him at the winter school till he was twenty-one years old. Nathan, _being « carpenter, was anxious to have his younger bro- ther learn the same business, but all his tastes were for farming. As soon as he reached his majority he com- menced farming on the family estate, in which he held a one-fourth interest. Assuming the charge of it, and en- tering into the business with enthusiasm, he was soon able to buy out the other heirs and became the sole owner of it. In 1848 he married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Aaron and Lydia Clarke, of Caroline County. The earliest office to which Mr. Todd was assigned was that of Trustee for the Poor of the County. In 1857 he was nominated by the Whig party for the General Assembly of the State, and after an exciting contest was elected a member of the House. His course as a legislator was gratifying to his friends, and his party were ready to give him any position in their power, but he steadily declined a nomination for any office. In 1865 he was appointed by the Governor as one of the State Assessors for Caroline County. He per- formed the duties which devolved upon him, but resolved that he would not again accept official position. This resolution he kept until, in 1877, the Reform party of the county nominated him for the House of Delegates. He was elected and served in the last session of the House with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents, who were of both political parties. Mr. Todd was an ac- tive Whig in early life, and from the time of Mr. Lincoln’s elevation to the Presidency he has acted and voted with the Republican party. patriot, and unhesitatingly supported the Government in every measure to maintain its authority. His homestead is known as “ Mount Washington.” He has added to the original property, and is now the owner of over five hun- dred acres of land in its immediate vicinity. During the war he was an ardent — Joun, son of John and Jane Woodall, ¢ (OA } was born in February, 1810, near the town of a Smyrna, Kent County, Delaware. His father 7° was born in Kent County, Maryland. His ances- 1 tors were Welsh and among the early settlers of that county. Jane Woodall was the daughter of Joseph Hock, a Friend, and a carpenter and builder. He erected the Court-house in Dover, Delaware. His death occurred at the close of the last century. John Woodall, Senior, was a farmer, a very popular man in his day, and com- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. manded the highest respect of his neighbors, notwithstand- ing it was known that he was an Abolitionist, not merely in sentiment, but one who was not afraid to carry out his sentiments. His wife was in full sympathy with him; they fed and clothed many poor slaves fleeing from the far South, and helped them on to a free State. Their son John was early taught those practical lessons of humanity, and many atime at night carried to the barn or the swamp the food and clothing that the runaways needed. He grew up to strongly hate and oppose slavery, and also the sale of spirituous liquors. His father was a Methodist, and his mother a Friend. They removed while he was very young to a farm three miles from Dover, Delaware. Here he commenced attending a country school, in his seventh year, and when older went to school in Dover, and also worked on the farm. When he was seventeen he went to Philadelphia to learn the business of a house-carpenter and architect, and was apprenticed to Daniel J. Weaver, a well-known builder in that city. Young Woodall was an enthusiast in his business, in which he became very pro- ficient, and won the confidence and regard of his employ- ers. In his nineteenth year he was often placed over the other workmen, who were journeymen. On attaining his majority in 1831 he returned to Dover, and was at once engaged to build the large hotel afterwards known as the Fountain House. In 1835 he became the architect and builder of the State-house at Dover, which is still standing. In the spring of 1836 he purchased a farm in Little Creek Neck, and giving up his former business, devoted himself for thirty years to agriculture. In 1836 he was united in- marriage to Anna Matilda, daughter of Andrew and Ma- tilda Calley, of Kent County, Delaware, and his children were brought up on this farm. In 1865 he purchased a handsome property at Camden, Delaware, to which he re- moved. Mr. Woodall was elected on the Whig ticket in 1847, by a very large majority, as a member of the Gen- eral Assembly, and served in the session of 1848. During this session he brought before the House a bill to “ pre- vent profanation of the Sabbath, commonly called Sunday,’’ the intention of which was to close on that day all places throughout the State where intoxicating liquors were sold. This bill was carried triumphantly through both Houses, and still stands as a law in Delaware, and has done much to improve the morals of that State. A local option bill was also passed, leaving the vote to school districts; this, however, was afterward pronounced unconstitutional. In this session, also, Mr. Woodall was the leader in the great effort made to free the State of Delaware from the incubus of slavery. The bill met with strenuous opposition on the part of the members from Sussex and Kent counties. It passed the lower House, and was lost by a single vote in the Senate. Precisely the same thing occurred in 1827. In 1853 he was again nominated and lected on the Whig ticket to the Assembly. During this session he was very earnestly engaged in obtaining a prohibitory law for the e FH. pe State of Delaware. Such a law was passed by both Houses, and received the signature of Governor Cansey. He was also one of the most resolute and determined friends of the Delaware and Maryland Railroad, which, commencing at Oxford, Talbot County, runs to Clayton, Delaware, and there connects with the main line of the Peninsula. That road is largely indebted to his influence for its charter from the State of Delaware. Mr. Woodall voted for President Lincoln, and was an ardent patriot. In 1861 he was one of the most active men in the State in support of the General Government, holding meetings and addressing them in its favor, when, as at first, there were few to stand by him. He joined with others and drew from the Smyrna Bank thirteen thousand dollars for the purpose of equipping the first Delaware regiment, and gave to it, and to the country, his youngest son, afterward General Daniel Woodall. He was one of the most effi- cient supporters of the patriotic Governor Cannon during those stormy days, and served as Chairman for the Sani- tary Committee on Finance for his district. Mr. Woodall came to Maryland in 1857, and purchased the Denny farm for his son Edward, within a mile of Easton, Talbot County. In 1875 he removed from Delaware to Mary- land, and now resides with his son on the Walton Place, on Third Haven Bay, opposite the town of Oxford. Mr. and Mrs. Woodall have had four children, —Edward, men- tioned above, General Daniel Woodall, late Assessor of Internal Revenue for the State of Delaware, Mrs. Bartlett, of Talbot County, and Mrs. Mary Massey, wife of Colonel George V. Massey, a well-known and popular lawyer of Dover, Mr. Woodall has been a member of the Society of Friends since 1834. RAUN, Joun B., was born in Bremen, Prussia, @ yy June 1, 1817. He received his education in x Bremen. At the age of fifteen he made a voyage z to England. On his return he entered the service { of H. Meyer, a tobacconist, with whom he remained four years, when he went into the same line of business, conducted by Charles Ludwig, with whom he continued ten years. He then spent four years in mercantile pur- suits, when he again entered the tobacco trade, in the em- ployment of Messrs. Hopkins & Staid, with whom he re- mained for eight years. The two following years he was in the tobacco business on his own account, when he closed up in that country and came to Baltimore, having first spent a few weeks in New York. He spent about one year in the tobacco and segar business with A. Bohn & Co., on Pratt Street. Mr. Braun then formed a connection with H. Wilkins as manufacturers and dealers in the ‘“ Durham Bull” tobacco, as manufactured by Mr. Wilkins in Bremen. That partnership was dissolved after three years in conse- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 323 quence of the death of his partner. Mr. Braun then con- tinued the business alone. About one year after Mr. Wil- kins’s death, Mr. Braun married his widow. A few months ° afterward the Collector of Internal Revenue seized Mr. Braun’s establishment on the charge of not paying suff- cient tax. The claim made upon him was for nineteen thousand dollars. His property was estimated at forty thousand dollars, all of which was carried off and sold. Mr. Braun claims to have been illegally dealt with in the transaction. For some time thereafter he had much trouble in the attempts he made to go into business again. He finally succeeded, however, and is now conducting a very prosperous establishment at 335 West Pratt Street, Balti- more. ( ORISON, NATHANIEL Ho.LmEs, LL.D., Provost \: of the Peabody Institute, Baltimore, was born re in Peterborough, New Hampshire, December 14, 1815. He was the third son and fifth child in a family of seven children. Four of the sons graduated at Harvard College. The family were of Scotch- Irish descent, their ancestors having settled in London- derry, New Hampshire, in the year 1718. Captain Nathaniel Morison, the father of Dr. Morison, was a farmer, and also a merchant and manufacturer. He died of yellow fever at Natchez, Mississippi, when his son Nathaniel was but three years old. This son was fitted for college at the celebrated Phillips Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire, and graduated at Harvard College, in 1839, with high rank as a scholar. Among his class- mates were the Rev. Edward Everett Hale and Dr. Samuel Elliot, of Boston; George H. Williams, J. B. Williams, and Edmund Lloyd Rogers, of Baltimore. Immediately after his graduation, Mr. Morison came to Baltimore as the principal assistant in a fashionable school for young ladies, just opened by Mr. F. H. Davidge on St. Paul’s Street. After two years of service in this semi- nary, he opened, in 1841, a young ladies’ school of his own, which increased in numbers and reputation, until it became the leading girls’ school in the city, a position it maintained for more than twenty years. In it were edu- cated about a thousand of the most cultivated ladies of Baltimore, including the principals of several of the lead- ing girls’ schools of the present day. His school was never in a better condition in regard to numbers and effi- ciency than when he surrendered the charge of it at the end of more than a quarter of a century. In 1867 he was invited by the Trustees of the Peabody Institute to take charge of that institution, and he entered on the duties of his office in September of the same year. The Institute was founded in 1857, and the first portion of the building had just been completed when the great civil war broke out, and arrested its further development. A librarian had 324 been appointed, however, and about twenty thousand vol- umes of books had been collected before the Institute was formally opened in the presence of its founder, in October, 1866. The library was then opened to the public for the first time, and the first course of public lectures was de- livered during the following winter. Dr. Morison at once devoted himself to the collection of such a library as the founder of the Institute had clearly prescribed. It was not to be a popular library, but a library of reference, and was to contain such books as should “ satisfy the researches of students who may be engaged in the pursuit of knowl- edge not ordinarily attainable in the private libraries of the~ country.” In laying the foundations of this library the trustees had decided to spend $100,000, as fast as the books could be properly selected and purchased. The entire re- sponsibility of the selection rested upon the provost. He had lived among books and had been an extensive general reader in all departments of knowledge, but he had not the training or the technical knowledge of a librarian. To ascertain the best books in every department of human knowledge, is a very difficult task, though an interesting one. Dr. Morison gave to it all his waking hours for nearly ten years, taking his work with him in his summer vacations, visiting other libraries, seeking from all experts whom he could reach information concerning their special departments, and reading hundreds of volumes on the most varied subjects by learned men, in order to take down carefully all their important references. It was his ambi- tion to bring together a library that should be a credit to himself, an honor to its founder, and the pride of the city, while it should satisfy the wants of students at home and attract scholars from abroad. His labors have been crowned with a success beyond his early expectations, and the library is now regarded by all competent scholars as one of the most valuable collections of books, if not che most valuable one of its size in the country. It contains more than sixty-five thousand volumes, and has cost more per volume than any similar collection known, in conse- quence of the valuable character of the books purchased. In addition to his charge of the library Dr. Morison has arranged the courses of popular and class lectures for each year, superintended the conservatory of music, and the en- tire interior business operations of the Institute. The in- terior of the new building, much larger than the old, with all its various conveniences for library and lecture uses, was also planned by him. For several years Dr. Morison has been one of the Governors and Visitors of St. John’s College at Annapolis, and in 1871 he received from that institution the honorary degree of LL.D. He was mar- ried in 1842 to Sidney Buchanan Brown, of Baltimore, granddaughter of Dr. George Brown, the leading physi- cian in Baltimore at the beginning of the present century, and of Dr. Patrick Allison, the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, a clergyman of the highest distinc- tion, influence, and usefulness during the Revolutionary BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. war, and the years that immediately followed it. They have had eight children, seven sons and one daughter. Two of the sons have died, and two have graduated at Harvard College. One son is settled as a lawyer in Bos- ton, one as a physician in Baltimore, one is studying in Germany, and one, the youngest, is preparing for Harvard University. Dr. Morison is a member of the First Inde- pendent (Unitarian) Church, and was for twenty-seven years the Superintendent of its Sunday-school. He was also for many years one of its trustees, CLL 09: aye ICKS, HonorasLE THOMAS HOLLIDAY, Governor ai Wy ° of Maryland and United States Senator, was the ne ips eldest son of Henry C. and Mary (Sewell) Hicks, ses and was born September 2, 1798. His paternal AS ancestors were English, while his mother was of Scotch descent. She was a relative of General Sewell of the American army. His father was a substantial farmer, and as was the custom among the planters of his day owned slaves. -He was a kind and conscientious master. Governor Hicks’s parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They had a family of thirteen chil- dren. Their eldest son, Thomas Holliday, grew up on the family estate, four miles from East New Market, at- tending the subscription schools of his neighborhood till he was about twenty years of age. He early showed a strong inclination for politics, and soon after attaining his majority was made a constable, which position he held till 1824, when he was elected Sheriff of the county. After filling this office for three years he settled upon a farm which he had purchased on the Choptank River, and while residing there was a member of the Legislature. In 1833 he removed to Vienna, in the same county, where he suc- ceeded his brother, Horace Sewell Hicks, who had just died, in mercantile business and in running boats to Balti- more. In 1836 he was elected on the Whig ticket a mem- ber of the State Electoral College, which under the then Constitution of Maryland had the election of the State Senate and the Governor’s Council. There being twenty- one Whigs and nineteen Democrats in the College, the election requiring a two-thirds vote created a dead lock, which lasted for months and nearly threw the State into anarchy. Three Democrats finally voting with the major- ity, a compromise was effected and the Senate was elected. While absent at Annapolis as a member of the College, Mr. Hicks was elected to the Legislature. That body during the’session of the following year passed measures making the Senate and Council elective by the people. In 1837 he was a member of the Governor’s Council, and in 1838 Governor Vesey appointed him Register of Wills for Dorchester County. He was reappointed by successive governors till the Constitution of 1851 made the office BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. elective. To that Constitutional Convention he was elect- ed, though filling the above office. Mr. Mitchell, who had been elected Register of Wills under the new Consti- tution, dying- in 1855, Mr. Hicks was appointed to the position by the Orphans’ Court. He filled that office in all about seventeen years, holding it until, in 1857, he was nominated and elected Governor of Maryland, by the American party, for four years from January 1, 1858. It was during this period that he won his great reputation. He had before enjoyed a local celebrity, but now he ac- quired a national fame. His administration covered the most momentous period in the history of the State. He was first conspicuous in putting down the dangerous and criminal classes, known as Plug Uglies, who at that time dominated the city of Baltimore, and controlled every elec- tion. In the efforts of the more respectable portion of the community to regain the ascendency several of the ring- leaders were brought to trial and convicted of murder; bribery, and every conceivable influence was brought to bear on Governor Hicks to induce him to pardon these offenders, but he remained firm, and they were executed. With the same steadiness of purpose he met the first shock and alarm of civil war, when the State appeared to be thrown into irretrievable confusion, and many of the leading families were determined to carry Maryland into In that dark hour, almost alone, his life threatened, the Union men hunted and terrified, he stood like a rock amid the storm and maintained his integrity and loyalty untarnished to the end. So firm and unyield- ing was he in all matters of principle as to receive the sobriquet of “Old Czesar;’? yet he was one of the ‘most tender-hearted, generous, and lovable of men. Many a time, at the entreaties of their friends, he visited President Lincoln to sue for the release of sick and wounded Con- federate prisoners ‘of war, and for his friends he could not do enough. He was untiring in his efforts to aid the Union cause, and to support the General Government in suppressing the rebellion, and threw the whole weight of his influence with the loyal people of the State to secure enlistments into the Federal Army, and to afford‘aid and good cheer to the Maryland soldier. At the close of his gubernatorial term he was, in 1863, appointed United States Senator, by Governor Bradford, to fill the unexpired term of Honorable James Alfred Pierce. That appoint- ment was ratified by an election of great unanimity by the Legislature at the next session in 1864. He was now thoroughly identified with the Republican party; a recog- nized leader in its councils, and a member of the Union League. Although a slave-owner he voted for the Con- stitution of 1864, and for the abolition of slavery. In the autumn of 1863 he had the misfortune to seriously sprain his ankle. Erysipelas setting in, the amputation of his leg became necessary to save his life. He died, February 13, 1865, from the effects of a stroke of apoplexy, at the height of his fame, influence, and usefulness. Governor 42 secession. 325 Hicks was three times married ; first, to Ann Thompson, of Dorchester County. His second wife was Leah Raleigh, also of the same county. After her death he married Mrs. Jane Wilcox, the widow of his cousin Henry Wilcox. Of the large number of children of these marriages only two are now living, Nannie, wife of Dr. George L. Hicks, of Dorchester County, and B. Chaplain Hicks, by his last marriage, now residing in Baltimore. NY. ERNON, GeorcrW. F., Surveyor of Customs, Port D of Baltimore, was born June 14, 1843, at Freder- e453 ick City, Maryland. He is the fourth son and @ eighth child of Professor Nathaniel and Charlotte A. Vernon. A brief account of the Vernon family is given in his father’s sketch in this book. In his child- hood Colonel Vernon developed those traits of character that have been characteristic of his subsequent career. He indulged only in such games and sports as required energy and perseverance, in which he always obtained recognition as a leader. At the age of eighteen he entered the Federal Army as Second Lieutenant in Company A, Cole’s Cavalry, Battalion P. H. B. Cavalry, Maryland Volunteers, at Fred- erick, Maryland, August 10, 1861. That command was raised under authority from Hon. Simon Cameron, Secre- tary of War, by request of Hon. Francis Thomas, membet of Congress from Western Maryland, after the Governor of Maryland had refused the President’s call for troops to suppress the Rebellion. Colonel Vernon had thoroughly imbibed the political faith of his father, an old Federalist and Jackson Democrat, who believed “that the central power was paramount, and that the idea of a State with- drawing from the Union, peaceably or otherwise, was ab- surd, and would lead to utter disintegration and anarchy.” He, therefore, enthusiastically indorsed the Union cause, taking an active part in Union meetings, and addressing his fellow-citizens from the rostrum. He took great pains to thoroughly comprehend the tactics of his new calling, and having once secured the confidence of his command he never lost it. At the time of Stonewall Jackson’s move- ment upon Bath, Virginia, and Hancock, Maryland, in the winter of 1861, Lieutenant Vernon, then at Williamsport, Maryland, was hurried forward with his company in a snow- storm and an all-night march to the scene of action, which they reached before daylight, and aided materially in foil- ing the enemy’s designs. The winter scouts in Virginia in 1861-2 and its training, had put the command in good con- dition for active work in the spring of 1862. Upon the advance of General Banks’s column up the Shenandoah Valley, Cole’s Cavalry was given the post of honor in the advance of General A. S. Williams’s Brigade, who occu- pied the extreme right of the line. The first blood shed during this campaign was in a cavalry skirmish at Bunker Hill, Virginia, and for the part taken by Lieutenant Vernon. 326 and his command a highly complimentary official letter from Brigadier-General Williams was forwarded to Captain H. A. Cole the next day, bearing date March 8, 1862. In all the vicissitudes of the active campaign in the Shenan- doah Valley during the spring, summer, and early autumn of 1862, Cole’s Cavalry took an active part, and Second Lieutenant Vernon was promoted First Lieutenant, then Captain. In August, 1862, he was taken down with a severe attack of typhoid fever, so that he was obliged to return to his home in Frederick—some thought to die. His strong will-power, however, nerved the body, and did more than medicine to insure his recovery. After the battle of Antietam the Confederate Cavalry, under General J. E. B. Stuart, made a raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania. Captain Vernon, then convalescent, placed himself at the head of his command and harassed the raiders as they were heading towards the Virginia bank of the Potomac. He captured seven of them, and believes if he had been prop- erly supported the Confederate forces would have been captured or annihilated. Upon the entrance of the army under Burnside into Virginia, Cole’s Cavalry was attached to the Twelfth Army Corps, which remained in the Valley of Virginia during the winter of 1862-3, where they were employed on scouting duty. In the spring of 1863 and early summer they acted in an independent capacity in clear- ing the Valley of guerilla bands. The winter of 1863 found Cole’s Cavalry almost continuously in the saddle. On Jan- uary 10, 1864, while encamped on Loudon Heights, Virginia, Cole’s Battalion was attacked at midnight by Moseby’s Guer- illa Battalion, augmented by volunteers from Lee’s army. They expected an easy victory. The attack being wholly unexpected and impetuous, Company B, which received the first onslaught, offered but feeble resistance. Captain Vernon was speedily in line with Company A, and formed a rally- ing-point for the rest of the battalion, who fought with such determined bravery that the assailants were utterly routed, leaving the dead bodies of one of their captains, two lieu- tenants, and two privates in the camp. The Federal loss was four killed and sixteen wounded, including Captain Vernon, who received a gunshot wound in the head. A highly congratulatory letter was received from H. W. Hal- leck, General-in-Chief, a few days after, by Brigadier-Gen- eral B. F. Kelly. Captain Vernon was promoted to be Major, then Lieutenant-Colonel, the battalion being aug- mented to a full regiment of twelve hundred men. The old battalion re-enlisted for the war, February 14, 1864, and returned home on a thirty days’ leave of absence. They received a grand ovation by the loyal people of Fred- erick Cityand County. On the expiration of the thirty days all of the mounted men participated in the disastrous Sigel and successful Hunter campaigns in the Shenandoah Val- ley, where the whole regiment continued to do duty, either mounted or dismounted, until the close of the war in 1865. After being mustered out of service, Colonel Vernon returned to his home at Frederick, and commenced the BIO GRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. prosecution of claims, and established a brokerage busi- ness in Frederick City. He also exercised a general oversight of operations on his farm. He was successful in business and respectfully declined the tender of his in- fluence made to him by Hon, Francis Thomas, in securing for him a good position in the regular army. In the State Convention of Soldiers held at Baltimore in the autumn of 1865, he was selected as permanent Chairman, and sent as a Delegate to the National Soldiers’ Convention, which assembled in Washington in December, 1865. He was also selected Chairman of the Soldiers’ Legion for Fred- erick County. This was a semi-political organization de- signed to secure recognition for wounded soldiers in the distribution of official patronage. He took an active part in politics as a Republican, representing his county in State and National Conventions. When the breach took place between President Johnson and Congress, Colonel Vernon promptly espoused the cause of the Representatives of the people in Congress, and ina meeting called for the pur- pose of indorsing the Johnson policy of Reconstruction, called by many of the then influential leaders of the Re- publican party in Frederick County, he offered as a sub- stitute resolutions indorsing Congress, which were ulti- mately adopted. Nevertheless, after the passage of the Tenure of Office bill, March 2, 1865, he was proffered the Postmastership of Frederick City, which he accepted on condition that he would not be required to yield his politi- cal convictions. He was nominated, and being promptly confirmed, entered upon his duties April 1, 1867. He remained in that position until May, 1869. On his retire- ment, he received a most complimentary notice from the editor of the Frederick Citizen, the leading Democratic paper of the city. President Grant, in recognition of many and important services rendered by Colonel Vernon touching his elevation to the Presidency, directed his ap- pointment as a special agent of the United States Treasury Department He qualified as such, May 24, 1869. In the discharge of his office, he travelled all over the United States, and was sent to South and Central America, spend- ing over three years on the Pacific slope, in Oregon and California. Colonel Vernon married Sallie A. Todd, of San Francisco, August 18, 1873. During the Presidential campaign of 1876, he took an active part in behalf of the Hayes ticket throughout Maryland, and was appointed Surveyor of Customs of the Port of Baltimore, January 16, 1878, which position he now occupies. oA 0.9) KWeARDCASTLE, ALExanprrR, M.D., was born at yi Wy Castle Hall, Caroline County, Maryland, January ower’ 2, 1826. His father, Hon. William W. Hard- i, castle, a sketch of whom is contained in this vol- , ume, lived to the advanced age of ninety-six years. His son Alexander from his fourth year was sent to school BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. at Castle Hall school, but from his fifteenth to his twenti- eth year was instructed by a private tutor. He then en- tered the office of Dr. G. W. Goldsboro, of Greensborough, Caroline County. In 1847 he entered Jefferson Medical College, and also studied in the office of Prof. Miitter, of Philadelphia, his aim being to fit himself for the post of surgeon in the United States Army. He graduated in March, 1849, with the intention of going before the Exam- ining Board, which was soon to convene in New York, but his father desired his presence at home, and his assistance in the management of his affairs at Castle Hall, and finally, in obedience to his wishes, he relinquished the prospects which to him appeared so inviting, and returned to the an- cestral estate. He there devoted himself to his practice, also to farming, and to the care of his parents while they lived. After four years his health failed, but was restored by three months of travel. Dr. Hardcastle is now the owner of seven hundred and sixty-eight acres of land, which he has divided into three farms. Since 1865 he has been largely engaged in fruit-growing, devoting himself chiefly to the cultivation of peaches, apples, pears, and cherries. In 1878 he realized handsomely from his peaches, having about thirteen thousand peach trees in bearing. Dr. Hardcastle was in early life a Whig, but now acts with the Democratic party. In 1870 he was elected on their ticket to the General Assembly, and was re-elected in 1872. He was on the Committee on Corporations in 1871, and in 1872 was on the Committee of Ways and Means. All State appropriations having to come before that committee, he united with Hon. F. Stone, of St. Mary’s, and Hon. Mr. Street, of Harford, in urging the appropriation of ¢50,000 for the maintenance of public schools for the colored youth of the State, believing it to be the best and cheapest police system that could be de- vised. This was the first State appropriation for the edu- cation of colored children; by subsequent legislation it has since been increased to $100,000 annually. As a lover of peace and good order, Dr. Hardcastle has exercised great influence in his neighborhood in adjusting difficulties and settling disputes, and is generally appealed to in matters of controversy. In his profession his character and abilities have placed him in the front rank. His interest in public improvement has,led him to serve as Director in the Chesa- peake and Delaware Railroad. He has won the fullest confidence and affection of the colored people by the inte- rest he has shown in their behalf. Though brought up in the Presbyterian Church, Dr. Hardcastle and his wife are now members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married in July, 1857, to Kate, daughter of Elias and Margaret (Millechop) Naudain, of Kent County, Delaware. Mrs, Hardcastle is niece of Dr. Arnold Naudain, who was for many years United States Senator from Delaware, and who was at one time Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in that State. Dr. and Mrs. Hardcastle have but one child, a son, Alexander, who is now in Princeton College. 327 OUDON, JosEPH, was the son of the Rev. Joseph Coudon, who owned and lived upon an estate near Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland. Prior to the Revolution, necessity required that all who contem- $ plated entering the ministry of the Protestant Episco- pal Church should visit the mother country in order to ob- tain ordination. After our independence was established, it became imperative that means should be provided, whereby the delay and expense of crossing the ocean might be avoided; and with that end in view, Dr. White, in October, 1786, sailed for England and obtained Episco- pal consecration. Soon after his return Bishop White held his first ordination in Christ Church, Philadelphia, on Whitmonday, May 28, 1787, and admitted Mr. Joseph Coudon and Mr. Joseph Clarkson to the order of deacons, and on the next day in the same place ordained Mr. Coudon to the priesthood. Mr. Coudon was the first to receive the rite of ordination to the priesthood at the hands of Bishop White. He at once became Rector of the Parish of St. Mary Anne’s, or North Elk, which was one of the most ex- tensive within the Province of Maryland. His labors were not confined to the parish church at North-East, but em- braced a large scope of country, including at one time a portion of New Castle County, Delaware. During the earlier years of our Republic the duties of the pastorate were much more laborious and required far greater exposure than at present, and it was probably owing to this fact that Mr. Coudon’s ministry was of short duration. He died April 13, 1792, a little less than five years after his ordination. He was buried beneath the chancel of the parish church, and a marble slab with the following inscription marks the place of interment: “In Memory of the Rev. Joseph Cou- don, Rector of St. Mary Anne’s Parish. A Zealous and In- defatigable Preacher of the Gospel, who departed this life on the 13th of April, A.D. 1792, and in the 51st year of his age.” This is one of the few old English churches upon the Eastern Shore and is still in a good state of preserva- tion, having been kept in repair chiefly by the descendants of the departed Rector. A portrait of the Rev. Joseph Cou- don by Rembrandt Peale, of Philadelphia, is in possession of the family. The picture is in every way worthy of the artist’s reputation and represents a face of striking beauty and character. Mr. Coudon married Rachel Wallace, of Newport, Delaware, May 18, 1783, and May 30, 1787, the day after his father’s ordination to the ministry, Joseph, the subject of this sketch was born. Deprived of a father’s guidance when less than five years old, he was left almost from infancy to the care of his mother, whose wisdom and discretion implanted in his breast those prin- ciples of honor and fair dealing which characterized his life. He commenced business at an early age, in the lower part of the county, but anxious for a more extended and promising field of enterprise soon moved to Port Deposit, and with John B. Howell, under the name of Coudon & Howell, conducted a profitable business in the old stone ' D 4 c 328 storehouse, which for a long time stood in the centre of the main street, and which the town authorities recently purchased and removed. During the war of 1812, three military companies were organized in the upper part of Cecil County, under the command of Captains Patton, Gerry, and Krouse. Mr. Coudon enlisted in the former, but as it was deemed important that his store should be kept open for the convenience of the neighborhood, he was excused from military duty. When, however, the British ascended the Susquehanna and destroyed Bell’s Ferry, Mr. Coudon closed his store and made haste to join his comrades and share with them in the trenches the threatened danger. At a later period he embarked in the lumber business with Captain Robert Morgan, and these gentlemen were among the most extensive dealers at that time in the town. On June 20, 1811, he married Margaret S., a daughter of Stephen and Sarah Biddle, of Sassafras Neck, and resided in the dwelling erected by him at Port Deposit, and now in the possession and oceupancy of J. W. Abrahams. The issue of this marriage was one child, which died in infancy; its mother also died in little more than twelve months from the date of her marriage. Light years after- wards, May 25, 1820, Mr. Coudon married Ann, a daughter of John and Hannah Stump, of Cecil County. John Stump was the son of Henry Stump, of Harford (then Baltimore) County, and a descendant of John Stump, a Prussian, who, with his wife Mary, emigrated to this country about the year 1700, and purchased and settled upon a large tract of land in Cecil County, at the mouth of the Susquehanna River. On the maternal side Mrs. Cou- don, whose mother was also a Stump, was descended from Augustine Herman, of Bohemia Manor. Soon after Mr. Coudon’s marriage with Miss Stump, he retired from mer- cantile business and engaged largely in agriculture upon his fine estate known as “ Woodlands,” near Perryville, where he passed the remainder of his life. This property is one of the largest in the county, and having both water and railroad communication with the cities, and being in a high state of fertility, is justly considered one of the most de- sirable in Cecil County. The dwelling is situated upon an eminence north of both the railroad and the old post road, and commands a fine view of the surrounding country, the river, and the bay. The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad passes through the land, and passen- gers rarely fail to notice the mansion half concealed by forest trees. Mr. Coudon was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church—the church of his fathers, and ever alive to its interests, and in the capacity of vestryman ex- erted a controlling influence in all measures adopted for the welfare of the parish. Through his watchfulness and zeal the rentals of the glebe were managed to the best advan- tage, and by his own liberality a substantial stone wall was constructed upon two sides af the parish church ceme- tery, and other improvements made as circumstances re- quired. Although a consistent and uncompromising be- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. liever in the principles of Jefferson and Jackson, Mr. Coudon was not a politician in the generally accepted sense of the term; possessed of liberal and broad views upon questions of public policy and a large experience in business, and gifted by nature with a mind of more than ordinary capacity, and a presence and address at once cap- tivating and commanding, he enjoyed the confidence and esteem of his acquaintances to an unlimited degree, and might have attained to almost any position within the gift of the people; but was never induced to quit the retire- ment of private life, except to occupy a seat upon the bench of the Orphans’ Court. In the management of the trust thus confided to him, he was universally acknowledged to have had no superior. The interests of the widow and orphan were never guarded with greater wisdom and fidelity than during his stay upon the bench. The fruits of Mr. Coudon’s second marriage were three children,—John Stump, who died in infancy, Joseph, and Henry Stump; Joseph, the elder of the surviving brothers, married Caroline, only daughter of George P. Whitaker, of Principio Furnace, an extensive iron manufacturer, and lives at the old home- stead; he had two sons, George P. and Joseph; the first- named died in childhood. Henry S. married Martha B., eldest daughter of Thomas W. Levering, of Baltimore, and has five children,—Anna, Wilson Levering, Joseph, Lydia, and Martha. He lives upon a part of the paternal estate known as “ Ellerslie,” and has also a fine farm in Carpen- ter’s Point Neck, a portion of the same estate known as “Chowder Hall.” Both of these gentlemen have devel- oped a fondness for agricultural pursuits, the latter being a prominent member of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. Mr. Coudon’s wife died April 12, 1857, and he was com- pletely prostrated by the shock, they having lived together for a period of nearly forty years. He never recovered from the depression consequent upon the separation, and died May 23, 1860. Wit RICE, WiLt1aM Skinner, was born near Ingleside, s rg in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, in 1804. His *~ father, Basil Price, was a farmer, and died in 1829. 4 His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of William { Skinner. She died in 1824. He attended a private school during the winter season from his seventh to his twenty-first year, giving the remaining months to the labors of the farm. His father paid for his schooling during his earlier years; as soon as he became old enough to earn money he defrayed his own expenses. He was married soon after he came of age to Eliza A., daughter of John and Mary Potts, both of Ingleside. One year afterward he com- menced farming for himself on borrowed capital, removing the following year to Corsica Neck, where he rented a farm and remained thirteen years. In 1840 he purchased a farm known as the “ Fork’s Farm,” belonging to his uncle, Wil- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. liam Skinner, which at the end of one year he sold to ad- vantage, and purchased a farm of three hundred acres, on which he lived until 1846, when he sold it and bought the farm known as “ Powell’s Park,’ about three miles from Queenstown. In 1853 he purchased the estate known as “ New Market,” to which, after erecting a good house and out-buildings, he removed in January, 1854. Remaining here until 1858, he removed to Queenstown, and commenced mercantile business. In 1861 he sold “‘ New Market” and purchased a large tract of land on Kent Island, lying on the Chesapeake Bay, to which two years later he removed his family, and conducted the farm, while still. continuing his business in Queenstown. To this place he returned in 1868, and devoted himself entirely to mercantile affairs. On leaving Kent Island he divided his estate, which he called “ Bellview,” into three farms, on which he settled three of his sons, John W., Philemon F., and James B Price, by whom they are still occupied. In October of the same year his wife died, leaving him four sons and four daughters, having previously lost four children. Mr. Price then re- moved to Baltimore, where he resided till 1878, when he returned to Queenstown, where he had built a commodious residence, which he still occupies. His business in that place was closed in 1872. The parents of Mr Price were devoted and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which he also united in 1825, at Ingleside, and for a period of fifty-three years has filled the position of leader, steward, and trustee. He was married a second time to Mrs. Pamelia A., widow of George W. Burke, of Baltimore. By the children of his first wife he has forty- six grandchildren and one great-grandchild. village of Oldendorf, near Osnabruck, in the late Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in March, 1841, where, in addition to the tuition received in the village schools, he was instructed in the different languages by private teachers. He was the son of Christian Frederick and Louisa Prior. His mother’s name before marriage was Schreeder. His father has been doing business as a country merchant in the same building occupied by his ancestors for the same purpose for more than two hundred years, which yet bears the date of its erection, 1641. In 1852 his father added to that of linen the manufacture of cotton sheeting, and had on an average one hundred hands em- ployed. The factory had Edward’s particular attention, and he would have preferred to enter a larger business of that kind; but his father desired him to commence his mercantile career in a retail store, and he was, therefore, apprenticed in a drygoods establishment in the city of Han- over. At the end of his apprenticeship, he was influenced by his father to accept a situation in“a banking and for- 329 warding house in Bremen. That position enabled him to support himself and to be no longer dependent on his father, who had still to provide for ten other children. While in Bremen he received an offer of a situation in Baltimore, Maryland, and, with the consent of his parents, he sailed for America, arriving in New York in August, 1859. A few days afterward he reached his destination, and at once entered upon his duties as bookkeeper in the fancy goods and toy house of H. F. Alberti & Co., with which, and the firms succeeding it, he has been connected until a recent period. After filling the’ position of bookkeeper for two years in that establishment he changed it for that of salesman, which, in addition to giving him a more prac- tical knowledge of the business, afforded him an oppor- tunity to become more thoroughly acquainted with our lan- guage. During the civil war a branch house was tempo- rarily established in Washington, of which he was placed in charge. At the close of the war he became travelling salesman for the firm, and visited in that capacity nearly all the Western and Southern States, making many ac- quaintances. In 1865, on a trip to Europe, for the purpose of celebrating his parents’ silver wedding, he closed a con- tract with the senior member of the firm for whom he had been employed in Baltimore, to receive an interest in the Baltimore business. Accordingly, on January 1, 1866, the name of the firm was changed to Alberti, Brink & Co. During the continuance of that firm, he was actively em- ployed as salesman, when the decease of Mr. Brink made a change necessary, and the firm then became Alberti, Prior & Co., and conducted a highly prosperous trade until De- cember 31, 1877, when he commenced a new firm under the present name of Prior & Hilgenberg ‘This new ar- rangement necessitated several trips to Europe, tending to the improvement of the business, which reached in 1872 nearly half a million dollars. Mr. Prior is a member of the German Society for Protection to Emigrants and the Improvement of their Condition. He was a Lutheran by birth and baptism, but is not a member of that church now. He takes no particular interest in politics, but is in- clined to Democratic principles. In the late war he favored the Southern cause. He has been married twice; first,on April 4, 1868, to Bertha, daughter of Dr. Pape, who after a happy union of seven years died, leaving three children, two of whom are living. His second wife, whom he mar- ried May 8, 1877, was a cousin of his former wife. D BURNER, Hon. Joun, Farmer and Merchant, was Ji tc the son of John and Judith (Price) Turner, and ae" was born in Somerset, now Wicomico County, © Maryland, in the year 1813. His mother died when he was a child; his father lived until 1840. He commenced attending school in his seventh year, but after he reached the age of ten was for the most part employed 330 in the work of the’farm. He, however, attended school at such times as he could until he reached manhood. At eighteen he became a sailor, and at nineteen was master of a schooner owned by his father, which he employed in trading on the Chesapeake and Delaware bays. He was thus engaged until his twenty-third year, when he pur- chased the farm on which he still resides, and devoted himself to agriculture. In 1845 he added to this the busi- ness of a country merchant, in which he has now been en- gaged for thirty-three years. Of late years he has also owned a number of vessels, trading in grain, lumber, and oysters. Mr. Turner began public life in 1845, when he was nominated on the Whig ticket, and elected to the State Legislature, from December of that year to the follow- ing March, He was soon after elected one of the County Commissioners, and served for four years. He was next appointed School Commissioner by the Governor, which office he also held for four years. In 1861 he was elected to the House of Delegates, and served in the extra session, taking a leading part as a Union man in the measures of that stormy period. He served also in the regular session afterward, in which he was recognized as an unflinching patriot on all questions that concerned the honor of his country. He zealously supported the right of the National Administration to maintain its authority in all parts of the Union, and though all his slaves, valued at ten thousand dollars, were set free, his sentiments were not changed for amoment. He still says that the course he then pursued at great pecuniary cost to himself he has never regretted. He is a brave, unselfish, and honorable man, and his influ- ence in the community is very decided. He was married in 1833 to Alice, daughter of Matthew and Priscilla Travis, of Somerset County; after her death he married Cornelia A., daughter of John D, and Leah J. Anderson, also of Somerset County. He was baptized in infancy in the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, but his preferences led him in early life to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he and all his family are members. One of his sons, the Rev. William Pitt Turner, is a man of distinguished ability, and a member of the Pittsburg Annual Conference. NQPEATES, Henry P. P., M.D., was born in Balti- a é more, Maryland, October 21, 1824. His parents ‘kis = were John L. and M. J. (Pennington) Yeates; a his father was a native of Harford County, Mary- land; his mother, of Baltimore. They had four sons and one daughter, all of whom are dead except the subject of this sketch. He received his early education in the schools of his native city, and at the age of thirteen entered Dickinson College, Pennsylvania. He began the study of medicine in his father’s office at eighteen, and afterward spent one year with Dr. N.R. Smith. He grad- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. uated in February, 1845; and after remaining in Baltimore about six months went to the South, where he practiced his profession for three years. He then returned to Balti- more, and has been engaged in the practice of medicine ever since. During the late civil war, he was in active professional service in the Union Army. He was formerly an old-line Whig, but is now identified with the Demo- cratic party. At the age of twenty-four, Dr. Yeates mar- ried Miss Martha R. Knighton, daughter of Thomas Knighton, Esq., of Baltimore, but formerly of Anne Arundel County. They had six sons and two daughters, of whom a son and a daughter are deceased. Thomas, the eldest of their children, is now twenty-nine years old, and Milton Garland, the youngest, ten. >) CK AIG, Hon. W. McMauon, Lawyer and Leg- ey ® q e islator, was born in Cumberland, Maryland, et July 29, 1845. He is the son of Robert Stewart i and Sarah A. McKaig. His father was educated for a physician, and practiced for some time in Ohio, then removed to Maryland, where he engaged in the business of shipping coal. Mr. McKaig was educated in the Alleghany County Academy; studied law in the office of General Thomas J. McKaig, and was admitted to the bar of Cumberland in 1867. He practiced law in . Cumberland until 1873, when he went West on account of his health. He visited Colorado, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, spending some time among the orange groves, then extended his trip to Acapulco, Mex- ico, Pontaranus, Costa Rica, Panama, and across the Isthmus to Aspinwall. From there he went to Savanilla, at the head of the Magdalena River, and from thence to New York, by ocean, and back to Cumberland in May, 1875, where he resumed the practice of law. He was Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee for Alleghany County, and in 1877 was elected to the House of Delegates. Dur- ing the session of 1878 he was appointed Chairman of the Engrossing Committee, and was made a member of the Committee on Elections and the Committee on the Judiciary. He has been an active and useful member of the Legislature, and has attained considerable popularity. Wa ONEY, HENRY DOoNNELLAN, Lawyer, was born in 3 ( Baltimore, Maryland, November 14, 1834. He at- ax tended various private schools in Baltimore until ; he attained the age of seventeen years. Among his preceptors were the Rev. William N. Pendleton, a distinguished Episcopalian clergyman, and Professor E. M. Topping, who had held the professorship of Greek at Princeton College. At the age heretofore mentioned he va =) BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. entered the Junior Class at Princeton, and graduated with honor in 1854. Returning to his native city he commenced the study of law in the office of the late Hugh Davy Evans, an eminent lawyer, where he remained for two years, when he entered the office of Messrs. Wallis and Thomas. At the expiration of a year Mr. Loney was ad- mitted to the Baltimore bar, and at once entered upon a lucrative practice. Mr. Loney is a general practitioner, but gives special attention to bankruptcy cases before the United States courts in Maryland and other States. He was, for fifteen years, a member of the well-known law firm of Matthews & Loney, which had a very extended prac- tice in bankruptcy cases. In the autumn of 1873 Mr. Loney was elected a member of the Baltimore City Council (Second Branch), from the Eleventh and Twelfth wards. He there inaugurated the famous fight against the frauds then existing in the Municipal Government, notably ‘among which was what was known as the “ City Yard,” where the dredging of the harbor of Baltimore, and all the work incidental thereto was conducted. He was one out of thirty members of the City Council who worked and voted against appropriations for that purpose. After serving two years in the Second Branch, Mr. Loney was returned by the Twelfth Ward to the First Branch of the City Council, when the Reform party, of which he was the representative and the acknowledged leader, secured sufficient votes in the Council to enable its mem- bers, through the influence and efforts of Mr. Loney, to withhold any appropriation for the “City Yard,” and to have an ordinance passed creating the present Harbor Board, which is composed of gentlemen who serve without pay, the new system accomplishing a reduction in the mu- nicipal expenses of $250,000 per annum, whilst it is far more efficient and satisfactory in its workings and results than the former. Mr. Loney may be regarded as the prime mover in this important measure of municipal reform. In April, 1878, upon the nomination of Hon. Robert Gilmor, Judge of the Circuit Court, he was appointed Auditor of the Court of Chancery by the Supreme Bench of Balti- more, which position he holds at the present time. Mr. Loney has been an active member of the Fifth Regiment, Maryland National Guard, ever since its organization in 1867, and was really its founder, the first meeting for its formation having been held in his office. He was elected its Major in 1868, Lieutenant-Colonel in 1871, and Colo- nel in 1876. May 10, 1877, he resigned the Colonelcy after a faithful service of ten years as a soldier and an offi- cer. Colonel Loney’s father was the late William Loney, a prominent and extensive wholesale drygoods merchant of Baltimore. He died in 1866. The latter was a son of Amos Loney, a highly respected citizen and farmer of Baltimore County. The progenitors of the Loneys were of English birth. The mother of the Colonel was Miss ‘Rebecca Tryer, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Colonel Loney married, April 26, 1864, Miss Anna M. Van Ness, 331 daughter of the late Colonel Eugene Van Ness, Deputy Paymaster-General United States Army. He has but one child, Matilda Van Ness Loney. Colonel Loney is an ac- complished lawyer, and a gentleman whose purity of char- acter and honesty of motives were demonstrated by the bold and independent stand he took against political cor- ruption, at the periods already referred to; an attitude which he had the moral courage to assume, though, in thus doing, he was acting counter to the sentiments of the party which elected him for his first term in the City Council. jE NNEDY, WILLIAM, Cotton Merchant and Manu- a facturer, was born in Philadelphia, February 26, : 1801. His father, John Kennedy, died when the subject of this sketch was nine years of age, and William was compelled, early in life, to rely upon his own exertions and energy for the support of his widowed mother and himself. When but fourteen years old he adopted a seafaring life in the merchant service. So apt and efficient was he in the profession he had chosen, that we find him, at the age of nineteen years, Captain of a vessel, and from thence, 1820, until he aban- doned the sea, in 1834, he continued in command of various first class merchant ships. As master of vessels sailing out of the port of Baltimore he was in that city at different pe- riods from 1828 until 1831, when he took up his permanent residence therein. In the latter year he married Mary Ann Jenkins, daughter of William Jenkins, a prominent merchant of Baltimore. After a business connection of several years with the house of William Jenkins & Sons, Mr. Kennedy, in 1846, entered into the cotton business, three years thereafter becoming the President of the Mount Vernon Cotton Manufacturing Company, whose extensive miljls are located in Baltimore County. He was one of the founders of that corporation, and the chief stockholder therein. He occupied the Presidency thereof until his death, October 4, 1873. Mr. Kennedy occupied many other positions of honor and responsibility. He was Director in the National Bank of Baltimore; the Baltimore Savings Bank; the Equitable Fire Insurance Company; the Pea- body Insurance Company; the Baltimore Dispensary ; St. Mary’s Industrial School; was one of the founders of the First National Bank of Baltimore; was a “ Protector’ in St. Mary’s Female Orphan Asylum, and Trustee of the Cathedral He was the first Treasurer of the Boston Steam- ship Company, and held the position ten years. He was one of the earliest contributors to the stock of that com- pany, and one of its vessels bears his name. _ All through the American civil war Mr. Kennedy was a stanch and devoted supporter of the Federal Government, and con- tributed substantial aid to the patriot cause, whenever the exigencies of the times required it. With him the love ne 332 of country was a deep and pervading sentiment, and he considered no sacrifice too great in the maintenance of the integrity of the American Union. His residence was on the York Road, Baltimore County, a short distance beyond the northern boundary of the city. It is known as “Oak Hall,” and was the centre of unbounded hospitality during its occupancy by its highly respected owner, as well as that of his son-in-law, the late Colonel William M. Boone. The above property, which was acquired by Mr. Kennedy through his wife, had been in the posses- sion of the Jenkins family for many years. Through his munificence St. Ann’s Church, near his residence, was constructed, he also donating the land on which it stands. It was called St. Ann’s in deference to the wishes of Mrs. Kennedy. Mr. Kennedy died, as already mentioned, in October, 1873, after two years of ill health. A solemn Requiem Mass was celebrated at the Cathedral, by Rev. B. J. McManus, and the venerable building was thronged with the sympathizing friends of the deceased. A touching and beautiful funeral address was delivered by Bishop Gibbons, the present Archbishop of Baltimore. Though engaged in extensive enterprises, and having hundreds of employees under him, Mr. Kennedy devoted a large portion of his time to the interests of the Catholic Church, of which he was a devout member. He wasa man of strict integrity of character, whose word was his bond. He possessed great Christian charity, and dispensed aid to worthy objects with a liberal hand. Mr. Kennedy com- manded universal respect, and his death occasioned wide- spread grief. His benevolence and Christian virtues will be perpetuated in the memories of men, by the stately church of St. Ann, and the recollection of his charitable deeds cannot soon pass from the minds of his numerous beneficiaries, Mr. Kennedy had two children, one of whom was .Mrs. Richard Cromwell, deceased, the other Mrs. William M. Boone, whose husband’s biography ap- pears in this volume. » ae James GARLAND, D.D., was born in Al- a WW : bemarle County, Virginia, January 6, 1798, and power" -was educated at Hampden Sidney College, in i. Prince Edward County, under the Presidency of Dr. p Moses Hoge. After his death, in 1820, he contin- ued and completed his theological studies at Princeton Theological Seminary, in New Jersey; was licensed to preach by the Hanover Presbytery in 1822, and ordained at Charlottesville in 1825. He commenced his ministry in Hanover County, Virginia, in Pole Green Church edifice, the original ecclesiastical organization of which had become extinct. His labors there resulted in the re-gathering of a church, which exists to this date. In 1826 he was called to and settled in the Presbyterian Church at Fayetteville, North Carolina, and while there married Miss Olivia BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Murry, of New York, September 18, 1827. This lady died April 14, 1829. His health failing at this time, Dr. Hamner retired from the charge of that church, until August, 1830, when having recovered he was called to the church in Frederick City, and remained there until June, 1833. On December 9, 1830, he was married to Miss Jane McElderry, of Baltimore, who died August 8, 1871. In June, 1833, at his own request, he was dismissed from the church in Frederick, Maryland, by the Presbytery of Baltimore, and commenced a new enterprise in that city, which resulted in the organization of a Fifth Presbyterian Church, by that Presbytery, in October of that year, he being installed the first pastor. In 1852 he was released from his pastorate, in consequence of impaired health, leaving a membership of between three hundred and four hundred persons. For the three following years he was wholly disabled from preaching, until, in 1855, having re- cuperated, he was invited to preach in a Congregational Chitrch which had just been completed in New Haven, Connecticut. Here he remained for ten months, having in that lime organized a church of about one hundred communicants, and then retired because they were unable to extinguish the heavy debt on the building. From that date Dr. Hamner preached as a self-directed evangelist, until 1860, when he was installed pastor of the Presbyte- rian Church in Newark, New Jersey. In 1861 he with- drew from that charge, in consequence of the political agitation of the country; since which time he has been laboring wherever Divine Providence has opened the way before him, his residence all the while being in the city of Baltimore. His health is excellent for an octogenarian, and he still preaches with unction and success, as he has done through his ministerial life. He is a learned divine, and has been an eminent revivalist. pyr ess Honorasx Levi D., was born on Tay- j ie lor’s Island, Dorchester County, Maryland, No- vember 21, 1828. His parents were Levi D. and e+ Prudence ( (Speiiden Travers. His father was aman of excellent character, a merchant and planter, and oe life took an active part in county and State affairs. He was several times an unsuccessful candidate for public office, as the Democratic party, to which he belonged, was then greatly in the minority. The first of the family of this name in Maryland was Henry Travers, who came from England and settled in Dorchester County. He was an educated man, and highly esteemed asateacher. He held the office of « Lordship Justice,” in the colony of Mary- land, and took an active interest in militia service, passing through the several ranks from captain to colonel. Be- tween the years 1750 and 1770 he was a member of the Colonial Legislature. The early educational advantages of the subject of this sketch were excellent. He studied BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. at the best schools in Dorchester and Baltimore, and then entered Dickinson College. Having inherited a good es- tate under his father’s will, he left college at the age of eighteen, began farming and otherwise devoted himself to the interests of his estate. On attaining his majority he married his cousin, the only child of his uncle, W. D. Travers. Previous to his marriage his mind was greatly exercised on the subject of the ministry in the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he was a member. His love for his cousin and his worldly interests induced a compro- mise, and instead of entering the itinerant work, he ac- cepted a local preacher’s license, which, while giving him authority to preach, left him free to attend to his secular concerns. In due time he was ordained, first as a local deacon, and then as a local elder. He is connected with the Southern Church, and is devoted to its interests. He is studious, possesses much literary taste, and is especially interested in the pursuit of theological acquirements. Mr. Travers has been twice elected Judge of the Orphans’ Court for Dorchester, and on a vacancy occurring in the office of Chief Justice in his second term as Associate Justice, the Governor of the State appointed him to the position. Whether as associate or chief he made a most faithful public servant. He allowed nothing to interfere with the discharge of his duties. The emoluments of his office were very small. In the autumn of 1877 he was appointed by the Circuit Court one of the three Commis- sioners of Public Schools, and was immediately chosen President of the Board. At the Legislative session in 1878 he was elected one of the Chaplains of the Senate, and gave much satisfaction. Judge Travers leads a busy life, managing with great care and profit his estate, which is one of the largest in the county, and serving others in the discharge of the offices of Administrator and Trustee in Chancery, and for insolvent debtors; together with his ministerial labors, which are very effective in promoting the prosperity of his own denomination, and carrying light and instruction to sections where they are needed. DC vie ALFRED, M.D., was born at Wheeling, i ° Virginia, September 16, 1824. Among his ances- fs tors have been some remarkable and illustrious * men. His great-grandfather, Felix Hughes, was a “native of Ireland. He was a devout Catholic, and left the land of his birth to find the religious freedom that he was there denied. Coming to this country he settled in Loudon County, Virginia, in 1732. He had four sons, one of whom, James, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, married a Miss Dunn, of Jefferson County, Virginia, in 1772, and was among the first white settlers of Greene County, Pennsylvania, then a part of Virginia. At his death he owned large tracts of land in that State, in Kentucky, and what is now Indiana; he left three sons 43 -native South. 333 and five daughters, his oldest child being then only nine- teen years of age. His youngest child but one, Thomas, was born and raised in what is now Greene County Penn- sylvania, and in early life married Mary Odenbaugh, who resided near Winchester, in that State. She was the daughter of an exile from his native country, a descendant of a noble family, who in his youth had been prepared for the practice of the German civil law. They shortly after- wards removed to Wheeling, Virginia, and had seven sons and three daughters. He served under General Harrison in the war of 1812, and died in 1849. He had been Treasurer of the city of Wheeling, and member of the City Council for thirty-two years; President of a bank, Fire Insurance Company, and the Suspension Bridge Company; and was indeed one of the most prominent and esteemed business men of Wheeling. His oldest liv- ing son was chosen to fill his place in the City Council, and held the position until a year previous to his death in 1870. His seventh child was the subject of this sketch. He received a regular collegiate education, studied medi- cine and graduated at the Homceopathic Medical College of Philadelphia. On November 1, 1849, he married Mary Kirby Adrian, of Wheeling, a descendant of the Sedgwick family, of Maryland, who settled in that State in the early part of the seventeenth century. In 1851 he began the practice of homceopathy at Wheeling, where he had to en- counter considerable opposition. Frequent unsuccessful attempts had been made to establish the new system in that city. Of those who essayed the task and failed, two practitioners were from Philadelphia and one from Balti- more. Popular prejudice and the bitter opposition of the old school were too much for all of them, and their defeat rendered victory more difficult for their successor. Dr. Hughes, however, after a hard fight and many newspaper controversies succeeded in vindicating the advantages of the homeeopathic practice. When the cholera made its appearance in 1854 he labored almost constantly, night and day, being the only homceopathic physician in the city, and meeting with almost unprecedented success in his treatment of the fearful scourge, then in epidemic form. Homeopathy was then firmly established, he soon built up a large and lucrative practice, and now Wheeling, in place of one, has several new-school practitioners. On the out- break of the civil war, when the first gun was fired at Charleston, his sympathies were enlisted in behalf of his When Virginia seceded he engaged in newspaper political controversies, and became correspond- ent for the Baltimore Exchange. He was arrested for disloyalty in 1861, and was held a prisoner at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, for nearly eight months, when he was specially exchanged for a brother of Dr. Pancoast, of Philadelphia, captured at Bleunnery Gap, Virginia, and a prisoner at Salisbury, North Carolina. On his way to Rich- mond, with his wife and three children, he stayed in Balti- more, reporting to General Schenck, to whom he had letters 334 from Judge Galloway, of Columbus. Alone he went to Washington, and obtained a permit to take his wife and children to Richmond. On the steamer in which they sailed for Fortress Monroe were several distinguished Federal Generals, among them General Thomas, who rendered them great service in getting through their extensive bag- gage, consisting of some thirteen trunks, at a time when scarcely a bundle was permitted to go by a flag-of-truce boat. After landing at City Point, and going through the formalities of exchange, he proceeded with his family to Richmond. At Petersburg he was arrested ona general suspicion created by the amount of his baggage, and it was not until dispatches had been received from two of his friends in Richmond, Judge Brockenbrough and Honora- ble Charles W. Russell, vouching for his loyalty to the South, that he and his trunks were permitted to proceed. Their arrival in Richmond caused quite a sensation, the unusual amount of baggage giving rise to a report that he was a Commissioner of Peace sent by the United States Government clothed with full power to end the war. This caused him to be much lionized for the time. He at once settled down into practice, and again had to fight homce- opathy’s battle against bitter prejudice and stubborn op- position. Once more he succeeded in establishing the system and secured an excellent practice. After awhile he was elected to the Legislature of Virginia, of which he remained a member till the fall of Richmond. He was a warm advocate of the enlistment of slaves in the Southern ranks. Among his patients during and since the war was the wife of General Robert E. Lee. On December 18, 1865, he removed from Richmond to Baltimore, where he soon established himself in a good and lucrative practice. He is one of the first physicians of Baltimore. Dr. Hughes is an occasional contributor to the American Homeopathic Observer. We has had ten children, of whom are living five sons and three daughters, and seven grandchildren. His eldest son, a graduate in law of the Virginia University, is a practicing lawyer in Baltimore. His eldest daughter was married in 1869 to W. P. Moncure, of Stafford County, Virginia, son of Judge Moncure, of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. His second daughter was married in 1877 to Frank A. Bond, Adjutant-General of the State of Maryland, and an officer in the Confederate States Army of Northern Virginia. The family connections of Dr. Hughes are widely extended through Virginia, West Virginia, and a part of Kentucky. h A We sine ILGHMAN, Noau James, Machinist and Inventor, was the son of John and Polly (Truitt) Tilghman, -p""" and was born in 1828, in Worcester County, Mary- bp land. The ancestors of the family were English and came to this country about the year 1700. Mr. Tilghman was brought up on his father’s farm, and was Se BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. obliged to work hard from his earliest recollection. He attended a country school one month each winter for three years after he had reached the age of seven, which was all the schooling he ever received. Having a great desire for knowledge he improved every opportunity for reading and study. When only ten years of age he was put to the hard work of the farm. But his tastes and inclinations were all for machinery and mechanical labors, and his genius in that direction was displayed in various ways during his boyhood. At twenty-one he worked a few months with his brother at carpentering, then at the wheelwright busi- ness for two years. This he followed by nearly two years in a carriage-shop In 1854 he became a partner in a steam saw-mill; no one was sent with the mill to put it up, and he set it up himself. After that he was employed by a number of parties to set up steam saw-mills in the county. He sold his interest in the mill and removed in 1856 to West Virginia, on Cheat River, Tucker County, where he leased a water-power mill for a term of years. He had hardly commenced work before the mill was de- stroyed by fire ; he rebuilt it at his own expense, but before it was quite finished it was again burned. He had neg- lected to insure it, and his loss left him too poor for further attempts. He obtained employment for a few months as machinist of the Rollsburg Lumber and Iron Company, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, after which he went to Salem, Marion County, Illinois. He there purchased a quantity of hickory wood, which he made into felloes for wagons, and sold in St. Louis, receiving for it Missouri money, which soon after, on the breaking out of the war, was nearly worthless. He went to Indiana in 1861, where he found his money worth only five cents on the dollar. He here engaged as an architect, and built houses on contract; he had in 1851 become a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was in this place licensed asa local preacher. In March, 1863, he returned to Maryland and set up at Tyaskin, Wicomico County, the mill now owned by himself. From that time the tide, which had seemed so against him, turned in his favor; everything he laid his hand to prospered ; the last fifteen years of his life have been a continued suc- cess. He engaged in a general lumber business, shipping to Baltimore, in which, as in all his other business, he has been remarkably free from accidents. He also continued the exercise of his mechanical genius, and has had several valuable patents issued to him. He is highly regarded in the community. In his church he has been greatly honored and has served in every Jay office. Public office he has never desired. At Marseilles, Indiana, in 1862, he joined the Masonic Lodge, No. 7. He is now Grand Inspector of Wicomico County, appointed by the Grand Lodge of the State of Maryland. He is also a member of the Order of Odd Fellows and of the Good Templars. Mr. Tilghman now owns four hundred and fifty acres of and in two good farms. He has been twice a widower, having married in 1850 Hennie Colburn, of Worcester County, and in 1853, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Mary E. White, daughter of Samuel Q. White. His present wife was Mrs. Carrie P. McAllen, of Snow Hill, whom he married in 1871. WeelNTHICUM, Joun L., son of John M. and Mary A. a § Linthicum, was born in Frederick County, Mary- “jas land, March 12, 1838. He entered the classical a academy at Middletown, Maryland, at the age of twelve, and continued his studies until twenty years of age. He intended on leaving school to apply himself to the study of law, but his father dying shortly after, his plans were frustrated and his attention was directed to mercan- tile pursuits. In the year 1866 he was elected by the Re- publican party to the House of Delegates. The new Con- stitution framed and adopted in 1867 provided for an elec- tion: for members of the Legislature in the fall of that year, when he was again unanimously nominated by his party, but the whole ticket was defeated by the Democratic party, he, however, leading his ticket. He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee continuously from 1867 to 1877, when he resigned, in obedience to the order of President Hayes, prohibiting government officers from taking part in political conventions. In 1872 he was elected by the Republican State Convention, a Delegate to the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, which renominated President Grant. In May, 1873, he was appointed by Collector Booth, Manager of the United States Public Store at the Port of Baltimore, which position he held until January 1, 1875, when he was appointed by President Grant as United States Appraiser, which office he still retains. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since his boyhood. Howard, was born December 17, 1797. Not Bio James, fifth son of Colonel John Eager 4 having adopted any particular profession, he was > called to a number of positions of importance in the community. He was one of the first Presidents of the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad Company ; President of the Franklin Bank, etc. He died March 19, 1870. i CNEAL, Hon. James Hector, eldest son of oy q James and Sarah (Robinson) McNeal, was born e near Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, January 20, 1807. His father was born January 1, 1774, and died in Talbot County, July 11, 1822. His mother was born March 7, 1775, and died January 2, 1838. 335 His grandfather, Archibald McNeal, was born in the County of Antrim, Ireland, and emigrated to Talbot County in 1774. Shortly after his arrival he married Mary Harrison, an estimable lady of Virginia. Hector McNeal, the father of Archibald, is supposed to have been a native of Scotland, a resident of Leith, and the author of a volume of poems. The subject of this biography had many obstacles and disadvantages to contend with in securing an education, his parents possessing only limited means, and having eight other children. He attended school only during the winter months, but being fond of books, and having a good memory, he spent all the time he could obtain in reading and study, discouragements serving only to stimulate him in the pursuit of knowledge. At a very early age, he was compelled to discontinue school altogether, and remain at home to help support the family. When his father died, in 1822, though the subject of this sketch was only fifteen years of age, he was obliged to assume still greater responsibilities. But his energy and courage were unfaltering, and in great measure he main- tained the family. In time his sisters married, and he with a younger brother were left alone with his mother, to whom he was devoted. He then went to Baltimore, where he found employment in a shoe house, but in a few years returned to be with his mother, who was in declining health. She died soon after, and also his brother. Mr. McNeal was married, September 18, 1838, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Bullen) Binney. Her father, a farmer, was born January 5, 1777, and died October 7, 1826. Her mother was born April 15, 1781. She lived a consistent Christian life, and died at Mount Hope, the old homestead, November 19, 1847. After his marriage, Mr. McNeal engaged in mercantile pursuits in Easton, and by economy and attention to business, became sufficiently successful to enable him to invest advantage- ously in town property. On the death of his mother-in- law, his wife inherited the Binney family estate, to which he removed, and purchasing additional land, began the work of improvement, changing, building, and rebuilding till he had satisfied his own ideas of fitness and beauty, and made the place the admiration of the neighborhood. He became at this time, also, a slave-owner, besides hiring labor from time ta time as needful. With the aid of both, he successfully managed the entire estate. At a public sale of slaves in Easton, in 1839, Mr. McNeal was induced by the entreaties of an old colored woman, owned by a gentleman in the community, to purchase her husband, that he might not be sold South. Before many months she had persuaded him to buy her also. He built for them a small house on the farm, where they lived for many years until her death, and well repaid him with their faithful service. Their three sons, emancipated by the civil war, entered the Federal Army, in which they bravely served till the close of the struggle. They then went North ta live, but occasionally returned to see those with 336 whom they had lived solong. Their father, now very aged and gray, is still living. In the discussion of the slavery question, then agitating the country, Mr. McNeal was, of course, deeply interested, being himself a slave-owner; but his eyes were blinded by no small self-interest, and when the rebellion was fully inaugurated, he was among the few in the county who stood with devotion and un- wavering firmness on the side of his country. In 1864 he was elected to the Legislature of Maryland, of which he was a useful member. He was not conspicuous as a pub- lic speaker, but occupied positions on several important committees, and introduced and aided the passage of sev- eral of the best laws of the State. In 1865 he was elected to the Senate, and there labored zealously in the‘interests of the Commonwealth, amid the excitement and danger of that period of her history. He was again returned to the Senate in 1866. For the year 1864, and the two years following, he was appointed Collector of State and County Charges, after which he retired from public life. He had in the meantime erected a handsome house adjoining the Mount Hope estate, to which he now removed with his family, and enjoyed through the short remainder of his life all the comforts of a delightful rural home. He died, after a brief illness, on Christmas day, 1868, in his sixty-first year. His wife survived him nearly two years, her death occurring November 16, 1870. TEVENS, B. GooTeEr, Merchant, son of Gootee and Elizabeth Stevens, was born in Caroline a County, Maryland, August 5, 1837. He attended t a subscription school from his eighth to his thirteenth year, his father paying sixty cents per month for his tuition. His vacations were employed upon the farm. He early showed a strong inclination toward an active business life, and but for his decided preference in this direction, his education would have been longer continued and thorough. He was engaged in his father’s steam saw- mill for three years, after which at the age of twenty years he went into a store at Potter’s Landing, where he continued another three years. Returning to the mill he remained one year, when he again resumed in the same store the occupation of clerk. At twenty years of age he took charge of the steam saw-mill for one year on his own account. In 1858, having attained his majority, he entered upon the general mercantile business at Potter’s Landing, in which he has continued to the present time, covering a period of twenty years. He commenced upon a capital of three hundred dollars advanced by his father, and has had good success, being now a large dealer in dry- goods, groceries, saddles, harness, stoves, wheelwright and blacksmith materials, which he purchases in large quantities in Baltimore and Philadelphia. He is also an extensive dealer in grain, fertilizers, and lumber, and is BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the owner of a large schooner, in which he sends to market large quantities of ship-timber, railroad ties, and cord- wood. Though he has had dealings with thousands, he never gave a note in his life, never borrowed a dollar, never had a lawsuit, and never was before a court. He was once before a magistrate as a witness for a neighbor. He has never used intoxicating spirits, and never held a public office, though often solicited to do so. He is a Republican, and was a Unionist through all the civil war. In religion he is a Methodist, having been trained in that Church, and always greatly attached to it. He was mar- ried in 1857 to Mary Virginia, daughter of Colonel A. J. Willis, of Caroline County. Six of their seven children are living. In 1866, upon a piece of land given him by his father-in-law, Mr. Stevens erected a handsome resi- dence, which cost him about ten thousand dollars. He owns two hundred acres of very fine land, besides his estate of one hundred and six acres at Potter’s Landing. Coan nD (Wey NSON, RicHarp, Lawyer, was born January 20, DY ( 1821, at Deer Park, or Poplar Grove, the resi- a dence of his father, in St. Paul’s Parish, Kent i County, Maryland. He is the son of Thomas t Bowers and Ann (Dunn) Hynson, and through his great-grandmother, Wealthy Ann (Tilden) Hynson, is lineally descended from Marmaduke Tilden, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. His paternal ancestor, Thomas Hynson, was an early settler, and for several years and at different times the Clerk and High Sheriff of Kent County, Maryland. His mother, Mrs. Ann (Dunn) Hynson, was descended from an old and distinguished family of the same county. Mr. Hynson received a classi- cal education in his native county, and finished his course of study at the Academy at Chester, Pennsylvania, during the Presidency of Dr. William Dubois. After which he studied law with his relative, Judge John B. Eccleston, of Chestertown, and in the office of Hon. George Vickers. He was admitted to the bar of Kent County in September Term, 1843, is now in the enjoyment of a lucrative practice, and occupies a leading and distinguished position at the bar in Kent County. Since the year 1850 he has been the Treasurer of the Chester Bridge Company. He was the Treasurer and Solicitor of the Kent County Railroad Company from its organization in 1866 to the year 1874; and in 1875 was appointed the Trustee of a large majority of the bondholders of this company. He has been the Attorney and Solicitor of the Kent National Bank at Chestertown since it became a National Bank in 1865. At the last session, of 1877-78, he was appointed by the Legislature of Maryland one of the Managers of the House of Correction of Maryland. In early manhood he belonged to the Whig party, and since its disbandment in 1856 has been a Conservative Democrat. In religion he BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. is an Episcopalian. He married, December 7, 1843, Caralene Louisa Marsh, a niece of Judge John B. Eccles- ton, and a daughter of Elias and Mary Louisa (Eccleston) Marsh, of Philadelphia, and has four children living, Augusta Eccleston Hynson, Caralene Louisa Hynson, Mariane Hynson, and Richard Dunn Hynson. parents were George Madison and Georgiana (Reinagle) Davis. His father was formerly of New York city. Mr. Davis is descended from Major Matthew Davis, an officer in the Revolutionary army, and from Captain John Sanford, who was with Washington at Valley Forge. On his mother’s side, he is descended from the Dupont family of France and the MacNeils of Ireland. His maternal grandfather was Alexander Reinagle, of England. He was educated at Washington, and attained to special proficiency in the languages and mathematics. In 1848 he entered the banking house of R. W. Latham & Co., where he remained about two years. His health failing here, he resigned his position and went to Bel Air, Maryland, where he resumed his studies under the direc- tion of Dr. Edwin Arnold. In 1851 he re-entered the banking business with his step-grandfather, Lewis John- son, in Washington city. With this firm, which bears the name of Lewis Johnson & Co., Private Bankers, he has ever since been connected, and is now at the head of the business. He spent part of the years 1863-64 in Europe. From 1871 to 1878 Mr. Davis was one of the Sinking Fund Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and for the last two years was President of the Board. In this capacity, his official duties have been so discharged as to win for him the unqualified approbation of: his fellow-citi- zens. Though still young, he has established a character for integrity, energy, and sagacity, that does not fail of its proper recognition, and places him by common consent at the head of many important enterprises for the public good. He was the first to set on foot the citizens’ move- ment of 1877-78. It was admirably conducted, and re- sulted, largely through the personal efforts of Mr. Davis, in securing from Congress for the people of the District the great measure of equity embodied in the act providing a permanent form of government for the District of Colum- bia. These services have been highly appreciated. Mr. Davis is a Director of the Children’s Hospital, of the Labor Exchange, and the Epiphany Church Home, and is also the Treasurer of two of these institutions. In musical matters he has always been greatly interested, and was at one time President of the Choral Society of Washington. In religious faith he is an Episcopalian, and has been for years a member of the Epiphany Church, of which he is yyvs Lewis JoHNson, Banker, was born in Wash- D ington, District of Columbia, July 21, 1834. His 337 now the Senior Warden. He is neutral in politics. In 1864 he was united in marriage with Margaret Jane, eldest daughter of Charles M. Keller, a distinguished patent lawyer of New York city. PLATT D N r A BIOMAS, HonoraB_e PHILIP FRANCIS, was born at ZAI Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, and was edu- $e cated at the Easton Academy, and Dickinson Col- Q lege, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1831. He was elected as a Democrat to the House of Delegates in 1838. In the following year he was elected to the Twenty-sixth Con- gress from his district, composed of Talbot, Queen Anne’s, Caroline, Kent, and Cecil counties. The late Senator, Jathes Alfred Pearce, was the Whig candidate. Mr. Thomas served through that Congress and was renomin- ated to the Twenty-seventh Congress, but declined to be a candidate, and resumed the practice of the law. He was twice afterwards elected a member of the House of Dele- gates from Talbot County. In 1847 he was nominated by a Democratic convention a candidate for Governor, elected, and served a term of three years, retiring in 1851. In 1851 he was nominated and elected Comptroller of the Treasury, an office created by the Constitution of 1851. He resigned that office in 1853, and accepted the office of Col- lector of Customs of the Port of Baltimore, under the ad- ministration of President Pierce, and served during that Presidential term. Mr. Thomas was offered the place of Governor of Utah Territory during the Mormon war, by President Buchanan, but declined to accept it. Subse- quently he was offered the office of Treasurer of the United States by President Buchanan, vice Casey, deceased, but declined it. He was soon after appointed Commissioner of Patents, and continued in that office until December, 1860, when he was appointed by President Buchanan Secretary of the Treasury, resigning that office in January, 1861. Mr. Thomas was again elected to the House of Delegates in 1866, and during the session of that year was elected to the Senate of the United States, but was refused admission, and finally rejected February 19, 1868, for alleged dis- loyalty. He was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress and served through that term. He is now a member of the House of Delegates. a BALL, REUBEN Jamrs Hooper, M.D., was born July yy at 9, 1843, at Tobacco Stick, Dorchester County, ‘%¢ Maryland. His father, Levin W. Tall, and his “) mother, Mary (Harrington) Tall, were natives of the same county. They had six children, two sons and four daughters, of whom Reuben was the youngest. Their first-born, Lake Tall, died in Philadelphia, at the 338 age of twenty-eight years, leaving a wife and two children. His parents removed to Baltimore when the subject of this sketch was but eighteen months old. He attended the public schools of that city until he was fourteen years of age, when the family returned to Dorchester County. He continued his studies in his native town until he was six- teen, and was then appointed teacher of the school. While employed in that capacity he began the study of medicine. He went to Baltimore, and entered the University of Mary- land, where he graduated. Having attended two courses of lectures, he commenced the practice of medicine in Bal- timore in 1865, and has prosecuted it with much success ever since. When twenty-four years of age he married Miss Mollie C. Blake, daughter of J. W. Blake, Esq., of Baltimore, April 14, 1869. They have one son, Harry B, Tall. Dr. Tall is not a member of any religious denomina- tion, but his views and inclinations are Methodistic. In politics he has always been a Democrat. Be osres ance HONORABLE WILLIAM, was born in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, in 1775. He =a” studied law at Annapolis in company with Chief & Justice Taney; located at Centreville, and for thirty years engaged successfully in the practice of his pro- fession. He was regarded as one of the most prominent lawyers of Maryland. He was a member of the Mary- land Senate from 1816 to 1821. In 1830, he retired from the practice of law and devoted his time to farming, until his death, which occurred in 1853. He was married in 1803 to Miss Sarah Downes, daughter of Edward Downes, Esq., a prominent farmer of Queen Anne’s County, who died in 1817, leaving two daughters and one son, the Hon- orable Richard Bennett Carmichael. In the “ Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney, D.D.,” by Tyler, Judge Taney thus speaks of Mr. Carmichael: “I have always deemed it a fortunate circumstance that William Carmichael, of the Eastern Shore of this State, came to Annapolis to read law while I was there. We became intimate friends, and roomed together for a year. We read in different offices, but we read the same books, and at the same time; and every night we talked over the reading of the day and the principles of law it established, and the distinctions and qualifications to which they were subject. We did not talk for victory, but for mutual information, and neither of us felt or was entitled to feel any superiority of genius or information over the other. He afterward became emi- nent at the bar; but inheriting, by the death of his father, a large landed estate, and attached to a country life, he gradually withdrew from the profession, and finally, while he was yet in the prime of life, abandoned it altogether and devoted himself to the pursuits of agriculture. He died a few months ago. The friendship formed between us when students continued unbroken and undiminished BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to the hour of his death; and I could not write my biog- raphy without recording our early associations, nor can I introduce his name without expressing the cordial friend- ship I entertained for him. He was a frank, manly, and high-minded gentleman.” ‘ G ARMICHAEL, HonoraBLE RICHARD BENNETT, Ms Jr., Farmer and Legislator, was born in Talbot County, Maryland, July 2, 1836. He is the son of Honorable Richard B. Carmichael, of Queen Anne’s p County, Maryland, a prominent Lawyer, Jurist, and Legislator. Mr. Carmichael was educated at the Univer- sity of Virginia, and has devoted his time principally to farming in Queen Anne’s County. He is a Democrat in politics, and was a member of the State Conventions of 1869 and 1873. In 1877 he was elected to the House of Delegates, receiving the largest majority received by any member from that county since the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment. ATHELL, DANIEL WEBSTER, M.D., the fourth son I of Colonel Levi Cathell, was born in Worcester = County, Maryland, in November, 1839. His pa- re rents, descended from the earliest settlers of the { Eastern Shore of Maryland, removed to Baltimore when he was but four years of age. His education was ac- quired at the public grammar and high schools, after which he took a private course at Loyola College. On completing his education, failing to find an occupation suited to his tastes, he took a trip to New Orleans, where he secured an excellent situation, but becoming tired of the South, he returned to Baltimore, and thence again to Worcester County, where he engaged in milling with his brother James, until the commencement of the civil war. Then, having strong Union sentiments, he quit business and assisted in forming the Purnell Legion of Union Vol- unteers, from which he never separated until disabled by wounds received at the battle of Antietam. After conva- lescing from these wounds, he was sent to attend upon some sick and wounded men at the Brigade Hospital. While there his untiring energy in attending to his duties attracted the attention of the attending surgeon, under whose advice and tutelage he commenced the study of medicine, using Wilson’s Anatomy as his only textbook. Soon afterward he was sent to assist Surgeon Cadden in organizing West’s Buildings Hospital, at Baltimore, where for six months he availed himself of rare chances for study within its wards and dead-house. Having thus prepared himself, he left the army and continued his studies under the preceptorial care of Professor Nathan R. Smith, meanwhile attending a BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. course of lectures at the University of Maryland. He re- mained under Professor Smith for twelve months, when, by advice, he went to New York, matriculated in Balti- more Hospital, and attended a clinical course upon auscultation and percussion in its hospital wards by Pro- fessor Austin Flint, and one on military surgery and frac- tures by Professor Frank H. Hamilton. He then proceeded to Brooklyn, and after placing himself under the celebrated Professor A. J. Skene, took a very complete course of lec- tures at Long Island Medical College, where he graduated in 1865, ranking second in a class of fifty-three. After graduating he returned at once to Baltimore and began practice on North Exeter Street, in a section where he was al- ready favorably known. He entered upon an excellent prac- tice almost at the start. Besides laboring assiduously for the welfare of the thousands who have since confided to his medical skill, he has ever striven to guard the general interests of his profession. He assisted in creating the Baltimore Medical Association, the Epidemiological So- ciety, and the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore, also the Alumni Association of the Brooklyn College, in all of which he has held various offices of trust and honor. He was a member of the Library Board of the State Medi- cal Faculty that established its Journal Department. He was a Delegate to the National Convention to revise the United States Pharmacopeeia. He is a member of the Alumni Association of the College of Physicians and Sur- geons; a member of the American Medical Association ; has been eleven times delegated to represent various medi- cal societies at its annual sessions; and is also an honored member of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. He accepted the appointment of Surgeon to the Eighth Regiment Maryland National Guard, at its organization, and served as such during its whole career; also that of Examining Surgeon United States pensioners. Lack of time has prevented him from accepting many other posi- tions tendered him. In May, 1873, he accepted the posi- tion of Professor of Pathology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore ; but after lecturing for a few years was compelled to withdraw for lack of time to attend to the duties of that position. The College Faculty, upon re- ceiving his resignation, at once elected him one of the Board of Visitors of the college. He has also during his entire professional career been a constant worker in the different medical societies, and has contributed liberally to medical literature. He has been preceptor to a number of medical students, to each of whom he has taught both medicine and industry. He is the donor of the massive gold medals bearing the inscription: ** Detur Digniori,” one of which is annually bestowed, at the commencement of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, upon the student who gradu- ates with most credit. This, the “ Cathell Prize,” is in- tended to create a spirit of emulation among the students, and thus lead to deeper study. Besides being ever ready to give his own services to the meritorious poor, free of 339 charge, he has been very active in organizing public medi- cal charities. He was the originator of the People’s Special Dispensary, in which, free of charge, he attended all pa- tients suffering with throat, lung, and heart diseases. He was also one of the founders of the Central Free Dis- pensary, which annually gives attendance and medicines to about ten thousand patients. He was one of the fore- most in establishing the Maryland Lying-In Asylum. Dr. Cathell has merited and achieved great success in his pro- fession. on CHARLES SYLVESTER, D.D.S., was GC born in Baltimore, Maryland, July 8, 1849. He is descended from one of the oldest and most re- 4) spect families of Maryland, the founder of the American branch having been a ward of Lord Balti- more, whom he accompanied on his voyage to America, in the capacity of secretary, and finally settled in St. Mary’s County, which continued to be the place of resi- dence of his descendants, until Dr. John Grindall, great grandfather of the subject of this sketch, removed to Har- ford County, where he became an extensive land-holder. His son, John Gibson Grindall, resided on the large estate, near Bel Air, Harford County, bequeathed him by his father, and became noted for his hospitality and genial and generous disposition. During the war of 1812 ~15, he formed one of a band of one hundred volunteers, raised in the county, for the protection of the city of Bal- timore, and was present and did good service at the battle of Bladensburg, after which he again retired to his resi- dence, and resumed his former mode of life. In conse- quence of losses sustained by indorsing notes for some of his friends, which he paid in full without attempting to take any advantage that the law afforded him, he decided to remove with his family to Ohio, then mostly a wilder- ness, and settled at the point selected as the site of the city of Circleville. His eldest son, John T. Grindall, remained in Maryland, and came to Baltimore from Ellicott’s Mills on the first train of cars ever run from that place. He entered into the iron and chemical business, in which he continued for many years, which he was forced to relin- quish on account of his health. He afterwards occupied himself in erecting buildings on lots which came into his possession by marriage. His name has been given to one of the streets in Baltimore. He married Eliza, daughter of Thomas Armstrong, an Irish Protestant, from County Tyrone. Charles Sylvester Grindall, son of John T. Grin- dall, was sent at an early age to a private school in his na- tive city. Some years later he entered St. Mary’s College, at Wilmington, Delaware, but leaving that institution be- fore graduating, he continued his studies at Loyola College, in Baltimore city, upon leaving which he assisted his father in business, Being desirous of studying for some 340 profession, he at first chose that of medicine, and took a partial course at the Maryland University. Having finally decided, however, to follow the dental profession, he re- ceived a course of instruction under the tuition of Dr. H. H. Keech, and entering the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, matriculated and had conferred upon him the de- gree of D.D.S. in February, 1873. The following April he began the practice of his profession. The same year he was elected a member of the Southern Dental Associa- tion, and was appointed, November 1, 1877, dentist to Woodstock College, a noted Jesuit institution near the city of Baltimore. By perseverance, professional skill, devo- tion to his profession and pleasing manners, Dr. Grindall has succeeded in acquiring a lucrative practice and taking a prominent place among his professional brethren. and Lawyer, of Salisbury, Maryland, was born in Tuscarora Valley, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, ¢ November 30, 1828. His parents, William and Martha Graham, were of Scotch-Irish descent, whose ancestors settled in Tuscarora Valley many years before the Declaration of Independence. The first sermon preached in that valley was by a Presbyterian minister at the house of John Graham, the Colonel’s great-grandfather, who was an Elder of that denomination; and a warm at- tachment for that Church has been a characteristic of the family ever since. Both his grandfathers, William Gra- ham and William Patterson, participated in the war of the Revolution. In 1834 the Colonel’s father, who was a farmer, settled in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and in 1840, for the purpose of educating his children, estab- lished himself in Carlisle. Samuel A. graduated at Dick- inson College in the summer of 1849, and wishing to be- come self-supporting as soon as possible, immediately after took a school at Landisburg, and in April, 1850, took charge of the Academy in Salisbury, Maryland, the town in which he has had his residence ever since. While teaching he studied law, was admitted to practice in 1856, and met with immediate success. In 1859 he was elected State’s Attorney for Somerset County for the term of four years. Before the expiration of his term of office the war of the Rebellion broke out, and he raised a company and enlisted in the Infantry Regiment of the Purnell Legion, September 15, 1861. At first the regiment was under the command of Colonel William H. Purnell, then that of Colonel William J. Leonard. After organization the regiment was sent to Virginia to guard the waters of Accomac and Northampton counties, and prevent block- nats COLONEL SAMUEL ALEXANDER, Soldier I ade running. In March the regiment was sent to Balti- more, and after the disastrous retreat of General Banks from Winchester it was sent to reinforce him, and was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. among the first that entered Winchester on the second ad- vance. When General Pope took command of the part of the army near the Rappahannock the regiment formed part of the Twelfth Army Corps, and took part in many skirmishes but no severe engagements. At Catlett’s Station, during a night raid by the Confederates, a number of the men were captured and Colonel Leonard taken prisoner, and held as such for several weeks. While so detained the regiment participated in the battle of Antietam, under General Mansfield, who was killed. Soon after his release Colonel Leonard resigned, and the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major both resigning soon afterwards Captain Graham was appointed Colonel. For some months the regiment was assigned guard duty, first at Frederick, then the Relay House, then Fort Delaware, then on the Potomac. In the spring of 1864 it was ordered to join the army under Gen- eral Grant, then fighting in the Wilderness. On arrival it was assigned to the Maryland Brigade, under Colonel Dushane, a part of the Second Division of the Fifth Army Corps. From the time of joining this corps there was al- most constant activity until the end of the service. Shady Grove Church, Cold Harbor, where Colonel Graham’s horse was shot, thence across the Chickahominy and the James River to Petersburg, where there was daily firing fora month, He was a witness of the blowing up of the Fort, July 30, 1864, with his regiment ready and expect- ing orders to charge, and while so waiting received a slight wound in the hand from a musket-ball. On August 18, the Fifth Corps took possession of the Weldon Railroad, at the Yellow House, and advanced towards Petersburg. They were soon met by the enemy and a severe engage- ment took place, in which one-third of Colonel Graham’s regiment were killed or wounded, but the corps was vic- torious. His horse was shot under him in the early part of the battle, and fell dead almost instantly. The fight was renewed daily the three following days, but the enemy were repulsed each time, and on the last day with im- mense slaughter. The Maryland Brigade suffered a severe loss in the death of Colonel Dushane, wha was killed by a cannon-ball near the close of the battle. The command of the brigade then devolved on Colonel Graham, which he retained until a short time before the expiration of the regi- ment’s term of enlistment. While in command of the Brigade no battles were fought, but a number of skirmishes and constant expectation of battle left but little time for rest. In October, 1864, the regiment was mustered out of service, and the Colonel returned home and resumed the practice of the law. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention in May, 1868, at which General Grant was nominated for his first Presidential term. He was ap- pointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the First Con- gressional District of Maryland, and entered upon the duties of the office May 1, 1869, and when the number of districts was reduced by consolidation, Colonel Graham was retained as Assessor of the new district, formed by BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. uniting the first and second, which position he retained until, by a change in the Internal Revenue Law, the office of assessor was abolished. Since that he ‘has held no office or political position, except that of Presidential Elector for the State of Maryland on the Republican ticket in 1876. He married, September 1, 1852, Miss Louisa A. Collier, of Wicomico County, Maryland, sister of Rev. Robert Laird Collier, a distinguished Unitarian divine. They have several children. The eldest, Joseph A. Gra- ham, is a member of the bar, and engaged with his father. in practice. The Colonel stands at the head of his pro- fession in his county, and has a large practice. He is a constant attendant and supporter of the Presbyterian Church. ye ATKINS, Rev. Witpur Fisk, A.M., was born é OA } in the city of Baltimore, July 9, 1836, his pa- rents, Thomas C. and Elizabeth A. Watkins, both being natives of the same place, the former being of English and the latter of German de- scent. They are still living. His father, a prominent merchant, was for many years at the head of the largest wholesale boot and shoe house in Baltimore, retiring from business in 1860. He was noted for great kindness of heart, liberality, and integrity. Mr. Watkins received his early education at the best private schools in his native city, and was prepared for college at Govanstown Academy in Baltimore County. His health becoming impaired by excessive study, he spent a year in the office of Thompson & Oudesluys, a large importing and commission house, acquiring there business habits of great benefit to him in after-life. In 1852 he entered - Dickinson College, at Car- lisle, Pennsylvania, and during his sojourn there, ranked with the highest scholars of his class; but his health again being impaired by severe application to his studies, he was obliged to leave at the beginning of the junior year. Pre- vious to his admission to college, he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which his parents were connected, and became a devout Christian, while at college being noted for strictness of opinions and habits. In order to regain his health, Mr. Watkins joined the Rev. John Poisal, D.D., a presiding elder of the Baltimore Conference, in his district among the mountains of Central Pennsylvania. While thus engaged, he rode many hun- dred miles on horseback, which exercise, combined with out-of-door life, completely restored his health. He became a licentiate of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and, at the age of eighteen years, was preaching as junior pastor in a large circuit. Having regained his health, he became desirous of returning to college in order to finish the course, but yielding to the pressure of ministerial friends, who thought him sufficiently well prepared for the ministry, he continued to preach, spending nearly two 44 341 years in Centre and Huntingdon counties, Pennsylvania, one year in Harford County, Maryland, and one year as Assistant Minister of the Charles Street Methodist Church, in Baltimore city. At the close of the year 1857, having decided to resume his studies, he entered the Methodist Theological Seminary, then located at Concord, New Hampshire, but since removed to Boston, where he re- mained two years. In the spring of 1859, he joined the New York East Conference, and was settled at Mamar- oneck, a beautiful village on the New Haven Railroad, near New York city, at which place he spent two years, the term of ministerial service allowed by the itinerant -system; after which he was settled successively in New York and Brooklyn, as pastor of the leading Methodist churches, and in the spring of 1869 he was called to the First Church in New Haven, Connecticut. At this time his mind became greatly exercised on the subject of the superior claims of the Protestant Episcopal Church, although for ten years previously the idea of changing to that Church had presented itself. In the year 1861 he had an interview on that subject with Bishop Potter, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of New York, but being unwilling to surrender the position of usefulness he held, and to rup- ture the associations of a lifetime, he could come to no decision in the matter at that time. Finally, however, he became convinced that it was his duty to make the change; his dislike to an itinerant ministry being also an induce- ment, besides which he preferred a Liturgical service, and was impressed with the value of a true Episcopal ordina- tion. These views gradually took shape, and in the sum- mer of 1870 he withdrew from the Methodist denomina- tion, and was confirmed in the Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop Williams, of Connecticut. He at once became a candidate for Holy Orders'in the diocese of Long Island, under his devoted friend, Bishop Littlejohn, spending six months of his candidateship in Knoxville, East Tennessee, where he officiated as Lay-reader in the Chapel of the Epiphany. On February 5, 1871, he was ordained a Dean by Bishop Littlejohn, in St. James’s Church, Brooklyn, and immediately assumed the duties of assistant minister of that church, having charge of St. Barnabas Chapel. The congregation increased very rap- idly under his ministry; lots were bought, and a beautiful and commodious chapel erected. On Trinity Sunday of the same year, Mr. Watkins was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Littlejohn. In the following’ winter, a tempo- rary loss of voice compelled him to cease preaching, and he made a trip to Nassau in the Bahamas, whence, after a few weeks’ sojourn, he returned entirely recovered. Im- mediately after his arrival in Brooklyn, he received a unanimous and urgent call to the Parish of the Epiphany in the city of Washington, D. C., the largest and most im- portant congregation there, and began his ministry at that church, April, 1872, where he remained until June, 1876, when he received and accepted a call to Christ Church, in 342 the city of Baltimore, of which he has since been the rector. In his religious views Mr. Watkins is what would be called a conservative churchman, holding evangelical views, but is not identified with either the High or Low Church party. As may be inferred from the many impor- tant positions which have been ably filled by him in his past career, he possesses in an eminent degree the essential qualifications of a successful, earnest, and eloquent preacher, affording in his own life a proof of his sincere belief in the principles of the Christian religion and of his attachment to them. In his private and domestic rela- tions, as well as in his public life, he gives daily evidence of having inherited the kindness of heart, liberality, and integrity, which distinguished his father. In 1860 Mr. Watkins married Miss Esther Griffen, daughter of Mr. Schureman Halsted, a retired merchant of New York, and has five children. SENNIS, Hon. James Upsuur, Lawyer and State Senator, was born in 1823, in Somerset County, are Maryland. His parents were John Upshur and r Maria (Robertson) Dennis. A full account of his ancestry is given in the sketch contained in this volume of his brother, Hon. George R. Dennis, M.D., United States Senator. James U. Dennis inherited the family talent, and has been kept almost constantly in office since the conclusion of his professional studies in 1845. He was educated at Princeton College, New Jersey, from which he graduated in 1842, after which he studied law in the office of the late William W. Handy, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. In the fall of the same year he was elected to the Legislature from Worcester County. In 1850 he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, and in 1855 to the office of State’s Attorney for Somerset County, where he has always resided, and where his family have lived for over two hundred years. In 1859 he was elected to the Legislature from the same county, and to the State Constitutional Convention in 1864. In 1876 he was elected State Senator from Somerset County for four years. Senator Dennis was married in 1846 to Cecilia B. Hooe, who died in 1861, leaving him three daughters, Nellie Hooe, Maria Robertson and Cecilia Bisco Dennis. In 1863 he married Mary Wilson Treakle, of Baltimore, by whom he has one son, James Treakle Dennis. The Dennis family brought with them to this country their strong attachment to the Church of England, which through all the generations they have retained, and Senator Dennis worships in the faith of his fathers. In the Senate, and as a member of the Democratic party, he is prominent, inde- pendent and outspoken, He is talented, and possessed of a high sense of honor. His great popularity and the con- fidence reposed in him is abundantly attested by the fact that he has been so long and so constantly retained in public life. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. TEWART, Hon. WILLIAM A., Lawyer, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, December 29, 1825. His ox parents, who are still living, at an advanced age, + both sprang from a hardy stock. His father’s ances- t tors emigrated from the North of Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century, while his mother is de- scended from one of the refugees from France, who, on account of religious persecution, fled to this country in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Branches of each family are numerous, and have representatives in nearly every Southern State of the Union. Mr. Stewart received his early education in the public and private schools of his native city, and afterwards pursued a thorough course at Baltimore College, which was then, and remained until recently, one of the departments of the University of Mary- land. Having chosen the profession of the law and pur- sued the preparatory studies, Mr. Stewart was, at an un- usually early age, admitted to practice by the Baltimore County Court, May 17, 1847. His success, assured from the first, has been due in great measure to the fact, that he has devoted the greater part of his time to his profession, and has never slighted it, or the labors attendant upon it, for other pursuits, in however attractive form they may have been presented. In the years 1849, 50, and 51 he was Chief Clerk of the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore, and in 1854, having in the interval been a mem- ber of the House of Delegates, he was chosen as Chief Clerk of the House of Delegates of Maryland. In the per- formance of his duties he gave general satisfaction, and his efficiency and uniform courtesy elicited the highest commendations from the correspondents of the daily press. In 1851 Mr. Stewart was elected a member of the House of Delegates from the city of Baltimore, and served in that body with great credit and acceptability during the two long sessions of 1852 and 1853, immediately subsequent to the adoption of a popular Constitution by the people of Maryland. The records of these two terms show him to have been one of the most active and efficient members, and although one of the youngest, he was regarded by his colleagues as one of the most useful and influential. Va- rious reports written by him at this time show the charac- ter of his mind, and the high moral tone which pervaded his course as a Legislator, among which reports may be mentioned that on the claims of the Nanticoke Indians, and also that on the subject of an appropriation to the House of Refuge. In 1867, returning from a somewhat extended tour in Europe, Mr. Stewart was immediately elected again to the House of Delegates, and at the session of 1868 was chosen Speaker of that body. The following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted by the members at the close of the session, attest the estimation in which he was held by his colleagues : “ Resolved, That our sincere thanks are due, and they are hereby given to the Hon. William A. Stewart, Speaker of this House, for his kind and courteous deportment during S —— SSS SSG SEG | — BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. this session, to each and all of its members, and for the im- partial, remarkably able and dignified manner in which he has discharged the arduous duties of his high and respon- sible position. “ Resolved, That in the Hon. William A. Stewart, Speaker of this House, distinguished as he is for his integrity, ability, and patriotism, we recognize the true type of the Maryland statesman, and that knowing him to be as brave as he is true, able, and patriotic, we have every confidence that in whatever position he may be placed in the future, he will battle for the interest, honor, and sovereignty of our gallant, noble, and beloved commonwealth.” The above sentiments were echoed by the Annapolis press, giving to Mr. Stewart the most unqualified praise as he retired from the position he had so ably filled. In 1852, during the absence of the Consul, Mr. Stewart acted as Commercial Agent for the Republic of Venezuela, at the port of Baltimore. In 1858, under authority of the corpo- ration of Baltimore, he revised the ordinances, and di- gested the acts of Assembly relating to that city. On July 10, 1868, he was appointed by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, one of the Trustees of the McDonough Farm School and Fund, and for several years past he has been Vice-President of the Board. From an early age Mr. Stewart has been identified with the Sunday-school cause, and for twenty-five years he served acceptably as a teacher and superintendent, and also as Secretary of the Protestant Episcopal Sunday-school Society of the City of Baltimore. For many years he served as vestryman of the church of the above denomination of which he is a member, and repre- sented it as a lay delegate in the Convention of the Diocese of Maryland. Mr. Stewart was married, March 16, 1869, to Miss Emily Gallatin, daughter of the late Commander Al- bert G. Slaughter of the United States Navy; and by her he has two children,—a son, William A. Stewart, Jr., and a daughter, Emily Slaughter Stewart. This brief and im- perfect outline of Mr. Stewart’s varied and multiplied labors will enable the reader to form some idea of his abilities and usefulness, and the high respect and esteem enter- tained for him by the people of his native State. He is one of the first members of the bar of Maryland, and the State has no son of whom she is more justly proud. i‘ TONE, Hon. FREDERICK, Ex-Member of Congress, tig) was born February 7, 1820. He is the only son of "= Frederick D. and Eliza (Patton) Stone, of Charles I County, Maryland, and the grandson of Judge Michael Jenifer Stone; a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. He was reared in the Episcopal Church, liberally educated, studied law, rose to eminence in the legal profession, and has been for many years a prominent and leading citizen of Charles County. In 1852 he and Samuel Tyler, with William Price, were appointed by the 343 Legislature of Maryland, Commissioners “ to simplify and abridge the rules of Pleading, Practice and Conveyancing,” in Maryland, and performed that duty with great ability and to the utmost satisfaction of the bar, the bench, and the public. At his first election to Congress, his opponent re- ceived only four votes in Charles County. He was senior counsel for the defence in the trial of Dr. Samuel A. Mudd, charged with being privy to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, and was also an associate counsel with Hon. Thomas Ewing, for the defence of David E. Harold, one of the conspirators. In both of these cases he displayed so much ability, address, dignity, and firmness, that he was highly complimented by the attorneys of the Government. He is now successfully engaged in the practice of his pro- fession, at Port Tobacco, Maryland. He was elected a member of the Maryland Constitutional Convention of 1864, and in the fall of the same year was elected by the Democratic party to the Legislature. He was a member of the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, from March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1871, and served on the Committees on Private Land Claims, on Education and Labor, and on the District of Columbia. In 1871 he was again elected to the Legislature of Maryland. Mr. Stone has been married twice. He married first, June 10, 1852, Maria Louisa Stonestreet, the daughter of Nicholas and Ann E. Stone- street. She died in November, 1867, leaving four children, Annie Stone, who married November 19, 1875, Henry Guard Robertson, son of Walter Hanson and Catharine (Barnes) Robertson ; Elizabeth Ellen Stone, Jennie Stone, and Maria Louisa Stone. June 15,1870, he married Mrs. Jennie (Stonestreet) Ferguson, a sister of his first wife. A209) ow) OWARD, GoveRNOR GEORGE, was born November AY) ( 21, 1789, at ‘ Belvedere,” Baltimore, Maryland. “a’""" He was the second son of Governor John Eager a Howard. He succeeded Hon. Daniel Martin, Governor of Maryland, who died July 10, 1830; was elected to that office and served until the election of James Thomas in 1832. He was a Presidential Elector in 1837 and 1841, and on both occasions voted for William Henry Harrison for President of the United States. He died August 2, 1846. He married December 26, 1811, Prudence Gough Ridgely. His children were John Eager Howard; Priscilla Ridgely Howard, who married Eugene Post; Margaret Elizabeth Howard, who married her brother-in-law, Eugene Post; Charles Ridgely Howard, who married Elizabeth Ann Waters; Sophia C. Howard, who married Richard Norris; George Howard; Jacob Hollingsworth Howard; William Howard, who married Octavia Duvall; Cornelius Howard; Rebecca Hanson Howard ; James Howard; David Ridgely Howard; Eliza Carroll Howard, and James Carroll Howard. 344 Vp OMPSON, GENERAL HENRY ANTHONY, Presi- J) ic dent of the National Bank of Baltimore, was born in that city August 14, 1800. His father, Henry Thompson, came to America from England in 1792, and settled in the city of Baltimore, where he embarked in commercial pursuits, continuing therein until his death in 1838. He married Miss Ann L. Bowly, the eldest daughter of an honored and prominent citizen of Maryland, Daniel Bowly, Esq., of Furley Hall. During General Thompson’s childhood, his father resided on Gay, near what is now called Fayette Street, 4 quarter of the city that, in those early days, was occupied by the resi- dences of Baltimore’s leading citizens, but is now almost exclusively devoted to business purposes. In 1808 young Thompson was placed at Charlotte Hall College, St. Mary’s County, Maryland, and in June, 1815, entered the Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated with high distinction in June, 1819, and was appointed Second Lieutenant of Artillery. He was at once detailed for duty with the Topographical Engineer Corps, then surveying the harbors, etc., under the orders of the Board of En- gineers. He continued on this duty until ordered to the headquarters of his regiment, Fourth Artillery, as Adjutant thereof, at Pensacola, Florida, October, 1822. In Febru- ary of 1824 he was transferred to Fort Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Virginia, as Adjutant of the Artillery School of Practice, and in 1826, was stationed at Savannah, Georgia, to which place the headquarters of his regiment had been changed. After being stationed at various localities, he was, in June, 1836, ordered to the Creek Nation, as aid of General Fenwick, United States Army. After the removal of the Indians he was ordered, on engineer duty, to repair to Fort McHenry, Maryland. In October of that year he resigned from the army,and was appointed Civil Engineer, in charge of the same work, under the Chief Engineer, which he completed in December, 1839, when he removed to Baltimore, and became connected with the well-known mercantile house of Henry Thompson & Son, commission merchants, which, many years before, was founded by his father. In 1845 he was appointed Inspector-General, with the rank of Colonel, Maryland Militia, and in 1847 was appointed Brigadier-General of Artillery by Governor Thomas, which position he resigned in 1861. From his earliest manhood General Thompson has been an active, zealous, and consistent member of the Protestant Episco- pal Church. He was elected a vestryman of Christ Church, Baltimore, in 1841, which position he retained until 1854, when he was elected a vestryman of Emanuel Church, corner of Read and Cathedral streets, Baltimore, which position he still occupies, adding to its duties those of Register and Treasurer, as he had also done when in the vestry of Christ Church. General Thompson has been, and still is, officially connected with several leading cor- porations in Baltimore. In 1855 he was elected a Director in the Bank of Baltimore, and in October, 1863, President BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of that institution. When it became the National Bank of Baltimore, he was, in August, 1865, again elected its Pres- ident, which position he continues to fill, performing all its duties, as he does those of the positions he holds in other corporations, with all the attention and activity of one in the prime and vigor of manhood, though now verg- ing upon his octogenarian year. In 1827 General Thomp- son married Miss Zelina I. De Macklot, of St. Louis, Mis- souri, who died in 1861, leaving a large family. As a col- lege student, he was assiduous in the acquisition of knowl- edge; as a cadet, he took the highest honors of our Na- tional Military School, when only nineteen years of age; as an officer of the United States Army, he served ably and patriotically ; as the incumbent of high and responsi- ble civil positions, he was diligent and conscientious in the discharge of his duties; as a Christian gentleman, he has been faithful to his religious vows, devoting the better part of his life to the services of the Church; as a husband, he was loving and faithful; as a father, he has ever been kind and indulgent; and as an individual, courteous and dignified in his manners, and generous in all his impulses. His history is the record of a life well spent. & i EETEER, Doctor WILLIAM HENRY, was born atx! November 24, 1824, in New Castle County, “gies Delaware. His parents were Samuel and Ann g (Chamberlain) Meeteer. He was educated and graduated at Delaware College, Newark, Dela- ware, adopted the medical profession, studied with his uncle, Dr. Joseph Chamberlain, of Newark, and received the degree of Doctor of Medicine, in March, 1847, from Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Soon after his graduation he went South, and practiced medicine for about two years in Mississippi. In the winter of 1852-53 he settled in Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland, where he still resides and has a large and lucra- tive practice, and enjoys the esteem and respect of his fellow-citizens, for his high qualities as a Christian gentle- man and skilful physician. He isa Democrat, and a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He married, June 4, 1868, Margaret Horsey, daughter of Thomas and Elnora (Palmer) Horsey, of Kent County, Maryland, and has had two children, William Henry Meeteer, born August 28, 1870, and died July 12, 1871, and Margaret Horsey Meeteer. q PHOMAS, Major DoucLas HamILToN, was born Py 1 January 1, 1847, in Baltimore, Maryland. He is ye" the son of Dr. John Hanson and Annie Campbell i (Gordon) Thomas, and the grandson of Hon. John Hanson Thomas, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. His mother, Mrs, Annie Campbell (Gordon) BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Thomas, is the daughter of Bazil and Annie Campbell (Knox) Gordon, of Falmouth, Virginia, and the grand- daughter of William Knox, of “* Windsor Lodge,” Culpep- per County, Virginia, who married in 1766 Susannah Fitzhugh, only daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Stuart) Fitzhugh, of “ Boscobel,” Stafford County, Virginia. Wil- liam Knox, whose mother was Janet Somerville, was a native of Scotland, and of consanguinity with John Knox, the celebrated reformer in the time of Queen Mary. Mrs. Sarah (Stuart) Knox was descended from Kenneth II, who was crowned King of Scotland in the year 854. Bazil Gordon was the son of Samuel and Nicholas (Brown) Gordon, of “ Lochdougan,” Scotland, and the grandson of John Gordon, who married Grace Newall, and died August 23, 1738, aged 56 years. Mrs. Nicholas (Brown) Gordon, daughter of John Brown, of Craigen Callie, and his wife, Margaret McClamrock, of Craigen Bay, was the last person baptized by Rev. James Renwick, beheaded at the cross of Edinburgh ; she was from the Carsluth family, her grandfather and uncle were ministers in the Parish of Kirkinabrook. John Gordon, above named, was the son of Samuel Gordon, of ‘ Stockerton,’’ who was born in 1656, married Margaret McKinnell, and died April 15, 1732, at “ Stockerton,” his country-seat, in the Parish of Kirkcud- bright, Scotland. He was related to the families of Lord Kenmuir and the Gordons, of Greenlaw, and was visited by both families, especially by Sir Alexander and Lady Gordon, of Greenlaw. Major Thomas was educated in Baltimore city, at the University of Maryland. During the late civil war he started in 1863 to join the Southern army, but was arrested on his way and confined for a time by the military. After his release on parole, he entered the Farmers’ and Merchants’ National Bank of Baltimore, and after an experience of a year and a half, displaying unusual aptitude and capacity for the business of banking, at the early age of eighteen years he was promoted to the position of teller, and remained in the bank eight years. Subsequently, until recently, he was a member of the firm of Winchester & Thomas, doing business or Second Street, Baltimore. In 1876, by appointment of the United States Centennial Commission, he was a mem- ber of the ‘Centennial State Board of Maryland.” He was also a member of the Congress of Authors which assembled, July 1, 1876, in Independence Hall, Philadel- phia, and by invitation of the “Committee on the Resto- ration of Independence Hall,” presented on that occasion a very valuable memoir of President John Hanson. During the railroad riots of 1877, he raised in twenty-four hours a company of eighty-five men for service in the Fifth Regi- ment of Baltimore, and performed good service to his State and country in that perilous emergency. He was, May 9, 1878, being then Captain of Company A, unani- mously elected Major of the Fifth Regiment. On August 1, 1878, he became by an unsolicited election the Cashier of the Marine Bank of Baltimore. He is the author of a 345 work, printed for private distribution, entitled “ Genealogi- cal Record of the Family of Thomas, compiled from papers in possession of Dr. J. Hanson Thomas, Baltimore, 1875.” He married, January 25, 1870, Alice Lee Whitridge, daughter of Dr. John and Catharine C. Whitridge, of Bal- timore, and has two children, viz., Douglas Hamilton Thomas, and John Hanson Thomas. SWAWsENNICK, Joun M., Chief Engineer Baltimore City i) Wy Fire Department, was born September 11, 1835, nick, who commanded a company of militia during the Maryland bank and nunnery riots, and was in the saddlery business. His grandfather, on the paternal side, was a major in the war of 1812; his great-grandfather, who was of Polish descent, was killed at the battle of Cowpens, in the Revolutionary war. His mother, Sarah Rutter, was the daughter of Josias Rutter, who was second in command of the Chesapeake flotilla at the bombardment of Fort McHenry, at the battle of North Point, in 1812. He succeeded Commodore Barney, who was killed, and ordered Lieutenant Webster to the battery of six eighteen pounders, located at Spring Garden, at present Winans’ Wharf, on the night of September 13. The British flotilla of twenty-two barges, passed Fort McHenry and moved up Spring Garden, intending to land and take the fort in the rear and burn the city, Lieutenant Webster’s battery, in conjunction with one above it, opened fire upon the British, beating them off, sinking and capturing a number of the barges. His great-grandfather on the maternal side was of English descent. His father and mother were both Methodists. He attended public school until twelve years of age, after which he entered a feed store. Atthe age of sixteen he was apprenticed to James Browne, a well-known hatter of Baltimore, with whom he remained ten years, serving an apprenticeship of five years and working five years as a journeyman. He then worked four years for James Y. Davis, of Washington, District of Columbia. In 1865 he started a silk and cassimere hat and cap manufac- tory and store at 13 South Sharp Street, Baltimore, and conducted a successful business with his brother, Josias G., who died in 1872, when he sold out the establishment. Mr. Hennick was one of fifteen children. His brother Jesse was mate of the steamship Rebecca Clyde, of the Baltimore and Wilmington Line of Steamers, which was lost off the coast of North Carolina in September, 1876. He has two brothers and two sisters living. He has been identified with the Fire Department in Baltimore for nearly a quarter of a century, having, at the age of seven- teen, joined the Washington Hose Company, under the old volunteer system, and served in that company for seven - in Baltimore. He is the son of John C. Hen- . 346 years. When the Paid Fire Department was inaugurated, under Mayor Thomas Swann’s administration, he was made foreman of No. 2 Engine, and served in that position until 1862, when he went to Washington, as before stated. In April, 1868, he was reappointed as foreman of the same engine. In 1869 he was promoted to the position of Assistant Engineer in place of William C. Rose, who was killed with two others at the fire in McClelland’s Alley. He served acceptably in that position until April, 1876, when he was appointed Chief Engineer by the Board of Fire Commissioners. In the discharge of his duties Mr. Hen- nick has had many hair-breadth escapes ; nor has he always escaped unscathed. He was badly burned with five others, April 1 1, 1875, by the explosion of a barrel of gasoline ina cellar on Garden Street, from the effects of which Lewis Rudolph, foreman of No, 2 Hook and Ladder Company, died. He was thrown from a carriage and badly bruised on the head. At the burning of the Consolidated Building, corner of German and South streets, he and others were saved when the stairs burned away by mounting to the roof, and by means of a ladder thrown across an alley from a roof on the other side made their escape. In its Chief En- gineer Baltimore has a competent officer, of undaunted cour- age and promptitude, and entirely devoted to his calling. In politics Mr. Hennick is a Democrat, and in religion an atten- dant with his family on the Lee Street Baptist Church. He has been a member of the Odd Fellows and Red Men about twenty years, and is also a member of the Indepen- dent Order of Mechanics. He married Miss Mary E. Jones, daughter of William C. Jones, a machinist and moulder of Baltimore, of an old Maryland family. They have had four children, three of whom are living. AVIS, Hon. ALLEN Bowl, was born February 16, a 1809, at Greenwood, Montgomery County, Mary- eh land. Greenwood was the residence of his grand- > father, Ephraim Davis, who died in 1769. His wife was Elizabeth Howard. The estate was in- herited and enlarged by his only son, Hon. Thomas Davis, who married Elizabeth Bowie, daughter of Allen and Ruth Bowie, of the same county. Thomas Davis died in 1833, leaving the larger portion of his estate to his only living son, A. B. Davis. Mr. Thomas Davis was a man of marked and decided character, who, although an agri- culturist by profession, filled many offices of public trust, with such fidelity and executive ability as won univer- sal confidence and respect. He was a communicant and vestryman in his parish church during life; President of the Board of Trustees of the Brookville Academy from its foundation to his death; a member of the State Legisla- ture for several years, and one of the Associate Judges of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the County Court, before the system was changed, permit- ting none but members of the legal profession to hold that position. He wrote deeds, contracts, and wills for his neighbors, without compensation; and was considered good authority in all cases requiring adjudication, his ac- quaintance with its technicalities and provisions being re- markable for one who had not made law a profession. A. Bowie Davis, the subject of this sketch, married Rebecca Comfort, daughter of Hon. Thomas Beale Dorsey, Chief Justice of the State of Maryland. After her decease, he married her cousin, Hester Ann, daughter of William Wilkins, Esq. In early life, his health being extremely delicate, his parents considered it unsafe to send him to college. He, therefore, received at the Brookville Acade- my what was then considered a good English education, with some knowledge of the classics. These early ac- quirements, improved by reading, thought, observation, and intercourse with men of talent and culture, into whose society, birth and marriage introduced him, together with a mind naturally vigorous, strong will, and indomitable energy, have enabled him to successfully compete with many who had superior early advantages. Like his father, he has not confined himself to the simple routine of home supervision, but has held himself ready on every occasion to unite with others in advancing the interests of his county and State. He is a communicant and vestryman in his parish church, and represented it continuously for thirty years in its annual conventions. In 1833, as a Trustee of the Brookville Academy, of which he was afterward President, he assisted in securing the enactment of a law, prohibiting the sale of ardent spirits within a circuit of two miles of the Academy. This antedated the famous Maine Liquor Law. In 1862 he procured the amendment of this law so as to embrace a district of eigh- teen by twelve miles, unless it could be shown to the court expedient, and which to the credit of the county has never been done. Mr. Davis was a member of the “Board of Public Works” from 1840 to 1850, and suc- ceeded in procuring the reduction of tolls on fertilizers from four to one-quarter per cent. per ton, on the Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal, and from six to three cents on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. For several years he has been President of the Montgomery County Agricultural Society. In 1850 he was a member of the State Conven- tion to revise the Constitution, and in 1862 was a member of the State Legislature. For three years he was Presi- dent of the State Agricultural College. Believing that its charter limited it to instruction in such branches as were best calculated to develop agriculture as a science, practi- cally as well as theoretically, and seeing a determination to introduce studies altogether foreign, he found himself in an antagonistic position, and therefore withdrew. For three years he was President of the State Agricultural Society. Regarding the present site of the grounds as not readily accessible, owing to their distance from public BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. thoroughfares, and objecting to the prominence given to sports of the turf, he resigned. He has ever been a warm advocate of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which he assisted to complete, maintaining that, with judicious man- agement, it would yield a large revenue to the State, and thus lessen the present burdensome taxation. In politics Mr. Davis was originally an old-line Whig. During the war he was opposed to disunion, and is still conservative. His only aim in public life has been to acquit himself as a useful citizen, and the above record fully demonstrates his success in that direction. Although residing a large por- tion of the year in Baltimore, he still retains his citizen- ship and interest in his native county. His only son, William Wilkins Davis, married, within one week of his decease, Nellie Ward, daughter of Right Reverend Henry B. Whipple, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Minnesota. ( CMAHON, Hon. Joun Van Lear, one of the a1 most distinguished lawyers of the Maryland Se bar, was born in Cumberland, Maryland, Au- i gust 18, 1800. His father, William McMahon, was a highly respected farmer of Alleghany County. Mr. McMahon graduated when very young with first honors of Princeton College. He immediately com- menced the study of law with Roger Perry, of Cumber- land, and was admitted to the bar in the nineteenth year of his age. He was at once successful. As soon as he had reached his majority he was elected to the Legislature. The next year he was re-elected, and that session became the leader of the House of Delegates, and made his famous speech in favor of giving to the Jews of the State the equality of all rights. He subsequently removed to Baltimore and was elected to the Legislature twice in suc- cession by the Jackson Democrats. The same party unanimously nominated him as their candidate for Con- gress, which he refused to accept. He afterward became identified with the Whig party, and in 1840 was the Presi- dent of the great national Whig mass convention at Bal- timore. When General Harrison became President, Mr. McMahon was offered, by letter, any office, except one, in the Presidential gift. But he declined to accept any office of a political nature, although the highest honors of his State were also offered him. He was a Delegate to the State International Improvement Convention in 1825, of which Charles Carroll of Carrollton was president. In 1826 a meeting was held in Baltimore at which it was de- termined to construct the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Mr. McMahon was present and drew ‘the charter, which has ever since served as a model for railroad charters in this country. In 1831 he published the first volume of his History of Maryland, but the work was never com- pleted. He continued to be the leader of the Baltimore 347 bar from 1827 to 1859, in which year, whilst preparing a brief in a case in the Court of Appeals, he was stricken with partial blindness, which continued to grow worse thereafter. In consequence he gradually withdrew from the bar, and in 1863 removed to his native town, Cumber- land. Mr. McMahon retired with an ample competence derived from the practice of his profession. About twenty- five years before his death he was called upon by a lady of Charles County, Maryland, to draw her will, which he did at her request, leaving a blank for the name of the de- visee. He was greatly astonished at the death of the lady not long after to learn that his name had been in- serted in the blank places in the will, and that in admira- tion of his talents she had bequeathed him her property, valued at over $25,000. He was a profound and astute lawyer, and an eloquent political speaker. WaSUNOTT, Justus, Physician and Surgeon, was D born at Wilmington, Delaware, in the month f of October, 1804. His parents were Justus and i Rachel Dunott. He received his early education at oe the Academy at Wilmington, and afterwards entered the drug store of Dr. Johnson in that city, where he re- mained about two years, and became so much interested in medicine, that at the solicitation of Dr. Johnson, he entered his office, and applied himself diligently to the study of the healing art. He also attended two full courses of lectures at the University of Philadelphia, from which he graduated in the spring of 1824, and the same year com- menced the practice of medicine in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. After remaining in this place five years, he yielded to the advice of his friend Dr. Dewees, and re- moved to Philadelphia, where he continued the practice of his profession. While there, as Demonstrator of Anatomy and Superintendent of the dissecting classes connected with the University of Philadelphia, he for a number of ~ years occupied the rooms formerly used by Dr. Joseph Pancoast. After a long practice, covering a period of twenty-one years, finding that his physical energies had been overtaxed, he decided to retire fora time from the more active duties of his profession, and purchased a farm in Cecil County, Maryland, to which he removed, and re- mained for eight years, managing his farm and practicing medicine as time and inclination permitted. Atthe end of that period, his health being entirely restored, he com- menced practice in Elkton, Cecil County, and continued it until after the war. In April, 1865 he removed to Fred- erick City, where he now resides, winning high regard as a physician, and as an esteemed member of the community. Dr. Dunott has been twice married, and has two children living; one residing in San Francisco, and the- other in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, practicing medicine. 348 timore, September 4, 1831. His father’s name was also Aquilla H. Greenfield. His father was a mer- chant, and a man of prominence in the city govern- ment, a member of the Council, and from 1840 to 1850 served as coroner. The maiden name of his wife, the mother of the younger Aquilla, was Harriet M. Hatton. The great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Nelson Greenfield, was a Methodist preacher in Baltimore County, about the year 1740. Mr. Greenfield was educated at the High School in Baltimore, and afterwards at the City Col- lege, from which he graduated with honor in 1848, when only seventeen years of age. He then entered his father’s house-furnishing store on Lexington Street, and diligently applied himself to master the details of the business. His father died September 14, 1850, and he succeeded him in the business, which he maintained at its former degree of prosperity, and which, under his excellent management, is still flourishing. The political career of Mr. Greenfield commenced in 1871, when he was elected to the First Branch of the City Council, where he served on several important committees. His course in the Council was re- garded with such favor by his constituents of the Thir- teenth Ward, that he was returned in 1872 by a largely in- creased majority, and was honored with an election to the Presidency of the First Branch, which made him ex-officio Mayor, in the absence of that officer. At the time of the disastrous fire of 1873, which devastated such a large por- tion of the city on Park, Clay, Saratoga, Mulberry, and other streets, Mr. Greenfield acted as Mayor, and by his ability and prompt decisive action, contributed largely to save the city from the general conflagration that for a time seemed inevitable. His success as President of the City Council brought him into such prominence and favor, that in the next year, 1874, he was elected to represent his dis- trict in the State Legislature for the term of two years. In that body he became prominent as the author of the bill for the establishment of the House of Correction. This bill he introduced and defended till in the face of the most bitter opposition it became a law. This important institu- tion is situated near Jessup’s Station, thirteen miles from Baltimore, on the Baltimore-and Ohio Railroad. In the fall of 1877 Mr. Greenfield was returned to the popular branch of the City Council, and was made Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. When quite young Mr. Greenfield made a profession of religion, and has since been connected with and an office-bearer in the Fayette Street Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married in September, 1858, to Miss Laura Virginia Blades, of Talbot County, Maryland. He has had seven children, five of whom are now living: Jennie, Annie, Laura, William, and Edith. Mrs. Greenfield died April 28,1876. Mr. Green- field was married a second time, October 31, 1877, to Miss Lydia, daughter of Daniel Harvey, who was for several years a member of the City Council, and President of the CE nore Sep Hon. AQuiLia H., was born in Bal- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Second Branch, and was also a candidate for the mayoralty of Baltimore in 1868. In politics Mr. Greenfield has been identified with the Democratic party from his youth. He is widely and favorably known as a man of probity and honor, and exerts a large influence in the community. CuARLEs G., in 1841, and Davip, in 1843, whole- Da W,UTZLER BROTHERS, Azrao G., born in 1836, OK sale and retail lace and embroidery Merchants, - are the sons of M. Hutzler, and are all natives of Baltimore. They were educated in the public schools of that city, and finished their studies in the High School. In 1858 the eldest brother, A. G. Hutzler, in company with his father, commenced the lace and embroidery business at the corner of Howard and Clay streets, under the firm name of M. Hutzler & Son. Nine years later, in 1867, M. Hutzler retired from the business, and the two younger brothers were taken in, forming the present firm of Hutzler Brothers, Charles G. Hutzler having been previously a member of the firm of Julius Oberndorf & Co. The brothers also started at this time a wholesale house at 271 West Baltimore Street, of which the two eldest took charge, and David, the younger, assumed the care of the retail busi- ness. In 1870, in accordance with the demands of their rapidly increasing trade, the wholesale business was re- moved to a larger house, at the corner of Baltimore and Sharp streets, and in 1872 their accommodations being still too limited, the firm removed to their present five story warehouse, at No. 12 Hanover Street. Mr. David Hutzler still conducting the retail business at the original stand, its success was not inferior to that of the wholesale depart- ment, and augmented yearly until 1875, when the brothers purchased the warehouse, No. 67 North Howard Street, from James Gelty, Esq., and rebuilt it to suit their heavy trade. Since that date its prosperity has continued steadily to increase, notwithstanding the great stringency of the times. From the first commencement of the business by his father and elder brother, Mr. David Hutzler, then only fifteen years of age, was engaged with them as clerk; and his success, like that of his brothers, is based upon a thor- ough knowledge of business, and the practice, never devi- ated from in’ any instance, of conducting it on the best and highest principles. Hutzler Brothers were the pioneers in establishing the One Price System in the lace and embroid- ery business, to which they have, under all circumstances, rigidly adhered. Their rules have always been to repre- sent goods precisely as they are, to treat all who do not buy from them with the same politeness that is shown to the largest purchasers, not to importune customers, and especially to satisfy a patron or to refund the money. The firm has always considered it an unsafe policy to keep old articles on hand, and just previous to taking an inventory BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of stock they close out all of their goods at cost. They import many of their goods, and have resident correspond- ents and buyers in England and in Paris. These gentle- men are of the Jewish faith. They are active members of all the Hebrew Charitable Associations, and also of the Masonic fraternity. One of them is at present High Priest of Adoniram Royal Arch Chapter, Treasurer of the Coun- cil of High Priesthood of the State of Maryland, and Past Master of the Arcana Lodge, No. 110, A. F. and A. M. He has also been President of the Mendelssohn Literary Association, and of the Harmony Circle. Charles G. Hutzler married the daughter of Henry Sonneborn, of Baltimore. David Hutzler married the daughter of Joel Gutman, of the same city. Messrs. Hutzler have attained merited success. WNSOWNS, Rev. WILFORD, of the Baltimore Confer- NG ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was 2 born near Lexington, Rockbridge County, Vir- +2. ginia, March 12, 1827, and is the son of Wilford P and Sarah Downs. His father was a blacksmith by trade and is still living ; four of his younger sons have the same occupation. His son Wilford received a fair English education in the schools of Lexington, and com- menced the study of Latin. At twelve years of age his father removed to a distant part of the country, where he went into the shop and for nine months supplied the place of a hand at the bellows and anvil. Preferring the print- ing business, however, he entered as an apprentice in the office of Zhe Gazette,a Whig paper of his native town, and served for three years and eight months, during which time he made a profession of religion and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. A vacancy of State cadet- ship occurring at the Virginia Military Institute, at Lex- ington, in July, 1843, at the instance of friends, and with the consent of his employer, O. P. Baldwin, Esq., the editor of the Gazette, and subsequently prominently con- nected with the press at Richmond, Virginia, and for the last eleven years of his life connected with the editorial staff of the Baltimore Suz, Wilford applied for and re- ceived the appointment to fill the vacancy. He entered the Institute, and graduated July 4, 1847, in the same class with General William Mahone, of the Confederate States Army. Among his schoolmates at that institution were also Captain J. G. Marr, killed at Fairfax Court-house, at the commencement of hostilities between the North and the South, in 1861, and Generals Rodes, Colston, Jones, and others prominent in the Southern cause. ‘“ Stonewall” Jackson was one of the professors at the Institute. After his graduation young Downs secured the post of Princi- pal of the “ Botetourt Seminary,” at Fincastle, Virginia, 45 349 and fulfilled his obligation to his native State as an in- structor. During the three years he spent in teaching.he cancelled all indebtedness to the friends who had assisted him in obtaining his education, and equipped himself for entering upon what he believed to be his “life work,” the Methodist itinerancy. He was licensed to preach Au- gust 19,1850. He travelled six months under the Presid- ing Elder, and regularly entered the Conference at Win- chester, Virginia, in March, 1851. After travelling cir- cuits in his native State acceptably for three years, he was stationed in Baltimore, in the spring of 1854, since which time he has had various large and important charges, not only in that city but also in Central Pennsylvania and Western Maryland. His last appointment was Presiding Elder to one of the “ Baltimore Districts,’ embracing the western part of the city, and portions of Baltimore, How- ard, Carroll, Frederick, and Washington counties, which he served for a full term of four years. He was chosen as one of the reserve delegates to the last General Conference of his Church in 1876. Though thus honored he has never been an aspirant for place, nor ambitious in the common acceptation of that term. As a pastor he has few if any superiors; as a disciplinarian he is mild but firm; and as a manager is always successful, looking closely to the” minutest details, and faithfully attending to the whole work of a minister. He is an earnest and .effective speaker. Though of Southern birth and education Mr, Downs was in politics an old-line Whig, and opposed alike the right and expediency of secession in the late struggle. He has, however, never been more than a quiet voter, Many years ago he purchased a house for his parents near the Natural Bridge, Virginia, and made their declining days comfortable. He was married February 5, 1857, ‘to Miss Martha Cornelius, daughter of Nicholas Cornelius, Esq., of Baltimore, by whom he has five sons and one daughter living. He is at this time (1878) stationed at the William Street Methodist Episcopal Church, a large and important charge in Baltimore city. ig OODALL, WILLIAM Eascey, Ship-builder and 5 OA } Proprietor of the Marine Floating or Dry Dock, ie oy Locust Paint, Baltimore, was born at Liverpool, e England, July 18, 1837. His father, John Woodall, was a native of Yorkshire, and had been for many years engaged in the shipping and commis- sion business in Liverpool. His mother, Ester Easley, was a daughter of Robert Easley, of Highfield House, near Stokesley, Yorkshire. They had ten children, of whom three are residents of Baltimore, Henry E., con- ducting the rigging branch of the business, William E., and James, his partner, John, Frederick, Annie, and 359 Sarah Sophia, reside in Europe. His deceased sister, Ester, was the accomplished wife of George F. Sangston, the Dublin Manager of the Atlantic Cable. The subject of this sketch was educated at home by a governess until the age of fifteen years. His admiration for the beautiful and fast-sailing Baltimore clipper ships, in contrast with other vessels visiting Liverpool, led him, even in boyhood, to select the business in which, since then, he has by per- sistent energy and enterprise been so eminently successful. Having secured the consent of his parents, he came to this country alone in his fifteenth year, and entered as an apprentice at Washington, District of Columbia, in the shipyard of Captain William Easley, a cousin of his mother, who had been a soldier in the war of 1812, and who, long afterward, received the appointment of Commis- sioner of Public Buildings from President Millard Fill- more. Captain Easley resigned the ship-building business into the hands of his two sons, John and Horatio, who conducted it with success. John is now Chief of Con- struction in the United States Navy, and Horatio continues the ship-building and lumber business. It was with these sons that young Woodall learned the first principles of boat-building. The first work he was engaged in was the placing a bow on the steamboat “ Columbia,” now on the waters of the Chesapeake. In order to learn the art of building clipper ships, he went to Baltimore, February 6, 1853, and made an ehgagement with John T. Fardy and Philip Auld, on the south side of the Basin, foot of Hughes Street, and with them learned the trade. Such was his proficiency, that at the age of nineteen he became foreman. In 1856 Mr. Auld retired, and Matthew J. Fardy became associated in the business, under the name of Fardy & Brother. Mr. Woodall remained with them as foreman until January 1, 1866, when he became a partner under the style of John T. Fardy, Brother & Company. That firm was dissolved in November, 1867, by the death of the senior member. Mr. Matthew J. Fardy retired, and the business was continued by Mr. Woodall, under the title of Fardy & Woodall, Mr. Woodall representing the widow Fardy’s interest. That arrangement terminated January 1, 1873. During this last partnership, Mr. Woodall built the first two composite vessels constructed in Maryland. They were iron frames, with woodeh deck and bottom, and were named respectively ‘‘ Speedwell” and “ Urgent.” They were for the service of the United States Coast Sur- vey. While foreman for Mr. Fardy he built the steamer “Wenonah,” the revenue cutters “ Wayanda,” “ Lincoln,” and “Hugh McCulloch.” During his copartnership with the firms he built the barque “ Mary A. Way,” the brigs “ Charles Purvis,” and “ Johanna,” and the United States Revenue cutters ‘“ Vigilance,” and “ Reliance.” These are the more prominent of about fifty vessels built at that ship-yard. During the war, Mr. Woodall superin- tended the rebuilding of the United States sloop of war * Wyoming,” costing seventy-nine thousand dollars. This BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. vessel, under command of Captain Bankard, subsequently destroyed a Chinese town for plundering an American ship. Mr. Woodall, January, 1873, associated with him his brother James, a skilled ship-builder, and Charles A. Miller, who had been his foreman for eight years, and served his apprenticeship at Thomas Hooper’s ship-yard, under the present firm name of William E. Woodall & Co., having a yard one thousand feet deep and three hundred feet front, at foot of Allen Street, Locust Point, for the purpose of ship-building, joining, carpentering, and all the different branches of the trade. In the early part of the same year, Mr. Woodall and Mr. George W. Atkin- son undertook to raise one hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars, in shares of one thousand dollars each, for the pur- pose of building a basin dry-dock on the “ Simpson plan.” The amount was finally subscribed, the firm of William E. Woodall & Co. taking seventeen shares. The enter- prise, however, fell through, the majority of the subscribers being unwilling to pay the necessary price for a suitable location. The firm then built on their own account the present marine or floating dry-dock, which cost nearly eighty thousand dollars. There were more than a million feet of lumber used in its construction. The first large ship they coppered was the “ Bonanza,” of fifteen hundred tons. Besides other sailing craft, the present firm have built five composite vessels, the “ Palinurus,” “‘ Earnest,” “ Ready,” and “ Research,” and the “ Drift,” for the United States Coast Survey, each about one hundred and fifty tons. The firm has given employment to five hundred men at a time; the average number is about one hundred and fifty. It was Mr. Woodall’s intention when in his boyhood he left England to return again after he acquired the art of clipper building in this country and engage in the business there; but American institutions and opportunities so won his heart that he lost all inclination in that direction. He is now thoroughly Americanized, and has done much for the commercial prosperity and permanent interests of Balti- more. The glowing accounts of the advantages afforded by this country which Mr. Woodall wrote to England in- duced his father to come on a visit in 1855. He was so pleased he sent for his wife and two youngest children, leaving four others behind. He purchased a large tract of land near Bladensburg, and engaged in farming, until fail- ing health caused him to remove to Baltimore, where he died, May 19, 1859. His wife survived him until January 2, 1876. Mr. Woodall married November 13, 1860, Mary Eugenia, daughter of Benjamin A. Hooper, a well-known house carpenter of South Baltimore. They have had nine children, six of whom are living: Mary Eugenia, William E., Bessie, Flora, Lillie, and Robert. He has taken an active part in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since 1860; and now (1879) represents the Grand Lodge of the State in the School Board, attending to the educa- tion of the orphans of Odd Fellows. He is passionately fond of children, and in this work of benevolence he takes BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. great interest. His two greatest characteristics appear to be indomitable energy and benevolence. He has no sym- pathy to expend on a lazy person, but is always ready to ex- tend a helping hand to the deserving. He is Conservative in politics, and rigidly opposed to a high tariff. - His parents were old Wesleyan Methodists, but, with his family, to whom he is warmly devoted, he attends the Light Street Presbyterian Church. On principle, instead of investing his money in ground-rents or bonds he places it in a busi- ness which, while adding materially to the commercial in- terests of Baltimore, has the benevolent feature of giving employment to hundreds of mechanics. in the year 1768, in which place his parents had : settled a few years previous, having emigrated from Germany. During the first years of the Revolution they removed to Baltimoretown, as it was then called, being little more than a village, the waters of the bay sweeping up to Charles Street. Their son Daniel was then eight years old. He ever afterwards resided in Baltimore, and became one of the most successful and wealthy mer- chants of his day. Upon attaining his majority he entered upon the pork-packing business, and is said to have been the first to engage in the foreign exportation of the article. He had received but a plain education, but possessed a well-balanced mind, which with great determination and energy of character, combined with his untiring activity, enabled him in a few years to acquire sufficient means to engage extensively in the wholesale grocery business. This he conducted successfully and amassed a fortune. He owned fourteen acres of land just beyond Franklin Square, Baltimore, and many acres on Fremont, and con- tiguous streets; also houses, stocks, etc. He was esti- mated to be worth from one hundred and seventy-five to two hundred thousand dollars. He retired from business at the age of sixty, and passed the remainder of his days in the quiet, enjoyments of the family circle. Public-spirited and philanthropic, he entered warmly and actively into every enterprise for the common welfare, contributing largely of his means for the improvement and extension of the city. He died October 3, 1842, in the seventy- fourth year of his age, leaving to his posterity, in addition to his wealth, that which they esteem as infinitely more precious, the memory of his unsullied character for hon- esty, virtue, integrity,and acknowledged general useful- ness. He married Miss Mary Schrote, of what is now Carroll County, then called Baltimore County, and left a family of nine children. He had forty-eight grandchildren living at the time of his death. (Ce W2OFFMAN, Daniet, a prominent Merchant of Bal- a \ . timore, was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, 35! WoRELAND, Davip Catpwett, M.D., was born in oe Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, May 7 4, 1844, of which county his father, Thomas Ire- | = land, is a prominent resident, and has held official L positions therein. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Miss Nichols, daughter of William Nichols of above county. After receiving an excellent education at the schools of his native city, and at St. John’s College, he commenced the study of medicine in 1862, in the office of Dr. Abraham Claude, at Annapolis. After continuing his studies for fifteen months under Dr. Claude, he went to Philadelphia, and matriculated at the University of Penn- sylvania. This was in the fall of 1864, and three years thereafter, in the spring of 1867, he graduated from that institution with the highest honors. Immediately after re- ceiving his diploma Dr. Ireland entered Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia, as Resident Physician, and for two years enjoyed the advantages of the extensive clinical practice therein, both medical and surgical. In the autumn of 1869, he established himself in the practice of his profession, in the city of Baltimore, which he has continued to prose- cute successfully to the present time. Though a general practitioner, Dr. Ireland gives special attention to the diseases of women and children. He has performed, with eminent success, many of the most delicate and important surgical operations. He held the position of Vaccine Physician under Mayor Joshua Vansant in 1873 and 1874, and that of Coroner of the Eastern District of Baltimore, under Governor John Lee Carroll, which position he con- tinues to occupy. He is a member of the Medico-Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland, and is the President of the Northeastern Clinical Association. Though engaged in a large practice, Dr. Ireland has found time to contribute several valuable scientific articles to the medical journals. In 1871, he married Miss Lizzie Henderson, daughter of Rev. David Henderson, of Baltimore. Dr. Ireland stands in high repute as a medical practitioner, and commands the confidence and esteem of his patients and the public gen- erally. ¥eCOTT Joun, Minister of the Society of Friends, was born June 1, 1798, at Hebron Mills, Baltimore County, Maryland. He was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Mathews) Scott. Mrs. Elizabeth Scott was the daughter of Thomas and Price Mathews, of Baltimore County. Thomas Scott was the son of Abraham and his wife Elizabeth Rossiter Scott, who with their children, Rachel, Amos, Jesse, Rossiter, Hes- ter, and Thomas, procured a certificate from Wrightstown Meeting, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1772, and removed to and settled in Baltimore County, Maryland. He was a man of strong mind and good judg- 352 ment; much sought for as an arbitrator in cases of dispute and universally respected. Abraham Scott’s father, Jacob Scott, was a man of much prominence, and most highly esteemed among the Quakers, or Friends, in Pennsylva- nia. He died at an advanced age, December 11, 1766. Abraham was born 1731, and died March 29, 1804. His wife Elizabeth was born 1732, and died October 12, 1803. Their son Thomas was born June 24, 1770, and died February 8, 1852. Elizabeth, wife of Thomas, was born March 3, 1769, and died August 20, 1852. They were married March 27, 1793. Their children were George Dent, Eli, John, Elizabeth, Rachel, and Eliza. John Scott, the subject of this sketch, married Elizabeth Littig, who was born in Baltimore city, December 13, 1800. She was the daughter of George and Rachel (Bosley) Littig. They (George and Rachel) were married by the Rev. I. Wyatt in 1796. George Littig was the son of Philip and Elizabeth Margaret (Brown) Littig. George Littig was born November 29, 1729. Rachel Bosley Littig was the daughter of Caleb and Elizabeth (Wheeler) Bosley. They were married by Rev. James Stewart, February 27, 1772. Elizabeth Wheeler was the daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Wheeler, of Baltimore County, Maryland. Elijah Bosley, an elder brother of Caleb Bosley, was a man of vigorous constitution, and lived to the age of one hundred years. His son, Colonel Nicholas M. Bosley, was a large landholder, and a very prominent citi- zen of Baltimore County. At his death he bequeathed to his grand-niece, Miss Louisa Gittings, now Mrs. John Merryman, the elegant and far-famed estate known as “« Hayfields,” on which she and her husband now reside. John Scott and Elizabeth Littig were married December 18, 1827, by the Rev. Joshua Wells. The issue of this happy union was eleven children, five of whom are de- ceased, viz., Georgianna, John Thomas, Caleb Bosley, Joseph John Gurney, and Rachel Littig, all of whom died young, except John Thomas, who died in 1866, leaving a widow and two children. The six living children are Elenor A. B., born November 16, 1828, who married Edwin Scott, and resides on their farm “ Rosedale,” in Baltimore County. George L., born November 23, 1833, who married Mary, daughter of Dr. Wakeman Hopkins, of Darlington, Har- ford County, and now resides on their farm “ Wildfell.”’ He is a minister of the Society of Friends, and greatly es- teemed for true goodness, Harrison, born March 18, 1836, is unmarried. He resides and does business in Baltimore city. Irving Murry, born December 25, 1837, who mar- ried Laura, daughter of John R. Horde, of Covington, Kentucky. He is one of the firm of Prescott, Scott & Co., Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California, and is one of the most prominent, influential, and respected citizens of that city. The firm employs about six hundred men, and does a business of two millions of dollars a year, being the most extensive machine works on the Pacific coast. Mary Frances, born July 15, 1844, who married Oliver S. Orrick, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of Baltimore city, in 1875. He removed to Oakland, Cali- fornia, in 1876, and is engaged in business in San Fran- cisco. Henry Tiffany, born September 20, 1846, who in 1867 married Elsie, daughter of William Horsley, of Al- freton, Derbyshire, England, He is the junior member of the firm of Prescott, Scott & Co., and resides in San Fran- cisco. Mr, and Mrs. Scott have had twenty-six grand- children, nineteen of whom are now living (February 1, 1879). John Scott received his education in the county schools of Baltimore County. His buoyant temperament and social qualities made him fond of society, but being strictly moral from his youth, he avoided companionship with profane, vicious, or irreligious persons. At an early age, by the advice of his father, he learned the business of manufacturing (carding of wool), but not liking it, sold the machinery, and for five years thereafter worked for his father on the home farm. He then took charge of his father’s mill, and continued to live with his parents for fifty-four years, and after his father’s death remained and conducted the business of the farm and mill for nineteen years, mak- ing a continuous residence of seventy-three years, in the house in which he was born. He then sold the farm and mill and removed to Darlington, Harford County, and after a residence of two years with his son George, he then, in 1875, visited his sons in California. Returning again to Maryland, he in 1876, accompanied by his wife, went again to California, residing principally with his daughter, Mrs. Orrick, making San Francisco their home, but visit- ing wherever inclination prompts them. Mr. Scott was successful in business, and reared and educated a large family of children, all of whom are doing well and are useful and honored members of society. He is methodical, and has carefully kept a diary for over fifty years. Mr. Scott’s religious training was adverse to military or politi- cal positions, and the only public office he would hold was that of School Commissioner of Baltimore County, which he held for thirteen years, always manifesting a lively in- terest in and a practical acquaintance with the public school system. In 1866 he was sent to North Carolina by the Society of Friends to reorganize the Friends’ schools that had been closed during the war, and was afterwards commissioned, with funds at his discretion, for the relief of the destitute Friends in that State. He was one of the Vice-Presidents of the Baltimore County Bible Society, during the continuance of that institution. Though taking no active part in politics, Mr. Scott has felt it proper to ex- ercise the right and duty of the elective franchise, and has always voted with the Whigs and Republicans. Educated in the faith of his fathers, and reared under the influences of their religious life, he early became a true believer in the Christian religion, as held by the Society of Friends, to which he has ever since adhered, as in accordance with the doctrines of the Holy Scriptures. When thirty-five years of age he became a minister of that society, and has abounded in labors ever since. Travelling and ministering BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. extensively in the United States and Canada, and in his eightieth year visited different societies in California and Oregon, ministering to various meetings there. He annu- ally attends the yearly meeting of Friends in Baltimore, and is now preparing for his tenth trip across the continent. On June 1, 1879, he will be eighty-one years of age. A number of his family have attained to ages from eighty-five to one hundred and three. He is small of stature, strong and compactly built, and capable of enduring great fatigue. Is in the enjoyment of perfect health and in possession of all his faculties unimpaired, except his hearing. He has given his time and means and talents to his Heavenly Master, and lived so irreproachable a life that there is none who can say aught against him. He ever gratefully ac- knowledges the goodness of God manifested towards him, and. is actively seeking opportunities for usefulness. So vigorous is his constitution, so vivacious his spirits, that his family and friends expect he will yet live to number a cen- tury of years. As an instance of the confidence and affec- tion existing between the parent and the children, Mr. Scott on the occasion of his visit to Baltimore last fall, said to the writer of this sketch : ‘‘ No father has better children than I have;” and ina letter recently received from his son Irving M. Scott, of San Francisco, he writes: ‘“ No better man or father ever lived.’’ On the morning of Decem- ber 18, 1827, Mr. Scott and Miss Littig were married, and made their bridal tour from Baltimore to Washington, D. C.,in their private carriage. They attended a levee of President Adams that evening, and were presented to His Excellency by Colonel Little. On the day on which they were to return, a home-coming entertainment at her grand- mother’s house was in preparation, but the festive occasion was changed to a scene of mourning, by the sudden death of her grandmother, Mrs, Shaffer, who died while engaged in her morning religious devotions. Their groomsman, Thomas R. Mathews, died only a few years since, and their brides- maid, Mary Ann West, is still living. In 1877 Mr. and Mrs. John Scott removed to San Francisco, and Decem- ber 18, 1877, they celebrated their golden wedding at the elegant mansion of their son Irving M., on Harrison Street, in that city, an occasion never to be forgotten by the hundreds of guests who were present, many of whom were from remote States. Mr. and Mrs. Scott were dressed in the style (if not the identical garments) they were married in fifty years before. Both were the centre of attraction, and each looked hale, fresh, and were in buoyant spirits. Mrs. Scott is in every sense of the word an accomplished lady. In the prime of life she excelled in vocal and musi- cal accomplishments, and her paintings show her to have been an artist of much taste and skill. By request of the groom, the marriage ceremony was omitted, and in lieu thereof, the Rev. Dr. Stone, of “ The First Congregational- ist Church,” delivered a most appropriate and beautiful address. Among the many congratulatory letters received was a characteristic one from the Quaker Poet, John G. 353 Whittier, then in his seventy-first year. Irving M. Scott then read a carefully prepared address, grouping in a masterly manner the incidents of marked importance of the last half century, contrasting past and present, in time and modes of travel, the first steamship that crossed the Atlan- tic, the railroads, the Atlantic cable, improved printing press, sewing machines, and other machinery, telegraphing, discovery of gold in California, and indeed, nothing of interest was omitted. The address was printed in an ele- gantly bound album, handsomely illustrated, and presented to Mr. and Mrs, Scott. A poem of rare beauty, composed for the occasion by Mrs. C. C. Webb, a sister of Mrs. Irving M. Scott, was read by her son, Harry Webb. Mr. and Mrs. Scott’s relatives and family connections in Mary- land are numerous, and of high respectability and social position. He is extensively known and esteemed through- out the State, and among the Friends his name and good works are as familiar as household words. ws NAPP, FREDERICK, Educator, was born in Wurt- 4 “a emberg, Germany, April 26, 1821. His parents were in the line of an old and well-known family. His father was an architect and builder of promi- nence. In his sixth year he entered the state schools, and made rapid progress in his studies. Com- pleting the course there he was sent to the High School at Reutlingen, from which he passed to the Normal Institu- tion at Esslingen, there to be educated for a teacher under the instruction of the celebrated /t¢érateur Denzell. Here he remained two and a half years. There being great need of competent teachers, an examination was ordered to be held among the students of the seminary. Young Knapp, then in his eighteenth year, presented himself and passed with credit the required examination. Out of fifty who were examined, he took a first place among the successful fifteen. He was immediately assigned to duty at Schoe- nich, taking charge of a school numbering one hundred and one pupils. Here he remained two years and a half, rapidly acquiring practical knowledge of his profession. Here he organized a choral association called Gesang- verein. On the occasion of a choral festival his society received the prize of a handsome flag. On May 10, 1840, he was sent as teacher by the government to the institution from which he had been graduated. In connection with his official duties he superintended a private school which had been founded by Prof. Gustave Werner, a preacher of distinction well known throughout all Germany. Here Prof. Knapp educated six teachers who successfully passed the government examination. For six years he was leader of the Mennergesang-verein, Cecilia-verein, and Turner- liedertafel. He remained at Reutlingen nine years. His thought and study had turned his attention to the subject 354 of republican ideas of government and a United Germany. The suffering and distress of the year 1848 awakened his sympathies, and made him an ardent, though cau- tious supporter of the revolutionary ideas of that year. His freedom of speech was offensive to the government, and he became a suspected person. Having been cited for treason, he was tried, but was found not guilty. The dis- pleasure of the government with his course, however, was manifested in his being degraded in the rank of his profes- sion, and he was sent far off to. a small country place where his influence would be lost. An old friend, who had sev- eral years before gone to America, was at this time on a visit to his family in Germany, having informed him that his prospects as a teacher would be much brighter in this country, he decided to emigrate to America. On May 26, 1850, he left Reutlingen apparently to go to his new school in conformity with official orders. His societies, together with prominent burgomasters, accompanied him partly on his way to wish farewell. After separating from them he changed his course, went down the Rhine to Bremen, where he embarked on the ship Ocean, and after a voyage of sixty-four days, landed in Baltimore, August 8, 1850. He at once obtained employment in the house of William A. Marburg, 26 Light Street. He was employed as a tutor for Mr. Marburg’s children, and also as his bookkeeper. Here he remained six months. On February 10, 1851, he secured the position of Principal of the Fourth German Reformed Church School on Calvert Street, Baltimore, which then numbered twenty-eight pupils. He remained there two years, and left the institution in a flourishing condition, the number of pupils having been increased to one hundred and ninety-three. On May 4, 1851, he mar- ried Fraulein Louisa Anne Groezinger, a lady whom he had formerly known in Germany, and who two days before their marriage had arrived in Baltimore. The marriage ceremony was performed by the Rev. Kessler. On leaving the church school, March 1, 1853, he founded a select school on the present ‘site of the Rialto Building, Second Street, Baltimore. He began with eight pupils, and at the close of the year his institution numbered one hundred. That place being too small, he removed to Frederick Street, between Second and Baltimore streets, where he remained six years, and his school having reached the number of four hundred pupils, he removed to Gay Street, the same square, occupying large brick buildings. » He re- mained there several years. His school was incorporated by the State Legislature as F. Knapp’s German and Eng- lish Institute, in 1859. From Gay Street he removed in 1865 to Nos. 29, 31, and 33 Holliday Street, opposite the City Hall, his institution being now firmly established and acquiring wide reputation throughout the country. Here he has remained ever since. Mr. Knapp has had under instruction during a quarter of a century about eight thou- sand pupils, boys and girls, from almost every State in the Union, the Territories, the West Indies, and South America. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Mr. Knapp is extensively known throughout the country as a prominent and successful educator of the young. Within the past few years he has incorporated with his in- stitution a department for the deaf and dumb, the system of instruction having been learned in Germany. His sys- tem, that of vocalization, is the only one of the kind in suc- cessful operation in the State. Mr. Knapp has been and is now prominently identified with leading German and other societies. He was President for four years of the Ger- mania Meennerchor; a director of the Schuetzen-verein ; one of the founders of the Turner-verein, and its first leader; a member of Baltimore city Lodge of Odd Fel- lows, Druids, Harugari, filling all of its chairs; one of the founders of “O’Keil;”’ a prominent member of King David’s Lodge, No. 68, A. F. and A. M., being its organist and treasurer for ten years; a member of Monumental Commandery, Knight Templars, Liederkranz, and direc- tor of the German Waisenhaus. He has travelled exten- sively North, East, West, and South, as a representative to educational conventions, acquiring valuable information for the purposes of school instruction. He gives close at- tention to his business, and carefully supervises every de- partment of his institution. He is a man of great energy and a hard worker; courteous, warm-hearted, and genial. He has had four children: Emma, Willie, Fred, and Ber- tha, the first of whom is married and has children. at a OSHER, Cavin S., Photographer and Temper- se ance Reformer, was born at Newport, Nova ‘s Scotia, August 6, 1825. His parents were 5 James and Mary Mosher, both natives of Nova Scotia, and both of whom died at Windsor, in that colony, within a few days of each other, in the summer of 1858. James Mosher was for many years a Justice of the Peace for the county of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, and his brother was a member of the Provincial Parliament for Hants County. James Mosher was one of the very earli-. est advocates and organizers of total abstinence societies in Nova Scotia, and for years stood almost alone in such advocacy in his section of country, and although he fre- quently encountered hostility and opposition in conse- quence of his earnest devotion to the temperance cause, he never faltered in the great reform, battling manfully in the good cause to the close of his life. In 1857 he rep- resented the Grand Division, Sons of Temperance, of Nova Scotia, in the National Division, at Providence, Rhode Island. His son, Calvin S., the subject of this sketch, caught his enthusiasm, and for more than thirty years has devoted much of his time and means to the ad- vancement of the temperance cause, being equally zealous in his efforts to reclaim the fallen by moral suasion, and to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. secure the enactment and enforcement of laws designed to prevent the evils resulting from the liquor traffic. Mr. Mosher has been an active and efficient worker in the vari- ous temperance organizations, in which he has occupied many prominent positions. He is Secretary of the Mary- land State Temperance Alliance, Worthy Chief Templar of America, Temple of Honor, of the city of Baltimore, and a Past Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Tem- perance of Maryland. His business is that of a photog- rapher, being located at 465 West Baltimore Street, Balti- more, and he occasionally gives art exhibitions for churches and Sunday-schools. In December, 1858, he married Miss Augusta Wilde, only daughter of John and Mary Wilde, of Baltimore. Soon after his marriage he removed to Selma, Alabama, where his three children, Minnie, Ada, and John Hugh were born. In 1870 he returned to Bal- timore, where he has since resided. His daughter Minnie having developed very superior histrionic talent, has rendered great service to the temperance cause by her readings and dramatic recitals, and she has thus been in- strumental, also, in contributing largely to charitable and benevolent causes. Although quite young, she has at- tained considerable local celebrity, and her performances have frequently been mentioned in the highest terms of praise by the press of Baltimore and other places. aN AY, ANDREW J. H., Artist, was born in Washing- OK } ton, District of Columbia, April 27, 1826. His e paternal grandfather was a merchant of Phila- in delphia, in which city his father was born in the year 1775. The latter removed to Washington in 1800, and resided there for several years, acquiring an ample fortune in the printing and bookbinding business. For many years he was Congressional printer, and was a conspicuous member of Washington society. In 1808 he married Mrs. Mary Matilda Pawson, daughter of Captain John Brevitt, of Baltimore, Maryland, an Englishman by birth and son of a wealthy manufacturer of Wolverhamp- ton. At twenty years of age, Mr. Brevitt was prosecuting his studies with an attorney when the war of the Revolu- tion broke out, and his sympathies being entirely with the struggling American colonists, he left home and kin- dred, came to this country and cast in his fortunes with those fighting for freedom. He entered the patriot army as a private and left it with the rank of Captain. He was one of the original members of the “ Society of the Cincin- nati.”” Afterthe war he made his home in Baltimore, and died there in 1819 at the age of sixty-four, leaving three children, two daughters anda son. Mr. Brevitt had seve- ral brothers, one of whom, Dr. Joseph Brevitt, served as a surgeon in the British Army throughout the Revolutionary war, and after the declaration of peace, joined his brother 355 John in Baltimore, where he practiced his profession until his death. The father of Mr. Way removed from Wash- ington in 1830 or 1831, and purchased a farm in Cham- paign County, Ohio, where he died at the age of fifty-seven, in the year 1833. He left two sons, the eldest, George B. Way, born in 1811, was educated in Yale College, and at Oxford, Ohio; studied law in that State with Hon. John C. Wright, and attained distinction in after years as a law- yer and a Judge. He died in Washington in 1868, aged fifty-seven years. The mother of these two sons was a woman of strongly marked character, noted for her vivacity of disposition, her conversational powers and ready wit. She was a leader in the society of Washington, and num- bered among her intimate friends, Mrs. Madison, Mrs. Sea- ton, the Wallacks, and others of note. In the way of art she possessed great natural ability, handling her pencil with much skill and originality, though she had received very little instruction. She displayed much dexterity in needle- work, both in beauty of design and execution. Her younger son, the subject of this sketch, inherited her love of art, and when he was but a very young child his mother used to fill books of blank paper with sketches of every conceivable description for his amusement and entertain- ment. His mother was the object of his fervent worship, and her many noble qualities won his life-long admiration. In 1835 she entered for a third time into the matrimonial state, being then forty-five years of age. Her husband, Colonel Benjamin Franklin Stickney, of Concord, New Hampshire, had been in the service of the United States for the greater part of his life. He was a gentleman of means, owning at that time nearly the whole site of the pres- ent city of Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Way was educated in Balti- more until sixteen years of age, after that at Norwalk and Hudson, Ohio. At eighteen, while yet pursuing his classi- cal studies, a miniature painter of considerable ability visited the town of Norwalk. He was social and agree- able, and young Way becoming interested in the man, be- came infatuated with his work to that extent that he neglected the classics and gave his entire attention to this one fascinating pursuit. He commenced the study of miniature painting with zeal, and persevered until he ac- complished something which his friends declared worthy of unqualified admiration. Up to that time he had be- stowed little thought on the future, and had no fixed idea as to what course he should pursue in life. At the age of nineteen he returned home, and still continued his efforts in painting on ivory. He painted a miniature of his step- father which was considered a strong likeness. His de- ficiency in drawing had become apparent to himself, and he longed to study under a competent master, but his mother was much opposed to his making art a profession, while his stepfather approved it. It was at last agreed that some of his productions should be submitted to a friend of Colonel Stickney in Cincinnati who was compe- tent to judge of his merits, and if he advised the young 356 man to devote himself to art, his mother was to make no further objection. The referee’s opinion was favorable, and at his advice Mr. Way entered the studio of John P. Frankenstein, of Cincinnati, a portrait painter of note, and was at once set to work at drawing bones, and kept at it, to his great disgust, until he had drawn every bone in the human body over and over again. Mr. Frankenstein be- lieving that a thorough knowledge of anatomy was neces- sary to the successful artist, kept the student at it, until the pursuit of art became less attractive to him than it had been. He remained in Cincinnati a year, and having béen put through a course of amber and white, he was al- lowed to paint a head or two in color. At that time he made the acquaintance of many young artists who have since made their mark. Among the number were J. W. Whit- tredge, late President of the N. A. Academy of Design, New York, William Beard, T. Buchanan Read, and J. O. Eaton. At the end of the year he returned to Baltimore, and placed himself under the instruction of Alfred J. Mil-_ ler, the most promising artist then in the city, famed for his rare and valuable collection of Indian studies taken by him from life. After some considerable time with Mr. Miller, he decided on a trip to Europe, which he was enabled to do through the inheritance of six thousand dollars from his father’s estate. He took with him letters of introduction to Hon. Abbott Lawrence, American Minister at the Court of St. James, and to Charles Leslie, the noted painter. He was taken sick in London, which caused a postponement of his trip to the continent for about six months. In the meantime, however, after his recovery, he visited Ireland and Scotland. In the fall of 1850 he went to Paris and entered the atelier of M. Drolling, a leading artist of France. Suffering greatly with dyspepsia, by the advice of a physician he left Paris about the Ist of February and jour- neyed to Rome, seeing Elba, Spezzia, and “ Genoa the Su- perb” by the way. At Rome and Naples he occupied him- self in sight-seeing, and arrived in Florence about the mid- dle of April. He was introduced into the Academy of Fine Arts by Horatio Greenhow, the sculptor. He remained in that city several months, drawing from the antique, and occasionally copying in the Gallery of the Ufizzi. He be- came acquainted with all the American artists who were in Florence at that time, and was in daily intercourse with Greenhow, Randolph Rogers, Joel Hart, Alexander Galt, Ives Terry, Page, Powers, and others. Late in the summer he visited Switzerland, went thence to Paris, and after a second visit to London, to see the Exposition of 1851, he returned to Baltimore. Two years afterward he married Mrs. Kate Griffith, widow of Charles H. Griffith, of Balti- more, and daughter of Nathaniel Horsey, of Delaware, by whom he has had two sons and a daughter. The eldest son, George B., is an artist, and the daughter has a decided talent in that direction. Until after thirty years of age, all of Mr. Way’s art studies were in portraiture. From his childhood he had possessed the faculty of catching a like- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ness with pen or pencil, and as a man had painted many hundred heads, but he was never satisfied with his skill in that line. About the year 1860, he submitted to Mr. E. Leutze, during one of his professional visits to Baltimore, one of his still-life pictures, for his criticism. It received that gentleman’s high commendation, and he has devoted himself to it since with unremitting attention. He has ex- hibited his pictures for many years in the National Academy of New York, in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, and in many other leading institutions throughout the country. He is one of the artists who orig- inated the “ Allston Association’? of Baltimore; also one of those concerned in the rise and progress of the short-lived “‘ Maryland Academy of Art,” and acted as its Vice-President. He has actively participated for the last twenty-five years in every effort made to advance the fine arts in Baltimore, and has been identified with many of the charitable art enterprises during the last ten years. In the summer of 1861 Mr. Way again visited Europe, taking his family with him. He spent several months in London, where he painted many original pictures, and studied the works of George Lance. They went to Paris, when he studied “ St. Jean,” the great fruit painter, and made sev- eral studies from his works in the Luxemburg Gallery, and also from Jaccobee. They returned in the fall of 1862. In 1865 they crossed the Atlantic again, remaining mostly in Paris, studying the works of the great masters. They came back to Baltimore the next year, and have since re- mained in that city. Mr. Way is a man of decidedly re- ligious tendencies, and has been all through life a regular attendant upon divine worship, but has never connected himself with any church. Charles County, Maryland. He was the eldest son of David and Elizabeth (Jenifer) Stone. His i, father was the son of Thomas, the son of William, the a son of John Stone, who was the son of Honorable William Stone, the third Proprietary Governor of Mary- land, from August 6, 1648, to March 25, 1655. His mother was a sister of Honorable Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, the daughter of Dr. Daniel and Ann (Hanson) Jenifer, of Charles County, Maryland, and the granddaughter of Honorable Samuel Hanson. He received a liberal clas- sical education, and read law at Annapolis, in the office of Thomas Johnson, who was afterwards the first con- stitutional Governor of the State of Maryland. He com- menced the practice of law in Fredericktown, Maryland, where he remained two years, and then returned to Charles County. In 1771 he married Margaret Brown, daugh- ter of Dr. Gustavus and Margaret (Bond) Brown, of the same county, who died June 3, 1787, @yeTONE, HonoraBLe THomas, was born in 1743 in » Thomas Stone and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, Robert Goldsbor- ough, William Paca, Samuel Chase, and John Hall were elected, December 8, 1774, by the Maryland Convention, to represent the Province in the Continental Congress, and was re-elected bythe Conventions of April 24, 1775, and of July 26, 1775. He was a member of the Maryland Con- vention which assembled December 7, 1775, and served on the Committee “to report Resolutions for Raising, Clothing, and Victualling the Forces to be raised in this Province ;”” and to report “ Rules and Regulations for the Government of the Forces.’’ January 12, 1776, he and the other delegates to Congress were instructed by the Mary- land Convention, “ not, without the previous knowledge and approbation of the Convention of this Province, to assent to any proposition to declare these Colonies inde- pendent.” The delegates named in the instructions were Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, Robert Golds- borough, William Paca, Samuel Chase, Thomas Stone, Robert Alexander, and John Rogers. These instructions were reaffirmed May 21, 1776, and the same delegates re-elected by ballot. June 28, 1776, these instructions were recalled, the “restrictions therein contained re- moved,” and the delegates were “authorized and em- powered to concur with the other United Colonies, or a majority of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent States.’”” While the Declaration of Indepen- dence was discussed and passed, in Philadelphia, the Con- vention at Annapolis elected the following delegates to Congress, viz., Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, William Paca, Samuel Chase, Thomas Stone, Charles Car- roll of Carrollton, and Robert Alexander. One of them, a new member, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, served until November 10 following, and, August 2, 1776, signed the Declaration of Independence, with Samuel Chase, William Paca, and Thomas Stone. November 10, 1776, the following delegates to the Continental Congress were elected by the Convention of Maryland, viz., Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Samuel Chase, Benjamin Rumsey, and Charles Carroll, barrister. From June 12, 1776, to November 15, 1777, Thomas Stone laboriously served on the Committee charged with preparing the Articles of Confederation. He retired from Congress in 1779 and became a member of the Legislature of Maryland. He was the author of the act which abolished the right of primogeniture in Mary- land. In 1784 and 1785 he was a member of Congress, and for a brief period before his death served in the Sen- ate of Maryland, and was appointed a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of the United States, but declined. Thomas Stone was a devout mem- ber of the Episcopal Church, a gentleman of liberal cul- ture, considerable legal learning, solid acquirements, sound judgment, and much political sagacity. In his hab- its he was simple, strictly temperate, and austere. In dis- position he was retiring and reserved, a man of deep and 46 357 tender feeling, and lavished, without stint, the wealth of his strong affections upon his family. He never recovered from the depressing effects of the death of his wife, and died at his residence, ‘‘ Haverdeventure,” near Port To- bacco, in Charles County, Maryland, October 5, 1787. Upon his tomb the following is inscribed: “ The Archives of Maryland will show the offices of trust he has held. He was an able and faithful lawyer, a wise and virtuous patriot, an honest and good man.” He leftthree children, viz., Frederick, who died in 1793, u youth of extraordi- nary promise ; Margaret, who married Dr. John Moncure Daniel, of Virginia; and Mildred, who married Travers Daniel, a brother of Dr. John Moncure Daniel. Both of the daughters have descendants living. TONE, HONORABLE JOHN Hoskins, was born in iy) 41745 in Charles County, Maryland. He was the $. second son of David Stone and Elizabeth Jenifer, a daughter of Dr. Daniel Jenifer. He was a younger [ brother of Hon. Thomas Stone, who signed the Declaration of Independence. On January 2, 1776, he was elected by the Convention of Maryland Captain in the Battalion of Colonel William Smallwood, and in Decem- ber of the same year rose to the rank of Colonel. He greatly distinguished himself at the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Princeton, and Germantown. In the last- mentioned he received a wound, maiming him for life. He resigned his military commission August 1, 1779. In 1781 he was a clerk in the office of R. R. Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and afterwards was one of the Executive Council of Maryland. He was a member of the Cincinnati Society, and his certificate of membership, signed by George Washington, dated July 22, 1793, is still extant in the possession of his grandson, Nathaniel Pope Causin, of Baltimore. He was Governor of Maryland from 1794 to 1797, and died at his residence in Annapolis, October 5, 1804. He married Miss Couden, a Scotch lady, ‘and. had three children, viz., Couden Stone, who married young and died without issue; Ann Stone, who married Dr. J. Turner, of Charles County, Maryland, and left two children, viz., Zephaniah Turner, who mar- ried Miss Hungerford, of Virginia, and Mary Turner; and Eliza Stone, who was born August 30, 1783, at Annapolis, married February 18, 1808, Dr. Nathaniel Pope Causin, son of Gerard B. and Jenny Pope (Rowe) Causin, and died May 7, 1845, leaving two children, viz., Jane Adelaide Pope Causin, born November 25, 1812, who married March 27, 1832, Dr. Henry F. Con- dict, of New Jersey, and died in September, 1871, leav- ing two children, viz., Causin Condict, and Eliza Stone Condict; and Nathaniel Pope Causin, born August 24, 1815, at Port Tobacco, Maryland, who married, May 14, 358 1855, Eliza Mactiar Warfield, daughter of Daniel and Nancy (Mactiar) Warfield, of Baltimore, and had two children, viz., Nathaniel Pope Causin, deceased} and Nannie D. Causin. oe JupcE MICHAEL JENIFER, was born in 1747, vi) at “ Equality,” in Charles County, Maryland, the third son of David Stone and his second wife, ' Elizabeth Jenifer, daughter of Dr. Daniel Jenifer, of Charles County, Maryland, and granddaughter of Hon. Samuel Hanson. He was a younger brother of Hon. Thomas Stone, who signed the Declaration of Indepen- dence, and of Hon. John Hoskins Stone, who was Gov- ernor of Maryland from 1794 to 1797. Judge Stone was a man of brilliant and versatile talents, exquisite taste, re- fined wit, and conscientious in the discharge of his public and private duties. He was a member of the Convention of Maryland which ratified, April 28, 1788, the Constitution of the United States, served in Congress from 1789 to Janu- ary II, 1791, and voted for locating the seat of the National Government on the banks of the Potomac. On January 11, 1791, he was appointed Chief Judge of the First Judicial Dis- trict of ‘Maryland, comprising the counties of St. Mary’s, Calvert, Prince George’s, and Charles. He married his cousin, Mary Hanson Briscoe, daughter of Samuel Briscoe, and granddaughter of John and Mary (Hanson) Briscoe. Mrs. Mary (Hanson) Briscoe was the daughter of Hon. Rob- ert Hanson, and granddaughter of Colonel John Hanson. Judge Stone left five children, Frederick Daniel Stone, born in 1796, who married in 1819 Eliza Patton, of an ancient Virginia family, who died in 1820, leaving an only son, Hon. Frederick Stone, of Port Tobacco, Maryland; William Briscoe Stone, who married in 1825 Caroline Brown, daughter of Gustavus and Sarah Brown; Mi- chael Jenifer Stone, born May 1, 1806, at ‘ Equality,” Charles County, Maryland, who married, December 1o, 1845, Susan Ann Somervell, daughter of Thomas Trueman and Margaret Terrett (Hollyday) Somervell, and died April 13, 1877; Elizabeth Jenifer Stone, who died in 1875, unmarried ; and Eleanor Stone, who married George Rob- ertson; he died in 1839 and left a son, Captain Michael Stone Robertson, a brave officer in the Confederate Army, who was killed at the battle of Cross Keys. ~ OALE, WILLIAM ARMISTEAD, retired Merchant, 5 p q was born June 7, 1800, in the city of Baltimore. end His angesiors sere English. His great-grand- i father was born in Devonshire, England, and was the first of the name of Moale who came to this country. His great-grandmother was Ellen North, con- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. nected with the old and celebrated English family of that name. His grandfather patented Moale’s Point, on a branch of the Patapsco River. He married Rachel, daugh- ter of General John Hammar, who was President of the King’s Council of the colony of Maryland in the year 1725. This gentleman came to Maryland in 1719, mar- ried in 1725, and died in 1740. Mr. Moale’s grandfather was Chairman of the Committee that received General Washington when on his way to Annapolis. His father, Richard Moale, was born in Baltimore, and was a member of the legal profession. He died at the age of thirty-six. His mother’s maiden name was Judith Carter Armistead ; she was born at the family seat, called ‘ Hesse,’”’ in Matthews County, Virginia. She married at the age of twenty, and died in Baltimore, aged eighty-eight. Mr. Moale ‘had two brothers, John and Richard. The first named was killed by the explosion of the steamer Medora. Mr. Moale was married in February, 1841, to Mary Win- chester, daughter of George Winchester. They have had three sons and two daughters; two of their sons are de- ceased. Their eldest daughter, Judith Carter, married Robert Livingston Cutting, Jr.. of New York; the other daughter, Evelyn Byrd, married J. Townsend Burden, of Troy, New York. Seven generations of the Moale family have worshipped in the congregation of St. Paul’s Church. SWeAMAR, REUBEN Davis, on his paternal side is of % e French descent. His grandfather, Henry Jamar, ra? was exiled from France, and emigrated to America @ early in the eighteenth century. During the Revo- lutionary war he served as a commissioned officer in a Pennsylvania regiment. After the war he settled in Alexandria, Virginia, where he died in his forty-fourth year, of apoplexy. His son Henry, when a boy, removed from Alexandria, Virginia, about the year 1800, to New- ark, Delaware, and subsequently removed to Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, where he continued to reside until his death in 1844. He was one of the pioneers of Method- ism in that town, a trustee of the First Methodist Epis- copal Church, and continued an active and useful member of the Church during his life. He was honored and be- loved for his sterling integrity and deep piety. His wife, Rebecca, was the daughter of James and Hannah Mc- Cauley. They were married April 9, 1812. They had two sons, James Henry, a lawyer, who possessed rare ora- torical powers and great personal and political popularity. He represented his county in the Legislature, and at the time of his death held the office of Register of Wills. Reuben D., the other son, the subject of this sketch, was born in Elkton, June 5, 1815. He was named for Rev. Reuben Davis, a distinguished divine of the Presbyterian Church and an educator of high repute. He was an inti- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. mate and valued friend of Reuben’s father (Henry Jamar). Young Reuben’s education was obtained at the Newark and Elkton academies. After leaving school he adopted the mechanical calling of his father, and prosecuted the business with energy and success until 1849, when he was appointed an Inspector of Customs in the Baltimore Cus- tom-house by Colonel George P. Kane, Collector under the administration of President Millard Fillmore. This was Mr. Jamar’s first entrance on public life. Four years previously he had been the candidate of the Whig party for the office of Sheriff, and though the county was so largely Democratic, Mr. Jamar ran so far ahead of his ticket that his election was lost by only a few votes. Mr. Jamar remained Inspector of Customs until 1852, when he was appointed to a position on the Old Union Line be- tween Baltimore and Philadelphia, by Isaac R. Trimble, then General Superintendent. He was soon transferred to 9 more important position on the Philadelphia, Wil- mington, and Baltimore Railroad. Here, by his courteous manners and proverbial urbanity, he made hosts of friends, and won and retained the confidence and respect of all connected with the management of the road. While thus employed the death of his brother James Henry, in 1855, created a vacancy in the office of Register of Wills, and though the judges of the Orphans’ Court at that time were of opposite politics to Reuben Jamar, yet they selected and appointed him to fill the unexpired term. The Rail- road Company, not being willing to lose the services of Mr. Jamar, he continued his relation to the railroad, and had the duties of the office of Register of Wills performed by James W. Maxwell, Esq., a young lawyer of great per- sonal popularity. In 1866 Mr. Jamar resigned his position with the Railroad Company, and engaged in the grain commission business at Elkton in connection with William B. Thomas, the well-known flour and grain dealer of Phila- delphia. In 1867 he was elected Register of Wills, and at the end of a six years’ term, in 1873, he was re-elected to the same office. In his official capacity he was a pains- taking, courteous, and obliging officer, commanding the esteem and respect of all, irrespective of party. Ere his term of office had expired, December 1, 1878, Mr. Jamar died, and the vacancy occasioned by his death was filled by the Orphans’ Court, by the appointment of his son, Reuben Emory Jamar, the present occupant. Thus for more than fourteen years the Jamar family have, by the popular voice of the county and the selection by the Orphans’ Court, been continuously in that office, On March 6, 1838, Mr. Jamar was married to Annie Re- becca, a daughter of John H. and Sophia Ford, of Cecil County. The Fords are of English descent. Charles, the progenitor of the family in Maryland, emigrated from Cheshire, England (date not known), and located on Bohe- mia Manor, near St. Augustine, and continued to reside there until his death, April 24, 1765. His son John pur- -chased and lived on “Old Fields Point Farm,” on Elk 359 River, opposite “‘ Court-house Point,” so-called because the court-house of the county was then located there. On this farm he built a large mansion-house of brick, imported from England, which is still standing and in good repair. Between these points was a public ferry. Bishops Coke and Asbury often rested for days at Mr. Ford’s hospitable man- sion. John Ford’s son, John Hyland Ford, was the father of Mrs. Reuben D. Jamar. He with Henry Jamar was a pio- neer Methodist in Elkton, and one of the trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal Church in that place. He was much esteemed as an energetic, useful man, of pure life and Christian virtues. Mrs. Jamar’s mother was the daughter of Jeremiah and Catharine Cosden, whose parents emi- grated from England and purchased and settled on what is now known as the “ Ferry Farm,”’ on Bohemia River, now owned and occupied by the Hon. William M. Knight, The surviving children of Reuben D, and Annie R. Jamar are, Alethea Sophia, who married Dr. John E. Owens, now residing and practicing his profession in Chicago; Annie R.; Cora A.; Dr. John H., who is successfully practicing medicine in his native town and vicinity, and who mar- ried Margaret, daughter of William and Mary E. Hollings- worth; Reuben Emory, who succeeded his father in the office of Register of Wills, and who married Victoria B., daughter of James E. and Henrietta Barroll; Mitchell F., who graduated at West Point and is now in the army with the rank of Lieutenant; and Edward W., ticket agent of the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago. Dr. John E. and Annie R. Owens have one child, Marie. Dr, John H. and Margaret Jamar have four children, John Rowland Jamar, Mary Hollingsworth Jamar, Sophia Cosinne Jamar, and Isabel Jamar. Reuben Emory and Victoria B. Jamar have three children, Henrietta Jamar, Laura C. Jamar, and Victoria Barroll Jamar. Mr. Reuben D. Jamar was a member of the Masonic Order and of the Odd Fellows. He was a liberal supporter of the Church and of the edu- cational interests of the town, and was always a friend to the poor, He was a true friend and a useful citizen. The writer of this sketch knew him well and enjoyed his friend- ship for nearly forty years, en ey KON: AGRAW, REV. JAmes, Clergyman and Educator, oy e I was born in Bart Township, Lancaster County, as Pennsylvania, January 1, 1775. His father, John Magraw, a native of Kilkenny, Ireland, hav- a ing been compelled to flee his native land, because of his connection with a secret political club, which was regarded as inimical to the British Government, fled first to Gibraltar, and thence to this country, and settled in Penn- sylvania. Being well educated, he taught school at Upper Octorara, and other places in Lancaster County, Pennsyl- vania. He was a volunteer soldier in a Pennsylvania 360 regiment during the entire Revolutionary war, and was in most of the battles in Eastern Pennsylvania, Dela- ware, and New Jersey. He was at Valley Forge, and crossed the Delaware with Washington, and was wounded at the battle of Princeton. He married Jane Kerr, of Middle Octorara, and died December 22, 1818, aged sixty-eight. Their son James, the subject of this sketch, received his primary education at a classical school near Strasburg, Pennsylvania, and afterwards entered Franklin College, at Lancaster city, where he was graduated with honor. In 1800 he entered upon the study of theology, under the Rev. Nathaniel Sample, pastor of the churches of Leacock and Middle Octorara, In the same year he was received as a candidate for the Gospel ministry by the Presbytery of New Castle: On December 16, 1801, he was licensed by the Presbytery of Middletown, Pennsylvania, and appointed to supply several charges. In 1802 he was sent on a mission tour to Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. In 1803 he received calls from Washington and Buffalo, in Pennsylvania, and from West Nottingham, in Cecil Coun- ty, Maryland. After mature consideration he accepted the call to West Nottingham, and April 4, 1804, was or- dained and installed pastor by the Presbytery of New Castle. The society at that time was comparatively feeble, but it steadily prospered under Mr. Magraw’s ministry, and at the time of his death it was a large and flourishing con- gregation. In 1810 the Upper West Nottingham Church was organized, and Mr. Magraw served that church also until 1821. In 1822 he organized a church at Charlestown and remained its pastor until his death, after which the church at that place became extinct. In 1825 Dickinson College conferred upon Mr. Magraw the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Magraw was a prominent and influential member of the church courts. He took a decided and active part with the Old School, in the church controversy which commenced in 1831, and issued in 1837 in the division of the Church into New and Old School. In reference to the part he sustained in this controversy the Rev. Robert J. Breckenridge, D.D., said, “Beyond a doubt the great chapter in Dr. Magraw’s life was his connection with the reform of the Presbyterian Church from 1831 until his death.” He was a member of the General Assembly of 1834, also an active member of the Convention of Ministers and Elders that met in Philadelphia, and drew up and signed the famous ‘* Actand Testimony.” In 1812, through the agency of Dr. Magraw, the West Nottingham Academy was established. After a few years of indifferent success and frequent changes of teachers, he became its principal, and continued to hold that relation until his death. Under his management this institution attained a high reputation. Students were attracted to it from distant parts of the country, and many who have and still hold prominent positions in business, political, and professional life, re- ceived their education at this academy. Dr. Magraw was emphatically a man of action. His administrative abilities BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. were of a high order. He faithfully discharged the duties of his pastoral charge; efficiently superintended the West Nottingham Academy; was an earnest worker in the tem- perance reform in its infancy ; and amid all these labors, successfully managed the large farm on which he resided. In person Dr. Magraw was tall, somewhat corpulent, and had a robust and vigorous constitution. Endowed with high intellectual powers, of strong will, affable and agree- able manners, he exercised a great influence over his fel- low-men and commanded their respect. On December 6, 1803, he married Rebekah, daughter of Stephen and Jane Cochran, of Cochranville, Chester County, Pennsylvania. She died December 1, 1834, aged fifty-four years. He sur- vived his wife and died October 20, 1835, aged 60 years. His sons, all of whom are now deceased, and who were men of mark and prominence, were James Cochran Magraw, born September 12, 1804, died July 3, 1868; Stephen John Ma- graw, born September 10, 1806, died September 29, 1848; Samuel Martin Magraw, born January 9, 1809, now de- eeased; Robert Mitchell Magraw, born March 14, 1811, died June 13, 1866; Henry Slaymaker Magraw, born De- cember 17, 1815, died February 1, 1867; William Miller Finney Magraw, born May 26, 1818, now deceased. Dr. Magraw had two daughters, Jane Eliza, born March 30, 1813, died November 30, 1826; Ann Isabella, born Janu- ary 30, 1821, died October 27, 1847. Quite a number of his grandchildren are now living, and occupy prominent positions as agriculturists, business, and professional men. enanno) a KWeOPKINSON, Mosss Atwoop, D.D.S., was born Cay . in East Bradford, near the Merrimac River, in we Essex County, Massachusetts, July 24,1824. His @” mother, Maria Atwood Hopkinson, an accomplished ® lady, died during his infancy. ~His father, William Hopkinson, an architect, contractor, and builder, was at one time engaged in the tobacco business, and was for many years the town clerk and town treasurer; and his ancestors for many generations lived, died, and were buried in that town. They were of English descent, and were remotely related to Francis Hopkinson, signer of the Declaration of Independence. His grandfather married Hannah Balch, a daughter of the first minister of Bradford. A remarkable trait of the Hopkinson family has always been a love of personal independence. The town of Brad- ford was noted for its academies. The principal of Brad- ford Academy was Benjamin Greenleaf, the celebrated mathematician. Merrimac Academy had students from the remotest parts of the country. After receiving an educa- tion at this school, the subject of this sketch, at the age of eighteen, obtained the position of Principal of one of the public schools in Amesbury. This school had previously been taught by the poet Whittier. Young Hopkinson sub- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. . sequently held the position of Principal of a successful pri- vate school in the adjoining town of Haverhill. The con- finement incident to this employment was unsuited to his tastes and habits; and as it was his early intention to be- come a medical practitioner, he adopted teaching as a tem- porary employment. He therefore abandoned it, and at the last moment of delay before entering on professional studies, chose dentistry as his future vocation. After an extended and expensive course of private tuition in Boston, he removed to Baltimore in 1847—that city containing at that time the only dental college in the United States, where he graduated in 1849. He immediately entered upon a successful practice in Baltimore. Since the era of cheap dentistry he has been preparing to retire from the profession ; and of late years has been known to business men by his connection with commercial agencies. Dr. Hopkinson has been twice married, once at the residence of the Roman Catholic Archbishop in Baltimore, and once at the Church of the Epiphany in Washington. His first wife, whom he married in 1853, and by whom he hada son (Merrill) and a daughter (Emily), was Miss Lizzie Frailey, a sister of the late Commodore Frailey, of the United States Navy. His second wife died in 1874. Dr. Hopkinson has always been a Democrat. He was, however, a member of the Municipal Reform Convention of 1873, but be- came convinced that the surest and best way to accom- plish reform is within the party. He was a member of the Tilden and Hendricks Club of the Eleventh Ward in Bal- timore in 1876; but never sought political preferment in his life. He is a member of the Grand Lodge of Mary- land Knights of Pythias,a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of the Protestant Episcopal Brotherhood of Baltimore. At an early period of his life, Dr. Hopkinson became a member of the Unitarian Church, but in 1850 he entered the Roman Catholic Church, unit- ing with the Cathedral congregation in Baltimore. It was there that both of his children were baptized. In 1860 he united with Grace Protestant Episcopal Church in Balti- more, of which he is still a member. Having devoted his life to the investigation of religious subjects, and to the search for a system adapted to the restoration of harmony to the Church, and having been baptized by a Unitarian minister and by a Roman Catholic priest, and confirmed by a Roman Catholic archbishop and a Protestant Episcopal bishop, it may be interesting to state the conclusions at which he has arrived. They are briefly as follows: “J. That all religions are necessary. “2, The Christian religion is of infinite importance to mankind. “3. The only way harmony can be restored to the Church is for each denomination to abjure whatever is anti-Christian in its tenets, doctrines, or practices; in other words, to teach Christianity pure and simple, and not de- nominationalism. “4. Intrinsically, no one of the various sects into which 361 the true Christian Church is divided is any better than another; and it is the height of presumption to make the claim. In the judgment of the individual, one may be better suited than another to his state of development. As therefore a choice by an individual of one instead of another on account of its intrinsic superiority cannot be made—one being as good as any other for the purposes for which the Church was instituted—a selection must be made from other considerations, chiefly because it is neces- sary to unite with one of them in order to become a mem- ber of the Church of Christ.” AE one Joun, M.D., was born in Tiverton, Ok $ Rhode Island, March 23, 1793. He was the oo third son of a family of nine children who “ahs = 3" reached adult life. His ancestors were of direct “i English descent on both sides. Their history is traceable for several generations; and the American branch is believed to have come from England with Gov- ernor Winthrop in 1630. His paternal grandfather was Thomas Whitridge, a respectable farmer and mill-owner in Rochester, Massachusetts. His wife was Hannah Has- kell. His grandfather on the maternal side was John Cushing, of Scituate, Massachusetts, a Colonel in the Army of the Revolution, son of Judge John Cushing, and brother of Judge William Cushing, Chief Justice of Massa- chusetts, and for many years Associate Judge of the Su- preme Judicial Court of the United States. He was ap- pointed by President Washington, and was the immediate predecessor of Judge Story. His grandmother on the maternal side was Deborah Barker, a sister of General Joshua Barker. His father, Dr. William Whitridge, was born in Rochester, Massachusetts, 1748. Quite early in life he indicated a remarkable fondness for books. His taste, in this respect, was indulged by his parents, and he was educated for a physician, according to the custom of those days, by private instruction in the family and under the immediate direction of the celebrated Dr. Perry, of New Bedford, Massachusetts. There were then no courses of medical lectures of which he could avail himself. The honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon him by Harvard University in 1823. He was an eager student of chemistry, which at that time was being en- riched with many valuable discoveries. To the study of theology he also gave much attention; and such was his desire to satisfy himself on certain points in the Hebrew Scriptures, that he made himself well acquainted with the Hebrew lauguage after he was fifty years of age. He died at Tiverton, in 1831, at the age of eighty-four. His widow, Mary Cushing Whitridge, survived him fourteen years, and died in 1846 at the age of eighty-seven. Dr. John Whitridge, the subject of this sketch, after receiving 362 the best education the neighborhood afforded, entered Union College, Schenectady, New York, about the year 1812, where he took the degree of Artium Baccalaureus and Artium Magister. He then determined to follow the example of his two elder brothers and enter the profession his father had so zealously and successfully followed, and having pursued his studies in reference thereto, he gradu- ated in medicine at Harvard University in 1819. Soon after, he decided to make the South the field of his labors, and settled in Baltimore, a total stranger, January 1, 1820. In that city he was actively engaged in practice for fifty- three years (until 1873), devoting himself solely to the care of his patients, and positively declining all outside positions of trust and emolument, that would in any measure inter- fere with his duty to those who had intrusted their lives and health to his care. His eldest brother, Dr. William Cushing Whitridge, settled in New Bedford, Massachu- setts, where he practiced his profession until his death. He was the father of the late Horatio LL. Whitridge, a highly esteemed merchant of Baltimore. His second brother, Dr. Joshua Barker Whitridge, after resigning his position as Surgeon in the army, settled, in 1815, at Charleston, South Carolina, where he died during the late war. His younger brother, Thomas Whitridge, is a well-known merchant of Baltimore, extensively engaged in the China and Rio trade. Dr. Whitridge was a vestryman of Christ Church (Protestant Episcopal). In politics he was 2 Whig, and during the civil war a Union man. He died Wednesday, July 24, 1878, at Tiverton, Rhode Island. He married Catharine Cocks Morris, of New York, a sister of General William Morris, and now one of the oldest and most promi- nent lawyers of that city. Dr. Whitridge had six children, one of whom, John A. Whitridge, is a stock broker ; an- other, Dr. William Whitridge, is a practicing physician. One of his daughters married Dr. Philip C. Williams, and another Major Douglass H. Thomas, of Baltimore. Worn THEOPHILUS B., is the second son of oa) Dr. J. Horwitz, a distinguished scholar, who died row’ in the year 1852. Under the latter’s guidance and direction Mr. Horwitz was carefully educated. ; Having determined to adopt the profession of his father he entered the office of Nathan R. Smith, the late eminent Professor of Surgery in the University of Mary- land. Mr. Horwitz’s talents and great diligence soon placed him in the front rank of students in that celebrated school of medicine, where he graduated at the end of the usual curriculum with distinction. For a time he located in Philadelphia, and soon took high rank among the rising medical men of that city. Then, having determined to go abroad, he went to Paris, where for some time under world- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. renowned professors he devoted himself to the study of science, in the pursuit of which he was greatly aided by his thorough knowledge of the French language. Quit- ting Paris, Mr. Horwitz travelled extensively in Europe, visiting every city of note on the Continent, extending his travels to Turkey and Greece. At Rome he resided for some time, studying carefully the great works of art with which the Eternal City abounds. After returning home Mr. Horwitz determined to study law, and in the year 1854 was admitted to the bar. He soon took a high position in the profession. In 1860 he married Mary Barroll, daughter of the late James E. Barroll, of Cecil County, Maryland, a well-known and prominent member of the Maryland bar, who amassed a considerable fortune by the practice of his profession. Mr. Horwitz’s learning, his untiring industry, and his knowledge of mankind, rapidly brought him a large clientage, and he now enjoys an ex- tensive and profitable practice. His devotion to his clients and the ability and zeal with which he espouses their in- terests not only endear him to them but often operate on the minds of the jury so as to convince them that the right must be on the side of one so earnest, so persistent, so satisfied that his cause is just. Mr. Horwitz isa singularly cautious and reliable counsellor, a ready and effective speaker, and a vigorous and graceful writer. In the man- agement of his cases he is ingenious and skilful. He, however, never goes into the trial of a case without the most ample and laborious preparation, leaving nothing to chance. Mr. Horwitz possesses many of the noblest quali- ties of manhood, He is generous to a fault, his hand is ever open to the poor, and all who come in contact with him are impressed with his courtesy of manner, his frank- ness and his sincerity. Wve GOVERNOR JOHN EAGER, was born June o ¥ 4, 1752, in Baltimore County, Maryland. He was a the third son of Cornelius and Ruth (Eager) How- i ard, and the grandson of Joshua Howard, a native { of England, who settled in Maryland about 1685, and obtained a grant of land in Baltimore County. He married Miss Joanna O’Carroll, a lady of Irish parentage. The Eagers came to America from England soon after the charter to Lord Baltimore, During the century that elapsed from the period when John Eager Howard’s ancestors came to this country to the Revolution, nothing of special historic interest is recorded of them. The events of the struggles of the Colonies against the home Government brought the subject of this sketch into the foreground of patriotism and military renown. Upon his expressing a desire to take a part in the approaching struggle, he was offered a Colonel’s commission, but being distrustful of his abilities to perform the duties appertaining to that rank, he BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. preferred the humbler station of a Captain, and such a commission was accordingly attained for him in one of those bodies of militia termed flying camps, in the regiment commanded by Colonel J. Carvil Hall. Captain Howard enlisted a company in two days and marched immediately to join the army. He was present at the battle of White Plains, and continued to serve as Captain until December, 1776. When the battalions were rearranged as regulars, March, 1777, he was appointed Major of the Fourth Bat- talion. He was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Regiment, March 11,1779. He served through the whole war with distinguished valor, participating in the following battles: White Plains, October, 1776; Ger- mantown, October 4, 1777; Monmouth, June 28, 1778; Cowpens, January 17, 1781; Hobkirk’s Hill, April 25, 1781, and won imperishable renown at Camden and Guil- ford. After the Revolution Colonel Howard retired to his patrimonial estate. In 1787 he represented Maryland in the Continental Congress. In 1788 he was chosen the Governor of Maryland, which post he filled for the consti- tutional period of three years, during which time the Federal Government was adopted and put into operation. In 1794 he was appointed a Major-General of militia, but declined accepting the commission. In 1795 General Washington tendered him the Secretaryship of War, which offer was respectfully declined. He served in the Senate of the United States from November 30, 1796, to March 3, 1803, and was President fro ¢em. of the Senate in the Sixth Con- gress. When Baltimore was threatened by the British in 1814, he was again brought from his retirement, and headed a troop of aged men torender such services as their infirmi- ties would allow. May 18, 1787, Colonel Howard married Margaret Chew, the eldest daughter of Hon. Benjamin Chew, of Philadelphia. He had children, viz, John Eager Howard, born June 25, 1788, who married, December 20, 1820, Cornelia Annabella Read, and died October 18, 1822; George Howard, born November 21, 1789, who married, December 26, 1811, Prudence Gough Ridgely, and died August 2, 1846; Benjamin Chew Howard, born November 5, 1791, who married, February 24, 1818, Jane Grant Gil- mor, and died in 1872; William Howard, born December 16, 1793, who married, May 14, 1828, Rebecca Ann Key, and died August 25, 1834; Julianna Elizabeth Howard, born May 3, 1796, who married, December 7, 1819, John Mc- Henry, and died May 22, 1821 ; James, born December 17, 1797, who married, first, Sophia Gough Ridgely, secondly, Catharine M. Ross, and died March 19, 1870; Sophia Catharine Howard, born. March 6, 1800, who married, May 7, 1825, William George Read; Charles, born April 26, 1802, who married, November 9, 1825, Elizabeth Phoebe Key, and died June 18, 1869; and Mary Anne Howard, born February 16, 1806, and died May 20, 1806. Governor Howard died October 12, 1827, at his country seat, Belve- dere, and there never lived a braver or more gallant man, one more true to his native State, and faithful to his country. 363 His funeral was attended by the public authorities of the city and an immense concourse of people. “A mourn- ful interest appeared to pervade all ranks of the community, who flocked from every quarter to take a farewell glimpse of the remains of one who had possessed whilst living their unbounded respect. The military appeared in fine order, and the hollow beat of their muffled drums told that a soldier had gone to rest’? “Few men have enjoyed a more enviable lot; his youth distinguished in the field, his age in the council, and every period solaced by the attach- ment of friends.” He left behind him a noble record SEALE, JAMES FRANKLIN, the only son of Martin )G and Sarah A. (Beard) Deale, was born in Balti- f more, May 11, 1845. His father died when he i was only two months old; his mother, who has ae always remained a widow, resides with her son. Her father, John Beard, a native of Anne Arundel County, was an officer in the war of 1812, and was engaged in the battle of North Point. He and his father, also named John Beard, were merchants of Baltimore. Their ances- tors emigrated from England in the early settlement of Maryland. The ancestors of the Deale family were Scotch. They also came at an early period in the history of Maryland, and settled at West River, where some of their descendants still reside. James F. Deale was edu- cated in his native city, in the public schools and in Balti- more City College. Leaving the latter at eighteen years of age, he went into the commission business with Messrs. Marling & Son, with whom he remained two years. He then engaged as a clerk two years in the Harnden Express Company, a branch of the Adams Express. In 1867 he went to San Francisco, and ina short time entered the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, remaining three years in the service. He made four trips to China, stopping first at Yokohama and proceeding thence to Hong Kong. At the latter city he had a beautiful picture of his mother painted from a carte de visite. It was in oil, nearly life size, and wonderful in its fidelity and beauty of execution. Mr. Deale learned the language of the “ Flow- ery Kingdom,” and when the Chinese Embassy were in Baltimore, in October, 1878, he conversed with Chin Pan Ling in his own tongue, greatly to his delight. The ships brought at every trip from fifteen hundred to two thousand Chinese to California. Mr. Deale returned to Maryland in 1870 and connected himself with the Gas Light Com- pany of Baltimore, transferring his services in 1872 to the People’s Gas Light Company. He remained with the lat- ter till November 1, 1878. In 1873 he was married to Laura B., daughter of William Collison, of Baltimore. They have two children, Beatrice Barron and William Collison. Mr. Deale is a member of the Democratic 364 party, and has taken an active interest in political affairs for several years. In 1876 he was appointed a member of the School Board of the city of Baltimore from the Eighteenth Ward, which position he filled with ability till elected to a seat in the First Branch of the City Council from the same ward in 1878. Mr. Deale is a gentleman of superior intelligence, and of very prepossessing appear- ance. He isa natural leader, and combines in a rare de- gree those elements which insure popularity and success. AS () ROCKE, Ciaas, was born, November 18, 1815, at a) 2 Emden, then kingdom of Hanover, Germany. ,RADLEY, Honoras_e STEPHEN J., of Queen SA Anne’s County, Maryland, was born in Caroline County, December 17, 1808. His father, John Bradley, a farmer, died in Tuckahoe Neck, Caroline $ County, in 1820, His mother was Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin Jump, of the same county. She was a devoted Christian, 2 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and an exemplary wife and mother. She died in 1818, when her son Stephen was only ten years of age. He commenced attending school the year previous. His opportunities of education were equal to those enjoyed by the other farmers’ sons of that time and locality, but would be considered very poor at the present day. In 1826 he left school and engaged as a clerk in the store of Captain Thomas Auld, the former master of Frederick Douglas. He was afterward a short time a clerk in Hillsboro. At the age of nineteen he com- menced an independent life as a farmer, to which occupa- tion he has from that time devoted himself. The farm he cultivated, known as the Bradley Farm, had already been 368 in the family for four generations, its earliest possessor having been Charles Bradley, who came from England in the latter part of the seventeenth century. He was accom- panied by his brother Stephen, who settled in Annapolis, and was, in his time, a well-known attorney-at-law. In 1834 Mr. Bradley removed to Queen Anne’s County, settling near Hillsboro, and in 1842 removed to the estate on which he now resides. It is known as “ Cottage Hill,” and is situated a mile and a half south of Sudlersville. In 1848 he was nominated and elected by the Whig party as Sheriff of the county, in which office he served three years. In 1853 he was elected on the same ticket to the General Assembly, and served two years. He was nominated for State Senator on the American ticket in 1857, his opponent being ex-Governor Grayson. Mr. Bradley was the only one of his party elected, the Democrats carrying their candi- dates for the Lower House. In 1867 he was nominated and elected on the Democratic ticket to the State Constitu- tional Convention. The public life of Mr. Bradley ex- tended over a period of twenty years. In 1872 he was nominated, but declined to serve, as a member of the Orphans’ Court of his county. Since 1827 he has been a member of the Methodist Church ; he now belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. On June 29, 1828, he was married to Maria F., daughter of Daniel Baynard, of Caroline County. At her death she left five children, one of whom, Rebecca Ann, died in 1848. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Bradley married her sister, Elizabeth, by whom he has two daughters living. He is a man of sterling character and fine abilities, greatly respected and esteemed in the community in which he lives. WNSAVIS, WILLIAM Henry, M.D., son of John and i Mary (Whitelock) Davis, was born in the city of Baltimore, September 22, 1810. His father, an D.. eminent civil engineer, was born in England in P 1770. Towards the last of the century he emi- grated to the United States and settled in Philadelphia. Having lost his first wife he married, about the year 1800, Miss Mary Whitelock, of Frankford, now a part of that city. Of their children four sons and three daughters grew to maturity. In his professional capacity as civil en- gineer Mr. Davis was identified with the Fairmount Water Works. Early in the present century he removed his family to Maryland, and was for a number of years en- gaged in the construction of the Baltimore and Cumber- land Turnpike. He macadamized that famous public road from Hagerstown to Boontown, it being the first work of the kind in the United States. At his death he had at- tained the great age of ninety-five years. His son William Henry received his early education at the Hagerstown Academy. He passed through the full course at Dickin- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. son College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and graduated M.D. from the University of Maryland in 1834, since which time he has devoted himself to his profession in the city of Bal- timore, giving up his practice only quite recently. He was married, in 1836, to Miss Lydia Poultney. They have no children. Dr. Davis is without question one of the repre- sentative professional men of Baltimore. At his birth the population of the city was only about ten thousand. He has witnessed its wonderful growth in numbers, prosperity, and power, and growing up with it has been identified with it all his life. For nearly half a century he has been one of its leading professional men, faithfully, ably, and honorably maintaining the dignity of his high calling. Shunning notoriety, he has quietly pursued his way, yet respected by all as a profound student, a trusted and skil- ful physician, anda conscientious and high-minded gentle- man. He enjoyed in his day a very extensive and lucra- tive practice, and now in his ripening age, serene and hale, he enjoys the fruit of his labors, and the continued respect and affection of his many friends. Shaw, was born at Moscow Mills, near Barton, r* Alleghany County, Maryland, November 4, 1837. The ancestors of the family emigrated from England to America early in the seventeenth century. His father served with distinction in the war of 1812. He was an extensive landowner in George Creek Valley, and realized large sums of money for his coal lands, as the coal de- posits and industrial interests of that region were devel- oped. In his younger years he travelled extensively, and in 1825, before steam navigation of the ocean, he un- dertook a trip to Europe, and was shipwrecked off the coast of Ireland. For many days the survivors were ex- posed to the inclemencies of the weather in an open boat, and pressed by starvation, were at the point of drawing lots that one man might give up his life for food for the rest, when a sail was hailed and a ship appeared to their relief. He kept a diary, giving a full and graphic account of his travels and experiences, which is in the possession of his son Andrew. The latter was of a studious disposi- tion, ‘devoted to his books, and, favored with abundant time HAW, ANDREW Bruce, Manufacturer and Capital- tity) ist, son of Major William and Patsy Elliott (Burns) x ‘and means, improved well his opportunities. Otherwise his educational facilities were not superior, being con- fined to the district school of his native place, and one coursé at the High School at Fairmount, West Vir- ginia. While his father lived he was closely occupied in transacting for him the business growing out of the care of his property. His father had given leasehold titles to a great portion of his land in George Creek Valley, that had been laid off in town lots. The rents of these leases were BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. payable mostly in monthly instalments, and brought a handsome revenue to his father. They are still a source of income to the heirs. On the death of his father, in 1867, Mr. Andrew Shaw administered on the estate, and in the sale of the property purchased the homestead at Mos- cow, which he has greatly improved, having built a new and handsome brick dwelling-house and barn. He has also erected on the place a large steam saw and planing mill, and in connection with it engaged in the manufacture of house-building material. He has built the principal part of the village of Moscow, consisting of between thirty and forty houses. He has also in operation a large flouring and grist mill, which is doing a profitable business. Mr. Shaw has donea great deal to develop the industrial interests of his section, the trade of which is principally in coal. He has travelled considerably through the States and Terri- tories, principally for his own gratification and to add to his mental stores. In 1873 he was initiated into the Ma- sonic fraternity, in Barton Lodge. He has never made a religious profession, and is not sectarian in his views. His political faith is that of the Republican party. He was married, September 15, 1868, to Mary Martha, daughter of Theodore W. Dawson, Springfield, Ohio, They have now two sons and two daughters. Mr. Shaw is a man of fine personal appearance, and pleasing address. Both in his social and business relations he is affable and courteous, and his uniform kindness of manner and many generous deeds win for him unbounded confidence and regard. WeOHNSON, Samus M., Coal Merchant, was born in " New Castle County, Delaware, October 28, 1815. x His paternal grandfather was a native of Dublin, z Treland, and his maternal, of Scotland. His parents were William and Sarah Johnson. At the age of twenty-two years Mr. Johnson removed to Baltimore, where he engaged in the hewing of timber for the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad, and subsequently in the laying of the track for that road between Baltimore and Cumber- land. He was afterwards in the employment of the Annap- olis and Elkridge Railroad Company, also that of the Phil- adelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad Company, in each as Superintendent of track-laying. After several years’ service rendered the latter company, much of which time was spent in connection with coal transportation, Mr. Johnson engaged in the coal and lighter business, erecting at Canton a coal pier for the shipment of coal, shortly after which he removed to Locust Point and erected an- other coal pier. He was the first shipper of bituminous coal from the city of Baltimore. Mr. Johnson was iden- tified with the George’s Creek Coal Company, as Super- intendent. In 1863, with Charles J. Baker, he purchased 369 the coal pier owned by Dobbin & Warfield, and conducted his business, in connection with steam harbor tugs, until the time of his death. He was ranked among the most extensive and prominent coal dealers in the city, and dur- ing his long business career was never known to give a note, his operations being exclusively upon a cash basis. During his life of active, laborious business, he accumu- lated considerable property. Mr, Johnson was of the Presbyterian faith, and was an Elder of the Broadway Church for several years. Until the time of his death he contributed liberally to the support of the above church. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, as also of the order of Odd Fellows. In political sentiment he was a Whig, of the Henry Clay school, and during the late civil war was an unfaltering Union man. He married, June 18, 1848, Miss Henrietta M. Waters, daughter of William Waters, of Somerset County, Maryland. His wife was connected by blood with the Presbyterian stock which settled in Maryland in the early part of the eighteenth century. He died, December 24, 1878, survived by his wife and one son, W. W. Johnson, his successor in the extensive coal business of S. M. Johnson & Son. Mr. Johnson was a man of great force of character, indomi- table energy and the strictest integrity, and his death was universally regretted by all who knew him. His grandfather, the Rev. William Torbert, of i the Philadelphia Annual Conference of the Meth- a odist Episcopal Church, was an able and influ- ential minister of that denomination, and extensively known throughout Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the East- ern Shore of Maryland. His father, William Torbert, was for many years the leading merchant in Elkton. He has occupied many prominent local positions; has always been an active and influential member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and to him, Methodism in that place is indebted probably more than to any other living person. For forty years he has held the position of Superintendent of the Sunday-school attached to his church. Of consis- tent religious life, irreproachable character, and unques- tioned probity, he is greatly honored and esteemed. In June, 1832, he married Adaline Matilda, a granddaughter of the Rev. William Silver, of Christiana, Delaware. Their children were Mary Amanda, who died in infancy, Henry Robinson, W. F. Asbury, John, and Edwin Janes Torbert. Henry R., the subject of this sketch, received his primary education at the Elkton Academy; in 1851 entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was graduated with the honors of his class in June, 1855. N ‘aaa HEnrRyY Rosinson, Journalist, was born J c at Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, July 17, 1834. 370 In the autumn of the same year he commenced the study of law in the office of the late Colonel John C. Groome, and was admitted to the bar of Cecil County in the fall of 1859. Endowed by nature with more than ordinary ad- vantages in personal appearance, voice, and manner, classi- cally educa, and proficient as a student, he gave prom- ise of eminence in his profession, which he would doubt- less have attained, if he had continued uninterrupted in the prosecution of it. Losses and consequent financial embarrassments led him to relinquish for the time being the practice of law and devote himself to the business interests of his father. In 1862 he resumed the practice of his profession, and in 1863 was elected State’s Attorney. This office he filled with credit to himself and advantage to the State, until January, 1866, when a vacancy having occurred by the death of the clerk of the Court, Mr. Tor- bert was induced to accept the appointment, at the hands of Judge John H. Price, and remained in that position until the next general election, in the fall of 1867. On the outbreak of the rebellion Mr. Torbert, then a Democrat, espoused the Union cause, and by his public speeches did much to rally the people of his county to the support of the Government. One of his brothers, William F. A. Torbert, an unusually popular and genial man, joined the Second Delaware Regiment, and was soon promoted to the rank of Major, on the staff of General French, with whom he served through the entire Peninsular campaign, under General McClellan. In May, 1864, he was trans- ferred to the navy, as an acting Assistant Paymaster, and was attached to the ironclad Lehigh of the South Atlan- tic blockading squadron from that time until the close of the war. He was mentioned for bravery in the attack on Fort Sumter while on the Lehigh, having acted as a special aid to Captain Badger in that engagement. He became past Assistant Paymaster in July, 1866, during which year he was on special duty at Pensacola. He was commissioned Paymaster September, 1868. He was on duty on the supply steamer Massachusetts, on the steam sloop Wampanoag, on special duty on the practice ship Savannah, and in 1870 was assigned to the Idaho, at Yokohama, Japan, where he remained until 1873. After his return from Japan he was assigned as Paymaster of the receiving ship Potomac, at the Navy Yard, Philadelphia, where he died from congestion of the brain, October 4, 1874, greatly lamented by his fellow-officers. Another brother, John, enlisted as a private in the Anderson Cavalry, of Philadelphia, and was afterwards promoted to a lieuten- ancy on the staff of his cousin, General A. T. A. Torbert, and served during the war. General Torbert is a graduate of West Point, of the class of 1855. He was a dashing cavalry officer, and attained the rank of Major-General of volunteers. Resigning the service at the close of the war, he married Mary, only daughter of Daniel Curry, of Mil- ford, Delaware, and located in that town. He was since, by appointments of President Grant, Minister to San BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Salvador, afterwards Consul-General at Havana, and recently at Paris, where -he was succeeded by Mr. Fair- child. Edwin J., the other brother, is married and resides in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In 1868 Mr. Torbert was nominated for Congress, from the First Congressional Dis- trict of Maryland, embracing the eight counties of the Eastern Shore, a territory so intensely in sympathy with the South that but little hope could be entertained of the election of a Republican candidate. He made an active and telling canvass of his district, but the odds were too great to be overcome. In 1870 he was again nominated for Congress with like results. In 1869 he was appointed Deputy Surveyor of the port of Baltimore, and continued in that office efficiently discharging the duties without the taint of suspicion or cause of complaint for a period of nine years. In January, 1876, Mr. Torbert purchased of E.E. Ewing, Esq-, the building, stock, etc., of The Cecil Whig, and has since conducted the same, as proprietor and editor. His education, talents, and literary tastes qualify him well for a journalist, and under his management the Whig is now recognized as one of the ablest county papers in the State. On December 24, 1867, he married Mary Rachel, daughter of Colonel Edwin and Hannah Elizabeth (Megredy) Wilmer. The ceremony was performed by Bishop Levi Scott of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Torbert have two children, Victor Megredy and Florence Elizabeth Torbert. These children on the maternal side are the eighth generation of the family to the manor born of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, CLL AOD (iWeOWARD, Joun Eacer, grandson of Colonel John a WI ‘ Eager Howard, being the only child of his eldest son, John E. Howard, who died in early man- (>, hood, was born September 3, 1821. Upon the breaking out of the war with Mexico he raised a company for the Regiment of Voltigeurs. In the storm- ing of Chapultepec he was among the first to mount the walls, and was breveted Major for his gallant conduct on this occasion; being specially mentioned by General Win- field Scott in his despatch of December 13, 1847. He died August 14, 1862. WiNecCOOMBS, Azranam P., Editor and Proprietor 5 » 5 e of The Havre Republican, and General Manager het and one of the Proprietors of the Havre Iron i Company, was born in Coventry, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 16, 1824. His grandfather, William McCoombs, was born of Scotch parents in the city of Armagh, Ireland, in 1765, where also his wife, Elizabeth McCoombs, was born in 1769. Both emigrated BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to the United States in 1787, landing at New Castle, Dela- ware. The following year they were married and bought a small farm near Newark, in the same State, where their eldest son, George T. McCoombs, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born July 19,1797. He married Ellen Prizer, of Chester County, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1823. The McCoomb name was closely identified with Metho- dism in its early days, both in this and the mother country, and all the sons of the emigrant, George T., James, and William, were licensed preachers in that denomination. William was a distinguished member of the Philadelphia Conference for fifty years. George T. was assassinated near Allentown, Pennsylvania, in October, 1836. His son Abraham attended the public schools of his native county, and spent two terms at the Loller Academy, Hat- boro, Montgomery County. His opportunities for im- provement were few, but his natural taste inclined him to reading and general literature, and at an early age he wrote songs and essays, which were published in the Phila- delphia Weekly Ledger, Saturday Evening Post, and other papers. On leaving school he spent three years in farm work, for three years was a clerk in a store in Chester County, and for three years taught school near Reading. In this place he formed the acquaintance of Miss Maria C., daughter of Louis Schott, of Lebanon, in the same State, to whom he was married March 29, 1849; after which he was employed as Clerk and Assistant Manager at the iron works of Robeson, Brooks & Co., situated two miles above the city of Reading. He there remained until the spring of 1855, when he took charge as General Manager of the Sarah Furnace Company’s Iron Works, belonging to the well-known firm of P. A. & S. Small, of York, Pennsyl- vania, and went to reside in the Fourth District, Harford County, Maryland. This he continued for ten years, and in 1865 took a similar position at the Ashland Iron Works, of Baltimore County, belonging to the same parties. In the spring of 1866, Mr. McCoombs, with others, organized a stock company, known as the Havre Iron Company, and purchased the iron furnaces at Havre de Grace from Mr. George P. Whittaker, taking charge of them himself as General Manager, and removing to that place. In 1868, to save a claim, he bought the printing office of the Havre Independent, a small temperance paper which had failed, and commenced the publication of the Havre Republican, which he still owns and edits, advocating the principles of the Republican party, and at that time the election of General Grant. He organized, in 1862, a company of Militia Home Guards, of which he was commissioned Captain by Governor Bradford, October 16, 1862. In May, 1869, he was appointed Deputy Collector of the Port of Havre de Grace, which position he held eight years; and was elected one of the Town Commissioners for the year 1877. Brought up strictly in the church of his parents, Mr. McCoombs held the same views until his arrival at mature age, but without having made any public profes- 371 sion. Afterwards his religious convictions became those of the liberal Christianity of the age. He has always been a liberal but decided Republican, but took issue with that party on its financial policy as early as 1872, and as this policy and the money question became more and more one of general interest and public discussion, his opposition strengthened, till by his continuous and zealous support of the general features and theories of the Greenback Labor Party through his paper, he became one of its recognized advocates and exponents. In the fall of 1878, against his expressed wish, he was made the Congressional nominee of that party in the Second District, and polled a respectable vote, carrying his own home district by a handsome ma- jority.over all opponents. His eldest son is now twenty- nine years of age; is married, and engaged in the publish- ing business in New York city. He has two daughters, aged respectively five and eleven years. (i ORRIS, Martin FERDINAND, LL.D., Lawyer, iL \ son of John and Joanna (Colbert) Morris, was meee" ‘born near Youghal, Ireland, December 3, 1834. | His father descended from a Welsh family, who settled in the South of Ireland about three hun- dred years ago. His mother was the daughter of a country gentleman, the ancestors of both parents having been in good circumstances and possessed of landed estates. John Morris and his wife were both the younger children of large families, and removed to America as offering better prospects of success in life. The former was a man of character, good business habits, and a devoted Christian. He died when his son Martin Ferdinand was quile young, his widow surviving him until 1877. Young Martin F. at a suitable age was sent to Georgetown College, District of Columbia, where he received a classical education. He continued his studies for some time afterward at Frederick, Maryland, with the intention of entering the Catholic priest- hood, but finally decided to adopt the legal profession, and accepted the position of teacher in Georgetown College. Here he was thorough, popular, and successful, and a gen- eral favorite, retaining the position for several years, and devoting his spare hours to the study of the law. In 1863 he was admitted to the bar in Baltimore, in which city he practiced three years, when he removed to Washington, where he soon after formed an association with Hon. Richard T. Merrick, which is still continued. Mr. Morris was connected with the second trial of John H. Surratt. He was elected some years since to a chair in the Law De- partment of the Georgetown University, and has delivered two courses of lectures to large classes with great accep- tance. In 1877 he received from that University the de- gree of Doctor of Laws. In his studies outside of his pro- 372 fession he has a special fondness for mathematics, but the extent and minuteness of his historical knowledge is very remarkable, particularly in ancient history and literature. He is a member of the Philosophical Society of Washing- ton, the Literary Society of the same city, the Bar Asso- ciation of the District of Columbia, the Philodemic So- ciety, and the Society of the Alumni of Georgetown College. In the winter of 1876-7 he delivered a course of lectures before the Carroll Institute in Washington, which were marked by great historical research and much analytical ability. Mr. Morris is very prominent as a lawyer, and is held in high regard by the members of his profession, the business men of Washington, and all who enjoy his ac- quaintance. Few men in any community are more univer- sally respected. He is of slight figure, medium height, and his face is expressive both of talent and great kindness of heart. He was brought up in the Catholic Church, of which he is «4 devoted member, and in politics is a firm believer in the Democratic principles enunciated by Thomas Jef- ferson. iV ORRIS, Joun T., of the firm of Hinkley & Mor- OG ris, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Balti- ‘ more, Maryland, was born in Baltimore, June 4, q 1827. His father was born in 1793, of Irish de- scent. His mother, who was of Scotch descent, was born in December, 1797. They were married in Bal- timore, May 31, 1825. They were both members of the First English Lutheran Church of Baltimore, and died in its communion, his father in 1835, his mother in 1842. His early education was received at Long Green Academy, formerly under the control of Rev. George Morrison, where he remained as a pupil until thirteen years of age. He then entered the Pennsylvania College, a Lutheran in- stitution, at Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania, where he took the full course and graduated in 1844, in the eighteenth year of his age. After his graduation, he spent a year in social visitations and literary pursuits. In 1846 he commenced the study of law in the office of Edward Hinkley & Son, and two years afterwards was admitted to practice and became a partner with them, which continued until the death of Edward Hinkley. After his death the firm was continued by Edward Otis Hinkley and the sub- ject of this sketch; subsequently, Thomas J. Morris was admitted, and they now constitute one law firm. While yet a young man, Mr. Morris became a member of the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore, which position he filled for a short time, declining a re-election, and has always refused since then to accept any political office, either State or municipal. He does not like politics or political life, and has never held any office of profit, ex- cept that just named. In 1856 he was elected to a seat in BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the Board of Commissioners of Public Schools, and with the exception of a short intermission, he has held that posi- tion ever since. In 1869 he was elected President of that Board, and has held that office until the present time. Only those who have a practical knowledge of the many matters of importance constantly arising in a Board of Education, requiring rare characteristics of intelligence, firmness, tact, courtesy, and administrative capacity, can appreciate the value of such a man as the present President of the School Board. Much of the success which has at- tended the operations of the Board of Commissioners of Public Schools, is due to Mr. Morris’s judicious distribu- tion to each member of the work especially suited to him. It is not surprising that with’ the peculiar adaptability to his position as President, coupled with a most commenda- ble zeal and enthusiasm in the work of our public schools,. he should be held in popular esteem as a most useful and public-spirited citizen. Mr. Morris was appointed one of the original Board of Fire Commissioners in 1859, by Mayor Swann, to organize the Paid Fire Department. In 1862 he was elected President of that Board, and served in that capacity for several years, devoting to its many re- quirements that conscientious and intelligent attention which distinguishes his discharge of every public and pri- vate duty. Having served as President for several years he resigned and declined a re-election, but in 1874 he was re- appointed by Mayor Vansant, and elected President of the Board, and held the position until the expiration of his term in 1878. In 1867 he was appointed one of the Managers of the House of Refuge, on the part of the State, in which capacity he still takes an active part. In 1865 he was elected a Director of the Maryland Institute for the Instruction of the Blind, became Secretary of the Board the following year, and continues in that position until the present time. No man in public position in Bal- timore is more deservedly popular than Mr. Morris. "For several years he has been a member of St. Andrew’s Society (Scotch), and is now its Vice-President. He has been for fifteen years a member of the Poor Association, and for many years connected with the Maryland Historical Society. Not one of all the offices above enumerated, which Mr. Morris has so long filled, is a place of profit—de- sirable for purposes of pecuniary gain or political advance- ment. There is no compensation attached to any of them save that first-named. He has devoted to them much valuable time, which has often stood in the way of other engagements, and from which professional emolument would have been derived. The firm of Hinkley & Morris, to whose recognized rank in the legal profession he largely contributes, is among the most respected and learned in Baltimore. In politics, Mr. Morris has always been a con- sistent but Conservative Democrat, and never suffers his politics to influence him in the discharge of his public duties. In religion, he is a Lutheran, having been raised in that communion. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Yo JAMES THOMAS, was born in Georgetown, f KA } District of Columbia, August 21, 1820. His f father, Ulysses Ward, was born near Rockville, i, Montgomery County, Maryland, April 3, 1792, oe being the youngest of eight children of John Ward (born in London, England, August 1, O. S., 1747), and Mary Ann Eustatia (maiden name Forbes), born in Lon- don, January I, 1752, whocame to America in 1770, and settled first in Prince George’s County, Maryland, whence they removed to Montgomery County, in 1776. The an- cestors of John Ward had resided during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Yorkshire, England, being farmers by occupation; about the beginning of the eighteenth cen- tury, the branch of the family from which he more imme- diately descended removed to London. On the mother’s side, the ancestors of Mr. Ward were of Scottish origin. Ulysses Ward, his father, was married, September 26, 1816, to Susan Valinda Beall, daughter of James Beall (died 1821), son of James Beall, of the same family with George Beall, one of the first settlers of Georgetown, D. C., and son of Ninian Beall, who emigrated from Scotland toward the close of the seventeenth century, and died in Maryland’ at the great age of one hundred and seven years. Of the seven children of Ulysses and Susan Valinda Ward, James Thomas was the second. At the time of his birth his mother was a member of the Protestant Episcopal, and his father of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which latter his mother also subsequently joined; and by a minister of which (the Rev. John Davis) he was baptized. His parents then resided in Georgetown, as before intimated, and continued there until the spring of 1822, when they removed to Prince George’s County; and thence, after a brief stay in Georgetown, to Washington city, April, 1826, which be- came their permanent place of residence until the death of the father, March 30, 1868, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. Ulysses Ward was a most industrious, enterpris- ing, and useful man. Asa local preacher in the Metho- dist Church, he became quite popular for his earnest labors, and was successful in winning many souls to Christ. He was extensively known as a business man; first as a master workman in his trade, and afterwards as a merchant, and, when he had acquired wealth, as a benefactor, in church and city, by the judicious and liberal bestowment of his means. In the schools of Washington Mr. Ward received his first lessons in the common branches of an English education, his principal instructors being the well-known John Mc- Leod, and Joseph H. Wheat. The advantages thus af- forded during the weekdays, were supplemented by ex- cellent home training, and on the Sabbath by the teach- ings imparted in the Sabbath-school. Thomas from his infancy had been feeble physically. He gained knowledge rapidly, and was scarcely beyond the period of childhood when he made a public profession of his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and developed a fondness for learning and usefulness, At the age of sixteen he entered the Classical 48 373 Academy of Brookeville, in Montgomery County, Mary- land, at that time under the superintendence of Elisha J. Hall, where he had fine opportunities, which were so well improved that when he left for his home in 1838 he bore with him the classical prize. He returned to Washington and for a time was employed in business with his father, in the meantime devoting much of his time to study, and taking a deep interest in the Sabbath-school work. Still, he had no definite purpose of a professional career. In the summer of 1840 he decided to consecrate his life to the work of the Gospel ministry. Jn his preparations for this work he studied under the advice and counsel of Rev, A. A. Lipscomb and Rev. A. Webster. His parents were now, and had since 1832 been connected with the then recently organized Church known as the Methodist Protes- tant. In this Church he began his career as a preacher of the Gospel, being licensed August 30, 1840, by the Ninth Street M. P. Church, of Washington city. After preach- ing in various places for several months he was called to serve a church in the eastern part of the city until the meeting of the Maryland Annual Conference in the spring of 1841. The session of that Conference was held in the city of Philadelphia, in the M. P. Church there, which had been organized by Rev. Thomas H. Stockton, and of which Mr. Ward became, years after, the pastor, succeed- ing that distinguished and eloquent divine. Mr. Ward’s first regular appointment was to Pipe Creek Circuit, em- bracing part of Frederick County, Maryland. He was then in his twenty-first year. He was associated with an elder minister, the Rev. Dr. John S. Reese, a man of great wisdom, learning, eloquence and piety. Mr. Ward became very popular in all the churches of the Circuit. In 1842 the Conference stationed him at Williamsport Circuit, em- bracing parts of Washington County, Maryland, and Berkeley County, Virginia. He had signal success in his work there, and during his term built a new house of wor- ship and organized the church at Little Georgetown, Vir- ginia, besides being instrumental in adding largely to the membership of the churches which had been established. During these years he also travelled very extensively in other portions of the Conference territory, preaching to large congregations, especially at various camp-meetings on the Eastern as well as the Western Shore of Maryland, His next appointment was to the city of Cumberland, 1845, in the spring of which year he married Miss Cath- arine A, Light, of Beddington, Virginia, a lady of great piety and Christian devotion, who was held in the highest respect and esteem by her husband’s parishioners. This year Mr. Ward’s health, always feeble, gave way, and, by advice of his friends, he asked the Conference to leave him without an appointment. His request was complied with, and he spent three months in suitable recreation, a portion of the time in leisurely travel northward. He returned to his father’s house in Washington so much re- newed in health as to warrant him in applying to the Pres- 374 ident of the Conference for an appointment for the remain- der of the year, and being informed by the President that there was then no suitable field for him until the meeting of the next session of Conference, he accepted a position of- ‘fered him by his father, who was then engaged in publish- ing a temperance journal called the Columbian Fountain,* to assist in editing the same. Thus he became linked with an enterprise from which he found no opportunity of dis- connecting himself until the close of the year 1847, at which time also the regular close of the volume of the journal expired. He then received a unanimous invita- tion to take charge of the church in Philadelphia, which Reverend Thomas H. Stockton had served for nine years, but which he had recently left to take charge of a church in Cincinnati, Ohio. He accordingly obtained a transfer from the President of the Maryland Annual Conference, which was accepted by the President of the Philadelphia Conference, who appointed him to the pastorate of the church referred to. The subsequent sessions of the Phil- adelphia Conference renewed that appointment for three successive years. Then arose a condition of affairs by which the Philadelphia Conference was broken up, the church he served caused to assume a position of independ- ence, and he, not having any reason for abandoning his charge, compelled, as he viewed the case, to remain and serve it so long as pleasant relations between himself and it might continue.t This was the case until towards the close of 1856, when feeling it his duty to sever his con- nection with that charge, he returned to his Conference in Maryland, was received by his brethren and associates of former years, and was again appointed to Pipe Creek Cir- cuit, which he had served sixteen years before, embracing, however, not so large a field as during his first appoint- ment to it. His colleague was the Reverend J. Thomas Murray, and they were both continued on the Circuit for three successive years. During these years nearly four hundred members were added to the churches. Mr. Ward’s next appointment was Alexandria, Virginia, in the spring of 1860. During this year he visited Fredericks- burg, Virginia, by request, and organized a Methodist Protestant Church in that city, where he continued for two years. The Conference of 1863 sent him to Liberty Cir- cuit, where he labored with success. From Liberty he was sent by his Conference to the church in Washington city, from which he had first received his license to preach, and of which his parents, grown old by this time, were still members. His pastorate there continued for two years, when, on account of failing health, he asked the Con- ference to relieve him from pastoral charge, and retired * Published daily and weekly, 1846-1848. + During his nine years’ pastorate in Philadelphia he made impor- tant additions to his library, further increased since his college Presi- dency, until now it is believed to be one of the largest and most valu- able private libraries in the State, and to which the students of the College have always been allowed free access, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in the spring of 1866 to a little suburban home, which had been provided for him by his parents at Westminster, Maryland, which had been one of his regular preaching places in the years when he travelled Pipe Creek Circuit the second time. His health being restored he became a teacher in the Westminster Academy, and afterwards Presi- dent of Western Maryland College, to which position he has been re-elected from year to year since by the Board of Trustees, the appointment being confirmed by the Maryland Annual Conference, under whose auspices the college was founded, and under whose patronage it has been from the time .of its incorporation by the General Assembly of Maryland in 1868. Western Maryland Col- lege was organized in September, 1867, and incorporated by act of the General Assembly of Maryland, approved March, 1868. There have been about 600 students; about one-tenth of the number have graduated, besides a score of young men educated with a view to entering the sacred office of the ministry, and others who are now in positions of prominence and usefulness. About the time of his entrance upon the duties of the Presidency of the College, Mr. Ward inherited from his father some con- siderable means, all the available portion of which he devoted to the college enterprise, fulfilling the duties of his office at a salary far below his actual and necessary expenses in such a position. Mr. Ward has great reason to rejoice at the success that has crowned his pastoral labors, and deserves the heartfelt sympathies and aid of his Church in his efforts to promote the success and pros- perity of the College over which he presides. land, where he now resides. His father, Samuel ¥ Nesbitt, was a prominent merchant of that place, and the senior member of the firm of Samuel & Gordon Nesbitt. Henry C., his eldest son, was taken into the store as a clerk, on the completion of his studies at the Academy in that town. His father died in 1841. In 1849, deciding to seek his fortune from home, he sailed from Baltimore, January 10, in the ship Greyhound, for California. On arriving he spent three months at the mines, after which he engaged in lightening and discharging ships at San Francisco. Returning home in March, 1850, he was taken into partnership with his uncle, Gordon Nes- bitt, with whom he remained connected until 1854, when he became sole proprietor of the establishment. Possess- ing superior business qualifications, Mr. Nesbitt prospered in his undertakings, and in 1860 was enabled to erect another store, and to separate his drygoods and grocery departments, conducting a general mercantile business in the two separate divisions. Subsequently he established a MY; ESBITT, Henry Cuay, Merchant, was born March i Y . 31, 1822, in Port Deposit, Cecil County, Mary- 7G BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. branch store at Lapidam, in Harford County, where in connection with William T. Mackinson, as agent, he has built up an extensive and lucrative trade. Mr. Nesbitt now occupies an acknowledged position as the leadmg merchant of Port Deposit, and has acquired a handsome competency. Through every period of financial depression he has maintained an unbroken credit, and steadily en- larged his business enterprises. He isa Director of the Cecil National Bank, and has long held official position in the Methodist Episcopal Church of his town. He was married, October 18, 1854, to Hannah, daughter of Joseph W. and Maria Abrahams, of Port Deposit, and has had three daughters and three sons, of whom five, Eva S., Harry A., Clarence S., Willie R., and Bertha E. Nesbitt are now living. ILLIAMS, OTHo HOLLAND, was born in Prince George’s County, Maryland, in 1748. His an- cestors were among the earliest settlers in Mary- ( a land, from England, after Lord Baltimore became ; proprietor of the province. The subject of our sketch was left an orphan at the age of twelve years. While yet a youth he was placed in the Clerk’s office of the county of Frederick, Maryland, from whence he was transferred to the Clerk’s office of Baltimore. In 1775 he was appointed a lieutenant in a rifle corps, raised in Fred- erick County. The company to which he was attached marched to Boston, and its captain being promoted, young Williams succeeded to the command. When Fort Wash- ington was attacked, he had the rank of Major. He was severely wounded, taken prisoner, and carried to New York, where he was released on his parole. On suspicion that he would open a secret correspondence with General Washington, he was re-apprehended and placed in close confinement, in a small room, where he suffered great in- dignities and cruelty. He was exchanged after a captivity of fifteen months. During his imprisonment Major Wil- liams was promoted to the command of the Sixth Regi- ment of the Maryland Line, and participated in all the battles of that line with distinguished bravery. He acted as Deputy Adjutant-General of the Southern Army, under General Gates. On General Greene assuming command of the army, he appointed Colonel Williams Adjutant- General of his army. At the battle of Eutaw he led the charge, which gained him the highest honors of the day. At a critical moment General Greene issued the order, “Let Williams advance and sweep the field with his bayo- nets!” Promptly was the order obeyed; the field was swept, but the victory was dearly bought. Near the close of the war Williams was sent by General Greene with dis- patches to Congress, and was by that body promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. On the cessation of hos- tilities with Great Britain, General Williams settled in Baltimore, and was appointed by the Governor, Collector 375 of the Port of Baltimore. He held that office under the Governor’s appointment until the adoption of the Fed- eral Constitution, and was then reappointed by General Washington. In 1786 he married Mary, second daughter of William Smith, a wealthy and influential merchant. He had four sons, William, Edward, Henry, and Otho. He died July 16, 1794, at Woodstock, Virginia, whilst on his way to the Sweet Springs. ; SICKINSON, JOHN, was born in Maryland, Novem- ber 2, 1732. He was the eldest son of Samuel and Mary (Cadwalader) Dickinson. After study- ing law under John Moland, of Philadelphia, John Dickinson went to England, and remained three years at the Temple in London. He returned to Phila- delphia and there established himself in the practice of the law. In 1764 he was elected to the-General Assembly of Pennsylvania, wherein he delivered an able speech in oppo- sition to a proposition favoring the petitioning the King for a change of the government of the Province. September - II, 1765, he was appointed a delegate to a general Con- gress, which assembled at New York in the ensuing month. During the above year he commenced his famous writings against the aggressions of England, which were continued with vigor until the close of the conflict. The first pro- duction of his pen was a pamphlet entitled, Zhe Late Regulations respecting the British Colonies on the Con- tinent of America. The work which most extensively spread his reputation was the celebrated Farmer's Let- ters to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, which were published in 1767. His object in writing them was to arouse the attention of his country to the illegality of British taxation, and to the necessity of adopting vigorous measures to induce the mother country to retrace her steps of oppression. October 17, 1774, Mr. Dickinson took his seat in Congress as a deputy from Pennsylvania, and be- came engaged at once in the composition of the addresses of that body, which shed so much lustre upon its proceed- ings. One of the most eloquent and soul-stirring produc- tions of Mr. Dickinson’s pen was the declaration of Con- gress, July 6, 1775, setting forth the causes and necessity of taking up arms, and which was proclaimed at the head of the several divisions of the army. April, 1779, he was unanimously re-elected to Congress, and: in May of that year, he wrote the address of that body to the States, upon the situation of public affairs. In 1780 he was elected to represent the county of New Castle in the Assembly of Delaware. In 1782 he was elected President of the Su- preme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. Mr. Dickin- son married, July 19, 1770, Mary Norris, only daughter of Isaac Norris, of Fair Hill, Philadelphia County, and had two daughters, who survived him. He died February 14, 1808. Decatur, a Captain in the United States Navy, and e a native of Newport, Rhode Island, was born in Worcester County, upon the Eastern Shore of Maryland, January 5,1779. He entered the navy in 1798 as a Midshipman on board the frigate United States. In 1801 he sailed as First Lieutenant on the Essex, one of Commodore Dale’s squadron, to the Medi- terranean. He was afterwards appointed to the com- mand of the brig Argus, and proceeded to join Com- modore Preble’s squadron at Tripoli. On his arrival there he took command of the schooner Enterprise, in which he engaged and ina few minutes captured a Tri- politan ketch. This prize was afterwards called the In- trepid. Shortly after this Lieutenant Decatur conceived the daring project of recapturing or destroying the frigate Philadelphia in the harbor of Tripoli. Having with great difficulty obtained the Commodore’s consent, he manned the Intrepid with seventy volunteers, and ac- companied by other young officers sailed from Syracuse, February 3, 1804, in company with the United States brig Syren. Arrived off Tripoli they found the Phila- delphia, with her guns mounted and loaded, moored under the guns of the Castle. The ketch carried her gal- lant crew within two hundred yards of the frigate, when they were hailed and ordered to anchor. A Maltese pilot, by Decatur’s order, answered that they had lost their anchor in a gale of wind and could not anchor. By this time they had approached near the frigate, and the crew be- gan to warp the ketch alongside. Up to this moment the enemy had suspected no danger, but now, in great confu- sion, they began to prepare for defence. Before they were well aware of the character of their visitors Decatur and his companions had sprung on the deck. The surprised Turks crowded together on the quarter-deck without at- tempting to expel the invaders, who rushed upon them and very soon cleared the deck. About twenty Turks were killed, the rest jumped overboard or fled below. De- catur ordered the ship to be set on fire in several places, and when certain of her destruction sailed out of the har- bor without the loss of a man, four only being wounded. For this gallant achievement Congress voted him their thanks and a sword, and he was appointed to the rank of Post-Captain. The following spring Commodore Preble determined to make an attack on Tripoli. He gave Cap- tain Decatur the command of one division of the gunboats. On August 3, the squadron began to bombard the town and the vessels in the harbor. The gunboats, led on by Decatur, attacked the Tripolitan gunboats, which were moored along the mouth of the harbor. Advancing through a heavy fire from the battery and gunboats he boarded one of the boats with twenty-seven Americans; the deck was cleared in a few minutes, and Decatur was about to take his prize out of the line, when a boat which had been commanded by his brother, Lieutenant James a By cane COMMODORE STEPHEN, son of Stephen 2 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Decatur, came under his stern, and he was informed that his brother, after capturing one of the enemy’s boats, had been treacherously slain by the commander, who was then making for the port. He hastened to overtake the assassin, and with his single boat pursuing the retreating foe beyond the line of the enemy, he succeeded in laying his boat alongside, when he threw himself on board with eleven of his men, all the Americans he had left. The fight con- tinued on the deck for twenty minutes, but four of his men remaining unwounded. Decatur, now singling out the commander, who was the special object of his vengeance, killed him, after a fierce struggle, and secured both his prizes, for which he received the highest commendation from Commodore Preble. On the conclusion of peace at Tripoli he returned to the United States. He superseded Commodore Barron as Commander of the Chesapeake, and was afterwards’ removed to the frigate United States. _ In the war of 1812-15 his skill was again eminently con- spicuous. On October 8, 1812, the United States captured the Macedonian, esteemed one of the finest ships of her class in the British Navy, the battle lasting one hour and a half. The United States had but six killed and seven wounded. The Macedonian lost thirty-six killed and sixty-eight wounded. The reception of Captain Carden on board the United States was highly honorable to De- catur. When he presented his sword Decatur declined receiving it, observing that he could not think of taking the sword of an officer who had defended his ship so gallantly, but that he should be glad to take him by the hand. De- catur escorted his prize into the harbor of New York, where she was repaired and equipped as an American frigate. The name of the gallant victor was hailed with enthusiastic admiration throughout the country. Congress, and several of the State Legislatures, testified their high sense of his services by votes of thanks and costly pres- ents. The Algerines had taken advantage of our war with Great Britain to capture some of our merchantmen, and enslave their crews. That war having been termi- nated, a squadron was dispatched to the Mediterranean under command of Commodore Decatur. He captured an Algerine frigate, in which the celebrated Rais Ham- mida was killed, and a brig of twenty-one guns, and arrived before Algiers, June 22, 1815, demanding an im- mediate treaty. His terms were a relinquishment of all annual tribute or ransom for prisoners; property taken from Americans to be restored or paid for; all enslaved Americans to be released, and no American ever again to be held as a slave. In forty-eight hours the treaty was negotiated, giving to Americans privileges and immuni- ties never before granted by a Barbary State to a Christian power. On his return Commodore Decatur was appointed one of the Board of Navy Commissioners, and took up his residence in Washington. He was killed in a duel with Commodore Barron, March 22, 1820, when forty years of age. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Wo GENERAL PETER V., was born in the y iW . city of Washington in August, 1815. He grad- “ uated at the Military Academy in 1836, and was - assigned to the First Artillery. He served in the Florida war during General Jessup’s campaign of 1836-7, with a field battery and on ordnance duty, and on the Niagara frontier until July, 1838, when he was trans- ferred to the Ordnance Corps. In the war with Mexico he was attached to the “ Siege-train Company of Ord- nance” of General Scott’s army; was brevetted Captain, April 18, 1847, at the battle of Cerro Gordo, and Major, September 13, 1847, at the assault and capture of the city of Mexico. In 1848-9, under the order of the Secretary of War, he visited European arsenals and laboratories, and a report was published with Executive Documents in 1850. From 1854 to 1860 he was a member of the Ord- nance Board; in May, 1861, he was assigned to the duty of ordering, inspecting, and purchasing arms and ordnance stores, and in March, 1862, was appointed by Secretary Stanton member of the Commission on Ordnance and Ord- nance Stores. From 1862 to December, 1863, he was In- spector of all factories making small-arms for the govern- ment under contract, and since that time has been in com- mand of Watervliet Arsenal. In 1863, 1868, and 1870 he was a member of ordnance boards, and in 1866 of boards for the trial of breech-loading small-arms, and in 1872-73 of the board for selecting a breech system for muskets and carbines. On March 7, 1867, he was promoted to the position of Colonel of Ordnance, having received brevets of Colonel and Brigadier-General, March 13, 1865. Ps Hon. JoHN Henry, Attorney-at-law and o ae ex-Judge, is of Welsh descent. His ancestors came eis over with William Penn, the family name then a being Ap-Rice. They settled first in Pennsylvania, thence removed to Cecil County, and afterwards to Harford County, Maryland. His paternal great-grand- parents were John and Abigail Price. Their son, David Price, married Ann, daughter of William and Mary Hur- bord. They were married by the Rev. John Hamilton, Rector of Northeast Parish, Cecil County, in the Province of Maryland, November 14, 1765. David Price died at Redstone (Brownsyille), Pennsylvania, November 7, 1773. His son, David E. Price (father of John Henry Price), was born December 25, 1770; and May 31, 1803, married Rachel, daughter of Henry and Mary (Stump) Smith, and had five children, viz.: William, born April 7, 1804, and died April 16,1804; Ann, born May 28, 1807, died June 29, 1807; John Henry (the subject of this sketch), born June 8, 1808; Rachel, born December 9, 1809, married Robert Parker, of Harford County, May 1, 1828; Margaret, Ann, born April 18, 1811, married Wil- liam H. Gilpin, of Cecil County, April 23, 1833. David 377 E. Price resided at Harford Town (now called Bush), in Harford County, and was associated with John Stump, Jr., of Stafford, under the firm name of Stump & Price, and were extensively engaged in the manufacture of flour, and selling goods and merchandise. On Saturday, August 22, 1810, his wife, being on a visit to her grandfather, Henry Stump, near Stafford, Mr. Price left home on horseback to join her, and in attempting to ford “ Elbow Branch,” then very high, was swept down by the rapid current and drowned, near the dwelling-house of Mr. Stump, where his wife was then staying. He had a high reputation as a business man, and was much esteemed for his integrity, intelligence, and general worth. His son, John Henry Price, was born at the residence of his maternal great- grandfather, Henry Stump, near Stafford, Harford County, Maryland, June 8, 1808. He received his early education at West Nottingham Academy, in Cecil County, under Rev. Dr. Magraw, and at Newark Academy, Delaware, under the Rev. A. K. Russel. After which he entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was grad- uated with honor at that institution in 1827. He at once commenced the study of law in the Law Department of the University of Maryland at the Law Institute, then lo- cated in South Street, Baltimore, under David Hoffman, Esq., Professor of Law. So rapid was his progress and thorough his acquirements, that he was admitted to the bar in Harford County, August 12, 1829. Devoting him- self assiduously to his profession, and maintaining a high reputation for morality, honor, and integrity, he soon en- joyed a lucrative practice. December 1, 1829, he married Grace, daughter of James and Mary (Stump) Williams. She was the daughter of John Stump, Sr., of Stafford, and Cassandra, his wife. The fruit of this union was two chil- dren, both of whom died in infancy, viz., Mary, born Sep- tember 22, 1830, and died January 14, 1831; and David E. Price, who lived but a few days. Mrs. Grace Price departed this life in 1836. November 27, 1838, Mr. Price married Mary Ritchie, daughter of Joseph Parker, of Har- ford County, and his wife Margery, who was a daughter of David Price. They had children, viz., Mary, born August 9, 1840, died August 20, 1848; John Henry, born August 25, 1843, married Fannie Bailey (now deceased), of Washington city; Annie, born January 29, 1845, mar- ried John C. Killingsworth, of Cecil County, now of St. Louis, Missouri; Margaret Gilpin, born January 31, 1848, died September 14, 1855; David Elisha, born January 27, 1851, married Mary, daughter of Thomas Miller; Mary, born July 2, 1853; William, born August 31, 1855; Mar- garet Gilpin, born January 20, 1858; Isabel, born August ° 15,1861. Mr. Price’s devotion to the practice of his pro- fession has not prevented his indulging his fondness of agricultural pursuits. His farm, on which he resides, near Darlington, Harford County, is one of the finest estates in the county. To it and his other landed estates he now devotes much of his time, though he still practices law 378 at Bel Air, and during the interim of the courts is usually at his office in Bel Air to see clients on Monday of each week. In 1855 Mr. Price was elected by the people sole Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit of Maryland, composed of the counties of Cecil, Harford, and Baltimore, for a term of ten years. Prior to Judge Price’s elevation to the bench, the criminal docket of Baltimore County had been bur- dened at each term with removed cases from Baltimore city. Indeed, Baltimore County Court had almost come to be considered a “city of refuge” for murderers, burglars, thieves, robbers, gamblers, lottery policy men, keepers of houses of ill-fame, and all high-handed violators of the law in Baltimore city, and who, by removing their cases to the county, either escaped punishment or suffered a less penalty than they expected to be imposed if their causes had been tried in Baltimore city. Judge Price was not long in discovering his surroundings. His ability as a jurist, his dispatch of business, his unswerving integrity, conscientious and unflinching execution of the law, and his sentence of notorious offenders and criminals, soon made him a “ terror to evil-doers and a praise to them that do well.” Thereafter, during his judicial administration, the practice of removing criminal cases from Baltimore city to Baltimore County Court was almost discontinued. While dignified and stern (when sternness was needed) Judge Price was yet so affable, genial and accessible to all, that the youngest members of the bar might approach him as a son would his father. At the opening of the De- cember Term of Baltimore County Court in 1858, Judge Price delivered to the Grand Jury a “ Charge” that ren- dered him famous. The Baltimore Suz published it in full, with the following preface: “ We have read with the deepest interest and the utmost satisfaction the charge de- livered by Judge Price to the Grand Jury of Baltimore County. We cordially commend it to attentive and con- siderate perusal. It is really refreshing to peruse so wholesome, instructive, and sincere a document at this day, and amid the circumstances by which we are sur- rounded. The whole paper is in admirable keeping, and does honor to the source whence it emanated. In one respect it is the best response that can possibly be offered to objections to an elective judiciary. A better paper has rarely, if ever, issued from the bench of criminal jurisprudence in Mary- land.” This charge was copied extensively, and elicited commendation from many of the leading newspapers of the country. Among them, the Yournal of Commerce, New York, said: “A most excellent charge to the Grand Jury of Baltimore County, by Judge Price, will be found on our first page. We wish it could be read by every citi- zen, and especially those liable to jury duty,” etc. Not only did the press give publicity to this charge, and edito- rially commend it, but numerous private letters from dis- tinguished sources were addressed to Judge Price on the subject. From one of these, from Judge William L. Storrs, of Hartford, Connecticut, we are permitted to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCL OPEDIA. make an extract: “I think the sentiment of that charge ought to be circulated far and wide among all the people of this country who may be called on to aid the adminis- tration of criminal justice in the capacity of grand or petit jurors, or officers engaged in their selection. I do not know how this can be more effectually done than through the public prints, and I will do this in that mode, at least so far as the people of Connecticut are concerned.” In 1864 Maryland adopted a new Constitution, and the judi- cial districts were changed. In the following November, 1865, Judge Price was again elected by the people sole Judge of the Ninth Judicial Circuit of Maryland (com- posed of the counties of Harford and Cecil, both of which counties had been included in his previous ju- dicial circuit); by a large majority, for the term of fifteen years, In 1867, under the new Constitution, the judicial circuits were changed, and provision made for three judges to a circuit, instead of one, as before. Under this pro- vision Judge Price’s official term expired. Since then he has resided on his farm, and resumed the practice of law at Bel Air, honored and respected by all, and exerting a healthy moral and religious influence in the community. He is now and has been for many years an active member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Superintendent of a Sunday-school in Darlington, which he regularly attends. The first Sunday-school in that neighborhood was established by him about the year 1836. This was a Union Sunday-school, in which the American Union Sun- day-school books were alone used, and was continued by him, as Superintendent, until his election as Judge, in 1855, with an attendance of about one hundred scholars and six to eight teachers. Judge Price is a man of large size, fine physique, good health, active habits, and bids fair for length of days and continued usefulness. CO Rev. CHARLES MoRTIMER, was born in G Milford, Clermont County, Ohio, October 4, 1841. f His parents were Andrew, and Catharine Ann i, Giffin. His father was of Irish lineage; his birth- ae place was Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. His mother, whose maiden name was Martin, was of Welsh extraction ; she was born in Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio. When Charles M. was about one year of age his parents removed to Cincinnati, where his father established him- self in business as a tin and stove dealer. He took a prominent place in politics, and served ten years consecu- tively in the City Council; being President of the Council for one year. He filled other offices also. He died in 1864. The subject of this sketch was educated in the schools of Cincinnati, and afterward studied law with Honorable Bellamy Storer, Judge of the Superior Court. He graduated in the Law Department of the Cincinnati College, April, 1861, when nineteen years of age. When BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. he took his degree of Bachelor of Laws he was too young to be admitted to the bar, but on arriving at the legal age he took the oath of an Attorney, in the Southern District of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Having become a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and being attached to Christie Chapel, the Quarterly Conference of that So- ciety gave him a license to preach, and July 24, 1861, he delivered his first sermon. From thenceforth he has been actively engaged in the work of the ministry. As a member of the Cincinnati Conference, with which he had connected himself, he served five years in pastoral duty in and near the city. His health becoming feeble, he made a six months’ trip to New Orleans, Kansas, and Minnesota ; after which he was transferred, in April, 1868, to the New York East Conference, and at the request of the Seventh Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, now Grace Church, he was appointed its pastor, and served it for the term of two years. He served the full term of three years in West Chapel Street, New Haven, Connecticut; thence to Nostrand Avenue, Brooklyn, where he spent three years. While in that charge the congregation gave him four months’ leave of absence and sufficient funds to pay the expenses of a trip to Europe, His next appointment was the First Place Methodist Episcopal Church, Brooklyn. After one year’s service in that charge, his own and his wife’s health demanded a change to a warmer climate, and at the request of St. John’s Independent Methodist Church, Baltimore, he became one of its pastors. His field of labor is the Chapel on Madison Avenue and Lau- rens Street,a very handsome stone byilding. The congre- gation worshipping there is a growing one, composed of intelligent, refined, and wealthy persons. Mr. Giffin re- ceives frequent invitations to address large audiences. He is a close and discriminating student, and is thoroughly alive to the requirements of the advanced thought of the age. He is a good writer, and has contributed largely to the religious press; he is at present (1879) one of the edi- tors of the Zudependent Visitor, a monthly paper published in the interest of Independent Methodism. He received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, at the commence- ment in 1875. He married Miss Belle Lampley, of Brooklyn, New York, formerly of Alabama, January 14, 1869. They have three sons: Mortimer Parell, Charles Brown, and William Gill. EGLEY, PETER, was born in Franklin County, aN Pennsylvania, August 29, 1818. He is the second child and only son of Christian and Barbara fe Negley. His mother’s maiden name was Newcomer. : She was born on Beaver Creek, Washington County, Maryland. His father is a descendant of the Negley family that emigrated from Germany and settled in Lancaster 379 County, Pennsylvania, long before the Revolution. His mother’s family is of Swiss origin, and originally migrated from Pennsylvania into Washington County, Maryland. When Mr. Negley was fourteen years of age, his father sold his farm in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and pur- chased another two miles north of Hagerstown, Washing- ton County, Maryland, where he still resides, being now in his eighty-eighth year. The subject of this sketch worked onhis father’s farm in summer and attended the county school in winter. In 1837, being very desirous of a thorough education, he prevailed on his father to send him to Dick- inson College, and he became a student in the Preparatory Department of that institution for one year. In 1838, in- stead of returning to Dickinson College he entered the Preparatory Department of Marshall College, located at Mercersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and entered the Freshman class in the fall of 1839. At the end of his Sophomore year his health became impaired from hard study and insufficient exercise, necessitating a year’s absence, after which he returned and graduated in 1844, and was offered the second honor of his class, but declined it in favor of a friend. Being stillin delicate health he remained with his father for two years, assisting him on his farm. In 1846 he commenced the study of law with Hon. James Dixon Roman, of Hagerstown; was admitted to the bar in 1849, and immediately commenced the practice of his pro- fession. In 1851 he was the Whig candidate for Prose- cuting Attorney of his county, but was beaten by his Demo- cratic opponent by a small majority. About this time he was offered the Treasurership of a very prosperous Sav- ings institution, which he accepted on account of continued bad health, and thus with many regrets left the active walks of his profession. In 1854 the institution of which he was Treasurer was changed, under a charter, to the Hagers- town Savings Bank, of which he was made Cashier. In 1865 that institution became the First National Bank of Hagerstown, and Mr. Negley was continued its Cashier. In 1864, being an active Union man from the beginning of the civil war, he was prevailed on to accept the nomination as a Republican delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He and all his party colleagues were elected, the bank granting him leave of absence during the sessions of the Convention. In the proceedings of that body he took a very active and leading part, as its published proceedings will show. In 1870 the United States Depository of Balti- more was made4n Assistant Treasurer’s office. Mr Negley with a number of other prominent gentlemen became an applicant for this position. Mr. Boutwell, who was the Secretary of the Treasury, recommended to President Grant Mr. Negley’s appointment. The President sent his name to the Senate and he was immediately confirmed. On July 29, 1870, he resigned his position as Cashier of the First National Bank of Hagerstown, and on the 1st day of Au- gust was sworn in as the Assistant United States Treasurer of Baltimore. In 1874, two months before the expiration 380 of his commission, General Grant reappointed him for another term. He was so generally acceptable to the busi- ness community and his party that no one applied for his place. In 1878, on the expiration of his second term, his reappointment was strongly urged by all the banks, both National and State, and all thé private bankers, with one or two exceptions, in the city of Baltimore. There was a small political opposition to him on this occasion, but it had no weight with Secretary Sherman, as he promptly recom- mended his reappointment to President Hayes, who sent his name to the Senate, and he was confirmed for the third time. In 1849 he married Laura Richenbaugh, the youngest daughter of Martin Richenbaugh, of Hagerstown. In 1859 she died, leaving four children, three sons and one daugh- ter. In 1861 he married Mrs. P. L. Brooke, of Cambridge- port, Massachusetts, who is still living. By this marriage he has no children. He never gave up his residence in his own town. His family reside nine months of the year in Hagerstown. In the wiriter he closes his house and his wife remains with him in the city. His oldest son, Walter, and his second, Charles, were educated at Amherst Col- lege, Massachusetts, where they graduated in 1872 and 1873. His youngest son, William, was educated at Cornell University, New York. His youngest child and daughter, Rose, was educated at Bordentown, New Jersey, and is mar- ried and lives in her native place, Hagerstown. Walter and William went to Texas in 1875, and are now sheep- raising near Eagle Port, on the Rio Grande. His son Charles is a lawyer and resides in Hagerstown. : ULANY, HoNorRABLE DANIEL, was born in 1721, a in Annapolis, Maryland. His father, Daniel Be Dulany, Senior, a cousin of Rev. Patrick De- “Janey, the Dean of Down, was born in 1686, in Queen’s County, Ireland. In consequence of the second marriage of his father, and an irreconcilable quarrel with his step-mother, he ran away, while quite a lad, from the University of Dublin, indentured himself to defray the expenses of his passage, and came to Maryland. Acciden- tally, his education and breeding were discovered by the gentleman who purchased his services, and he soon rose to his natural social level, was admitted to the bar in 1710, attained distinction in the Province as the leader in the Lower House of the country party, in the controversy con- cerning the extension of the British Statutes, held the va- rious offices of Attorney-General, Judge of the Admiralty, Commissary-General, Agent, and Receiver, and was a member of the Provincial Council during the administra- tions of Governors Thomas Bladen, Samuel Ogle, and Horatio Sharpe. Until his admission to the bar, he spelled his name Delaney. He was a devout member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He died December 5, 1753, in the sixty-eighth year of his age, and was interred at BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. St. Anne’s Church, Annapolis, Maryland. He married, first, Miss Plater, of Calvert County, Maryland, who died young. He married, secondly, Rebecca Smith, a daughter of Colonel Walter Smith, of Calvert County, and had six children, viz., Hon. Daniel Dulany, the subject of this memoir; Rebecca Dulany, who married James Paul Heath; Rachel Dulany, who married first, William Knight, and secondly, Rev. Henry Addison; Dennis Dulany, who was Clerk of Kent County, Maryland; Mary Dulany, who married first, Dr. Hamilton, of Annapolis, and secondly, William Murdock ; and Walter Dulany, the Commissary- General, who married Mary Grafton, and had a daughter, Rebecca Dulany, who married first, Thomas Addison, and secondly, Captain Thomas Hanson, of the Maryland Line, a son of Colonel Samuel Hanson, of Green Hill. His third wife was Mrs. Henrietta Maria (Lloyd) Chew, daughter of Colonel Philemon Lloyd, and had two children, viz., Henrietta Dulany, who married Edward Dorsey, son of Caleb Dorsey, and Lloyd Dulany, the Royalist and head of the Dissentients, May 30, 1774, who married Elizabeth Brice, daughter of John and Sarah (Frisby) Brice, and died June 26, 1782, in England, of a wound received in a duel, fought in Hyde Park, with Rev. Bennett Allen, leaving his widow, who married Walter Dulany, the son of Wal- ter and Mary (Grafton) Dulany. The subjeet of this sketch was educated in England, at Eton, and at Clare Hall in the University of Cambridge. After reading law in the Temple, he returned to Maryland and was admitted to the bar in 1747, where he distinguished himself in his profession. In 1757 he was made one of the Council, and was also appointed in 1761 Secretary of the Province, and filled these offices until the outbreak of the American Revolution. On October 14, 1765, he published his cele- brated essay against the Stamp Act, entitled “ Considera- tions on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes in the British Colonies, for the purpose of Raising a Revenue by Act of Parliament.’”? This masterly production made him renowned, and won for him the admiration and affection of the people of Maryland. On November 26, 1770, Governor Robert Eden issued his proclamation regulating official fees. The measure was very odious to many patriotic citizens of Maryland, and was considered by them to be an illegal and arbitrary stretch of prerogative. It had, however, some defenders, and among them were Secretary Dulany and his brother Walter, the Commissary-General. Daniel Dulany, in January, 1773, published a newspaper article containing a dialogue purporting to be between two citizens, in which “The First Citizen,’ an opponent of the Proclamation, was cleverly worsted inthe argument. Charles Carroll of Carrollton adopted the name of “ The First Citizen,” and replied with unexpected and startling ability. Mr, Du- lany, over the name of “ Antilon,” rejoined and defended the Proclamation with his utmost power, but retired dis- comfited. The papers of this famous controversy were published at Annapolis, in Green’s Gazette, on January 7, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. February 4 and 18, March 11, April 8, May 6, June 3, and July 1, 1773. From this time Mr. Dulany was regarded with suspicion by the friends of liberty and became very unpopular. In the acrimonious controversy, commonly called the “ Vestry Act Question,’’ concerning the act of 1702, chapter 1, he advocated the validity of the act, and brought upon himself much odium. Though he never swerved from the principles of his essay, these unfortunate controversies brought him into fierce collision with Thomas Johnson, Samuel Chase, Thomas Stone, and Wil- liam Paca, the leaders of the people, and forced him to occupy a place in the ranks of the opposition to their rev- olutionary measures. He retired to private life and died in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, March 19, 1797, aged seventy-five years and eight months. He was a ripe scholar, an eloquent speaker, a profound lawyer, and a man of exalted patriotism and great purity of character. He married Rebecca Tasker, daughter of Hon. Benjamin and Anne (Bladen) Tasker, and had three children, viz., Daniel Dulany, Barrister, of Lincoln’s Inn, London, who died in 1823; Colonel Benjamin Tasker Dulany, aide-de-camp to General Washington, who married in 1773, Elizabeth French, and had a daughter, Elizabeth French Dulany, who married Major Joseph Forrest, and was the mother of Admiral French Forrest, of the Confederate Navy, and Ann Dulany, who married M. De la Serre, and had a daughter, Rebecca, who married, at the residence of the Marquis of Wellesley, Regent Park, England, Sir Richard Hunter, Physician to the Queen. Oa CHARLES WricHT, Principal of the State Insti- oy ee tution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, x at Frederick City, Maryland, was born in Madison, z Connecticut, March 14, 1839. His father, Elias S. t Ely, is a prominent citizen of that State; he has served in the Legislature, and held many offices of public trust. He is a descendant of Richard Ely, who came from Plymouth, England, in 1660, and settled on the Con- necticut River at Lyme, Connecticut, and whose descen- dants may now be found all over the United States. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Hester Wright. Mr. Charles Wright Ely graduated at Yale College in 1862. He then served one year as an officer in the United States military service, and in 1863 entered upon the work of deaf-mute instruction in the State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Columbus, Ohio. He there remained until 1870, when he was chosen to the position he now occupies. He was married to Mary Darling, an accom- plished lady of Ohio, October 24, 1867. He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church of Frederick City, and a Direc- tor in the Bible Society, and in all. movements looking to the social and moral elevation of the people is an active co-worker, and commands the esteem of the community in which he lives. 49 381 yARNEY, JosHua, was born in Baltimore, July 6, ) 1759. He manifested an inclination for a sea- faring life at an early age, and when but sixteen years old commanded a merchant vessel. At the commencement of the Revolutionary war he offered his services to his country, and became master’s mate of the sloop Hornet, of ten guns, continuing to act as such until his appointment as Lieutenant in the navy, June, 1776. On July 6, 1776, Lieutenant Barney sailed from Philadelphia in the sloop Sachem, commanded by Cap- tain Robinson, and very soon fell in with and captured a letter-of-marque brig, well armed. He took his prize into the port of Philadelphia, where he was transferred to the Andrea Doria, and again set sail for sea. The Race- horse, of twelve guns, which was fitted out expressly, with a picked crew, to intercept and take the Andrea Doria, was captured by him. January,1777, he was taken prisoner and carried into Charleston, South Carolina, where he was released on parole, and in eight months exchanged. December, 1777, he was appointed to the “ Virginia” frigate, and remained on her until her capture, April 1, 1777, by the British squadron, in the Chesapeake. After a period of imprisonment he was exchanged and returned to Baltimore. After remaining there for awhile he was ordered to the United States Ship Saratoga, of sixteen guns, and sailed from Philadelphia on a cruise. The Saratoga captured several prizes, among them an English ship of thirty-two guns, and ninety men. She was boarded by Lieutenant Barney, with fifty men, under the smoke of a broadside. Whilst steering for the Delaware with his prize he was captured and landed at Plymouth, England, and confined in Mill Prison. He made his escape and after remaining some time at large in England, he took passage in a packet for Ostend, and finally reached Phila- delphia, March 21, 1782. Lieutenant Barney’s next sea service was as commander of the “ Hyder Ali,’ which sailed from Philadelphia, April 8, 1782, and captured the British ship “General. Monk,’’ mounting twenty nine- pounders, with a crew of one hundred and thirty-six men, after an engagement of only twenty-six minutes. Captain Barney was selected, October, 1782, to carry out to Dr. Franklin the instructions of his government before the British Commissioners should arrive at Paris. He passed the British force at the mouth of the Delaware, and ar- rived in seventeen days at L’Orient, He returned to Phila- delphia, March 12, 1783, bearing the news of peace. In the war of 1812 we again find Commodore Barney signal- izing himself as a naval commander. April, 1814, he was offered the command of the flotilla fitted out at Balti- more to protect the Chesapeake Bay. The British had determined to attack Baltimore and Washington, and with the view to be within reach of either place on the occasion of an attempt upon it, Commodore Barney moved the flotilla up the Patuxent River, forty miles from Washington. The British landed at Benedict, August 21. 382 On receiving intelligence of their approach, Commodore Barney landed, with upwards of four hundred men, leav- ing one hundred men to blow up the flotilla, if likely to fall into the hands of the enemy. August 24, they marched to Bladensburg, and, pressing on, found the American forces drawn up and covering the road some distance. Shortly after they became engaged with the British. The disastrous results of the engagement are well known. Commodore Barney was wounded, taken prisoner, but paroled on the ground. October 8, 1814, he was ex- changed, and soon after assumed command of the flotilla, but the restoration of peace rendered his services no longer necessary to his country. His wife was the daughter of Gunning Bedford, of Philadelphia, to whom he was mar- ried March 16,1780. He died December 1, 1818. X) AALIANT, JoHN, was the son of Monsieur Jean a Q Vaillant, of an old and numerous French Hugue- ore" not family, who during the reign of Louis XIV fled with many others to London to escape the cruel persecutions under that monarch. About the sev- enth or eighth decade of the seventeenth century, John Valiant, when a boy, emigrated to the American colonies, coming over in the same ship with Robert Ungle, who was afterwards Speaker of the Maryland House of Burgesses. His name was entered on the passenger list as John Vali- ant, Gent., cabin-boy. It was not an infrequent practice in those days for gentlemen to ship their sons abroad in this manner, and probably in this way he secured for himself a free passage. The ship landed her passengers at Oxford, Talbot County, Maryland. Soon after attaining his twenty- first birthday, he obtained by patent certain lands extend- ing from Tread Avon River to the head-waters of Irish Creek. His residence was on that river, opposite the town of Oxford. Some of the bricks used in the con- struction of an old house still standing on the same site, are said to have been purchased by him from England nearly two hundred years ago. He was in 1680 Clerk of the Eastern Shore Court at Easton, his being the third ap- pointment to that office. His remains rest in the old family burying-ground, on the farm at Ferry Neck. A tall cedar marks the spot, which is surrounded by the graves of his descendants to the seventh generation. os Mem RicsBy, Merchant and Farmer, was of ce the fifth generation from John Valliant, a sketch x of whom immediately precedes this, and was i born at Ferry Neck, Maryland, April 6, 1799. He married Nancy F., born in 1806, near Bucktown, in Dorchester County, the daughter of Edward Stephens, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. grandson of Colonel John Stephens, who emigrated from England to the colonies in the latter part of the seven- teenth century, and settled in the above county. He pro- cured by patent a very large number of tracts of land in Dorchester, Somerset and Worcester counties, and as ap- pears from the records of the Land Office at Annapolis, was at the time of his death the largest landowner in the State. Rigby Valliant was engaged in business from the year 1826 to 1830, in the little village of Sharptown, and in the latter year removed to Baltimore, where he became the junior member of the firm of J. and R. Valliant, whole- sale grocer merchants on Light Street wharf. In 1834 this copartnership was dissolved, and in November of that year he commenced the mercantile business in the town of St Michael’s, Talbot County, in which he continued till the close of 1850, when he retired to his farm at Ferry Neck, and his son James became his successor. He was for nearly thirty years a class-leader and steward in the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, to which he was devotedly at- tached, and of whose dogmas he was an uncompromising supporter. He was a man rigidly conscientious in all his dealings ; religion was the chief, and seemed almost the only thought of his life, so anxious was he to secure his own salvation, his children’s, and that of all whom he could reach. He possessed a good library, and his read- ing was extensive, but confined mostly to religious and theological works. Ever on the alert for opportunities of doing good, he found in this, as in all things, a most eff- cient co-worker in his wife, a woman of the rarest excel- lence, and highest Christian character. Her usefulness and influence in the Church and the world, were perhaps superior to his. She sought out the poor and the afflicted, and ministered to their physical and spiritual wants. Dur- ing the winter of 1842, there was great suffering in St. Michael’s from the hard times, and while her husband found means of employment for some, she did her utmost in finding others. She made large pots of beef and vege- table soups, which her children were daily required to dis- tribute among the starving poor of the vicinity. She was greatly respected by every one who knew her, but by the poor she was beloved, and her death was to them an occa- sion of heartfelt sorrow. Nine months subsequent to this event, March 28, 1858, Rigby Valliant followed his wife, and they lie side by side in the old burial-ground of his ancestors. I (Stephens) Valliant, was born in the village of rene Sharptown, Somerset, now Wicomico County, <= November 28, 1827. Full accounts of his family I have been given in other sketches in this volume. He was taken from school in October, 1841, and placed behind his father’s counter, and on the Ist of January, 1851, ALLIANT, James, son of Rigby and Nancy F. AM ¢ gby y y BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. succeeded him in the business It was, however, extremely distasteful to him, notwithstanding he met with good suc- cess, and in 1858 he sought quiet and retirement on the farm on which his family still reside, near the town of St. Michael’s. Here he spent his winters in the cultivation of his literary taste, and his life was one of perfect content- ment, till it was broken in upon, November 14, 1860, by the death of his wife-of consumption. The war followed, and while his own sympathies were wholly on the side of the National Government, four of his brothers entered the Confederate Army. These circumstances had upon him a most depressing effect, from which he was only roused by a sense of the exigencies of the country. He had been educated a Whig, and in 1860, as a Union man had voted for Bell and Everett. Feeling that inactivity at such a time was a crime, he renewed the active interest he had formerly taken in politics, and devoted his energies to the building up of a loyal sentiment in his county and neighborhood. In 1863 it was proposed by the late Henry Winter Davis and others to attempt the immedhate abolition of slavery in the State of Maryland. Mr. Valliant had been educated to pro-slavery principles, not so much by his parents as by his surroundings, yet he had always regarded the institution as an evil and as an incubus on the prosperity of the slave States. Receiving the Bible as the great authority and rule of right, he now determined to examine with great care the Levitical law, and especially all that Christ and his apostles had said on this subject, which having done, he found that the Scriptures were in utter condemnation of slavery, from beginning to end. This decided him m becoming an open, avowed, and active abolitionist. He devoted himself to speaking and writing on the subject, and to the building up of an anti-slavery sentiment. The sinfulness of slavery he made paramount; that it was a positive injury to the body politic, and that its instant abolition would be an irrepara- ble blow to the rebellion, were to him but secondary con- siderations. Because of his activity and earnestness in this regard he was elected one of the representatives of Talbot County to the Constitutional Convention which met in An- napolis, April 27, 1864. He opened the debate in the dis- cussion of the article in the Declaration of Rights, abolish- ing slavery in Maryland, and when ‘the new Constitution was submitted to the people for their ratification or rejec- tion, he took a very active interest in the canvass. In November of the same year he was elected to the General Assembly and served two sessions in the House of Dele- gates. On May 1, 1869, he received an appointment to the Baltimore Custom-house, where he has since been em- ployed, holding various positions in the different depart- ments, He is now Chief Clerk of the Appraiser’s office. Mr. Valliant is still a Republican, and adheres with firm tenacity to all the cardinal principles of that party. He is in favor of a redeemable currency, the maintenance of the National faith, the payment of the Government bonds, and of all the late amendments to the Constitution, but believes 383 that no man should be allowed to vote who cannot do so intelligently. He is earnestly opposed to capital punish- ment. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but his religious views have become much simplified and have undergone some important modifications. The two great commandments of Jesus he now regards as the sum and substance of all religion. © ed OODS, Hrram, was born January 29, 1826, at : Saco, York County, Maine. He received an fey academical education in his native town and in a the adjacent cities of Portland and North Yar- mouth. During his youth he was surrounded by the influences of a Christian home, which had much to do with shaping his subsequent religious life. In December, 1842, he went to Baltimore and entered as clerk the im- porting and commission house of Kirkland, Chase & Co., on Smith’s wharf, where he remained six years. In 1849 he became a partner in the wholesale grocery and commission house of A. B. Patterson & Co, which firm subsequently became Woods, Bridges & Co. In 1852 Mr. Woods and Mr. Charles M. Dougherty purchased the sugar refinery near Lombard Street bridge, to which they gave the name of the Baltimore Steam Sugar Re- finery. In 1853 Mr. Woods dissolved his connection with the firm of Woods, Bridges & Co., and gave his whole attention to the sugar refinery business, under the firm of Dougherty & Woods. John Egerton, of New Or- leans, and John L. Weeks, of Mobile, became interested in the refinery, and the firm name was changed to Egerton, Dougherty, Woods & Co. Other changes followed until, finally, the firm was dissolved ‘in July, 1877. Owing to the general depression in business, and to over-pro- - duction and consequent ruinous competition during the years 1875 to 1877 inclusive, culminating in the special troubles to Baltimore by the labor strikes of July, 1877, the firm was compelled to suspend operations. Mr. Woods nobly came to the front with his private fortune, amount- ing to about two hundred thousand dollars, and secured a full release for himself and partners from all responsibility. Mr. Woods has recently organized an enterprise for the manufacture of grape sugar and syrup, with incidental products from corn, under the name of the Baltimore Steam Sugar Refinery. He is the Treasurer and a Direc- tor in the company. He has been identified with the Bap- tist Church in Baltimore since 1847, in which year he was baptized by Rev. Richard Fuller, D.D., and has been an active worker in the Church and Sunday-school ever since. He is one of the deacons of the Eutaw Place Baptist Church, and has been Superintendent of its Sunday-school since its organization. Besides giving the lot on which that church stands he contributed very largely towards its 384 erection, as he has toward nearly every Baptist church in Baltimore, and throughout the State. He has been for many years a member of the Board of Trade, Director in several Marine, Fire, and Life Insurance Companies, and was at one time Director in the National Mechanics’ Bank of. Baltimore. He has always declined political preferment, as he did the nomination for Mayor on the Reform ticket. He is a manager in various religious and benevolent associations, such as the Maryland State Bible Society, ‘Manual Labor School, Industrial School for Girls, Sunday Association, etc. He has been prominently identified with the Maryland Baptist Union Association, as its President and otherwise, and was elected Vice-Presi- dent of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1876. Mr. Woods’s father was Hiram Woods. He was a native of Halifax, Massachusetts, and was of English descent. He was an officer in the United States Revenue Service, and went to Baltimore about the year 1852, became an elder in the Franklin Street Presbyterian Church, and died in March, 1862, aged sixty-two years. The mother of Mr. Hiram Woods, Jr., was a native of Saco, Maine. Her maiden name was Eliza Chase, a descendant of Aquila Chase, one of four brothers who at an early period settled in Newbury, Maine. His paternal grandmother was Jane Churchill, a descendant of Miles Standish, of “May Flower” celebrity. His father’s family consists of Eliza- beth J., who married A. Fuller Crane; Hiram, the subject of this sketch ; Julia A., the widow of Mr. Warren Nich- ols; D.C., of the firm of D. C. Woods & Company; A. P. and Charles F. Woods, transacting business under the firm of A. P. Woods & Brother. These, with their mother, are all living in Baltimore. Hiram Woods married, June 29, 1852, Miss Helen A., daughter of Daniel Chase, of Baltimore. They have had twelve children, eight of whom are living, namely, Hiram, Jr., Helen Chase, Frank C., Allan C,, Elizabeth F., Kate H., Lucy C., and Ethel. Those deceased were named Edward Payson, Daniel Chase, Herbert, and Bessie M. ENNIS, STEPHEN PuRNELL, M.D., of Salisbury, 1) Wicomico County, Maryland, was born October — 13, 1827, near Pittsville in the same county. His K parents were John and Margaret (Fooks) Dennis. He was early deprived of his mother’s loving care and guidance, her déath having occurred when he was eight years of age. He was brought up on his father’s farm, in the labor and management of which his early life was spent. The only educational advantages he had during these years were such as a country school, open but a few months in the year, afforded. Not until he was of age did he spend an entire year in study. Then for three years he was engaged in teaching and studying pre- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. paratory to entering upon the regular study of medicine, his chosen and cherished profession. The life of a country physician furnishes but few incidents of interest to persons outside of the sphere in which he moves, but the leading facts in the life of such a person and his prominent traits of character are worthy of record and remembrance. Dr. Dennis graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in 1856, from the Pennsylvania Medical College. He at once com- menced the practice of medicine in his native place among his early friends and companions. It is said, that a prophet is not without honor, save in his own country. This did not hold good regarding Dr. Dennis, for his standing and reputation were such that he was induced to seek a wider field, already occupied by physicians of skill and repute. In 1861 he removed to the town of Salis- bury, where he has remained until the present time. De- sirous of keeping abreast with the rapidly advancing prog- ress of medical science, Dr. Dennis spent the winter of 1865-6 in the city of New York, in attendance upon a course of lectures at the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege. Soon after his return from New York his health began to give way, and he became associated in the prac- tice of medicine with Dr. F. Marion Slemons, of Salisbury, a gentleman of kindred spirit, wise, skilful, and learned. For four years this partnership continued with entire har- mony, and in 1870, owing to the impaired health of Dr. Dennis, it was with mutual reluctance dissolved. After a protracted illness, when almost all hope of restoration to health had been given up, he so far recovered as to be able to spend the winter attending lectures at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. On his return to Salisbury he was able to resume the practice of his profession. He devoted himself principally to surgical and kindred cases, his favorite branches. From that time he confined himself mainly to town and office practice, except when sum- moned to perform special operations and for consultation. Again, with the true spirit of a seeker after knowledge, Dr. Dennis spent the time from October, 1872, until.May, 1873, in New York, giving special attention to operative surgery, gynecology, physical diagnosis, and diseases of the eye and ear, under such distinguished professors as Drs. Mott, Flint, Thomas, Sims, Emmett, Peaslee, and others. Again returning to his home in Salisbury, he has continued until the present time, entirely devoted to his work. There are few members of his profession who have a wider or more deserved reputation for skill, kindness, and every trait that goes to make up the character of a good physician and surgeon than has Dr. Dennis. He has successfully performed several critical and delicate operations in Yithotomy, in ligation of the common carotid artery, many difficult amputations, etc. Butit is not as a professional man only that Dr. Dennis is valued and esteemed. He is a genial, pleasant, and agreeable gen- tleman, a generous, benevolent, and sincere friend, and a consistent Christian. He is a member of the Presbyterian SS SS SSS Sa BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Church of Salisbury. The only time when Dr. Dennis | turned from the pursuit of his profession was in 1859, when he accepted a nomination for the Legislature of his native State from the Democratic party, of which he has always been a firm but independent adherent. He also served in the memorable session which met in Frederick City in the spring of 1861. He holds the honorary post of Surgeon to the Maryland Editorial Association, and isa Royal Arch Mason. ee Dr. James Moat, was born in 1774 NG in Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland. He ad was the son of Dr. Jaines Moat Anderson, an Go eminent physician of Kent County, and the grand- son of Dr. James Anderson, a native of Scotland, and a celebrated physician, who practiced medicine in Chestertown about the middle of the last century. He received a liberal classical education at Washington Col- lege, Kent County, Maryland, and pursued the study of medicine under the celebrated Dr. Rush, Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania. He rose to great distinction in his profession, and at the time of his death was considered one of the ablest physi- cians on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. He died at his residence on Cannon Street, in Chestertown, May 31, 1830. WNSUVALL, Marius, M.D., Medical Director of the : United States Navy, was born in Annapolis, Mary- "e land, June, 1818. He was the son of Lewis and ¢ Sarah (Harwood) Duvall, and the youngest of eleven % children. His parents were residents of that locality from their birth. , The male side of his father’s family were French; the female English. On his mother’s side his ancestry were English and Irish. As indicated above, his mother’s maiden name was Harwood. The Harwood family were originally from Wales. Doctor Duvall’s grand- father married a Miss Callahan, descended from emigrants from the North of Ireland. Their families were all in good circumstances, and the peers, socially and intellectually, of any in their communities. Doctor Duvall’s father rep- resented the city of Annapolis in the State Legislature for ten or twelve years consecutively, and was for some years a member of the Council, when that body formed a part of the Executive Department of the State. A maternal uncle, Nicholas Harwood, who was also a doctor, imme- diately after his graduation in medicine joined the United States Navy. He was on board the frigate Philadelphia, as an Assistant Surgeon, when that vessel ran upon the 385 rocks off Tripoli. The recapture by Decatur and his com- rades, and her destruction by their setting her on fire under the guns of the harbor, was one of the most brilliant naval achievements on record. Marius Duvall, at the age of eight years, was placed in a private school under the charge of two ladies. Two years later he was sent to St. John’s College at Annapolis, and entered the grammar school department. In due time he passed to the regular collegiate course. While pursuing this course pecuniary reverses had over- taken his father, whose death occurred about this time, increasing the embarrassment of his large family. Marius would have been forced to leave college but for the efforts of friends of his family, who prevailed upon the trustees to permit his continuance with his classes as a charity student. It was his original intention after graduation at the end of the fourth year to study law, but such were the family em- barrassments he left college at the end of the third year and began the study of medicine. He entered the office of Dr. Edward Sparks, a gentleman from Ireland, who practiced medicine in Annapolis, and was Professor of Ancient Lan- guages in the college. Dr. Sparks gave Marius the use of his office without compensation of any kind. He added to this advice, instruction and encouragement, and towards the end of his pupilage as a student of medicine he negotiated with Professor Granville Sharp Pattison, of the University of New York, that Duvall might be matriculated in that school, and enjoy the benefits of its instruction upon a simple promissory note, to be paid when he should be able to do so. In the year before this, he had secured, by the act of a considerate friend, the position of resident student in the Infirmary of Baltimore, an appendage to the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland. This was his opportunity for observations into practical medicine, and the proximity of the Infirmary to the buildings where the lectures were delivered afforded him a good opportunity for the study of anatomy. It was in the rooms devoted to this study that he had the good fortune to make the ac- quaintance of Professor William Baker, who occupied the chair of Anatomy. The Professor, learning from a friend that Duvall was striving to prepare himself for the naval service, sought an introduction to him, and at once offered him the use of his private rooms, to enable him the better to prosecute his studies in practical anatomy. Mr. Duvall had been in attendance upon the lectures at New York only a month, when he learned that a Medical Board of Exam- iners of the Navy was in session in Philadelphia. He at once addressed Mr. Upshur, Secretary of the Navy, asking permission to appear before the Board. It was promptly granted, His examination was made in December, 1841, which was satisfactory to the Board, when he left the lec- ture rooms in New York and returned home. He was in- formed that he would be detailed for duty at sea before the period for the delivering of diplomas would arrive. This deprived him at the time of receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He was commissioned as Assistant 386 Surgeon in the navy, January 25, 1842; and the next month received his first orders to join the Florida Squadron, under the command of Lieutenant John T. Mc- Laughlin, who was assisting the army in Florida, in a war with the Seminole Indians. The rendezvous of the squad- ron (called also the Mosquito Fleet) was Indian Key, one of the numerous coral islets on the Florida Reef. A few months after, the Florida war approaching its end, the squadron was withdrawn and dispersed, and Dr. Duvall was transferred to the frigate Constitution, Home Squadron, and then to the Naval Hospital, Norfolk. In the spring of 1844 he was detailed for duty on board the frigate Con- stitution, now under different auspices, with a roving com- mission, under the command of Captain John Percival, well known in the service, and familiarly and lovingly styled “ Jack”’ Percival, and “ Mad Jack.” In this cruise the globe was circumnavigated ; having sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, visiting Madagascar, Zanzibar, Su- matra, Borneo, Cochin China, China, Luzon, Sandwich Islands, and thence to California and Mazatlan, Mexico, Here he was detached and ordered to the Portsmouth, sloop of war, just about to proceed to California to assist Captain Fremont, then exploring in anticipation of war with Mexico. He remained in California about a year, sometimes the medical officer of expeditions into the country. At the battle of Santa Clara, January 2, 1847, he was the aid of the commanding officer. A few months later he was the senior medical officer of Commodore Stockton’s expedition, which landed at San Pedro. He re- turned to the United States in September, 1847, in the frigate Savannah, and very soon after his arrival home, he matriculated in the University of Pennsylvania, to com- plete his education, and to receive his degree. But he was again detailed for duty before the time arrived for the delivery of the diplomas. This difficulty was overcome, however, by the kind consent of his friend, Dr. Hastings, of the navy, a resident of Philadelphia, to act as his proxy on the occasion. He was next detailed to accompany a coast surveying party, with which he remained for eigh- teen months, when he was ordered to the Saranac, sup- posed to be destined to the East Indies. But Lopez, with his fillibusters, having just made his descent on the Island of Cuba, the Saranac was hastily dispatched to Havana, her commanding officer, Captain Tattnall, being invested with some diplomatic power. After duty on board that vessel, then the flag-ship of the West India Squadron, for nearly two years, his health being somewhat impaired, he was granted ‘“sick-leave.” Some months later, his health re-established, he was ordered to the sloop of war Preble, at the Naval Academy ; and in this vessel, with the midshipmen of the Academy, he performed some of the most agreeable duties in his naval experience, making three trips across the Atlantic, visiting the Western Islands, England, France, Spain, Madeira, Teneriffe, Grand Canary, and St. Thomas, While on duty at the Academy, he was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. married, in New Castle, Delaware, to Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. James Booth, of that place. This lady was a sister- in-law of Professor Lockwood, one of the corps of Profes- sors of the Academy at the time, at whose house he had the good fortune to make her acquaintance. After nearly three years’ service in the school-ship Preble, he was sud- denly detached and ordered to another surveying party, whose work was to be in the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf Stream, from the Tortugas to the Chesapeake. Having been fifteen months on that duty, he was ordered to the Naval Asylum, which he found to be a very magnificent marble palace, erected by the Government as a home for its old worn-out seamen. But, as it is situated in an inland position, out of sight of “salt water,’’ and such things as old seamen would desire to see in their retirement, it isto them a sort of prison-house. It was there he received his promotion to Surgeon, September, 1856. After six months’ duty there he was detached and placed on “ waiting orders,” affording him a respite from all duty for a year. In December, 1857, he was Surgeon of the sloop of war Jamestown, which was sent to Greytown, Nicaragua, with some sort of reference to the notorious Walker, who, a few years later, was caught in one of his marauding expedi- tions in Central America, and summarily executed. In the spring of 1860, Surgeon Duvall was detached for special duty at Washington, District of Columbia, and was there when the civil war began. In the stampede of Southern officers from the service of the Government, the Navy Yard at Washington was vacated, and he was ordered to fill the position of Surgeon at that place, where he remained until July, 1862, when he was detailed for duty on board the ironclad frigate, New Ironsides, and in her he remained for two years, during all her service, blockading Charleston harbor. From that vessel he wit- hessed the attack of Dupont on the fortifications with all the ironclads at the disposal of the Government at the time. Upon its call, Dr. Duvall furnished the Navy De- partment with an account of that attack, which was con- sidered of sufficient value to be laid before Congress, and printed by its order. He was present at all the bombard- ments of the fortifications by the New Ironsides, under the . direction of Admiral Dahlgren, the successor of Dupont. After that ship was laid up at Philadelphia, he was again ordered to the Navy Yard at Washington, where he re- mained until the autumn of 1866, when he was sent to the Hospital Ship at Panama, which he was forced to leave in three months, because of an attack of yellow fever. In the summer of 1867 he was ordered to the steam frigate Guer- riere, at Boston, the flag-ship of the South Atlantic Squad- ron. He was now the Fleet Surgeon. After two years on the coast of Brazil, and in the La Plata River, this vessel returned to the United States, and Dr. Duvall was ordered as medical officer in charge of the Naval Hospital at Nor- folk, where he remained three years. During this service he was promoted to the grade of Medical Inspector; thence BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. he was transferred to the Naval Hospital at Annapolis, when he was promoted to Medical Director, the highest grade of naval medical officers. He is now (1879) on special duty in the city of Baltimore. — REV. FRANKLIN, D.D., was born in Bal- ‘ Kik } timore, Maryland, December 8, 1822. His oe father was Thomas Wilson, of the firm of eo William Wilson & Sons. His mother’s maiden name was Mary Cruse. She was the daughter of Thomas Cruse, an Irish patriot, who emigrated to America to escape the vengeance of the British Govern- ment, in consequence of his efforts for the freedom of his | native land. She died in 1824, leaving five children, who were greatly indebted to the faithfulness and piety of their father’s cousin, Miss P, Stansbury (afterwards Mrs. Thomas M. Locke), who exercised over them « motherly care. Dr. Wilson’s first school-teacher was a Mrs. Addison, the next, Dr. Francis Waters; but at ten years of age he was sent to Mount Hope College, near Baltimore, Dr. Frederick Hall, Principal. In September, 1835, before he was thir- teen years of age, he entered the Freshman class, but after completing one year in that institution he was sent to Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, where, on account of his youth, he was obliged to again enter the Freshman class. He spent one year at home, on account of weakness of the eyes, and graduated in 1841, taking the third honor of his class. After another year at home, he entered the Theological Seminary at Newton, Massa- chusetts, but left it, June, 1844, to watch over his father, who was threatened with fatal illness. In 1845 he made a brief voyage to Europe, and on his return in January, 1846, was ordained to the ministry in the First Baptist Church of Baltimore, of which he had been a member since April, 1838. His associations in college had great influence in forming his character and giving direction to his mental habits, as well as determining his choice of a profession. He was fortunate in having as friends or classmates many young men who have since become dis- tinguished as professors and presidents of colleges, or preachers of the Gospel, such as Drs. Dodge, Weston, Brooks, Lincoln, Samson, Caldwell, and others. Mr. Wilson’s first pastoral charge was at a little chapel in the northern suburbs of Baltimore, now called Waverly. There he met with great success, twenty-three having been baptized in one year and a church organized, which remains to the present. In April, 1847, he accepted the pastorate of the High Street Baptist Church, Baltimore, at a time when it was overwhelmed with debt, and the meeting- house offered for sale. By his gratuitous services, and the benefactions of its friends, the house was preserved to the congregation, and the church held together for future use- 387 fulness. In 1848 he was chosen Secretary of the Mary- land Baptist Union Association, a Home Missionary body embracing the Baptist churches of Maryland and District of Columbia, an office which he yet retains. When he assumed the Secretaryship it had only seventeen churches and seventeen hundred and fifteen members, now, after thirty years, it has sixty churches and ten thousand seven hundred and sixteen members. In November, 1850, a serious bronchial affection developed itself, and after vainly struggling against it for nearly two years he resigned his pastorate. For five years he was unable to preach, but since then his throat has been partially restored, so that he has preached many hundred sermons. Before his resig- nation as a pastor he had become editor of the Zrue Union, a weekly religious paper, which he served gratuitously, altogether, about seven years. In 1852 Mr. Wilson gained a prize of one hundred dollars which had been offered for the best essay on “The Duties of Churches to their Pastors,”’ published by the Southern Baptist Publication Society. His subsequent publications have been on “Popular Amuse- ments ;”” “ The Comparative Influence of Baptist and Pedo- baptist Principles in the Christian Nurture of Children ;” tracts on ‘‘ Keep the Church Pure;” “ What must I do to be Saved?” and a sermon on “ Truth Triumphant.” In 1854 he united with the Franklin Square Baptist Church, where he has frequently officiated as Pastor, occasionally for many months together. In that same year he was made Secretary of the Baltimore Baptist Church Extension Society, which he was largely instru- mental in founding. That society built the Lee Street Baptist house of worship, as also that at Franklin Square. He built, at his own expense, a handsome Gothic Chapel at Rockdale, on the Falls Road, and a commodious brick chapel at Madison Square, besides aiding liberally in the erection of nearly every other house of worship built by the Baptists in Baltimore or Maryland. In 1856, in con- nection with Rev. George B. Taylor (now missionary at Rome, Italy), he took the Editorship of the Christian Re- view, the Quarterly periodical of the Baptist denomination, which he held for two years. In 1860 and ’61 he pub- lished several articles in the 7rae Union, urging the Bap- tists to establish a mission in Italy, and addressed letters on the subject to the officers of the Foreign Mission, Bible and Publication Societies. At his instance, Rev. John Berg wrote a letter to the London Freeman, which at- tracted the attention of influential men in England, and was the means of originating the English Baptist Italian Mission, under Rev. Mr. Wall. In 1865 he edited the Maryland Baptist for one year; and in that year the Columbian University, at Washington, District of Colum- bia, conferred on him the title of Doctor of Divinity. In 1870 Dr. Wilson delivered an address on Italy, in Phila- delphia, before the American Baptist Publication Society, which awakened much interest. Shortly after, he received a letter from Rev. James B. Taylor, Corresponding Secre- 388 tary of the Foreign Missionary Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, saying: “I was deeply interested in your remarks in Philadelphia, and let me solicit your aid in this thing. Help us to secure the proper men; the Board are ready to take action.’” A few days after, Rev. Dr. Cote was providentially brought to Dr. Wilson’s no- tice, and by him introduced to the Board at Richmond, and appointed as their missionary to Rome. That was the origin of the American Baptist Mission to Italy, in which Rev. George B. Taylor, D.D., son of the Secretary above named, has labored with so much devotion, pru- dence, and success. In 1874 Dr. Wilson wrote and pub- lished a work on Wealth, its Acquisition, Investment, and Use, which has received warm commendations from the periodical press. His sympathies and labors have not been confined to his own denomination. He was the ortginator of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Baltimore, in 1852. He first advocated it in the Z7ue Union, then issued the first invitation to a public meeting on the subject, was chairman of the committee to form its constitution, and was its first secretary. He has been a Manager of the House of Refuge since 1857, and Presi- dent of the Board of Trustees of the Baltimore Orphan Asylum, since the death of the lamented George Brown in 1859. He has also been a Manager of the Children’s Aid Society, of the Home for the Fallen, and President of the Maryland Industrial School for Girls, since its ori- gin, June 8, 1868. It was chiefly through his efforts that the noble donation of Joseph Patterson, Esq, of a large lot of ground and five thousand dollars in United States bonds was secured for this important object, and increased by other subscriptions. Besides these religious and benev- olent enterprises, Dr. Wilson has taken a deep interest in developing the growth and improvement of his native city and its suburbs; having aided in the erection of over forty buildings, and being connected with several associa- tions, among others the “ Fire-Proof Building Company,” and the “ Peabody Heights Company,” designed to pro- vide healthful and attractive homes for the people. In November, 1848, he married Miss Virginia Appleton, of Portland, Maine, a granddaughter of Rev. Elisha S. Wil- liams, who was an Adjutant in the Revolutionary Army, and who crossed the Delaware with Washington. They have two sons and a daughter, J. Appleton Wilson, archi- tect, F. Hamilton Wilson, and Adelaide S. Wilson. Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore, was born in that city, September 5, 1821. His father, “? Jeremiah Garey, was a native of Virginia. His grandfather, William Garey, married Henrietta Gar- land, of a well-known Virginia family, whose ances- A MAREY, HONORABLE HENRY FAITHFUL, Associate & "%6 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tors came to America in colonial times from England. Jeremiah Garey, who removed to Philadelphia, married, in 1810, Elizabeth Burke, daughter of Edward Burke, an Irish gentleman, distinguished for his literary and scientific attainments. Mrs. Burke was of the Elling- wood family, of England, which has many branches in this country. Jeremiah, who had an inventive mind and a great aptitude for mechanics, removed from Phila- delphia, where he had been pursuing the business of a machinist, and took up his residence in Baltimore, where he conducted a large establishment on Light Street, where Lombard Street has since been opened. He had fine lit- erary taste, and delivered occasional lectures on scientific subjects, and also on medicine. He was a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was well known to the pioneers of that denomination in Baltimore. He died in 1828, leaving an only son, the subject of this sketch. Henry was sent to the best schools, and subse- quently received instructions from the late Dr. William Roszel, a noted teacher of his day. In 1835 his mother removed to the West, and shortly afterwards married a Cin- cinnati gentleman. Henry remained in Baltimore and turned his attention to a commercial education. In this purpose he was aided by an eminent merchant, a friend of his father, with whom he resided nearly two years. In 1838 he removed West and made his home in Cincinnati. In the ensuing year he united with the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Soon after joining the Church he was induced to enter the ministry, and in 1840 was called to fill a va- cancy in and around Louisville, Kentucky. In 1841 he met Rev. Henry B. Bascom, afterwards Bishop of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church South, who became warmly attached tohim. Mr. Bascom, who was then professor in a Metho- dist college, at Augusta, Kentucky, invited young Garey to that place, which invitation the latter accepted, and under the patronage of that eminent divine he began the study of theology and the ordinary college curriculum. He remained at Augusta two years, during which he made rapid progress in his studies. Dr. Bascom being elected President of the Transylvania University, located at Lex- ington, Kentucky, the greater number of the students of Augusta College followed him, including Mr. Garey, who matriculated at the University, in the class of the third year. There he was conspicuous for his diligence, and enjoyed great popularity among the students. At the close of the year he was selected to represent both of the University societies in the annual address, which was the great feature of the last day of the session. At this point he was forced to bid adieu to college life by reason of a fixed and dangerous disease of the throat, which was then prevalent. A change of residence was indispensable, and he left Lexington with reluctance. He returned to Balti- more, where he underwent lengthy medical treatment. Owing to the general impairment of his health he was advised to relinquish the idea of ministerial labor. For BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. several years he sought rest and recuperation in the country, and in the spring of 1845 returned to Kentucky with the view of studying law. His preceptors were the well-known law firm of Purtle & Speed, the former of whom had been for a long time Chancellor of Louis- ville, and the latter subsequently became Attorney-General of the United States. In 1846 Mr. Garey was urged to take charge of an academy at New Castle, Kentucky, known as the Henry Institute. Under his general super- vision the ordinary liberal branches of education were taught, and the enterprise proved very successful. In 1848 Mr. Garey, who had been admitted to the bar, discontinued his connection with that institution. During his stay at New Castle, at the request of Senator Crittenden and others, he delivered the address to the returned volunteers from Mexico. He also pronounced a eulogy upon young Henry Clay, who fell at the battle of Buena Vista. He was assistant Elector for Cass and Butler in the Presiden- tial campaign of 1848. In the winter of this year he established himself as a lawyer in Columbia, Boone County, Missouri, receiving, on the occasion of his leaving Kentucky, a complimentary testimonial from his profes- sional brethren, who, at a meeting presided over by Hon- orable Humphrey Marshall, adopted resolutions expressive of their great reluctance in parting with one of their number so capable of doing honor to the professsion, and of their best wishes for his happiness and prosperity. Columbia was the seat of the Missouri University, and Mr. Garey immediately found friends in its president and pro- fessors. William Roberts, 2 prominent member of the Columbia bar, being made Attorney-General, his increased practice made it necessary for him to take a partner. He selected Mr, Garey. Shortly after the partnership Mr. Rob- erts died, and the whole of the extensive business of the firm passed into the hands of Mr. Garey, and was retained by him. In 1849 he purchased and improved a tract of land two miles from the county seat, adding thereto an open farm, upon which he constructed proper buildings. He soon became a large producer of grain, and gave much attention to fine cattle. In 1851 he was appointed a local Curator in the State University, and was subsequently elected by the State Senate and Lower House to the same position. In 1853 he was elected Secretary of the Board of Curators of the University. During his connection with the University he was very active in its affairs. Mr. Garey was the manager of the bill which was passed for the geo- logical survey of the State, at the head of which was placed Professor George C. Swallow, who is well known for his researches and labors in that field. In the contest which occurred in Missouri between the Benton and anti-Benton wings of the Democratic party, Mr. Garey took a leading part, and was sent to the convention as Chairman of a com- promise delegation. In the convention the controversy was settled by the adoption of a platform which was op- posed by Mr. Gardenhire, the Attorney-General, who rep- 50 389 resented the Benton faction, and advocated by Mr. Garey. These two, by common consent, conducted the discussion. The adoption of the platform resulted in the reuniting of the party. The convention was in session during the Presi- dential contest, and before the adjournment Mr. Garey was nominated as one of the Electors. He took a leading part in the canvass, and being elected, cast his vote for Franklin Pierce for President, and William R. King for Vice-Presi- dent, of the United States. Upon the inauguration of Gen- eral Pierce he was recommended by his party, including Colonel Benton, for Secretary of Nebraska Territory. He was, however, unwilling to change his residence, and there- fore made no application to the President for the place. He, however, accepted the position of State’s Attorney for the Second Judicial Circuit, which he was appointed to fill, August 31,1852. He held this office during the anti-slav- ery agitation in Kansas, which extended throughout Mis- souri, making it necessary for him to try many aggravated cases in the midst of popular frenzy and in the face of every form of intimidation. He fearlessly discharged his duty, and was warmly supported by the bench and bar of the circuit. The arduous duties of the farm, the law, poli- tics, and the university, commenced to tell unfavorably upon Mr. Garey’s health, and he found it necessary to forsake his labors and seek repose and health amidst new scenes. He therefore sold his farm, resigned his practice and position as Curator, and returned, in April of 1856, to Baltimore, where he took up his permanent residence. He was immediately admitted to the bar in Maryland, but did not open a law office until August 1, 1857, he having taken a rest of sixteen months to recuperate his exhausted energies. He gradually acquired a large and lucrative practice. Mr. Garey was active in the reform movements of 1860, which resulted in the triumph of law and order, by the election of Mayor George William Brown. During the civil war Mr. Garey sympathized with the Southern people, but took no active part in the con- flict. At the close of the war he assisted in the reorgani- zation of the Democratic party, to which he had always been attached. In the spring of 1867 he was sent to the first Democratic City Convention held after the war. He at once became prominent in that body and wrote and re.- ported the address which was adopted, and which was the opening act in the contest that terminated in the establishment of Democratic rule in Maryland. In the same year he was elected a member from Baltimore to the State Constitutional Convention, and his practical good sense and ability gave him a strong influence in that body. The labors of the convention resulted in the adoption of the present Constitution of the State, which was confirmed by the people September 18, 1867. On Mr. Garey’s re- turn from the convention he was urged to allow his name to be used as a candidate for a judicial position, and in October, 1867, he was elected an Associate Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. He took his seat in 399 the Court of Common Pleas, which he “occupied uninter- ruptedly for eleven years. He is now, by assignment, presiding in the Baltimore City Court. Judge Garey is a prominent member of the Odd Fellows, and has passed through all the offices. When Grand Master of Maryland he delivered the address at the laying of the corner-stone of the Wildey Monument in Baltimore. In 1866 he en- tered the Supreme National Grand Lodge of the body, and has, every year since, presided over its most important committees. At the Odd Fellows’ semi-centenary, he ad- dressed ten thousand members of the fraternity at Music Hall, Boston, April 26,1869. In 1877 the Supreme Body of Odd Fellowship authorized the publication of a history of that Order, by James L. Ridgely, its Grand Secretary. Judge Garey became the editor and writer thereof, and the work, since published, has been widely eulogized by the press as a literary production. He has delivered many able and eloquent addresses before the public, and is a polished and forcible speaker. His first wife was Miss Ball, of Kentucky, who died in 1852. His present wife is the eldest daughter of the late Beale H. Richardson, former editor of the Republican and Argus of Baltimore, and a leading Democrat. Judge Garey has a son, who is a practicing physician, and a daughter, Mrs. Walton, who resides in Richmond, Virginia. Few persons possess more solid, general, and varied information; a more mature judgment or intimate knowledge of the law, or enjoy greater personal popularity than Judge Garey. He is in the prime of life, and is noted for quickness and clearness in his decisions and for his energy in the dispatch of business. 10, 1801, in Fairfield Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Ee 00 GEORGE BERGEN, was born, February Ps He is the son of Captain Samuel and Mary (Buck) Westcott. His father served against the Whiskey Insurrection. His mother was a daughter of Judge John Buck, of Pett’s Grove, New Jersey, The subject of this sketch received a limited education in Fairfield Township, and at the age of nineteen years started out in the world to make his fortune. He walked to Cincinnati, Ohio, in twelve days, where he re- mained two years, teaching school and otherwise supporting himself, and then returned home. After a year he con- cluded to go West again, and on his way visited Millington, Kent County, Maryland. Being much pleased with the place and the people, he accepted a clerkship in the store of Dr. George O. Trenchard at that place in 1823, and taught school for awhile at New Market, now called Chesterville, in Kent County, Maryland. Afterward he served as Constable in the Upper District, Deputy Sheriff, and Collector of Taxes, and as Assessor of Kent County, Maryland. At one time BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. he was a merchant at Millington; from which place he re- moved to Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Maryland, where he continued in the mercantile business, and married, June 14, 1831, his first wife, Mary Ann Hynson, daughter of Richard and Araminta (Bowers) Hynson, who died in 1841, leaving two children, Mary, who married Charles Hammond, now deceased, and Harriet Louisa, who mar- ried Thomas Hill, of Baltimore. He removed to Chester- town, Maryland, in 1832, and continued merchandising, and also devoted much attention to farming. Having amassed an independent fortune, he retired from mercan- tile pursuits in 1852, and sold his store to his nephew, Nicholas Godfrey Westcott. He served as President of the Commissioners of Kent County several years, with much satisfaction to the public. Upon the organization, January 7, 1847, of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Kent County, he was elected its first President, but subse- quently resigned and accepted the position of Secretary and Treasurer, which he held for a number of years. He is now one of the Directors of the company. On March I, 1850, he was elected the first President of the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Bank at Chestertown, now, and since Sep- tember 27, 1865, the Kent National Bank, and has been continued its presiding officer to the present time. He was President for several years of a steamboat company, and also of the Paint Creek and Ritchie County Oil and Min- - ing Company of West Virginia. In the sessions of 1861- 62 and 1864 he represented Kent County in the House of Delegates of Maryland. In politics, he was a Whig; voted in 1860 for Bell and Everett, and is now identified with the Republicans. He was raised a Presbyterian, but is at present a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He married, October 17, 1843, his second wife, Anna Maria Tilden, daughter of Dr. Charles and Anna Maria (Buchanan) Tilden, and has a son, Charles Tylden West- cott, attorney-at-law, who married, September 17, 1873, Mary J. Guion, daughter of Dr. John and Susan S. (Roberts) Guion, of New Berne, North Carolina, and has two children, viz., Charles Tylden Westcott, and John Guion Westcott. Yo GEORGE WASHINGTON, M.D., was born é } in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, November 1 18, 1819. His parents were Levi and Mary ‘ Ann. Wayson, and were zealous and consistent in their religious belief. His father was a native of Anne Arundel County, a well-to-do farmer, and a promi- nent member of the Methodist Church in that vicinity. He was born September 9, 1778. His mother was a daughter of John Smith, of England, and was born December 20, 1782. They had seven children, five of whom reached maturity, and four of whom are still living. John, the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. eldest son, is now (1878) in his sixty-ninth year, a farmer by occupation, and a local preacher in the Methodist Epis- copal Church. James, the next oldest, is deceased. The next is the subject of this sketch. Mary W. and Sarah J. are the names of the daughters, who are now living in the same county. Dr. Wayson’s grandfather, John Wayson, was from Scotland, and his religious persuasion Protestant Episcopal. He was a practical farmer. His grandfather on his mother’s side, John Smith, came from England dur- ing the Revolution, joined the American Army, and re- mained in the service until the close of the war. He was also a farmer. The subject of this sketch was a member of the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore in the years 1863-4-5. Dr. Wayson received his early education partly ina public school in his native county, and in J. F. Wilson’s Private Academy, where the higher branches were taught. In his nineteenth year he left school, on account of the death of his father, learned the trade of house carpenter, and afterward that of millwrighting. In 1843 he reviewed his literary studies under a private tutor from Jreland, and in March, 1844, began the study of medicine, graduating from the Washington University of Medicine, in Baltimore, March 6, 1846. In July, 1846, owing to failing health from undue application to study, he returned to his native county, and remained at home until the spring of 1847, where he reorganized a public school, was elected teacher and taught for about four years, during which time he read and practiced medicine. He then came to Baltimore and established himself in the practice of medicine, where he has continued ever since. In the fall of 1861 he was author- ized by the War Department of Washington to raise a regi- ment in Baltimore for the suppression of the Rebellion, with his headquarters at the Lazaretto, of which regiment he acted as Colonel, having charge of the powder-houses and keeping guard over property opposite Fort McHenry. In 1862 an order was given to re-examine all soldiers in the volunteer regiments of the United States Army. His regiment, the Third Maryland Infantry, was re-examined according to that order, and the men assigned to other regiments, there being two “ Third Maryland” regiments. He therefore did not enter the army, but afterward rendered efficient service as Volunteer Surgeon on several battle- fields. He was married in November, 1844, while a student of medicine, to Miss Barbara Ellen Abey, of Baltimore, who lived but two years after their marriage. On February 10, 1848, he married Sarah Ann Smith, daughter of Au- gustus Smith, of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and by his second marriage has had four children, all of whom are now living, and at the age of maturity. William A. N., the eldest, is a practitioner of medicine; the youngest, George W., is an attorney, having read law with Archibald Ster- ling, Jr., United States District Attorney. The names of the other children are John E. D, and Sarah Ella. Dr. Wayson joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1843, and has been a member of the same ever since. His po- 391 litical sentiments are those of a Republican, and have been ever since the civil war. tioner has been one of uninterrupted success, and his life one of great activity and usefulness. His career as a medical practi- or of Washington, District of Columbia, was RS born, January 18, 1787, in Alexandria, Virginia. He was the son of Richard and Elizabeth (Chew) Weightman. He served as an officer of cavalry in the war of 1812-15, and was for many years a General of militia. During the civil war he commanded the troops quartered in the Patent Office at Washington. From 1824 to 1827, he was Mayor of the city of Washing- ton, and resigned that position to become Cashier of the Bank of Washington. At one time he was acting Com- missioner of Patents, and was for many years Librarian of the Patent Office. He discharged his public duties with great fidelity and always acquitted himself with much credit. He died in Washington, February 2, 1876. Wo ores GENERAL ROGER CHEW, Ex-May- Major Levi Cathell, a wealthy native of the same Y* county, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was taken prisoner and, with others, carried to Eng- land and confined until independence was gained. His mother, Rebecca (Porter) Cathell, was a near relative of the famous Commodore David Porter, who commanded the Essex. From early youth, Colonel Levi Cathell was deeply interested in the military and political affairs of Worcester. He commanded the county regiment for more than twenty years, and represented the county in the State Legislature for about sixteen years. He was also for a long period a most consistent and devoted Freemason. He was a classical scholar, a fine logician, ready debater, and a successful polemical writer. He had one of the finest private libraries in Maryland, and his house was the resort of the most prominent and intelligent citizens of the county. He had travelled extensively in foreign countries ATHELL, CotoneL Levi, was born in Worcester County, Maryland, August 16,1789. His father, OX _in early manhood, and possessed a great fund of interest- ing knowledge, which he took pleasure in communicating to his friends. His love of wisdom, his zeal in public affairs, and his lofty conception of the duties of a citizen, are still the subject of many an anecdote in Worcester County. Among the representative men of that county, there are but few, if any, who will be remembered longer by the people than Colonel Levi Cathell. He was married in 1818, and died February 14, 1850, leaving five sons and five daughters, 392 I rorne JoHN WELLS Emory, Merchant and ity) Farmer, of Sudlersville, Queen Anne’s County, ee : Maryland, was born in that place, January 11, { 1817. The estate of the first American ancestor of } the family comprised about one thousand acres of land, a large proportion of which still remains in the possession of the family. The village of Sudlersville, on the Queen Anne’s and Kent Railroad, is on this land; three farms on the west of it, and parts of several on the east, occupy the remainder. Richard Sudler, the grand- father of John W. E. Sudler, married Margaret, daughter of Colonel Arthur and Ann (Wells) Emory. He died at Sledmore in 1797, and his widow in 1806. Their son, Arthur Emory Sudler, born June 22, 1792, married Mary W., daughter of Rev. William and Sarah (Farrell) Jack- son, of Queen Anne’s County. He died September, 1863, in the seventy-second year of his age, having been for more than half a century an honored and official member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife, a devoted Christian lady, was born in 1796, and died in September, 1846. Three of the children, two sons and a daughter, survived them. The daughter, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Comegys, died in 1865. The younger son, Dr. William Jackson Sudler, born in July, 1825, was for a number of years a practicing physician in Sudlersville, but his health not permitting him to continue his profession, he is now a farmer on a part of Sledmore, and a local preacher in the Church of his parents. He is a man of intelligence and influence in the community. The elder son, the subject of: this sketch, attended school from his seventh to his fourteenth year, when he was placed in a store in Sudlers- ville. When sixteen years of age he went to Philadelphia, where he was a clerk for three years. Returning home in 1838, he went into mercantile business with his father, the firm bearing the name of J. E. Sudler & Co. In this business, under various connections, he continued until 1850, after which he devoted himself to agriculture, in which, during these years, he had been engaged to a limited extent. He removed in the beginning of this year to the estate on which he now resides, known as “ Rose Villa,” a part of the original tract held for generations in the family. It consists of three hundred and fifty acres, and was purchased by him of various parties in 1848. In 1857 Mr. Sudler was nominated and elected on the Demo- cratic ticket to the House of Delegates, and served in the session of 1858. In 1859 he became one of the Judges of the Orphans’ Court of his county, and served four years. In 1867 he was again elected to the Legislature, and served in the session of 1868. Mr. Sudler united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1838, in which he has been a recording steward since 1843. He has been a trustee, Sunday-school superintendent, and class- leader, filling each office worthily and efficiently. He was married first, April 26, 1838, to Mary R., only daughter of John Morgan, of Wye Landing, in Talbot County. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Her amiable qualities and Christian character endeared her to the Church and the community. She died in March, 1867, leaving four children. Dr. Arthur Emory Sudler, the eldest, farmer and physician, resides on the old home- stead, and is a well-known citizen of the county. He graduated at Jefferson College in the spring of 1858. He is master of the Grange of Queen Anne’s County, and is greatly interested in agriculture. He is also an official member of the Church of his parents, and superintendent of its Sunday-school in Sudlersville. The second son, John Morling Sudler, is also a member of that Church, and is master of the Sudlersville Grange. The third son, William Jackson Sudler, is in the jewelry business in Phila- delphia. Mrs. S. S. Goodhand, who resides on a farm contiguous to that of her father, is the fourth child. On June 11, 1868, Mr. Sudler was married to Martha Virginia, daughter of Thomas Hopkins, of Caroline County. He has by this marriage two sons and a daughter. Ass RicHARD EDMUND, was born, October 14, é (Ak } 1843, in Stein, Austria. His father, John Walzl, pt was a highly respectable citizen of that place, s iG and a manufacturer of gold and silver ware. He possessed an original and ingenious mind, and was widely known for his integrity and purity of character. At the conclusion of the revolution in Austria in 1848 he was selected as a delegate from Stein for signing the dec- laration of peace between the Emperor and the people. He held the rank of military commander, and was for some time a burgomaster of his native town. In 1852 he came with his family to America, and settled in Baltimore. He placed Richard at Professor Knapp’s Institute, where he remained two years, and then began the study of the art of photography, At the expiration of four years he com- menced the photographic business on his own account in Harford County, Maryland, where he saved in a year or so sufficient to enable him to open a photographic establish- ment in Baltimore, at 77 West Baltimore Street, in 1862. He pursued his business successfully in that locality for five years, when he moved into the fine marble building, No. 103 West Baltimore Street, constructed especially for his business. In 1872 he removed to 46 North Charles Street, where he is now located. It has been the aim of Mr. Walzl to place his art at the highest point of perfection, and with this view he has adopted every new and ingenious process that his own inventive mind or that of other masters of his profession have suggested. Prior to opening his studio, Mr. Walzl made an extensive tour through the United States and the Canadas, visiting the leading photographic art establishments in the principal cities. He was thus enabled to introduce many new features into his own. He is the editor and publisher of the Photographic Rays of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Light, a popular photographic magazine. He also issues The Photographers Friend, which is devoted to the finan- cial and commercial interests of photography. In 1878 he issued a publication containing full instructions and advice to sitters as to their dress, position, time for sitting, expres- sion, etc., and a complete description of the photographic art. The book also embraces a history of the origin and progress of photography. In this publication he endeavors to cultivate a high appreciation of the beautiful and a sym- pathy with art, an aesthetic taste and elevated sentiments in regard to the pictures of cherished friends or relatives. He competed with some of the best artists of the country at a fair of the Maryland Institute, and carried off the premium for plain photographs. The porcelain miniatures executed at Mr. Walzl’s establishment have securéd a special medal of merit on account of their exquisite delicacy in finish and permanency. Commencing with scarcely a dollar, Mr. Walzl has, by his own exertions and talents, achieved great success. He is highly esteemed for his superior intelli- gence, his sensitive appreciation of all that is good and beautiful, and for his strict integrity. In June, 1874, Mr. Walzl married Miss Henrietta E. Scheib, third daughter of Rev. Henry Scheib, of Baltimore. He has two children, Aimee and Richard. cn. IWay;ROWN, Hon. Georce WILLIAM, Chief Judge of Sai the Supreme Bench of the City of Baltimore, was x born in Baltimore, October 13, 1812. His father, r George John Brown, a native of the same city, and t a prominent merchant there, was the son of Dr. George Brown, physician, who came from Ireland and settled in Baltimore in 1783. He died in 1822. His son married Esther Allison, daughter of Rev. Patrick Allison, a native of Baltimore. At the age of eight years George William Brown was sent to a celebrated Quaker school, after which he attended the Baltimore City College, then a Classical school, where he became well grounded in the rudiments of Latin and Greek. After attending other schools he entered, at the age of sixteen years, the Sopho- more class at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. After remaining there for a year he entered Rutgers College, New Jersey, graduating therefrom in 1831, at the head of his class. The same year he began the study of law in the office of the late Judge Purviance, and at the end of the year, was admitted tothe bar. In 1839 he entered into co- partnership with Mr. Frederick William Brune, a former schoolmate and intimate friend. The firm was subse- quently enlarged by the admission of Mr. Stewart Brown and Mr. George W. Brown’s eldest son, Arthur George Brown, and remained without change until October, 1873, when the senior partner was elected judge. It still re- tains the old name of Brown & Brune, and is the oldest law firm in the city. The first instance in which Mr. 393 Brown took any prominent part in public affairs was on the occasion of the Bank of Maryland riot of 1835, when he was one of the volunteers under the brave General Samuel Smith, of Revolutionary fame, for its suppression. In the winter of 1842 a “ Slaveholder’s Convention ”’ was held at Annapolis, and adopted a series of resolutions of a harsh and oppressive character, concerning the negro population, discouraging manumissions, and laying such burdens upon the free blacks as would have compelled them to leave the State. Mr. Brown, through the public press, entered an earnest protest against such a course, on grounds both of expediency and of justice. He showed that the true policy of the State had ever been to encourage manumissions, and that the vigorous measures urged against the free colored people were as impolitic as they were oppressive. His ar- ticles attracted much attention. Public meetings were held, and the Legislature, perceiving the sentiment of the community, refused to pass the obnoxious measures. In the earlier years of Mr. Brown’s legal career there was no public law library. He, with Mr. William A. Talbott, in- augurated a movement which resulted in the foundation of the present excellent Bar Library, an institution of which Mr. Brown has long been President. In March, 1853, he delivered a lecture before the Maryland Institute, selecting as his theme, “‘ Lawlessness, the Evil of the Day.” This was the first occasion on which he became conspicuously forward as the advocate of certain much- needed reforms in the municipal government, and it was, perhaps, the first step towards the reform movement, which, some years later, assumed a definite shape, and finally ob- tained a complete triumph in 1860. Among the remedial measures recommended by Mr. Brown were the replace- ment of the constables and watchmen by a uniformed me- tropolitan police; that the turbulent volunteer fire com- panies should give way to a paid fire department; that juvenile offenders should be sent to the House of Refuge ; that ruffians and thieves, when caught, should not be re- leased on “straw bail,’? but should receive sentences bear- ing some proportion to the magnitude of their offences, and that, when finally sentenced, the annulling of the sentence by a pardon should be the exception rather than the rule. He has lived to see most of these reforms adopted. In 1858 Mr. Brown united with other prominent citizens to form a “ Reform Association,” the object of which was, by regular meetings and appeals through the press, to or- ganize the friends of law and order into a body, influential and strong enough to insure quiet and fairness at the polls, which, at that time, were the scenes of disgraceful fraud, violence, and disorder. The violence practiced at the Oc- tober election of 1859 was the proximate cause of the great reformation which soon took place. The reformers pre- pared and urged the adoption of a law, taking the appoint- ment and control of the police from the mayor, and giving the power over that body to a board of commissioners, also providing safeguards for the purity and freedom of elec- 394 tions. This law met with violent opposition, but was passed by the Legislature and sustained by the Court of Appeals. Its salutary action at once removed the evils from which the city had so long suffered. At the next election, October, 1860, Mr. Brown was brought for- ward by the Reform party as their candidate for the of- fice of mayor. In a fair and orderly election he was chosen by a majority of about eight thousand. He en- tered upon office November 12, 1860, at a peculiarly critical period, when the whole country was agitated by the election of Mr. Lincoln. When it was known that Federal troops would be sent through the city on their way to the South, the Board of Police requested that their arrival might be notified in advance, by telegraph, so that a sufficient police escort might be provided, as it was feared the excited temper of the citizens might lead to some outbreak. The precaution was neglected or omitted by the Federal authorities in the case of the Massachusetts troops, who reached the city on Ftiday, April 19, 1861. About half an hour before their arrival at the Philadelphia depot instructions were received to have a police force in readiness at the Washington (Cam- den Street) Station, as the troops were not to march through the city, but to pass through inthe cars, along Pratt Street. A strong police force was at once hurried to the place in- dicated, but no sufficient time had been given to guard, in the same way, the whole line of route. The first cars passed through in safety, but some of those which followed were checked by obstructions placed on the track, and the soldiers, alighting, undertook to march through the city to the Camden depot.~ The street was lined with an angry though unarmed crowd, which began to assail the troops with stones. The latter, after forbearing fora time, returned the assault with volleys of musketry. The Mayor had just left the Camden Street depot, supposing that all the troops had passed in safety, when information was brought to him of the dangerous position of those who had been stopped on Pratt Street, and he at once hastened to the spot, ordering the Marshal, George P. Kane, to follow with a body of police. He met the troops march- ing rapidly, followed by the crowd, still assailing them with stones and pistol-shots, and placing himself at their head marched with them for some distance towards their desti- nation, the Camden Street depot. His presence, however, did not avail either to protect them from attack, or the citizens from their indiscriminate fire. Soon the Marshal of Police, at the head of about fifty men, came rapidly up from the direction in which they were retreating, passed to the rear of the troops, and forming a line across the street, with pistols presented, checked the advance of the crowd, and the troops without further molestation reached the station, where a train, with the rest of the regiment, was awaiting them. By the prompt and effective handling of the police much bloodshed was prevented. Asa temporary precaution against the enactment of similar scenes the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Mayor and Police Commissioners, with the approval of Gov- ernor Hicks, who was then a guest of Mr. Brown, caused certain bridges on the Northern Central and Philadelphia Railroads to be partially destroyed, and this was done just in time to prevent a body of unarmed Pennsylvania troops from advancing on the city. In view of the highly excited state of the community this measure was deemed necessary to save the lives of the advancing soldiers, and ultimately preserve the city from the horrors of war. On Sunday, April 21, the Mayor received a telegram from President Lincoln requesting an interview, and he pro- ceeded at once to Washington, accompanied by G. W. Dobbin, at present Judge of the Supreme Bench, S. Teackle Wallis, and John’C. Brune. The President recognized the good faith in which the authorities had acted, and gave an assurance that no more troops should be sent through Bal- timore while other lines of transportation were open, and at his request General Scott, the Commander-in-Chief, ordered some Pennsylvania troops, who had approached the city, to be sent around it. Finally Federal military rule was established in the city. The Marshal of Police was arrested and imprisoned and the police disbanded. The Police Commissioners were soon afterwards arrested and placed in confinement. The Mayor continued to dis- charge his duties, except those appertaining to the police, unmolested, until the night of September 12 (1861), when he was arrested at his house and taken as a prisoner to Fort McHenry, whence he was removed successively to Fortress Monroe, Fort Lafayette, and Fort Warren. While in confinement various offers were made to Mr. Brown, on the part of the government, to release him, but all coupled with conditions which he did not choose to accept. Finally, when his term of office had expired, he was, November 27, 1862, unconditionally released. Mr. Brown was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867. October 22, 1872, he was elected to the position of Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. He was nominated by the Democratic Conservative party, and as the opposing political party made no nomination he received the entire vote cast. Mr. Brown has been devoted to the studies and labors of his profession, and has found time to take an active part in the management of various literary and benevolent institutions. He was one of the founders of the Maryland Historical Society ; has been a Trustee in the Peabody Institute ; is a Regent in the Mary- land University; is a Visitor of St. John’s College, An- napolis, and one of the Trustees of the Johns Hopkins University. For two years, 1871-1873, he lectured on constitutional law before the Law School of the Maryland University. In 1849 he, with Messrs. William H. Norris and F. W. Brune, compiled the first Digest of the Deci- stons of the Court of Appeals. In 1850 he delivered a dis- course before the Maryland Historical Society on the “Origin and Growth of Civil Liberty in Maryland.” In 1851 he delivered an address before the literary societies BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of Rutberg’s College, at their anniversary, on “The Old World and the New.”’ Other addresses made by him were one in 1868, at the Maryland Institute, on “ The Relation of the Legal Profession to Society,” and one in 1869 before the literary societies of St. John’s College, on “ The Need of a Higher Standard of Education in the United States,’’ and one in 1872 to the medical graduates of the Maryland University. October 29, 1839, he married Clara Maria Brune, daughter of Frederick William Brune, of Bremen. He-has had seven children, five of whom are living. GWeNOWDEN, Puiup M., Sheriff of Baltimore, was Aity) born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Novem- ber 18, 1831. : schools of his native town, and left the parental roof at t the early age of thirteen to seek his fortune in the city of Baltimore. He there entered the employ of Mr. Hughes, saddle and harness maker, in whose establish- ment he was made a complete drudge, with little considera- tion for his tender years. Soon becoming discouraged and homesick, he returned to his home on West River. At this course his mother was much displeased, and after a time, placing a ten-dollar note in his hands, she started him off again with the command never to return to his home under similar circumstances. Returning to Baltimore he en- gaged to learn the printing business, at which he served for about five years. At the expiration of this period, when only nineteen years of age, he was married to Sallie E., daughter of John Kuyhton, of South River. He then went to Washington and entered the office of the Glove, of which paper he was the principal proof-reader before the end of two years. At that time he returned to Baltimore and en- tered the conveyancing and real estate business, which he conducted with great success until his nomination and election to the position of Sheriff of the city of Baltimore, November 6, 1877. His majority (24,000) was the greatest ever received by any individual to any office in that city. The business of this office he performs to the ‘entire satis- faction of the courts and of the public. Mr. Snowden was for a number of years a member of the Maryland Institute, and had charge of the Educational and Lecture Depart- ment. It was through his means that the Female Book- keeping Department was introduced into this institution. He was also for six years Commissioner for the Public Schools, and established the Saturday Normal Class for the teachers, which has proved a great success. Mr. Snowden also established English-German schools, and the first colored grammar school in the city. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has filled the next highest position in the Grand Lodge of Maryland. He is also a member of the Order of United Mechanics of Baltimore. At the close of the late war he established the He made good progress in the 395 first military organization under the new military law. He was Assistant Librarian at Annapolis under John Swann for two years. His uniform courtesy and kindness have made him very popular, and secured him the warm friend- ship of all who know him. He has had four children, only two of whom are now living, Florence May, and Ella Virginia. ; to the United States, arriving in Baltimore in : 1817, in which place he engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements. He invented a patent — plough, which took the premium at the first exhibition of the Maryland Agricultural Society. In 1826 he started the well-known livery stable on Calvert Street, opposite the City Spring, which proved a successful undertaking, and in which he was engaged until after the year 1850, when he retired to his farm near Bel Air, Harford County. Here, until he became too enfeebled by age, he occupied his time in agricultural pursuits. He died March 8, 1876. He was a gentleman of pure and blameless character, sterling integrity, and as long as he retained his health was always energetic and successful in business. Two sons and a daughter survived him, Francis, John Duncan, and Maggie, now Mrs. James Heald. The last-named now occupies the country-seat of her father near Bel Air, which is one of the most beautiful and valuable in the State. The grounds of the County Agricultural Fair form a part of the estate, and the projected Narrow Gauge Railroad will run through it. Barbara, the wife of John Stewart, died in the October preceding his death. Their son George at the age of six years spoke six languages with fluency and correctness, and as he grew older his attainments as a scholar and writer were very wonderful. He died at the age of nineteen. Their son, Colin Mac- kenzie, also highly gifted, died at the age of twenty-one, and their son James, twin brother of John Duncan, a sketch of whose life appears in this volume, died at the commencement of the war. TEWART, JOHN, was born in Roxburgshire, Scot- ety Jand, February 17, 1779. He married and came WW EINEKAMP, WILLIAM, Piano Manufacturer, was ) ) born in the town of Lippe, Detmold, Prussia, in “ye 1826, After receiving as good an education as a the schools of his native place could furnish, he, at the age of fourteen years, commenced to learn the piano manufacturing business, in which he continued for seven years, at the expiration of which he came to America and settled in Baltimore, Maryland. This was in 1848, and the subject of this sketch, then in his twenty- 396 first year, entered into the service of a piano manufac- turing establishment, in which he continued for thirteen years and a half, thus enjoying the long experience of nearly twenty-one years in his trade. In 1861 Mr. Heine- kamp established himself in business on his own account at 511 West Baltimore Street, for the manufacture of pianos. In 1872 he built the extensive factory, five stories high and covering an area of over seven thousand square feet, at the corner of St. Peter and Sterritt streets, Baltimore, where he manufactures grand, square, and up- right pianos (the former being a specialty), and gives employment, during active seasons, to fifty workmen. Mr. Heinekamp has constructed other valuable improvements at the corner of St. Peter and South Paca streets. His father was John Heinekamp, of Detmold, a distinguished professor of music and general literature. He died recently at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. Mr. William Heinekamp’s wife was Miss Mary Marischen, daughter of John Marischen, of Oldenburg, Prussia, by whom he has six children (Lizzie, William, Mollie, Annie, Charlie, and Katie). Like their father, the children possess great mu- sical talent, and the eldest son, William Heinekamp, Jr., who is now in the twentieth year of his age, particularly excels as a pianist, and at the same time possesses rare busi- ness qualifications. He received a collegiate education at Rockhill College, Howard County, and also went through a complete mercantile course at the Bryant, Stratton, and Sadler College. He is in his father’s establishment. Mr. Heinekamp has always led a quiet, unpretending life, carefully avoiding all political office or excitement, de- voting himself to his business interests and his family. He is » member of the Germania Mznnerchor and the Scheutzen Society, as also of various Catholic societies, he being attached to the ancient faith of the Roman Chruch. He is an enterprising, useful, highly respected citizen. EORGE, Hon. Martrurias, of Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, was born in that county in 1801. His father, Joseph George, a well-known farmer, and a member of the Society of Friends, died in 1820, in the vicinity of Centreville. His mother was a native of the above county. Her maiden name was Henrietta Hart. Her death occurred in 1829. An ex- emplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, she left behind her the record of a devoted Christian life. The early ancestors of the family, it is supposed, came from Wales and settled in the county of Kent. Bishop George, one of the early bishops of the above-mentioned Church, was of the same family. Young Matthias George was from his fifth year under the care of a governess in his father’s house. When in his tenth year his father, jointly with the late Major Massey, of Queenstown, whose BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. estate was contiguous to his own, built a school-house and employed a competent teacher for their children. This school Matthias attended until his twentieth year, when his father died, and he carried on the farm for his mother. In 1825 he commenced farming for himself, and from that time has made it the business of his life. From his early manhood he voted with the Whig party until it ceased to exist. In 1839 he was, on that ticket, nominated and elected to the General Assembly, and was kept a member of the Lower House until 1845, when he was elected State Senator from Queen Anne’s County, serving until 1851. In 1862 he was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners, and served for two terms in that office. On the breaking out of the civil war Mr. George took strong ground and a very active part in the support of Mr. Lincoln, and the triumph of the Union cause. For a long time he has been an active Republican, and an influential member of that party in his county. He is not a member of any church, but is strongly inclined to the faith of his fathers, and may in reality be classed with the Society of Friends. He has been three times married; first in 1824, to Martha Elliott. Her son, Joseph E. George, of Sudlersville, is now his only surviving child. He was next married in 1840 to Clarissa, daughter of John Boone, of Caroline County. His present wife was Mrs. Lucretia D. (Haddaway) Hopper, widow of Thomas W. Hopper, of Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, WiWeARRISON, Rev. Joun Tuomas, Evangelist, was DG born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 25, 1854. At the age of sixteen years he entered as - a student Wilbraham Academy, Massachusetts, of which the Reverend Edward Cook was the Presi- dent. After leaving that institution he went to Brooklyn, New York, where he attended, for about « year, the lec- tures of prominent theologians. In 1871 he returned to his native city. About this period occurred a remarka- ble religious revival, in which Mr. Harrison became im- mediately enlisted, and to the promotion of which he devoted his talents and energies. He speedily acquired a reputation as a great revivalist. Throughout Massachu- setts, and everywhere he went and preached, he met with great success. In May of 1876, Mr. Harrison attended the sessions of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, held at the Academy of Music, Balti- more. Whilst serving as a delegate to that body he was invited to occupy the pulpits of several Methodist churches, and his sermons attracted attention on account of their vigor, originality, and efficacy. He returned home, and after a brief period returned to Baltimore, with the view of only temporarily sojourning in that city. Whilst there he received an invitation from the Rev. Samuel Shannon, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of the Franklin Street Methodist Episcopal Church, to con- duct revival services then (October, 1877,) in progress. He their labored with great assiduity and success, awaken- ing deep religious interest. At the expiration of six weeks he went to Caroline Street Church, East Baltimore, where his labors were also crowned with signal success. His subsequent engagements were with St. John’s Independent Methodist Church, North Liberty Street, Union Square Methodist Church, the Foundry Methodist Church, Wash- ington, District of Columbia, and the Madison Square Methodist Church, Baltimore. In all these fields of labor he has been remarkably successful. The father of Mr. Harrison was Richard Harrison, a native of Nova Scotia. He removed to Massachusetts in 1849, and is now living in Boston. His grandfather was the Reverend Frederick Harrison, who was a native of England, and came to this continent in the latter part of the eighteenth century, settling in the British Provinces. He was a great Metho- dist revivalist, and was eminently successful in his re- ligious work. Mr. Harrison’s mother, to whose teachings and example he attributes his conversion and successful ministry, was Mary Augusta Ritchie, daughter of John Ritchie, of St. John’s, New Brunswick. Mr. Ritchie’s brother was Reverend Doctor Matthew Ritchie, a promi- nent clergyman of the Wesleyan Church in New Bruns- wick. Mr. Harrison’s early conversion to religion, which occurred in his sixteenth year, when he dedicated himself to the service of Christ, and the great work he has accom- plished: in the cause of religion, illustrate the benign effects of the precepts and example of a pious mother. In ap- pearance Mr. Harrison is extremely youthful. In his nature and manners, especially whilst conducting religious services, he is enthusiastic, impassioned, and earnest, of a quick, wiry, nervous temperament, and full of fire and energy. Thousands of persons have been converted through his efforts, and few, young as he, have accom- plished more as a revivalist or exercised greater influence over the minds and hearts of auditors. ANE, CoLoneL GeorcE Procror, Ex-Mayor of Bal- Re timore, was born in that city in 1820. He received * a liberal education, and at an early age entered z into the grain and grocery business on Light Street 4 Wharf, removing thence to Bowly’s Wharf where he was in business in 1847, when the famine in Ireland enlisted all the sympathies of his heart for the relief of that distressed people, in whose behalf he was warmly seconded by the people of Baltimore. As the President of the Hibernian Society, he interested himself continuously for years in the welfare of Irish-American citizens and the education of their children. In 1855, with Wilmer John- son, William R. Travers, of New York, J. Hall Pleasants, 5r x 397 and William Sperry, Colonel Kane purchased the old Ex- change, on Second Street, for ninety thousand dollars, and subsequently sold the property in two separate parts to the United States Government, for a custom-house and post- office. Colonel Kane was the active man of the Exchange Company, and he contracted with the Government to re- model the buildings so as to suit the purposes of the public offices mentioned. The remodelling involved the tearing down of that portion used as a hotel, and the Colonel, with the old materials, built in part the Corn Exchange Build- ing, the Howard Fire Insurance Company’s building, and the building No. 55 Second Street, occupied by the Mer- chants’ Exchange. In early manhood he took an active part in military matters, and in the old Volunteer Fire De- partment. He was an ensign in the Independent Grays, and afterwards commanded the Eagle Artillery. In 1858 he commanded the Montgomery Guards, 4 company com- posed exclusively of Irishmen. He was, during his mili- tary career, Colonel of the First Maryland Regiment of Artillery. He was the President of the Independent Fire Company, and up to the time of his death, a member of an association composed of those who belonged to the old fire organizations, and who cherish the memories that cling to those associations for the protection of life and property in the past. In this connection it may be stated that Colonel Kane is credited with having suggested the idea of a Paid Steam Fire Department. In politics the Colonel was an ac- tive adherent of the old Whig party, and a prominent sup- porter of Henry Clay. On the occasion of the grand civic procession of the Whig Young Men’s National Conven- tion of Ratification at Baltimore, to ratify the nomination of Mr. Clay for the Presidency of the United States, which was made in that city, May 1, 1844, Mr. Kane, then but twenty-four years of age, acted as Grand Marshal. In 1848 he was nominated by the Whig party as its candidate for Sheriff of Baltimore city, but was defeated by his Democratic opponent, Charles Ferree Cloud. In 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor Collector of the Port of Baltimore, which position he filled with great credit to himself, until the close of the Fillmore administration. He took no active part in politics after 1854, until the Reform movement in Baltimore, which was organized in 1859 to put down the lawlessness and excesses of the then domi- nant party. In the restoration of order he took an active part. The new Police Board named by the Legislature of 1860, appointed Colonel Kane as Marshal of Police, which position he filled to the entire satisfaction of the community, displaying unusual activity, energy, and bravery. As the executive head of the police force he in. stilled into each individual member something of his own spirit, and under his rule the rough element was brought into complete subjection. Colonel Kane bore a conspicu- ous and brave part in the maintenance of order on the oc- casion of the passage of the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment through Baltimore, April 19, 1861. His prompt appear- 398 ance with a squad of men prevented the bloodshed that might have occurred in the unfortunate affair. Throughout the troubles of the spring and summer of 1861 he adhered steadily to the purpose of preserving the public peace and the discharge of his duties, until June 27, when he was ar- rested by a detachment of soldiers and conveyed to Fort McHenry. After an imprisoriment of overa year there, he was sent to Fort Warren, where he was confined for four- teen months. In the latter part of 1862 he was liberated, with the understanding that he would go South. He im- mediately proceeded to Richmond, Virginia. In 1865 the Colonel engaged in the business of manufacturing tobacco at Danville, Virginia. In 1867 he returned to Baltimore and subsequently became the agent of the Imperial Fire Insurance Company of London. In 1873 he was elected Sheriff of Baltimore by the Democratic party, having pre- viously served on the Jones’s Falls Commission, with Gen- eral Trimble and Henry Tyson. He was elected to the office of Mayor, October 24, 1877, and entered upon his duties November 5, so that he was but little over seven months in the Mayoralty chair. His death occurred June 23, 1878, and was generally regretted by all classes, as no man was better or more favorably known in the community than Colonel George P. Kane. He was a man marked and distinctive in his character, fearless in expression, and prompt in action. He was strong in his convictions, up- right and honorable in all his dealings, faithful to duty, and led an unblemished private life. He was kindly in his nature, and remarkable for his generosity and openhanded- ness to the poor and unfortunate. Colonel Kane married Miss Annie Griffith, daughter of Captain John Griffith, of Dorchester County, who survives him. He left no chil- dren. 1839. At the age of eleven years he was placed @ at Charlotte Hall Academy, where he remained four years, and then entered the University of Virginia, continuing as a student therein for two years, when, on account of failing health, he returned home. After recu- perating he entered St. John’s College, Annapolis, whence he graduated with honor in-1858. He returned to the University of Virginia, where he remained for two years in the Law Department of that institution. Having com- pleted his university course he went to Baltimore, and en- tered as a law student the office of William A. Stewart, a prominent member of the Baltimore bar. He was admit- ted to the practice of law in 1860. After remaining in Baltimore for three years he returned to Charles County, and opened a law office in Port Tobacco in 1864, since which time he has been continuously engaged in the prac- i HAPMAN, GENERAL ANDREW GRANT, was born at (y La Plata, Charles County, Maryland, January 17, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tice of law in connection with the management of his estate, called “Normandy,” lying two miles east of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. In 1867 he was nomi- nated by the Democratic party a candidate for the House of Delegates from his native county, and was elected by a handsome majority. He served in the sessions of 1868, 1870, and 1872, consecutively. He was a prominent can- didate before the Democratic Congressional Nominating Convention in 1874, and also that of 1878, Hon Eli J. Henkle being the nominee. In 1874 General Chapman was appointed Aid and Inspector-General, with the rank of Brigadier, on the staff of Governor Groome, and was reappointed to the same position by Governor John Lee Carroll. The General’s father was Hon. John G. Chap- man, member of Congress for two terms, from the Fifth Congressional District of Maryland. He married Miss Susan P. A., daughter of George Chapman, of Thorough- fare, Prince William’s County, Virginia, and died, Decem- ber, 1856, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. He was a highly honored citizen, and his death caused general re- gret. His wife survived him until January 17, 1872, when she died at “Glen Albin,” Charles County, Maryland. General Chapman married, November 29, 1871, his cousin, Miss Helen Mary, daughter of Pierson Chapman, of Chap- man’s Landing, Charles County, Maryland. He has three daughters living. WiKOLLARD, Rev. Joun, D.D., Pastor of the Lee © us, Street Baptist Church, Baltimore, was born No- 6 vember 17, 1839, near Stevensville, King and + Queen County, Virginia. He was the seventh of + ten children of John and Juliet (Jeffries) Pollard, of English descent. His father was a man of singular vi- vacity and persevering industry. He was to a large extent a self-cultured attorney, actively engaged in public busi- ness for more than fifty years in the county of which he was a prominent resident. He studied under his uncle, Robert Pollard, who was County Clerk for many years, and distantly related to Edward A. Pollard, author of Zhe Lost Cause. John Pollard, Sr., died September, 1877, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He had a vigorous intel- lect, and maintained decided views of men and things. He filled prominent offices in his county at different times, and was for nearly forty years a deacon in the Mattaponi Baptist Church, in Virginia, and superintendent of the Sunday-school for about the same length of time. The mother of Dr. Pollard was a daughter of Thomas Jeffries, a highly respected farmer, who had acquired a compe- tency, and had filled the offices of sheriff and magistrate. She was a sister of Judge James Jeffries, now of the Cir- cuit Court of the Sixth Judicial District of Virginia. His paternal grandmother was Catharine Robinson, of the family of John Robinson, who was Speaker of the House BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of Burgesses of Virginia, and presided on the occasion of Patrick Henry’s famous speech against the crown of Eng- land. Mrs. Juliet Pollard was a lady of rare excellence, being universally esteemed for her worth and piety. To her influence and training is due as much as to any other cause whatever of success in life her sons have achieved. On both sides Dr. Pollard is descended from Revolutionary patriots. He received his early religious and secular edu- cation from his father—the former in the Sunday-school of which his father was superintendent, and the latter in his father’s law office. His’ academic education began when he was nine years of age. In his eighteenth year he entered the Columbian College (now University), and after a course of three years’ study, graduated with the first honors of his class. For one session after his graduation he was tutor of Latin and Greek in the same institution. He had been converted at the age of thirteen, and while in college was impressed with his call to the ministry. Pre- paratory thereto he studied theology under the President, Rev. G. W. Samson, D.D., and in 1861, in his twenty- second year, settled as Pastor of two Baptist churches in Middlesex County, Virginia, where he remained nine years. In this field he ministered to large and influential congre- gations, embracing some of the most prominent men in that part of the State. Among the number were Lieutenant- Governor R. L. Montague, and Judge Joseph Christian, of the Supreme Court of the State. He was very strongly at- tached to that pastorate, and it was not until a second and urgent call had been given him by the Lee Street Baptist Church in Baltimore that he consented to dissolve his con- nection with a people, endeared to him as his first ministerial charge, so long and so prosperously continued. He ac- cepted the call to his present charge, and commenced his labors in 1870. The church at that time numbered about one hundred and fifty members, and was at a most critical period in its history. Financially, it was in a state of dependence upon the Missionary Board of the Mary- land Baptist Union Association; it has now nearly four hundred members, and is a contributor to the funds of the Board. -As the fruit of a revival in 1876, one hundred new members were added to the church. Through that season of extra services, Dr. Pollard was assisted by the evangelist, Rev. H. G. Dewitt, who afterward said of the pastor: ‘In all my labors I have never met a man more congenial and lovable, and one with whom I had such a pleasant and profitable season of labor.” By those who know him best, Dr. Pollard is esteemed as a man in the truest sense; firm in purpose, honest in expression, and deeply sympathetic. As a pastor he is faithful to all the requirements of the office; as an expounder of Biblical truth he is clear and earnest, enforcing it by practical rea- soning. He is universally beloved by his flock. It is the privilege of but few ministers, comparatively, to possess an equally general and strong attachment on the part of those who sit under their ministry. Dr. Pollard was President 399 of the Maryland Baptist Union Association for three years ; and as a presiding officer he has shown an ability and skill unsurpassed by any of his predecessors. In this capacity he is peculiarly gifted. He has also served as one of the Managers of the Maryland Tract Society. He has been connected with the Masonic Order and temperance organi- zations for many years. His religious views have always been strongly those of the denomination with which he affiliates. He believes in the entire separation of Church and State; a converted membership, and consecration of the whole life to the service of God, as an evidence of a saving faith. But he is not a bigot, and is always ready to co-operate with other organizations for the general good, enjoying the respect of ministers of all denominations. He is no politician. He was maried to Miss Virginia, Bagby, of King and Queen County, Virginia, July 9, 1861, daughter of Mr. John Bagby, a well-known and successful merchant. She was sister to Rev. R. H. Bagby, D.D., who died in 1870. Rev. A. Bagby, a pastor in Virginia, and Rev. G. F. Bagby, a professor in Bethel College, Ken- tucky, are her brothers. James Pollard, a brother of the subject of this sketch, is a lawyer at the Baltimore bar. He married Miss Susie Tyler, a daughter of Dr. G. K. Tyler, a retired merchant of Baltimore. Dr, Pollard is of a lively and happy disposition ; firm in what he believes to be right ; full of earnestness and activity of body and mind. the Baltimore City College, was born in that city a his ancestors having emigrated from England to became a resident of this State with her widowed mother, in the history of Methodism -welcomed Mr. Wesley and in his native city, developing at these the character, and ee os WILLIAM, JR., A.M., Ph.D., Principal of CAGE 7** December 30, 1821. His father, William Elliott, was a native of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Maryland about the year 1687. His mother, Elizabeth (Sommerville) Elliott, was of Scotch-Irish descent and Jane (Keys) Sommerville, in the year 1805. Her family, though attached to the Protestant Episcopal Church, early his fellow-laborers to their home. Young Elliott enjoyed the advantages of the best private institutions of learning laying the foundation of that love of study which he has since exhibited. The rigid discipline which he under- - went in the system of training pursued in these schools had great influence in turning him toward a professional career. In his early manhood he made choice of the business of teaching as his lifework, and believing that in the pursuit of his calling, the public schools of ,his native city offered a wider field of usefulness than the private in- stitutions in which he had spent the first years of this service, he applied for and obtained, in April, 1850, a posi- tion in the Eastern Female High School of Baltimore, 400 September 17, 1851, he was transferred to the Central High School, now Baltimore City College. Since that time his life has been thoroughly identified with the progress of the Public School System, and he has been untiring in his efforts to advance its efficiency. The Board of School Commissioners, at various times, has shown its apprecia- tion of his zeal and energy as a teacher, by repeated pro- motions in the institution in which he has spent the larger part of his life. In August, 1873, on the death of Thomas D. Baird, LL.D., Principal of the Baltimore City Col- lege, he was chosen to be his successor. This position he now occupies, laboring with that degree of zeal and success which has always characterized him, and which has contrib- uted greatly to give character to the institution. As an evi- dence of the estimation in which he is held by his fellow- teachers he has been twice elected President of the Maryland State Teachers’ Association, he has also been elected Presi- dent of the City Teachers’ Association, and was chairman of the committee of public school teachers through whose efforts a monument was erected over the remains of Edgar Allan Poe. As a tribute to his scholarship and ability as an educator, he was the recipient of the honorary degree of A.M. from Dickinson College in 1857, and of the de- gree of Doctor of Philosophy from the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1877. Besides having been con- nected with the I. O. O. F. for a quarter of a century, he is an active member of the Maryland Historical Society, a Manager of the Maryland Bible Society, and of the Henry Watson Children’s Aid Society respectively. He is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has creditably filled the several positions in that de- nomination which are open to laymen. Mr. Elliott was married, December 28, 1848, to Rosanna Bunting, daughter of John and Mary (Sommerville) Bunting. Of the nine children of this marriage only three are now living: Mary A. S., Thomas Ireland, and Rosa Elliott. The son is a graduate of Princeton College, of the class of 1876, and of the Law Department of the University of Maryland, in the class of 1878. Oe owe ve JosrpH HENRY, Editor of the Democrat i and News, and Attorney-at-law, Cambridge, Mary- se land, was born in Lakesville, Dorchester County, “? same State, October 28, 1840. His father, Edward Creighton Johnson, was left an orphan at the early age of nine years, without means or influential friends, but the energetic boy immediately shipped on board a large sea schooner, and was rapidly promoted, until he had the proud honor of being appointed captain and commander before attaining his majority. A few years afterward he married Amelia Ross Wallace, a refined and cultivated lady of Scotch descent. Ten children were ‘the fruits of that BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. union, of whom the subject of this sketch was the second, who, after attending the public county schools, taught school for three years—being then the youngest teacher in the county. He then.went to Dickinson College to com- plete his education, Although he had received no instruc- tion in the higher branches of mathematics, and only a few months’ tuition from Rev. T. P. Barber, D.D., in the Latin and Greek, yet he had, whilst teaching school, pur- sued these studies with such success that he entered the Sophomore class of the college in 1860. He devoted his time so unceasingly to study, that during his Junior year his health completely broke down and brought on dyspep- ‘sia in its most malignant form, from which he has never been entirely cured. His physician ordered him to aban- don his studies and seek some more active occupation. Ac- cordingly, he commenced the mercantile business in Cam- bridge, his father furnishing the means and becoming a silent partner. He transacted a very large business, but disliking it he purchased the Democrat and News, in 1867, and soon made it one of the leading papers on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. It has always been the highest aim of Mr. Johnson, as an editor, to promote the interests of edu- cation among the masses, by furnishing a better class of schools and a higher grade of teachers; the development of ‘home enterprises and industries ; and a purer, higher grade of morals among the people. The latter he believes can be best accomplished by inciting a greater love for temper- ance, schools, and churches. In 1874 he was admitted to practice law in all the Maryland courts, and has been en- gaged in many important cases, although ill-health on sev- eral occasions has seriously interfered with his practice. He is a man of great energy, and whatever he-undertakes he always succeeds in accomplishing. He works sys- tematically, and thus transacts a wonderful amount of busi- ness. He takes deep interest in all enterprises that give employment to laboring men. A few years ago he pur- chased two acres of land in Cambridge, laid it off in squares, and built neat cottages suitable for mechanics and laboring men, and in twelve months from the date of the purchase one hundred and fifty inhabitants were occupying these dwellings. In 1877 he built a marine railway and shipyard in Cambridge that gives employment to a large number of carpenters, calkers, sailmakers, etc. He an- nually pays out to laborers more money than any other citizen in the county, and has done more for the laboring classes. In the fall of 1877 he was nominated by the Democratic party for the Maryland Legislature, and re- - ceived the largest number of votes in his district of any candidate on his ticket. In the Legislature he advocated all measures which he believed to be for the good of the State, with a freedom and independence that surprised his party friends, and opposed with equal force other measures which he believed injurious, although supported by the majority of his party. The Maryland Republican in speaking of Mr. Johnson said: “He was elected last BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. fall to the House of Delegates by the Democratic party, this being the first time that he was ever a candidate for any office. He is a fluent and able speaker, and has been one of the most independent members of the House. Clear, forcible, and judicious, he has looked closely after the interests of his constituents.’”” Mr. Johnson has been an active member of the Masonic Order since 1866, and it has been mainly through his efforts the beautiful Masonic Temple in Cambridge has been built. He has travelled through most of the States in the Union, but especially in the North and West. Before reaching manhood he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. On the division of the churches several years ago, that of which he was a mem- ber affiliated with the Southern Branch. SRR RCHER, Joun, eldest son of Dr. Robert H. Archer, l i: was born in Cecil County, Maryland, in 1806. i> education at Nottingham Academy, in that county. j In 1822 he entered, as cadet, the Military Academy commissioned Second Lieutenant, and ordered to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. After several years’ service on the Thomas L. Savin, a lumber merchant of Port Deposit, Cecil County. He soon afterwards resigned his commission, spring of 1846, having lost all his property, he made a tour on horseback through Texas, then recently admitted into with his family to the western portion of that State. Here he was engaged in farming and stock-raising until the Alabama, and tendered his services to the Confederate Government. He at once received a Captain’s commis- mond, was assigned to the staff of General John H. Winder, then Commandant and Provost-Marshal of that ney Johnston, whose classmate he had been at West Point, a position on his staff, which he accepted; but when about was attacked by sickness, from the effects of which, as he had never enjoyed robust health, he suffered during the staff until 1863, when he was placed in command of Camp Jackson, near Richmond. Soon after he was appointed a Richmond, which position he held until the spring of 1864, when he was sent by the Confederate Government with He received his rudimentary and academical at West Point, and on graduating, four years later, was frontier he was married, in 1833, to Ann, daughter of and formed a partnership with his father-in-law. In the the Union, and in the autumn of the same year removed secession of the State, when he repaired to Montgomery, sion, and upon the transfer of the government to Rich- city. Soon afterwards he was offered by General A. Sid- to set out for the General’s headquarters in Kentucky, he remainder of the war. He remained on General Winder’s member of the general court-martial sitting in the city of secret dispatches to the commander of the Trans-Missis- 401 sippi Department. In crossing alone the Mississippi, then closely guarded by the enemy, he made a very narrow escape, being severely wounded. After the war he re- turned to Texas, and resumed the occupation of stock- raising with considerable success. When in his seventieth year he studied law, a profession to which his taste had always inclined him. In the following year he was ad- mitted to the bar, and soon afterwards was elected to the office of county Judge, and in 1878 was re-elected. In politics he was an old-line Whig until 1844, when the op- position of that party to the annexation of Texas induced him to join their opponents, since which time he has been an unswerving Democrat. He has three sons and three daughters, all of them married but two. All of his sons served with distinction in the Confederate Army; they are now practicing lawyers in Texas, and stand high in their profession. Captain Archer is nearly six feet in height, of slender form and delicate constitution, possessing, how- ever, an unusually vigorous mind, and a fearless and inde- pendent spirit. He resides in the town of Helena, Karnes County. For some years he has been a member of the Southern Methodist Church. Stafford, in Harford County. His collegiate S12. course commenced at Yale and was completed at i P Union College, Schenectady, under the presi- dency of the celebrated Dr. Nott. He read law with Honorable Albert Coristable, his brother-in-law ; was ad- mitted to the bar in Baltimore city in 1835, and commenced practicing his profession in Harford and Cecil counties. On June 7, 1849, he married Mary E., daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Walker, of Chestertown, Kent County, and soon afterwards removed to Bel Air. He early at- tained a high rank in his profession, and has a large and lucrative practice, which is constantly increasing. As a business lawyer, prompt and reliable, he enjoys an enviable reputation ; while as a pleader he has few equals, and no superior in the various courts where his practice lies, in- cluding the Court of Appeals. Devoted to his profession and applying himself closely to its duties he has had neither time nor inclination for political life. In 1845, SFRRERCHER, HEnrY W., Attorney-at-law, son of Dr. John Archer, M.B., was born April 18, 1813, at however, he represented his native county in the State Legislature, and in 1867 was a member of the State Con- stitutional Convention of that year, in both of which posi- tions he took an active and prominent part. In politics Mr. Archer was an old-line Whig until 1861, when he cast his fortunes with the Democratic party and has ever since remained steadfast to its principles. He has nine children, five sons and four daughters. He is of medium height and well proportioned. Though possessing considerable 402 dignity of character, his address is pleasing and his man- ner courteous. Active in his habits and blessed with a vigorous constitution he seems as yet in the prime of life. He resides on his farm near Bel Air, living in generous style, and dispensing hospitality with a lavish hand. No Doms RoBERT HARRIS, youngest son of Dr. ym John Archer, of Rock Run, was born in 1820, in x Harford County. After a preparatory course in : the county schools he entered St. Mary’s College; 4 which, however, he left before the completion of his studies. Soon after attaining his majority. he removed, with some friends, to Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and engaged in the manufacture of lumber. This proving an unprofitable investment he returned to his native county, where he secured an interest in a large merchant mill at Rock Run, of which for several years he had the super- vision. On the breaking out of the Mexican war he was appointed Second Lieutenant of the company which his brother, the late General James J. Archer, commanded, in the Voltieur regiment. He served with distinguished gal- lantry, until, in the midst of one of the bloody battles be- fore the city of Mexico, he was prostrated by a violent hzemorrhage from the lungs, and had to be carried from the field. This attack incapacitating him for further service he returned home, and it was a year or two before his health was fully re-established. On February 23, 1853, he married Ellen H., only daughter of Rev. Reuben H. Davis, of Harford County. This lady lived but a few years after her marriage. At the beginning of the late war Colonel Archer entered the Confederate Army, and served as a private at the first battle of Manassas. He was soon afterwards commissioned by Governor Letcher, Lieutenant- Colonel of the Fifty-fifth Virginia regiment, commanded by Colonel Mallory. In 1862 he was appointed Adjutant to his brother, General Archer, commanding the Tennes- see Brigade, in which position he distinguished himself in nearly all the great battles fought in Virginia, until he and his brother were captured at Gettysburg, July, 1863. In this battle he was severely wounded, and when convales- cent was sent, with other prisoners, to Johnson’s Island, where he rejoined his brother. He was exchanged in the following autumn; but his health had been so seriously impaired by his confinement that he was unable to take part in any of the subsequent great battles. On the termi- nation of the war he returned home, and resided on his farm, on the Chesapeake Bay, until his death, which took place March 12, 1878. Colonel Archer was, in early life, an old-line Whig; but becoming convinced, several years before the war, that the South could secure her constitu- tional rights only on the basis of State soverignty, he went over to the Democratic party. He was distinguished from BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. early manhood for his high sense of honor, his unques- tionable bravery, and his independence of character. He was somewhat above medium height, and although slender in youth, had become quite stout before he attained his prime. He left but one son, Henry W. Archer, who is a member of the Baltimore bar. SAR RCHER, GEORGE W., M.D., is the youngest son of the late Dr. Robert H. Archer, and was born #3 near Churchville, in Harford County, Maryland. g He received his rudimentary education in the county schools, finishing at Bel Air Academy. He then studied medicine under his father, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. Soon after receiving his degree he set out for Western Texas, with the view of practicing his profession. Finding there, however, a super- abundance of doctors, he joined a company of rangers, whose duty it was to protect the frontier from the Indians. In about eighteen months, his health having failed, he re- turned to his native county, and for several years after- wards was unfitted, by continued sickness, for active pur suits. In 1861 he joined the Confederate Army as sur- geon, and in that capacity served throughout the war, for a brief period in the field, but mainly in various hospitals in Virginia, Georgia, and Alabama. Six months after the con- clusion of the war he returned to Harford County, and has since been an invalid. He has, however, been a frequent contributor to various journals and magazines. In 1872 he published a novel founded on the events of the “ Ga- chupin War” in Texas, which was favorably noticed by the press; and has now ready for publication a novel re- lating to the late war between the States, besides a number of tales in verse. Aa O9, DWRECCLESTON, Jupce Joun Bowers, was born in ow wd 1794, in Kent County, Maryland. He received “4 his principal education at Washington College, i near Chestertown, and adopted the,legal profession. Soon after his admission to the bar of Kent County, he was elected, in 1819, to the Legislature of Maryland, but afterwards took very little interest in politics, devoting himself to his profession, in which he attaind eminence, and was deservedly ranked among the ablest lawyers in Maryland. He was elected, April 23, 1821, one of the vestrymen of Chester Parish, and February 9, 1824, was made one of the Visitors and Governors of Wash- ington College. He was appointed, February 8, 1832, one of the Associate Judges of the Second Judicial Dis- trict of Maryland, consisting of Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne’s, and Talbot counties, and when the judiciary was re- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. organized in 1851, he was elevated to the bench of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, which position he filled until his death. Judge Eccleston was the son of Samuel Eccleston, who married Ann Bowers, daughter of Thomas Bowers, of Kent County, and had three children: John Bowers Eccleston, the subject of this sketch; Ann Eliza- beth Eccleston, who married, in 1815, John Ringgold Wilmer, son of Simon and Ann (Ringgold) Wilmer; and Mary Louisa Eccleston, who married, in 1819, Elias Marsh. Samuel Eccleston married a second time, Martha Ring- gold, and had a fourth child, the Most Rev. Samuel Ec- cleston, D.D., of the Roman Catholic Church, who was consecrated, September 14, 1834, the fifth Archbishop of Baltimore, and died in 1851. Samuel Eccleston died in 1802. Judge John B. Eccleston married twice; first, July 26, 1827, Ann M. P. Clarkson, of Chestertown; secondly, November 2, 1829, Augusta Chambers Houston, daughter of Judge James and Augustine (Chambers) Houston, and had the following children: Augusta Cham- bers Eccleston, who died in 1832; a second Augusta *Chambers Eccleston, who married, December 28, 1853, Samuel M. Shoemaker, of Baltimore; Samuel; James Houston; Miriam; James Kent Harper; and Ann Isabel Eccleston, who died young. Judge Eccleston died at his residence, in Chestertown, November 12, 1860, greatly beloved for his amiable disposition and admired for the singular purity of his character. Ws NABE, WILLIAM, Piano-Forte Manufacturer, was De born at Kreusburg, in the Duchy of Saxe Weimar, fe June 3, 1803. His father, who was an apothe- a cary, intended that his son should be educated for a profession, but owing to the loss of property occa- sioned by the calamities of war during the invasion of Germany by the French in 1812-13, he waS unable to carry out his plans in this direction, and apprenticed young William to a cabinet-maker, where, after learning his trade according to the German custom, and working at the same for two years in different places, he apprenticed himself for three years to Langenhahn, a piano-forte manu- facturer at Gotha, after which he travelled for six years, visiting the principal cities of Germany, being everywhere recognized as an excellent piano maker. In 1833 he con- tracted an engagement of marriage with Miss Christiana Ritz, of Saxe Meiningen, who soon after emigrated to America with her family, accompanied by Mr. Knabe, with the expectation on his part of settling on a farm in the State of Missouri, but learning of the difficulties to be overcome in a journey so far West, he came to Ballti- more, Maryland, with the intention of remaining at least one year, in order to become better acquainted with the language and customs of the country. Here he found em- 403 ployment with Mr. H. Hartge, the original inventor of iron piano frames, at five dollars per week, which was soon in- creased to eight dollars per week, and he then consummated his marriage engagement with Miss Ritz. By industry and economy he in four years accumulated sufficient capital to induce him to give up the idea of going to Missouri, and commenced business for himself in the purchase, sale, and repairing of old-pianos, in a frame building on the corner of Lexington and Liberty streets. In 1839 he formed a copartnership with Mr. H. Gaehle, under the firm name of Knabe & Gaehle, for the purpose of engaging in the busi- ness of manufacturing piano-fortes. This connection proved eminently successful, and resulted in their being compelled to remove, in 1841, to the corner of German and Liberty streets, and again, in 1843, to the corner of. Eutaw Street and Cowpen Alley, and four years later, ow- ing to increased business, to the still more commodious quarters, Nos. 1, 3, 5, and 7 North Eutaw Street. In 1851 they had two large establishments, one on Baltimore Street, near Paca, the other on Cowpen Alley, in the rear of the Eutaw House, both of which were destroyed by fire in November, 1854, causing a heavy loss, that nothing but remarkable industry and perseverance could replace. In 1855 Mr. Gaehle died, but the business was continued by Mr. Knabe, under the name of William Knabe & Co., a name which has since become a household word all over the United States. The old paper-mill, on the corner of West and China streets, was purchased for a factory, and subsequently, in 1860, the present immense structure was commenced, at the corner of Eutaw and West streets, fronting two hundred and ten feet on the former street, and one hundred and sixty-five on the latter, but, owing to the serious interruption of business by the war, was not fully completed with its additions until 1869. It is now one of the most extensive factories of the kind in the country, furnishing employment to a large number of skilled workmen, and capable of turning out forty pianos every week. As early as August, 1855, Mr. Knabe com- menced to compete for the prizes offered by the Maryland Institute for the best piano exhibited at its fair, and against more than twenty competitors, bore off the gold medal, since which, medals, diplomas, and premiums, almost without number, evidence the skill and excellence of work- manship displayed in the pianos manufactured by William Knabe & Co. Mr. Knabe died May 21, 1864, and the business which he founded and left at his death in a highly prosperous condition, was continued, and has ever since been successfully conducted by his sons, William and Ernest Knabe, and his son-in-law, Charles Keidel, under the old firm name of William Knabe & Co., with their extensive office and salesrooms at No. 204 and 206 West Baltimore Street, and No. 112 Fifth Avenue, New York. The qualities which Mr. Knabe possessed in an eminent degree, seldom fail to command success in any enterprise, and are worthy of imitation by all who have 404 the desire to make their mark in the world, and to be of service to mankind. He was beloved by his employés, honored and respected by his business acquaintances for his integrity, energy, and faithfulness to all his engage- ments, and will ever be held in grateful remembrance by the many thousands to whose enjoyment his skill and in- genuity have contributed. Aaa 0-9 OWREICHELBERGER, OTHO WELSH, Wholesale Gro- ay ic cer, Baltimore, Maryland, was born in that city, October 15, 1799. He was the youngest in a (tani of five sons and six daughters, of whom only one, a daughter, now survives. His father, Martin Eichelberger, was born in York, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1759. He ran away from home in 1777 to join the regi- ment of his native town, in which he served during the Revolution. He was present at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, crossed the Delaware to fight the battle of Trenton, and spent the memorable winter of 1778 at Valley Forge. He acted as Captain for several years though gazetted as First Lieutenant, as an officer of which rank he drew a pension until his death in 1840. He mar- ried, in 1781, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Jacob Walsh, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, in which city at the close of the war he also became a merchant. As soon as Baltimore was made a port of entry by the Federal Gov- ernment, he was appointed Weighmaster of the port by General Washington, a position he occupied under each successive administration until his resignation in 1837, a most remarkable case of continuation in office. He died October 3, 1840. His widow survived him till February 7, 1855. Only two of their children entered the matri- monial state. The eldest, Eliza, married Nicholas G. Ridgely, of the firm of Macdonald & Ridgely, and died February 10, 1803, leaving one daughter, who married John Ridgely, of Hampton. Her children and grandchildren are the present Ridgelys of Hampton. The second daughter, Maria, married John Clemm, who while acting as Sergeant of Artillery in Fort McHenry, was killed by the bursting of a shell, September 14, 1814. His name is inscribed on Battle Monument. They had two daughters, of whom the elder died young, and her sister married Commodore Daniel B. Ridgely, of the United States Navy. She died in 1850, leaving one son, Dr. Nicholas G. Ridgely. The three eldest sons of Martin Eichelberger were all in Fort McHenry during the bombardment in 1814. Mrs. Eichelberger lived till her ninety-third year. Five generations were often represented at hertable. Her eldest brother, Jacob Walsh—who believed that this was the proper mode of spelling the name—married the daughter of Major Yates, of the firm of Yates & Harrison. Their son, T. Yates Walsh, was a prominent lawyer and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. politician of Baltimore, and member of Congress from that city. Their daughter Elizabeth married Archibald Stirling, President of the Savings Bank of Baltimore, whose son, Archibald Stirling, Jr., is the present United States District Attorney. Otho W. Eichelberger, the sub- ject of this sketch, was sent to Yale College, but recalled in 1819, to enter the service of Macdonald & Ridgely, wholesale grocers, located at Nos. 1 and 3 South Howard Street, at which place of business he continued through life in the several capacities of clerk, bookkeeper, partner, and proprietor. The warehouse now in occupancy was built by the above firm in the year 1800. Mr. Eichelberger was largely successful in business. He died January 30, 1879. (AULT, MATTHEW, late of the firm of Matthew Gault SY. & Son, Granite, Bluestone, and Slate Roofing dealers, was born at Bow, New Hampshire, Au- a gust 24, 1819. The Gault family is of Norman origin, their ancient name being Fitz-Gaultier. With many other Normans they were taken to Scotland by Malcolm III, in the last half of the eleventh century, for the purpose of instructing the natives in the Norman system of military tactics, and infusing them with the spirit of Norman chivalry, The great-great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Samuel Gault, was born in a town on the Frith-of-Forth, North of Scotland, in 1680. He re- moved to Wales, where he married Elsie Carlton, a Welsh lady. They returned to Scotland, where several children were born untothem. Subsequently they removed to Lon- donderry, Ireland, and in 1721.came to America, settling in Chester, now Hooksett, New Hampshire, on what was known as the “ Londonderry Grant,” the original settlers of which were Scotch-Irish. He built a house for himself (which was known as the Garrison House during the French and Indian war), on the farm now owned and occu- pied by the widow and son of his grandson. His children were Andrew, Samuel, Jane, and Patrick, the first three being natives of Scotland, and the last-mentioned of Ire- land. Andrew, great-grandfather of Matthew Gault, located in Pembroke, New Hampshire, and built a house which is still in the family. Andrew married Mollie Ayer, of Londonderry, New Hampshire, by whom he had a son, Matthew, born in Pembroke, 1747, who was the grand- father of the late Matthew Gault (married Elizabeth Bun- tin). He was Aid-de-camp to Caleb Stark (son of Gene- ral John Stark), in the Revolutionary war, and was in the battles of Bennington, Monmouth, Saratoga, Stillwater, and at Valley Forge. Captain Andrew Buntin, great-grand- father on the grandmother’s side, was also in the Revolu- tionary war, and was killed at White Plains by one of his guard, while trying the latter, who was suspected of being BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. untrue. His son Andrew, father of Matthew, was born in the above place in 1781. He married Sallie Knox, by whom he had seven children, five sons and two daughters, Matthew, who died in infancy, Cyrus, Daniel, Andrew, Matthew (the subject of this sketch), Annie, and Eliza. Matthew’s education was received in the plain country schools in the neighborhood of the place of his nativity, and the fondness with which he, even in the later years of his life, dwelt upon the incidents of his schoolboy days, illustrated what an indelible impression they had made upon his mind and memory. Having inherited the robust constitution and fondness for athletic sports of his Scotch ancestors he was particularly agile, and exceeded in the active physical exercises of the boys of his time. As he had the advantage of the teachings and pious example of a Christian mother, his moral cul- ture must have been of ahigh order. At the age of seven- teen years he went to Baltimore, where his brother Cyrus was engaged in the granite business with John B. Emery, under the firm name of Emery & Gault. With them Mat- thew learned his trade, a portion of his apprenticeship being spent in Washington, District of Columbia, where the firm had a contract on the General Post-office building, and where young Gault cut and elaborately designed a cap for one of the Corinthian pillars of that structure, which attested his artistic skill. Shortly after attaining his ma- jority he formed a partnership with Matthew G. Emery, under the firm name of Gault & Emery, whose establish- ment was located near the old Baltimore Railroad depot at Washington, D.C. Owing to failing health he was compelled to return to Baltimore in 1847, where he re- entered into business with his brother, under the firm name of Gault & Brother, January 1, 1848, he taking the place of John B. Emery. The firm of Gault & Brother supplied the granite for the vault in the Treasury Building at Wash- ington, and cut the “‘ Memorial Stone”’ furnished by Mary- land for the National Washington Monument. They were also co-contractors for the United States Patent Office at Washington. They dissolved partnership in 1865, and Matthew Gault continued the business on his own account. In January, 1869, he associated with him his son William A. Gault, under the style of M. Gault & Son, the business now being conducted with the same firm name at the corner of West Pratt, and Penn streets, Baltimore. The house owns a granite quarry at Guilford, Howard County, Mary- land. To the granite and bluestone business was added, in 1860, the slate-roofing feature. This establishment has slate- roofed hundreds of public and private buildings in Balti- more and throughout Maryland and in other States, and has been signally successful in Mansard roofing. In 1845 Matthew Gault married Miss Laura Cordelia, daughter of the late William G. Deale, of Washington city, who, with seven children, survived him, the latter being Wil- liam A., Arraanna D. (Polk), S. Louisa (Applegarth), Matthew, Charles K., Herbert K., and Edward A. Gault. 52 405 He died suddenly at Wesley Grove Camp Meeting, Au- gust 4, 1877, and his death was lamented by all who knew him. The following tribute to his worth, as a citizen and a Christian, appeared in an editorial in the Baltimore Journal of Commerce on the occasion of his death: “ He was no ordinary man, but was distinguished for many en- nobling traits of character. He was gentle and forbear- ing, though firm in his convictions of duty; very chari- table and sympathetic of heart, though perfectly void of ostentation; a man of sound judgment and capable of ad- vising, but modest and unobtrusive in his habits. As a business man he was enterprising and energetic, tempered with caution and a scrupulous care in all the details, com- bined with the nicest sense of honor, and the strictest probity and promptness in all his engagements. In fact, in all the relations of life, at home or abroad, the true Christian and gentleman marked his unvarying deport- ment. The life of Matthew Gault furnishes an example to all who knew him every way worthy of emulation.” Throughout life he maintained a consistent Christian char- acter, endearing himself to all his associates by its beauty and purity. He had a keenly sensitive mental organiza- tion, with a fine development of the perceptive faculty, and was very observant of the actions, whilst he appeared to penetrate the motives, of those around him. He was very decided in his convictions on all subjects, but tolerant in regard to opinions of others. He was remarkably regular and methodical in his habits; was an early riser, tem- perate and abstemious, avoiding all stimulating drinks, and never using tobacco. He possessed a very sociable dis- position, and was a man of infinite humor, when the occa- sion or surroundings justified its exercise, never in his most lively sallies of wit causing the slightest offence to any one. One of his crowning virtues was his thorough devo- tion to his family. He was a kind and faithful husband, a considerate and indulgent father. He appreciated the value of a good education, and afforded his children every facility for the acquisition of knowledge, both secular and religious. In regard to the latter we would remark, as illustrative of his Christian character, as well as his moral training of his family, that when his children were ready to retire for the night, he would narrate to them in an in- structive manner Bible incidents, and impart to them the sublime lessons to be deduced therefrom. Mr. Gault, in his earliest manhood, joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, under the celebrated Rev. John Newland Maffit. For several years he was a Trustee of the Fayette Street, Franklin Street, and Union Square Methodist Episcopal churches. During the troublous times incident to the American civil war he united with the Chatsworth Inde- pendent Methodist Church. In 1874 he became con- nected with Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church South, of which he was Treasurer until his death. He was Vice- President of the Wesley Grove Camp Meeting Association from its organization to his demise. 406 ViV0UCK, Jacop W., M.D., was born July 2, 1822, De \? in Frederick County, Maryland. His father, ‘gays Jacob Houck, was for many years a merchant in si Frederick City and also in Baltimore. His ances- tors were among the earliest settlers of Frederick County, and were principally engaged in agricultural pur- suits. Dr. Houck received the rudiments of his educa- tion in Baltimore, and attended the University of Mary- land School of Letters. In .1840 he began the study. of medicine in the office of Professors William N. and Samuel Baker, with whom he continued until their death; and afterward continued his studies in the office of Professor Nathan Potter. He graduated in medicine in 1843 from the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A few months later, he entered the Baltimore Infirmary, where he remained one year, being the principal assistant of Professor Nathan R. Smith in all his important operations in surgery. The following year was spent in the Balti- more City and County Almshouse, where he was asso- ciated with Drs. Christopher Johnston, Frank Donaldson, William T. Howard, and others. In 1846 he was elected one of the physicians to the Baltimore General Dispen- sary, which position he retained for six years. He was then appointed Physician to the Marine Hospital, which position he held for two years. For the next six years he served as Commissioner of Health for the city of Balti- In 1868 he was appointed Physician to the Balti- more City Jail, which position he now holds. Dr. Houck is a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland and the Baltimore Academy of Medicine. He has been successfully engaged in the practice of his pro- fession for the past twenty-five years. In 1852 he mar- ried Miss Susan F., daughter of the late James Porter, of Baltimore County, and has six children living. more. 0! Fy OLB, Joun A., Register of Baltimore city, was born AX February 8, 1829, and was one of a family of “= seven children, whose parents were John A. and ia Cornelia (Cheney) Robb. His father was of Scotch descent, and was born in New York, in 1789. He took an active part in the war of 1812, and was stationed on Long Island. He came to Baltimore to build the frigate ‘‘ Baltimore,” for the Brazilian Government, and remaining, became one of the most prominent shipbuilders of the city. He was Captain of the First Ward Guards at the time of the Maryland Bank Riots in 1838. His wife belonged to one of the Knickerbocker families of New York. Mr. John A. Robb enjoyed in early life the best advantages of education. He attended the well-known school of the English disciplinarian and mathematician, Richard Walker, on Fell’s Point. To his training and thoroughness of instruction many of the leading merchants and public men of Baltimore owe in great measure their success in life. Mr. Robb remained with him ten years, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and in 1845 entered the counting-room of Samuel Phillips & Co., grain commission merchants, on Bowley’s Wharf, as bookkeeper. After three years he became bookkeeper for the Fell’s Point Savings Institution, known afterward as the Second National Bank, of which John W. Randolph was Treasurer. Here he remained two years and was ap- pointed Collection Clerk in what is now the National Farmers’ and Planters’ Bank. In 4850 he became Corres- pondent Clerk in the Union Bank till 1856, when with Wil- ham J. Barney & Co., Banking and Land Company, he emigrated West. They went to Dubuque, Iowa, and after six months opened a branch establishment at Fort Dodge, and one at Decorah, Iowa. Mr. Robb became a member of the firm, with which he remained till the crisis of 1860, and the failure of John Thompson, the New York broker, and of the Ohio Life and Trust Co. He returned to Bal- timore in 1861, and was with his father in the shipbuilding business until the close of the war. In November, 1867, he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1869 be- came the Chief Clerk in the Register Office ; the following year he was elected Register of the city of Baltimore, to which office he was, in January, 1878, re-elected by the City Council for his fifth term, which expires in 1880. He has discharged his official duties with great ability and eff- ciency, and with entire satisfaction to the public. Mr. Robb entered the Masonic Order about the time of laying the corner-stone of the Masonic Temple. He is a member of the St. Andrew’s Scotch Society, of which his father was one of the original members. He belongs to the Demo- cratic party ; is liberal in his religious views. He married Mary C. Ball, of Harford County. They have three chil- dren. 2! USSELL, ALEXANDER WILSON, Captain and Pay- TX Director in the United States Navy,.the second ™ son of Robert Greer and Susan Hood (Worthing- a ton) Russell, was born in Frederick County, Mary- land, February 4, 1824. His father was a native of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and his mother of Montgomery County, Maryland, where she now resides in her eighty- eighth year, living in the house in which was held the first County Court for Rockville Court-house. It was then owned by her grandfather, Joseph Wilson, and was built nearly a century and a half ago, A sister of Robert Greer - Russell, and also his brother, Judge S. R. Russell, are still residing at Gettysburg, the home of the family for the last one hundred and fifty years. The first settler of the name was the great-grandfather of Pay-Director Russell, one of whose sons, Alexander, married Mary McPherson, a sister of Colonel John McPherson, Sr., of Frederick County, Maryland, and both these two young men served as officers in the American Army during the Revolutionary war. The three sons of Robert Greer Russell all served in the Mexican war—the eldest, the late Major William Worthington Rus- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sell, on the United States ship Independence, on the Pa- cific coast, where he was breveted for gallantry. He was very popular and highly esteemed for his excellencies of character and efficiency as an officer. In the late war he served as a volunteer aid on the staffs of Generals McClel- lan, Patterson, and Banks. In the Peninsula of Virginia he contracted a fever which proved the ultimate cause of his death, his demise occurring October 31, 1862. The third son is Captain John Henry Russell, of the United States Navy. Mr. Russell received his academic education in Gettysburg and at Frederick, and commenced the study of law, but in 1842 entered the naval service. He first served two years as captain’s clerk on the sloop of war Sara- toga, one of the squadron sent out under Commodore M. C. Perry, for the suppression of the slave trade. The ap- pointment of Mr. Russell being limited to the end of the cruise, he was after that variously employed till the Mexi- can war, when he served in the Mounted Rifle Regiment, Company C, under Captain Samuel H. Walker, Texas Ranger, and rose to the highest position in the company- that a volunteer soldier.could attain. Attacked by a disease incident to the climate, he remained till he was reduced to eighty-seven pounds in weight, and his only hope of life lay in an immediate return. From the vicinity of the city of Mexico he made his way alone and unaided through the enemy’s country to the sea, by assuming the disguise of a Mexican, and slipping into the train of a British officer ‘who was passing over that route. He had, however, a number of hairbreadth escapes, and at one stopping-place, oversleeping himself, in consequence of his ill and ex- hausted condition, was left behind by the train while still thirty miles from the sea. Starting on his mustang to over- take them he was twice fired upon by guerillas, was once taken prisoner and robbed, but was finally permitted to proceed, reaching Vera Cruz in safety, and finding there a steamer in which he sailed at once for New Orleans. From that city he had a long and painful journey, the lat- ter part of it by stage from Wheeling over the mountains, reaching his home in Rockville just as nature utterly gave way. It wasa year before he recovered. The feat was one unparalleled during that war, and required a degree of coolness and courage rarely possessed. On his recovery he served as clerk in the Interior Department, and after- ward for nine years as Chief Clerk of the Coast Survey Office. He also served three sessions, from 1858 to 1861, as Clerk of the, Committee of Naval Affairs in the United States Senate. While holding this office, in 1859, he re- ceived a letter signed by all the members of the committee, requesting him to prepare for publication a recompilation of the “« Naval Laws of the United States,’’ which he accom- plished with such success as to secure the commendation of the most eminent lawyers in the country. On February 28, 1861, he was appointed by President Buchanan to the position of Paymaster in the regular navy. In April and May of the same year he was attached to the steamer Po- 407 cahontas, on duty in the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay, from which he was transferred to the sloop of war Savannah, of the North and South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and was in the Savannah River at the capture of Tybee Island. On April 1, of the next year, he was appointed to the steam frigate Colorado, and was engaged in the capture of the forts in the Mississippi River and at New Orleans. From thence he was transferred to the ironclad steamer New Ironsides, special service, on which, Knowing him to be thoroughly conversant with the naval laws, Admiral Dahlgren required him, against his protest, to act as Judge Advocate for a general court-martial, con- vened for the trial of a number of persons for serious of- fences. This duty, in addition to the heavy responsibilities of Senior Pay-Officer in a fleet of vessels numbering twenty- five or more, he discharged, receiving for its faithful and able performance the unusual compliment of a commen- datory letter from the Admiral. He was with the South Atlantic Squadron in 1863 and 64, when, in the official dis- patches of Commodore, now Vice-Admiral Rowan, com- manding the New Ironsides, he was specially thanked “ for great zeal and ability in command of the powder and shell division,” during the twenty-seven engagements with the forts and batteries of Charleston harbor. In 1864 and ’65 he was on the receiving-ship North Carolina, at New York; in 1866, on the steamer Chattanooga, special ser- vice; and in 1866-67, on the steam-sloop Sacramento, spe- cial service, till it was wrecked in the Bay of Bengal, on the coast of India. He was made Inspector of Provisions and Clothing in the Navy Yard at Washington from 1868 to 1870, and from 1870 to ’73, was in the Navy Pay-Office at Philadelphia. March 3, 1871, he was promoted to the office of Pay-Inspector. From October, 1873, to January 15, 1874, he was Inspector of Provisions and Clothing in the Navy Yard at Philadelphia, and was in the Navy Pay- Office in the same city from 1874 to ’77. In that year, February 23, he was promoted to the office of Pay-Direc. tor, the highest in his corps. The rank attained by Pay- Director Russell bears the highest testimony to his bravery, efficiency, and worth. Since March 31, 1877, he has been in the Navy Pay-Office in Baltimore. He was married in 1855 to Julia, daughter of William H, Campbell, of Wash- ington, They have six children: William Campbell, Elizabeth Lamar, Susan Worthington, Virginia Fletcher, Alexander Wilson, and Julia Campbell, WV ICKS, CoLone Hooper C., youngest son of Henry a VY ° and Mary (Sewell) Hicks, was born in Dorchester i County, Maryland, November. 27, 1819. When < six years of age he lost his father, and was taken p into the family of his brother, Thomas Holliday Hicks, with whom he had a pleasant home and a happy « 408 childhood. Under the care of his brother, who was after- wards Governor of Maryland, a kind, generous, and noble- hearted man, he received a good common-school educa- tion, and after attaining his majority, was engaged in various kinds of business. During the administration of President Fillmore he was Collector of the Port of Vienna. The custom-house of that place has since been removed to Crisfield. In 1861 he was offered the position of Col- lector of Revenue for the First District of Maryland, which he declined. While his brother filled the offices of Governor and Senator, Colonel Hicks was his chief ad- viser and counsellor. He was almost always beside him, and with him he consulted frequently, giving him his un- reserved confidence. In that time of war, excitement, and confusion, such ready assistance, counsel, and suggestion was invaluable to the Governor, and the many official and semi-official acts of service performed by his brother, added materially to the eminent success of his administration. It was during that time that he was appointed one of the Governor’s staff, and received the title of Colonel. From 1865 to 1870 Colonel Hicks was one of the Appraisers of Customs in Baltimore, under Collector Webster; since which time he has been engaged in business in that city. He is now interested in a patent stove, which is proving a decided success. He is a gentleman of high character, an extensive acquaintance with men and affairs, and an earnest patriot. He was originally an old-line Whig, but since the rebellion has been identified with the Republican party. Although he was a slave-owner he voted for Emancipation. Colonel Hicks was married in 1842 to Martha Acworth, of Dorchester County, who died three years later, leaving him one child, a daughter. In 1847 he married her sister, Harriet Ann Acworth, by whom he has eight children. a S i HAN BOKKELEN, Rev. Lisertus, D.D., LL.D., was born in the city of New York. His paternal “ 1796, being exiled by the French Government be- cause of his adherence to the Prince of Orange. father of the subject of our sketch, was educated in New York as a merchant. The maternal grandfather of Rev. latter reached the age of fifteen his parents removed to Newbern, North Carolina, where his father died in 1846. on Long Island, and up to the year 1864, when he was commissioned Superintendent of Public Instruction for the or college, having been previous to that time either a pupil, tutor, professor, or principal. When twenty-two grandfather, a physician, came from Holland in He brought with him two sons, the younger of whom, the L. Van Bokkelen was a native of Wales. When the From the age of nine he was educated at boarding-schools State of Maryland, he had never lived outside of a school years of age he established St. Paul’s School at College BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Point, Long Island, which afterwards became the Pre- paratory School of St. Paul’s College. In 1842 he took holy orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and has ever since combined the duties of the ministry with edu- cational work. In 1845 he founded at Catonsville, Mary- land, the institution which, as St. Timothy’s Hall, became well known through all the Southern States. Beginning with nothing it achieved great success. The buildings were extensive, accommodating a family of one hundred and fifty, and generally were filled with students. The curriculum of this school included physical education, for which a gymnasium under skilled teachers was provided, The students were organized as an infantry battalion and artillery corps, for which muskets and cannon, with equip- ments, were furnished by the State. While conducting St. Timothy’s Hall, Dr. Van Bokkelen was elected Presi- dent of St. John’s College, Annapolis, and of the Agri- cultural School near Bladensburg. He was also invited to the charge of colleges in Tennessee and Missouri, and to establish a school in California, but declined them all. In addition to his ministerial work in St. Timothy’s Church, he had charge of Grace Church, at Elk Ridge Landing, and St. Peter’s Church, in Ellicott City, until they became self-supporting. In these duties he was assisted by the clerical professors at St. Timothy’s Hall. This institution was at the height of its prosperity in 1861, and plans were made for extending the buildings, but the war frustrated the effort, and Dr. Van Bokkelen suffered very heavy pecuniary loss. When the Public School System of Balti- more County was reorganized, he acted as Visitor of the Catonsville School. From 1859 to 1865 he served as School Commissioner for the First District of the county. During these years he made the School System a subject of close study, and suggested many valuable reforms. In 1864 the number of pupils at St. Timothy’s Hall being much reduced, he decided to rent the buildings to Professor E. Parsons, who continued the school under the old name, and secured a very large patronage. In September of that year, Dr. Van Bokkelen accepted a call to the Rector- ship of St. Stephen’s Church, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and had completed his arrangements for removal, when he received from Governor Bradford, of Maryland, the Commission of State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion, and decided to remain. In this highly responsible position he had a difficult and important duty to discharge, but he brought to the work large experience and very su- perior qualifications. The estimation in which he was held by his colleagues and co-laborers, as well as by the thinking portion of the community, is expressed in the following ‘resolution’? of the Association of Public School Commissioners, offered by Mr. William Henry Farquhar, of Montgomery County (December 5, 1867), and adopted unanimously by a rising vote: “ Resolved, That in closing the present and perhaps the final session of the Association of School Commissioners BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of the State of Maryland we feel it our duty to express in the most unqualified terms our high estimate of the ser- vices of the State Superintendent in the great work com- mitted to our charge. We regard the successful opera- tion and the beneficial results of the present admirable School System as owing in a great measure to his genius in organizing it, and to his zeal and devotion in carrying it on at great personal sacrifices, known to the members of this Association. Although in consequence of the in- herent difficulties that beset the inception of every great enterprise, heightened by the peculiar political excitement of the times, the true character and value of his services may not yet be duly appreciated, it is our firm belief when these sources of misunderstanding shall have passed away, the name of the Rey. L. Van Bokkelen will be placed high as the highest on the list of the men identified in America with its greatest glory,—free popular educa- tion,”’ The school system which he established is still, in effect, the law of Maryland. Some changes were made in con- sequence of the reactionary Constitution of 1867, but since that time the system has been drifting closer to its old moorings. Nor were the labors of Dr. Van Bokkelen in the cause of education confined to Maryland. He was elected a Director of the National Teachers’ Association at Indianapolis in 1866, was Secretary of the meeting at Nashville in 1868, and was President when the Association met at Trenton in 1869. This was the largest convention of teachers ever held in the United States up to that time, over two thousand being in attendance. When his office as State Superintendent ended in 1868, he resumed his work at St. Timothy’s Hall, and continued it with promises of success until July, 1871, when in consequence of a controversy in the church at Catonsville, he left his home. This church he founded, contributing largely towards its erection, and for many years he labored in it without salary. St. Timothy’s Hall was destroyed by fire in August, 1862, and with it a valuable library and museum. Dr. Van Bokkelen is now Rector of Trinity Church, Buf- falo, New York, and takes an active interest in the work of the public schools of that city. He was married in 1850 to Amelia, the youngest daughter of John Netter- ville D’Arcy, formerly a leading merchant in the city of Baltimore, and has five children. GP sao Davip, son of Joshua and Margaret N (Smith) Creamer, was born in Baltimore, Novem- i" ber 20, 1812, being one of a family of twelve ® children, eight of whom lived to have families of His father was a prosperous lumber mer- chant, and a prominent citizen of Baltimore. He died in their own. his sixty-fourth year, February 16,1853. His grandfather, 409 Henry Creamer, came from Germany and settled in West- minster, Maryland. His father, Valentine Creamer, re- moved, in 1803, from Baltimore to Ohio, where he died in 1831. The Smith ancestors came from England and settled in Baltimore County. Part of the stone house in which the great-grandfather of David Creamer lived, still remains. In it his grandfather, John Merryman Smith, was born, March 18, 1764. He was a Methodist, and died much respected in the seventieth year of his age. Both the parents of David Creamer were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He attended the best private schools of his native city, and at the age of seven- teen entered his father’s counting-room. On November 27, 1834, he was married by the Rev. G. G. Cookman, to Elizabeth Ann,-daughter of Judge Isaac Taylor, of the Orphans’ Court, also a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church.. The family descended from Richard Taylor, an English Quaker, who in 1717 purchased several tracts of land north of the city of Baltimore, which is still largely owned by his descendants. He donated to the Friends their burial-ground on the Harford road, near the northern boundary of the city, and there his remains were interred. Five years after his marriage David Creamer was taken into partnership with his father, the name of the new firm being Joshua Creamer & Son. For eleven years they conducted together their extensive and profitable business, Joshua Creamer withdrawing in 1850 to engage in a commission branch of the trade. His son carried on the business prosperously until, in the financial crisis of 1857, his profits were swept away, and in July, 1858, with only the inherited property of himself and wife remain- ing, he withdrew from active commercial life. For years before the commencement of the civil war the stanch patriotism of Mr. Creamer was well known to the State and national authorities. His bold position as a Union man, indorsed by his patriotic letters published in religious and secular papers, gave him the confidence of loyal pub- lic men in Baltimore and Washington. When the Massa- chusetts regiment was assaulted in the streets of the former city, April 19, 1861, he was the Foreman of the Jury of Inquest. To his pen the citizens of Massachusetts were indebted for widely published letters relative to the inter- est taken by the authorities of Baltimore in the care of the wounded and the tender interment of the dead. In Au- gust, 1862, he was appointed one of the enrolling officers of Maryland. The following month Governor Bradford commissioned him to visit the regiments about Washing- ton for the purpose of securing information of service to the authorities in connection with the call for volunteers. In July, 1863, he was appointed an Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue. In May, 1870, Postmaster-General J. A. J. Creswell invited him to accepta clerkship in the Post-office Department at the National Capital, where he is still em- ployed, being now in the sixty-sixth year of hisage. When fifteen years of age, Mr. Creamer, the subject of this sketch, 410 united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has held various positions among its official members, and is at present leader of the North Baltimore “ Sunrise Class,” with which he became connected half a century ago. It then met in the old City Station Methodist Episcopal Church. For a period of twenty-one years he was one of the trustees of Dickinson College, which important trust he was compelled to resign, because of the inconvenience of attending the meetings of the Board, held in a distant city. In 1848 the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church appointed five ministers and two laymen to revise the Denominational Hymn-book. Mr. Creamer was on this com- mittee and was one of the first two laymen ever appointed by the General Conference to official positions. During a part of the same year, he acted as cicerone to the eminent English Wesleyan minister, the Rev. James Dixon, D.D., in his tour through the United States. In Washington they were introduced to President Polk and Vice-President Dallas, and to Senators Benton, Calhoun, and Jefferson Davis, who was still suffering from the wound he received in the Mexican war. In his work entitled A@ethodism in America, Dr. Dixon refers to Mr. Creamer, and _ his standard work on Hymnology in terms of gratitude and compliment. Mr. Creamer has become widely known as a correspondent, essayist, and critic of Hymnology. As early as 1836 he established a literary journal in Baltimore, and was assisted in the editorial department by the Rev. J. N. McJilton, afterwards an eminent divine in the Protes- tant Episcopal Church. This periodical, entitled Zhe Baltimore Monument, had an able corps of contributors, among whom were Dr. Deems (now of New York), A. A. Lipscomb, LL.D., Thomas E. Bond, M.D., E. Yeates Reese, D.D., T. S. Arthur, N. C. Brooks, LL.D., Rev. G. G. Cookman, C. C. Cox, A.M., M.D., and others who have since become conspicuous in literary and professional life. In 1848 Mr. Creamer published his book on AZetho- dist Hymnology. It was the first work of the kind issued in the United States. Years of patient research and com- pilation had been devoted to its preparation. It is yet quoted as an authority by Hymnal critics in this country and England. He has written many articles for such mag- azines and papers as the Christian Advocate, The Baltt- more Christian Advocate, The Ladies’ Repository, and The Methodist, which latter paper he served several years as Baltimore correspondent. His private collection of books of sacred poetry is so extensive that he has furnished the Drew Theological Institute with-about seven hundred volumes on that one subject. His neatly kept scrap-books are replete with printed letters and essays from his own gifted pen, and his Oficial Album contains original letters complimenting him as a patriotic and Christian citizen from such men as President Hayes, Hon. E. M. Stanton, J. A. J. Creswell, D. M. Key, J. N. Tyner, and Generals Meigs, Foster, and Butler. His Clergyman’s Album is filled with tributes from ministers known for their culture and piety, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. who have been his personal friends. For many years Mr. Creamer has devoted much of his time and labor to the educational and moral improvement of the colored race. As one of the Board of Managers of the “ Baltimore As- sociation for the Educational and Moral Improvement of the Colored People,” he has travelled, spoken, written, and contributed in behalf of the various interests of these children of misfortune. To the efforts of this organization the excellent colored school system of Maryland is attrib- utable. It did the pioneer work, building schoolhouses throughout the State, and arousing public interest in the welfare of these “ wards of the nation.’ No man in Baltimore is more widely known as “ The colored man’s Friend,”’ than David Creamer. He believes that under the guidance of Divine Providence this race is destined to exert its legitimate influence on the moral character and civil polity of this country. In the year 1855 he was one of the School Commissioners of Baltimore. With pleasant recollections of a life that has been marked by integrity, usefulness, and piety, Mr. Creamer is gently approaching a serene and beautiful old age. as [RSHELPS, HonoraBlE Francis P., M.D., was born g “2 in Sussex County, Delaware, January 31, 1799. 6. =o * His father, Asahel Phelps, was a native of Con- 7 necticut, and traced his lineage far back to the early { colonial period. He was a Revolutionary soldier and was severely wounded in the battle of Brandywine. The maiden name of his wife was Agnes Houston. Francis P. Phelps attended school in his native county, and at fifteen years of agé was sent to a classical school at Milford, and afterwards to the academy at Lewiston, Delaware. On completing his course at the academy he commenced his medical studies in the office of Dr. William Handy, of Baltimore, and attended lectures at the University of Mary- land, from which he graduated in 1819. He settled at Federalsburg, Dorchester County, Maryland, wherehe prac- ticed till 1833, when he removed to his present residence in Cambridge, in the same county. In 1846 he relinquished practice in consequence of loss of health, and having pur- chased the estate of “ Eldon,” five miles from Cambridge, formerly owned by Hon. James A. Bayard, of Delaware, he made it his home until 1864, when losing all his slaves by the war he returned to Cambridge, and engaged in mercantile pursuits, which still occupy a share of his atten- tion. During all this time Dr. Phelps had been largely engaged in public life. In 1828 he was elected on the Adams ticket to a seat in the General Assembly. Finding that his home duties would not permit his continuing in political life, he declined re-election until 1839, when he was again elected to the Lower House, and served for five con- secutive years. In 1844 he was elected by the Whigs to the State Senate, and served for six years. In 1850 he was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. elected a member of the Convention which convened in Annapolis, January 15, 1851, to amend the State Constitu- tion. In this body, which was composed of the most able men of the State, he bore an active and influential part. In 1852 he was elected to and made Vice-President of the National Convention of the Whig party, which nominated General Scott for President. In 1856 he was a member of the National Convention which nominated Millard Fill- more for President. In 1860 he was a member of the National Convention which nominated Bell and Everett. He was elected in 1862 as a Union Delegate to the Gen- eral Assembly of Maryland, and in 1866 was a member of the Lower House, and of the Committee to Re-enfranchise the Citizens who had been Disfranchised by the Conven- tion of 1864. In 1873 he was unanimously nominated by the Democratic Convention as Senator from his county, and served for four years. For nearly fifty years he has been in the public service, and during that time has never been defeated at the ballot-box. Dr. Phelps united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1829. He was married in 1824 to Hannah, daughter of Dr. John P. White, of Lewiston, Delaware, and granddaughter of Colonel David Hall, Ex-Governor of that State, who was at the time of his death a Judge of the Circuit Court. Dr. and Mrs. Phelps have now one son and one daughter: Dr. Frank P. Phelps, who was a surgeon in the Union Army, and wife of Colonel James Wallace, who raised and com- manded the Maryland Regiment in the late war, and is now a prominent member of the Cambridge bar. K RN, GENERAL JOHN WATT, was born in Dum- ) VW : fries, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, March 30, 1834. His father was Alexander Horn, a millwright and hie carpenter. His mother was Miss Isabella Watt, a lineal descendant of the celebrated discoverer of steam power. She is still living in the city of Baltimore. His father died in 1877. The parents of the subject of. this sketch came to America when he was a child, and settled in Baltimore, where his father hada relative named Yates, who had made money in agricultural pursuits. Young Horn was placed at the public schools of Baltimore at a very early age, and only left them when his assistance became necessary for aiding in the support of his family, which was quite numerous. He was of an industrious dis- position, and engaged in the distribution of the Baltimore Sun, whereby he earned several dollars each week, which went into the family fund. Finding that the above occu- pation debarred him from all mental improvement, the at- tainment of which was one of his earliest desires, he entered the bookbindery of Louis Bonsall, where he was employed in the general work of the establishment, and where his literary tastes were gratified by access to numerous books. 411 He next became engaged in the printing office of James Young, Sr., and continued therein for one year. He was taken from the printing employment very much to his re- gret by his father, and apprenticed to the trade of chair- making with James Lee, of Baltimore. He completed the years of his apprenticeship, though his occupation was dis- tasteful to him throughout, and on attaining his majority left Baltimore and made a general tour through the South. In the vicinity of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia, he was employed for awhile in putting up and running a steam saw-mill. He returned to Baltimore in 1857, and after a brief period became attached to the Manchester Academy, Carroll County, Maryland, as the Military Driller of the cadets, for which position he had become qualified by reason of his early attachment to the militia companies of Baltimore, and his study of military tactics whilst an ap- prentice. Dr. Ferdinand Diffenbach was the Principal of the above institution of learning. He was an eminent scholar, and to him and Henry Stockbridge General Horn is mainly indebted for the direction of his subsequent career. Soon after his entrance into the academy it as- sumed the name of the Irving College, and Mr. Horn, though really one of its professors, was entered on the roll of its classes, and applied himself to studying when not engaged in the drill of the pupils. He acquired a con- siderable knowledge of the classics and mathematics. On leaving the college Professor Horn was highly compli- mented by President Diffenbach for the manner in which he performed his services for three years, the President pub- lishing a testimony to his character, zeal, and faithfulness. About a week after the unfortunate events that occurred in Baltimore on the occasion of the passage through that city of the Massachusetts troops, April 19, 1861, Mr. Horn opened on Pratt Street the first recruiting office in Baltimore for the enlistment of volunteers for the defence of the Union. This business he continued with ardor, in spite of the threats of those in sympathy with the South, and the remonstrances of friends, until a company was formed, and he was duly commissioned as Captain by Gov- ernor Bradford. He was assigned to Company F, Fifth Maryland Regiment, under command of Colonel Schley. After serving at Newport News, under General Mansfield, he became Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixth Maryland Regiment, which he was principally instrumental in the formation of. He was made Colonel of this regiment upon the resignation of Colonel Howard, his commission’ dating March, 1863. He had been attached to this regi- ment but a short time when he was sent to serve under Milroy, at Winchester. He continued in the Army of the Potomac, and was in service uninterruptedly, participating with great credit to himself and his regiment in all the battles, from Gettysburg to Petersburg, until, at Ope- quan Creek, he was terribly wounded by a minie ball, which passed through his body and rendered him entirely helpless. He was left on the field for dead, and when 412 found regarded as mortally wounded. In April of the following year he was breveted Brigadier-General, his commission to date from the period of his injury, for gal- lant and meritorious service in front of Petersburg and Shenandoah. November 2, 1866, he was made one of the Police Commissioners of Baltimore city. The active part he took in the troubles of that period in the city and State, brought him continuously before the people, and he was constantly acting on the Governor’s staff as Quartermaster- General. May, 1867, he was appointed by Governor Swann, Warden of the State Penitentiary. During his management of that institution he succeeded, by his en- ergy and economical policy, in clearing it of a debt of seventy-five thousand dollars, with which it was bur- dened when he took charge of it. After the expiration of his term of office at the Penitentiary he returned to his estate in Prince George’s County (‘ The Forest’), for- merly the home of Colonel W. W. W. Bowie. Here he hoped to spend the residue of his life, but having become convinced of the pernicious policy of placing colored children in the Penitentiary, and having protested re- peatedly against such a wrong in his official reports, he carried into private life the determination to seek the amelioration of the condition of that class. The Courts and Grand Jury protested again and again against the practice referred to, until finally the corporation known as the House of Refuge and Instruction and Reforma- tion of Colored Children, was established at Cheltenham, forty-six miles south of Baltimore. To this institution he was called as Superintendent in September, 1872, and opened it January, 1873. He has been twice married, first in 1860, to Mrs. Elizabeth Wilkins; secondly to Miss Martha E., second daughter of John F. Quinlin, of Balti- more city, in May, 1873. He has one child, now in his fifth year. General Horn’s early struggles against adverse circumstances, his indystry and determination to acquire that knowledge most serviceable in life, his energy and perseverance as well as his honorable ambition, his patri- otism and bravery, as illustrated by his prompt response to the call of his country inher hour of peril, and his deeds upon the battle-fields, and the ability and efficiency with which he has discharged the duties of the responsible posi- tions that have been conferred upon him, complete a record which entitles him to be regarded as one of Mary- land’s most honorable and useful citizens. OX, COLONEL SAMUEL, was born November 22, Is 1819, on his estate of “ Rich Hill,” which lies one mile east of Cox’s Station, on the Baltimore and be Potomac Railroad, and which has been for several generations in the family. His father was Hugh W. Cox, a planter, who died in 1849. His mother was Miss Margaret, daughter of Samuel Cox, of Charles County, “and his cousin. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Maryland. Colonel Cox was one of five children by his father’s first marriage, of whom he is the only survivor. By his father’s second marriage there were three chil- dren, of whom only William Cox is now living. The subject of this sketch attended the country pay schools of his neighborhood until he was fifteen years old, when he was sent to Charlotte Hall Academy, in St. Mary’s County, where he remained for three years. Soon after leaving school he entered into agricultural pur- suits, and continued therein for the long period of thirty- seven years.‘ Corn, oats, wheat and tobacco were the staples he raised, the last-mentioned claiming his particular attention during all these years. In 1845 Colonel Cox was appointed by Governor Pratt a member of the Magis- trate’s Court for Charles County, and continued to serve as such for four years. In 1853 he was nominated on the Whig ticket as a candidate for the State Assembly, was elected and served with distinction on the Committee of Ways and Means. He was also Chairman of the Com- mittee on Agriculture. This was in the sessions of 1853 and 1854. In 1859 he, with a number of leading citizens, began the agitation of the question of a railroad to run from Baltimore to a point on the Potomac, through Charles County. The civil war intervening nothing definite was done in the above matter until 1864, when Colonel Cox again took it up, and with others secured a charter for a railroad from Baltimore to the Potomac. The State Leg- islature appropriated one hundred and seventy-five thou- sand dollars for “internal improvement” to the county of Charles, and after various efforts to divert the proposed road from where it now is, and to divide the appropriation and give part to another railroad, it was finally determined to make its terminus at Pope’s Creek, on the Potomac, and six miles south of Cox’s Station. Colonel Cox was contractor for the six miles of the railroad nearest Pope’s Creek, the most difficult part of the road to construct in the county, the grade sometimes requiring as many as forty feet of filling and excavations. The Baltimore and Potomac Railroad extends from Baltimore to Pope’s Creek, with a branch to Washington, D.C. At Cox’s Station the Col- onel has built a hotel, store, and several private dwellfhgs. He has laid out a plat of fifty acres of land at this point, and offers to any mechanic or laborer one acre of land if he will build thereon, or if he desires to settle there. Several persons have availed themselves of these offers. Cox’s Station lies midway between the head-waters of the Wicomico and the Potomac River, on each of which the lands are fertile and valuable. The Colonel has served for four years as President of the Board of School Com- missioners for Charles County. In 1842 he married Miss Walter Ann, daughter of Walter Cox, Esq., an only child No children of this marriage are living. Honorable Samuel Cox, late a member of the State Leg- islature, by its authority, carries that name, and is at once his nephew and adopted son. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. WON: CDOWELL, WILLIAM JAMES, M.D., was born in ) fe Baltimore, February 23, 1854. He attended various schools in his native city, at Oxford, i Chester County, Pennsylvania, and other places, but received his principal education at the Balti- more City College. In 1869 he entered into mercantile life, in which he remained until 1872, when he commenced the study of medicine, matriculating at the University of Maryland in the fall of that year. He graduated therefrom in the spring of 1874, and immediately after receiving his diploma was appointed Attending Physician at the Dispen- sary of the Baltimore Infirmary.. After occupying that position for a year he received the appointment of Attend- ing Surgeon at the Baltimore Eye and Ear Infirmary. He served as such until 1877, when he was appointed Attend- ing Physician to the Presbyterian Eye and Ear Hospital, on East Baltimore Street, which responsible professional position he now occupies. He is a member of the Medico- Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore, and the Clinical Society of that city. He has contributed several valuable articles on diseases of the eye and ear to leading medical journals. Among them may be mentioned one entitled “ Phlyctenular Ophthalmia,”’ published in the Virginia Medical Monthly, as read by him before the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore; one, in the same journal, on “ Bone Deposit in Place of Lens ;” and one on “ Oyster Shuckers’ Corneitis,” his observations on the latter being thoroughly original, and in reference to an ocular condition not hitherto recognized. In January, 1878, Dr. McDowell was elected President of the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore for one year, an honor which had never before been accorded to one of his age. In April of that year he was appointed Chief of Clinic to the Chair of Eye and Ear Diseases in the University of Mary- land, which position he occupies at the present time. He makes a specialty of the above diseases, and has success- fully performed all the important and difficult operations upon the eye and ear, notably among the former being the successful removal of cataract from the eye of a patient who had attained the advanced age of ninety-seven years. Dr. McDowell’s father is Dr. William S. McDowell, Doc- tor of Dental Surgery, who is a native of Philadelphia, but has been for many years a resident of Baltimore. His grandfather, John McDowell, was 4 commander in the United States Navy in the war of 1812. He was captured during the war, and confined in Dartmoor prison, Eng- land, until the cessation of hostilities. His great-grand- father was an officer in the American Revolutionary ser- vice, and commanded the Scottish Grenadiers. He was wounded at the battle of Germantown. The progenitors of the McDowells were of Scotch birth, and came to America about the middle of the last century, settling in Philadelphia. Although yet a young man, Dr. McDowell enjoys the reputation of a skilful and successful medical practitioner, occupying a high rank in the special depart- 53 413 ment of medicine and surgery to which he has particularly directed his study and attention. ! OID rok OW OOTERS, JAMEs Marron, Farmer, of Chapel Dis- a 3 trict, Talbot County, Maryland, was born January ee 1, 1845. His father was a well-known and re- spected farmer of that county. He died in his six- %se-4 tieth year. His mother is still living. His parents were anxious to give him the advantage of a good educa- tion, and after attending the district school through his earlier years, they sent him in 1861 to the West River Clas- sical Institute, where he remained till 1863, when they placed him under the care of the Rev. Dr. Bevan, of Hills- boro. Here he made good progress in the classics. He afterwards attended school for one term at Trappe, Mary- land. In 1864 he took charge of a school in Severn Dis- trict, Anne Arundel County, and taught for one year, at the end of which time he returned to his native county and assumed the care of a school in Chapel District. During the same year Mr. Wooters was united in marriage with Laura J., daughter of James and Caroline Barton, of Caro- line County. He soon after engaged in agriculture, in which he has been very successful. His valuable farm of three hundred and ninety-six acres, near Cordova, is in a desirable locality, and is kept in fine condition. His elder brother, Charles K. Wooters, is also a well-known farmer of Chapel District. Mr. Wooters is an enterprising and highly respected citizen. He has three children. Ware, JoHN THOoMAs, was born in Baltimore in 1841. q ; After going through the various grades of the pub- lic schools he entered St. Vincent’s Academy, Bal- E> snore in which institution he pursued his studies for four years, and there completed his education. At the age of seventeen years he became engaged in the printing establishment of the late James Lucas, serving therein two years, at the expiration of which time he went to Washington, District of Columbia, and acted as Assis- tant Wagon-Master, United States Army, in Chief Wagon- Master Roe’s division. After being thus engaged for about eighteen months he returned to Baltimore, where he pur- chased teams and contracted with the United States Gov- ernment, and also with commission merchants, for the hauling of various kinds of produce. He pursued that business with great success for six years, and then, in 1868, entered into negotiation with Nicholas Seitz, of York County, Pennsylvania, for utilizing the peach for distilla- tion into peach brandy. Subsequently he became a party . 414 to a contract with E. Shaeffer, of Glenn Rock, Pennsyl- In 1872 Mr. Lee formed a copartnership with George Waidle, under the present firm name of Waidle & Lee, for conducting the peach distil- lery business, adding thereto the distillation of apple brandy in 1874. The fruit distillery of Messrs. Waidle & Lee, which is located at the corner of Jenkins and Point Lane, Baltimore County, is one of the most extensive in Mary- land, and the amount of peach and apple brandy distilled by it during the working months of each year exceeds that of the other distilleries of the State combined. The bran- dies are from the fruits themselves, without any “ doctor- ing” or adulteration, and are therefore highly esteemed for their purity and excellent flavor. This superior excellence in their brandies is attained by a new and ingenious pro- cess of distillation recently invented by them. Messrs. Waidle & Lee have a very heavy trade with the South and West, the greater bulk being in Ohio. The principal cities they ship to are Cincinnati, Louisville, Chicago, Nashville, Atlanta, Augusta, and Charleston, and in all these commu- nities their productions meet with greater favor and de- mand than those of any other of a similar kind in the United States. The firm has a grain distillery at Shrews- bury, Pennsylvania, which was well-known as Ruby’s distillery, G. W. Ruby, the former proprietor, having pro- duced a superior brand of whiskey, which Messrs. Waidle & Lee have improved. John T. Lee’s father was Thomas Lee, a native and highly respectable citizen-of St. Mary’s County, where his ancestors for many’ generations were born. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Mary O’Neal, daughter of Luke O’ Neal, a descendant of a highly honored family of Antrim, Ireland. Mr. Lee married Miss Scott, daughter of Andrew Scott, of an old Scottish family, and long resident of Baltimore. Mr. Lee has been for many years a very active and decided member of the Dem- ocratic Conservative party. He served in the Democratic City Convention of Baltimore for six consecutive years, and has been a member of various other important bodies of that party. He has also been a prominent member of leading Catholic societies. He has been a very extensive traveller, and his mind is well stored with general infor- mation. He is a prompt, energetic, and thorough business man, faithful in the discharge of all his obligations, and highly esteemed in the community. vania, for the same purpose. WILLISS, JosepH ALBERT, M.D., of Baltimore, was CG born near Salisbury, Somerset, now Wicomico County, Maryland, December 31, 1840. He is the t* second son of Judge James and Leah Eleanor (Wright) Gilliss, both from the oldest and most respectable families of that county. The Gilliss family, of Scotch origin, can be traced back to the year 1660, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. His mother is of English descent. His father learned in ‘early life the ship-carpenter’s trade, but has lived for nearly thirty years on his fine farm, and during most of that time has held important public offices. From a Jus- tice of the Peace he has risen to be Chief Judge of the Orphans’ Court, holding that position since 1875. He is a man of great probity of character, remarkable energy, and great political influence, and has accumulated consid- erable property. He was brought up in the Episcopal Church, but is now a Baptist. His son, Joseph A., was sent to the best country schools of that locality, but after reaching the age of nineteen, supported himself; and his further education was due entirely to his own industry and energy. An indefatigable student and worker, he taught school for five years in Maryland and Delaware, and was Principal of a school in Quantico, Maryland. Persevering at the same time in his studies, he took private lessons for a considerable period in the languages. He had originally intended to enter the legal profession, and spent eighteen months in reading law, but his studies having been inter- rupted by a serious illness, he was persuaded by his friends to prepare for the medical profession. He accordingly pursued a preparatory course for a year in the office of Drs. S. P. Dennis and Marion Slemons, and matriculated at the Washington University of Medicine in 1868, receiving the degree of M.D. in February, 1870. Also, to further per- fect himself in his chosen profession, he pursued for some time a post-graduate course at the University of Maryland, and other medical schools. In July, 1870, he settled in Baltimore, where he has since remained, meeting with success, and now holds a prominent position among the professional men of that city. He has been four times appointed Vaccine Physician for the Thirteenth and Four- teenth wards, each appointment being for one year. He is a general practitioner, and his practice is large and lu- crative. Dr, Gilliss isa member of the Medical and Chirur- gical faculty of Maryland, also of the Baltimore Medical Society and others. He is held in high esteem by his pro- fessional brethren, and throughout the community. He was united in marriage, December 20, 1870, with Miss Georgia Hardesty, of Anne Arundel County. Their only child, James Edgar Gilliss, was born March 18, 1873, and died June 23, 1874. Dr. Gilliss is a member of the society of Odd Fellows, and has travelled extensively through the United States. His office is at No. 50 North Eutaw Street. 2: 5 OBERTSON, WILLIAM W., M.D., youngest son AX of Dr. James B. and Eleanor (Williams) Robert- ™ son, was born in Calvert County, Maryland, Au- § gust 7, 1845. On his father’s side he is of Scotch descent, while his mother’s ancestors were English. His father is the first cousin of George Robertson Dennis, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. now United States Senator from Maryland. He was born in White Haven, Somerset County, but after his marriage resided in Calvert County, on one of the most beautiful and valuable estates on Chesapeake Bay. His wife was a daughter of Major Williams, of Washington County, and a relative of General Otho Williams of Revolutionary fame. The education of their son, William W., was care- fully conducted at Charlotte Hall Academy, and complet- ing his classical studies at Georgetown College, he gradu- ated A. B., in 1861. He then entered upon the study of medicine in the city of Baltimore, his instructors being the eminent physicians Drs. McSherry and Van Bibber of that city, and after attending two full courses of lectures at the University of Maryland, he graduated M.D., in 1864. He commenced the duties of his profession as physician in charge of several of the large coal mining companies in Alleghany County, removing at the expiration of one year to Salisbury, Wicomico County, where he practiced suc- cessfully till 1867. While residing in that place, in 1866, he was united in marriage with Miss P. F. Acworth, daughter of the late Train Acworth, a gentleman of great promi- nence and wealth in the same county. The following year Dr. Robertson removed to Baltimore, locating at No. 19 South Eutaw Street, where he has built up a large and lucra- tive practice. About that time he turned his attention to diseases of the nervous system, which he has since made a specialty. His success in this department has been very great. Several remarkable cures effected under his treat- ment have been reported in the medical journals of the country, and have secured for him a wide reputation. Many of his remedies are his own discoveries, and have proved very effective in the treatment of this class of dis- orders, to which he now gives his sole attention. Dr. Rob- ertson is a close student, and thorough in his investigations into the science of medicine, particularly in his depart- ment. He is a man of fine presence, and possesses a strong and active mind. He has two children, William Acworth, and James Claggett Robertson. In his religious faith he is an Episcopalian, and in politics a Democrat. Thomas & Son, manufacturers of building mate- @ County, Pennsylvania. His parents were Jacob and 1682. They had purchased land while in Wales, from grants were very numerous, and expected to form a barony, i — Josep, founder of the firm of Joseph Y rials, church, bank, and office furniture, Balti- more, Maryland, was born in 1787 in Chester Mary Thomas. The ancestors of the family came from Wales about the time of the landing of William Penn in the agents of William Penn, paying at the rate of one hundred pounds for five thousand acres. The Welsh emi- speaking their own language and having their own laws and customs, thus making a ** New Wales,” as they in- 415 tended to name the settlement. King Charles, however, named it Pennsylvania, after William Penn. The Thomas family, like many of the Welsh emigrants, were Baptists. All the school advantages young Thomas received were enjoyed previous to his sixteenth year, at which time he went to Wilmington, Delaware, and served an apprentice- ship at cabinet-making. About the year 1810 he came to Baltimore, where he was employed by a prominent cabinet- maker. He was one of the old defenders, and marched at the age of twenty-five with his company to North Point to defend the city. He was also a member of the “ Prop- erty Guards,” a fire company of that period, and a mem- ber of the Franklin Beneficial Society. In 1820 he pur- chased a foot turning-lathe, and in the basement of his dwelling commenced what soon became the leading wood- turning business of the city. The growth of his trade caused him to purchase the property fronting on Lexing- ton, Park, and Clay streets, where he built a factory, to which additions were made from time to time. His son Joseph was taken into business with him, and subse- quently his other son, Jacob B., and son-in-law, John L. Lawton, were added to the firm. Mr. Thomas married, April 22, 1813, Miss Mary, daughter of Richard and Margaret Burton, by whom he had one child, now Mrs, Mary J. Bauer. That wife having died he married her sister Eleanor, May 7, 1816. They had nine children, but four of whom are living: namely, Jacob B., Henrietta M., wife of John L. Lawton, Elizabeth A., wife of Wil- liam M. Mentzel, and Ellen L., wife of Thomas C. Burton. His son Joseph, above mentioned, died in April, 1864. Mr. Thomas died March 16, 1848, in the sixty- first year of his age, leaving behind him the reputation of a man faithful to his God and honorable in all his trans- actions with his fellow-men, His widow survived him twenty-six years. He had been a member of the First Baptist Church, but afterwards united with the Disciples of Christ, of which body he remained a zealous member to the close of his life. The business he left is still con- ducted under the old firm name of Joseph Thomas & Son, by his son, Jacob B, Thomas, and son-in-law, John L.. Lawton, The great fire of 1873, which originated on their premises, destroying the factory and warehouse, led them to the immediate purchase of the extensive build- ings on Leadenhall Street, then fully equipped with ma- chinery, and in operation; so that within a few days they were ready to fill orders for everything in their line of business. Their trade extends throughout the State, the District of Columbia, and adjacent Southern States. They employ about one hundred persons. Their house has had. a favorable reputation for half a century, and has: con- tributed its due proportion to the development of the manufacturing interests of Baltimore. The integrity of these gentlemen is unimpeachable, and they worthily rep- resent the business to which they have been so thoroughly educated. Mr. Jacob B, Thomas was born in Baltimore, 416 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. March 9, 1828. THe married Miss Elizabeth A., daughter of Ralph Norwood, Esq., of Hyattstown, Montgomery County, Maryland, January 27, 1852. He assisted in the organization of the Maryland Institute, being one of its first life members, and also of the Young Men’s Christian Association. He has been for many years a member and officer in the Church of the Disciples of Christ, and takes a lively interest in all objects of true benevolence. In 1868-9 he made a pleasant trip to Europe, Palestine, and Egypt, in company with his Pastor, Rev. Alfred N. Gil- bert, now of Cincinnati, Ohio. When quite young Mr. Thomas united with the Sons of Temperance, and has ever since adhered to the principles of that society. He is delicate in his appearance, but full of life and energy. Modest and retiring in his disposition, he is yet one of the most extensive manufacturers in Baltimore, and prominent and efficient in his church and Sabbath-school. ORRELL, J. Wittiam, M.D., the eldest son of wis Abraham and Ann (Lyder) Correll, was born in a Winchester, Virginia, August 26, 1826. His father “Yt was a successful business man. During the latter } part of his life he was a merchant in Baltimore. He had twelve children, eleven sons and one daughter, of whom only four sons are now living. The family is of English descent; four brothers, George, Abraham, Lewis, and Christopher, came to America just after the Revolu- tion, one settled in Jersey City, New Jersey, one in Lan- caster, Pennsylvania, and two in Delaware. Lewis Cor- rell, the grandfather of the subject of this biography, set- tled in Jersey City, near which place he owned a ferry, which was called Correll’s Ferry. The education of Dr. Correll was owing more to his own determined efforts than to any advantages he received. He attended the academy of his native place, and in 1850 commenced his profes- sional studies, receiving in due time a certificate from his preceptor, and commenced to practice. Desirous of more thorough preparation for his life work, he afterwards en- tered the Virginia Medical College, from which he gradu- ated M.D., in 1859. The following year he removed to North Carolina, where he met with good success, and re- mained till 1865, when he came to Baltimore, where he has since resided, and become one of the leading and most prominent physicians of that city. The demands of his large practice closély tax his time and strength. Gynz- cology and the diseases of women and children he makes a specialty, and in these he is very successful and has all the calls to which he can attend. In addition to this he studies continuously and hard, reaching constantly after broader and higher attainments, both in medicine and sci- ence. He is fond of investigating all scientific questions, and his reading embraces a wide range of subjects. To his patients he gives close and careful attention, and by his faithfulness and reliability in his profession has well merited the popularity he enjoys. His standing in the community and among his professional brethren is also deservedly high. To dentition, as related to health, he has given much attention, and was, in 1877, elected an honorary member of the Dental Association of Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. He is a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and was, in 1878, a representative from that Society to the General Medical Association held in Buffalo, New York, in June of that year. He took a prominent part in the deliberations of that body, and his services were highly appreciated. Dr. Correll has been elected 4 member of the East Baltimore Medical Association, and has held other responsible positions in the city. He was married in 1850 to Miss Lulu Latham, of Chester, Virginia, and has had four children. Of these only two are living, his daughter Mollie, and his son, Dr. Thomas A. Correll, a physician of four years’ standing and of fine promise. He graduated from the Maryland University in 1875. QC ODSBURY, COLONEL JosEPH M., son ef Peter and ity) Clarissa (Weaver) Sudsbury, was born in Nym- aC phenburg, Bavaria, March 17, 1827. His father was all his life in the service of the Bavarian Gov- ernment, being first an officer in the army. After engaging in two campaigns against Napoleon he retired and took a civil office, which he held the remainder of his life. He died in 1854 at the age of sixty-five. His an- cestors had been proprietors in Lower Bavaria for at least four hundred years. The Von Sudsburys belonged to the lower nobility, and consequently were able to secure a mili- tary education for the young Joseph M. His mother’s fam- ily who were from Austria, were also influential in ob- taining for him a free education in the Austrian Military School, from which he graduated, at the age of seventeen, and joined the Austrian Army. But though brought up a Catholic, and under the repressive influence of a most despotic government, he was born with an intense love of liberty, and a hatred of every arbitrary rule. The cause of the struggling Poles enlisted all his sympathies, and at the age of nineteen he joined with them in the fight for freedom. When they failed, he had of course to fly for his life, and gaining the soil of France, he joined the French Army, which he accompanied the same year to Africa against the Arabs. In that country he remained three years; he then went to Holland. Soon after he joined the insurrection of 1849 of Baden against the monarchy, in its effort to become a republic. The thirty-six thousand revo- lutionists were driven back and took refuge in Switzer- land. Here he lived two years, and in 1851 came to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. America. Settling first in New York, he learned the carving business, which he has ever since made a means of livelihood, and in which he is still engaged. In 1854 he removed to Baltimore. On the breaking out of the civil war, early in 1861, he joined the Union Army, entering the Second Maryland Regiment as a private, but was mustered in as Captain of Company K. Very soon he was trans- ferred to the Third Regiment, and promoted to the Lieu- tenant-Colonelcy, and in four months afterward was made Colonel, his commission dating September 1, 1862. He was engaged in the battle of Cedar Mountain, the second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, the first battle of the Wil- derness, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg. Following the last-named his corps was transferred to Rosecrans’s command and ordered to Chattanooga. Their time hav- ing expired the whole regiment re-enlisted and came home on a thirty days’ furlough. They were then assigned to the Ninth Corps under Burnside, and were in action in the second battle of the Wilderness under Grant, Spott- sylvania Court-house, South Anna, Cold Harbor, and be- fore Petersburg. The regiment having been badly cut up, at Colonel Sudsbury’s request, it was consolidated into a battalion, and he with most of his officers returned home. He has nobly and bravely served our country, and is en- titled to her lasting gratitude. He was married in 1855 to Miss Mary Rankin, of Baltimore, and has five children, Joseph A., William P., Randolph E., Louis, and Mary. a) HALAND, Docror THomas HENRY, was born é \ $ December 1, 1811, in Kent County, Maryland. sey He was the son of John and Sarah Ann (Con- stable) Whaland, and the grandson of John and Margaret (Constable) Whaland. He was a stu- dent of Washington College, near Chestertown, when that venerable institution was destroyed by fire, January 11, 1827, and subsequently pursued his studies under the direc- tion of Reverend Timothy Clowes, D.D. After his father’s death, in November, 1828, he took charge of and conducted the grist and fulling mill, near Chestertown, known as “ Whaland’s Mill.” He studied medicine under the supervision of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith, M.D., and attended lectures at the Maryland University in 1836-1837. Afterwards he matriculated in the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, and was graduated in March, 1839. Immediately after his graduation he com- menced the practice of his profession in Chestertown and its vicinity, and acquired an extensive practice, which he still retains, sharing it with his second son. While a student in Baltimore he frequently met and was well acquainted with the elder Booth and Edgar Allan Poe. He married, December 26, 1829, Eliza Grace Camp, daughter of William and Grace Camp, of Kent County, Maryland, and had eleven children, of whom the fol- 417 lowing survive, viz., John William Whaland; Henrietta Whaland, who married, January 3, 1865, Charles Henry Wickes, son of Captain Simon and Elizabeth (Blake) Wickes, and has a daughter, Hope Wickes; Marian Vic- toria Whaland ; Sarah Ann Whaland, who married, April 18, 1861, Henry Ward Carvill, and had children, viz., Mary Lewin, John Ward, born August 15, 1864, died in July, 1865, Augusta Eccleston, Caroline, Annie Ward, Grace, and Henry Ward Carvill; Ida Valeria Whaland, who married, June 10, 1868, Dr. Joseph A. Catlin, and had three children, viz., Grace, born July 3, 1869, died June 19, 1871, Thomas Henry Whaland, and Lenox Catlin; Charles Wickes Whaland, M.D.; Thomas Henry Whaland, and Albert Constable Whaland, attorney-at- law. wiW COWARD, Cuar.es, sixth and youngest son of Si ey Colonel John Eager Howard, was born April 25, yr" 1802. Although his tastes and favorite pursuits > were altogether those of a private gentleman, he was called at various times into the service of the public. For some time he was President of the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad Company in the earlier stages of the great work which was begun under that name. From 1848 to 1851 he was Presiding Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Baltimore City, and subsequently, in 1853 and 1854, filled the place of City Collector. He took an active partin the Reform measures of 1856-1860, and in 1860 was appointed by the General Assembly of Mary- land a member of the Board of Police Commissioners, under the law of that year, and presided over the Board until July, 1861, when he was forcibly removed, with his colleagues, by the military power of the General Govern- ment, and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette and Fort Warren for more than sixteen months. There was scarcely an enterprise or an institution of public benevolence or use- fulness to which at some time or other he did not give his personal aid and labor. He was one of the earliest friends of African colonization, and President of the Maryland State Colonization Society. At the time of his death he was one of the Trustees of the Peabody Foundation, a Vice-President and active member of the Baltimore Poor Association, and belonged to the Board of Trustees of the Maryland Hospital, and the Board of Managers of the. Asylum for the Blind. He died June 18, 1869. Faccor, Tuomas, settled on. Kent Island, Mary- IK land, in 1650, being then forty years of age. He ~ brought with him his two sons, John and James ‘ Ringgold. He was appointed one of the Judges of $ Kent County in 1651, and was foreman of the jury in the famous trial of Robert Holt and Reverend William Wilkinson in 1659. His son, Major James Ringgold, of 418 Huntingfield, who was in many respects a remarkable and distinguished man, married twice. By his first wife he had one son, Thomas Ringgold, the ancestor of most of the Ringgolds of Maryland. His second wife was Mary Vaughan, daughter of Captain Robert Vaughan, the Com- mander of Kent County from 1647 to 1652, and had a son, William Ringgold, who is now represented by Judge Joseph A. Wickes, of Chestertown. TAT hone ae Wi.uiam, Merchant, was born in () | Anne Arundel County, Maryland, September ee 8, 1801. His paternal ancestors are traceable a for two hundred and fifty years, and are of English origin. The first progenitor of the family of whom we have any record, was William Woodward, of London, England, who was a resident of that city in the early part of the seventeenth century. He was the father of William Woodward, also of London, who came to America and settled at Annapolis, in the province of Maryland. The latter was the father of Abraham Woodward, who was the father of William Woodward, Sr., who was the father of William Woodward, Jr., who was the father of Henry Woodward, who was the father of William Woodward, the present subject of this sketch. The above succession em- braces seven generations of the family, six of whom have lived in Anne Arundel County. William’s mother was Eleanor, daughter of Colonel Thomas Williams, of Prince George’s County. After receiving as good an education as the schools of the day could furnish, and remaining for awhile in a clerical capacity in Annapolis, young Wood- ward, in the fall of 1815, went to Baltimore, and entered the mercantile house of B. D. & R. Mullikin. After a continuance in their service for four years, he obtained a situation with Clark & Kellog. He remained with the latter firm until 1821, when he became a clerk in the old- established house of Talbot Jones, continuing as such until 1828, when he formed an association with Mr. Jones’s son, under the firm of Jones & Woodward, for the conduct- ing of the commission drygoods business, which, under va- rious changes of firm name, he has been prosecuting in the same locality where he founded his establishment half a century ago, the present style of the house being Wood- ward, Baldwin & Co. From the eighteenth year of his age Mr. Woodward has been identified with the Protes- tant Episcopal Church, and was, until recently, President of the Church Home and Infirmary, which was established under the auspices of that Church. He has been a constant attendant of St. Peter’s Church during his long residence in Baltimore, and has been a devoted friend of and labo- rer in its Sunday-school, filling, most of the time, the posi- tion of Superintendent. About the year 1825, in connec- tion with Henry Bird, of the First Presbyterian Church, he BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. formed the first temperance society in Maryland, and has been a zealous and active advocate of the temperance reform ever since. He was one of the originators of the Western Bank of Baltimore, and served for several years as one of its directors. In 1864 he became a Director in the Union Bank of Maryland, which position he now oc- cupies. He is also a Director in the Central Savings Bank. He is the Vice-President of the Maryland Bible Society, which association, under its old name of the Young Men’s Bible Society and its present title, he has been connected with for over fifty years. He is Manager in the Church Missionary Society of the Protestant Epis- copal Church; was for many years a vestryman in St. Peter’s Church; was a Director in the House of Refuge, and has been a director in several insurance companies. Mr. Woodward had, in the days of Henry Clay, adhered to the doctrines of the old Whig party. During the American civil war he was an unfaltering friend and sup- porter of the Federal authority, and now votes with the Republican party. His first vote was cast for John Quincy Adams for President, and he has voted at every Presidential election since. Previous to the war he was a member of the Reform Club in Baltimore, but he has never held political position of any kind. Mr. Woodward mar- ried, June 3, 1830, Miss Virginia Barnetson, daughter of Isaac Barnetson, of Baltimore. They have had six daugh- ters and three sons. Mr. Woodward stands high in pub- lic esteem as a Christian, a philanthropist, and an honor- able and enterprising business man. Woes WILLIAM BLACKISTON, was born June ¢ (| } 24, 1818, in Kent County, Maryland. He was the son of William Blackiston and Mary Ann GF rain Wilmer. He was educated in Kent, and represented that county in the Legislature of Mary- land in the sessions of 1868 and 1870. He married, Octo- ber 11, 1852, Mary A. Brooks, daughter of Philip and Araminta Brooks, and died October 9, 1877, leaving the following children, viz., Alice Medford, Mary Brooks, Philip George, Helena Taylor, and William Blackiston Wilmer. He was descended from Simon Wilmer. In re- ligion he was an Episcopalian, and in politics .a Democrat. en -An 09) aya AMILL, HonoraBLte Patrick, Ex-Member of Sy WW Congress, anda Director of the Ohio and Chesa- -f-""" peake Canal, was born in Maryland, April 28, & 1819. He is the third son of Patrick and Mary (Morrison) Hamill, of County Antrim, Ireland. His father was a rebel under Emmett, in 1798, and was forced to flee to America to save his life, He was a Catho- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. lic, but his wife, Mary, was a Protestant and a Methodist, and her son, Judge Hamill, is a devoted member of the church of his mother. He was educated at the common schools of his neighborhood until he was of age, when he went to a private teacher at his own expense. He learned the carpenter’s trade, at which he worked one year, then engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1841 he was ap- pointed Collector for Alleghany County, which position he held for two years. In 1843 he was elected to the Legis- lature, and was re-elected in 1844. In 1845 he commenced merchandising, and continued in the business for ten years. He was nominated to the Constitutional Conven- tion which met in 1852, but declined, and held no public office until appointed Judge of the Orphans’ Court by Gov- ernor Ligon. He was re-elected to the same office for a second term. In 1866 he was elected to the Legislature, but declined to take his seat because of the test oath and other causes. In 1868 he was again elected Judge of the Orphans’ Court for Alleghany County. He was tendered the nomination for the Constitutional Convention which framed the present Constitution of Maryland, but declined; was nominated and elected to the Forty-first Congress, to succeed Governor Thomas; has held no public office since except that of Director of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. He was influential in the formation of Garrett County with Oakland as the county seat, in which place he now re- sides. He was married in 1841 to Miss Isabella Peck. They have eight children, four sons and four daughters. His oldest son, Gilmor S., is a successful lawyer in Oak- land. The second son is a clergyman of the Methodist Church South, and is located at Middleburg, Loudon County, Virginia; he isa member of the Baltimore Con- ference. His third son, Patrick, is at Bethel Academy, Fauquier County, Virginia. SGA PEAKE, Rev. WILLIAM F., was born in Baltimore, ety) August 3, 1831. He received an excellent English and classical education in the grammar schools i and City College of Baltimore. While passing through these schools, he was in a measure obliged to support himself; and after his fourteenth year was thrown on his own resources. The training thus forced upon him developed that spirit of self-reliance which now, with a firm trust in the Divine help, so prominently marks his character. After leaving college, he spent a short time in a mercantile establishment, and was then appointed a teacher in Public School No. 4. In these positions, as clerk and teacher, he has learned much of that accurate discernment of character, and that facility for the manage- ment of business affairs, which have made his ministry so decidedly successful. He was converted in his fourteenth year, and was soon recognized by the church with which 419 he connected himself as a youth of more than ordinary promise. In his sixteenth year he was appointed teacher of a Bible class, some of whose members were older than himself. During his service as teacher in the public schools, he spent his evenings in study, with a view to the ministry. He was licensed to preach June 13, 1849, before he had reached his eighteenth year, and in March follow- ing was received as a probationer in the Baltimore Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. During his twenty-seven years’ active service in the ministry, he has spent eleven years in Virginia, nine years in the city of . Baltimore, and seven years in the District of Columbia; four years of which he held the position ‘of Presiding Elder of the Washington District. His ministry has been marked by a careful attention to all the duties of his call- ing, and a vigorous prosecution of his work. As a preacher, Mr. Speake is clear, forcible, and often eloquent. He avoids everything merely sensational, and conscien- tiously confines himself to the established doctrines of his Church. In his administration as a Presiding Elder, he exhibited very superior ability. His decisions have been sustained, not only by the higher authorities in the Church, but also by some of the best legal minds. During his service as Presiding Elder, he was elected as the first of the reserve delegates to the General Conference of 1876. % Sy ITTENHOUSE, Nicuoxas M., Proprietor of the a Xe Baltimore Terra Cotta Works, was born, April AN & cestors came from Germany in 1674, and settled in 4 New Amsterdam (now New York). After a few years, on account of the more liberal government, they removed to Philadelphia. One of his ancestors, David Rittenhouse, was an engineer on the staff of General Washington. He’was afterward first director of the United States Mint, the appointment being made by Gen- eral Washington. He was also an astronomer of note, and invented an instrument to determine the transit of Venus, which is held in high esteem by the astronomers of Europe. William Rittenhouse, another of his ancestors, built in Roxborough Township the first paper-mill ever erected inthe United States. Nicholas Rittenhouse, father of the subject of this sketch, was in the flour-milling busi- ness for more than thirty years. His mother, Sarah (Potts) Rittenhouse, was daughter of William Potts, of Plymouth, Pennsylvania. Zebulon Potts, one of her ancestors, was the Quaker who accidentally found General Washington engaged in prayer, and, going home, immediately raised a company of Quaker volunteers. Mr. Rittenhouse received a common-school education in Philadelphia. In 1861, at the age of seventeen, he entered the volunteer service of the United States, and became a member of the Second 24, 1844, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His an- 420 Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanded by Colonel R. Butler Price. He served from September, 1861, until September, 1864, and took part in all the battles of the Army of Vir- ginia and of the Potomac during his term of service, except those of Antietam and Fredericksburg, being dur- ing the latter confined in the hospital by fever. He passed through all those engagements with only some slight flesh wounds. At the battle of Gettysburg he formed a part of General Meade’s escort. On his return home he en- gaged in telegraphing for about two years; after which, in company with his brother, Enoch W., he went to Balti- more and purchased the Baltimore Terra Cotta Works from their uncle, George R. Rittenhouse. That gentleman had established the works about twenty-one years pre- viously, and had, by long-continued and careful experi- ment, brought them to a high degree of perfection. They conducted the business together until the death of Enoch, March 25, 1877, since which time N. M. Rittenhouse has been alone in the management. The Baltimore Terra Cotta Works are the oldest of the kind in the South. In the work executed more attention is paid to the quality than to the quantity. To this company alone a bronze medal was given at the Centennial, and a certificate for tested Terra Cotta Pipe. Mr. Rittenhouse is a member of the Lee Street Baptist Church. He married Emma Gorgas, third daughter of John Omensetter, a merchant of Phila- delphia, July 12, 1869. They have four sons and one daughter. Mr. Rittenhouse is held in high esteem on ac- count of his upright life and Christian character. He is an honorable and enterprising business man, a faithful friend, and among his comrades in arms, enjoyed the reputation of being an enthusiastic, brave, and reliable soldier. ar EE, RicHarpD CurRIE, M.D., son of Currie and ) } Mildred Lee, was born in Middlesex County, Vir- f ginia, August 23, 1833. His parents had four ; children, of whom he was the eldest son. His oe, father was a native of the same county, born in the year 1800, and died in 1838. His mother’s maiden name was Hutchings; she was born in the same county in 1802, and died in Baltimore in 1871. His father was a farmer. Richard’s opportunities for acquiring an education in his boyhood were limited; so that all his success if that direc- tion since is attributable to his own efforts and _pérsever- ance, A part of the time after his father’s death until he was fourteen years old he lived with his uncle, Thomas Hutchings, who was a farmer, and attended what was called “Old Field School.”” At that age he started out for him- self, first engaging as a clerk ina country store, and in 1849, after two years’ experience, he went to Baltimore and entered the grocery and commission house of Taliaferro & Scrimger, on South Calvert Street, the latter of whom BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. had married one of his sisters. In 1857 he commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. B. H. D. Bull, and graduated at the University of Maryland in March, 1859. After graduation he practiced with his preceptor for six years, having the advantage of Dr. Bull’s very large practice. He then removed to his present location, northwest corner of Hanover and Barr streets, where he has had a good practice ever since. At the solicitation of his friends, he accepted, in 1875, from Governor Broome, the office of Coroner of the Southern District of Baltimore City, to which he was reappointed by Governor Carroll in 1876, and again in 1878. Religiously, he was trained up under both Methodist and Baptist influences; but the latter prevailing, he identified himself with that denomi- nation, and is now a member of the First Baptist Church of Baltimore. In February, 1866, he married Miss Ada A. Laws, daughter of Z. Core Laws, Esq., of Accomac County, Virginia. They have had four children, named in the order of their birth, as follows: Richard Laws, Calvin Currie, Ada, and Mildred. . a Caprain Lampert, of the Continental é ) 3 Navy, was born in Kent County, Maryland. et He was the son of Samuel and Mary Wickes, and a descendant of Major Joseph Wickes. He eh was one of the most gallant officers of our first American Navy. On June 10, 1776, he was ordered to re- pair, with the Continental ship, the “ Reprisal,” to the West Indies, for arms and ammunition, carrying with him Mr. William Bingham, Commercial Agent for the Govern- ment, at Martinique. Soon after leaving the capes of the Delaware, July 11, 1776, he captured the English mer- chant ship “ Friendship.’”’” Two days after he captured the English schooner “ Peter,” and before he arrived at his destination, he captured, also, the “ Neptune” and the “Duchess of Leinster.”” On September 21, 1776, he was directed to convey Dr. Benjamin Franklin to France, and to perform other services, which instructions he faithfully complied with. On his way he made prizes of two Eng- lish brigantines, and was the first American naval officer and commanded the first American man-of-war that ever appeared in European waters. On February 5, 1777, he captured the “ Lisbon Packet,’ Captain Newman, two days out from Falmouth. He also captured the “ Polly and Nancy,” the “ Hibernia,” the “Generous Friends,” the “Swallow,” and the “Betty.’’ Subsequently, while commanding a squadron, consisting of the ‘“ Lexington,” Captain Henry Johnson, the “ Dolphin,” Captain Samuel Nicholson, and his flag-ship, the “ Reprisal,” he captured many prizes of considerable value, and performed many gallant exploits. His vessel foundered, October 1, 1777, on the Banks of Newfoundland, and all on board perished except the cook. He died unmarried. c7 Lf (/ Ea: 2 Ev BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. AE ies! MAJOR JosEPH, came to Kent County, é () | } Maryland, in 1650, and was then thirty years & of age. He was one of the Judges of Kent iP coms as early as January 12,1651, and remained on the bench, almost continuously, more than twenty years. He was a member of the English Church, and a gentleman of elevated character. He was the first owner in Kent County of an African slave, and was a very kind master. In 1658 he represented Kent County in the General Assembly of Maryland. On July 19, 1656, he married his second wife, Mrs. Marie Hartwell, and died in 1693, leaving an only son, Joseph Wickes, whose lineal descendants are now living in Kent County. yoose Joun Moaty, of the United States Army, aX was born in the city of Baltimore in 1785. His father was Thomas Russell, for many years a dis- a tinguished merchant of that city. He married Rebecca Moale, daughter of John Moale, and sis- ter of Colonel Samuel Moale, of whom a sketch is given in this volume. Thomas Russell was an active participant in the defence of Baltimore in 1814. He was an officer in Captain Pennington’s Company, and was wounded during the bombardment of Fort McHenry. General Ar- mistead, who was commanding the Fort, expressed a desire to remove the magazine, fearing an explosion from the fierce bombardment kept up by the British ships. Mr. Russell volunteered to assist, and in doing so was wounded. The Russells were an ancient Irish family, descendants of the house of Bedford, and were settled very early in the counties of Cork, Limerick, Tipperary, Munster, and alsoin Dublin. John M. Russell received his early edu- cation in his native city, and at the age of nineteen went into mercantile business, in which he continued six years. He then entered the United States Army, joining the forces under General Andrew Jackson, and went to Florida during the Seminole war. After several years of hard service, and receiving the thanks of General Jackson, he was honorably discharged; going then to Savannah, Georgia, where he was married to Jane M., daughter of M. P. Pindar, of that city. The family were from Man- chester, England, where Miss Pindar had received her edu- cation. She was considered one of the most accomplished ladies of her time in that section of the country. The marriage took place in 1815. They had six children, three of whom died in infancy. The remaining three are still living, Thomas M. Russell, named after General C. M. McCall, the historian of Georgia; Raswell Moale Rus- sell, and Frances M. Russell. Raswell married Frances E. Jackson, daughter of Captain John Jackson, of the United States Navy. In politics John Moale Russell be- 54 421 longed to the old Jackson school, being a great admirer of the hero of New Orleans. He was an Episcopalian in re- ligious belief. He died at the age of forty-two, after a brief illness. Grove, Cecil County, Maryland. His parents, William and Sarah (Latham) Rowland, emigrated to America in the latter part of the eighteenth cen- tury, and settled first in Delaware, but afterwards removed to the above locality, about four miles north of Port De- posit. Their children were Robert, John, William, Thomas, Samuel, Margaret, Jane, and Isabel. Robert, John, and James were farmers, the two former emigrating to Ohio, while the latter remained in Cecil County, where he died at an advanced age. Samuel received such limited educa- tion as the county schools of his time, usually open dur- ing the winter months only, afforded. The remainder of the year farmers’ sons were expected to work. After his father’s death he for some time assisted his brother James on the farm, but his tastes were for a more stirring life, and deciding to embark in mercantile business, he formed a copartnership with George Kidd, at a place known as “ Kidd’s Purchase,” two miles east of Port Deposit. Sub- sequently this partnership was dissolved, and young Row- land opened a store on his own account at the upper por- tion of Port Deposit, known as “Rock Run.” He also engaged with John Sterrett in the then profitable business of shad and herring fishing on the Susquehanna River. Under his management both the store and the fisheries proved successful. About 1811 a more promising opening invited him to the Octorara, where he entered into part- nership with a Mr. Cathcart, whose death shortly afterward left him sole proprietor of the store. Soon his steadily in- creasing business rendered it necessary to call to his aid some reliable assistant, and he associated with him in the business his nephew, John Carson, of Baltimore. This partnership continued with great prosperity until 1830, during which time Rowland and Carson had become large lumber dealers at Port Deposit, and in connection with another nephew, William Carson, became also engaged in the lumber business in Baltimore. In 1830 this firm was dissolved, and for several years Mr. Rowland associated John S. Everett with him in the store. In 1840 he retired from mercantile pursuits. While engaged in the above en- terprises Mr. Rowland was also a pioneer in the business improvements of Port Deposit. In copartnership with Cornelius Smith he built the first wharf for steamboats and sail-vessels, and erected upon it a commodious warehouse. They owned the largest hotel in the place; it was at the head of this wharf, and was kept by Mr. Smith. It is still the leading public house of that town. They also owned rm Ws OWLAND, Samurt, Capitalist, was born February — : Ke 28, 1780, on the family homestead, near Liberty 422 other valuable property in the place, and for many years the firm of Smith & Rowland were the leading lumber dealers. Also with parties in Baltimore Mr. Rowland held important business relations, and owned some valuable properties in that city. He was for many years a Director in the Marine Bank of Baltimore, and for a long time was private banker for the business men of Port Deposit and its vicinity. He was quick to perceive the advantages of a business opportunity, and prompt to act upon it, was ever ready to assist the deserving to enter into business, and to aid the industrious in their struggles, whenever a worthy subject was brought to his notice. There are still living those who hold in grateful remembrance his wise counsel, his friendly admonitions, and pecuniary aid. About fifty years ago a Post-office was established in Octorara, which in compliment to Mr. Rowland, who was appointed Post- master, was called Rowlandville. This name the village, now grown to importance, still retains. Through all the changes of the administration at Washington he was con- tinued in that office until his resignation at the time of his retirement from business. Such instances of life-long con- tinuance in office are of rare occurrence, and evidence the satisfaction he gave its patrons, and the faithfulness with which he discharged his duties to the Government. This was the only public office Mr. Rowland would ever ac- cept. He regarded a private station in life as the post of honor. He was decided in his political preferences, and voted with the Democratic party the most of his life. He was educated in the Presbyterian faith, and worshipped at Nottingham until the erection of the Presbyterian church at’ Port Deposit, in 1836, with which he united. He was liberal in his views and courteous in his intercourse with other Christian denominations. He’ married Mary Black, of Geneva, Ontario County, New York, February 25, 1812, and their union, which lasted nearly half a century, proved a happy one. They resided until her death at his farm on “Octorara Heights.” They had three sons and four daughters: Samuel, who died in infancy; Sarah Maria, who married Sanders McCullough, of Pennsylvania, and died a few years afterwards; William Black, M.D., whose wife is the daughter of Dr. John K. and Rebecca Neeper Sap- pington, of Havre de Grace, Maryland; James Harvey, who married Elizabeth Ark, daughter of Jonathan and Rachel Ark Webb, of Pennsylvania; Hannah Jane, who married Hugh Steel, merchant and farmer of Port Deposit; Isabel, who married Edwin Clapp, of Pawtucket, Rhode Island; and Margaret, who married the Rev. John Armstrong, of Oxford, Pennsylvania Mrs. Rowland was a lady of cul- ture and refinement. She died in 1856, in the seventy- third year of her age. After this event Mr. Rowland va- cated the old homestead in favor of his son, Dr. William B. Rowland, who still resides there, and thereafter divided his time somewhat among his children, but made his home chiefly with his son James H., at Port Deposit. He was at the house of his daughter, Mrs. Hugh Steel, when, in a BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1864, at the ripe age of eighty-four years, six months, and sixteen days, he passed from earth, in the full possession of all his faculties, and in the Christian hope of immortal life. His remains were interred in West Nottingham Pres- byterian Cemetery, where also rest his wife, his deceased children, and his parents. The cemetery is a beautiful spot, one of the oldest and best cared for in the State. mono: W,ONES, JoHN WESLEY, was born October 10, 1833, x 2 at Glenmore, near Kennedyville, in Kent County, s ©° Maryland. His father, Daniel Jones, was born Oc- tober 10,1796; married, November 27, 1821, Catha- rine Tilden Ireland ; and died April 23, 1865. Daniel Jones was the son of Jacob Jones, Jr., and Elizabeth Gale, a daughter of Rasin Gale and Martha Moore, who were mar- ried in 1756. Rasin Gale was the son of John Gale and the grandson of George Gale, who was born in 1670 in Kent County, England ; came to Maryland in 1690, and died in August,1712. Jacob Jones, Jr., was High Sheriff of Kent County, Maryland, in 1783, and was the son of Captain Jacob and Elizabeth Jones. His mother, Mrs. Catharine Tilden (Ireland) Jones, was born November 23, 1804; died September 26, 1858. She was the daughter of John Treland, who was born March 9, 1767, and married, De- cember 28, 1801, Mary Tilden. John Ireland was the son of Joseph Ireland, who was born June 17, 1727, near Hali- fax, Yorkshire, England; settled in Shrewsbury Parish, Kent County, Maryland, and married July 10, 1761, Ale- thea Comegys, daughter of William and Ann Cosden Comegys. Ireland was the daughter of Dr. William Blay Tilden, who was the son of John and Catharine (Blay) Tilden. Mrs. Catharine (Blay) Tilden, who married, July 27, 1722, John Tilden, was the daughter of Colonel Wil- liam Blay and his wife Isabella Pearce, daughter of Judge William Pearce. Colonel William Blay was the son of Colonel Edward and Ann Blay, of Blay’s Range, Kent County, Maryland. John Tilden was the son of Charles Tilden, the second son of Marmaduke Tilden. Mr. Jones was educated in Kent County, Maryland, and received in 1862 the appointment of Secretary to the President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. After- wards he successively held the position of General Freight Clerk, Auditor, Secretary, Secretary and Comptroller; and in May, 1873, was elected First Vice-President of the Com- pany, and filled that office with great efficiency until his resignation in 1877. He now resides in Philadelphia, and is the Second Vice-President of the Aztec Syndicate of Arizona, incorporated in Pennsylvania, May, 1878. He married, October 22, 1867, Mary Billmeyer Murphey, daugh- ter of John A. and Mary Murphey, and had the following children: Helen Blay Jones, Florence Tilden Jones, and Charles Tilden Jones. : BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. yorncown, Major WILLIAM, of Eastern Neck, a was born in Kent County, Maryland, February "%G 23,1723. He was the son of Thomas Ringgold. “? His mother was Rebecca (Wilmer) Ringgold, daugh- ter of Simon and Rebecca Wilmer. He was one of the Committee of Safety, Observation, and Correspondence, for Kent County, during the Revolution, and a member of the Convention which formed the first Constitution for the State of Maryland. He married twice, first, January 9, 1750, Sarah Jones; and secondly, his cousin, Mary Wil- mer, daughter of William and Rosa (Blackiston) Wilmer. Ws EMBERLY, Epwarp, senior partner of the whole- Re sale provision and packing house of Kemberly & Brothers, was born January 23, 1819, in the city ' of Baltimore. His early education was obtained at the private schools of Baltimore, and at the age of fifteen years he commenced learning the business of a butcher. By his faithfulness and attention to his duties he became, at the age of twenty, proficient in the business, and embarked in it on his own account. He continued in the business and prospered, until he, with his brothers, estab- lished the large house of Kemberly & Brothers, which for thirty-eight years has transacted the most extensive business of the kind in Baltimore. At the age of twenty-three he married Catharine Pierce, the daughter of Colonel W. H. Pierce, a prominent citizen of Harford County, Maryland, and by this marriage had ten children, nine of whom are now living. He is now, and has been for many years, a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is connected with the Madison Avenue Church of that de- nomination. Mr. Kemberly is distinguished for his unos- tentatious benevolence. At his extensive packing estab- lishment the hearts of many of the poor are made glad by his liberal donations; the unfortunate never apply to him in vain. In politics, Mr. Kemberly is a Republican, and during the struggle for national existence he manifested his unfaltering attachment to the Union. His branch house at Norfolk, Virginia, supplied the army operating in that locality with provisions. Mr. Kemberly has won for him- self, by his integrity, fairness, and intelligence, not only a high place in the commercial world, but in the esteem of his fellow-citizens of his native city. W3) OSSITER, Reverenn Joe T., Pastor of the First De Reformed Church of Baltimore, was born at Blue "x6 Bell, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, January t 9, 1842.. His parents were Samuel and Anna S. + (Lukens) Rossiter. His father’s ancestors were from Scotland, his mather was of English descent, of the line of 423 Percivals. His father’s small farm could not sufficiently support his large family, and he taught the public school of the place a portion of the year. Atan early age young Rossiter felt that he was called to the Gospel ministry and bent all his energies in that direction. He knew that noth- ing could be expected from the slender home means to as- sist him in accomplishing his purpose, that he must depend on his own exertions. He had the advantage of a good public school training, having regularly worked on the. farm in the summer and attended the school in the winter. At the age of sixteen he was examined by the County Superintendent of the Public Schools for a position as teacher, and being a successful candidate, labored. steadily for five years in that capacity, at the same time studying Latin and Greek, and reciting twice a week to his pastor, Rev. Samuel G. Wagner. At the end of five years he had laid up the sum of eight hundred dollars, upon which he felt he might commence his full preparation for college, and entered the Allentown Military and Collegiate Institute as a teacher in mathematics and the English branches. In this way he paid for his tuition in the higher classes, and also earned his board and received a small salary besides. He con- tinued in this manner for two and a half years, and in Sep- tember, 1865, entered the Sophomore class of the Franklin and Marshall College, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated July 9, 1868, with honors in mathe- matics and the languages. He was chosen by the Literary Society of the College as their orator on this occasion, and was also class orator. On September 15, 1868, he entered the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church of the United States, at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. During his vacations he taught select and normal schools in Somerset, Somerset County, of that State, graduating May 12, 1871, He was then urged by the president of the seminary to ac- cept a position in a theological school in Iowa, but pre- ferring the active duties of the ministry, he accepted a call from a small Reformed congregation at Shepherdstown, West Virginia. Here he labored with great acceptability and success for three years and a half, when he received a call to the First Reformed Church of Baltimore. This congregation was then very small, numbering but one hun- dred and forty-five members; it has trebled under his pastor- ate. Mr. Rossiter is very popular with his people. He com- bines all the elements of a successful pastor. He is a close student, and is a scholar of rare attainments; he has a keen, logical, and analytical mind; is a clear, forcible speaker, and holds his audience by the strength of his rea- soning, and the eloquence of his discourses. He is of a genial happy temperament, and is greatly loved and ad- mired for his manly Christian character. He preaches to a highly intelligent congregation. Mr. Rossiter was mar- ried, October 25, 1871, to Bennetta M., youngest daughter of Ex-Mayor Sherer, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Their only son is named Percival. Mr. Rossiter is a member of the Oriental Lodge of Admitted and Free Masons, He or- 424 ganized, in 1868, the Blue Bell Beneficiary Society, which has proved very popular. This Order now exists in a number of the States, and has several thousand members. 2 DORERTS: JosEPH, Pharmaceutist, son of Edward AX: P. and Elizabeth (Davenport) Roberts, was born oe in Baltimore, February 15, 1824. His father was i of Welsh descent, and was born in Annapolis in the year 1791. He settled in Baltimore in early life, commencing his business career as a grocer. Being a vigorous writer and an ardent politician of the old Whig school, he soon became connected with the Baltimore press, and spent many years of his life in its service. He was for a long period editor of the Farmer and Gardener, and the American Farmer, the first agricultural paper printed in the United States, it having been started in Bal- timore in 1819 by John S. Skinner, and is still conducted by Samuel Sands & Son. Edward P. Roberts, during the last seven years of his life, was engaged in the manufac- ture of agricultural and other labor-saving machinery, as an active member of the firm of George Page & Co. He was one of the defenders of Baltimore in 1814, and a highly esteemed and useful citizen. He died in March, 1858. His wife was of German parentage, and most exem- plary and devoted as a wife and mother. She died in 1876, in the 83d year of her age. Joseph Roberts was educated at the Academy at West Nottingham, Cecil County. In 1841 he commenced the study of pharmacy with John Milhan, in New York, and graduated from the College of Phar- macy in that city in 1845. Returning to Baltimore the following year he opened a drug and apothecary store at No. 1 Greenmount Avenue, where he is still successfully engaged. The interest which he has ever manifested in his profession, and his efforts to bring it to its highest per- fection have been recognized and duly appreciated. With others he was instrumental in having laws passed by the Legislature of Maryland to guard against the dangers arising from the practice of pharmacy by incompetent persons. He has been for many years an active member of the Maryland College of Pharmacy (established in 1841), and has held many offices under it, having been for several years past its President. He is a life member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, of which he has twice been Vice-President. This association is national in its character, enrolling amongst its members over one thousand of the leading pharmacists of the United States, and has for its object the general advancement of the science of pharmacy. He, with his fellow-members of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, issued the call that was the means of first bringing into existence the annual convention of teaching Colleges of Pharmacy. This has since become a fixture in pharmaceutical guidance, and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. has brought about uniformity in the course of instruction pursued by the many Colleges of Pharmacy throughout our land. Mr. Roberts is not a politician, but Has twice been called in times of emergency to serve his ward in the City Council, first on the Reform ticket, during the may- oralty of the Honorable Thomas Swann, and again under Mayor John Lee Chapman. During this last term he was President of the Second Branch, and performed his duties faithfully and intelligently. While thus prominently and actively identified with other important interests of the city, Mr. Roberts is at the same time a member of the extensive agricultural and manufacturing firm of George Page & Co., having in 1858 purchased his father’s interest in that business, and has since been acting as its financial and corresponding member. Not far from North Point, where his father, with other brave men, went forth to repel the invasion of the English, Mr. Roberts has a farm of five hundred and fifty-three acres, called “ Black Marsh,” on which yet stands the house then used by the American forces as an outpost. He is a gentleman of strong athletic appearance, of excellent judgment, and apt in everything he undertakes. He was married, February 26, 1861, to Caroline Hutton, of Hardy County, West Virginia, daughter of Jub Hutton, of Scotch descent, and Rebecca (Seymour) Hutton. Her ancestors on both sides were among the earliest settlers of that section of the country, and were well known and highly respected. They have had three children, Joseph, Edward S., and Franklin. The last- named alone survives. y ICKES, HonoRABLE PEREGRINE LETHBURY, was k Ki born, August 14, 1837, in Chestertown, Kent 7 : County, Maryland. He is the youngest son of ap. Colonel Joseph and Elizabeth Caroline (Chambers) Wickes; was educated at Princeton College, New Jersey, and received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in June, 1856. Subsequently the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by the same institution. He studied law with Honorable S. Teackle Wallis, of Balti- more, was admitted to the bar of Kent County, Maryland, on April 18, 1859, and practiced his profession, in Chester- town, until 1866, when he removed to York, Pennsylvania. In November, 1875, he was elected Additional Law Judge of the Nineteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which position he now holds and ably fills. He is a gentleman of much literary culture, an accomplished speaker, and in many respects, intellectually, resembles his deceased eldest brother, Honorable Benjamin Chambers Wickes, who was born October 12, 1823; was Deputy Attorney-General in and for Kent County, Maryland, from March 18, 1850, to January 2, 1852, and died July 1, 1854, at the commence- ment of a career of unusual promise. Judge Wickes married, February 27, 1862, Henrietta Catharine Welsh, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. daughter of Henry and Catharine Welsh, of York, Penn- sylvania, and had eight children, viz., Joseph Lee, Catha- rine Barnitz, Peregrine Lethbury, born January 25, 1868, died July 17, 1868, Henry Welsh, Benjamin Chambers, Pere Lethbury, Henrietta Elizabeth, and Walter Forman Wickes. @YeTONE, HonoraBe WILLIAM, the third Proprietary QD Governor of Maryland, was born in England ® about the year 1605. The ancestors of his family ' lived in Northamptonshire. He emigrated from London and settled in Northampton County, Virginia, where he served, for several years, as High Sheriff, and gave to’that county its name. In 1648 the affairs of Lord Baltimore and of his colony were in a very precarious condition, and the Lord Proprietary, in order to quiet the discontent of the inhabitants and remove the injurious im- pressions, produced by his enemies in England, deemed it prudent to reconstruct the government of Maryland, and make it acceptable to the majority of the colonists. He, therefore, on August 6, 1648, appointed William Stone, Esq., who was “ generally knowne to have beene always zealously affected to the parliament,” to be his Governor of Maryland, and also, August 12, 1648, constituted Thomas Greene, Esq., Captain John Price, Secretary, Thomas Hatton, John Pile, and Captain Robert Vaughan, to be the Privy Council. All of whom were Protestants, excepting Thomas Greene and John Pile. New oaths of office were exacted of the Governor and Council, chiefly for the protection of Roman Catholics and dissenters, as by the charter granted to Lord Baltimore the English Church was the legal Church of the Province, and remained so until the year 1776. One of the first and most impor- tant acts of Governor Stone was to convene the General Assembly of Maryland. It met April z, 1649, and was composed of men of every shade of religious belief, a majority being Protestants. At this Assembly was passed, April 21, 1649, the famous “ Act concerning religion,” which was assented to by Lord Baltimore, August 6, 1650. The administration of affairs by Governor Stone gave great satisfaction to the people, invited a large influx of emigrants; and in consequence of his wise liberality a settlement was made by the Puritans on Severn River, in Anne Arundel County. In 1650 he again convened the Legislature. On April 6, 1650, it passed the » Act for settling of this present Assembly,’’ which remained as the form of government for the Province until 1774. On March 29, 1652, Richard Bennett, Edmund Courteis, and William Claiborne, Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England, reduced the Province of Maryland, and deposed Governor Stone. Afterwards, June 28, 1652, two of the Commissioners, Bennett and Claiborne, upon the urgent request of the Council and others, restored him 425 to his position, as Governor, “to the good liking of the inhabitants.”’ Governor Stone, by all the means in his power, continued to strengthen and uphold the authority of the Proprietary; but, July 22, 1654, his office was wrest- ed from him, and the administration of affairs and the conservation of peace and public justice was assumed by a Puritan Council. In 1655, under instructions from Lord Baltimore, he determined to assert the rights of the Pro- prietary, and organized a small military force for that pur- pose. The battle took place at Providence (now Annapo- lis) Sunday, March 25, 1655, and resulted in his defeat and capture. He was sentenced by a Puritan court- martial to be shot, and was only saved by the intercession of some of the soldiers and women among his antagonists. After his deposition he resided upon his estate, ‘‘ Poynton Manor,” which with “‘ Court Leet and Court Baron,” had been granted to him in consideration of his ‘ good and faithful services.” When the Proprietary’s rights were restored, he served as one of the Privy Council. He died about 1660, and is regarded as the ablest of the Proprie- tary Governors. He left the following children, viz., Thomas, Richard, John, Matthew, Elizabeth, Catharine, and Mary. His son John left a son, William, whose son, Thomas, was the father of David Stone, of Charles County, Maryland, who married, first, a daughter of Hon. Samuel Hanson, and had a son, Samuel Stone, and mar- ried, secondly, Elizabeth Jenifer, daughter of Dr. Daniel and Ann (Hanson) Jenifer, and had the following children, viz., Hon. Thomas Stone, who signed the Declaration of- Independence, Hon. John Hoskins Stone, who was Goy- ernor of Maryland from 1794 to 1797, Judge Michael Jenifer Stone, who was member of Congress from 1789 to 1791, Walter Stone, Frederick Stone, Daniel Stone, Sarah Stone, who married Rev. Mr. Scott, of Virginia, Elizabeth Stone, who married Mr. Eden, son of Governor Robert Eden, of Maryland, and Grace Stone. in St. Mary’s County, Maryland, and was grad- uated at William and Mary College in 1753. He adopted the profession of law. He was a member of the Maryland Convention convened at Annapolis, May 8, 1776, and on May 24, 1776, was elected one of the committee, with Matthew Tilghman, William Paca, Thomas Johnson, and James Hollyday, which invited Governor Robert Eden to vacate, and onthe 26th of the same month was made one of the Council of Safety. He represented St. Mary’s County in the Maryland Conven- tion which met August 14, 1776, at Annapolis, and on the 17th day of the same month was chosen one of the committee “to prepare a declaration and charter of rights and a form of government’? for the State of Maryland. 426 He represented Maryland in the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1781, and was President of the Maryland Convention which ratified, April 28, 1788, the Constitu- tion of the United States. At the expiration of the term of Hon. John Eager Howard, he was elected, in 1792, Governor of Maryland, and was succeeded by John H. Stone. He died in Annapolis, February 10, 179-. GivePENCER, Proressor Henry CALEB, Proprietor and ei) Principal of Spencerian Business College, Wash- * ington, District of Columbia, is one of the Spencer Brothers, sons of Platt R. Spencer, the originator of the world-renowned Spencerian style and system of penmanship. The brothers are: Robert C., the eldest, principal and proprietor of Spencerian Business College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Platt R., Jr., principal and pro- prietor of Spencerian Business College, Cleveland, Ohio ; Harvey A., principal of Commonwealth Business College, Dallas, Texas; and Lyman P., employed in the prepara- tion of Spencerian publications, at Washington, District of Columbia. The father, Platt R. Spencer, was born November 7, 1800, at East Fishkill, New York. His family removed to Ashtabula County, Ohio, when he was ten years of age, and he resided there until his death, May 16, 1864. The following is from his biography, in the History of Ashtabula County: ‘“ Like all men who are well made, he was self-made. Though his boyhood was limited by the hard lot of pioneer life, his love for the beautiful found expression in an art which his genius raised from the grade of manual drudgery to the rank of a fine art. It is hon- orable to undertake any worthy work and accomplish it successfully ; it is great to become the first in any such work; and it is unquestionably true that Mr. Spencer made himself the foremost penman of the world. And this he did without masters. He not only became the first pen- man, but he analyzed all the elements of chirography, sim- plified its forms, arranged them in successive order, and created a system which has become the foundation of in- struction in that art in all the public schools of our coun- try.” Henry C. Spencer, the subject of this sketch, was born February 6, 1838, in Geneva, Ashtabula County, Ohio. During his minority he attended excellent district and select schools, the Hiram College, and the Business Col- lege, and is a graduate of the Law Department of the National University. At twelve years of age he was re- garded by his father and other competent judges the best penman of his age in the country. He assisted his father in many of his writing-schools, and in the public schools of Buffalo and Sandusky. In 1858 he taught in the Bryant & Stratton Cleveland Business College, the first of the cele- brated chain of colleges, and being then nineteen years of age, was offered a partnership, which he declined, In 1859 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. he was in charge of penmanship in the public schools of Buffalo and in the Buffalo Business College. Subsequently, when the Spencerian copy-books were published for gen- eral use, he introduced them and systematized instruction in penmanship ‘in the public schools of many cities and towns East and West. Among them were Rochester, Syra- cuse, and Oswego, in New York; Detroit and Ypsilanti, in Michigan; Richmond and Fort Wayne, in Indiana; Madison, Wisconsin; and St. Louis, Missouri. He was called the ‘Prince of Blackboard Writers,” and in this respect never found a successful competitor. In 1861 he located in New York city, teaching in the various institu- tions of the great metropolis and adjacent towns, intro- ducing and firmly establishing the Spencerian system, and aiding in founding the Brooklyn Business College. He also taught in the New York City Business College. In 1864 he was appointed Superintendent of Penmanship in the Bryant & Stratton chain of business colleges, compris- ing forty institutions, located in the most important cities of the country. In December, 1864, he married Miss Sara J. Andrews, whose acquaintance he had formed while teaching in St. Louis. His children are: Leonard Garfield, born January 12, 1867, and Henry Caleb, Jr., born February 14, 1875. Prof. Spencer’s wife, Sara Andrews Spencer, is known throughout the country in connection with leading philan- thropic and social reform movements. She was born in Savona, Steuben County, New York, October 21, 1837, and early developed superior literary talents. At the age of thirteen she removed with her mother to St. Louis, and from the age of fourteen she has been a frequent and popu- lar contributor to the daily press of St. Louis, New York, and other cities, her articles generally being aimed at popu- lar errors and wrongs. At nineteen she was principal of the “ Mound” Female Grammar School of St. Louis, being the youngest principal in the city. In 1863 she went to New York, and being recommended by Horace Greeley, obtained employment in the office of the Scdentific Ameri- can; at the same time writing for two daily papers and one weekly, doing fourteen hours’ intellectual labor each day. Her writings are widely read, and her appeals to Congress for suitable shelter and training for vagrant, homeless girls, have touched many hearts. For seven years she has been a most efficient member and officer of the National Woman Suffrage Association. She was a delegate of the National Suffrage Association to the Cin- cinnati Republican Presidential Convention, June 14, 1876, and addressed the Platform Committee in behalf of a wo- man suffrage plank in their platform, and on the following morning, upon motion of Hon. George F. Hoar, of Massa- chusetts, was invited to address the Convention; the first instance in the history of this country in which a woman ever addressed a National Presidential Convention. She is associate editor and publisher of Woman’s Words, a hand- some journal, recording what women are saying and doing in art, literature, philanthropy, reform, and government. NB eee ies ee Uverpprce BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. It is published simultaneously in Washington and Phila- delphia. In 1866 Prof. and Mrs. Spencer took up their residence in Washington, D. C., and became teachers in the widely-known Washington Business College. In Jan- uary, 1871, Prof. Spencer purchased the College, and be- came its principal and proprietor. Mrs. Spencer as vice- principal co-operates with her husband. They are both proficient, experienced, and successful teachers in all the branches of a business education, and give their time and personal attention to the thorough training of the large classes of students who throng their beautiful college halls. For twelve years they have labored unremittingly in Wash- ington, and thousands of young men and women who have been their pupils, now holding worthy positions at the capital and elsewhere, regard them with love and grati- tude. Prof. Spencer’s reputation and acquaintance are co- extensive with our country. He has instructed personally more than fifty thousand persons within twenty years, and trained many teachers. (From ‘‘ Baltimore, Past and Present.’’) v5 FEEDER, CHARLES, Manufacturer, was born in Bal- A timore, October 31, 1817. His parents, Charles and Elizabeth Reeder, were Pennsylvanians, but 4 removed to Baltimore in 1813. There Mr. Reeder’s father established himself as a machinist and engine- builder, and constructed the first steamboat-engine that was built in that city. He acquired a wide reputation, and the first successful engine introduced on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and which continued in use for many years, was one which had been improved according to Mr. Reeder’s designs, and rebuilt in his workshops. Charles Reeder, the subject of this sketch, was withdrawn from school at the age of fifteen. and entered his father’s shops to learn the machinist’s trade. He employed his leisure hours in the study of mathematics and mechanical philoso- phy, under the tuition of Mr. J. J. Reekers, an accomplished mathematician. He also attended lectures at the Univer- sity of Maryland, and from these and other sources, ac- quired a knowledge of chemistry, and the natural laws which have a bearing upon the steam-engine. In this way he laid the foundation of his subsequent success as a me- chanician. In the years 1836,’37, and ’38, being then a member of the firm of C. Reeder & Sons, and foreman of the machine department, he assisted in the construction of several steamers, which, in their day, were considered first-class vessels. In 1838 a great disaster befell the firm ; the entire works being destroyed by fire, entailing a heavy loss. The expense of rebuilding brought the company into financial embarrassment, from which they were not free for several years. In 1842 Mr. Reeder commenced business in partnership with his elder brother, under unfavorable circumstances; but by energy and perseverance they suc- 427 ceeded in a few years in restoring the credit which the es- tablishment had formerly enjoyed. This partnership con- tinued for about six years, when the elder brother with- drew, and assumed the management of a line of steamers, of which he was in part owner. Mr. Reeder’s first con- tract undertaken individually, was to furnish the machinery for a mail steamship to run between Charleston and Ha- vana. This ship, the Isabel, was completed in 1848,and her successful performances attracted the attention of builders in Northern cities engaged in the construction of ocean steamers. Some of Mr. Reeder’s improvements were of such importance that not only were they adopted in the construction of steamers subsequently built for ocean navigation, but many of those already built were altered ; and the improvements first applied in the Isabel became a general feature of ocean paddle-wheel steamers. From these shops a number of ocean, bay, and river steamers have since been supplied with machinery, and their per- formances have fully sustained the reputation which the establishment has enjoyed for half a century. Since 1866 the establishment has been conducted by the firm of C. Reeder & Co., the other partners being Mr. Reeder’s younger brother and his sons. The city iceboat, Chesa- peake, was constructed by them. This is a powerful steamer designed to keep the harbor channel open in win- ter, and is supplied with the necessary apparatus for ren- dering relief to vessels in distress. It has been fully tested by actual use, and is believed to be unsurpassed in power and efficiency by any vessel of the kind in the United States. Mr. Reeder has acquired as the reward of thirty years’ devotion to his business, a handsome fortune. He is largely interested in several steamship lines, as well as being a stockholder in several banks and insurance com- panies in Baltimore. Mr. Reeder was married, in October, 1838, to Frances Ann Sherlock, daughter of Peter and Frances Sherlock, and has seven children living, four sons and three daughters, namely: Andrew J., Oliver, Frances, Charles M., Teresa, Alice, Leonard. The two eldest of each sex are married; and those of the sons who are of age are connected with him in business. SM WeARKLAND, Wittram T., Carpenter and Builder, oI » 4 6 of Baltimore, was born January 10, 1822, at siti Oxford, Talbot County, Maryland, where his ¥ great-grandfather, who was an English nobleman, settled in early colonial times. He owned a tract of land called “ Plenhemmen,” afterward the property of General Tench Tilghman. His grandfather, as also his father, lived and died inthat county. His father, William Markland, was a highly respected merchant and miller, and the owner of a vessel of that port. He also owned considerable real estate in the neighborhood. He died in 1840, Mr. W. T. Markland’s mother was Elizabeth Brom- 428 well, daughter of Jacob Bromwell, a well-known farmer of Talbot County, of English lineage. She died in Bal- timore in 1875. Their children were, Sarah, deceased; William T., the subject of this sketch ; Margaret Ann, the wife of Edward J. Stevens, of Oxford; Charles H., part- ner of William T., who married Susannah Kelly, daughter of Caleb Kelly, of Baltimore. William was educated in the district country school, receiving plain English instrue- tion. In April, 1837, at the age of sixteen, he left Oxford and went to Baltimore, where he learned the carpenter trade with John B. Redgrave. After attaining his majority he served two years as a journeyman. About the year 1847 he formed a partnership in the carpenter business with his cousin, under the firm name of J. T. & W. T. Markland, which continued for three years. In 1850 William T. went to California, and remained about eighteen months, where his brother Charles and himself did consid- erable building, mostly in San Francisco. They carried with them a large supply of brick and other building ma- terials. William returned to Baltimore in January, 1852, and successfully prosecuted his business there alone until 1857, when he was joined by his brother Charles, the part- nership continuing until the present time (1878). They are among the most extensive and reputable builders of the city of Baltimore. Messrs. Markland & Brother have erected some of the largest and best business houses, school- houses, station-houses, churches, and dwelling-houses in the city. They were the builders of the Governor’s man- sion at Annapolis, at a cost of one hundred thousand dollars. The Traders’ National Bank, and the elegant granite structure known as Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, in Baltimore, are also specimens of their superior workmanship. Mr. Markland is a Director of the Traders’ National Bank, and has been a Director of several insurance companies. He was a member of the State Legislature for three succesive terms, having been elected by the Democrats in 1868,’70 and’72. In politics he has always been Democratic. He was a Delegate to the St. Louis Convention which nominated Mr. Tilden for the Presi- dency. He was a member of the State Board of Control, and served on the revision of the assessment for the Third District. He is a member of Warren Lodge, No. 51, and is alsoa Royal Arch Mason. He has been identified with the Masonic Order since he was twenty-four years of age, and with the Odd Fellows since he was twenty-two, in which Order he is a Past Grand. His parents were Methodists. He attends the Associate Reformed Church, of which Dr. Leyburn is pastor. Mr. Markland married Miss Ann Jane Phelps, daughter of Gardner Phelps, of Baltimore. Their children are Elizabeth M., who married James Hollingshead; Sarah, wife of William R. Brewer, Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court; Charles H., who died in his nineteenth year; Mary Ann, died in early life ; Mar- garet Emma; Mollie; William T., Jr.; and Alexander Franklin. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Ww GATE, JoHN Harrison Dutton, Farmer, g OA } was born in Charles County, Maryland, Sep- ar tember 13, 1810. His father, Elias G. Win- z gate, also a farmer of the same county, was born [ in St. Mary’s County. According to tradition the Wingates of Maryland sprung from three brothers, who came to this country from England about the close of the Revolutionary war. One settled on the Eastern Shore of the State, and the grandfather of the present sketch settled in St. Mary’s. Elias G. Wingate died in 1842, and his wife in her seventy-fifth year. John was the youngest of three brothers, of whom he is the only survivor, his brother Henry having died in 1854, and the other brother, Thomas C. Wingate, when thirty years old. John enjoyed but meagre educational advantages, being taken from school when but nine years of age and placed at work upon his father’s farm, on account of the very moderate circumstances of his par- ents. He continued working for his father until the autumn of 1830, when he married, and began life for himself. His first employment was as manager of a farm belonging to Captain John Fendall. He continued in the management of other farms until 1850, when he rented the farm now owned. by him, which then belonged to the heirs of James Bur- roughs. The ensuing year he purchased it from the admin- istrator, John Henry Burroughs. It consisted of about one hundred and fifty acres of excellent land, with but few im- provements. The house was merely a log structure; there was no barn and but little timber for building. Seven years after his occupancy of that place he purchased the adjoining farm of one hundred acres. In 1858 he moved into his pres- ent residence and engaged more extensively than hitherto in raising wheat, corn, and tobacco. In 1860 he added forty-eight, and in 1866 sufficient more acres to make his estate, known as “ Poppleton,” embrace three hundred acres of fertile land, yielding prolific crops, and insuring its energetic owner handsome returns for his well-applied industry and farming skill. Considering his early disad- vantages we may pronounce Mr. Wingate to be truly a self-made man, and his character for integrity is equal to that of any man, whilst his business capacity has been abundantly demonstrated by his success. In politics Mr. Wingate has always been a Democrat, and his religious beliefs are those of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has been married four times: first to Miss Margaret, daughter of James Nettle, of Charles County, by whom he has one surviving son, James Wingate, of the firm of Boswell & Wingate, Port Tobacco; secondly; to Jane, daughter of Barton Robey, by whom he has one surviving son, Thomas Curran Wingate, who for three years served asa member of the First Maryland Artillery, Confederate States Army ; thirdly, to Miss Susanna, daughter of Ben- jamin Dent, by whom he had no children; and fourthly, to Miss Harriet, daughter of Thomas S. Franklin, by whom he has one surviving daughter, Mrs. Alice J. Dutton, who is living on a farm contiguous to “ Poppleton.” BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. een (KWeAMILL, CHARLES Wess, Manufacturer of Silver e Wy ( Plated Ware, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, ?° March 2, 1845, and was the eldest son of Robert « and Catharine (Conant) Hamill. His father fol- lowed the business of shoemaking. He was born in 1821, in Soldiers’ Delight, Baltimore County, and was the sixteenth child. His parents came to this country from Ireland early in the present century. His father, also named Robert Hamill, fought in the defence of Baltimore in the war of 1812, The mother of Charles Webb Hamill was from Boston, Massachusetts, and a descendant of the Winslows, celebrated in the history of New England. Her son Charles, from childhood, gave evidence of great reso- luteness of character, and strong tenacity of purpose. His perfect system in everything that he undertook, and his love of order, were very noticable from earliest childhood, He attended the public schools of Baltimore till he was thirteen years of age, when, having conceived the idea that it was his duty to assist his father in the support of the family, he could not be diverted from it. His parents greatly preferred that he should continue longer in school, but finally yielded to his wishes, and he entered a shoe store as an errand-boy. In this he continued faithfully for three years, never discouraged by any circumstance, never disposed to go back to the easier school-boy life he had left, but far better satisfied, even at that early age, to feel that he was of use in the world, and earning his own liv-’ ing. In 1861, carried away with the common enthusiasm of a large proportion of the Baltimore boys at that time, he started for the South to join the Confederate Army, but was brought back and put on parole. He then found em- ployment in an aerated bakery. It was his rule, adhered to from boyhood, that whatever kind of establishment he entered, he would, from the day of his entrance, set him- self to work to master every detail of the business; this he never failed to do, and following out this rule, he had been but two years in the bakery before he had the management of it. It however had never been a success, and failed in 1863; when he entered a book store for two years. Family love and helpfulness were very strong in him, and at the expiration of that time, his brother having returned from the army, he gave up his situation to him and started out to find another place, considering himself best fitted to meet any trial and hardship that might need to be encountered. He seemed to meet at first with poor success, and after a few days, determined to be earning something, he persuaded a shoemaker to let him take home two dozen pairs of shoes to make. He had never learned the trade, but with the aid of his father’s direction, he completed a pair in one day; the remaining twenty-three he did not make. Seeing in a newspaper an advertisement for young men to learn the silver burnishing business, the lowest round in the manufacturing of silver-plated ware, he answered, the next morning, the advertisement in person. His quick eye and ready comprehension at once took in the fact that this was 55 429 a great business, and one that would suit him. The con- ditions were not inviting: he was to work three months without pay, but he accepted them unhesitatingly. At the end of three months the conductor of the business desired to keep him at the silver burnishing and pay him wages. He replied that he wanted to learn the next higher depart- ment, and left. He however found another establishment, and proceeding as he had resolved to do, step by step up- ward, he mastered every department of this very nice and difficult business, and made himself an expert in every de- tail. The lapse of time did not discourage him; he aimed at thoroughness and perfection. After eleven years spent in attaining this object, he commenced business for him- self, a fine opportunity having opened before him. During all these years from his boyhood he had been very careful of his earnings, till by constant small deposits, he had ac- cumulated enough to buy a house. This house he mort- gaged for three thousand dollars, in order to obtain the necessary means, and in 1876 began, at No. 28 North Holliday Street, the manufacture of silver-plated ware. He soon added to it the next building, No. 30, of the same street. He commenced with ten hands, but steadily in- . creased their number, till in 1878 he had forty hands. This success he had accomplished in the face of the very worst times ever known in the country ; by judicious adver- tising, by making only first-class goods, by a bold confi- dence in himself, and by steady persistent effort. Mr. Hamill has removed his establishment to the southwest corner of German and South streets. It is one of the largest and most successful of the kind south of New Eng- land. Mr. Hamill’s birth as a Marylander has secured him largely the Southern trade; he has also a large trade in the West, in South America, the West Indies, and Mexico. He manufactures everything in his line of business, his goods are unsurpassed, and he is constantly devising new and elegant designs. There are but few establishments of this kind in the United States. Mr. Hamill was married, April 2, 1873, to Elizabeth T. Wellener, daughter of Basil S. Wellener, a well-known shipbuilder of Baltimore. They have four children, Grace, Harry, Frank, and George. INNEMON, PERRY SPENCER, Physician and Sur- Be geon, was born in Talbot County, Maryland, December 7, 1809. His parents were John and , Ann (Orem) Kinnemon. His father, a large planter and prominent man in that county, was called “the old King,’’ from his commanding presence and dignified demeanor. He died when his son Perry was only eight years old, and his wife followed him a few months later. The Kinnemon family is of Scotch descent ; three brothers, John, Andrew, and Ambrose, came to New Jersey in the early settlement of the country, and soon 430 afterwards removed to Talbot County, Maryland, where they bought a large tract of land, known as “ the Trappe.” They agreed that if one died the others should have the property, but they all lived, and it was finally divided among them. After the death of his parents, Perry, with his sister still younger, was brought to Baltimore by his guardian, who conspired with the guardian’s bondsman to rob the helpless orphans. The whole of the large estate to which they were heirs was squandered; they were stripped of everything and left in utter poverty. Only the slenderest advantages of education were afforded the un- fortunate boy, who had an insatiable thirst for knowledge, which he gratified at every possible opportunity, and de- spite every drawback, grew up singularly well informed. At thirteen years of age he was apprenticed to a cabinet- maker, but could make no headway in mechanical labor, and his employer, finding him utterly useless in the shop, was very willing to part with him. He had a strong pre- dilection for medicine, so strong that he was really unfitted for anything else, and fortunately a kind physician, Dr. Poits, became interested in the friendless youth, helped him, taught him, and after his death, Dr. Baker, one of the professors in the Maryland University, was very kind. Young Kinnemon obtained a place as an apothecary in the Eastern Dispensary, while pursuing his studies, and struggled against every obstacle, till, in 1833, having secured a thorough education, he graduated M.D. from the Maryland University. He had succeeded, but against fearful odds. Of the sufferings of his childhood and the anguish of his struggling youth he could never speak. The sight of orphan children always deeply affected him. After his graduation Dr. Kinnemon was a physician in the Eastern Dispensary for some time; he also commenced at once the general practice of his profession, having his office on Pratt Street. In 1845 he built a handsome resi- dence for himself, on the corner of Pratt and Gough streets, where he resided the remainder of his life. He had a very large and lucrative practice among a superior class of people, and was idolized by his patients. He was for many years a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, of which society he was also at one time the Treasurer ; he was also a member of the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore. He was a delegate many times to the National Conventions of medical men, and was always highly honored among his professional brethren, as well as everywhere esteemed and beloved as a man. He was from his boyhood a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, and attended the first Sabbath- school in Baltimore. He was a Trustee for many years, and a Steward, at the time of his decease, of the Caroline Street Church, to which he had always belonged. Dr. Kinnemon was united in marriage, March 19, 1844, with Sarah Grabill, of Frederick County, Maryland, daughter of John Grabill, a prosperous farmer and miller, who did a very large business near Emmettsburg. The grandfathér BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of Mrs. Kinnemon was from Germany. The family is of high respectability. Dr. and Mrs. Kinnemon had six children, five of whom are living: Ann Elizabeth, now Mrs. J. Stewart Grabill, of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, George Spencer Kinnemon, M.D., of Baltimore, Charles Henry, and Sarah Frances, now Mrs. Frank T. Norton, of Baltimore. Dr. Kinnemore died of heart disease, January 1, 1877, after only three or four weeks’ illness. Resolu- tions highly complimentary to his memory were passed by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, and by the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore. All his life his chari- ties had been most constant, but so quietly and unostenta- tiously“performed that of many of them his family knew nothing till after his death. During the fearful epidemic of cholera in 1832 he was connected with the Eastern Dispensary, where his labors were unremitting and most self-sacrificing. ws ASINNEMON, GEorGE SpENCcER, Physician and Be Surgeon, the eldest son of Perry Spencer and Sarah (Grabill) Kinnemon, was born in Baltimore, (> May 10, 1848. His early education was obtained in the city schools, and he completed his classical studies at the Central Institute—which has now ceased to exist—under the care of Professors Clinton Morgan and John Harmon. On leaving school, mercantile business at first attracted him as a speedier method of succeeding in life. He was fora time engaged in several stores in the city, after which he went to Chicago. In this place his health became much impaired, and finally convinced that his tastes were not for business, he returned and pursued with his father the study of medicine, to which he had already given considerable attention. He also studied with Pro- fessors Miles, Chew, and Chisholm. In 1872 he matricu- lated at the Maryland University, from which he graduated March 3, 1874. Before the death of his father he had al- ready acquired quite an extensive practice, and after that event he succeeded to his father’s practice, retaining the larger part of it. Dr. Kinnemon has a fine address and pleasing manner, and is regarded as one of the ablest and most promising of the young physicians of Baltimore. MOOT, ANDREW Jackson, M.D., was born in vity) Charles County, Maryland, July 7, 1828. His «father, Captain John W. Smoot, farmer, died in 1861. He served as an officer under General Winfield Scott in the war of 1812. Dr. Smoot’s mother was Miss Elizabeth Eleanor A., daughter of Thomas Hawkins, a farmer, of Charles County. She died in 1868. She was a most estimable Christian lady, and a member of the Metho- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, dist Episcopal Church. The doctor is one of four chil- dren, he being the oldest. He received his early education at a country pay-school, and at the age of thirteen years entered the grammar school of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, then under the direction of Rev. George R. Crooks, D.D. After two years in the grammar school, he entered the Freshman class of the college. Shortly after his entrance into the Junior Class he was called home. Subsequently he became a student for a short time at Charlotte Hall Academy, St. Mary’s County. In 1849 he commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Dent, a well-known physician of Charles County. He matriculated at the University of Maryland in the fall of 1850, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1852. Whilst attending the lectures he was in the private office of Prof. Nathan R. Smith. After graduating he practiced in the Baltimore City and County Almshouse for thirteen months. He then attended a course of lectures in the New York University, and during his attendance thereon prac- ticed his profession in Bellevue Hospital. Returning to his native county he established himself in the practice of medicine in the village of Newport. At the expiration of two years he removed to his father’s residence, where he continued the practice of medicine, and in 1860 purchased the estate known as “Society Hill,’ in Picawaxen, where he has ever since continued to reside, engaged in the man- agement of his farm and the duties of a country practice. Before the war the doctor acted as surgeon of the volun- teer cavalry, known as the First Maryland Cavalry. He served as County Commissioner of Charles County from 1870 to 1876. In political sentiment he is a Democrat, and in his religious convictions a Protestant Episcopalian. In 1872 he entered the Masonic fraternity, and is now a member of St. Columbia Lodge, No. 150, Port Tobacco, Maryland. Dr. Smoot married, November, 1855, Miss Nannie W., youngest daughter of Dr. Robert Crane, of Charles County, and niece of Judge P. W. Crane, of that County. He has four children living, three sons and one daughter. URNELL, Grorce WASHINGTON, Lawyer and Landowner, of Snow Hill, Worcester County, Maryland, was born in that place in the year 1841. His parents were William Undrill and Eleanor Horsey (Robins) Purnell. His descent on both sides is from the earliest settlers of our country. He is the seventh in descent from Thomas Purnell, who in 1664 came from Beckley, Northamptonshire, England, and set- tled on an estate called “ Fairfield,’ in Worcester County, which is still in the possession of a member of the family. His mother was the daughter of James B. and Elizabeth (Horsey) Robins. The earliest American representative of the Robins family was Obedience Robins, who, with 431 his brother George, settled in Virginia, on the James River, in 1621. He afterward removed to Northampton County, in the same State, and his grandson, Thomas, came to Worcester County, Maryland, at the close of the seven- teenth century. The families of Robins and Purnell have been connected by marriage for the last century, and it is an incident worthy of note that both families were origin- ally from the same county in England, and resided con- tiguously. George Washington Purnell is the eighth in descent from Obedience Robins. He commenced attend- ing school at the age of six years. When in his twelfth year he had the misfortune to lose both his parents. His brother, Littleton R. Purnell, was appointed his guardian, and at fourteen years of age he was placed at the Snow Hill Academy, where the late Hon. C. L. Vallandigham taught in early life. Here he spent three years in pre- paring for college, and in his seventeenth year entered the University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, in that State. The place proved very unfavorable to his health, and he was compelled to leave in consequence at the end of the first year. In the autumn of 1859, he entered the Sopho- more class at Princeton College, New Jersey. His health became re-established, and for two years he pursued his studies in happy anticipations of graduating with credit to himself and his friends, when in 1861 the storm of civil war broke in upon the quiet of cloistered and academic seclusion as well as upon the stirring scenes of more active life. His class, numbering ninety-four, was nearly broken up; half of them were from the other side of Mason and Dixon’s line. The sympathies of young Purnell were with the South, and he left Princeton with his comrades, going first to his home, and afterward, without the knowledge of his guardian and friends, he proceeded further South, and entered the Confederate Army as a private in the First Maryland Cavalry. Afterward he was promoted to an Ad- jutancy in the Second Maryland Cavalry, serving nearly three years, thirteen months of which he spent asa prisoner on Johnson’s Island, Lake Erie. In consequence of his being an officer and declining to take the oath after Lee’s surrender, he did not obtain his liberty till late in June, 1865. He then tried to interest himself in mercantile pur- suits, but finding his tastes were not for that kind of busi- ness, he began in the spring of 1867 the study of law in the office of John R. Franklin, afterward Judge Franklin, of Snow Hill. In the autumn of that year he entered the Law Department of the University of Virginia, and re- mained until the next May, when he returned home and was the same month admitted to the bar. The following August he opened an office and commenced the practice of the law, in which he still continues. Mr, Purnell has been very successful as a lawyer, and has a large and growing practice in his district. He is an enthusiast in his profes- sion, and delights especially in the preparation of cases, and in bringing them before the court. He is personally pleasing, an indefatigable worker, and his increasing popu- 432 larity and success are the natural result of well-directed effort and an agreeable manner. Notwithstanding the part he took in the late war, he disclaims the idea of partisan- ship; while tenacious of his own views, he willingly ac- cords the fullest liberty to others in their political opinions. Mr. Purnell married, in 1870, Margaret D., daughter of Edward H. Bowen, a member of the Snow Hill bar, who died in 1848. They have three children. Mr. Purnell is the owner of over one thousand acres of land in Worcester County. SWRGELDER, Basix S., son of Thomas and Elizabeth SMG (Spaulding) Elder, was born in Frederick County, ONS Maryland, October 29, 1773, and died October 13, D. 1869, within a few days of attaining the age of P ninety-six years. His grandfather, William Elder, died in 1775 at the age of sixty-eight. His grave is at the family homestead, not far from Mt. St. Mary’s College. In the early part of this century his father removed, with all his family excepting Basil, from Frederick County to the neighborhood of Bardstown, Kentucky, where he died in 1832, at the age of eighty-five. His wife died in 1848, at the age of ninety-five. Basil S. Elder received a rudi- mentary education in the common country schools of his day, and when quite young came to Baltimore to take a clerkship in the store of his uncle, William Spaulding, with whom, after a few years, he was taken into partner- ship. They carried on an extensive grocery and produce business, under the frm name of Spaulding & Elder, on Howard Street, adjoining the old Wheatfield Inn, now the Howard House. At the death of Mr. Spaulding in 1810, “Mr. Elder formed a copartnership with the late Joseph Taylor, and the firm assumed the name of Elder & Taylor. They continued the country grocery business for eighteen years, during which time they inaugurated and developed a new and very important feature in the business of the city, as forwarding merchants, receiving by the Boston and New York packets large quantities of goods, which they forwarded by six-horse teams over the Alleghany Mountains, to Pittsburg and Wheeling on the Ohio River, to be thence freighted by steamboats to their destination at Cincinnati, Louisville, and other points. The copartner- ship with Mr. Taylor was dissolved in 1828, and Mr. Elder took his eldest son into the business, which was continued under the firm name of B.S. Elder & Son, until gradually the inauguration of rail transportation superseded the for- warding business. Mr. Elder was married in 1801 to Elizabeth M. Snowden, daughter of Francis Snowden, of Branton, Baltimore County. She died in 1860, after a married life of fifty-nine years. They had thirteen chil- dren, three of whom died in infancy. Of the remaining ten, seven sons and three daughters, one daughter and seven sons survive, whose united ages would be five hun- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. dred and eighteen years. The eldest, a daughter now in the seventy-sixth year of her age, has been for nearly sixty years a Sister of Charity in the Mother House of that community, St. Joseph’s, at Emmettsburg. One son, Wil- liam Henry, now sixty years of age, and next to the youngest of all the children, was consecrated Bishop of Nat- chez, Mississippi, in May, 1857, and has recently been appointed by Pope Leo XIII as coadjutor, with the right of succession, to the present Archbishop of San Francisco. All the other sons, except Francis, the eldest, have settled in the West and South. Mr. Elder was born and brought up in the Catholic Church, of which he was an exemplary member throughout his long life. His wife was noted for her deeds of charity to the poor and to the orphan. He was one of the original incorporators and trustees of the Cathe- dral, and enjoyed the personal friendship and social inter- course of Archbishops Carroll, Mareschal, and their suc- céssors in the archiepiscopal office. Mr. Elder never held nor sought any public office. He was noted for his humane and charitable disposition and even temper. He was iden- tified with the old Savings Bank, from its incipiency, and continued to be an active director in that institution until declining years rendered him incapable of active service, when he relinquished the trust with great reluctance. He was not conspicuous in politics, but was a persistent voter to a very late period of his life. After going through the various party phases of the early portion of- this century, he finally closed his days an earnest adherent of the Democratic party. His military record is embraced in the expedition of General Washington to quell the Whiskey Insurrection, as it was called, in Western Penn- sylvania, and to his participation in the defence of Balti- more in the last war with England, notably at the battle of North Point. His chief characteristic was his devotion to his religion and his probity as a merchant. In his letters to his children he scarcely ever failed to impress upon them the Gospel injunction, “ What doth it profit a man to gain the whole world and lose his own soul ?””? With this sentiment always in his heart he could not fail to attain an enviable distinction in the community as a good, upright, and useful citizen, one of nature’s noblemen. In 1851 he celebrated his golden wedding in Baltimore, on which occasion were assembled all his children and grand- children, numbering over thirty persons, ULIVANE, Hon. CLement, Lawyer, Editor, and Dy State Senator, the eldest child of Dr. Vans Mur- } ray and Octavia (Van Dorn) Sulivane, was born in ie. Port Gibson, Claiborne County, Mississippi, August 20, 1838. His father’s family were descended from Major James Sulivane, an Irish officer in one of the regi- ments of King James, who removed to this country, and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. settled in Dorchester County, Maryland, in 1693. All the families of his descendants have from that time lived and died in that county, with the exception only of a great uncle of the subject of our sketch, who was also named Clement Sulivane, and who was a Captain in the United States Army, and who was killed at Black Rock in the war of 1812, and of Dr. Sulivane, the father of Senator Suli- vane, who lost his life by violence in Port Gibson, Mis- sissippi, where he had married and settled. The associa- tions of the place were made by the circumstances of his death so trying to his widow, that she with her two infant children, Clement Sulivane, and his sister, still younger, removed to Cambridge, Maryland, the former home of her husband, and ever afterwards resided with his family. Dr. Sulivane was named for a maternal great uncle, Vans Murray, who was Minister to France and Holland under the administration of the first President Adams. Mrs. Sulivane was the daughter of Judge Van Dorn, of Port Gibson, Mississippi. The Van Dorns are numerous in New York and New Jersey, where they have lived since the early Dutch settlements, and have occupied every position in life. The maternal grandmother of Senator Sulivane was Miss Donaldson, of Tennessee, who was the niece of Mrs. General Andrew Jackson, and the adopted daughter of herself and husband. Governor William Grason, of Queen Anne’s County, was an uncle by mar- riage of Senator Sulivane. The latter was always of a studious disposition; he was brought up and educated at Cambridge. When fourteen years of age, he spent one year at Northampton, Massachusetts, followed by a year at Princeton, New Jersey, where he stood second in his class; and this was succeeded by two years at the Uni- versity of Virginia. He then studied law with Hon. Charles F. Goldsborough in Cambridge, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1860. The next April he en- listed in Company A, of the Tenth Mississippi Regiment, at Pensacola, Florida, and in July of the same year, was transferred, on application, to Company B, of the Twenty- first Virginia Regiment, at Richmond. In November, 1861, he was appointed First Lieutenant and Aide-de- Camp, on the staff of General Carl Van Dorn, his mother’s brother, at Manassas, having been called for that purpose ‘from West Virginia, where he was a private soldier under General R. E. Lee. He accompanied General Van Dorn to Arkansas, in January, 1862, and served with him until May, 1863, when the General was killed at Spring Hill, Tennessee. battles in the West, from March, 1861, to May, 1863, in- cluding the battles of Elk Horn or Pea Ridge, Farmington, Corinth, Vicksburg, etc. He had three horses killed under him, but never received a wound. In May, 1863, he was ordered East, and assigned to duty as Assistant Adjutant- General on the staff of Brigadier-General G. W. E. Lee, eldest son of General R. E. Lee, then commanding the defences. of Richmond, and took part in repelling the Lieutenant Sulivane was in all the principal | 433 cavalry raids made against the city. With two regiments of his command he drove back the night attack of Colonel Dahlgren, March, 1, 1864. He was promoted Captain in July, 1864, and Chief of Staff to Brigadier-General Lee. In January, 1865, he was promoted Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel the following March, and was recom- mended as Brigadier-General, and the appointment was ordered to be made by President Davis, but the Con- federate Army retreated from Richmond before the neces- sary papers had been sent to receive the signature of the President. The military career of Colonel Sulivane ended with the surrender of Lee’s army, and he was paroled and returned to his home at Cambridge, where he has since resided, practicing his profession in partnership with the Hon. Daniel M. Henry, member of Congress from the First District of Maryland. In 1871 he became, and has since continued, the editor and proprietor of Zhe Cam- bridge Chronicle, a long-established and influential weekly paper, which has lost none of its prestige in the hands of its present owner. Through its columns he is the efficient promoter of every good and worthy cause, and both by word and pen exerts a strong influence in the favor and support of every public improvement. He has been a member of the National Democratic party from his youth, and was for seven years Chairman of the Executive Com- mittee for his county, until, in November, 1877, he was elected State Senator from Dorchester County for four years. Senator Sulivane has been a member of the Knights of Pythias for several years, and of the A. F. and F. M. since August, 1876. He has always been at- tached to the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was mar- ried, November 26, 1868, to Delia B. Hayward, only daughter of Dr. William B. Hayward, who has been Commissioner of the Land Office of Maryland since Jan- uary, 1870. The office of Dr. Hayward will expire in 1880, he having been three times appointed to it by successive governors of Maryland. Senator Sulivane has three chil- dren, He is a man of fine physique; well known for his outspoken manliness of character, and as a prominent mem- ber of the Dorchester bar; also as one of the most public- spirited, and enterprising citizens of Cambridge. % ICHARDSON, CHARLES CHESTERFIELD, M.D., R was born in Howard County, Maryland, August 10, 1831. He was the third son in a family of t fifteen children, some of whom still survive. His $ father, Dr. Charles Richardson, a native of the same A -county, graduated at the Maryland University in 1816, and for fifty-one years practiced in that county. He was suc- cessful in his profession, and highly esteemed as a man of learning, being the author of several medical and scientific works, among which may be mentioned a volume on the 434 potato disease, when that scourge first made its appear- ance; also a volume on the cholera epidemic. He died in 1871, full of years and honors. The family descended from George Richardson, a Welsh nobleman, whose coat of arms is in Dr. Richardson’s possession, and some of whose descendants, near relatives of the latter, are the pro- prietors of the Bank of Richardson, Spencer & Co., Liver- pool, England, He has also German and English blood in his veins. His mother was Julia A., daughter of Samuel Smith, a prosperous shipping and commission merchant of Baltimore. He received his early education at an Acad- emy in Brookville, Montgomery County, and at St. Tim- othy’s Hall, in Baltimore County. He was trained to medicine from his boyhood, his father being an enthusiast in the science, and he inheriting the same passion. He had also an elder brother, Samuel, who studied for the same profession, and graduated at the Maryland Univer- sity in 1848. Dr. Charles Richardson read with his father, and became practically acquainted with the medical art, after which he passed through the usual course at the above University, and received the degree of M.D. in 1855. Deciding to remain in Baltimore he settled at once, and soon secured a good practice, which has continued to in- crease. He is a general practitioner, has no specialties; is a popular and trusted family physician. He has little taste for surgery, still has had his full share of remarkable cases, and of success in their treatment. He has the same natural gift in the healing art which his father possessed, and which has made them both so successful. He is now in the prime of life and at the height of his usefulness. For several years Dr. Richardson took much interest and a very active part in politics, especially during the great reform which rescued the city from the hands of the mobs under Know-Nothing rule. Mayor George W. Brown, now Judge of the Supreme Court of Baltimore, appointed him Assistant Health Commissioner. He was also for a time a member of the School Board from the Sixteenth Ward. His marriage with Harriet A. Councilman, of Baltimore, took place in 1856. They have a son and a daughter, Harry and Nellie. WeUMP, Hon. CHares MEpDForD, son of Charles and ‘ e Margaret (Pratt) Jump, was born January 3, 1829, ~? in Talbot County, where he still resides. His i father was engaged in the war of 1812. He was a man highly regarded in the community, but would never accept any office, though repeatedly solicited to do so. The grandfather of Hon. Charles M. Jump was a- Colonel in the Revolutionary war. When brought under fire at the battle of Germantown his regiment fled, but he rallied them, brought them into action, and inspired by his example, they fought bravely to the end of the conflict. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He was promoted for his bravery and meritorious service on this occasion. He left at his death a family of fourteen children, eight sons and six daughters, all married. The maternal grandfather of the subject of our sketch left five daughters, three of whom married three brothers of the name of Jump; two cousins of whom, also bearing that name, married the remaining daughters. The education of Charles M. Jump, well begun at the primary schools in the vicinity of his home, was finished at the Military Acad- emy at Oxford, Talbot County, where he devoted himself to mathematics, Latin, and the higher branches of study. At this school he underwent a very strict discipline, learning to work hard in youth in the field and to practice economy. He was very fond of hunting, and had a -de- cided taste for mechanical pursuits. After leaving school he built a house, hewing all the timbers himself, and com- menced farming the following year, 1852. He has re- mained to the present time at the same place, engaged in the same occupation. In 1866 he was elected to the Senate of Maryland, in which he served on the Pension Commit- tee and in the Examination of Applicants, also on the Com- mittee on Agriculture, and on the Engrossing Committee. In 1869 Mr. Jump was re-elected to the Senate and served until 1873. In 1877 he was elected County Commis- sioner for two years. April 4, 1874, he joined the Patrons of Husbandry, and was Master of the Chapel Grange for two years. In 1860he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which denomination he had always been attached, and in 1867 connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In politics he has always been a Democrat. He claims the privilege of de- ciding for himself of the personal fitness of those who re- ceive his suffrages at the polls, and believes that no politi- cal organization should have the power to fill the offices with men who have no other than party claims. Mr. Jump was married, July 19, 1853, to Mary Henrietta, daughter of Philip Morgan, of Caroline County. They have five daughters; the second, Anna Pauline, is the wife of Rev. George S. Lightner, of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, now preaching in Baltimore. July 19, 1878, being the twenty-fifth anniversary of their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Jump celebrated their silver wedding, their five daugh- ters serving as bridesmaids. Mr. Jump is regarded as a man of superior intelligence, and is an honored member of his: Church. Ce CHRISTOPHER CHRISTIAN, A.M., M.D., LL.D., 1 was born in Baltimore, Maryland, August 28, 1816. a His father, Luther James Cox, a native of Queen H Anne’s County, early engaged in mercantile pursuits L in the city, and became known as a high-toned and prosperous merchant. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and an acceptable local min- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ister of that denomination. The mother of Dr. Cox was Maria Catharine, daughter of Christian and Susanna Kee- ner, and sister to Christian and David Keener, who are remembered by many as prominent among the most enter- prising and useful citizens of their day. Mrs. Cox was a cultivated and pious woman, possessed of fine literary taste and faithful in the discharge of every duty. Young C. C. Cox was sent at an early age to the best seminaries of learning in his native city, and was devoted to his books, excelling in the study of the classics. In 1833 he entered the Junior Class at Yale College, from which institution he was honorably graduated in 1835. Among his college mates were William M. Evarts, Chief Justice Waite, and the late minister to England, Edwards Pierrepont. He had decided to enter upon the study of law, to which his tastes early inclined him, and in which profession his large intellectual resources, clear analytical mind, and fine ora- torical powers would doubtless have secured for him brilliant success, but having become fascinated by the acci- dental perusal of a celebrated French treatise on physi- ology, he suddenly abandoned the law and prosecuted with much zeal the study of medicine. Before the com- pletion of his medical course he was married to Amanda, daughter of Clarke Northrop, of New Haven, Connecticut, a lady of rare accomplishments and superior mental en- dowments. After receiving the degree of Doctor of Medi- cine from the Washington Medical University, at Balti- more, in 1838, he entered at once upon the practice of this profession in the city of his birth. In consequence, however, of seriously impaired health, he soon located in Baltimore County, where he continued to practice labori- ously and successfully until his removal to Talbot County, in the fall of 1843, where the largest portion of his pro- fessional life has been spent. Here he became at once firmly established. His rides extended over an immense geographical area, and he was recognized in and out of the State as a physiciau and surgeon of marked ability. In 1848 he was invited to the chair of Institutes of Medicine and Hygiene in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, but in the succeeding year resigned the position and resumed his duties in Talbot. He became especially active about this time in his efforts to elevate the standard of the profession in his adopted county, and for this purpose organized a flourishing local medical society, over which he presided for anumber of years. In 1851 he was elected President of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, embrac- ing within its membership the best talent of the State, and to this day ranking among the leading scientific organiza- tions of the country. About this time he became interested in the political questions then being agitated, and soon ac- quired reputation as a vigorous writer and speaker. His affiliations had always been with the Whig party, whose principles he cherished and ardently advocated. In 1855 he was with great unanimity nominated for Congress in the First District of Maryland, by the convention which as- 435 sembled at Cambridge, but for reasons of a personal nature the proffered honor was declined. Two years later he was again nominated, and entered upon a spirited canvass in opposition to Hon. James A. Stewart, then a prominent Democratic member of the House of Representatives, and now one of the Judges of the State Appellate Court. Ex- traordinary means were employed to return Mr. Stewart to Congress (where the two political parties were very nicely balanced), and the result was the defeat of Dr. Cox by a moderate majority. In 1861 he was aroused to a sense of the peril which threatened the existence of the government, and although most of his friends and relatives sympathized with the Southern movement, he assumed a manly attitude against the rebellion and in defence of the Union. His bold and earnest course lost him many ad- herents, and sensibly diminished his success as a practi- tioner of medicine. In October, after passing an exami- nation, he was appointed Brigade Surgeon, U. S, A., and assigned to the medical directorship of Lockwood’s Bri- gade, then occupying the counties of Accomac and North- ampton, in Eastern Virginia. Early in the following year he was ordered to Baltimore as one of an Army Board or- ganized for the examination of candidates for medical ser- vice in the war, and also as Chairman of the Board for the Inspection of Invalid Officers. In April, 1862, he received the appointment of Medical Purveyor of the Middle Mili- tary Department, located at Baltimore, a position of much labor and responsibility. In the same year he was made Surgeon-General of Maryland, with the rank of Colonel of Cavalry. The addition of this office greatly enlarged his sphere of duty. In the midst of these important gov- ernment cares and labors he was not unmindful of the claims of his profession, in which he continued to feel a lively interest. Accordingly, we find him, in 1863, reading two valuable papers before the American Medical Associa- tion at Chicago (now published in the printed Transactions), at which meeting he was unanimously elected Vice-Presi- dent of that distinguished body of physicians and scientists. In the autumn of 1864 Doctor Cox received the unsought and unanimous nomination of Lieutenant-Governor of Maryland, and was elected by a vote considerably in ad- vance of the general ticket. By virtue of his office he be- came the President of the Senate, the duties of which he discharged with signal ability and impartiality. At the death of the lamented Governor Hicks, the name of Gov- ernor Cox was urged by many as his successor in the United States Senate, and the probabilities of his success were very flattering, when he concluded to retire from the competition. This step has been regarded by his friends as the serious mistake of his public life. In 1865 he was selected by President Lincoln as one of the Visiting Board at West Point, and assisted in the examinations of that year. In the spring of 1866 he madea visit to the Old World, having been accredited the first representative of the American Medical Association to the medical and sci- ° 436 entific societies of Europe. His reception by the leading men of the profession abroad was most cordial and flatter- ing. In August of that year the British Medical Associa- tion convened at the old city of Chester, on which occasion Dr. Cox was formally introduced, and delivered an elo- quent and acceptable discourse. Here he formed the ac- quaintance of many illustrious members of the profession, whose friendship he still retains. As an evidence of the appreciation of the medical men of the Old World of the representative of the New, Dr. Cox was treated with marked attention, and among the honors conferred upon him was that of honorary membership in the British Medical Asso- ciation. After an extended tour across the Continent he returned, late in the year, to his native city. In 1867 the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by the Faculty and Trustees of Trinity College, Hartford, Con- necticut. During the following year he was appointed States Commissioner of Pensions, and removed with his family to the National Capital. In 1869, having resigned government office, he was invited to take the Chair of Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene in Georgetown Medi- cal College. His lectures were regarded by those who heard them as unusually interesting and instructive, indi- cating complete acquaintance with the intricate subjects presented for discussion. In connection with other duties he edited about this time the National Medical Fournal, to which he contributed much valuable material. In 1871 Doctor Cox united with Doctors Stephens Smith, Elisha Harris, and others, who assembled at Long Branch, in es- tablishing the American Health Association, and was se- lected as a member of its first Executive Committee. In April of the same year, on the organization by Congress of a Board of Health of the District of Columbia, he was ap- pointed, by the Executive, one of its members, and immedi- ately thereafter elected its President. The zeal and ability with which he discharged the varied, delicate, and respon- sible duties of this trying position, are clearly indicated by the valuable reports and papers which, from time to time, emanated from his pen. On July 3, 1876, a Congress of Authors was convened in Independence Hall, at Philadel- phia, each of the invited writers having been previously requested to prepare a memoir of some one distinguished in the times of the Revolution. To the doctor was as- signed the life and services of Matthew Tilghman, of Mary- land. The paper was presented and deposited among the archives of the venerable cradle of liberty. In the same year he was elected as one of the Judges of the Centennial Exposition, and constituted Chairman of Group XIV, which embraced the important subjects of heating, light- ing, ventilation, drainage, and other branches in their me- chanical and sanitary relations. His library contains numer- ous diplomas of merit, and certificates of honorary mem- bership in leading literary and scientific societies, foreign and domestic. At the present time Dr. Cox is actively en- gaged in professional pursuits at Washington, prominent in BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. all useful public enterprises, and especially conspicuous in art and literary institutions. He has been a constant con- tributor for many years to medical and scientific journals, and has also devoted much time to literary pursuits. Asa poet he is especially successful in dashing off in the inter- vals of a busy life poems of rare beauty and finish. Not a few of these have been widely circulated through the press, and translated into foreign languages. As a platform speaker and lecturer he has few superiors. In politics he is a consistent Republican, and in church relations an Episcopalian. He is of medium height, and active in his movements. Socially, he is very popular, being possessed of courtly manners; endowed with a kind and sympathetic nature, he is quick to respond to the appeals of suffering humanity, and his frequent and unostentatious acts of benevolence will be long remembered. Dr. and Mrs. Cox have had eight children, one of whom is a physician in Southern California. anthropist, was born November 4, 1814, near Aber- deen, Harford County, Maryland. His parents, James and Sarah Griffith, were married August 11, 1803. They had eight children, of whom only three are living. His father was a volunteer in the United States Army for a very short time, when General Ross, at the head of the British troops, advanced towards Washing- ton and Baltimore in 1814. The exposure of camp life ruined his health, and he died soon after his return home, when the subject of this sketch was but a few months old. Two years after, the widow became the wife of Henry Michael. The issue of that marriage was six children, four The property left by his father, which would have yielded a moderate competency, was not judiciously managed, and it gradually disappeared. The change of circumstances induced the family to remove to Baltimore, At that time Goldsborough was not more than twelve years of age, but he fully realized the necessity of exertion on the part of himself and brothers. He soon ob- tained a situation and entered upon the active duties of life with all the courage, industry, and perseverance which have marked his course in every undertaking to the present period. For several years he was with A. and J. Bonn, tobacco manufacturers. These gentlemen were so well pleased with his integrity, honesty, and faithful discharge of duty, that they always added a small amount over and above his stipulated weekly dues. They also offered him inducements to remain with them until the age of twenty- one, and promised that at the expiration of that time, they would establish him in business. Their kind offer was not accepted, as the tobacco trade was not congenial to his taste. He, however, manifested the deepest gratitude for their generous intentions and interest in his welfare. Mr. (MW RIFFITH, GotpssoroucH S., Merchant and Phil- wy), Se of whom remain. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Thomas Spicer, his Sunday-school teacher, recommended and introduced him to Mr. Archibald Golder, with whom he learned the paperhanging business. He became such an expert in that line that at the age of nineteen years he was earning from twenty to forty dollars per week. Mr. Golder granted him many advantages, and when he was twenty years old he offered him a copartnership with his brother Robert Golder, whom he was about to establish in Phila- delphia. Although this opportunity was urged for his ac- ceptance, he could not see his way clear to leave Balti- more, and therefore declined. His mother had become a confirmed invalid, and needed his presence and influence at home. The support of the family principally devolved upon him, his brothers having left for other States. At the age of twenty-two he selected a partner who thoroughly understood upholstering, of which he had no practical knowledge. They commenced the paperhanging and upholstery business on Baltimore Street, with good credit and five hundred dollars each, which they had saved, and soon realized three thousand dollars. At the expiration of two years, Mr. Griffith bought out the entire interest of his partner, and conducted the business on his own ac- count. It was afterwards known as a wholesale and retail paperhanging and upholstery establishment, and was con- tinued by him until 1854, when he sold out to his half brothers, Michael & Brothers. In the meantime he had embarked in other speculations that proved successful, In 1846 he started in the carpet business, his establishment, Nos. 89 and g1 Baltimore Street, being widely known be- cause of its importations from Europe, and selections from the best factories in this country. In view of his frequent absence from home, and many engagements out- side of his business proper, he associated two of his nephews with him, under the title of G. S. Griffith & Co. The firm is composed of himself, G. S. Griffith, Jr., and Thomas Riffle, a nephew by marriage. Mr. Griffith mar- ried, May 30, 1839, Elizabeth, daughter of John Felix and Frances Diirst, natives of Switzerland. Her father was born in Canton Glavis, her mother in Canton Basil. They were married in Baltimore, and had twelve children, only three of whom are living. In his marriage relation, Mr Griffith has been very happy. Mrs. Griffith being a lady of education, refinement, and good judgment, has filled with marked ability every position which they have been called upon to occupy, especially during the late war, at which time she rendered energetic and material aid in the work of the Christian Commission. She has been at all times a ready and willing coadjutor to her husband in every phil- anthropic work. She graduated at Deer Creek Seminary, Harford County, in the closing session of 1837, and was con firmed by Rev. Elias Heiner, D.D., in the First German Re- formed Church in Baltimore, on Good Friday, 1838. Mr. Diirst, Mrs. Griffith’s father, was a merchant in Cologne, onthe Rhine. The house is still widely known under the tittle of Gebruder Diirst. He was a strong advocate of 56 437 liberty, and could not endure remaining under the invading rule of Napoleon Bonaparte, who was overrunning Ger- many at the time. He therefore came to America, and his love for his adopted country manifested itself by his par- ticipation in the struggle at North Point, September, 1814, more than two years before he was admitted to the rights and privileges of an American citizen. He died March 5, 1838, in his fifty-second year. His widow survived him twenty years, and died at the age of sixty-four. Mr. Griffith deserves particular mention for his entire freedom from ostentation ; while his manner and style of living de- note good taste, there is no attempt at display or desire to court public favor, No financial success or testimonials of appreciation have led him from the path of Christian humility. His career of philanthropic usefulness began at a very early age; and for the past twenty-five years he has been distinguished as the principal mover in many reforms in Baltimore and other parts of the State. From an au- thentic record we find that Mr. Griffith has contributed sixty thousand dollars during the past fifteen years to pri- vate and public benevolence. He has never charged any society or the State with any expense incurred by travel- ling in the interests of a society, or as a Commissioner of the State. In his church relations he holds a prominent position. He is an elder of the First Reformed Church on Calvert Street, and for more than twenty-four years has been a Delegate to the meetings of Synod, and of the Maryland Classis. He is an active member of the Publi- cation Board of that denomination in Philadelphia; and was elected a Trustee of Franklin Marshall College, at Lancaster, the late James Buchanan, ex-President of the United States, being its chief officer at the time. He is also a member of the Board of Home Missions of the Synod of-the Potomac, and of the Board of Foreign Mis- sions connected with the General Synod of the Reformed Church of the United States. In the summer of 1856 he attended as an American Representative the Evangelical Alliance at Lubeck, Germany, and in September, 1857, a very important Alliance at Berlin, which occasion the King of Prussia honored with his presence. At its close a special train conveyed the entire delegation on a visit to the palace at Potsdam, where it was entertained with a bountiful collation; after which the delegates all assembled in a court in front of the palace, a line was formed, the Americans being placed at the head, there being just the number to represent all the States of the Union. The King and Queen then appeared and moved along the line, his Majesty addressing each nation sepa- rately, to which a suitable response was made by the Presi- dent of the Alliance, Rev. E. Kuntze, pastor of the Gar- nison Kirche, in which the Conference convened. In the Sunday-school department Mr. Griffith holds an im- portant position, being President of the Maryland Sunday- school Union; and is a member of the Sunday-school Board of the Potomac Synod. He has also been a mem- 438 ber of the Board of Managers of the Maryland Tract Society for twenty-seven years, and long idéntified with the Young Men’s Christian Association and temperance movements. Of the latter he has been a warm advocate from his youth up. Mr. Griffith, in co-operation with the late William A. Wisong and R. M. Janney, called the first meeting with a view to the organization of the Children’s Aid Society, which was effected September 18, 1860, and afterwards endowed with one hundred thousand dollars from the estate of the late Henry Watson. This noble charity receives and cares for poor destitute children, sent to it by parents or friends, or committed by magistrates ; and by means of the Henry Watson endowment, it has added to the Children’s Department a Sewing Machine De- partment, which was organized February 13, 1871, for the purpose of teaching sewing, free of charge, to any poor respectable girl who might apply for instruction. In this department there are twenty-two sewing machines in con- stant operation, most of which have been loaned gratis. Sewing with the ordinary needle is also taught. This branch of the society has proved a most gratifying success, as many young girls who were instructed there are now filling remunerative situations as seamstresses, dressmakers, machine operators, and even nursery governesses. This endowment has also enabled the directors to connect with the others a Girl’s Home Department, and a Department for Instruction in Cutting and Fitting Garments. Mr. Griffith is a member of the Board of Managers, and is in- tensely interested in its objects and prosperity. He has filled numerous positions of honor and trust in other be- nevolent enterprises; such as Commissioner on the part of the city to visit the Industrial School for Girls; Trustee of the Union Protestant Infirmary; Member of the Board of Managers of the Boy’s Home Society, and also of the House of Reformation and Instruction for Colored Boys. Of this latter institution he was one of the earliest in se- curing the co-operation of the General Assembly of Mary- land in its establishment, because of the large number of children of this class whom he found in the jails and peni- tentiary. This institution is under excellent management, and accomplishing a work of reform calling for the utmost liberality on the part of the Baltimore City Council and the General Assembly of the State. He was one of the official visitors of the jail in 1865, ’66 and ’67 under Hon. John Lee Chapman, Mayor. Inthe prison reform movement Mr. Griffith is distinguished and widely known. He organized the Maryland Prisoners’ Aid Association, April 18, 1869, which was incorporated in March, 1873, and has served as its President from the beginning. He is also one of the Board of Directors of the National Prison Association of New York. He received a commission from his Excel- lency Governor William Pinkney Whyte, to represent the State of Maryland at the International Penitentiary Con- gress, held in London, July 3-13, 1872, which was pre- sided over by the Right Honorable Earl of Caernarvon. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. The occasion was also honored by the presence of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who gave the for- eign delegates a warm welcome, and to whom they were individually presented. On the following week they were cordially entertained at the residence of the Right Rev- erend Archbishop Manning, who attended the Congress, Mr. Griffith presented to the International Executive Com- mittee a paper on the public and benevolent institutions of Maryland, which he had prepared concisely and with care. It was ordered to be printed in pamphlet form, and was afterwards compiled in the Report of the Congress—a large volume containing eight hundred octavo pages. On Mr. Griffith’s return to Baltimore he submitted a report of the proceedings, debates, and conclusions of the Congress, and of his visits to the convict prisons under the system intro- duced by Hon. Sir Walter Crofton. He has also attended each of the National Prison Congresses held in this country, and on each occasion was elected one of the vice-presidents. The first convened in Cincinnati, October 12-18, 1870, and was presided over by Governor Hayes of Ohio, now President of the United States. The second was held in Baltimore, January 21-23, 1872. The third met at St. Louis, May 13-16, 1874, and the fourth in New York, June 6-9, 1876. He was appointed by Governor Carroll, one of the commissioners to represent Maryland at the International Prison Congress in Stockholm, in August, 1878. In his official capacity as President of the Maryland Prisoners’ Aid Association, Mr. Griffith has made annual tours of inspection to all the penal and pauper institutions throughout the State, and is, therefore, perfectly familiar with the construction of each and the particular condition of the inmates. Through his earnest efforts a Sunday- school was established in the Penitentiary in January, 1859, under the efficient superintendence of Mr. William A. Wisong, with a faithful corps of teachers. It is regu- larly attended by nearly all the convicts, who feel it a privilege to be present. The singing is a very pleasant and enjoyable feature of its work. With Dr. Charles F. Percivall at the organ, the sacred songs are sung in genu- ine congregational style by the‘whole school. Mr. Grif- fith never fails to be present at Divine service in the after- noon of every Sabbath when he is in the city, and assumes the duty of securing ministers to officiate on these occa- sions, as the State makes no provision for a moral in- structor or chaplain. At this public service the convicts are encouraged to unite in the singing; and it has been satisfactorily demonstrated that the exercise of this priv- ilege has a most powerful effect in breaking down stub- born wills; and one here and another there has been fre- quently seen melted to tears by the loud-swelling chorus of their fellow-convicts in singing praises to God. Mary- land has no law providing for the appointment of inspect- ors ora board of commissioners to thoroughly examine and supervise its penal, pauper, and reformatory insti- tutions. Neither has any provision been made for the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. secular, religious, and moral improvement of her criminal and pauper population; hence the importance of such an institution as the Maryland Prisoners’ Aid Association, which is supported entirely by voluntary contributions of our generous citizens. The aim of the Association is to reach the heart and gain the will of the prisoner to co- operate in his own reform, and under the power of the Gospel to develop in his mind a moral sense of his duty to God and to society, and by timely aid place him in a condition where he can, through his own exertion, earn an honest living. Mr. Griffith is now in the sixteenth con- secutive year of his Presidency of the Maryland Sunday- school Union. He has been identified with Sunday-schools as pupil and teacher for fifty years. At the age of four- teen, he entered the Sunday-school of St. Peter’s Church, of which Dr. I. P. K. Henshaw, afterwards Bishop of Rhode Island, was then pastor, Mr. William Woodward, Super- intendent of the school, and Mr. Thomas Spicer, his faithful teacher. It was then and there he was first brought to a saving knowledge of the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. He became a teacher in that school, in which he continued, as also in a mission school, for a number of years, until in the providence of God he was led to take charge of the Normal Bible Class of the First Reformed Church. This class was organized, December 2, 1858, after his return from an extensive tour through Europe, accompanied by Mrs. Griffith. His labors as a Sunday-school teacher were attended with much encour- agement. One hundred and fifty-one of his scholars be- came members of church, while attending his class, fifteen of whom died in the triumphs of faith ; four are ministers of the Gospel. In his early youth, while connected with St. Peter’s Sunday-school, he was confirmed by Bishop Stone, and by that rite. he became a member of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church. In January 22, 1854, he con- nected himself with the First Reformed Church. Atseven- teen years of age he was elected President of St. Peter’s Episcopal Sunday-school Temperance Society, which was one of the first organizations of the kind in Baltimore. Mr. Griffith has been for many years Treasurer of the General Board of the Orphans’ Home of the Reformed Church, under the control of the General Synod of the United States. The Maryland Sunday-school Union was incorporated by the General Assembly of Maryland, March 9, 1846, the immunities and privileges conferred upon it to inure for the period of thirty years thereafter; but by an enactment approved April 11, 1874, they were con- tinued in force perpetually, subject to the right of the General Assembly to annul, or repeal the same at pleasure. A careful examination of the annual reports of this society most conclusively establishes the fact that the work per- formed by it is the most important and valuable auxiliary in the evangelization of the youth of the State. Indeed in some parts of Maryland, where the people are without the opportunities of secular or religious culture, such an 439 institution is necessary to prevent the children and youth from growing up as neglected as the heathen. This is especially true in the sections where the colored popula- tion largely abounds. The number of Sunday-schools organized and reorganized during the Presidency of Mr. Griffith is twelve hundred and fifty-seven. The number of teachers secured, eleven thousand seven hundred and twenty-six, and the number of scholars gathered in, eighty-three thousand eight hundred and _ ninety-two, Total, ninety-five thousand six hundred and eighteen. To carry on this work efficiently requires a large expenditure of money, as well as patient and self-denying toil, and to both of the exigencies Mr. Griffith has addressed himself asa steward of the manifold grace of God. While he has been “in labors more abundant,” his cash contribu. tions to the work of the Union have amounted to this time (1879) to eight thousand three hundred and ten dol- lars. Immediately after the breaking out of the late civil war, Mr. Griffith organized, in May, 1861, the Balti- more Christian Association, composed of fifty gentlemen, known to be loyal to the United States Government. Of this Association he was elected President. It was the first association of the kind organized. It also issued the first circular letter calling for books and funds with a view to afford physical and spiritual aid to sick and wounded soldiers, as well as to disseminate religious truths among the military encamped in and around the city, Mr. Grif- fith’s attention was first aroused to the necessity of such an association by the riots of April 19, 1861. Realizing the threatening aspect of affairs, he called a meeting of prominent gentlemen at his residence, No. 157 Calvert Street. He stated his apprehensions that a desperate struggle had commenced, which might last for years, and that many hospitals would necessarily be. established in the vicinity of Baltimore. He considered that the situation of Maryland and Virginia as border States, would render them prominent places of conflict ; that their fields would be trav~ ersed by contending armies, and stained with the blood of thousands. After some discussion and a careful considera- tion of the matter it was unanimously agreed to form such an association ; a suitable constitution was drafted and adopted, giving to it the title of Baltimore Christian Association, Mr. Griffith's energetic efficiency and prominent position in this association at once designated him as a suitable man to be elected a member of the United States Christian Com- mission, headquarters in Philadelphia, George H. Stuart, President. He was appointed chairman of an auxiliary committee in the city of Baltimore, to have the control of a central department of the work. He was accordingly elected and received his commission, September 2, 1862, Rev. George P. Hays being selected as Treasurer by Mr. Griffith, and Rev. John N. McGilton, D.D., Secretary. The commiltee was soon increased to fourteen members. The necessary accommodations for office and storage were granted by Mr. Griffith in his carpet warehouse on Balti- 440 more Street. The district assigned to the Maryland com- mittee was very extensive, as it embraced the main camps and hospitals at Annapolis, Point Lookout, a part of Dela- ware, York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Within this area many of the difficulties of the war were encountered. The agency, therefore, of the Maryland committee was not very limited as to a field of operations. It also became necessary to operate in other localities, such as Fortress Monroe, Gettysburg, and along the line of travel to Rich- mond and Petersburg. Valuable services were rendered in the Shenandoah Valley, and faithful and efficient labor- ers were sent to City Point, and the trenches near Rich- mond and Petersburg. More than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in money, hospital stores, and clothing were raised by the Maryland committee in Maryland and Pennsylvania, including the stores sent from the Commis- sion in Philadelphia. The contributions from Pennsyl- vania were collected by delegates of that State, who had visited Maryland and noted the operations of the Maryland committee. Instead of sending them to headquarters at Philadelphia, they preferred to send them direct to Balti- more. ‘The final meeting of the Maryland committee was held at Mr. Griffith’s residence, November 20, 1865. Mrs. Griffith embraced this opportunity of giving a pleasant sur- prise to the committee, by inviting other friends and officers to be present, that the winding up of their hard work might be remembered as a joyful occasion. The evening was passed in a very delightful manner. A large number were assembled ; brief speeches and responses were exchanged, delightful music was discoursed by eminent professors, and all present seemed to enjoy the entertainment, under the blessings of peace, which were being happily realized in the country, after such a long and desperate struggle. After partaking of a sumptuous repast, a few friends and citizens took this favorable occasion to present Mr. and Mrs. Griffith with a silver pitcher, goblets, and salver, an elaborate photographic album, containing the likenesses of all the prominent officers and delegates connected with the United States Christian Commission; both appropriately inscribed as testimonials of appreciation of their distin- guished labors as Christian philanthropists. On the final settlement of the accounts of the Christian Commission there was an unexpended and unappropriated balance on hand. It was a part of the money collected from Balti- more’s citizens. This balance was divided into three parts: one for the benefit of soldiers’ widows, one for the Soldiers’ Home, and the other to establish an asylum for children of deceased Maryland soldiers. To immediately promote the interests of the latter, Mr. Griffith called a meeting of prominent ladies, and on their being convened, urged the necessity of establishing such an asylum, stating that as soon as they were ready to effect such an arrange- ment, the treasurer, Mr. Hays, would pay over the desig- nated amount. The ladies earnestly co-operated in the pro- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ject, and soon established the Union Orphan Asylum, on the corner of Franklin and Schrceder streets, Miss Purvi- ance being elected President, Mrs. Griffith one of the managers. Immediately after the evacuation of Richmond, while the blood-stains were still fresh upon the battle-fields, Mr. Griffith was up and at work for the relief of the refu- gees seeking succor across our borders. He invited Rev. George P. Hays, Rev. Cyrus Dickson, D.D., Rev. E. R. Eschbach, of Baltimore, and Rev. Robert H. Williams, of Frederick, to accompany him South, with a view of ascer- taining from personal contact and observation the condi- tion and necessities of the people at Richmond, Petersburg, and other portions of the Southern country impoverished and made desolate by the war, Mr. Griffith bearing the en- tire expenses. What they saw called forth the deepest commiseration, and challenged a free distribution of the stores which they had on hand, left over from the surplus of the Christian Commission supplies. On their return to Baltimore from a second visit, in which they included the Shenandoah Valley, they organized the Maryland Union Commission, Mr. Griffith being elected President. The first meeting was held in the rooms of the Christian Com- mission, April 18, 1865, and was carried on principally by the same gentlemen who had operated with him in his be- nevolent work during the war. In less than one year the committee had raised in Baltimore, in money, provisions, and clothing, twenty-four thousand one hundred and twenty dollars, and distributed the same, in answer to appeals without number, which came up with increased earnestness from the Shenandoah Valley and neighboring sections, desolated by the ravages of war. In addition to this, Bibles, Testaments, and other books, aggregating nine thousand five hundred and ninety-seven volumes, together with three thousand religious pamphlets, were sent out for gratuitous distribution, The demand for all this was everywhere manifested. War had ploughed its furrows deep and its tracks were unmistakable. It was not want of thrift; the hand of the spoiler had been there. Homes and school- houses were in ashes, towns and cities without trade ; cur- rency was worthless, and the people were destitute of means to provide food and clothing. The means of industry were destroyed ; their fields were without grain, and the farmers were destitute of agricultural implements. Seeing no relief from this distress, only as it might come from the loyal States, led these gentlemen to the organization of the Mary- land Union Commission Much of the success of that Com- mission was due not only to Mr. Griffith’s Christian philan- thropy, but also to his energy and perseverance. He de- voted his time to it, gave office-room and storage without charge, and was one of its most generous cash contribu- tors. He called public meetings, secured the services of the most eminent speakers, and caused the aims and pur- poses of the Commission to be set before the public in their true light. The desired impression as to its perfect loyalty was created, and the co-operation of the j BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. General Government secured. He has also taken an active and deeply interested part in drafting and procuring its passage in the Legislature of a bill, providing for the establishment of a House of Correction, to be located near the city of Baltimore. The Board of Managers, of which Mr. Griffith was constituted by the Legislature a member for six years, was endued with large powers. In 1878 they met in Baltimore and organized, placing Mr. Griffith on the Executive Committee, and on Rules for the Govern- ment of the Institution. This building is now occupied by one hundred and twenty inmates. Ata regular meet- ing of the Maryland Prisoners’ Aid Association, held Jan- uary 4, 1876, Mr. Griffith caused a paper, prepared by himself, to be read, respecting the necessity of a change in the appointment of magistrates in Baltimore, particulariz- ing why a change should be made; setting forth the grand abuses of the system as it then existed, and giving reasons in detail as to the grounds of complaint. Mr. Joseph Merrefield, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Association, and Mr. Griffith had previously waited upon the Hon. C. J. M. Guinn, Attorney-General, and enlisted his hearty co- operation in the framing of a bill, and securing its passage in the Legislature changing the system. It was placed in the hands of the Hon. Frank P. Stevens of the Senate, and the Hon. John T. McGlone of the House. With the earnest efforts of Mr. Griffith, and the prompt and energetic attention of these gentlemen, it passed the Legislature, and became a law before the time for the appointment of magistrates by the Governor. Under the old system, twenty-four magistrates were appointed, each having authority to commit persons for trial who were charged with offences or merely suspected, whose compensation was derived from fees for the several cases. Asa matter of course hundreds were committed on most frivolous charges, and many on false accusations, but the fee was the same as the most important charge. The result was commitments greatly increased, and the expense to the tax- payer increased proportionately. Inquiry on the part of Mr. Griffith in his visits to the jail brought out this gross corruption, and hence the demand fora change. Under the new law, there are but six committing magistrates, who receive salaries in lieu of fees, and who are required to carefully examine charges of alleged offence, and only commit when the nature or gravity of the case requires it. As a consequence, commitments within the two years since have fallen off, so that those for 1877 were three thousand three hundred and forty-two less than in 1875, notwith- standing the large number of commitments at the time of the railroad riots. It is believed the saving to the tax- payers will be from forty thousand to fifty thousand dollars per annum. For many years Mr. Griffith has had his mind greatly exercised by the knowledge that there were a vast number of children of both sexes growing up in Baltimore, who by their pursuits of begging, peddling, and visiting low places of amusement, were preparing for lives of 441 prostitution and crime. What to do for their rescue, and to check the growing evil, was the question. He gathered all the information he could from the police force, can- vassed the law of other States, and prepared a bill cover- ing as nearly as possible all the requirements to be met, submitting it to the opinion of Hon. George William Brown, and Hon. Judge Robert Gilmor, to ascertain if its He also submitted it to Police Marshal Gray, who rendered material assistance in pressing it through the Legislature. The provisions of the bill so commended themselves to the judgment of the members of the Legislature, that it passed both Houses without an admendment; and Mr. Griffith feels assured that with the co-operation of the police officials the new law will save Baltimore the disgrace of-having scores of children ruined, and inducted into lives of degradation and crime. Since the passage of the law a society has been organized, to be known as “ The Society for the Pro- tection of Children from Cruelty and Immorality,” to aid the police in its rigid enforcement, Mr. Griffith being First Vice-President, and prominent in its Board of Managers. Mr. Griffith has been a Director in the Old Town Bank for many years, and also one of the Directors of the Wash- ington Insurance Company. He has also been appointed by the National Prison Society of France as Corresponding Member for the United States. This society is composed of the most prominent gentlemen of France, and has its headquarters in Paris. M. Dufaure, the Prime Minister, is President, and M. Desports, Secretary. We close this in- teresting record of one of Baltimore’s representative mer- chants and Christian philanthropists, in the language of one of his fellow-laborers in prison reform: ‘ We most heartily acknowledge the great assistance rendered us by the President (Maryland Prisoners’ Aid Association), Mr. provisions were constitutional. “G. S. Griffith. No man could be more devoted to a cause than he is to the work in which we are engaged. He contributes, he labors, he directs and encourages the work the whole year round. Thousands of men in high salaried positions do far less than he does. Truly he must realize that it is more blessed to give than to receive.” ARROLL, Honorasiet JoHN Leg, Governor of Maryland, was born in Baltimore, September 30, 1830. He is the third son of Charles and Mary Digges Lee, and a descendant, in the fourth genera- ? tion, of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. His grand- father was the only son of the statesman, and married the daughter of Chief Justice Chew, of Pennsylvania; he was not a public character, but was eminent for his social qualities. When Governor Carroll was three years of age his father came into possession of the great family estate 442 in Howard County, entitled the Doughoragan Manor, and removed his family thither. When his son, John Lee, was ten years of age he was sent to Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburg, Maryland, where he remained two years, and was sent to Georgetown College, D.C. After three years in this institution he went to St. Mary’s College, in Baltimore, where he remained until he had determined to make the law his profession, when, in accordance with this decision, he entered the Law Department of Harvard University. After attending lectures there for two terms he returned to Baltimore and entered the law office of Messrs. Brown & Brown, where he studied two years, and was admitted to the bar in 1851. He then went to Europe and spent a year in travelling over the Continent, spending some time in Paris, Rome, and the cities of Italy. The next year he returned and opened an office in Baltimore. In 1855 he was nominated by the Democrats of Howard County for the Legislature in opposition to the Know-Nothings. He made a very active and energetic can- vass in Howard County, but was defeated, and the State passed into the hands of the opposing party. In the fall of that year he spent some time in New York, and met his first wife, Anita, daughter of Royal Phelps, Esq., a mer- chant of that city, who in early life was engaged in busi- ness in South America, and married there a lady of Spanish descent. His daughter, Anita, was born in that country. Mr. Phelps returned to New York in 1847, and joined the house of Maitland, Kennedy & Co., which afterwards be- came the present house of Maitland, Phelps & Co. Mr. Carroll was married to Miss Phelps, April 24, 1856. He returned to Baltimore, and continued the practice of his pro- fession till the year 1859, when at the request of his father- in-law he removed with his family to New York, where, for the purpose of making the acquaintance of the lawyers of that city, he accepted the position of Deputy Clerk and United States Commissioner, in the office of George H. Betts, Clerk of the United States District Court. In 1861 the disturbances in Maryland and the enfeebled condition of his father’s health made it imperative for him to return and devote himself to the affairs of the family estate, which was a large landed property in Howard County, with two hundred slaves and all the necessary appurtenances of a large plantation. His father died in 1862, leaving Mr. Carroll the sole executor of the estate, which he’settled up during the three following. years, and divided among the heirs. In 1866, by a family arrangement, he purchased of his brother Charles, to whom it had been devised, the old homestead of Doughoragan Manor, and has since made it his home. In 1867 he was nominated by the Democratic party of his county for the State Senate, and was elected for the term of four years, taking an active and prominent part in the proceedings of that body. In 1872 he was re- turned by his constituents for another term, and at the session of the Legislature in 1874 was elected President of the Senate. In the spring of 1873 his wife died, and in BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. July, 1874, he went to Europe with his young children, placing his daughters at the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Paris, and two of his sons at the College of the Jesuits. He returned in the spring of 1875, and in July of that year was nominated by the Democratic convention for Governor of Maryland. Being successful in the canvass, which followed in November, he was inaugurated January 12, 1876, one hundred years from the time his great-grand- father, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signed the Declara- tion of Independence. In the summer of the same year, Governor Carroll, with his staff, visited the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, where, as the direct descendant of one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and holding the honorable position of chief magistrate of one of the original thirteen States, he was one of the cen- tral figures of attraction, and the recipient of distinguished attentions from the most prominent visitors on that memo- rable occasion. In April, 1877, Governor Carroll was married to Miss Mary Carter Thompson, daughter of the late distinguished Judge Lucas P. Thompson, of Staunton, Virginia. WY ORRIS, Joun Saurin, President of the First gy Ni National Bank of Baltimore, and President of the . Sheppard Asylum, was born in the city of Bal- r* timore, March 25, 1813. The ancestors of the { family were from England, and were among the earliest settlers of Harford County. His father, John Norris, came to Baltimore in his youth, and entered the counting-house of Elisha Tyson, a Friend, who was alter- wards one of the pioneers in the efforts to abolish slavery in the State of Maryland. On attaining his majority, John Norris formed a partnership with Isaac Tyson, the son of his employer, and conducted successfully a merchant mill- ing establishment, for the purpose of manufacturing flour. Failure of health, however, finally compelled him to lay aside business, and to seek its restoration in a voyage to Spain and Portugal. On his return, he erected a pleasant residence on a part of his ancestral property at Olney, Harford County, and made it his home the remainder of his life. He died in 1829, leaving three children, of whom John Saurin, the eldest, is now the only survivor. The mother, Mary (Rooker) Norris, was of English birth, and came to Baltimore with her father’s family in 1807. The children attended such country schools as the times afforded, but were chiefly indebted to the care and instruc- tion of their parents for their education. In his sixteenth year, John Saurin Norris entered the employ of Isaac Tyson, the former partner of his father, in Baltimore, and remained with him till he attained his majority. In 1836 he became the Secretary of the Merchants’ Fire Insurance Company, with which he continued until 1842, when, on account of ill-health, he resigned and removed to Olney, the home of his boyhood. In 1847 he was appointed BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Assistant Treasurer of the Savings Bank of Baltimore, and shortly afterward became the Treasurer, holding that posi- tion until 1864, at which time the First National Bank of Baltimore was organized, and Mr. Norris was appointed Cashier. Subsequently he was made Vice-President, and finally President, which office he still holds. Mr. Norris was for many years the Recording Secretary and an active member of the Maryland Historical Society, and has always retained a warm interest in its affairs. The late Moses Sheppard, shortly after obtaining a charter incor- porating the Sheppard Asylum, requested Mr. Norris to accept the Presidency of the institution. He complied, and the Asylum still enjoys the benefit of his kind, disin- terested, and efficient services. Time is required for the carrying out of the terms of Mr. Sheppard’s bequest, but everything is being done in strict accordance with the wishes of the deceased benefactor. The position which Mr. Norris holds in society has for many years brought him into intimate relations with the best people of Balti- more. Possessing a happy facility in the relation of anec- dotes and reminiscences, it is exceedingly interesting to listen to him as he recalls scenes and incidents of the past. Mr. Norris was united in marriage in 1838 to Henrietta, the youngest child of his early employer, and his father’s friend, Isaac Tyson.. They have four children, Isaac T., John Olney, Mary, and Henrietta. onan, EW2ENRY, Governor JOHN, was born in 1750, in DY 2? Kent County, Maryland, and was graduated at a3 ~~“ Princeton College in 1769. He represented Mary- a land in the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1781, and from 1784 to 1787, and in the Senate of the United States from March 4, 1789, until his election, in 1797, as Governor of Maryland, succeeding Hon. John H. Stone, and held that position one term, and was suc- ceeded by Benjamin Ogle. He died at Easton, Maryland, in December, 1798. He married Margaret Campbell, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Goldsborough) Camp- bell, and had two sons, viz., John Campbell Henry, who married Miss Steele, and Francis Jenkins Henry. LM of Virginia. In early life he distinguished him- me self as a gallant Revolutionary officer; subse- ; @ quently, from 1782 to 1785, represented his native 4 & $ State in the Continental Congress, and resided at his estate, “‘ Marlboro,” on the Potomac, where all his children were born. His wife inherited “ Cedar Park,” in Maryland, and he removed to that estate. He was an in- timate and trusted friend of Thomas Jefferson, and warmly ERCER, GovEeRNoR JOHN FRANCIS, was a native 443 espoused the political doctrines of that great statesman. He attained eminence, popularity, and great influence in Maryland, and represented the State in the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, but did not sign that instrument. He was a member of Con- gress from December 2, 1793, to March 3, 1795, and in 1801 succeeded Hon. Benjamin Ogle as Governor of Maryland, and was succeeded, in 1803, by Robert Bowie. He died in 1821, in Philadelphia. He married, in 1785, Sophia Sprigg, daughter of Richard and Margaret (Caile) Sprigg, and had three children, viz., Colonel John Mercer, who married Mary Swann; a son, who died at sea, in 1810; and one daughter, Margaret Mercer. Wao LOYD, Governor Epwarp, was born July 22, De 1779, at Wye House, in Talbot County, Mary- “ came to that place in early life from Sussex County, Delaware, and married Margaret, daughter of Benjamin Chairs, a descendant of one of the earliest set- tlers of this portion of the Province of Maryland. She was among the early Methodists of the Eastern Shore, having joined that Church when very young, and was a woman of intelligence and piety. Her death took place in 1808, when her son was but three yeats old. His father also dying four years later, he was brought up by his mother’s sister, Mrs. Harriet Bruscup. He attended the district school of his native locality till his twelfth year, when, upon the removal of his aunt to Centreville, his education was continued four years longer in the academy of that town. In 1821 he went to Philadelphia, and engaged as an apprentice with Benjamin Wiley, car- penter and builder, with whom he served four years, after which he worked with him as journeyman until his twenty- fifth year. His half-brother, John Chairs, dying in 1827, left him an estate in his native county, called the “ Hermi- tage,” two and a half miles south of Church Hill, con- taining two hundred and seventeen acres. Of this estate he took charge in 1829, and from that time devoted himself to agriculture. The “ Hermitage,” where he has now re- sided for fifty years, is a very valuable and highly im- proved property. Mr. McCollister served a number of years as a Magistrate, being appointed to that office by Governor Grayson, and was for four years one of the Judges of the Orphans’ Court of Queen Anne’s County. In 1860 he was elected a member of the House of Dele- gates from his county, on the Union ticket, and served in the session of that year. He was an uncompromising Union man, and gave all his influence to the support of measures to avert the threatened disintegration of the States. In 1868 Mr. McCollister was elected a Director of the Queen Anne’s and Kent Railroad, in which capacity he continued to serve until it passed into the hands of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Com- pany in 1874. The integrity and uprightness of his char- acter, both in public and private life, has at all times given him the fullest respect and confidence of the community. His first wife was Evalina, daughter of Dr. Andrew Hall, of Millington, Kent County. She died in 1835, leaving him two children, one of whom followed her when in her 454 fifth year. The daughter remaining is Mrs. Evalina Hall Hopper, wife of David C. Hopper, of the same county. In 1836 Mr. McCollister married Catharine, daughter of Robert Godwin, farmer, of Queen Anne’s County. Of the seven children of this union, five are now living: Mary E., who resides with her parents; John C., whose farm adjoins his father’s; Mrs. William T. Todd, whose husband is a merchant of Church Hill; Samuel G., a farmer near that place; and Charles McCollister, Jr., who now takes the care of the Hermitage estate. CKEE, Wixuiam J. C., was born June 8, 1834, in WY rh Worcester County, Maryland, where he still re- de sides, in the town of Snow Hill. He was the youngest in a family of eight children. His father, Stephen McKee, a shoemaker, was of Scotch-Irish descent, his parents having emigrated to this country and State just before the Revolution. He married Esther, daughter of John Tilghman, a farmer of Worcester County. They were very poor, and lived remote from any schoolhouse, consequently William had but few educa- tional advantages. At the age of eight he commenced to work in his father’s shop and on the farm. His father taught him his letters, beyond which his education was self-acquired; yet he learned to read and write as early as most boys. In time he became a good penman, and by diligent reading and study at night, was as well educated as others of the same age. At an early age he began to learn the trade of a house carpenter, and before he was eighteen years of age, could put up barns and dwellings, directing the labors of three or four others under him. For some time he did the work of carpenter, bricklayer, plasterer, and painter, and was also undertaker for the neighborhood. When twenty years of age, he built for himself, at Colbourn’s Mill, a carriage and wheelwright shop, in which he made the wood-work for wagons and carriages, and for eight years continued to do a prosperous business, One instance of his skill, which attracted special attention, was a fine mahogany medical chest which he made for Dr. Morris, of Princess Anne, containing sixty- four compartments, and unfolding three times, and so ar- ranged as to expose forty-eight bottles and labels at once. In 1862 Mr. McKee undertook for one year the business of farming in the vicinity of Snow Hill, leaving it the next year to become a watchmaker and jeweller in that town, which trade he had learned the previous years. That business he still: pursues. He at first devoted him- self to it so closely that his health failed, and after two years he was obliged to seek, in connection with it, some more active employment. Accordingly, he resumed the carriage-making and undertaking business, and in addition bought thirty-seven acres of land in the vicinity of the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. town, to the cultivation of which he gave some attention. Silver-plating he first studied from the books, then went to™. Philadelphia to gain a thorough and practical knowledge of the business. While there he was, for a time, employed by the manager of the American Bank Note Engraving Company to transfer their notes from rolls to steel plates, and his work proved highly.satisfactory. Mr. McKee is now the owner of one hundred and seventy-five acres of land near the town of Snow Hill, and of several houses and lots within its limits. He attributes a large share of the success which has attended him to his early com- mencement of the Christian life He united, when in his sixteenth year, with the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a liberal supporter, and to which his wife was equally devoted. He married, January 6, 1858, Rachel, daughter of William and Mary Colbourn, of Worcester County. She died, November 29, 1876, leaving him three sons and one daughter. VW. V.UGGINS, AMBROSE LopGE, Agent of the Mer- yi W : chants’ and Miners’ Transportation Company, 6 Baltimore, Maryland, was born in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia, June 8, 1819. His father, William Huggins, a wheelwright and farmer, was of English descent, and a patriot of the war of 1812. His mother, Hannah Frances (Rogers) Huggins, was of lrish Presbyterian extraction. Her father, Thomas Rogers, actively participated in the American Revolution. Wil- liam Huggins died in 1824, when his son Ambrose was but five years of age, leaving him and two brothers and a sister to the care of his widow, who survived him until 1852. When Ambrose had reached the age of eleven he was apprenticed to Isaac Harrison, a highly respected merchant miller of Middletown. By this early entry upon the struggles of life his school education was of necessity very limited, but his mind was naturally vigorous, and his powers of application remarkable. In the Sunday-school which he attended, having one hundred competitors, he took the prize for committing to memory, in his leisure moments, during the short space of three weeks, one thousand seven hundred and fifty verses from the Bible. He acquired a valuable knowledge of the milling business during his apprenticeship, and in 1838, in the nineteenth year of his age, removed to Winchester, Virginia, where he became a clerk in a forwarding and commission house. He afterwards was engaged in the same line of business in Georgetown, District of Columbia. In 1842 he en- tered upon the study of medicine, which he pursued for two years, but ultimately abandoned it and returned to his former business, connecting himself with a house in Cum- berland. In that place, in 1850, he entered, as clerk, in the employ of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. After three years he was promoted to the position of agent at that point, and in 1858 was transferred to Baltimore, to assume the duties of Assistant Master of Transportation. In this position he served about one year. On the Ist of January, 1859, he was appointed to his present position as agent for the Merchants’ and Miners’ Transportation Company, which has a line of splendid steamships plying between the ports of Baltimore, Norfolk, Boston, Provi- dence, and Savannah. This company had been formed but five years previously, and for twenty years Mr. Hug- gins has occupied his responsible post, and has had a large share in promoting its growth and prosperity. Perhaps no one has done more to secure the reputation for promptness, integrity, and regard for the rights and interests of the pub- lic which this company enjoys. Mr. Huggins was mar- ried in February, 1847, at Clarysville, near Cumberland, to Mary Ann, daughter of Gerard Clary, a highly respected farmer and hotel proprietor. Of the seven children of this marriage, five are living: Ellwood, Hameline, Guil- ford, Lindley, and Camilla. The last-named is the wife of Thomas Sewell, a tobacco merchant of Baltimore. The youngest son is named for the eminent botanist, and quite singularly has a marked taste for the same study. He has a fine collection of about one thousand plants. He is a student in the Baltimore City College. The sons, Ellwood and Guilford, are conducting, on their father’s account and in his name, the tobacco commission business, on West Baltimore Street. Mr. Huggins enjoys excellent health and has a robust constitution. His manner is most cordial and gentlemanly, winning him great popularity. For many years he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity, and now holds the position of Past Master in that Order. His residence is in the beautiful suburbs of Peabody Heights, Baltimore County, Berane PETER, was born in Mid Lothian, Scot- J land, in 1831. His father was William Trotter, of the same place. He died in 1858. His mother t was Miss Jean, daughter of John Fogry, of Mid Lothian. She died in Scotland in'1872. Mr. Trot- ter is the ninth of a family of eleven children, four of whom are living in Scotland. He came to this country in 1853, landing in the city of New York. He attended various schools until his fifteenth year, when he was ap- prenticed by his father to the blacksmithing business, the person to whom he was indentured being William Oliver, of Lone Head, Haddingtonshire, Scotland. He remained with Oliver yntil he was nineteen years old, and then served for 4 year in the millwrighting business. . On at- taining his. majority he went to Tipperary County, Ireland, and engaged in agricultural blacksmithing for over four years. During this period he was awarded by the Royal 455 Agricultural Society of Ireland an elegant silver medal for the best agricultural grubber. Mr. Trotter has great me- chanical skill, and his works have placed him among the foremost mechanics of the State. He located in Bryan- town, Charles County, in 1855, where he is actively en- gaged in blacksmithing and carriage and wagon-making. He has invented a patent carriage axle of peculiar con- struction, self-lubricating, and never wearing ont. It like- wise possesses but little friction. Mr. Trotter is a Master Mason, and is connected with Evening Star Lodge, St. Mary’s County. In politics he is a Democrat, and in re- ligion a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was married in 1852 (whilst in Ireland) to Harriet, daugh- ter of Henry Quarman, of England. He has seven chil- dren living, five daughters and two sans. enn 09) al KWeOWARD, Frank Key, eldest son of Charles How- gi ¥ . ard, and a grandson of Colonel John Eager How- ee" ard and of Francis Scott Key, author of the“ Star- i Spangled Banner,” was born October 25,1826. He ‘» was educated for the bar, to which profession he devoted himself for several years, but his tastes and talents were decidedly literary, and he became, soon after the es- tablishment of the Dazly Exchange, one of the editors of that journal, the predecessor of the present Gazette. He was a forcible and vigorous writer, remarkably indepen- dent, but in the expression of his opinions and in his com- ments upon public men and affairs he was always actuated by the highest aims and motives. The newspaper was “suppressed,” and Mr. Howard was arrested by the mili- tary power on September 13, 1861. After an imprison- ment in Fort Lafayette and Fort Warren of fourteen months, Mr. Howard was released with the other Mary- land prisoners. He published two pamphlets, entitled Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, and The Southern Rights and Union Parties in Maryland Contrasted. Upon the establishment of the Dazly Gazette, Mr. Howard be- came the principal editor, and filled that position until 1871, He died in London, England, May 29, 1872. Mr. Howard served as a member of the City Council, and was active in the Reform movement, in the service of which he risked his life, WW, ONES, Ropert CHEw, Esq., Attorney and Coun- i sellor at Law, was born at Kent Island, Queen 2 Anne's County, Maryland, January 20, 1843. His father is Richard Ireland Chew Jones, of Annapolis, Maryland. His mother’s maiden name was Mary Golds- borough Pascault, daughter of Lewis Charles Pascault. She died in 1862 ; his father is still living. The maiden name of 456 his father’s mother was Miss Chew, and that of his mother’s mother Miss Goldsborough. His parents’ fathers were both officers in the United States Army in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch received a thorough education in all the branches of English culture, together with Latin, mathematics, and general history, at the Academy in Easton, Talbot County, Maryland. He was naturally fond of study, and therefore was very regular in his attendance at school. After leaving school, being then in his eighteenth year, he joined the Confederate Army, because of his honest espousal of the Southern cause in the late war. He was a Major of Artillery in that service; lost his right arm, and was wounded four times after that loss. When the war ended he was very poor. About six months after the close of the war, he returned to Easton and studied law, in the office of Hon. Samuel Hambleton; one of the ablest law- yers of Maryland, who proved to be a kind preceptor, and one of Mr. Jones’s sincerest friends. After his admission to the bar, he went to Cumberland, Maryland, and there commenced the practice of his profession, August I, 1867. He was an entire stranger when he arrived in that city with three hundred dollars of borrowed money in his pocket. He has remained there ever since, successfully prosecut- ing his profession. He has never been connected with any public enterprise, or held public office; and it would re- quire very strong inducements to make him accept one ; neither has he ever been associated with any secret or po- litical organization. Mr. Jones is amember of the Catholic Church, and politically has always been a Democrat. He married, June 6, 1871, Miss Virginia Moss Lynn, second daughter of Dr. George Lynn, of Cumberland, and has two children. His wife’s mother before her marriage was Miss Virginia Moss, of Virginia. Both of his wife’s parents are dead. cis or WituiaM ARMSTEAD, Mayor of the ¢ A ) city of Cumberland, was the third child of Addi- pate oF son L, and Fannie T. (Buckey) Withers, and ue was born in Georgetown, D. C., January 28, 1833. His father was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, in the year 1804, and his mother in Loudon County, in the same State, a few years later. They were married May 20, 1829. In 1836 they removed to Cumberland, Maryland, where Mr. Withers engaged in the tanning business, in which he had excellent success and soon acquired con- siderable property. He was one of the most useful and enterprising citizens of the place, and was made Mayor of the city. His son William was educated at the Alleghany County Academy, in Cumberland, a flourishing institution. He became proficient in all the usual studies, leaving school at the age of eighteen, at the earnest solicitation of. his father, to learn with him the tanner’s trade. He be- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. came an expert workman, and on reaching his majority went into partnership with his father, the firm assuming the name of A. L. Withers & Son. It continued with great success from 1857 to 1878, when Mr. William Withers purchased his father’s interest, and has since conducted the business alone. He was noted from early youth for his correct habits and moral deportment. While still a very young man Mr. William Withers joined the Orders of Odd Fellows and Freemasons, and has consecutively filled all the offices in his respective lodges. He is at this time Past Grand Master and Past Master. He has also always en- gaged in such public matters as promised to promote the welfare of his fellow-citizens. In 1872 he was elected to the City Council, and at the end of the term was nominated and elected to the Mayoralty of the city. After the lapse of two years he was again elected to the same office. In this position he has exhibited rare executive ability and good judgment, and has given entire satisfaction to the people. His manner at once inspires respect and confidence. He is quick in action, fluent in speech, and easy and pleasing in his address. He is strictly temperate, using neither liquors nor tobacco in any form. He was, like his father, a Whig, but since the disruption of that party, has been one of the strongest supporters of the Democracy. At the age of twenty-five he married Fannie C. Weldon, of Cumberland, who at her death left him six children. In 1877 he mar- ried Leonora J. Vroman, of Cumberland. For many years Mr. Withers was connected with the Methodist Protestant Church, but has recently, with his wife, united with the English Lutheran Church, of Cumberland. O09) Je coer ODSON, THoMAS SHERWOOD, Attorney-at-law and Collector of Customs at the port of Crisfield, ie Somerset County, Maryland, was born in Dorches- “? ter County, August 21, 1837. His parents -were Thomas J. and Margaret (Vincent) Hodson. The family estate, now owned by him and by Dr. Eugene Hodson, was granted by patent to James Hodson, in the time of Charles Second. Agriculture has been the principal occu- pation of the family from that time. His father, Thomas J. Hodson, was in Florida ten years from 1843, and was active in the formation of the government, in that State. He returned to Dorchester County in 1853, and died at the residence of his son in Crisfield, May 1, 1875. The mother of Mr. Hodson died in his early childhood. He attended school from the age of five years in the town of Vienna, in his native county, till the year 1852, when his father sent him to Sherman’s Institute, near East New Market, in the same county, where he was prepared for Yale College, which he entered in 1864. The next year he entered the Junior class of Princeton College. He remained two years, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and returning home, engaged in teaching a private school until 1863, when he was admitted on probation to the Philadelphia Conference of Ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was sent as pastor to Laurel, Dela- ware. The next year he travelled the Anna Sussex Circuit, but his health failing, he declined to enter the Conference as a member, and became editor and proprietor of the Somerset Herald, a Republican newspaper printed at Princess Anne. To this he devoted himself, and also to the management of political affairs, till June, 1868, when he sold the paper and became Deputy Collector of Customs at Crisfield, still retaining his interest in politics and the Re- publican party, which has steadily grown until it now fills every local office but one in the county. Mr. Hodson has been one of the most active men of his party in the State, throughout which he is well known. He has served in all the State conventions, and was an elector for Hayes in 1876. While very pronounced and decided in his opinions, he is courteous to his opponents. He is now the owner of the Crisfield Leader, a paper independent in politics. He is equally strong and decided in his religious views and affiliations. From boyhood he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is at present a Trustee, Steward, and local preacher in Immanuel Church at Cris- field. He studied law under Messrs. Dennis & Brattan, and was admitted to the bar in 1872. Since that time he has achieved a marked success and has a large practice. He is exceedingly faithful to the cause of his clients. Mr. Hodson is a Royal Arch Mason, having held all the offices of the subordinate lodge, and has been Master of Lodge No. 147. He was united in marriage, February 7, 1866, to Alice, daughter of Dr. Aaron Mauch, of Laurel, Delaware. She died, deeply regretted, June 7, 1877, leaving four children. nas. YON, Joun B., Farmer, was born in St. Mary’s ic County, Maryland, March 27, 1825. His father, TEWART, JOHN Duncan, son of John and Barbara Stewart, was born in Baltimore, March, 1828. He was educated at the private schools of the city, and at Carlisle College, Pennsylvania, from which he { graduated A.B., after which he pursued a thorough course of study in preparation for the ministry, and gradu- ated in theology. But being in very delicate health, he was compelled to abandon his chosen profession, and re- luctantly turned to other fields. He went West, and was for two years the editor of the Cincinnati Sz. Returning to Baltimore, in 1851, he engaged in the hardware business for one year only, when he entered the livery business with his father, on Banks Street near Broadway. This active employment suited his health, and he became very strong, and was also very successful. In 1856 he removed to 111 Lexington Street, where he continued until July 25, 1873, when, in the great fire of that year, all his buildings, including stables, coach factory, and carriage- house, were swept away. He lost all his valuable stock of sleighs, robes, and harness, besides several wagons. His entire loss amounted to about sixty thousand dollars, yet with indomitable courage and energy he commenced at once to rebuild. By the following April he was ready again for business, with one of the largest and most com- plete establishments of the kind in the United States. The building covers a quarter of an acre of ground, and can accommodate on the two lower floors one hundred and sixty horses and two hundred and fifty carriages. The harness room, carriage room, and horse stables are divided by fire walls. The hay is kept on the third floor, and is taken up by a patent machine, worked by horse power. It is a New England invention, and is the only one in Mary- land. It consists of a patent fork and tramway. By its means, a load of hay, weighing three tons, is unloaded in seven forkfuls, each one, being raised to the mow, is car- ried on the tramway to the desired place, when, by an auto- matic movement, it is distributed over the loft without any hand labor whatever. The carriage house has three floors, all of which are accessible by means of a waiter, which takes up two carriages at a time; it also has a room where each customer, keeping his horse at livery, has the use of a closet in which to keep driving seat, driving suit, robes, etc. Mr. Stewart also erected a large carriage factory, in which all the coaches are repaired, and the horse-shoeing done. ‘The stable has five entrances, one on Park Avenue and four on Clay Street. It occupies Nos. 31, 33, and 35 BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Park Avenue, and several numbers on Clay Street. In the general disturbance, April 19, 1861, the stables of Mr. Stewart were raided upon by roughs, who embraced the opportunity to plunder. He, with several of his friends, employés, and customers, armed themselves as well. as the unexpected emergency would permit, and guarded the place, but he lost a number of valuable horses. The in- ventive genius of the family has appeared in every genera- tion. Mr. John D. Stewart patented a pipe cover, a pipe stem, for which he was offered five thousand dollars; a burglar-proof lock; a letter box for street use, which was adopted by the Government; a tool to cut carriage washers, etc. Although his health would not permit the exercise of his profession, his fine education was by no means lost to the world; he kept his pen almost constantly employed in the advocacy of needed measures, and in the forwarding of every good word and work. The contributions of his ready and fertile mind to the newspapers and pamphlets of the day were unremitting. His ability.and versatility as a writer caused him frequently to be called upon to do a variety of literary work. He also spoke with fluency, and obtained great influence over the minds of those whom he addressed. He was passionately fond of political life, and would undoubtedly have succeeded in it had he lived to carry out his cherished plans. It was his intention to soon place his business in the hands of his son, and to enter the political arena. In 1869 he was elected to the First Branch of the City Council, his opponent being one of the most popular men of the city. Mr. Stewart was married, April 2, 1850, to Eliza Griffith, daughter of Anthony Griffith, a brave and valued officer on the sloop- of-war Constitution, during the war of 1812. Nine children were born to them, Colin, Mary Frances, Anna Griffith, who died in infancy, John, Ida, Isabel, Harry Lee, Estelle, and Margaret. Mr. Stewart belonged to the Order of Masons, to the St. Andrew’s Society of Odd Fel- lows, and was, in early life, an active member and Secre- tary of the old Volunteer Mechanical Fire Company, composed only of men of high standing in the city. In August, 1872, he was thrown from his carriage, striking the side of his face against the curbstone. The injury he received was a very serious one, and finally caused his death. The shock to his nervous system also affected his mind. On July 23, 1876, he was sun struck, but recovered. He died February 9, 1877, leaving his family and his busi- ness to the care of his eldest son, Colin. an AWNG, Joun Hapiry, Lawyer, was born in Baltimore 5 3 in 1819. He attended private schools until the age *’ of fourteen years, when he entered an insurance ; office as clerk. After occupying that position two years he became attached to the County Clerk’s office in a clerical capacity, remaining therein over five years. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He then commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. John H. B. Latrobe, and in August, 1844, was admitted to the Baltimore city bar. One year thereafter he was ad- mitted to practice in the Court of Appeals, and in 1849 in the Supreme Court of the United States. He has enjoyed an extensive and varied practice in the different courts. He successfully defended Hon. Henry Winter Davis in 1859, and Hon. Charles E. Phelps in 1863, in the contests for their seats in Congress. His criminal practice has included several important murder cases, in which he has always succeeded in clearing his client, and he has been generally successful in his civil practice. During the Mexican war Mr. Ing was appointed Captain in the Sixth Regiment, Maryland Militia, and was promoted to the rank of Major-General. During the civil war he was an unfaltering Union man, and was active in his efforts to assist the Government in suppréssing the Rebellion. For thirty-nine years Mr. Ing has been a member in good standing of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is attached to Jerusalem Encampment, No.1. He is a member of Monroe Division, Sons of Temperance; also of Powhatan Lodge, Improved Order of Red Men. He was a member of the old Baltimore United Fire Depart- ment, and was an officer in the Friendship Fire Company. In religious sentiment he is a Methodist, as was his father and grandfather. Mr. Ing’s father was Edward Ing, who married Ann Hadley, daughter of John Hadley, of Dela- His grandfather was John Ing, a native of Wales, who came to this country in 1787. His maternal grand- father, John Hadley, was also a native of Wales, and set- tled in Delaware. He was a Revolutionary soldier under General Washington. Mr. Ing married, October 16, 1845, Miss Lydia A. Strandley, daughter of John and Rachel Strandley. Mr. Ing is a gentleman of agreeable manners, is a forcible speaker, and has been very successful in his profession. ware. Yorarron. Grorce Evett, Attorney-at-law, Bal- De timore, was born April 10, 1852, at Norfolk, Vir- ginia. He is the son of the late Henry B. Rear- i don, a prominent citizen of Norfolk, Virginia. After a thorough preparatory course Mr. Reardon en- tered St. John’s College, Fordham, New York, from which institution he graduated with honor in 1870. He studied law with Hon. George P. Fisher, United States District Attorney, of the District of Columbia, and graduated at Columbia Law College in the class of 1874. In the latter part of that year he entered upon the practice of law in the city of Baltimore, where he has since continued. He has been commissioned by the Executives of the respective States Commissioner of Deeds for all the States in the Union. 64 501 no Hon. J. H. W. G., Physician and Leg- ‘ ; islator, was born in Queen Anne’s County, er Maryland, in the year 1841, where he received i a common-school education. He subsequently graduated at the University of Maryland. He served as Resident Physician of the Infirmary. At present (1878) he is a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. WILSON, Hon. Grorce, of Broadneck, was born Ey in Kent County, Maryland. He was the son of a James and Catharine Wilson, of Old Field Point. i He was a Delegate from Kent County in the Legis- lature of Maryland in the sessions of 1728, 1731, 1732, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1740, 1745, 1746, and 1747. He married Mary Kennard, a lady of notable strength of mind and character, and died in 1748. He was an extensive landed proprietor and a large slave-owner. Among his slaves was one, a royal personage, “ Prince Wiggins,” an African king, captured, enslaved, and sold while a prisoner of war. The “ Prince’’ was not required to work, and lived to see four generations of his master’s family. George Wilson, of Castle Cairy, eldest son of Hon. George Wilson, married Margaret Hall, and had a son, John Wilson, who married, February 2, 1779, Mary Perkins, of the White House, and was the father of Captain Frederick Wilson, who commanded the troop of horse at the battle of Caulk’s Field, and of Margaret Wilson, who married Dr. James Black, of Fairfields. YopoPERTs. Hon. CHARLES BAYLE, Member of Con- AX: gress from the Second Congressional District of “¥ “Maryland, composed of Carroll, Cecil, Harford, and a large portion of Baltimore County, was borh J in Uniontown, Carroll County, Maryland, April 19, 1842. He was the second son and only surviving child of John and Catharine A. (Bayle) Roberts. After graduat- ing at Calvert College, New Windsor, Maryland, in 1861, he entered upon the study of law, and was admitted to practice in 1864. In 1868 he served as an Elector on the Democratic ticket in the Presidential contest of that year, Seymour and Blair being the nominees. Mr. Roberts was elected by the Democratic party of his district to the Forty-fourth Congress, and was placed on the Committee of Accounts, of which he became Chairman, succeeding Hon. J. D. Williams, elected Governor of Indiana. He was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress by over three thousand majority, and was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. He was also a member of the Committee on Commerce. Mr. Roberts was married, No- vember 10, 1863, to Miss Annie E. Mathias, daughter of 502 Colonel John T. Mathias, formerly of Baltimore, and now of Tyrone City, Blair County, Pennsylvania. Mr. Rob- erts is one of the most popular men in Western Maryland, and his entire Congressional course gave the utmost satis- faction, not only to his immediate constituency, but to the whole people of Maryland, irrespective of party. ao WILLIAM STEVENSON, was born Jan- 3 uary 6, 1832, in Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland. He is the son of John W. and ee Elizabeth (Constable) Walker. He commenced his education at Washington College, and was graduated at Princeton in the class of 1851. He married, December 27, 1855, Mary Rebecca Ricaud, daughter of Judge James B. and Anna E. F, (Gordon) Ricaud, of Chestertown, and has three children living, viz.: Anna Elizabeth, Cornelia Rebecca, and William Stevenson Wal- ker. In the winter of 1866 he was elected a vestryman of Chester Parish, and March 19, 1867, was appointed one of the Visitors of Washington College. He wasa Deputy from the Diocese of Maryland to the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, which met in the city of New York, in October, 1868, and since then has represented the Diocese of Easton in the General Conventions which as- sembled in the cities of Baltimore in 1871, in New York in 1874, and in Boston in 1877. In politics he isa Demo- crat. (From ‘‘ Baltimore, Past and Present.’’) KARY, JAMES SULLIVAN, late senior of the firm of James S. Gary & Son, proprietors of the Alberton Cotton Mills, Howard County, Maryland, was 4 born in Medway, Massachusetts, November 15, 1808. p He was the son of John Gary, a farmer of Lan- cashire, England, who, with his brother James, emigrated to this country in 1712, and settled in New Hampshire; James going to Massachusetts. His father died in early manhood, leaving a large family. His mother was Mary Witherell. She belonged to one of the oldest families of New England. He had two brothers, John and Joseph, who were very superior mechanics. When but five years of age, James went to work in the Medway Manufacturing Company’s Cotton Mill, where he remained for seven years, acquiring in that time a thorough practical knowl- edge of the details of the manufacture, His early educa- tional advantages were necessarily limited, but, aided by a good mother, he availed himself of every opportunity for mental improvement. Leaving the Medway Company with a view to more profitable employment, he engaged « BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. successively in a number of manufacturing establishments, ever gathering valuable knowledge of the business, which greatly contributed to his after success in life. In these various changes he was prudent and economical withal, and by the time he was twenty-two years of age he had saved a few thousand dollars. In 1830 he married Pamelia, daughter of Deacon Ebenezer Forrest, of Foxboro, Massa- chusetts, and removed to Mansfield, Connecticut, where he became a partner in a cotton factory. That was a most unfortunate venture for him; as the agents of the factory became bankrupt, and he lost his entire investment. After that he spent some years in charge of one of the depart- ments of the Lonsdale Manufacturing Company’s Mills in Rhode Island. In 1838 Mr. Gary removed with his family to Maryland, where he took charge of one of the depart- ments in the mills of the Patuxent Manufacturing Com- pany, at Laurel, Prince George County. In 1844, with three others, he established the Ashland Manufacturing Company of Baltimore County, and assumed the entire control of the works. This company operated most suc- cessfully until 1854, when the buildings and machinery were destroyed by fire. In addition to his control of the Ashland Mills, he undertook at the same time the super- vision and control of the Patuxent Company’s Mills, at their invitation This service he most satisfactorily ren- dered, visiting and directing both. About a year previous to the fire at the Ashland Company’s Mills, he established, in connection with another gentleman, the Alberton Manu- facturing Company, at Elysville, Howard County, which continued until 1857, when it shared the fate of many others in the financial crisis of that period. A new organi- zation was soon after effected under the name of the Sagonan Manufacturing Company. Mr. Gary made the discovery in 1859, that through the mismanagement of his associate, who controlled the financial affairs, the com- pany had become disastrously involved in outside opera- tions. He at once arranged to assume the sole ownership of the mills, together with the heavy indebtedness. The creditors believing that Mr. Gary ought not to be held re- sponsible for what had been done without his knowledge, were generously disposed to agree to a very liberal com- promise, but Mr. Gary declined the offer, promising to meet every claim in full at a future period. That promise he fulfilled in half the time for which he had asked. In 1861, his son, James Albert Gary, was taken into partner- ship, under the firm name of James S. Gary & Son, with office and warehouse in Baltimore. In 1863 a branch house was established in St. Louis, under the name of James S. Gary & Co., both of which have been attended with great prosperity. In 1866 the mills, dwellings, and the property at Alberton were considerably damaged by a freshet. They were again damaged much more disas- trously in 1868, when the whole valley of the Patapsco was suddenly swept by a torrent, which destroyed many lives and millions of dollars’ worth of property. Mr. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Gary, himself, narrowly escaped with his life. The loss to him amounted to one hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars. The waters had scarcely subsided when with his usual courage and energy he set about rebuilding his mill, having first relieved the immediate necessities of the suf- ferers around him. The work of reconstruction was pushed vigorously forward; and though his mills had suf- fered more damage than others, with one exception, he was the first to resume operations by several weeks. Many improvements were made and such extensive additions that the capacity for production was doubled. But the active man, in the midst of his usefulness and benefactions, was suddenly stricken down. He died at the age of sixty- two years, from the effects of a carbuncle, March 7, 1870, and was buried at Alberton, the scene of his labors, and where the monuments of his energy and skill still remain, in the busy mills and their pleasant surroundings. Mr. Gary was a man of rare ability and indomitable perse- verance. He had wonderful tact in managing men, securing their confidence and hearty co-operation and good will by his hearty kindness to all. He was, too, a mathematician of unusual ability. He was a Whig in politics, and during the war a sincere and zealous Unionist. As in religion so in politics, he always respected the views of others. He was not identified with any church, but he was governed as nearly as possible by the Golden Rule. The village of Alberton is on the Patapsco River, in Howard County, about twelve miles from Baltimore, on the Baltimore and Ohio Raitroad. It is provided with all the necessary appliances for comfort and convenience. One of Mr. Gary’s strictest regulations was the prohibi- tion of- the sale of intoxicating liquors. He left two_ children, a son and a daughter; the latter married H. B. Holton, Esq. Since Mr. Gary’s death the business has been conducted by his son, James Albert Gary, in the old firm name. He is a practical manufacturer, like his father ; and is largely identified with the interests of his city’and State, and seems to have attained his highest ambition in being recognized as a good and useful citizen. IWop,LACKBURN, HonorasBLE HENRY HINCSMAN, SR LL.D., was born, October 12, 1838, in Columbi- Coc™ ana County, Ohio. His parents were both natives of Virginia. His father, Barbee Blackburn, was a grandson of William Blackburn, a Major-Gen- eral during the Revolutionary war. His mother, Eliza- beth, daughter of Aaron Hincson, was descended from an old German family. In 1834, Barbee Blackburn removed to Ohio in company with a colony of Friends, or Quakers, who left Virginia on account of their religious opposition to the institution of slavery. He settled in Columbiana County. Henry was early trained to farm work, and but 503 few were the pleasant surroundings of his boyhood. He attended a district school in winter and worked on his father’s farm in summer. Thus his young life alternated between work and study until he was eighteen years of age, when he was placed at Damascus Academy, in his native county. In 1856, he was sent to Earlem College, from which he graduated with the highest honors. He then entered the “Ohio State Law College,’ where his talents and close study soon gave him the first place. When he graduated, in 1861, the Faculty of the college conferred upon him the degree of LL.D., a mark of dis- tinction rarely giving to students leaving college. In 1862, Mr. Blackburn began the practice of law at Carrollton, Ohio, as a partner of the Hon. John H. Tripp. In 1864, the Professorship of Elementary Law and the Law of Real Property, made vacant by the death of Professor Chester V. Hayden, author of Hayden’s Practice, was tendered to Mr. Blackburn by the Faculty of the “ Ohio State Law College.’ It was Professor Hayden’s dying request that young Blackburn should fill the place which he had adorned. The duties of the professorship were discharged by Mr. Blackburn with distinguished ability. In May, 1864, he was elected Professor of Commercial Law in Bryant & Stratton’s Commercial College, at Cleve- land. He held these professorships until the close of the college year, in 1865, when he resigned both and removed to Martinsburg, West Virginia, as Attorney for the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad Company. Some time before his removal he had taken a very active part in the famous Vallandigham-Brough contest. Mr. Blackburn’s abilities were soon recognized in West Virginia. He was elected City Attorney of Martinsbutg, and was Prosecuting At- torney of Berkeley and Morgan counties for two consecu- tive terms. Soon after he located in Martinsburg he was appointed by Governor Boreman as one of the judges of the Special Court to hear contested election cases for State offices (other than members of the Legislature). The three judges commissioned by the Governor to constitute that court were J. L. Bunker, since deceased, E. W. An- drews, and the subject of this sketch. They held the office until the adoption of the new Constitution in 1872. In 1867, Chief Justice Chase appointed him Register in Bank- ruptcy for the Second District of West Virginia. He was one of the original incorporators of the “ People’s Gas Company,” and the People’s National Bank of Martins- burg. He was also one of the operators and directors of the first Agricultural and Mechanical Association of Berke: ley County, of which association he was Corresponding Secretary. He was for a time Assistant United States Attorney-General, under Attorney-General Hoar, and in that capacity was connected with the celebrated case of Brown v. The United States, involving the title to the armory property at Harper’s Ferry. The case was argued by him on the part of the United States in the United States District Court, Chief Justice Chase presiding, and 504 decided in favor of the Government. In 1869, upon the retirement of Hon. Jeremiah Black from the law firm of Black, Lamon & Company, in Washington city, Mr. Black- burn took Judge Black’s place. He at once entered upon an extensive and lucrative practice, principally before the Supreme Court and the departments. His profound knowledge of United States laws, his long experience in the management of claim cases, as well as his wide ac- quaintance with the law in all its branches, gave him prom- inence among the first legal minds of the District of Columbia. Mr. Blackburn was married, October 10, 1878, to Miss Mamie E. McHenry, of Washington, District of Columbia, daughter of Robert McHenry, and grand- daughter of the late James McHenry, of Baltimore, Maryland. VN: CCARTER, CoLoneL JAMES MAYLAND, of Pres- Dk: ton, Maryland, was born in the city of New ey York, in July, 1827. His parents were of Scotch- Irish lineage. His father, who died in 1840, was a skilled machinist. His mother was Mary A. (Mayland) McCarter. She died in 1864. They were strict members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and gave to their children the example of saintly lives. Soon after his birth the parents of James removed to Philadel- phia, from whence, in 1832, on account of the breaking out of the cholera, they removed to Chester County, Pennsyl- vania, and afterwards to Montgomery County, same State, settling in Norristown, where Mr. McCarter established himself in his trade, with great credit to himself as a first- class mechanic, continuing therein until his death. Before the age of thirteen James had become a good English scholar, and had some knowledge of mathematics and the classics. At nine years of age he joined the Methodist Church ; at fourteen was a licentiate in the ministry, and when fifteen years old began to travel a circuit as an itiner- ant minister within the bounds of the Philadelphia Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was known for several years after this as the boy preacher. Inthe spring of 1842 he was admitted on trial in the Philadelphia Annual Conference. In 1849 he was ordained Deacon by the venerable Bishop Hedding, and in 1846 was ordained Elder by Bishop Morris. He was successively stationed, after this, at Smyrna, Delaware ; at First Church, Lancas- ter, Pennsylvania; at Port Carbon, Pennsylvania; at As- bury, West Philadelphia; at St. Paul’s, Philadelphia; at West Chester, Pennsylvania, and in the pastorate of St. Peter’s, in the city of Reading, Pennsylvania, in each of which charges he remained, according to their existing itinerant rule, for two years. Colonel McCarter, early in life, opposed slavery in this country, and wrote in several leading papers, able articles against the system. In 1860 he wrote the work entitled Border Methodism and Border BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Slavery, which created considerable agitation, In May of the same year he was the Reporter of the Buffalo General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the New York 7ribune, and the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. When the civil war broke out he was pastor of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. In May of 1861 he was invited by Colonel John W. Johnston, a brother of ex-Governor Johnston, of Pennsylvania, then Colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, three months’ service, to become Chaplain of that regiment. He was commissioned by Governor A. G. Curtin, and was with the Patterson column, West Vir- ginia. For meritorious and brave conduct in several minor actions of his regiment he was made Colonel by Secretary of War Cameron, with authority to raise a regiment for three years’ service. He was commissioned September 15, 1861, and on the 5th of the ensuing month he had one thousand men ready to be mustered into the service. His former Colonel, John W. Johnston, paid him the high com- pliment of serving in his regiment as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Lebanon Infantry, subsequently known as the Ninety-third Pennsylvania Volunteers. In October the regiment went to Washington and was brigaded with Gen- eral Peck. It accompanied the Army of the Potomac to the Peninsula, and was in the battle of Williamsburg. The regiment was complimented in orders from Generals Peck and Couch, Brigade and Division Commanders, In this action the regiment lost heavily, both of its officers and men. May 31, at the battle of Fair Oaks, his regiment, after three hours’ hard fighting on the extreme left, in which one hundred and forty-three officers and men were killed and wounded, and thirty captured, was ordered to the right of the Williamsburg road, and sustained an im- petuous attack by the Confederate troops, after Casey’s division was driven back. In this action the Colonel lost two horses, killed under him, was wounded by a minié ball slightly, and, at five o’clock in the evening, while en- deavoring to put in a fresh line of his own and the frag- ments of other regiments, was prostrated by a shell, which rendered him unconscious for thirty-six hours. He had been carried, supposed to be mortally wounded, to Savage Station, and thence sent to White House. By the action of an electric battery, under the direction of Surgeon- General King, he.was restored to consciousness. This shock was so serious, affecting both body and mind, as to produce the general belief among medical officers that he would be unable to resume the command of his regiment. After being in hospitals at Fortress Monroe and Baltimore, he however again returned to his regiment, and was with it in the seven days’ fight before Richmond, closing with the ac- tion of Malvern Hill. The Colonel continued to command the Ninety-third, with but a short interval, until after the battle of Gettysburg. He was in the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, South Mountain, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, a serious relapse occurring at the latter place BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. from the shock of the shell causing paralysis of one side. He served as President of the court-martial of his division of the Sixth Army Corps until September, 1863, when he sent in his resignation, asking and receiving an honor- able discharge, on the ground of “injuries received in action in the battles of Fair Oaks and Gettysburg.” Though very lame he offered his services in the last Confederate raid into Maryland and was placed in charge of the defences of Baltimore, with headquarters at Fort No. 4, near Druid Hill Park. He was next appointed Deputy Provost-Mar- shal for the counties of Dorchester and Caroline, serving until May 1, 1865, when the war and its duties closed. He resumed his ministerial functions in 1869, and was, for another year, pastor of the church at Federalsburg, Dorches- ter County, Maryland. Since then he was, for three years, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church on Chincoteague Island, Accomac County, Virginia, in the Wilmington An- nual Conference of that Church, ending that relation in March, 1878, since which time he has served as one of the as- sociate editors of this publication. At the time of the com- mencement of the civil war Colonel McCarter was owner of the Montgomery Foundry and Machine Shops, Norristown, Pennsylvania. This was closed, and four of his brothers went into his regiment, three of whom were wounded, but all are yet living. Colonel McCarter was united in mar- riage to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Kelly, of Caroline County, Maryland, in 1847. He has three chil- dren living, James Edwards, of Philadelphia, Charles H., of the United States Revenue Marine Service, and Mary P. McCarter. enams, “Wid URLONG, Rev. HENRY, was born in Baltimore, Un March 21, 1797. His father, Captain William ae Furlong, was a native of Massachusetts, and a z prominent ship-master. He was an officer in Colonel Stiles’s regiment, and participated in the defence of Baltimore against the British in 1814. He was a devoted member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Captain Furlong gave each of his children, seven in number, a good education. He died after a brief illness in 1814. His mother’s maiden name,was Sarah Johnson. She was born in Baltimore. Her father, William Johnson, Sr., was one of the most prominent citizens of Baltimore, and an intimate associate of William Fell. Mrs. Furlong was a resident of Baltimore during her lifetime, which embraced the periods of the Revolutionary war, the war of 1812-15, and the recent civil war of 1861-65; concerning these and other important events intervening, her memory was remarkably accurate. For more than half a century she was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her death occurred in December, 1870, in her ninety-seventh year. Henry Furlong was the third child, He com- menced attending school when about four years of age, 505 and acquired a thorough education at the best institutions of learning then in Baltimore. After leaving school he was employed as a clerk in mercantile houses. In the spring of 1814 he joined Wilk Street Methodist Episcopal Church, under Rev. A. Griffith. Feeling that he had a call to the ministry, he chose it as his life-work, and Septem- ber 14, 1816, was appointed to fill a vacancy on Mont- gomery Circuit. In the spring of 1817 he was admitted on trial by the Baltimore Conference; in 1819 was received into full membership at the session in Alexandria, Virginia, and was ordained deacon by Bishop Roberts. In 1821 he was elected into elder’s orders, and ordained in the old Wilk Street Church, now Eastern Avenue Church, by Bishop George. He filled many prominent appointments in Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. His first charge in Baltimore was the City Station in 1830-31. He wasa member of the General Conference in 1828 and 1832; was Presiding Elder of the Huntingdon District four years, and was stationed in East Baltimore in 1837-9, and in 1855-7. March 2, 1864, after forty-seven years and six months of active and successful work, he retired to the superannuated rank. For more than fifty-seven years he was one of the leading and most influential members of the Baltimore Conference. Some of the most prominent and valuable members and ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, now in Baltimore, united with that communion under his ministrations. His sermons were models of Gospel preach- ing. He was a clear, strong theologian, possessed sound judgment, and was judicious in administering the disci- pline. He possessed great purity of character, was ex- ceedingly modest and refined. He did not, however, lack courage when duty called for its exercise. He was a Christian patriot, and clearly comprehended the duty of citizens and their obligations to the Government. In per- sonal appearance he was of medium size, neat, and precise ; a constant serenity reigned in his countenance, the visible sign of the calm within, ‘the peace of God, which passeth all understanding.” His voice was clear, sweet, and strangely impressive, and his manners gentle and persua- sive. He was intimate with Bishops McKendree, George, Soule, Roberts, Emory, and Bascom. While stationed in Wheeling, West Virginia, February 14, 1822, he was mar- ried to Miss Jane Sophronia, daughter of George Carru- thers, Esq., of that city. This proved a most happy union. For fifty-two years and a half she shared with him the pe- culiar joys and privations of an itinerant’s life. She still survives him and resides in Baltimore. They had ten children, three of whom died in early childhood. Rev. Henry Bascom Furlong, the second son, was also a mem- ber of the Baltimore Annual Conference. He was a preacher of great promise and superior talent. He died in Baltimore, June, 1853, in the twenty-eighth year of his age, and the seventh of his ministry. William George, the eldest child, was for many years actively engaged in the drygoods business in Baltimore. From his youth he 506 was a useful and devoted member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. He died December, 1870, in his forty- eighth year, leaving a widow and three sons. McKendree Carruthers, the youngest son, was also engaged in mer- chandising. He was a genial and sincere young man, of rare excellence of character, and from boyhood had been an exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His death occurred in March, 1871, in his twenty-eighth year. Four daughters survive. Rev. Henry Furlong died in Baltimore, Saturday evening, August 29, 1874. His funeral, held at the Fayette Street Methodist Episcopal Church, was largely attended by ministers and friends, Rev- erends Brown, Hildt, Rodgers, Gibson, and France officiat- ing. His remains rest near those of his sons in Mount Olivet Cemetery. His nobility of character endeared him to troops of friends. Children always loved him, and after his death expressed their affection for him by strewing flowers upon his grave. The holy triumph of his last days on earth, his blessings upon and exhortations to those around him, his many expressions of trust in God and vic- tory over death, can never be forgotten. SFRAEVDELOTT, Hon. Witttam James, Farmer and ey Legislator, was born in Worcester County, Mary- eee Jand, in which he still resides, October 30, 1816. His parents were John and Scarborough (Hender- son) Aydelott. His father’s ancestors were among a colony of Scotch Huguenots, of French extraction, who came to America in the early settlement of the country. His mother was of English descent. She died when he was in his fifth year, and before he had reached the age of fourteen the death of his father occurred. His early ad- vantages were very few. His father’s estate became heavily involved through the failure of a friend for whom he had become security. By entering into an agreement with his creditors, by which the whole debt was cancelled in time, he was thereby able to save from the wreck the family servants and the homestead farm. The land was immediately rented and the servants hired out, and not until young Aydelott reached his twenty-first year did any- thing accrue to the heirs of the estate. The land he still owns, the servants remained in his family until they were freed by the war. He had the privilege of attending school in the winter season only, his summers being em- ployed upon the farm. The farmers of that neighborhood have always given their attention principally to corn- growing. On the death of his father he was received into the family of his uncle, who was kind to him, but upon the death of his uncle’s wife u few years later, it was no longer a desirable home to him, and with only ten dollars in his pocket, the youth started to seek his fortune in the distant West. He made the journey BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. from Baltimore to Wheeling on foot. From thence he proceeded by water to Missouri, where he obtained a situ- ation as overseer in a large steam mill and warehouse. This was in May, 1835. He was thus employed until he met with an accident that disabled him for three months. Soon afterward he took charge of a school in Roy County, near the town of Richmond. At the end of three years he returned to Maryland, and settling on the old home- stead began an agricultural life. He was married, in 1839, to Ellen Frances, daughter of Solomon Marshall, a wealthy farmer in Virginia. He was soon after appointed to the Board of Education for Worcester County, in which he served until his removal to Virginia in 1851. In 1847 he was nominated on the Whig ticket to the General Assem- bly, and, after a sharp conflict, was elected to the biennial In 1849 he was re-elected without opposition, and served until 1851. He then removed a few miles over the line into Virginia, and settled on a large farm lying near the village of New Church, which had been given to his wife by her father. Here, besides the man- agement of his farm, he was largely occupied in settling estates, in both his native and adopted county, and after 1858 he served as a member of the old Virginia County Court, to which he had been elected for four years. In 1860, at the time of the Secession excitement, he warmly espoused the cause of the Union, and at a large meeting of the citizens of the upper parish of the county, held at Temperanceville, he offered a resoulation declaring that nothing had occurred that would justify Virginia in seced- ing. When she did secede he returned to Maryland with his family, bought land near Pocomoke City, and erected upon it his present residence. He was elected a member of the School Board of the county, in which he served six years, and was President of the Board for four years. He was appointed by Governor Bowie, a member of the State Board of Education, in which he served two years, and was also County Commissioner. While in that office he was nominated and elected to the House of Delegates. He served two years, and in 1873 was elected for four years to the State Senate. By the act of 1872 Governor Whyte was empowered to appoint three commissioners to adjust the boundary line between Maryland and Virginia. He appointed on behalf of Maryland, Hon. Isaac D. Jones, Col- onel W. J. Aydelott, and Levin L. Waters, Esq. Ex-Gover- nor Henry A. Wise, Colonel D. C. De Jarnette, and Colonel William Watts were appointed on behalf of Virginia, and the first joint meeting was held at Annapolis, May 7, 1872. From the year 1632 the question had given rise to fre- quent disputes, sometimes resulting in quarrels in which life had been sacrificed. Every important paper from the earliest settlement of the respective provinces was sought out by the Commissioners, and the archives of England, and copies of important papers were obtained, examined and passed upon. Finally, after the work had occupied about four years, Mr. Aydelott suggested to his fellow- session. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. * Commissioners of the State of Maryland, that an equitable adjustment of the State line could never be made with the Virginia Commissioners, and therefore it be recommended to the Legislature of Maryland that the matter be settled by arbitration. They concurred in the proposition, and the Senate of Maryland, to which it was submitted, also gave its concurrence, the House of Delegates approving. In his speech in the Senate on that occasion, Mr. Ayde- lott said: “I venture the assertion that no paper of any import, no book or map has been published during the last two hundred and fifty years, whether in colonial times or of more recent date, pertaining to the boundaries of the State, that has not been found and diligently examined by your Commissioners.’”” The proposition of arbitration was referred to the Committee on Federal Relations, and two thousand copies ordered to be printed. The committee reported an act in accordance with the suggestion of the Commissioners, recommending that the Governor of Mary- land should select an arbitrator from beyond the limits of the State, to act with such arbitrator to be appointed by the State of Virginia, the two to select an umpire, and the three to determine finally all matters of dispute between the States touching the settlement of boundary. This long controversy and difficult question is now virtually settled, the arbitrators and umpire having reported a line which is accepted as satisfactory by both States, and the matter has received the sanction of Congress by special enactment. In 1876 Mr. Aydelott was appointed an aid on the staff of Governor Carroll, with the rank of Colonel. In 1846 during the Mexican war he was appointed by Governor Pratt a Captain of State militia. He drilled his company thoroughly, holding it in readiness for ser- vice, and became very proficient in military tactics. After the late war the Maryland Agricultural and Mechanical Association was reorganized, and Colonel Aydelott was elected Vice-President for Worcester County, which post he still holds. He has always been a practical farmer, in which pursuit he takes great delight. He owns nearly one thousand acres of land in Worcester County, divided into six farms, some in a high state of cultivation. He has five children, four daughters and one son, Dr. John S. Aydelott, a well-known and popular physician of Snow Hill. Colonel Aydelott has been a member of the Pres- byterian Church since his twenty-fifth year, and a ruling elder for more than twenty years. WaRANKLIN, Hon. Joun R., was born May 6, 1820, iy a near Berlin, in Worcester County, on the old an- Ta cestral estate, on which had lived three Henry i Franklins of succeeding generations, his father being the last. Mr. Franklin’s father was a pros- perous farmer, a man highly esteemed throughout the country. He had been a Major in a regiment raised for a 507 home guard in the war of 1812, and was called Major Franklin through life. His death occurred when his son John was but sixteen years of age. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Sarah A., daughter of the Rev. John Rankin, a Presbyterian minister, at one time settled in Berlin. Mr. Franklin was educated at Jefferson Col- lege, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. He entered the Junior class when he was only fourteen years of age, and gradu- ated at sixteen, in the class of 1836. He was considered too young to commence his professional studies, and was. appointed a teacher in Washington Academy, near Princess Anne, a popular classical school of that day. He taught two years, after which he commenced the study of law at Snow Hill, under the late Judge William Tingle, who was then on the bench. He was admitted to the bar on his twenty-first birthday, entered upon a profitable practice, and was appointed State’s Attorney; but in a short time resigned the office, as it interfered with his civil practice. He participated in nearly all the prominent lawsuits which occurred in his county while he was at the bar. In 1843 he was elected to the Legislature of his State, and again elected in 1849, when he was chosen Speaker of the House. He was, for two years, President of the Board of Public Works. In 1853 he was elected to Congress as a Whig. His party being greatly in the minority, he de- clined a re-election. In 1864 he was a member of the Chicago Convention, which nominated George B. Mc- Clellan for President, and was a delegate to the great Wigwam Convention, which met in Philadelphia in 1866. In 1865 he was elected Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland, was commissioned, and took his seat upon the bench, but his election was contested before the Legis- lature by his competitor, Judge Thomas A. Spruce, who succeeded in his claims. After the change in the Consti- tution in 1867, he was again elected to a seat on the bench, which he retained the remainder of his life. Asa Judge he was able, upright, and pure, just and impartial, yet merciful and kind. He was one of the pioneers in the enterprise which resulted in building the railroad through Worcester County, which now terminates at Franklin City—named in his honor—in Accomac County, Virginia. Judge Franklin was a member of the Masonic Society, and belonged at one time to the Evergreen Lodge in Snow Hill. He attended the Presbyterian Church, was deeply interested in its welfare, and contributed liberally to its support, but never made an open profession of his faith. After the dissolution of the Whig party, to which he had always been attached, he allied himself with the Democracy. He was married, in 1847, to Annie F., daughter of the late John P. Duffield, of Snow Hill. She died in 1863, and five years later he was united in mar- riage with Kate Martin, a granddaughter of the late Dr. John S. Martin. Her death occurred in October, 1877. She left a son eight years of age. Judge Franklin died January 11, 1878. 508 WAEATING, Hon. Tuomas James, Lawyer and Comp- Ke troller of the State Treasury, was born in Smyrna, x Delaware, May 3, 1829. He was the eldest in a : family of eight children, whose parents were Michael t and Elizabeth Jane (Palmer) Keating. His father was educated for a teacher, and came to Baltimore from Ireland, at the age of twenty-one. While on the voyage he had amused himself in examining the ship’s log, in which he detected an error in the calculation; a circumstance that greatly pleased the captain. It happened that immediately on their arrival a gentleman from Kent Island came to the ship, seeking a teacher, and the captain took occasion to warmly recommend to him Mr. Keating. He spent his life in teaching on the Eastern Shore, and in Delaware. The latter part of his life he was in the Academy in Cen- treville, Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, at which place he died at the age of fifty-two. He was a refined and cul- tivated gentleman, and eminent in his profession. His wife belonged to an old substantial family of that county, whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers of the State. Her father, George Palmer, was a man of high so- cial position, and was for many years a Justice of the Peace. Mr. Keating was prepared for college at his father’s Academy, his parents having returned to Maryland when he was five years old. At the age of seventeen he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, from which he graduated in 1848. On returning home he studied law in the office of Judge Carmichael ; his fellow-student in this office, John M. Robinson, afterwards became Judge of the Court of Ap- peals. He was admitted to the bar in 1851, entering at once upon the practice of his profession, and soon took a lead- ing position as one of the ablest lawyers on the Eastern Shore. As a trial attorney he was remarkably successful, and in criminal cases he had few equals. His practice be- came very large and profitable, but craving fresh fields for the yet wider exercise of his talents, he purchased, in 1857, the Centreville Sentinel, a county paper. Changing its name to Zhe Centreville States Rights, he was the editor and proprietor till 1864, warmly upholding in its columns the Southern view of political questions. In 1863 an or- ganization, known as the ‘“‘Home Guard,” entered his office demanding an apology for some of the sentiments he had expressed. Not being able to obtain it from him they demolished his office, and threw its contents into the street. He procured more material and continued the publication of his paper for another year, when his office was destroyed by fire, and everything in it lost, except the contents of a safe. His valuable law library, printing presses, type, etc., became food for the flames. His loss closed his editorial career, his time being more than filled with other demands upon him. He was elected in 1860 as State’s Attorney for Queen Anne’s County, which office he held continuously till 1876, with the exception of one term. During that in- termission of four years he was counsel in several capital cases of great interest, among which should be mentioned BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA., the trial of William B. Paca, and three of his sons, for the murder of his nephew and his nephew's uncle. It createda profound sensation even beyond the borders of the State, on account of the social prominence of the parties accused of the crime. Mr. Paca belonged to one of the first families of the Eastern Shore. His grandfather was one of the four signers of the Declaration of Independence, whose por- trait now hangs in the Senate chamber at Annapolis. The homicide was committed within one hundred yards of the burial-ground where the signer lies. Eminent counsel were retained in the case. The State’s Attorney was assisted in the prosecution by Attorney-General Brent; and Messrs. Milton Whitney, of Baltimore, and James L. Martin, of Easton, were associated with Mr. Keating in the defence. The jury returned a verdict of not guilty. Mr. Keating was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1867, which framed the present Constitution, and took a leading part in its deliberations. In 1870 his youngest brother, -Benjamin Palmer Keating, came into his office as a law- student, was admitted to the bar in 1872, and was taken into partnership with his brother, which still continues. In 1874 Mr. Keating was a candidate for Congress, but was defeated by Governor Thomas, in the nominating conven- tion, and the next year was President of the State Demo- cratic Convention when John Lee Carroll was nominated for Governor. In November, 1877, he was nominated by acclamation by the Democratic Convention for the office of State Comptroller, and elected over his opponent, Dr. Porter, of Alleghany, by the largest majority ever given any man in the State. His popularity is still further at- tested by the fact that he always led the ticket in his own county. His success in life has been fairly won by hard work and strict integrity. He has always been a Democrat. His family owned slaves before the war, and-are members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was married, in June, 1862, to Miss Sarah F. Webster, of Harford, daugh- ter of Henry Webster, of that place, a relative of Captain Webster, one of the defenders of Baltimore in 1812. Colonel Edwin H. Webster, of Bel Air, Harford County, ex- member of Congress, is a brother of Mrs. Keating. The family is one of the oldest in the county, and of the highest respectability. Mr. Keating has six children, three boys and three girls; their names are Lizzie, Harry, Frank, Thomas James, Jr , Annie, and Hanson Palmer. UDESLUYS, Cuar.es Louis, Merchant, was born in Baltimore, August 6, 1818. His father, Adrian ' * Qudesluys, was a Hollander. His mother, Har- riet Steele, was of Scotch descent. At the age of thirteen he entered the bookstore of John H. Naff, where he remained one year. He then entered the count- ing-room of Hugh Boyle, doing a large shipping and iron BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 509 commission business, corner Spear’s wharf and Pratt Street. He afterwards became confidential clerk and bookkeeper, and remained in that employment until 1842. In that year he went into business with Henry A. Thompson, doing an iron and commission business, under the old-established firm of Henry Thompson & Son, which was altered in 1850 to the style of Thompson & Oudesluys, transacting a very successful business up to 1861. The partnership was then dissolved, and the business has since been conducted by the subject of this sketch; first, at the old warehouse, from which it was removed in 1871 to its present location, No. 67 Exchange Place. Before Mr. Oudesluys’s birth his father died, leaving his mother in very humble circum- stances. He had, therefore, none of the adventitious cir- cumstances of birth or patronage. He has been highly successful, and he attributes his success in great part to strict adherence to the rule he laid down for himself, never to enter so largely into a transaction that, if the whole capital involved resulted in disaster, serious injury might result. He married, October 8, 1844, Miss Elizabeth P. Waters, daughter of Richard and Mary B. Waters, of Bal- timore. They have had eleven children, seven of whom are living, namely : Mary Waters, born November 8, 1845; Adrian, born February 28, 1847; Julia, born November 6, 1853; Henry Thompson, born July 27, 1855; Octavius, born January 2, 1858; Louis, born December 19, 1859; and Eugene, born August 24, 1863. Mary Waters was married, in 1869, to Mr. William T. Dixon, of the firm of W. T. Dixon & Brother, wholesale boot and shoe dealers. They have two children, Bessie P., born in 1870, and Mary Bartlett, born in 1873. Adrian Oudesluys was mar- ried, June 5, 1877, to Miss Laura, daughter of Mr. Robert A. Greer, of Baltimore. Adrian Oudesluys is in the whole- sale butter, cheese, and produce house of Kennard & Oudes- luys, with C. L. Oudesluys as special partner. This firm commenced business in May, 1872, and have been very successful in attaining an excellent standing. They do business at No. 83 Exchange Place, Baltimore. Mr. Oudes- luys is Vice-President of the Baltimore Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. He has been an active member of it since 1861. He has been Treasurer of the Historical Society since 1868, and one of the Trus- tees of its Peabody Fund. He is Treasurer of the Mary- land Academy of Sciences, which position he has held since May, 1874, and is one of its Trustees. He is also a Manager of the Baltimore General Dispensary for furnish- ing gratuitous medical advice and medicines to the sick poor, and is a Manager of the Prisoners’ Aid Society for Ameliorating the Condition of Prisoners in Jails and Peni- tentiaries. For about six years he was a Manager of the Maryland Institute. In all these positions he has ever taken an active interest in promoting the objects of their organization, and in all he has served without compensa- tion. He has never taken a prominent part in politics. From his boyhood he has been identified with the Prot- 65 ; estant Episcopal Church, having attended the Sunday- school of St. Paul’s Church for many years. He is now (1878) in his sixtieth year, and in excellent health. > EONHARDT, WI tram and Joun H., Wagon and qi Ee Carriage Builders, were the sons of Henry L. Leon- “T° hardt, now deceased. William Leonhardt, the t senior partner of this firm, was born in Baltimore in April, 1843, and learned his trade with his father. His brother, John H. Leonhardt, was born in the same city in July, 1848, and learned the blacksmith’s trade. In Feb- ruary, 1871, the two brothers started in business for them- selves, under the above-named firm, at No. 61 Holliday Street, Baltimore. Here, two years later, they found them- selves straitened in room for their manufactures, the num- ber of hands in their employ having increased from two to twelve or fourteen. They accordingly removed to No. 25 Saratoga Street, near Gay Street, where they occupy a large three-story building, the blacksmith’s shop, a very commo- dious one, being in the rear of the main establishment. Mr. William Leonhardt was married in 1867, and his brother, Mr. John H., in 1872. The former is an active and highly valued member of the High Street Baptist Church, and the latter of St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church, in the Sunday-school of which he holds the position of Superintendent. Religion with them both holds a large place even in their daily business life. Each noon they hold a prayer-meeting among their workmen and appren- tices, in which all who may happen to be in the shops at the time are invited to participate. The firm has steadily prospered, and with every promise of future success. mon OHNSON, Joun, Merchant, was born, June 24, 1809, in the County of Derry, Ireland. His father, Patrick Johnson, was a native of Ireland, i but of Scotch descent, a farmer and freeholder. His 1 mother was Alice, daughter of Bernard Trainor, also a farmer and freeholder of the county of Derry, Ireland. In early youth Mr. Johnson pursued his studies at Foyle College, Londonderry. In 1835 he entered the Freshman Class of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, and graduated in 1839. After graduating, he became for four years Professor of Latin in Foyle College. He then established « Mathematical and Classical School in Castle Wellan, which he continued for five years. In 1847, September 2, he left Ireland for New York. He im- mediately became Professor in St. Mary’s College of Wil- mington, Delaware, where he taught for one year, when he went to North Carolina and taught for one year in Washington Academy. He then taught for two years in Washington Academy, Prince George’s County, Maryland. In 1853 he began the grocery business, and although inex- perienced in that line, was successful from the start. Hav- 5 en oO 510 ing but two thousand dollars capital, he began in a small way, and gradually extended his business until his sales amounted toa hundred thousand dollars in one year, being engaged in both the wholesale and retail trade. He has never given but two business notes, both of which were paid before maturity. Though in principle he is a Demo- crat, he has never taken an active part in politics. He is a member of the Catholic Church. He has always mani- fested a deep interest in educational matters, and has served as one of the School Commissioners of Baltimore. Mr. Johnson has written a number of essays on the abso- lute ownership of the land, and believes that every man who tills the soil should be the owner of it. Being aman of sound judgment and large experience, he is frequently consulted by his own countrymen in regard to their diffi- culties and business interests. IE ee NATHANIEL, J., Lawyer, was born in Jj < Braintree, Massachusetts, December 22, 1819. oe. After receiving a preliminary education in his na- *9 tive town, and taking an academic course at Ran- dolph, he, at the age of eighteen years, entered Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. He re- mained in that institution for two years, and then went to Baltimore, where he entered the mercantile establishment of Mr. Chauncey Brooks, as bookkeeper, with whom he became associated in business within two years after his engagement with him in that capacity. In 1850 he com- menced the study of law with the late John Nelson, an eminent member of the Baltimore bar, and was admitted to the practice of law in 1852. In 1861 he was appointed Assistant United States District Attorney for Maryland, Honorable William Price being the Chief Attorney. After six years’ service in the above capacity he resigned the position and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1848 he married Miss Clara Emily Gilles, daughter of Henry M. Gilles, a distinguished music teacher, of Balti- more, by which marriage he has had two children, Clara Emily and Edmund. The latter is a Civil Engineer in the State Department, Boston, Massachusetts. He married Miss Hamilton, of Baltimore. In 1863 Mr. Thayer mar- ried, a second time, Miss Abbie Locke, daughter of Judge George Locke, of Manchester, New Hampshire. SWOWOINIFIE, Wiit1am, son of James and Elizabeth G tc? Hyne Minifie, was born in Devonshire, England, “ae” August 14, 1805. He received a fair English Se education in the private schools of Totness, in that 4 county. He remembered very well the public rejoicings held on the conclusion of peace with France, when Napoleon Bonaparte was sent to Elba, and those in ns BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the following year, when the news of the great victory of Waterloo was received ; also of the great excitement which occurred several years afterward, when the news was re- ceived that the bill against Queen Caroline was thrown out of the House of Lords. His parents belonged to the National Episcopal Church, in which he was baptized, and was confirmed by the Bishop of Exeter. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner of Totness, with whom he served two years, when his master failed in business and a portion of the premium paid was lost. Shortly afterward he was apprenticed to Mr. Jacob Harvey, of Torquay, who carried on a large building business, to whom a premium of forty pounds was paid. He lived in Mr. Harvey’s family five years. During his residence at Tor- quay he became acquainted with Miss Mary White, to whom he was married, January 14, 1828, They celebrated their golden wedding in January, 1878. Immediately after their marriage they started for London, stopping at Dartmouth and at Totness, to visit his mother, then to Exeter. On the third evening they left Exeter on the top of the mail coach, arriving in London in about twenty-four hours ; the distance is now travelled by rail in four hours. On the 28th they sailed from the London docks for Baltimore, where they arrived after a very stormy passage of seventy-two days. For several months after his arrival in Baltimore, Mr. Mini- fie worked at shipjoiner’s work, the hours of labor being from sunrise to sunset, and the wages one dollar and twenty-five cents per day. He then opened a carpenter shop on his own account. In the early spring of 1830 he started for England, in the old ship Dumfries, Captain Harvey; on the second night after she left the city, she was caught in a violent storm in the Gulf Stream, which did so much damage that she returned for repairs to Baltimore, where she arrived after two weeks’ absence. Two weeks after he embarked in the ship Philip Tabb, and arrived in Liverpool in twenty days. He returned to Baltimore in the same ship, with his mother and sister, his only near rela- tives, the return voyage occupying six weeks. This was before the days of steam navigation. In 1836 Mr. Minifie was elected a member of the Maryland Academy of Sci- ence and Literature, in which he took an active part. The association was dissolved in 1844, for want of support; at the time of its dissolution he was one of the curators. In 1837 he announced himself as an architect and builder, and in that year designed and built the Front Street Theatre, in Baltimore. It was generally considered to be equal, if not superior, to any theatre then existing in the United States. It received much praise from prominent actors and others, for its interior arrangement and admirable acoustic quali- ties. In September, 1845, he was elected Teacher of Drawing in the Central High School of Baltimore, and occupied that position for five years. Drawing had. not previously been taught in any of the public schools of the city. The course of instruction he adopted was very simi- lar tq the industrial drawing now used in the public schools, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and his own work, afterward published, was used orally for instrumental drawing. In 1852 he was elected Profes- sor of Drawing for the School of Design, of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts. He de- vised a course of instruction, reorganized the school, and gave short addresses at the opening and closing of the an- nual sessions. These addresses have been published. In 1849 he published his 7extbook of Geometrical Drawing, Perspective and Shadows, to which was afterward added an Essay on the Theory and Application of Color ; the whole illustrated with fifty-six steel plates, royal 8vo. This work has been very favorably received, both in this country and in England, especially by the scientific press of both coun- tries. In 1853 it was introduced into the Department of Art of the British Government at Marlborough House, London, and was placed in the list of books recommended to the schools of art and design throughout the Kingdom. A duodecimo edition, slightly abridged, illustrated with forty-eight steel plates, was soon after published for the use of schools. Up to this time (1878), fifteen thousand copies of these books have been published, viz., nine thousand of the octavo, known to the trade as the “ Mechanical Draw- ings,” and six thousand of the 12mo., known as the “ Geo- metrical.’ _They are in use in many of the schools and colleges of the United States, and are largely used for self- instruction. Mr. Minifie has been a frequent contributor to the local press, generally on scientific subjects; his series of letters in the Baltimore American and The Sun, on the various schemes for the improvement of the harbor of Bal- timore, attracted much attention. He was one of the origi- nators of the present Maryland Academy of Sciences, and is still a member, but in consequence of increased deaf- ness, seldom attends the meetings, unless he has a commu- nication toread. In 1858 he was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, is still a member, but for the reason above given, does not attend the meetings; he takes great interest, however, in reading the published proceedings of the Association. He became a naturalized American citizen about 1833, having given notice of his intention shortly after his arrival in Baltimore, which city has been his residence for fifty years. He has never taken an active part in politics, nor held any political appointment; he has, however, always had very decided opinions. He was an old-line Whig, and voted for Henry Clay for President, was a very decided out- spoken Union man during the civil war, and is a firm Re- publican at present. He is of temperate habits and cheer- ful disposition. His pleasant manners, intelligence, and intedity, have won for him the esteem and confidence of the community. Though born and educated in England, he has become fully imbued with the spirit and the best elements and character of an American citizen. In religion he does not hold to any particular creed, but inclines to liberal views. He was one of the originators of the Mary- land Mechanics’ Institute, and also of the Allston Associa- Sir tion. The object proposed when the Allston Association was first formed, was the formation of a life school, and other aids for the benefit of artists and amateurs, but with the exception of a few exhibitions of pictures, at some of the meetings of the Association, nothing was done in aid of art; it was soon converted into a social club. He has In 1847 he purchased the stock of a book and stationery store, to which he soon added drawing instruments and materials, as his own ex- perience as architect and teacher had shown him the need of such a depot, and some years later added artists’ ma- terials to his stock. He occupied the premises 114 West Baltimore Street for twenty-nine years. Since 1868 his eldest son, J. Woodfin Minifie, has been associated with him as a partner. In 1876 they removed to No. 5 North Charles Street. always been active in art measures. % an ILSON, WILLIAM, senior member of the eminent a } shipping firm, in its day, of William Wilson & “a” Sons, was born in Limerick, Ireland, in1750. His father was James Wilson, a native of Scotland, who first removed to London, and afterwards to Ireland, settling near Limerick. When William was twenty years of age he came to America, and, in 1773, married Miss Jane Stonsbury, of Baltimore County, Maryland. By energy and strict integrity in business he accumulated sufficient means to enable him, after the close of the Revolutionary war, to engage in the shipping business, and under the firm of Wilson & Maris, to become an importer of goods. That house was established in 1790. Twelve years later, in 1802, he took two of his sons, James and Thomas, into partnership, under the style of William Wilson & Sons. No house ever established in Baltimore has had a more enviable record. William Wilson & Sons became owners of a large number of vessels, and carried on an extensive trade with China, Calcutta, Batavia, and other ports in the East Indies, Holland, England, Brazil, and the West coast of South America. Their ships navigated every sea and traded in every available port, bringing Baltimore into commercial relations with every part of the habitable globe. This house long conducted a prosperous shipping trade, enjoying, during the sixty years of its active existence, the highest credit, and its several members commanding uni- versal respect. In 1862 they retired from active business, disposing of their vessels, but the seniors, David S. and Thomas J., still retain the old firm name; while the juniors, Henry R. and James G., have taken to other pur- suits. William Wilson, its founder, was highly esteemed for his nobility of character. He was urbane, upright, and beneficent. He gave material encouragement to every benevolent enterprise. He was an active member and most liberal supporter of the Baptist Church, and con- 512 tributed largely towards building the house of worship for the use of the First Baptist Church, on the corner of Sharp and Lombard streets, a church whose history has been closely identified with the progress of Baltimore, civilly and religiously. Mr. Wilson evinced his love for the coun- try of his adoption by open-handed and well-timed gen- erosity. In 1814, when no funds could be obtained from ‘Washington to meet the obligations of the Government, he tendered the Navy Agent, James Beatty, a loan of fifty thousand dollars, and then, on its repayment, refused in- terest, saying that ‘the money was lying idle, and it was just as well that the Government should have the use of it.’ William Wilson was a member of the Maryland Legislature during one term, being nominated on account of his undoubted popularity to replace a candidate with- drawn on the morning of the election. He died, March 30, 1824, leaving three sons and one daughter. He occu- pied a number of important positions of responsibility and trust, which he most satisfactorily filled. For seventeen years he was President of the Bank of Baltimore, and a prominent member of other leading corporations. His family became one of the most cultivated and influential in the State, and widely and honorably connected. James G. Wilson, a member of William Wilson & Sons, until they ceased active business, and William B., great-grandsons of William Wilson, and sons of David L. Wilson, are part- ners in the banking-house of Wilson, Colston & Co., Balti- more. William Wilson Corcoran, the distinguished banker and philanthropist, was named after him, and is a grand- nephew. Mr. Wilson’s eldest son, James Wilson, was born December 3, 1775. He married Miss Mary Shields, daughter of David Shields, of Chester County, Pennsyl- vania. His death occurred February 10, 1851. He was actively engaged in business as a member of the firm of William Wilson & Sons until his death. He was a Di- rector in the Bank of Baltimore from the time of his father’s demise, and during the latter part of William Lorman’s Presidency of that bank was acting President, on account of that gentleman’s ill health. On the death of Mr. Lor- man he was offered the Presidency, but his own failing health constrained him to decline. He was President of the Board of Trade, and of the Baltimore General Dispen- sary, a charitable institution, founded in 1801, of which his father was one of the original incorporators. He was a member of the First Baptist Church. In the attack of the British on Baltimore, in 1814, he was a member of the Committee of Vigilance and Safety, which governed the city during that trying period. He was also a member of the City Council in 1819. He had ten children. His son David S., on the death of his father, became senior mem- ber of the firm of William Wilson & Sons. While holding aloof from public positions generally, like his father and grandfather, he had been identified with the Bank of Bal- timore, of which he served as Director for nearly thirty years, and the Presidency of which he was offered, but de- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. clined on account of pressing business engagements. Since his retirement from active commercial pursuits he has passed a great part of his time in extensive foreign travel, having made several visits to Europe, and travelled through parts of Asia and Africa, and also visiting the most interesting portions of the United States. He married Mary Hollins, daughter of William L. Bowly, and granddaughter of Daniel Bowly, one of the Town Commissioners before Baltimore was incorporated as a city, and for whom Bowly’s Wharf was named. The other children were Jane S., of Baltimore County, who married Robert P. Brown, a mer- chant of Baltimore, son of Dr. George Brown, an eminent Irish physician, who came to Baltimore during the yellow fever scourge; Eliza McKim, who never married; Wil- liam C., who was engaged in agricultural and horticultural pursuits, and was one of the first to import and introduce into Maryland Alderney or Jersey cattle. He was never married, and died April 20, 1878; Mary L., who married Henry Patterson, son of William Patterson, and brother of Madame Bonaparte; Anne R., wife of Frederick Har- rison, of Baltimore County, formerly of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mr. Harrison, who was a graduate of West Point, belonged to the United States Topographical Engineers, and was one of the party to make the first reconnoissance for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1827, and to locate the road from tidewater to Ellicott’s Mills in 1828; Thomas J., a member of the firm of William Wilson & Sons, married Maria D’Arcy, who died at Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, England ; Henry R., also a member of the same firm, who married Sallie Skinner, of Talbot County,-Maryland; James, who died at the age of eleven years; and Melville, who died at twenty-nine. William Wilson’s second son, Thomas Wilson, was born in1777. He married Mary Cruse, of Alexandria, Virginia, and died February 12,1845. His children were, James Hamilton, who married Margaret M. Marriott, and died in 1853, leaving three children; William Thomas, who married Henrietta D’Arcy, and died in 1852, also leaving three children; Emma, who married Thomas U. Teackle, and died in 1861, leaving a daughter; Mary Cruse, who married J. McKine Marriott, and died in 1856, leaving four children; and Franklin Wilson, who married Virginia Appleton, of Portland, Maine, and has been the well-known pastor of several Baptist churches in Balti- more. William Wilson’s third son was William Wilson, Jr. He was born in 1779, and married for his first wife, Ann Carsen, of Alexandria, Virginia, by whom he had two daughters, Ann, who never married, and Jane, who married Mr, Sandford. His second wife was Mary Knox, daughter of the Rev. Samuel Knox, President of the old Baltimore College, on Mulberry Street, opposite Cathedral Street, now the University of Maryland. By this mar- riage he had issue as follows: Isabella, who married Lan- caster Ould, of Baltimore; William K., of St. Louis, who married Miss Wise, of Alexandria, Virginia; Samuel, died at St. Louis; James Thomas, died young, in 1839; & Loirec ie LG EOD BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Fayette, of St. Louis, now in Baltimore, married Miss Slingluff; Mary E., wife of Charles M. Keyser, of Balti- more; Martha, married Alexander Kelly, deceased ; Han- nah, second wife of Alexander Kelly; and Lewis, now living in St. Louis. Thomas and William Wilson, Jr., sons of William Wilson, Sr., belonged to the ‘“ Inde- pendent Blues,” of the Fifth Maryland Regiment, com- manded by Captain Aaron R. Levering. William was a lieutenant of the company, and they were both with the regiment at the battle of Bladensburg, and in the vanguard at the battle of North Point, when the British General Ross was killed. William Wilson, Sr.’s daughter was Hannah. She was born about 1781, and died, May, 1854. She married Mr. Peter Levering. Her only surviving children are Thomas W. Levering, and Louisa S., widow of William W. Lawrason. ee Rosert T., Grand Scribe and Past Grand Kat Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance, was ae * born in the city of Baltimore in 1814. He received { his education at private schools and the Baltimore Col- lege, and at the age of fifteen years, entered as clerk the Ellicott Iron Works, on the Patapsco River, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. After serving in that capacity for about five years, he returned to Baltimore, where, for some three years, he carried on the business of an account- ant. He was subsequently engaged for over two years in teaching at Franklin, Baltimore County, in Baltimore city, and other places. During the last-mentioned period he read law, with a view to fitting himself for the convey- ancing business, which he designed to ultimately engage in. After pursuing mercantile business for four or five years, he established himself in the above vocation about the year 1856, and at once entered upon a lucrative busi- ness, enjoying the implicit confidence of members of the bar, and those possessing or representing large property interests. That business he has been steadily and success- fully prosecuting for over twenty-two years. Though diligent in business, Mr. Smith has, from his earliest man- hood, been devoted to the cause of temperance. Indeed, it may be said that no man in the country has been more thoroughly, and for a greater period of time, identified with temperance movements than Mr. Smith. As far back as 1837 he took an active part in the organization and work of the Franklin Temperance Society, in Franklin, Balti- more County, of which he was the Secretary, being asso- ciated with many eminent men, including Rev. Dr. Francis Waters, afterwards Principal of the Baltimore Male High School; Dr. Christopher C. Cox, subsequently Lieutenant- Governor of Marylannd; Dr. Hand, and Rev. William Stevens. The next temperance organization in which he became an active co-laborer, was the Young Men’s Tem- 513 perance Association of Baltimore. This society was in existence for several years. Upon the introduction of the Order of the Sons of Temperance into Baltimore in 1843, Mr. Smith immediately became one of its most active and earnest members. He has held every office in the Order. As an evidence of his efficiency as an officer and the high esteem in which he was held by his Temperance brethren, it may be stated that he was the first Grand Worthy Pa- triarch of the State of Maryland elected for two years in immediate succession. Mr. Smith took a very active part in the earliest movements for the erection of the Temper- ance Temple on Gay Street, in the city of Baltimore. In 1858 he was elected as one of the Board of Managers of that building by the Grand Division of the Sons of Tem- perance, which position he has held since that time, for twelve years occupying the Chairmanship of the Board. In 1869 he was elected Grand Scribe of the State of Mary- land. Mr. Smith has been prominently identified with all the other Temperance organizations of the State. He has filled all the offices in the Temple of Honor and the Good Templars, and is the chief officer of the Jonadabs, a Tem- perance organization recently formed. He took a very active part in the organization of the Cadets of Temper- ance in 1845, at which time he was elected Superintendent of that Order, and has ever since held that position. He is also a member of the National Division, Sons of Tem- perance of North America, and a prominent and efficient worker in the Gospel Temperance movement. In 1838 he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has ever since been a zealous member. He has taken a very deep interest in the Sabbath-school work, especially during his connection with the “ Strawbridge’’ Church. For many years he has been an attendant of the old « Whatcoat’’ Church. Mr. Smith’s father was Benjamin Betties Smith, a native of New York. He was for many years a Captain in the Merchants’ Service, sailing from Baltimore and other ports. During the war of 1812 he was an officer in the Marine Corps, and served as such in the defence of Baltimore in 1814. Captain Smith married Ann Thompson, daughter of Robert Thompson, a mer- chant of Belfast, Ireland. In 1835 Mr. Smith married Miss Mary E. Ream, daughter of Captain George Ream, who commanded merchant vessels out of the port of Balti- more. They have had eight children, five of whom are living, one son and four daughters. The son, Robert T. Smith, Jr., studied law, was admitted to the Baltimore bar, practiced for two years, and then, through the promptings of duty, abandoned a lucrative practice to enter the min- istry of the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Robert T. Smith, Sr., has always led a quiet, unobtrusive life. He has carefully avoided politics, and though frequently so- licited to fill public positions, including membership of the City Council and the State Legislature, has invariably de- clined. His life has been an exemplary one, devoted as it has been to the cause of reform. 514 es REVEREND HENRY RODLEY, D.D., was born in England, February 27, 1837. His pa- rents, Henry and Mary Naylor, descended from two of the oldest families in the West Riding of Yorkshire, came to America in his infancy, and set- tled in Buffalo, New York. His early education was ob- tained at the public schools, and he commenced his classical studies, which were, however, interrupted by the death of his father. A few years later he took a full course “at the Indiana State University, and received the degree of A.M., after which he engaged in teaching and bookkeeping, to assist in the support of his mother. During the winter of 1857 he was converted at a revival meeting in the old John Street Methodist Church, New York, and after a brief theological preparation entered the Indiana Conference. His first appointment was to a small and poor circuit, but each year he was called to positions of greater responsi- bility. The last three years of the sixteen spent in that State he had charge of the Meridian Street Church, In- dianapolis, the largest in the Conference, which, during his pastorate, was greatly increased in members. In 1872 the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Asbury University. In March, 1875, he was transferred by Bishop Wiley to the Fayette Street Church, Baltimore, where he preached for the three years following. It was seldom that the crowds who attended could be comfortably seated. On leaving that church it had, with one exception, the largest membership in the Conference. In March, 1878, Dr. Naylor was appointed by Bishop E. R. Ames to the charge of Metropolitan Church, Washington, District of Columbia, where he is meeting with great success. He is a close student, and devotes himself assiduously to meet the requirements of the large and cultivated congregations who attend upon his preaching. He has spent one year in Europe, which greatly recuperated his physical energies, and added largely to his stores of instruction and entertain- ment. He is a member of the Orders of Odd Fellows and Masons, but owing to the pressing demands upon his time has been able to give very little attention to either. He is a Republican and an Abolitionist both by nature and educa- tion. He was married, in October, 1855, to Laura E., only daughter of Benjamin T. and Jane Adams, of Clarence, Erie County, New York, and has had four children, three of whom are living. Dr. Naylor is one of the most interest- ing, instructive, and popular ministers of his denomination. ens a RVING, Levin THomas Hanpy, Judge of the First & Judicial Circuit of Maryland, was born April 8, He 1828, in Salisbury, Somerset County, Maryland. i His father, Dr. Handy Harris Irving, was a son of Dr. Levin Irving, and was distinguished in his day as a gentleman of wide culture, and master of two professions, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He studied medicine to please his guardian, and although preferring another science, achieved great celebrity as a practitioner, and was‘elected to a Professorship in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland, which he declined. To gratify his own taste, after practicing medicine fifteen years, he studied law, and soon took high rank in this profession, at a period when the Somerset bar was greatly distinguished in the State for the ability and eminence of its members, The labor imposed by the practice of two professions (for he was never permitted to relinquish, entirely, the former), was too much for his _ physical endurance, and he died before he had attained his forty-third year, Judge Irving’s mother was Peggy Ker Handy, daughter of William Handy, Esq., of Som- erset County, and granddaughter of Rev. Jacob Ker, who fer thirty years was pastor of the Manokin Presbyterian Church in Somerset County. Judge Irving was sent to school when four years of age. His classical studies were begun at the Salisbury Academy, under the direction of the Rev. John H. Dashiell, D.D., who afterwards married a sister of the Judge. His academic course was completed at Washington Academy near Princess Anne, under the tuition of Matthew Spencer, Esq, At the age of sixteen he went to Princeton College, when he entered the junior class and graduated with distinction in 1846. Upon his return from Princeton, he entered the law office of his uncle, William W. Handy, then an eminent member of the Somerset bar. He was admitted to the bar in 1849, im- mediately after his arrival at his majority, and practiced law in Somerset County until 1856, when he removed to Cincinnati and formed a partnership with the Hon. Eli P. Norton. Having returned to Maryland the following year, to settle his unfinished business, he was prevailed upon to remain and resume the practice of his profession in Som- erset County. In 1858 he settled in Princess Anne, where he still resides. In 1859 he entered into a law partnership with the Hon. Isaac D, Jones, late Attorney-General of the State. This firm continued in the full tide of a suc- cessful practice until the fall of 1867, when Mr. Jones was elected Attorney-General of Maryland, and Mr. Irving was elected one of the Associate Judges of the First Judi- cial Circuit of Maryland, which position he has acceptably filled ever since. Judge Irving, early in life, espoused the principles of the Democratic party, and although never regarded as a partisan politician, he has enjoyed, in a re- markable degree, the confidence of that organization, to which he has always remained steadfast. Although firm in his convictions as a Democrat, he has never permitted his party predilections to warp his decisions as a judge. Indeed, such is his abhorrence of a partisan judgeship and his fears of showing political bias, that his friends have sometimes thought he leaned'in the opposite direction. He is universally esteemed in his Judicial Circuit, as an able and upright judge. As early in life as his thirteenth year he connected himself with the Church, and is now, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and has been for many years, an elder in the Presbyterian Church in Princess Anne. He has been a member of the Masonic Order since 1856. He married in 1865 Florence, eldest daughter of Thomas T. Upshur, of Northampton County, Virginia, who is not less distinguished in social circles for her benevolent disposition, refined and graceful manners, and attractive virtues, than is the Judge for the fidelity, integrity and ability with which he discharges the duties of his official position. CDH AD GKWeANDY, Wittiam W. In 1789 William Handy, a ] . son of George Handy, and grandson of Colonel Isaac Handy (all of Somerset County), married a Betsy Ker, daughter of Rev. Jacob Ker, pastor of Manokin and Wicomico Presbyterian churches from 1765 to 1795, when he died. Mr. Ker was of Stotch descent, his grandfather, Walter Ker, having been banished from Scotland during the persecution in the reign of James II, and having settled in Monmouth County, New Jersey. William W. Handy, son of William and Betsy Handy, was born February 21, 1802, at ‘“‘ Handy Hall,” his father’s plantation on Wicomico River, near Salisbury. He first attended a country school, and when sufficiently advanced in his studies was sent to Washington Academy, an insti- tution then noted throughout the peninsula for its thorough teachers and course of study. When his academical course was completed he went to Snow Hill to study law with Hon. Ephraim K. Wilson, a kinsman of his father and mother, and one of the noted lawyers of thatday. He ‘so impressed his preceptor with the acuteness of his legal. perceptions, that he told his parents he would certainly make his mark. His subsequent career fulfilled the pre- diction. - Soon after his majority he was admitted to the bar, and before his twenty-second year was completed, he wedded Anne D. Huston, daughter of Dr. John Huston, of Salisbury. He then removed to Princess Anne, the county-seat, to practice law. In a short time thereafter he was fully established, and at thirty-five years of age he was the acknowledged leader of the bar, and could measure swords with the ablest in the courts of the counties where he practiced. He was exhaustive in research, vigorous in thought, terse, sententious and logical in debate. Before a jury he was almost without a rival. He posssessed the rare faculty of grouping the strong points and facts in such close and compact array, excluding all others, as rarely to lose a verdict. He made his client’s case his own, and always labored with such zeal as to command confidence, admiration, and success. Though he has been dead twenty-two years, his influence for good at the bar is still felt. In 1848 he was induced to try Cincinnati as a larger field for his abilities, but the cholera came, and 515 threatening his family he returned the next year to Som- erset and resumed his practice, which at once returned to him, At the age of fifty he found his health so undermined by excessive labor that he was compelled to withdraw from active practice. He died in-1857. His first wife died in 1832, leaving him three children, two sons, Robert D. Handy, now a lawyer in Covington, Kentucky; John H. Handy, now practicing law at Baltimore; and a daughter, Anne, who married J. Hopkinson Smith, of Baltimore, and died, 1860. In 1834 he married Sally B. Upshur, daughter of John Upshur, of Northampton County, Vir- ginia. She still lives. Rev. William C. Handy, Presby- terian minister in Schoharie, New York, and a daughter, are the only children of that marriage. He was elected a member of the House of Delegates in 1839, the only public office he ever accepted. He was a very effi- cient member of that body, and distinguished himself by his speeches. He was a free-trade and States-rights Dem- ocrat. He indorsed Calhoun’s nullification doctrines. He sustained Gov. Vesey, as Governor, in preserving the State government in Maryland against disorganizers, who held there was an interregnum by failure to elect a Governor by the electoral college. He opposed Van Buren, and sus- tained Harrison and Tyler in 1840, but adhered to Tyler and his Democratic doctrines. He was a member of the famous free-trade convention in Philadelphia. bold and succeesful leader, who always rejected place. He was a zealous member of the Presbyterian Church, a rigid temperance man, and a man of elegant and refined manners, and very commanding appearance. He was a Ws COLONEL EPHRAIM KING, Lawyer and i ) 3 Statesman, was born at the family residence on ee the Manokin River, near Princess Anne, Som- erset County, Maryland, March 13, 1771. His father, David Wilson, was a descendant of one of the earliest settlers of that county, and the family were then numerous, wealthy, and influential. His mother was Priscilla Winder, the sister of General Levin Winder, once Governor of the State. They were all ardent patriots, and one of the earliest recollections of Colonel Wilson was the capture of his father’s house by the Tories during the Rev- olutionary war, and their cruel wounding of his father in the presence of his wife and children. He was prepared for college in the schools of his county, and graduated at Princeton in 1790, His father having in the meantime removed to Worcester County, he there studied law, and afterwards practiced his profession, extending his labors into the adjoining counties. His success from the first was unusual ; but his tastes inclined him more to politics, for which he seemed especially fitted by his talents, his courteous and winning manners, his quick and ready sym- 516 pathy with the people, and his profuse and generous nature. He represented his county a number of times in the General Assembly ; also held other important State offices, and was twice elected to the National House of Representatives, first in 1826, and again in 1828. In later life he was offered a seat on the bench, but as his profession yielded him a larger income for meeting the increasing expenses of his family, he was compelled to decline the honor. His long continuance in public life could not fail to cripple the resources of one so noted for his liberality, and his em- barrassments were increased by the failure of certain enterprises which his public spirit had led him largely to aid in initiating and fostering. A large woollen* factory, in which he was one of the largest stockholders, was, with its contents, entirely destroyed by fire, and a bank which he had largely contributed to start in his county, owing to the mismanagement of others, failed, proving to him a heavy loss. His honorable nature would, in these circum- stances, permit him to take but one course ; he surrendered his property to his creditors, and roused himself to re- newed efforts in the profession which he had somewhat neglected, and though past middle life became the leading lawyer of his day and section. Though he had lost his large estates, and his labors to support his family and educate his children were severe, he always retained the same happy, cheerful disposition, and his usefulness and popularity never abated. Throughout his long life and all the mutations of politics, he was always the favorite of the people, and no man ever wielded a larger influence in his section, or with less fluctuation. Always liked, and never distrusted, characterized by good sense, good humor, high principle, and great moral purity, Colonel Wilson was a true gentleman of the olden time. His appearance was attractive and imposing, his manner at all times indi- cating refinement and good breeding. He was originally a Federalist in politics. In the general disruption which finally came he was the supporter of Mr. Crawford, for whom he was a candidate for Elector ; but after the retire- ment of that gentleman from political life, he became and always continued a warm friend of General Jackson. Colonel Wilson first married Sally Handy, daughter of Colonel Samuel Handy, of Worcester County. One of her children,sMary Wilson, became the wife of Edward D. Ingraham, a prominent lawyer of Philadelphia. He was married a second time to Ann Gunby, daughter of General John Gunby, of the same county. Her daughter, Priscilla Wilson, became the wife of Judge Asa Spence, of the Maryland Court of Appeals; another daughter, Ann Wilson, married Walter P. Snow, once a leading lawyer and highly esteemed citizen of the above county. One of the sons of the last marriage, W. Sydney Wilson, removed to Mississippi, where he ranked among the first lawyers of the State. He enlisted his fortunes with his section in the late war, and after a highly honorable career as a soldier, and attaining the rank of Colonel, was mortally wounded BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. . in the battle of Antietam. Another son, Ephraim K. Wilson, after having represented his district in Congress, is now one of the Associate Judges of the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland. Colonel Wilson died January 2, 1834. We. Hon. Epuraim K., was born December () | 22, 1821, in Snow Hill, Worcester County, Maryland. His father, whose full name he as was one of the most accomplished gentle- men and lawyers of his day; and his son, the sub- ject of this sketch, fully represents his father in both char- acters. His mother, Anne D. Wilson, was a daughter of General John Gunby. When Judge. Wilson was but a lad his father died. He attended school at the Academy in Snow Hill until he was fifteen years old, when he entered a store in Philadelphia as a clerk. He had remained there but a year, when Judge Asa Spence (one of the Judges of the Circuit), who had married his sister, perceiving his promise, generously assumed the expense of his education, and induced him to return to school. He then went to Washington Academy in Somerset County, and thence to Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1840. For about six years after leaving col- lege he taught school, first in Washington Academy, and afterward in the Academy in Snow Hill, during which period he studied law. In the autumn of 1847 he was elected a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland for Worcester County. In the spring of 1848 he opened a law office in Snow Hill. His merit soon brought him clients, and for twenty years he practiced with energy and success, increasing all the time in reputation and influence, and enjoying an enviable share of both. To get rid of the excitements of the trial table and courts, which he found affecting his health, in the summer of 1867 he wholly with- drew from the bar and retired to his farm, leaving his re- cently associated partner, John H. Handy, Esq., now of Baltimore city, in sole possession of a large and lucrative practice. In 1852 he was an Elector on the Pierce and King ticket, and distinguished himself by his speeches in the canvass. Thereafter he became the acknowledged leader of the Democratic party in Worcester County, and exercised a large influence in the councils of the party in the State. After his retirement from the bar he was in- duced to accept the position of Examiner and Treasurer of the School Board of Worcester County. This position he resigned in 1869, after holding it fora year. In 1872 he was called from his retirement by being nominated and elected to Congress. In the House of Representatives he earned a reputation rarely acquired in one term. His speech on civil rights, and especially the mixed school prop- osition, was considered fully equal if not superior to any delivered on that subject in either branch of the National BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Legislature. Disliking public life, he declined a renomi- nation, and again retired to the indulgence of his farming and literary tastes. Upon the death of Judge Franklin, in the winter of 1878, notwithstanding his long retirement from the bar, all eyes turned to him as the proper successor to the vacant seat on the bench of the First Circuit. The Governor appointed him, and he now fills the place of As- sociate Judge of the Circuit with marked ability. He has been twice married. In 1853 he married Mary Dicker- son, a daughter of Peter Dickerson, of Worcester County. She left him two children: Hon. William S. Wilson, mem- ber of the House of Delegates of Maryland from Worcester County in 1878, and Miss Ella Wilson. In 1869 he mar- ried Julia A. Knox, daughter of James Knox, of Snow Hill, and four children bless that marriage. In early manhood he united with the Presbyterian Church—the church of his ancestors—and has through life been an earnest defender of its faith. A thorough scholar and discriminating lawyer, he was, while at the bar, a warm and impassioned advo- cate. Asa judge he commands universal respect and con- fidence. As a citizen and a friend he has always been pro- verbially true. dyLAGGETT, JosepH Epwarp, M.D., was born in I Pleasant Valley, Washington County, Maryland, September 5, 1830. He is the only son of the late Dr. James Hawkins Claggett and Elizabeth Ann L Claggett. The former was a native of Montgomery County, Maryland, and in addition to fine personal traits of character was of high professional standing. Dr. J. E. Claggett’s mother is the daughter of Edward and Mary Ann Garrott, and granddaughter of Dr. Zachariah Clag- gett, who was an incorporator of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. She is of a warm and generous nature, and has done much to mould and develop the char- acter of her only son. The Claggetts are of English de- scent, and include among the members of their family Bishop Thomas John Claggett, the founder of St. Peter’s Episcopal Church in Baltimore. Dr. Claggett received the rudiments of his education at the private schools in the neighborhood of the place of his nativity. In early life he developed a taste and inclination for the study of medi- cine. After reading in his father’s office eighteen months he attended three courses of medical lectures, of eight months each, in the Winchester Medical College, of Vir- ginia. He subsequently attended the medical colleges of Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Richmond, Virginia, and Charleston, South Carolina. In 1851 he began the practice of medicine in his father’s office, but after four years of laborious professional work in a mountainous country he was attacked with incipient consumption, and was compelled to desist from practice, and seek the warmer 66 BN on rm. 517 and more congenial climate of the Southern States. He returned to his home after an absence of seven months, somewhat improved in health, but yet unable to resume his practice. He then engaged in the drug business at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in which he remained for six years, from 1855 to 1861. During his residence at Har- per’s Ferry the John Brown raid occurred. Dr. Claggett knew John Brown well. ' When the Confederate Army, under General Joe Johnston, fell back upon Winchester, Dr. Claggett abandoned his home and business, and went to Richmond, where, after passing the Army Medical Exam- ining Board as full surgeon, he joined General Lee’s army, and remained in the field until the surrender at Appomat- tox Court-house. He held the position of Chief Surgeon of the Army Hospital, better known as the Receiving and Forwarding Hospital, A. N. Virginia. His experience in the field restored him to perfect health. At the close of the war he settled in Baltimore, where he resumed the practice of his profession. At the reopening of the Medi- cal Department of the Washington University, in 1866, he was elected Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, which position he held with honor during a period of six years, when he was transferred to the chair of Obstetrics, lecturing in that branch for four years. Dr. Claggett is a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. During 1878 he travelled extensively in Europe, visiting the principal medical schools and hospitals. He married, in 1850, Sidney C. Lindsay, daughter of Mr. Lewis Lind- say, of Winchester, Virginia, by whom he has one child, a daughter. rene, FREDERICK, Associate Judge of the Second fity) Judicial Circuit of Maryland, was born in Cecil x County, March 17, 1837. He was graduated at z Princeton College in the class of 1859, and was one L of the junior orators of that class. He read law with his uncle by marriage, the Hon. James T. McCul- lough, of Elkton, and was admitted to the bar of Cecil in 1861, became associated in practice with Mr. McCul- lough, and prosecuted his profession assiduously until 1867, when he was elected Associate Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit of Maryland, which position he now holds, and is remarkable for his clearness of perception, legal knowledge, and sound judgment. Judge Stump in- herits the characteristic German fondness (which all his ancestors have manifested), for land and agricultural pur- suits, and stock raising, and devotes his leisure time to looking after his blooded stock and farm on Deer Creek, in Harford County. Although the family have been strong partisans, yet they never entered the political arena for personal preferment, and Judge Stump (of the fifth generation who have resided in Cecil County since 1700), 518 is the first of the name, in the direct line of descent, who has ever held or been a candidate for any office (Judge Henry Stump, of Baltimore, was an uncle, and the present State Senator from Harford County, Herman Stump, Jr., being a cousin). John Stump, the progenitor of the family, was a Prussian, a cousin of the Frederick Von Trench, who figured in the reign of Frederick the Great, - and who was imprisoned for aspiring to the hand of the sister of that monarch. He and Mary, his wife, came to America about 1700, and purchased a large tract of land (near what is now Perryville) in Cecil County, whereon they resided until the time of their death. John Stump died in 1747, leaving two sons, John and Henry. The latter moved to Harford (then Baltimore) County shortly after the death of his father. John married Hannah, a daughter of William Husband, « descendant on the female side of Augustine Herman, and continued to reside in Cecil County until 1796, when he sold both his own estate and that of his wife, that had descended to her from Augustine Herman, on Bohemia Manor, and in 1797 re- moved to Harford County. The other brother, Henry, married Rachel Perkins, and had a large family of children, one of whom, named John, married his cousin, Hannah, daughter of his uncle, John Stump, and removed to Balti- more city, where for many years he was engaged in mercantile business, confining himself principally to the Spanish trade. In 1800 he retired from business, pur- chased the farm near Perryville, in Cecil County, known as “Perry Point,” and resided there until his death in 1828. This valuable estate is now owned and occupied by his son John, who married Mary Alecin, daughter of Colonel George E. Mitchell and his wife Mary, zee Hooper, of Dorchester County, Maryland. Their son Frederick, the subject of this sketch, is one of ten living children. Their names are Mary H., wife of the late Rev. T.S.C. Smith; Anna, wife of William Webster; Catharine W., wife of Dr. James M. Magraw, all of Harford County ; Henrietta, wife of Alexander Mitchell, now of Philadel- phia; Frederick, John, Dr. George M., Henry, Arthur, Elizabeth H.,.and Alicia M., of Cecil County. Colonel Mitchell was of the regular army, and served through the war of 1812 with distinction. He received a vote of thanks from Congress, and a sword from the State of Maryland. Having been graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1805, after the war he resigned his commission in the army, and thereafter, practiced his pro- fession in Cecil County until his death in 1833, which oc- curred while he was serving his third term in Congress. He was the son of Dr. Abraham Mitchell, of Chestnut Level, Pennsylvania, who in 1768 removed to Elkton, Cecil County, and continued to reside there and practice his profession until his death in 1816. During the Revo- lutionary war, he turned his dwelling into a hospital for the sick and wounded American soldiers. He married Mary, daughter of Ephraim Thompson, the son of Richard BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Thompson, whose father’s name was also Richard, and who was the son of John Thompson. His wife, Judith, was a daughter of Augustine Herman. The Stumps are a large and prominent famity in Cecil, Harford, and Baltimore counties, in Baltimore city, and in the States of Virginia and Texas. We 9, ay ROELEN, RicHARD HENRY, Lawyer, was born in oy i Charles County, Maryland, in November, 1830. ia His father, George Edelen, farmer, of the above g county, died in 1855. Richard’s mother was Sarah Q., daughter of Raphael Jameson, of Charles County. She died in 1873. She was a most estimable lady, and a devoted Christian; and her husband was highly esteemed for his upright character and morality. After five years’ at- tendance at a private school, young Edelen was sent to Charlotte Hall, St. Mary’s County, where he was placed at an excellent school, under the direction of James Milti- more, a well-known teacher of that county, who prepared him for Georgetown College, District of Columbia, in which institution he became a student, and graduated there- from in 1847. During the first year after his graduation he taught a primary school and began the study of law, for which he had early evinced an inclination. His law pre- ceptor was General Chapman, an ex-member of Congress, of Charles County. In 1848 he went to Ballston Spa, New York, when he entered the law school then under the direc- tion of Professor John W. Fowler, where he continued his legal studies for nearly two years. On account of failing eyesight he was compelled to relinquish his studies at the above place sooner than he originally intended. Returning to Charles County he was admitted to the bar, and entered on the practice of his profession, in which he has been very successful. In 1855 Mr. Edelen was elected as State’s Attorney for Charles County, over his opponent, Robert S. Reeder, who was the candidate of the American or « Know-Nothing”’ party. He was twice re-elected to the position, thus serving therein continuously for twelve years. He was a member of the State Constitutional Con- vention of 1864, and took an active part in its proceed- ings. He resides on an extensive estate, known as “ Chest- nut Hill,” near Port Tobacco, which, under his scientific farming and management, is in a high state of cultivation. Though conducting his farm his chief time and attention are devoted to his profession. To a very great extent Mr. Edelen is the architect of his own fortune, and his success in life may be attributed to his persistent industry and un- tiring energy. It is generally conceded that he occupies the foremost rank at the bar of Charles County. His practice is very large and remunerative. Mr. Edelen mar- ried, June, 1858, Miss Mary B., daughter of John Hamil- ton, of Charles County, a wealthy and well-known citizen. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. WiRVOUCHSTONE, Honoraste JAMEs Mownror, Dy Manufacturer and Legislator, was born October * 31, 1846, at Reading, Berks County, Pennsylva- : nia. His father, James Touchstone, was extensively engaged in the iron-railing business, and was elected to the Maryland Legislature on the Democratic ticket in 1868 and 1870. Mr. Touchstone received a common-school education in Cecil County, Maryland, and since the death of his father, he and his brother have been carrying on successfully the business established by him, the firm name being J. M. Touchstone & Brother. Mr. Touchstone was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in the year 1877. WN ORRISON, Rosert DicuTon, Attorney-at-law, SM was born December 20, 1830, at Wheeling, a Virginia. His father, Joseph Morrison, a native oy of Ireland, upon coming to the United States, settled in Wheeling, Virginia, where he became a prominent and successful dealer in iron, and soon suc- ceeded, by his sterling qualities of mind and heart, in winning the esteem and respect of his fellow-citizens, He married Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Richard Tydings, an eminent divine of the Methodist Episcopal Church, well known also as the author of Zydings on Succes- ston, whose family for three or four generations had been natives of Maryland. Joseph Morrison died at the early age of forty-two years, leaving eight children. His son Robert, after attending school in Wheeling, was sent, at thirteen years of age, to the city of Baltimore, and there entered the drug business, as a preparatory step to the study of medicine, his father designing him for a phy- sician. After remaining in Baltimore about four years, he enlisted in the United States Army during the progress of the war with Mexico. But the sudden and unexpected termination of hostilities, a few days after his enlistment, prevented him from being sent to Mexico as he expected. Having enlisted for five years, he was assigned to Com- pany A, Corps of Engineers, at that time commanded by Captain, afterwards General, George B. McClellan, and stationed at West Point, at which place he remained on duty for two years and three months, when he succeeded in obtaining his discharge from the service, and imme- diately returned to Baltimore. On his return to that city, he endeavored to secure employment which would enable him to carry out his original plan of fitting himself for the medical profession, but finally decided to study law. He therefore entered the office of James Malcom, Esq., and began his legal studies. Meanwhile he obtained a situa- tion in the Mercantile Library to arrange and classify the books, and afterwards received an appointment as teacher in a public school of Baltimore County. During the last year of his preparatory studies he entered the office of 519 Benjamim C, Barroll, Esq,, who allowed him a salary of one hundred dollars per annum. On September 15, 1852, Mr. Morrison was admitted to the bar, and began practice. Meeting at first with the usual success of beginners, his constant and devoted attention to his duties caused him to rise steadily in his profession, and has won for him an enviable reputation as a lawyer. Although taking an in- terest in public affairs, he has but once accepted any office, and that one not calculated to interfere with his profes- sional duties. From 1867 to 1872 he held the position of City Solicitor for Baltimore, and during that period was engaged in the trial of many important causes, notable among which were the ‘ City Hall” and “ Bounty” cases. In the latter he delivered an opinion, sustained by the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of Appeals, that saved the city a considerable sum of money. Mr. Morrison has been prominently identified with movements designed to secure political reform, having been one of the principal speakers in the interest of reform during the campaign of 1875-77. At the conclusion of the campaign of 1875, he took a leading part in the contested election cases arising therefrom, and was one of the counsel for the contestants in the cases of S. Teackle Wallis v. Gwinn, and of Henry M. Warfield v. F. H. Latrobe. During the civil war his sympathies were entirely with the South, but he was op- posed to actual secession. Mr. Morrison’s genial temper and attractive manner have secured for him the love and esteem of all his friends and acquaintances. His family consists of eleven children, eight of whom are living, (From Baltimore, Past and Present.) ig ALTERS, WILLIAM T., is sprung from a hardy 5 OR Scotch-Irish ancestry, who settled more than a sae oF century ago in Pennsylvania, on the Juniata e River ; from its mouth to farty miles above it, that A region being then an unbroken wilderness. The descendants of this stock, by their labor and shrewd enter- prise, steadily pushing their fortunes in other places, have left their kindred, Mitchells, Stewarts, and Thompsons, still in possession of a large part of their primitive domain, It was there that, in 1820, Mr, Walters was born. His father, Henry Walters, was for many years a merchant and banker in that vicinity. His mother’s maiden name was Jane Thompson. In 1845 Mr. Walters married Ellen, daughter of Charles A. and Anna D. Harper, of Philadel- phia. Mrs. Walters died in London, in 1862, leaving two children, a son who graduated at Georgetown College, and afterwards took a special course of practical science at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a daughter, who was educated at the Convent of the Visita- tion, Georgetown, D. C. As the subject of this sketch grew into boyhood, the mineral interests of Pennsylvania, 520 which have since grown so great, began to claim a some- what marked attention, and improved means of intercourse by canal and railway, between the mountain-severed sec- tions of the State, were matters of constant and general discussion. Foreseeing the public need for educated energy in this direction, his parents placed him in the best schools then existing in Philadelphia, where he was educated as a civil and mining engineer. Although even in his early manhood he settled to a different pursuit, yet much of the leading power of his character was strengthened and in- tensified in his youth by the laborious and hazardous field practice of his profession. In severe journeys on horse- back and on foot through the rugged mountain regions of his State, where, for: hundreds of miles along the ridges, there was a wilderness without road or bridle-path, long before the eastward-flowing and westward-flowing waters were brought together by human energy and art, and be- fore the locomotive sent its echoes, as it now does hourly, from the summits of the Blue Ridge and the Alleghanies, he grew personally familiar with the whole rough region, which has since yielded to the country such incalculable stores of coal and iron. The physical and mental invigora- tion of this hardy life marks him notably now, while the openness of nature in all her aspects of savagery and ten- derness, powerfully nourished that strong love of the vigor- ous, the grand, the picturesque, and the beautiful, which have distinguished him throughout life. In his early man- hood, indeed, some time before his majority, such was the absolute reliance of his friends on his character for sense, energy, vigilance, and the power to command men, that he was put in charge of an extensive smelting establishment in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, where, under his man- agement, was made the first iron ever manufactured with mineral coal in the United States. In 1841, at the open- ing of the Tidewater Canal, from Columbia to Havre de Grace, he went (then in his twenty-first year) to Baltimore and established himself in a general commission business, and at once took the lead in the Pennsylvania produce trade. It was in this pursuit that he first impressed the citizens of Baltimore, of twenty-five and thirty years ago, with his strong personal character as a merchant and a man. Find- ing his field at that time too narrow for his energies, he, in 1847, in connection with the late Mr. Charles Harvey, es- tablished the now widely-known firm of W. T. Walters & Co. The prominence which his house had before was at once brought to the new concern, who, in their business of foreign and domestic wine and spirit merchants, at once took greatly the lead, which the house has always main- tained in the city, and rose rapidly to be, for character and importance, one of the very first houses in the country. The firm of W. T. Walters & Co. has consisted for several years of Mr. Walters, himself, Mr. Joseph P. McCay, and Mr. John W. McCoy. Mr. Walters was the President of the first steamship line established between Baltimore and Savannah, and a Director, from time to time, in every line established BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. from Baltimore to the South. At the close of the war, he insisted on the advantage of immediately re-establishing all new Southern lines of steamers, aided them in many ways, and also urged and aided the organization of other lines. He has almost kept aloof from official prominence, in any and every form, even while his clear opinions and his energetic character impressed the policy of official ad- ministrations. It is not as a steadily successful merchant only that Mr. Walters is well known, but as a liberal user of his large means for the general benefit and for the gratification of tastes not ordinarily met with to any notable degree amid the cares and ambitions of an active business life. His early fondness for art, more than thirty years since, when he first established himself in Baltimore, induced him to spend a portion of his first year’s profits here in the purchase of the best pictures he could procure, and no year, in all the intervening time, has elapsed without fresh additions to his collection. Closely identified for a long time with the growth of art in America, and for twenty years intimately associated with our best artists, they have always found in him, not a judicious patron only, but an appreciative and generous friend. Residing in Europe from 1861 to 1865, Mr. Walters travelled exten- sively, and gratified his long-cherished wish to study and understand more fully the condition and history of art, which so much interested him. Growing personally familiar with the most prominent Continental artists, he made from their works, then and since, many exquisite additions to his collection. The French Exposition of 1867, which he visited, the Vienna Exposition of 1873, to which he was accredited as a Commissioner from the United States Government, and, more notably still, the Paris Exposition of 1878, among the art treasures of which he spent a laborious season, enabled him to add to his gallery upwards of forty pictures, all of them of distin- guished character, and many of them of supreme excel- lence. Indeed no single year has passed since he began embellishing his home without a marked improvement in his art possession; until now, by continual pruning and repruning, and by fresh additions of still superior worth, his collection has grown to be, beyond dispute, the very best array of modern pictures in America, and persons thoroughly familiar with art abroad will find it very hard indeed to recall any private collection in Europe of more various scope, or of an equally high average of excellence. The partisan of no especial school, he has brought together the finest works of French, German, Belgium, American, and English artists. These art treasures have won a wide celebrity, especially among. the truest critics, and people of maturely cultivated taste. Not kept for ostentation, they are accessible at all times, freely, to his many friends and to all artists, and on stated days to all persons who wish to see them. Apart from the ownership of this col- lection, Mr. Walters holds a position that must have great influence on the future of art in this country, he having BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. been appointed (the only appointee out of Washington city) by W. W. Corcoran, as one of the permanent Trus- tees of the Art Museum which that gentleman has so nobly endowed, and his co-trustees having made Mr. Walters Chairman of the Purchasing Committee. Some little work of Rinehart, since so distinguished as a sculp- tor, having caught the eye of Mr. Walters many years ago, while the artist was as yet even locally unknown, on meeting him, Mr. Walters was at once impressed with his capacity, as also with the earnest sincerity of his charac- ter, and his steadfast determination to devote his life to art alone, and to patiently await the world’s recognition of his powers. It was by Mr. Walters’s urgent desire and by his aid that Rinehart went to Rome, and during all his long residence there, Mr. Walters’s purse was open to him without stint or limit. It was through the zealous en- deavor of Mr. Walters and of S. Teackle Wallis that the State of Maryland gave to Rinehart a statue of the late Chief Justice Taney, and appropriated therefor the liberal sum of fifteen thousand dollars. The fruit of this com- mission is the heroic statue now in front of the State- house at Annapolis, where the great Chief Justice, in person, countenance, and manner true to the very life, sits in simple majesty, the impersonation of a calm, wise, and upright judge. A figure in marble by Rinehart, the “Woman of Samaria,” in the hall of Mr. Walters’s town house, is itself a noble souvenir of art; whilst Mrs. Wal- ters, who in her life was always Rinehart’s friend, is lovingly commemorated by him in a bronze monumental figure in Greenmount Cemetery, where the deepest and tenderest inspiration of the artist makes the grave a sanc- tuary where love is reconciled with death. One of the most striking busts made by Rinehart is that of Mr. Wal- ters. It is marked by great life, likeness, vigor and severity. His portrait by Elliott, is also one of that great artist’s very best productions, thoroughly alive and full of character. The flower of Rinehart’s works, in his own judgment, is his statue of Clytie, presented by one of his life-long persona] friends, Mr. John W. McCoy, a citizen of Baltimore, to the Peabody Institute, on condition of free exhibition perpetually. This supremely lovely figure, in marble, together with casts of all Rinehart’s leading works, have recently, through Mr. Walters, been brought together on public exhibition, where thousands of visitors to the “ Art Loan Collection,’ at the Peabody Galleries, have been charmed with a new sense of the artist’s power, and have realized in Rinehart’s works of themselves, a sincere and noble school of art. Rinehart having died at Rome in 1874, his bodily remains were removed from their Roman sepulchre, brought to Baltimore, and placed for a time in Mr. Walters’s family vault in Greenmount, preparatory to their interment in that cemetery as their final resting-place. The sculptor having left an estate of about fifty thousand dollars, which he had thoughtfully dedicated by will to art uses in Baltimore, he made 521 Mr. Walters, in conjunction with his friend, Mr. B. F. Newcomer, his Trustee of this accumulation, to carry into effect his wishes for its use, that his life of labor might serve the city of his love for generations after him. Mr. Walters holds a life appointment as one of the Trus- tees of the Peabody Institute of Baitimore, where his colleagues have made him Chairman of the Committee on Art. During his residence in Europe, he grew familiar with the famous Percheron horse, so distinguished for its health, docility, endurance, economy of keep, and rapidity in drawing great loads. He traversed carefully the entire region producing these horses, and, through General Fleury and Mr. Du Hays, the writer of the book on the Percheron, both in the service of the French Government, having thus the very best facilities, he se- lected eighteen of these remarkable animals, and since their arrival in this country has used successful endeavors to widely disseminate this superior blood. He presented to the publishers, Messrs. Orange Judd & Co., an English translation of Mr. Du Hays’s book on the Percheron, to foster an intelligent interest in the subject. Familiar with railways and their management, Mr. Walters was a controlling Director for many years in the Northern Central Railway Company, representing, at various times, not the private stockholders only, but the interests of Bal- timore and the State of Maryland. For a long time he has believed in the profitable practicability of uniting the Lakes and the Gulf by one continuous line of railroad, of straight line and easy grades, east of the Alleghanies; and he has already, for himself, his house, and as trustee for others, purchased many hundred miles of continuous and tributary Southern railroads in the last few years. This combination has now acheived Mr. Walters’s original aim, and with its allies holds unbroken railway connection from the great Northern Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. He, and the gentlemen in close interest with him, own a majority control in all the roads that constitute the Coast Line from Baltimore, through Washington, Alexandria, Fredericks- burg, Richmond, Petersburg, Weldon, Wilmington, Flor- ence, and Charleston, nearly six hundred miles of railway. They control by majority ownership, lateral railroads, tributary to the Coast Line, amounting to over five hundred miles. And in addition, they have control of vast West- ern and Southwestern roads, penetrating to Atlanta, Geor- gia, to Memphis, Tennessee, and to the Mississippi River at Hickman, opposite St. Louis, Missouri. These Western and Southwestern roads come to the sea by continuous lines to Norfolk, This vast network of railways, sweeping all the Southern, Western, and Midland counties, comprise more than two thousand miles of track, the highways by which our commerce to the extent of many millions is carried on; concentrating from vast areas the products of our soil for home consumption and for shipment; and taking to all the points of nearly a score of great States the products of the seaboard and of the whole producing 522 world. This railway combination is made up of thirteen distinct corporations, in each of which Mr. Walters is a managing Director. They are all in one interest, and though with separate administrations, are yet practically under one control. Neither Mr. Walters ‘or his house ever enters upon even the most tempting speculation in any- thing that is not thoroughly knownto them. His prosper- ity is the simple result of quick intelligence, great energy and close labor applied to one line of business; and their later operations, outside of their immediate business, have been for permanent investment. Never shaken by a panic, a broken market for Southern securities, or other property, only stimulated him to wider purchases, seeing that, before long, in the certain re-establishment of South- ern credit, the public judgment must approve and follow his bold intuitions. Having not a doubt that the Southern States would rapidly recover from the losses of the war, Mr. Walters personally and minutely explored the South soon thereafter, purposely meeting the leading men of all parties and all shades of opinion. The full intelligence gained in this trip has notably served his house in its ex- tensive operations since. With a very limited tolerance for loose talkers, schemers, and the whole tribe of pretend- ers, he has always had a quick eye for real capacity in any form or in any calling, and a quick disposition to advance the interests of any man he met of probity, sincerity, en- ergy, sense, and skill. Being himself notably ardent and enduring in his friendships and zealous in all friendly ser- vices, he has always been able, in any emergency or purpose, to command fully the hearty aid of men whom he had served before, and who, from continued observation, were assured of the success of every enterprise in which he led. This faculty for leadership and government, based on his broad sense, his tireless energy, his commer- cial probity, his knowledge of men, his quick appreciation of capacity, and the strength of ‘his personal attachments, has had much to do with the steady growth of his fortune, which is now one of the largest of the time, while the credit of his house is without limit. Bold and aggressive, but cool and prudent; wide-reaching, but exact; prompt to the moment in all engagements, holding his verbal promise as of absolute obligation even in trifles; never repining under any circumstances; instant in his intuition of men’s characters; a natural negotiator, yet more a keen listener and looker than a talker; at work early and late; always on his feet; always coming out right in practical results: he won early a leader’s position, and commanded for his house a broad and solid financial credit, which has never been shaken for a moment, even in times of the greatest monetary stringency. Notwithstanding a lifetime of severe work, Mr. Walters is still in his prime, with all the health and vigor of his youth, while, from his estab- lished position, liberal conduct, and controlling character, he must have much yet to do, not for himself only, but for the general benefit. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of Maryland, and a distinguished leader in the GUNS Weg Or EDWARD, for many years a Privy Councillor x Puritan colony which came from Virginia in 1649, “? and settled Providence, on a part of the site of which Annapolis now stands, was born on the Wye River, in Wales. It is supposed that the Wye and the Severn rivers of Maryland were named by him in honor of his native land. He was engaged among the Puritans as a land Surveyer. Their settlement was visited in 1650 by Governor Stone, for the purpose of organizing it into a county. While there he issued a commission “to Mr, Edward Lloyd, gent.,” appointing him “ to be Commander of Anne Arundel County until the Lord Proprietary should signify to the contrary;’? also to several other gentlemen, . Signily Ty 3 g “to be Commissioners of the said county, with Mr. Ed- ward Lloyd, for granting warrants and commissions, and for all other matters of judicature.”” This commission bears date July 30, 1650, at Providence. July 8, 1651, it appears from the records that Mr. Lloyd granted, as he had been empowered to do by the Governor, a warrant to Thomas Todd for a great part of the land on which Annapolis now stands. January 3, 1654, a petition was addressed to the Parliament’s Commissioners from the Commissioners of Severn, alias Anne Arundel County, subscribed by Edward Lloyd and seventy-seven others, in which they complained that, having been invited and encouraged by Captain Stone, Lord Baltimore’s Governor of Maryland, to remove them- selves into the province, with promise of enjoying the lib- erty of their consciences in matters of religion and other privileges of English subjects; and having, with great cost, labor, and danger, so removed themselves, and been at great charges in building and clearing; “ now the Lord Balti- more imposeth an oath upon us . . tomake us swear an absolute subjection to a Government where the minis- ters of State are bound by oath to countenance and defend the Roman Popish religion, . . which, if we do not take within three months after publication, all our lands are to be seized for his Lordship’s use.” The Puritans were, however, not immediately molested. On the 27th of the following July the Commissioners,.acting under Cromwell, appointed ten gentlemen, most of them “men of Severn,” among whom was Mr. Edward Lloyd, to be Commissioners for the well-ordering, directing, and gov- erning the affairs of Maryland, under his Highness, the Lord Protector. About March 20, 1654, Governor Stone, instigated by Lord Baltimore, then in England, pro- ceeded with a company of about two hundred armed men, going part by land and part by water, to reduce the Puritans of Anne Arundel to submission to the Pro- prietary. But the Puritans, resolving “that they would rather die like men than live like slaves,” met and speedily routed the invaders, taking Governor Stone and most of his followers prisoners of war, and detained them for a long time. After this they were not again molested in their rights, Lord Baltimore signing an agreement by which they BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. were protected in their religion, and their lands secured to them by patents, they, in return, taking a modified oath of fidelity, and paying all arrears for rent due to his Lordship from the time of entry of their land. After- wards, with many others, Edward Lloyd settled in Talbot County, where he patented a large landed estate, which has descended intact through the successive generations, and is now the property of the present Colonel Edward Lloyd, of Wye, in that county, President of the State Senate. In 1668, after a residence of nearly twenty years in the Province, he returned to London, where he became a mer- chant, and died in 1695. He, however, left behind him his son Philemon in the Province, and gave him his es- tate in Talbot. His descendants have been distinguished in State affairs in every generation. ena>, LOYD, CoLoneL Epwarp, Farmer and President 3 Ge of the State Senate of Maryland, the son of Be Colonel Edward and Alicia (McBlair) Lloyd, was Gon in Baltimore, October 22, 1825. The family are descended from Edward Lloyd, who came to the colony of Maryland in 1640, and figured conspicu- ously in the history of that period. He was Surveyor- General, and also Governor of a part of the Province under Lord Baltimore. He emigrated from Wales, where the family still possess ancestral estates on the river Wye. Receiving a large grant of land on the Eastern Shore, he gave the river that borders it the same name, which it has ever since retained. To this estate, which has continued uninterruptedly in the possession of the family, and is now inherited by Colonel Lloyd, large additions have been made, till it now includes about twelve thousand acres. The name of Edward Lloyd has been continuously promi- nent in Maryland politics since before the independence of the United States. The great-grandfather of Colonel Lloyd was a member of the Continental Congress, and is among the figures included in the great historical painting, hanging in the Senate Chamber, of Washington Resigning his Commission. His grandfather, besides being Presi- dent of the Senate, was Governor of the State from 1809 to 1811, and a United States Senator. His father was President of the Senate in 1851 and 1852. All of these bore the name of Edward. No other family, from the earliest settlement of the colony to the present time, has furnished so many distinguished representatives in promi- nent official positions. At College Point, near Flushing, New York, Colonel Lloyd was prepared for college by Rev. William Muhlenberg, D.D. He entered Princeton College, New Jersey, where, after a full course, he gradu- ated A.B. in 1844. Immediately afterward he returned to his ancestral home on the Wye River, in Talbot County, and entered upon his chosen vocation. In the autumn of 523 the succeeding year, and before he was twenty-one, he was elected to the House of Delegates, but he passed his ma- jority before the opening of the session. Although the youngest member of the Legislature, he acquitted himself with great credit, and won the admiration of his constitu- ents. During the war with Mexico he entered the army, was advanced to the rank of Captain, and placed on the staff of Brigadier-General Tench Tilghman, and was afterwards on the staff of Major-General Handy, as Major. He was on the staff of Governor Philip Francis Thomas during his official term. In 1849 he was again elected to the House of Delegates, in which he took a leading part, and was one of the most active and useful members. But the care of his immense estates required all his time, and he retired from public life. He owned large tracts of land and many slaves, both in Maryland and Mississippi, and was the largest land and slave owner in the State. In consequence of this his sympathies were with the South during the late war, but he took no active part, deeming it his duty to remain with his State. The results of the war were very disastrous to him-at the time; he lost nearly one million dollars’ worth of property. In 1873 he con- sented to be the candidate for the State Senate on the Democratic ticket, and being successful, was made Chair- man of the Committee on Finance. His previous ex- perience as a legislator and acknowledged ability as a party leader, at once gave him a commanding influence in the Senate, and being elected in 1877, for a second term of four years, he received the entire vote of his party for the Presidency of that body. No candidate was opposed to him, the other party voting blank. The Lloyd family have always been Democratic in politics, and Episcopa- lians in religious faith. Colonel Lloyd has travelled ex- tensively in the United States and in the West Indies. He married, in 1851, Mary, daughter of Charles Howard, who was a son of General John Eager Howard. She is -alady of superior culture, grace, and beauty. They have eight children, five sons, Edward, who graduated at the United States Naval Academy, at Annapolis, is a Past Midshipman; Charles Howard, McBlair, John Eager, and De Courcy. The daughters are Alice, Elizabeth, Phoebe, and Mary Howard. Colonel Lloyd is in appearance tall, large, and imposing; he has a fine head and handsome countenance, beaming with intelligence and cordiality ; a devoted husband and indulgent father, he is the centre of a charming home circle; he entertains bountifully, and possesses the happy faculty of making his guests feel en- tirely at home and at ease. Yet in the midst of every- thing beautiful and luxurious his own habits are simple and regular; he rises at daybreak, and attends personally to all the details of his estate, five thousand acres of which he cultivates himself, renting the remainder. His popu- larity in his own county is unbounded. As President of the Senate he is dignified and prompt, exceedingly cour- teous and impartial. KLATT, Lanpy BEAcH, a prominent Oyster and Fruit Packer of Baltimore, was born in 1812, at Milford, Connecticut, and is a descendant of one of the old Puritan families. Mr. Platt first entered into the oyster trade in the year 1846, at New York city, receiving his oysters from the waters of New Haven Harbor. In 1849 he removed to Chicago, and estab- lished himself in business there at the corner of Clark and South Water streets, receiving his oysters part of the route by stage, railroads not then connecting through, and from thence to Milwaukee by sledge, trips only being made from Chicago to Milwaukee during the winter season. In 1852 he made Buffalo his distributing point, on account of that city having railroads and superior lake communica- tion to the West and Southwest at that time. In 1858, the trade having so greatly increased that the supply from New Haven waters became nearly exhausted, he was compelled to find other sources of supply, and therefore went to Sea- ford, Delaware, at the head of navigation of the Nanticoke, the then famous river for oysters. In the year 1864 he re- moved to Baltimore city, and added to the fresh oyster business that of canning fruits and vegetables, as well as oysters hermetically sealed, which find a market in all parts of the world. Mr. Platt has continued in business in Baltimore since that time, and has succeeded in build- ing up a very large trade, being recognized throughout the country as one of the pioneers and leaders in the oyster trade. His son, Mr. H. S. Platt, is associated with him in business. LL AA: (WeOPKINS, Henry PowELt, Farmer, eldest son of OP Elias and Sallie (Powell) Hopkins, was born ‘&ps = March 30, 1817, in Talbot County, to which a place his father had removed two years previously. ‘The latter was Captain of Light Cavalry in Kent County, Delaware, during the war of 1812. Hedied July 29, 1848. Mrs. Hopkins was a relative of Mr. Dickinson, who was killed in the famous duel between himself and Jackson. She was the daughter of Howell and Anna (Dickinson) Powell. The first American ancestor of the family was John Hopkins, an Englishman, who landed at Black Water Point, Sussex County, Delaware, in 1735. He there purchased real estate, which is still in the pos- session of his descendants. He had two sons, Zebediah and Hooper. The latter had one son, Robert, the father of Elias, who was born September 30, 1792. Henry P. Hopkins had three brothers: Robert D., Elias, and John; and two sisters: Mollie and Eliza Ann. He received the wudiments of an English education at the public school of his native county, and afterwards attended the Academy at Easton for a year. Having been brought up on a farm, his tastes and early habits inclined him to agriculture, in which pursuit he has engaged from the time of leaving BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. school. He owns a farm of two hundred and forty acres at Rock Cliff, on which he resides. Mr. Hopkins was Captain of a company of Light Infantry in 1846, but was not called into service. In 1864 he was elected Judge of the Orphans’ Court for four years on the Union ticket, and School Commissioner from 1865 to 1867. He was again elected in 1870, and has ever since held that office. In May, 1849, he joined the Sons of Temperance, and has filled all the chairs of the society. In 1872 he joined the “ Pa- trons of Husbandry,” and occupied prominent positions in the Order. He was a Whig while that party existed, but is now a Democrat. In the fall of 1847 he was converted, and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1845 he was married to Alexine, daughter of Henry Jump, of Queen Anne’s County, a family highly respected. He has had eight children, six of whom are now living: Sallie P., now Mrs. J. Frank Turner, Lizzie F. and Elma Hopkins, Nannie K., now Mrs. J. K. Jarrell, M. Loulie, now Mrs. George T. Melvin, and Harry J. Hopkins. The four eldest daughters were educated at the Wesleyan College, Delaware, and the youngest at Pennington Seminary, New Jersey. Harry, the son, took the degree of A.B. at Wash- ington College, Maryland. Mr. Hopkins’s Christian char- acter and usefulness are highly appreciated in Talbot County, where he has resided all his life. Hon. James, Lawyer, was born in Dor- é (A } chester County, where he still resides, March Ps 14, 1818. His parents were Robert and Susan C (Lecompte) Wallace. The latter was the daughter of Levin Lecompte, and the great-granddaughter of Monsieur John Lecompte, a Huguenot refugee, who served in the Protestant armies under the Prince of Conde and William of Orange. After the treaty of Ryswick, and the close of the long and bloody wars resulting from the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, he emigrated to America, and settled on the Choptank River, in what is now Dorchester County, where he has numerous descend- ants. The paternal grandfather of James Wallace emi- grated from Scotland about the year 1762, and settled in Charles County. Towards the close of the Revolutionary war he enlisted under General Smallwood, and was with the Maryland troops until the conclusion of hostilities. James Wallace was very active in his boyhood, and fond of the busy, stirring scenes of life, but on entering Dick- inson College, Pennsylvania, he became a close student, devoting himself more particularly to belles-lettres and to philosophical studies. He graduated in 1840, and entered the law office of Henry Page, in Cambridge, Maryland. He was admitted to the bar in 1842, and, entering at once upon the active duties of his profession, was from the first un- usually successful. In 1854 he was elected to the House BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of Delegates, and in 1856 was an Elector for the State and voted for Millard Fillmore. The same year he was sent to the Senate of Maryland, and served until 1868. Mr. Wallace was in politics an old-line Whig. He took part with the Government at the outbreak of the war, and was in command of a well-drilled and spirited company, which, as early as April, 1861, rendered efficient service to Gov- ernor Hicks in quelling disturbances and in preserving Maryland to the Union. Soon after this he was summoned to Washington, and induced by Governor Hicks and the Secretary of War to accept a commission to raise a regi- ment of volunteers for the war. This he undertook in August, and in November, 1861, was mustered into ser- vice, and marched with his command to Salisbury, Mary- land, where they quartered during the winter. In the spring of 1862 they entered Virginia, and occupied the counties of Accomac and Northampton until the summer of 1863. During this time Colonel Wallace frequently sent detachments into Maryland to preserve order, and into Delaware to disarm her volunteer militia. On the approach of General Lee into Pennsylvania in the summer of 1863, he joined the army of the Potomac under Briga- dier-General Lockwood, and with his command formed part of his Independent Brigade of Marylanders. At Gettysburg on Culp’s Hill they met and repelled Stew- art’s Confederate Brigade, and it was their fortune to hurl back the last dash of the Confederate Maryland Regiment. In his official report of the battle of Gettysburg, General Meade especially commended the Maryland Brigade for services rendered on that occasion. In December, 1863, Colonel Wallace resigned his commission and returned to the practice of his profession, which he has continued from that time. He has since taken no active part in politics, not being decidedly in unison with either party. In his boyhood he gave his serious attention to religious matters, and deciding that Christianity was the only safe rule and guide through life, took his stand with the professed people of Christ, uniting with the Methodist Episcopal denomina- tion. His early resolution he has kept, and according to the Scripture promise, it has also kept him. Nothing affords him greater satisfaction than this recollection. Colonel Wallace was married, December 12, 1843, to Annie E., daughter of Dr. F. P. Phelps, of Eldon. enh 19 KWeEUISLER, JoseryH STANisLaus, Lawyer, was born a Yi : in Baltimore, Maryland, February 17, 1832. His a father, Joseph Anthony Heuisler, was a native of : Munich, capital of Bavaria. He came to America L in the latter part of the eighteenth century, and set- tled in Maryland, where he pursued the vocation of a hor- ticulturist, and died in 1862, universally respected. The 67 525 mother of the subject of this sketch was Mary Parker, daughter of a distinguished English gentleman, George W. Parker, who was descended from an old and honored family of England, which ranked among its members the British Naval Commander, Admiral Parker. Mr. Par- ker settled in Baltimore toward the close of the last century. At the age of twelve years Joseph entered St. Mary’s Col- lege, Baltimore, where he continued to pursue his studies for five years, at the expiration of which time he became connected, in a clerical capacity, with the office of Register of Wills, and served with great efficiency for two years under Register David M. Perine, and six years under his successor, the late Nathaniel Hickman. In 1857 Mr. Heuisler resigned his position in the office of Register of Wills, and formed a copartnership with Cornelius M. Cole, for the conducting of a general conveyancing and property agency business, which he prosecuted until 1861, when, having applied himself to the study of law, at intervals, during his clerkship in the Register of Wills office, a por- tion of the time under the instructions of the late Honor- able James M. Buchanan, he commenced the practice of the legal profession in the city of Baltimore. He has served with ability and success as counsel in many noteworthy cases in the various courts. He has particularly distin- guished himself as a criminal lawyer, having been engaged in several celebrated murder trials. In 1873 Mr. Heuisler was elected by the Democratic party as a member of the First Branch of the City Council, from the Twelfth Ward, and performed the duties of that position with such accept- ability as to cause his re-election the ensuing year. He served as Chairman of the Committees on Claims, City Passenger Railways, and City Property. He was also mem- ber of several other important committees, including that on the Harbor; and, as such, vigorously opposed all measures antagonistic to the interests of the city. Mr. Heuisler was an industrious and very efficient member of the City Council. His character for integrity was such that no one dared to approach him with any bill or proposition that had the least savor of corruption. If he made any enemies at all, as a City Councilman, it was because of his uncompromising adherence to right, and honorable princi- ples. In 1875 Mayor Ferdinand C. Latrobe, appreciating Mr. Heuisler, appointed him to the position of Examiner of Titles under the city, the duties of which he faithfully discharged until the expiration of Mr. Latrobe’s first term of office. Mr. Heuisler is wedded to his profession, com- mands the confidence and respect of his professional breth- ren and the public generally. He is a fluent and forcible speaker, and in addition to his efforts in the court-room, has frequently addressed political and other assemblies. In 1853 he married Miss Catharine McCann, daughter of Henry McCann, a well-known instructor. Mr. Heuisler has eight children living, six sons and two daughters. His oldest son, Charles W. Heuisler, is a promising member of the Baltimore bar, and the second one, Joseph G. Heuisler, 526 having displayed great talent for sculpture, his father has placed him in a leading marble establishment, with the ultimate object of sending him to Rome or some other art centre, for the development of his genius. eo, WILLIAM M., Farmer and Fruit- Ay) grower, was born near Newtown, Worcester “ County, Maryland, March 20, 1837. His parents i were Elijah C. and Harriet (Merrill) Schoolfield, both of that county. They owned and occupied the old homestead of Joseph Schoolfield, succeeding moder- ately well as farmers. The early educational advantages enjoyed by Mr. Schoolfield were only those afforded by a country school, at a time when the teachers and the books could bear little comparison with those of the present. His last two years of study were at the academy at New- town, three and a half miles distant from his home; but he walked the distance whenever it was possible for him to . attend. As his father needed his assistance in the work of the farm, his attendance at school was necessarily irregular. Though passionately fond of study, and having no desire to become a farmer, being strongly inclined to the medical profession, he yielded to the wishes of his father, who placed him at the age of seventeen, upon one of his farms, near Cottingham Ferry. He followed for four or five years the general custom of the farmers of that day, planting his land in grains, which proved unprofitable to him, and re- solved to try a peach orchard, and run the risk of finding a market for the fruit; for at that time there was scarcely any mode of transportation for perishable farm products in that part of the country. In the fall of 1859 he planted five hundred peach trees of the best varieties that could be obtained. Mr. Schoolfield made his first shipment of the fruit. The nearest point of railroad connection was twenty-two miles distant. He had no experience in shipping and handling fruit. His first shipment was therefore made under many discouragements. The profits, however, far exceeded his expectations. After this he gave his frees every atten- tion, and they paid him about four hundred dollars a year, as long as he let them stand. In 1865 he planted fifteen hundred peach trees, five hundred apple trees, and one hundred pear trees. Two years later he planted seven thousand more peach trees, and four hundred apple trees. In 1873 he added asparagus, raspberries, and blackberries. In the home estate, Mr. Schoolfield has two hundred and sixty-eight acres, planted chiefly in apples, peaches, straw- berries and other small fruits; he also has another estate of two hundred and ninety-nine acres, in peaches and other fruits, and grain. He owns between seven hundred and eight hundred acres of land situated in Worcester County. Mr. Schoolfield is a strong and decided temper- In 1863, when the trees were four years old,’ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. His success in life is mainly owing to his industry, promptness, and integrity. He is an influential member of the Methodist Episcopal - Church, in which he is a Steward and an exhorter, and has twice been elected a Delegate to the Lay Conference. He was married in 1857, to Emily S. W., daughter of James A. Barnes, of Worcester County. They have three sons and three daughters. ance man; believes in local option. a SAMUEL FuLYon, M.D., of Baltimore, was born in Augusta County, Virginia, February "36 2, 1839. His father, Robert Coyner, was a wealthy “Y farmer of that place, and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Coyner, was a native of Indiana. The ancestors of both were of German origin, and were among the early settlers of Pennsylvania, but removed to Virginia prior to the Revolution. There, in the three counties of Rockbridge, Augusta, and Rockingham, they became very numerous, numbering a few years since over five hundred voters. So many and so influential were they in these localities that the candidates for political honors who secured their favor were certain of success. They were strong adherents of the Democratic party, were exceedingly clannish, and in religious, political, and social affairs, thought and acted with great unanimity. They were a sober, industrious, and prosperous people, devoted almost exclusively to farming. In religion they are all either Presbyterian or Lutheran. A few have sought a home in the Western States, but most of them have re- mained in the Valley of Virginia. Until he reached the age of nineteen, Samuel F, Coyner pursued his education at Baxter’s Institute, a celebrated Presbyterian school in West Virginia. He then entered the office of Dr. Edwin C. McGoverin, of Greencastle, Pennsylvania, with whom he studied and practiced medicine till March, 1863, at which time he went South and entered the Confederate Army. He enlisted as a private in Lomax’s Cavalry, in which he remained till the close of hostilities. He par- ticipated in the battle of Gettysburg, the three engage- ments at Fisher’s Hill, Early’s defeat at Winchester, and, indeed, in all the battles in which his division was engaged up to the time of the surrender of the Confederate Army at Appomattox. Instead of surrendering at that time he, with about two hundred cavalry, under Brigadier- General William L. Jackson, started to join Johnston in the South, but finding he also had surrendered, they disbanded at Lexington, Virginia, about a week after the surrender of Lee. Mr. Coyner then spent a year at home, where, in 1866, he matriculated at the Uni- versity of Virginia, where he pursued a course in medi- cine till July, 1868, when he removed to Baltimore, and graduated M.D. at the Washington University, February 22, 1869. He at once entered upon the practice of his BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. profession in the Eastern District of Baltimore city, where during the past ten years he has established an extensive and lucrative practice, and has become one of the leading physicians of that part of the city. He is prominent among his professional brethren, and was the leading spirit in the organization of the Northeastern Clinical Society of Baltimore, of which he is Honorary President. Dr. Coyner, in June, 1869, married Miss Virginia Hulls, of Baltimore. They have had three children, only one of whom, Edith, is now living. eam 9, WawWz4 MMERSLEY, Davin L., Confectioner, was born o . in Charleston, South Carolina, May 8, 1819, x where his father was for several years engaged in : . mercantile business, removing thence to Baltimore t after meeting with severe losses by fire. Mr. Hammersley’s ancestors were from England, and came to America in the early colonial times, one branch of the family settling in New York, and another in Maryland. David, at quite an early age, conceived a great fancy for the confectiohery business, and after completing his edu- cation resolved to pursue that vocation. With the view of acquiring a knowledge of the business he was placed under the instructions of a prominent confectioner in Baltimore. After serving u regular apprenticeship, he went to Philadelphia to improve himself still further in his business, remaining there for several months. Thence he went to Richmond, Virginia, where he remained two years, and then returned to Baltimore, where he perma- nently settled, establishing himself in the fancy cake baking and confectionery business, which he has been steadily and successfully conducting in one locality (26 North Green Street) for twenty-eight years. Mr. Hammersley was for twenty-nine years a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, attached to Gratitude Lodge. Though not now actively identified with any benevolent societies, Mr. Hammersley is very liberal and charitable to all associations and causes of a humanitarian character. On several occasions of public fairs and festivals, where the objects were to benefit the deserving poor, he has made liberal donations of cakes and confectionery. Mr. "Hammersley has never entered into politics, kut has always led a quiet, undemonstrative life. He was married, September 8, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth Boden, daughter of William Boden, of Baltimore. He has five children, three sons and two daughters, George W., who married Miss Mary Diven; William H., who married Miss Gazelle Keller, of Pennsylvania; Virginia, who married Mr. John S. Hogg, a prominent carpenter and builder; Mary Duval, who married Mr. Albert N. Horner, of the firm of John A. Horner & Company, notions and fancy goods dealers on Baltimore Street; and D. Lewes Hammersley, SONOS. 527 who is in his father’s establishment. A brother of Mr. Hammersley, Mr. John D. Hammersley, removed to Richmond, where he entered the printing business, and became one of the proprietors of the Richmond Dispatch. WE sre CoLONEL JosePH, Lawyer, was born, “ (OK } September 2, 1789, in Kent County, Maryland. Re oF He was the eldest son of Joseph and Mary oe (Piner) Wickes, and was educated at Washington a College. He studied law in Chestertown, under the supervision of Judge James Houston, of the United States Circuit Court, and was admitted to the bar March 11, 1811. Soon afterwards he was appointed Deputy State’s Attorney for the State, in the counties of Kent and Cecil, the duties of which he discharged with credit and fidelity for many years, until he resigned. In early life he took great interest in military affairs, and was the Captain of the Chester Independents, a company in Kent County, ‘and subsequently was Colonel of one of the Eastern Shore “regiments. He was appointed, February 18, 1817, one of the Visitors and Governors of Washington College, and was made, March 6, 1822, a vestryman of Chester Parish. He.was lineally descended from four of the early settlers of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, viz., Captain Robert Vaughan, Simon Wilmer, Thomas Ringgold, and Major Joseph Wickes. He married, November 20, 1821, Elizabeth Caroline Chambers, a sister of Judge Ezekiel F. Chambers, a daughter of General Benjamin and Elizabeth (Forman) Chambers, and a descendant of Colonel Augus- tine Herman. He died, January 11, 1864, leaving chil- dren, now living, viz., Judge Joseph A. Wickes, of Ches- tertown; Judge Peregrine Lethbury Wickes, of York, Pennsylvania; and Sarah Augusta Wickes, who married Mr. William H. Welsh, the editor of the Baltimore Gazette. In politics he wasa Democrat. The life of Colonel Joseph Wickes was passed in the uneventful current of an honorable and successful professional career. He uni- formly declined political preferment, choosing rather the quiet of private life, which he believed would more cer- tainly secure domestic happiness and personal independ- ence. His character was a beautiful illustration of the noble traits of his namesake and first American ancestor, He was a pious, refined, Christian gentleman. COA 09) GWRAYDEN, Cuartes FERDINAND, was born in Ok “‘Cobb’s Neck,” Charles County, Maryland, in ‘gaps: 1838. His father, William Jno. Hayden, a farmer of the Fifth District of that county, died in 1861. His mother was Jane Hayden (her maiden name), She was of English descent, and died when Charles was an infant. The latter’s early opportunities for acquiring 528 an education were limited, his whole school-life being com- prised in less than one year’s attendance on a primary country school, before he was ten years of age. When six- teen years old he went to Washington, D. C., where he drove a cart in a brick-yard. He afterwards indentured himself to the blacksmithing trade, with Burdett & Hall, of Washington, with whom he remained as an apprentice until he attained his majority, and for six years longer as a journeyman. After a year’s employment at the Wash- ington Navy Yard, he commenced business on his own ac- count at Greenleaf Point, but not being successful he re- turned, after 4 year, to journeywork. After being thus employed for a short time, he started the business of car- riage and wagon building and repairing, which he con- ducted until 1869, when he disposed of it and returned to his native county. After pursuing the above business for three years at Allen’s Fresh, he purchased the grounds and shops at Cox’s Station, on the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, which are quite extensive. In the magnitude of his business as a mechanic and manufacturer, he has but one rival] in the county who at all competes withhim. He has been twice married, first, to Miss Sarah Ann Hayden, a distant relative, and, secondly, to Miss Eliza Ann Dutton, daughter of Henry Dutton, of Charles County. He has five children, four of whom are sons. Starting out in life without education or friends, Mr. Hayden deserves great credit for the success he has attained through plodding industry, perseverance, and upright dealing. ne SAMUEL, Capitalist, was born in Hope- é On ; well Township, York County, Pennsylvania, wees October 30, 1800. He was the son of John and ff * Catharine Winter, both of German descent. His mother’s maiden name was Meckley. They have nine children: Catharine (deceased), Samuel, John, Jacob, Mary, Elizabeth, Lydia, Michael, and Susan, All the sur- viving members of the family except Samuel are residents of Ohio. His father carried on the business of farming, blacksmithing, and distilling, and was Captain of a militia company. Until he was seventeen years of age Samuel worked on the farm in the summer from his eighth year, and attended school in the winter. ‘At seventeen he was apprenticed to John Darkus, a carpenter, and served him for three years. For about five years afterwards he worked asa journeyman. During that period he enrolled himself with the Washington Blues, « military company that went to York to receive General Lafayette. In 1825 he went to Rochester, New York. He remained in that city, working at his trade, until 1827, and was there when the waters of Lake Erie were first let into the Erie Canal. There being no telegraphs in that day, information as to the flow of the waters was conveyed by the firing of cannon stationed x BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. along the whole line within hearing distance of each other. In 1827 he went to Baltimore, and performed his first work on the steamboat “ Kentucky ” for Messrs. Erickson & Page. He afterwards held the position of foreman in the shops, where he worked and was thus employed for many years. From 1835 to 1862 he carried on the carpentering business on his own account, dealing in lumber a part of the time, purchasing from twenty thousand to fifty thousand feet in rafts, which were generally sent down the Susquehanna River. With the carpentering he connected the building business, erecting about two hundred fine dwellings, fur- nishing the material. By integrity, energy, perseverance, and frugality he has accumulated a handsome fortune. He was brought up in the Lutheran Church, his parents having been members of that denomination ; he is a pewholder in the First English Lutheran Church. Previous to the war he was a Democrat; then a Union man; now Conserva- tive. Mr. Winter represented the Seventeenth Ward in the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore in 1848, In 1867 he travelled in Europe, attending the Paris Exposi- tion, and visiting London, France, Germany, Switzerland, and other countries. Mr. Winter has been twice married, first, to Miss Sarah Price, daughter of Captain John Price, by whom he had four children: Amelia (deceased), Jerome (deceased), William, and Samuel. His second wife was Miss Sarah Armstrong, daughter of William Arm- strong, of Wheeling, West Virginia, owner of a valuable coal mine and an extensive shipper of coal to New Orleans, Louisiana. By his second wife he has had two children, Sarah A. and John A., the first-born, who died at three years of age. He now resides at “ Washington Heights,” corner Gilmour and Pressman streets. From the top of his house he has an elegant view of the city and bay. MAGE, Henry, State’s Attorney for Somerset County, Maryland, is the son of Hon. John W. Cresfield, who married Etheline Page, daughter of Dr. Hen- ) ry Page, of Kent County, a lady of unusual culture and piety. She died at the birth of this son. Her mother, Mrs. Ann Page, then a widow, and residing’ with her son Henry at Cambridge, Dorchester County, assumed the care of the child, and gave him the name of his uncle, desiring to preserve in him the memory of an honored line. He was carefully instructed at home, and at the age of eight could read and write. He then attended a school in the neighborhood for two years, after which he was sent to the celebrated school of A. Bolmar, in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Here he remained‘till he was sixteen years. of age, when he returned home on account of ill health. His uncle died, and with his grandmother he spent one year in Baltimore, Having recovered his health he entered the University of Virginia, where he pursued his studies fe s-l-<« BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. until the commencement of the late civil war, when leav- ing his collegiate course incomplete he went to Princess Anne, and studied law in his father’s office. He was ad- mitted to legal practice in the spring of 1864, but proceeded to Baltimore, and studied further in the office of William S. Waters, attorney in that city. Returning to Princess Anne, he commenced the practice of his profession with his father, with whom he continued until 1871, since which time he has practiced alone. In 1867 he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention, which framed the present Constitution of the State of Maryland. In May, 1870, he was appointed, by the Court, State’s Attor- ney for Somerset County, to fill the unexpired term of Adam C. Miles, at the termination of which he was nom- inated and elected to the same position, and again in 1876. His present term will expire in 1880. The talents and high public character of Mr. Page assure his continued success. His mind is clear and logical; he depends on facts and on the truth to gain his cause, and despises trickery or any questionable course. He is a great favorite in society. He was married, in 1867, to Virginia, daughter of John U. Dennis, of Worcester County. WVcEWNAM, Rev. EpwarpD BEVERLY, Pastor of the IN Methodist Episcopal Church at Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland, was born in Centreville, a Queen Anne’s County, November 29, 1836. His father, Daniel Newnam, of the latter place, was a native of Talbot County. A man of great industry and business capacity, he amassed a fortune and owned a great deal of real estate in his county. From an early date in the present century he had been in that place one of the pillars of Methodism, and his house was the home of the ministers who travelled Centreville Circuit, where they were always hospitably entertained. He married the wid- ow of the Rev. Mr. Iliffe, who for a number of years was a member of the Philadelphia Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She was formerly Miss Caroline S. Woodward, of Woodbury, New Jersey. Their son Edward completed, at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the education so well begun at Centreville Academy, and on leaving college devoted himself to agri- culture, taking charge of one of the estates left him by his father. In 1864 he united with the Church of his parents, and two years later was admitted to the travelling ministry of the Philadelphia Annual Conference. On the division of that Conference, in 1868, he became a member of the Wilmington Annual Conference. His first charge was -Church Hill, in the vicinity of his native place. In 1868 he was sent as pastor to Leipsic, Delaware, in 1870 to Millington, and in 1871 to Frederica, remaining two years . 529 in the latter place. In 1873 he was stationed at Easton, Maryland, in 1875 at Chesapeake City, in the spring of 1877 was appointed to Still Pond, and in 1879 to his present charge. Mr. Newnam is a scholar of good attainments, and aman of winning address in the pulpit. He is an earnest and successful preacher, and makes many warm friends wherever he is sent. He is a Mason, andan active promoter of all benevolent and reformatory societies. In Wilmington, Delaware, in 1857, the Rev. Dr. Cook per- formed the marriage ceremony uniting Mr. Newnam with Sarah E., daughter of George E. Wooley, of Cecil County, Maryland. Her grandfather, Rev. George Wooley, was a veteran member of the Philadelphia Annual Conference ; she is also the great-granddaughter of Rev. John Carnan. Mr. and Mrs. Newnam have had two sons and one daugh- ter, of whom only the latter, Florence Julia, survives. SARREMES, Epwarp Raymonp, D.D., LL.D., one of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, weee> was born in Amesville, Adams County, Ohio, t May 20, 1806. He was educated in the Ohio Uni- versity, and in August, 1827, during his student life, united with the Church. After leaving the University he opened a high school at Lebanon, Ohio, which subse- quently developed into McKendree College. In 1830 he entered the travelling ministry in the Illinois Conference, and in due course was ordained as an Elder in that body. At the formation of the Indiana Conference, in 1832, Mr. Ames became one of its members. His active pastoral life was spent in connection with that Conference, excepting only two years spent in St. Louis. After filling several important stations, and acting as Presiding Elder, he was sent as a Delegate to the General Conference in 1840, and by that body made Corresponding Secretary of the Mis- sionary Society. His duties lay in the South and West. He travelled extensively, visiting the Indian missions along the northern lakes and on the western frontier, and aided in establishing schools among the Indian tribes west of Arkansas. His relations among the various tribes he visited were of the most friendly nature. He was devoted to their interests, and they fully reciprocated the devotion. In 1842 he was called to officiate as Chaplain to a Council of Choc- taws. Between the two extremes of his labors, from Mis- souri to Michigan, the civilizing effect of his presence along the frontier was soon felt. In 1844 he returned to Indiana, and resumed work as a Pastor or Presiding Elder, in which service he continued until 1852. He was a Delegate from the Indiana Conference to the General Conferences, meet- ing quadrennially, of 1840, 1844, and 1852; at the latter Conference was elected a Bishop. In 1848 he was elected President of the Indiana Asbury University, but he de- clined the honor, preferring to remain in his more active 530 ministerial work. On his elevation to the bishopric his reputation became national. He has travelled extensively in all the territory where the Methodist Episcopal Church has a footing in the United States. He was the first Meth- odist bishop to visit the Pacific coast. In the South, too, his labors have been especially fruitful, where, both during and since the war, he has been active in extending the borders of the Church. The National Government, in its time of peril, recognizing his worth, urged upon his accep- tance many responsible positions, all of which he declined on the ground of their interference with his ecclesiastical work. He was appointed by the General Conference of 1868 to visit the Irish and British Conferences as a fra- ternal Delegate, but on account of ill health was pre- vented from serving in that capacity. In all the positions which he has held through life, Bishop Ames has dis- played great ability. As a thinker he is prompt, clear, and forcible; and his manner of address, whether on the plat- form or in the pulpit, is calm and deliberate. For several years he has been a resident of Baltimore. Wa) OBINSON, Hon. JOHN MITCHELL, Judge of the 2 LX: Court of Appeals, was born, December 6, 1827, “in Caroline County, Maryland, being the second i son of Peter and Sarah (Mitchell) Robinson. His father was a farmer and planter; also his grand- father, Ralph Robinson, was a wealthy planter of Sussex County, Delaware. The family descended from the Rev. Ralph Robinson, a distinguished Protestant clergyman of England during the Reformation. Their ancestors settled in Delaware over two hundred years ago. Judge Robin- son graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1847, and studied law with Messrs. Carmichael & Brown, of Cen- treville, Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. He was ad- mitted to the bar in November, 1849, and settled in Cen- treville for the practice of his profession. In January, 1850, he was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for Kent County, and, upon the adoption of the Constitution of 1851, was elected State’s Attorney for Queen Anne’s County, which office he filled for four years. He prac- ticed law with great success till 1864, when he was elected Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit, embracing the coun- ties of Kent and Queen Anne, which office he filled till he was elected to the Court of Appeals in 1867, for the term of fifteen years. Judge Robinson has exercised the judicial office for fourteen years with increasing popularity. He is an indefatigable student, a profound lawyer, and is regarded, both by the bar and the people, with the highest admiration and respect. In politics he has always been a Democrat. He was married, in 1857, to Miss Marianna Emory. “Maryland are now in the State archives. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. a Joun, was born in Westmoreland AX County, Virginia, in the year 1750. He was the youngest in a family of twelve children. His father, Thomas Randall, early in the eighteenth cen- tury emigrated from England to that country, in which he became a landholder and a Justice of the Peace. John Randall removed to Annapolis, Maryland, about the year 1770, where he was engaged as an architect and builder until the commencement of the Revolutionary war. In 1774, when the act of Parliament “blocking up the Port of Boston ”’ had so exasperated.the inhabitants of Annapo- lis that they resolved in general meeting to oppose the collection of debts due by the colonists to British subjects, John Randall, with other inhabitants, published in the newspaper their individual protest against this first act of repudiation. At the breaking out of the war he en- tered the army, under a commission from the Governor and Council, as State Clothier, and as a Commissary un- der a resolution of the Congress. In these capacities he served with the Maryland line in the different colonies during the war. Many of his letters to the Governor of At the end of the Revolution he returned to Annapolis, where he was engaged as a merchant for most of his life. He was appointed by President Washington Collector of the Port of Annapolis, which office, or that of Navy Agent, he held until his death, in 1826. He married Deborah Knapp, by whom he had many children, eleven of whom arrived at years of maturity. His widow survived him many years, receiving a pension from the United States in recognition of the Revolutionary services of her husband. She died in Annapolis, at the age of ninety years. ee DANIEL, Assistant Paymaster-General, K was born in Annapolis in 1790, and died in ge the city of Washington in 1851. He was the 3 second son of John and Deborah (Knapp) Randall. & In the war of 1812 he was in active service in the militia, and in 1820 was commissioned as Paymaster in the army, remaining in that corps of the service until his death. He served in Mexico, with the army under General Scott, as Assistant Paymaster-General, and in every position in a long and arduous service exhibited in the’ highest degree the qualities of a conscientious and efficient officer. It was in recognition of his worth, and as a mark of the high ap- preciation in which he was held, that the important military post, Fort Randall, in the then Northwestern Territory, re- ceived its name. At the time of his death he was in charge of the Pay Department of the Army, as Assistant Paymaster-General. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Way ANDALL, Henry K., fourth son of John Randall, a was born in Annapolis in 1793, and died in Wash- ington in 1877. Early in life he entered as a Me midshipman in the United States Navy, but shortly afterwards resigned, and served in the militia during the war of 1812. Following this he was an officer in the Custom House at Baltimore, and was afterwards appointed to close up the affairs of the Government in the agency of the Choctaw Nation in Georgia. He was for many years Chief Clerk of the Bureau of Revolutionary Pensions, in the office of the First Auditor of the Treasury. He married Emily, the eldest daughter of Thomas Monroe, of Wash- ington, and left two daughters. 2 FS ANDALL, Joun, Jr., eldest son of John Randall> aX was born in Annapolis, in 1788, and died in that We city in 1861. He was a merchant, and with his “Y father composed the firm of John Randall & Son. He married Eliza Hodges, who survived him some years. 0 EANDALL, Hon. Tuomas, Lawyer and Judge, i XS third son of John Randall, was born in Annapolis in 1792, and died in Washington in 1877. He was a graduate of St. John’s College, in his native city, where also he studied law with the elder Chancellor Johnson. In the war of 1812 he entered the army of the United States as a Lieutenant, was severely wounded and captured in a battle on the frontier, and taken to Quebec, where he was detained as a hostage till the close of hos- tilities. On the disbanding of the army after the war, he was retained as a Captain of artillery. In 1820 he resigned and engaged in the practice of law in the city of Washing- ‘ton. President Monroe appointed him Special Minister of the United States on important service in the West Indies, during the prevalence of piracy among those islands. In 1826 he was appointed one of the three judges of the Su- preme Court of the Territory of Florida, and after serving out his term of office remained and devoted himself to planting. After a time he resumed the practice of law in Tallahassee, in connection with his nephew, Thomas H. Hagner. During the Seminole war he served as Adjutant- General to Governor Call, and his experience and knowl- edge of the Indian character, and of the country, proved especially valuable. The wife of Judge Randall was Laura H., the eldest daughter of William Wirt. He survived her many years, and left numerous descendants. He was aman of remarkable determination and coolness, of fine address and grace of manner, and of great versatility of talent. To extensive and varied reading and a tenacious memory he added great powers as a conversationalist, and was a most agreeable companion. His attainments as a polished and forcible writer were very marked. ‘nia, 531 We5 ANDALL, Ricuarp, M.D., fifth son of John and aX Deborah (Knapp) Randall, was born in Annapolis me ™ in 1796, and died in Monrovia, Africa, in 1829. He studied medicine in Annapolis, and was gradu- J ated as a Physician at the University of Pennsylva- Entering the army of the United States as a surgeon, he served several years in the South, until he resigned and commenced the practice of his profession in Washington city, where he was appointed Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College. In 1828 the subject of African col- onization attained national prominence, and Dr. Randall became greatly interested in the scheme. ‘The dangers of the enterprise would have deterred most men from for- saking the comforts of home and abandoning a career of remarkable promise, but when he was appointed Governor of Liberia he accepted the position without hesitation. His arrival infused new vigor into the affairs of the colony, and he was the first white man to ascend the River St. Paul, hitherto unexplored. Attacked soon after by the malignant fever of the country, he had almost recovered from its effects when he learned that a number of immi- grants, who had just arrived from the United States, were suffering for want of proper medical attendance, and, leaving the healthy hill country he hastened down to the coast to their assistance. The exposure and fatigue were too severe in his enfeebled condition, and he fell a victim to his zeal and humanity. He was aman of uncommon talent and acquirements, and his premature death closed a career that promised great distinction and usefulness. % A) ANDALL, Hon. ALEXANDER, Lawyer and Presi- IX dent of the Farmers’ National Bank, Annap- @ olis, sixth son of John and Deborah (Knapp) ? Randall, was born in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1803. He was educated at St. John’s College, from which he graduated, receiving the degree of Master of Arts. In that city also he studied law and practiced his profession for over fifty years. During the last twenty-five years of that period, his nephew, Hon. Alexander B. Hagner, was his partner. In 1833 he was appointed Auditor of the Court of Chancery by Chancellor Bland, and held that office until 1840, when he resigned. In 1841 he was elected to the Twenty-seventh Congress, by the Whig voters of the double district of Baltimore city and Anne Arundel County, with John P. Kennedy. -While a member of the House and of the Committee on the District of Columbia, he prepared and reported to the House a bill to introduce into the code of the District, which was then governed by the laws of Maryland and Vir- ginia, all such suitable and important amendments of their laws as had been enacted in those States since the separation of the District, and found to be valuable im- a > ‘adopted into that code. 532 provements. These amendments have since all been During the violent discussions in that Congress on the Right of Petition, which began or fomented the estrangement between the North and the South, and finally led to the civil war, Mr. Randall, with a few Southern members, united with those from the North in maintaining the constitutional right of petition, and in opposing the twenty-third rule of the House, which abridged it. In 1851 he was elected one of the delegates from Anne Arundel to meet in convention, and form a new Constitution for the State of Maryland. He there in- troduced a number of very important measures, and was for a short time President gro tem. of the Convention, and was Chairman of the committee that closed up its pro- ceedings and superintended their publication. He united early in the movement of the people to elect General Taylor President of the United States. He was chosen a delegate from Anne Arundel to the State Convention which met in Baltimore to nominate General Taylor, and was elected its President. In 1864 the Union party of Mary- land nominated and elected Mr. Randall Attorney-General of the State, under the Constitution of that year, which office he continued to hold until it was vacated by the new Constitution of 1867. He was an active and unwavering Union man in politics through the civil war and the recon- struction period, and was a delegate to the National Re- publican Convention that met in Philadelphia in 1872, and nominated General Grant as President. In 1877 Mr. Randall was elected President of the Farmers’ National Bank, of Annapolis, which position he still holds. He was in early life elected a Trustee of St. John’s College, and has ever since served in that capacity, and given to his 4/ma Mater his active and cordial support. He, with other zealous friends of primary school education, organized in Annapolis the first primary school in the State under the original law of 1825, and for many years, as Clerk, Trus- tee, or Commissioner of these schools, gratuitously aided the cause of education. He has been an active citizen of Annapolis, aiding in all plans calculated to advance the interests of the city. By his efforts prompting the meas- ures, the laws establishing the Gaslight and Water com- panies were enacted, and the plans carried into practical and successful execution. He was early a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and has been active in the discharge of the duties that position imposed upon him as vestryman, member of the Convention of the Diocese, or Trustee of the General Theological Seminary. He took an early and active part in the Temperance Reform, and was for many years President of the State Temperance Society, and has always been one of its consistent and zealous members. Mr. Randall first married Catharine, the third daughter of William Wirt, who died in 1853, leaving him several children. In 1856 he married his present wife, Elizabeth, only daughter of Rev. John G. Blanchard, by whom he also has a family. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. you Burton, M.D., seventh son of John AX Randall, was born in 1805 in Annapolis, where 6 = he studied medicine. Afterwards ‘he graduated “? as a physician at the University of Pennsylvania. $ He entered the United States Army as an Assistant Surgeon, and served on the frontier, South and West, in the Seminole and Creek wars. He was with the army under General Scott during the Mexican war, and was especially and favorably mentioned for his valuable ser- vices in the official report of his immediate commander, General Twiggs. During the civil war he had charge of the hospitals at Annapolis and Fort Hamilton, and at its close received the brevet rank of Lieutenant-Colonel « for faithful and meritorious services during the war.’ In 1869, having reached the age specified by law, he was at his application retired from active service, and now resides in Annapolis. He married Virginia Taylor, niece of General Z. Taylor. Wye Dr. WiLi1am, fourth son of Colonel ORL John Eager Howard, was born December 16, “Raps =«:1793. Although scarcely of age he served with a his three brothers at the battle of North Point in 1814. Having chosen the profession of civil en- gineering, he took part in the survey and construction of the most important works in Maryland and elsewhere. He was one of the earliest engineers of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and had previously made the surveys for a portion of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. He was also employed both by the United States Government and by private corporations here and in other States, and per- formed his work with ability. Devoted to all subjects of science he was distinguished as a chemist, and his name is recorded in connection with some experiments and dis- coveries in that branch. He died, having scarcely attained middle age, August 25, 1834. “ GWeELLMAN, Hon. Ropert, Farmer and Legislator, G was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, in . 1846. In 1870 he removed to Carroll County, where he has since resided. He is at present, 1878, a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. MERKINS, Hon. WituiaM H., Physician and Legis- lator, was born in Frederick County, Maryland. He studied medicine, and graduated in 1860, at Long Island Hospital, New York, since which time he has been engaged in successful practice at Han- cock, Maryland. He served three years in the Federal Army during the civil war, and in 1877 was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates on the Republican ticket. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Pre: Hon. Epuraim G., Editor and Legislator, HERN, CoLonet M. P., was born September, 1807, on his father’s plantation in Alleghany ‘gy County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburg. He re- ceived a good English education at Stockton’s Academy in the above city. On becoming of age he commenced business on his own account as successor to Kramer & Spear, booksellers and stationers, Pittsburg. After continuing in this business for three or four years he sold out and removed to New York city, where he entered upon the same line of business. Here he had the entire printing, binding, and supplying of stationery required by the Custom House and Post-office, under Collectors Swart- wont and Hoyt and Postmaster Coddington. Colonel O’ Hern remained in that business for some ten years, when he commenced the shipping business at the beginning of the California gold excitement, under the firms of O’ Hern, Kimball & Co., San Francisco; Duncan, Kimball & Co., Liverpool, England; and O’Hern & Co., New York, From New York he dispatched the first vessel to California. The business becoming unprofitable Colonel O’Hern retired from it. Soon after, he married Mary, daughter of Major BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. John Robinson, extensive glass manufacturer of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Mrs. O’Hern died in Baltimore in 1860, leaving one daughter, who is still living and inherited her mother’s estate. In 1850 Colonel O’Hern removed to the Cumberland coal region of Maryland and opened several of the leading mines, which he purchased, developed, and chiefly controlled. About this time he became President of the “ Montague Mining and Lumbering Company,” in which he purchased a large interest of 40,000 acres. Hav- ing much experience in the mining and smelting of iron ores, he, in 1863, entered into partnership with Governor Geary, of Pennsylvania, in operating the great Potomac Furnace, Loudon County, Virginia. Subsequently he opened the Mecklenburg Gold Mine at Charlotte, South Carolina, in connection with the late Hiram Walbridge, of New York. ‘After which he opened the gold mine in Louisa County, Virginia; also the North Carolina Copper Company, now the Consolidated Company, the latter of which proved a great success. His mining proclivities led him to take hold of other mines, which have proved more or less profitable, Colonel O’Hern never failing to develop all the value which belonged to them naturally. He has, perhaps, as much experience in mining as any living American. He is now in the enjoyment of a hale and vigorous old age. Wiypy:OM, J. Pemproxe, M.D., born in Culpepper ay ae County, Virginia, March 13, 1828, was the third a son of Colonel John and Abbie De Hart (Mayo) ; Thom. His mother died before his recollection. 1 His father, a native of Westmoreland County, Vir- ginia, was of Scotch parentage. He distinguished himself as an officer of ability and as a brave soldier in the war of 1812. After his removal to Culpepper County he became possessed of a large landed estate, and was the owner of many slaves. He was all his life a man of prominence and influence, being sheriff of the county, and for a num- ber of years a leading member of the State Senate. He was tall in stature, of commanding presence and benevo- lent countenance ; his features strongly marked, indicating in an eminent degree the Scotch characteristics-of firmness and intelligence. On his plantation he was truly “lord of the manor ;” it was a little commonwealth or empire within itself. Not only was it the scene of order and the common activities of agricultural life, but of almost every trade and industry. There was machinery and every facility for working in wood and iron; for weaving, basketmaking, coopering, shoemaking, etc. To all these diversified in- dustries his sons were trained as a part of the family disci- pline, to familiarize them with the practical duties of life, to make them manly and self-reliant, and to give them a sympathy with the working-classes. Alexander Thom, of Scotland, the grandfather of Dr. Thom, a man of ability and learning, and distinguished for his coolness and bravery, Foster eee Sete nas Se opie Cent PIA eh £7 gee OLR Cc ec Ae a \ Printing C6 /nare tng « Prnwng PUTO PY hehiin | te Mii VOrh BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. was as remarkable as his son. He was a champion of the « Pretender ” to the throne of England, and after the dis- astrous battle of Culloden was obliged to flee his country to save his life. He came to Virginia, while a brother of his settled in New Hampshire. The latter was the ances- tor of General George Thom, now of the corps of the United States Topographical Engineers. Dr. Thom spent his childhood and youth on his father’s plantation, receiv- ing his primary education in the old log schoolhouse of the neighborhood. During vacations he spent his time in the various shops, acquiring skill in the use of tools, and in becoming familiar on the plantation with every branch of agriculture. At a suitable age he was sent to the academy of Professor Thomas Hanson, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, where most of the gentlemen’s sons of that section were prepared for college. Returning home at fourteen, his mind filled with dreams of adventure, he soon formed the resolution of going to sea. Fearing opposition he kept this a secret. But his father learning of his intentions through his brother, endeavored to dissuade him from his purpose, but without effect. He finally accompanied him to Baltimore, gave him good advice, and secured him a position on a bark bound for Europe, but which sailed first to the port of Boston. His enthusiasm was so effectually dampened by this experience that he returned home, where he spent his time till he was eighteen years of age, partly in study, partly on the plantation; was for a time a clerk in a drug store, and made an extended visit to his sister, Mrs. Lucy L. Taylor, in Point Coupée, Louisiana, her husband being a wealthy planter. On the breaking out of -*the Mexican war he became animated with patriotic ardor and an ambition to distinguish himself in arms, and was elected First Lieutenant of a company raised in Fredericks- burg, but his father, regarding this step also with disfavor, compelled him to resign and return home. To induce him to remain and lead a quiet life, he gave him a fine farm, which only for a short time diverted his mind. He soon determined at all hazards to go to the war, and setting out for Washington alone, he called on President Polk and asked him for a commission. He was but nineteen years of age, a stranger, and without letters of introduc- tion or commendation, but his manly bearing and enthu- siasm delighted the President, who at once gave him a commission as Second Lieutenant in one of the ten regi- ments which Congress had voted to be raised for the war. On going to the Adjutant-General to get his commission, che found him to be an old friend of his father, and he greatly facilitated his object. After assisting in recruiting his regiment, he started for the scene of action. His com- pany was commanded by Captain W. B. Taliaferro. He was wounded near the “‘ Puento Nationale,’’ where, and also in the battle of Huamantla, he conducted himself with conspicuous courage. For a long time he was stationed in the city of Mexico and in the province of Taluca. From exposure and the effects of the climate he was at- 7oO 549 tacked at the close of the war with yellow fever in Vera Cruz. Taken on board the returning ship, he was carried to New Orleans, and thence to Fort Hamilton, New York, his condition being critical in the extreme, and but for the unwearied care of a very dear friend he could not have survived. After his recovery he commenced the study of medicine with his brother, Dr. William Alexander Thom, an eminent physician in Northampton County, Virginia. The following year he entered the Medical Department of the university of that State, from which he took distinc- tions. He graduated from the Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, in the class of 1851, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The Examining Board of Sur- geons of the United States Navy being then in session, he made application for a commission, and after three days of close questioning, out of one hundred applicants, he passed second on the list, and was commissioned Assistant Sur- geon in the United States Navy, and ordered to the frigate Savannah, stationed at Norfolk, in which he sailed on a four years’ cruise along the South American coast. On his return home he was granted a furlough, but before its expiration was ordered on a brig in command of Lieutenant Berrian, for deep-sea sounding preparatory to laying the Atlantic Cable. He had, however, made an engagement of marriage with Ella Lee, daughter of William De Courcy Wright, of Baltimore, and decided to leave the service. The ceremony was performed October 11, 1857, after which he devoted himself to agriculture, in Culpeppez County, Virginia, spending his winters in Baltimore. On the breaking out of the civil war he went to Richmond and offered his services to Governor Letcher. He was offered a commission as Major in the Regular Army of Virginia, which he declined for the Captaincy of Company D in the First Battalion of Virginia Regulars, generally known as the Irish Battalion. His popularity is shown in the unani- mous request made by the officers that he be put in com- mand of the battalion. He was with General Loring—who has since been in the service of the Khedive of Egypt— and in Romney’s expedition under Stonewall Jackson, and in all the marchings and battles of Western Virginia. Pneumonia, from exposure, nearly cost him his life, and compelled him to return home ; but before he had fully recovered he hastened back and was with Jackson at the battle of Kearnstown. He was in the thick of the fight; his hand was nearly torn to pieces, and his sword bent double with bullets. His life was saved in a remark- able-manner; a minie ball struck his testament directly over his heart, cut through the volume, when it was de- flected from its course and tore across his breast, making only a flesh wound. The concussion stopped the beating of his heart, and he was left on the field for dead. Afterwards he was found to be alive and was cared for. When suffi- ciently recovered he aided in the transportation of troops, but his health continuing in a precarious condition, a com- mission of surgeons ordered him to Mississippi. After this 55° a sea-voyage was recommended, and running the blockade at Charleston in 1863, he went to Italy via England. He was examined in Paris by the famous Dr. Ricord: Many Confederates were in that city, and Dr. Thom was held in reserve by Commodore Maury to accompany an expedition that was preparing to capture Boston and New York. His wife had died in 1861. In 1864he became engaged to Miss Catharine G. Reynolds, of Kentucky, whom he met in Italy. They were married in the same year in the Cathe- dral at Leamington, England. In 1866 he returned to Baltimore, where he has since resided, and become thor- oughly identified with its interests. In the fall of 1877 he was elected a member of the City Council, and was one of its most active and useful members. Dr. Thom is nota politician. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the State Con- vention at Richmond, Virginia, which nominated Henry A. Wise as a delegate to the National Convention of that year, this being his only political experience. He is an Episcopalian, which has been the faith of his fathers for generations, and is a vestryman in Christ Church, Balti- more. He has four sons; the two eldest by his first wife. William H. De Courcy W. Thom is now at the Univer- sity of Virginia, and editor of the University Magazine. His second son, Pembroke Lee Thom, is at the high school near Alexandria, where he carried off the first prize in 1877 as essayist and debater. His younger sons are N. R. Mayo Thom and J. Pembroke Thom, Jr. Dr. Thom is a gentleman of dignified and imposing presence, thor- oughly cultured, and respected and honored by those who know him most intimately. 0, @% EBSTER, Epwin Hanson, is of English descent. ¢ AK ; His ancestors were among the earliest settlers in y Maryland, and became owners of large landed ‘ estates at the head of Bush River in Harford 2 County. His great-grandfather, Samuel Webster, held a commission from the Crown as Inspector of To- bacco at Joppa, then a place of commercial importance. His grandfather, Richard Webster, was a Methodist min- ister contemporaneous with John Wesley. * He was the second minister of that denomination born in America. Rev. Henry Boehm in his Reminiscences speaks of him as ‘a fine specimen of the early Methodist minister. He was a perfect Christian gentleman.’ His father, Henry Webster, was an intelligent and successful farmer, and resided near Churchville, Harford County, Mr. Webster’s mother, Martha Hanson, a daughter of Benjamin Hanson, of Kent County, Maryland, was descended from a long line of Hansons, who early settled in the Province of Maryland. The children of Henry and Martha (Hanson) Webster are John W., who married Priscilla Smithson, of Harford; Dr. Richard H.; George S.; Benjamin F.; Edwin H. (the subject of this sketch); William, who ey -the State). BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. married Ann Stump, of Cecil County; Elizabeth; Ann M.; Phebe S., who married Joshua Rutledge, of Harford County; and Sarah F., who married Thomas J. Keatinge, of Queen Anne’s County, Maryland (now Comptroller of Edwin H. was born, March 31, 1829, at the homestead near Churchville. He received his primary education at the academy at that place, afterward attended New London Academy, Chester County, Pennsylvania. At the age of fifteen, he entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was graduated in 1847. After leaving college, he taught a classical school near his father’s residence for about eighteen months; then en- tered as a student of law in the office of Otho Scott at Bel Air. While reading law, and before his admission to the bar, he was, in 1851, nominated by the Whig party for State’s Attorney of his county. After his nomination, as no court would be held in the county prior to the elec- tion, Mr. Webster made application and was admitted to the bar in Baltimore city. In this political contest his opponent was Major William H. Dallam, a young man of great personal popularity and influential family connec- tions. Mr. Webster was defeated by a majority of ten votes, his party associates on the Whig ticket being also defeated. It is worthy of note that Mr, Webster and Mr. Dallam so conducted the campaign as to cement rather than sunder the ties of friendship, and have been on most intimate and cordial relations ever since. Mr. Webster entered on the practice of law in association with Mr. Stevenson Archer, and for four years devoted himself assiduously to his profession. In 1855 he was the candidate of the Ameri- can party for State Senator, and was elected by a majority of over one thousand. His opponent was Colonel Ramsey McHenry. It was arranged that joint party meetings should be held, and the candidates each address the meet- ings. The first of these was held at the court-house in Bel Air. After Colonel McHenry had spoken, he pro- pounded to Mr. Webster a series of questions that had been previously prepared for the occasion, the answers to which it was thought would embarrass Mr. Webster and prejudice if not defeat his election. Mr. Webster answered them fully and frankly, stating among other things that he did not ostracise any man politically either because of his race or religion; that he would vote for and support a suitable candidate, whether he be Catholic or Protestant, American or foreign born. At the second session, he was honored by an election to the Presidency of the Senate. While State Senator in 1856 he was a Presidential Elector of the American party, and contributed to carrying the State for Mr. Fillmore. In 1859 Mr. Webster was nomi- nated for Congress from the Second Congressional Dis- trict, composed of the counties of Kent, Cecil, Harford, Carroll, anda part of Baltimore County. Colonel Ramsey McHenry, who had been his opponent in the State Sena- torial contest, was now his opponent for Congressional honors. After the nomination and before the election, the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. John Brown raid occurred, which provoked intense feeling and rendered the canvass an exciting and bitter one, but Mr. Webster carried his district by over 700 majority. In the Congress of 1859, in which Mr. Webster first took his seat, the memorable contest for Speaker continued for about two months. The House of Representatives con- sisted of three parties, viz., Democrat, Republican, and American. The American party held the balance of power. Mr. Webster supported Hon.-John A. Gilmor, of North Carolina. The result was finally attained by the Republicans abandoning their candidate and unitedly giving their votes to the Hon. William Pennington, of New Jersey. This with the aid of a few American votes secured his elec- tion, In this Congress Mr. Webster was a member of the Committee on Militia, of the Special Committee of the Dedi- cation of Washington Equestrian Statue, and of other com- mittees. In 1860 Mr. Webster supported the Bell and Everett ticket. During the period of anxiety which intervened be- tween the secession of South Carolina and the outbreak of civil war, Mr. Webster exerted his influence at home in behalf of the Union, and in Congress for pacification. He was active and vigilant in thwarting the efforts of commissioners from the seceding States and those citizens of Maryland in sympathy with them, and was prominent among those who sustained Governor Hicks in resisting the pressure brought to bear upon him to convene the Legislature in extra ses- sion for purposes well understood to be in harmony with the general secession movement. While advocating in Con- gress the peace policy known as the “ Crittenden Compro- mise,” he distinctly declared, alluding to the position of Maryland (February 18, 1861), ‘She is now in the heart of the republic; there she desires to remain forever. She is not anxious to be either the northern boundary of a Southern Confederacy, or the southern boundary of a Northern Confederacy. Her safety, interest, honor, all de- mand that she shall hold if possible her present position.” On the breaking out of the war Mr. Webster declared him- self in favor of its vigorous prosecution by the Government, and upon that issue was again nominated by the Union party and re-elected to Congress, where at the extra session of July 4, 1861, he voted men and money. He served on the Committee on Claims, and on the Pacific Railroad, The latter committee reported the original charter of this great public work, which passed at the same Congress, Mr. Webster being its supporter in committee and in the House. He voted against the issue of “ legal tender notes,” upon Constitutional grounds, and also upon the conviction that the wiser finance was to raise money by the sale of bonds for specie. After being twice offered by the Presi- dent an appointment as Brigadier-General of Volunteers, which he declined in favor of General Kenly, Mr. Web- ster tendered his military services to Governor Bradford, and in the summer of 1862, under Executive authority, re- cruited the Seventh Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry, to serve for three years or the war. On September 12, 1862, 551 the regiment marched from Baltimore under the command of Colonel Webster, and went into active service at the front. About January 1, 1863, he took his seat in the House of Representatives for the short session, having left his regiment under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles E. Phelps. On the final adjournment of Congress, March 4, he assumed command of the regiment, then on Maryland Heights, and continued in command until after the Congressional election in November, 1863, his regiment during the most of that time forming a part of the Army of the Potomac. In July, 1863, while in the field, Colonel Webster was renominated for Congress by the Union party of his district, and in November was re-elected, although during this entire time he had not been within the bounds of his Congressional district. After his election, and before the meeting of Congress in Decem- ber, thinking it to be his duty to comply with the wishes of his constituents, as expressed in his election, and know- ing that his regiment would be left in the command of a most gallant and competent officer, Lieutenant-Colonel C. E. Phelps, he resigned his military commission. For his service of fifteen months, more than twelve of which were spent in the field, he accepted no pay or compensa- tion, furnishing his servants and horses at his own expense, At a meeting of officers held after his resignation, resolu- tions were adopted and signed by every officer in the regi- ment, testifying their high appreciation of their late com- mander as an officer and a gentleman, and their regret at losing him, The Thirty-eighth Congress was memorable for the proposed amendment, known as Article XIV of the Constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery. Colonel Webster voted for this measure, and also aided in securing the change in the Constitution of Maryland, by which slavery was abolished in his own State by State au- thority before its general abolition by the Constitution of the United States. In the summer of 1864, upon the in- vasion of Maryland by a Confederate army, Colonel Web- ster tendered his services to the Governor for the defence of the State, and after the withdrawal of the invading force he was appointed by Governor Bradford upon a commis- sion, with General Charles E. Phelps, Hon. Alexander Randall, and Grayson Eschelberger, Esq., to draft a mili- tary code for the organization and government of the mili- tia of the State, and spent the greater part of the summer in this work, the result of which forms the basis of the standing orders in force at this day. In November, 1864, Colonel Webster was again, and for the fourth time, elected to Congress, upon the same ticket with Lincoln and John- son. Upon being appointed Collector of the Port of Bal. timore by President Johnson, in August, 1865, Colonel Webster resigned his seat in Congress to enter upon the duties of that office, which he held for four years. A list of Maryland appointments ready for announcement the following day, including the name of Colonel Webster for the office mentioned, was in the pocket of President Lin- 552 coln at the time of the assassination. Upon his retirement from the office of Collector, Colonel Webster was presented by the importing merchants of Baltimore with a testimo- nial of his “energy, impartiality and faithfulness,” and by his subordinate officers in the Custom House, with a handsome service of silver plate. Upon the occasion of this presentation, Colonel Webster vindicated the civil service theory upon which he had administered the office, retaining competent and faithful officers without regard to political sentiments. self exclusively to the practice of his profession at Bel Air, and to the management of his personal affairs, declining all invitations to become a candidate for office himself, al- though always ready to interest himself in behalf of personal friends. Inheriting from his ancestors a decided taste for agricultural pursuits, he gives much attention to the culti- vation of his farm and the breeding of improved stock, and the fame of his herd of thoroughbred Jersey cattle is known beyond the limits of his county. He was married in June, 1855, to Caroline H. Earl, a widowed daughter of James McCormick, Jr., of Washington, D. C., and Eliza- beth, daughter of Dr. Philip Henderson, of Bel Air, upon part of whose lands Colonel Webster now resides. Their children living are Ida M. Webster, I. Edwin Webster, Bessie Webster, and Caroline H. Webster. OCKRILL, Jamzs Jackson, M.D., was born in Bal- I timore, March 28, 1815. His father, Thomas 7° Cockrill, who was of Scotch birth, came to Amer- ! icain 1794. Inthe war of 1812 he served as First Lieutenant in Captain Matthew McLaughlin’s Ar- tillery Company, of the Third Brigade of Maryland Mi- litia. Dr. Cockrill’s mother was Rebecca Veazey, daugh- ter of John Ward and Mary (Wilmer) Veazey, who were of English descent. J. J. Cockrill’s principal education was acquired at St. Mary’s College, Baltimore. His pro- fessional studies were pursued in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland, where he graduated in March, 1837. Immediately thereafter he established him- self in the practice of his profession in the eastern section of Baltimore, and continued therein, actively and success- fully, until his death. In 1863 he was commissioned by Governor Bradford as a Medical Examiner to decide on the physical fitness of drafted men for military duty, and was subsequently appointed to proceed, with two other medical gentlemen, to Frederick City for similar duty. By authority of the Secretary of War he performed the duties of Medical Officer at the United States Military Hospital at Patterson Park, Baltimore, in 1864 and 1865. He also served as Chairman of the Examining Board for the dis- charge of disabled soldiers. In these positions he was faithful to his work, and his ability was recognized by the civil and military authorities. In 1842 he became a mem- He has from that time devoted him- ° BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDTIA. ber of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and for some years was its President. Latterly he was a mem- ber of its Board of Examiners. He was a member of the National Medical Society, and represented the State of Maryland in the Committee on Nominations, when the an- nual sessions of the society were held in Baltimore, Cin- cinnati, and Washington, in successive years. In early manhood Dr. Cockrill united with the Wilkes Street Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He afterwards transferred his membership to the Broadway Church, and later still to Jackson Square Church, of the same denomination. He was a church officer, and was a frequent representative to Lay conferences. His counsel at official meetings always commanded respect. He was a man of imposing physical presence, and his general bearing indicated a cultivated mind and firmness of character. He unhesitatingly and without reserve gave expression to his opinions, and left no doubt on the minds of his hearers that he believed what he said, and rarely withheld what he believed. He possessed genial and social qualities, and his presence in- spired all with whom he was brought into personal relation with respect and reverence. He was gifted with rare con- versational powers and was always listened to with respect and profit. His life was pure and his character spotless. Charitable in his views he was ever ready to impart his Christian advice and counsel to the many who daily sought them. Dr. Cockrill’s wife was Mary E., daughter of Joseph T. and Eveline (Shaw) Ford. The latter was a daughter of Archibald Shaw, of Baltimore County, a de- scendant of the Clarkson family of Pennsylvania. The Clarksons were of Scotch descent. The doctor died at his residence, July 14, 1878, leaving his wife and five chil- dren his survivors. His son, Dr. Joseph M. Cockrill, who graduated at the Maryland University in the spring of 1871, married Miss Elizabeth Read. His daughter, Mary P. Cockrill, married Albert H. Carroll, superintendent of the Mount Vernon Cotton Mills, Baltimore County. SFRRCLBERT, Cuares, M.D., son of Hon. William J. and Emily (Jones) Albert, was born in Balti- P's" more, December 29, 1850. His mother was the e daughter of Talbot Jones, one of the most promi- % nent merchants of that city. His father, the Hon. William J. Albert, was one of the first capitalists of the State, and served for two terms in Congress, a period of four years. An earnest patriot, and the warm friend of Lincoln, he was one with whom the President loved to advise, and on whom he leaned in all the perplexing and trying times of the war. His house, the headquarters and rendezvous of the prominent Union men of the State, was the only one in Baltimore that was honored with Lincoln as a guest. He spared nothing; was willing to risk all his prop- erty in the cause he loved. Jacob Albert, the grandfather of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Dr. Albert, a native of Pennsylvania, founded in Baltimore the business which has been continued to the present time by his son and grandsons, and became one of the largest hard- ware merchants of the South. Dr. Albert received his classical education at the University of Maryland, graduating A.B. in 1868. He afterwards took a two years’ course in the Military Academy at Chester, Pennsylvania, and per- fected himself as a civil engineer. He then commenced the study of medicine in the office of Professor Nathan R. Smith, M.D., of Baltimore, and after pursuing a full course in the University of Maryland he graduated, re- ceiving his degree in 1872. This he followed by sixteen months, in Europe, spending the larger part of the time in London in practice in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and in the office of Sir James Paget. Before his return he travelled through France, Switzerland, and Germany. Ar- riving safely home in 1874, he settled in the practice of his profession on Monument Street, Baltimore, where his suc- cess has been highly satisfactory and encouraging. Dr. Albert is a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, In politics he is, like his father, a Republi- can. He was married in May, 1874, to Miss Maria A. Bascom, of Kentucky, and has two children, both daugh- ters, Mary Clark and Fanny Taylor Albert. WWAOPPER, Dante Cox, Farmer, of the Sixth District Doe of Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, was born Se May 22, 1816. His father was Daniel C. Hop- t per, a brother of Hon. P. B. Hopper, one of Maryland’s most eminent and respected citizens. The latter was for many years a Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Queen Anne’s County, and served in the State Assembly of Maryland. He was one of the committee to receive General Lafayette in Baltimore in 1825. He was at one time a candidate for Congress, but was defeated by Judge Carmichael. Daniel C. Hopper, Sr., died in 1849, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at the time of his death, and was universally esteemed for his exemplary Christian character. His wife, who was Maria, daughter of Colonel Thomas, of Wye Neck, Queen Anne’s County, died in 1850, in the seventieth year of her age. She was an ex- emplary Christian, and a strict member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She was very charitable, the poor ever finding in her a benevolent friend. The subject of this sketch was born and raised on a farm known as “ Mount Pleasant,” on which he still resides. It has been in the possession of his family for several generations. He at- tended a district school until his fifteenth year, when he - entered the Centreville Academy, then under the direction of Thomas C. Brown. He remained there until his nine- teenth year, when he undertook the management of his father’s farm, the latter being crippled by being thrown 553 from a horse. Mr. Hopper has been continuously and successfully pursuing the business of an agriculturist ever since. In March, 1869, he removed to ‘* Warner Hall,” Gloucester County, Virginia, where he remained for over five years still engaged in farming, though occupy- ing, from the above year until the election of officers under the State organization, the position of Chief Judge of the Magistrate’s Court. In 1874 he returned to the old Hop- per homestead. During the civil war Mr. Hopper was a decided and earnest friend and supporter of the Union, and was elected on the Union ticket in 1860 as County Commissioner, serving as such for two years, ‘Mount Pleasant,’ Mr. Hopper’s estate, is a tract of very valuable land, embracing three hundred acres. He has been thrice married : first, to Henrietta E., daughter of Eben Massey, of Kent County; she died October 3, 1842. His second wife was Anna Augusta Perkins, of Chestertown, to whom he was married November 16, 1847; she died July 4, 1858, leaving five children, four of whom are living: Sarah M., wife of O. W. Mosely, of Virginia; Anna A., wife of Ne- hemiah Baily, of Queen Anne’s County; Daniel C., Jr.; and Susanna P. Hopper. His third wife was Miss Evalina H., daughter of Hon. Charles McCallister, of Queen Anne’s County, the marriage occurring November 3, 1859. By the last marriage he has five children, three sons and two daughters. (QETTINGS, JOHN STERRETT, Banker, was born in CG the house where his father and grandfather were born, in the beautiful valley known as Long Green, ® in Baltimore County, about fifteen miles north of the city of Baltimore, May 27, 1798. The first owner of this estate, now known as Long Green Farm, was Thomas Gittings, the great-grandfather of John S. Gittings, its present possessor, who inherits it by regular lineal trans- mission. Thomas Gittings came to Maryland about the year 1684, and in 1720 obtained patents for a large tract of land in the valley, then named as Gittings’s Choice. He lived and died there, devising the estate to his son James. This son was zealous and active during the Revolution, and was a member of the General Assembly of Maryland at a time when the principal citizens were selected for the public service. It next became the possession of his son, James Gittings, Jr., who married Harriet Sterrett, daughter of John and Deborah (Ridgely) Sterrett. This lady was a daughter of John Ridgely, eldest son of the original proprietor of “‘ Hampton,” in Baltimore County. Mr. Gittings passed his childhood at Long Green, and re- ceived the rudiments of his education at his mother’s knee. His studies were further pursued at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania. At the age of fifteen he left col- lege, and entered the counting-house of James A. Buch- anan. At seventeen he was made Discount Clerk in the City Bank. In the spring of 1820 his father died, and he 554 was recalled to the country to take charge of his father’s estate. In 1821 he married Miss Eleanor Addison Smith, daughter of William Rogers Smith. This lady died in 1848, leaving two children, Eleanor Addison, who mar- ried George H. Williams, a prominent member of the Maryland bar, and William S. Gittings, who died several years since, leaving a son and a daughter. In the same year of his marriage, Mr. Gittings commenced business in Baltimore as a stock-broker. In 1835 he was elected President of the Chesapeake Bank. The following year he was appointed Commissioner of the Loans for the State of Maryland, which office he filled until removed through a change in the administration of the State. He was'reinstated under Democratic rule, but again removed under Republican sway. For many years he was a member of the City Council of Baltimore, during which time he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. He was elected by the city, and also appointed by the State, a Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Com- pany during the Presidency of Mr. William G. Harrison, and was Chairman of the Finance Committee, and was President of the Northern Central Railroad for two years. When the State of Maryland was divided into four judi- cial districts, he was elected Commissioner of Public Works. In the Democratic State Convention which nomi- nated E. Louis Lowe for Governor, Mr. Gittings’s name was presented as the choice of Baltimore County. In November, 1853, Mr. Gittings married Charlotte Carter Ritchie, daughter of the venerable and distinguished Thomas Ritchie, and granddaughter of Dr. Fouche, of Richmond, Virginia. Mr. Gittings has filled the position of President of the Chesapeake Bank, with the confidence of the public, for more than forty years. (0, G cCLELLAND, Cary, was born near Waynes- a p ! i. burg, Greene County, Pennsylvania, October 21, ; 1815. His father, John McClelland, was born oe in the same place, where his grandfather had set- tled in the middle ofthe eighteenth century. The latter was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and an ardent patriot. The subject of this sketch received his education in the subscription school of Morgan Township, Greene County, which was the only one in existence at that time in that neighborhood. Owing to the death of his father, when he was but fifteen years of age, he was deprived of the advantages of obtaining a good education, and his father’s farm being incumbered by debt it devolved upon him to devote his labors and energy to the clearance of the same and the support of his widowed mother and her children. After ten years of assiduous industry and great economy, working the farm during the spring, summer, and fall, and driving stock to market during the winter months, he had the satisfaction of seeing the debt entirely removed, and his brother and sisters receiving as good an education BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. as the surrounding schools could afford. During the above period (in 1834) he commenced operating in live stock, and that year carried the first lot of his own hogs and cattle to the Baltimore market. In 1844 he removed to Baltimore and established himself at Hoge’s drove- yard, then located at the northwest corner of Pratt and Amity streets, and associated himself with Levi Hoge as a commission dealer in hogs, he being the second person who had regularly established himself as such in that city. ” At first his operations were carried on upon a small scale, but he soon became well and favorably known among shippers from all parts of the country, and established a permanent trade. His copartnership with Levi Hoge con- tinued for four years, and was very successful. In 1848 he associated himself with William Gray, and for two years carried on business at the same yards, when he removed to the corner of Pratt and Carey streets, where the partner- ship was continued until 1853. He subsequently carried on business for one year with George Frank at the same place, but in 1854, the droveyards being removed outside of the city limits by ordinance of the Council, he joined with James Stockdale and built what is known as the . “Calverton Hotel and Droveyards,” where he continued to carry on his business until 1858, when the firm was dis- solved and he remained alone for one year. In 1859 he associated with him David Logan, and this partnership still exists. In 1867 Mr. McClelland built his handsome and commodious residence on the corner of the Calverton Road and Franklin Street, having previously (in 1863) purchased over twenty-five acres of the city’s portion of the old Almshouse property located in this neighborhood. Although in his sixty-foufth year he is still an active and vigorous business man, and is now surrounded by a large family of children and grandchildren. He has amassed a considerable fortune, and continues to be the owner of the valuable tract of land upon which the droveyards were originally located. He has always been known as a man of strict integrity, and in a business, where confidence is of the utmost importance, this fact has without doubt added to his long-continued success. He is of kindly impulses and a generous disposition. Few men have shown in their business life as much disinterested kindness to those who have been unfortunate. With means always at his command he was ever ready to assist the deserving, and not a few persons now enjoying the fruits of inde- pendence owe their success in great part to his timely lib- erality. RWeOHNSTON, Curistoruer, M.D., Professor of Sur- y 2 gery in the University of Maryland, was born, Sep- “> tember 27, 1822, in Baltimore, Maryland. His te grandfather, Christopher Johnston, was a native of P Moffat, Scotland. His grandmother, Susan, was the daughter of Griffin Stith, Esq., of Northampton County, Virginia. His father, Christopher Johnston, was a mer- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. chant of Baltimore, and his mother, Eliza, was the daugh- ter of Major L. Gates, of Keene, Massachusetts. The sub- ject of this sketch received his classical education at St. Mary’s College, Cincinnati, and St. Mary’s College, Balti- more. He pursued his medical studies in the office of Dr. John Buckler, in the Baltimore Almshouse, and in the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland. He was graduated Doctor of Medicine in the last-named in- stitution in 1844, and commeneed general practice in Bal- timore, giving special attention to microscopy, histology, and pathology. In 1848 Dr. Johnston travelled exten- sively in the United States, and in 1850 visited, as a student, England, France, Germany, Italy, Holland, Spain, and Switzerland. He is a member of the American Medical Association, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and was elected its President in 1876. He is also a member of the Baltimore Medical Association, Balti- more Clinical Society, Maryland Academy of Sciences, College of Physicians, Philadelphia, and of various micro- scopical societies. He has contributed many articles to the American Fournal of Medical Science, Microscopical Magazine of London, etc. In 1864 he was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the University of Maryland; in 1866 Professor of General Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy; in 1869 Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery; and of Surgery in 1870, which chair he still holds. Dr. Johnston is possessed of artistic abili- ties in drawing and painting, which enable him to illustrate his lectures with large drawings and water-color pictures. He has successfully performed most of the great operations of surgery. In 1855 he married Sally L. C., daughter of Benjamin P. Smith, Esq., a member of the bar of Wash- ington, D. C., and has five children living. cn>. DWE ARCLAY, Rev. JoserH H., D.D., Pastor of the SK First Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Maryland, was : born in Baltimore, April 1, 1834. His parents I were Hugh and Elizabeth Barclay. His father was the son of an English esquire, residing in Ireland, and a descendant of the old English family of Barclays. His mother was a native of Ireland, and of Scotch-Irish extraction, Dr. Barclay’s father emigrated to America and settled in Baltimore over sixty years ago. Owing to finan- cial misfortune and ill-health, he was prevented from giv- ing his son the liberal education he himself possessed, but he aided him in laying its foundation. Although deprived of college privileges, the subject of this sketch was able through self-discipline to enter and pass the examination of the graduating class of 1856, entering a course preparatory to the ministry in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. His mother was a most de- voted Christian, and to her influence he attributes his con- version and entrance into the ministry. His first charge 555 was at Williamsport, Maryland, where he remained but sixteen months, owing to the malarial climate, and his impaired health, resulting from typhoid fever. He was subsequently settled for six years at Red Hook, New York, near the Hudson River, after which he removed to Easton, Pennsylvania, where, although beginning with but eighteen members and twenty-three Sunday-school scholars, he was instrumental, within two years, in securing the erection of an elegant church edifice, and during his five years’ minis- try there the membership of the church was increased to two hundred and seventy-five, and the Sunday-school to three hundred. In 1872 he went to Baltimore, his former home, as the successor of the celebrated pulpit orator, Rev. Dr. McCron, The house on Lexington Street where his congregation worshipped having been entirely destroyed by fire in 1873, Dr. Barclay inaugurated and gave direc- tion to the undertaking which resulted in the erection of the magnificent marble structure on the corner of Fremont and Lanvale streets, erected at a cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. It is the most elegant house of worship of the Lutheran denomination in this country, and contains one of the finest organs in the city of Baltimore. Its beautiful memorial windows are a very attractive feature and afford an interesting study to the visitor. Not- withstanding the discouragements resulting from the general depression of business throughout the country, most of the debt incurred in the erection of this church has been liquidated, and the work is in a very prosperous con- dition. Asa result of his five years’ labor in Baltimore, Dr. Barclay has seen the membership of his church more than doubled in numerical strength, and that of the Sabbath-school trebled. His present congregation is the largest of any church of his denomination in the city or State, and embraces many of the most prominent business men of Baltimore, and a number distinguished for literary culture. He has always been an earnest and continuous worker in the Sabbath-school. His manner of preaching is illustrative and analytical, his thoughts being clearly and briefly expressed, and his delivery earnest and impressive. While pastor of the church at Easton, Pennsylvania, he made an extended tour through Europe, Egypt, and Pales- tine, and his notes of travel have been embodied in several interesting lectures, which have been well received in various cities. His title of Doctor of Divinity was con- ferred upon him by Roanoke College, of Virginia. He has occupied positions on the Board of Foreign Missions, and is at present (1879) President of the Children’s Foreign Missionary Society, which he originated, and which is the only society of the kind in the Christian Church. It em- braces over seven hundred schools, and has for its object the support of missionaries in India, and the care and Christian culture of heathen children, Thus far the society has been eminently successful. During his ministry Dr. Barclay has been instrumental in building five church edifices, and his labors have generally been attended with 556 most gratifying results. He married, April 27, 1856, Miss Martha Jenison, daughter of Joshua Jenison, of York, Pennsylvania. She died September 15, 1877. Five chil- dren were the fruits of this union, all of whom are living. On January 9, 1879, Dr. Barclay married Miss Louisa B. Super, daughter of Mr. Frederick Super, of Baltimore. Maryland, in 1810. He was the only son of Reuben oh Reynolds and his wife, Henrietta Maria Cromwell. Reuben was the son of Jacob and Rebecca Day Rey- nolds. He was the son of Henry Reynolds, a distinguished minister of the Society of Friends, who, with his wife, came from Nottingham, in England, and settled in Not- tingham, in Cecil County. Henrietta Maria Cromwell was the daughter of John Hammond and Mary Hammond (Dorsey) Cromwell, of England. He was a lineal de- scendant of Oliver Cromwell, through his son, Sir Henry Cromwell, and Lady Mary Russell. The subject of this sketch was left fatherless when only seven years of age, and was at once placed at Nottingham Academy, Rev. Dr. Magraw, Principal. At the age of twelve he entered Dick- inson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was graduated when only fifteen years of age. Subsequently he read medicine with Professor Nathan R. Smith, of Baltimore, and at the age of twenty-one was graduated at the Uni- versity of Maryland. Fora short time thereafter he was Private Secretary for General Cass, at Washington, where he went to perfect himself for examination for surgeon of the United States Army. He then went before the United States Medical Board, sitting in New York city, and after a class of twenty young physicians had been examined, Dr. Reynolds received from the board a certificate that he had passed with the highest honors of the class. He was then appointed Surgeon United States Army by President Andrew Jackson, and sent to Florida. For General Jackson Surgeon Reynolds had the highest admiration; the regard was mutual, and when General Jackson retired to the “ Hermitage,’’ Dr. Reynolds had the honor of being detailed by Surgeon General Lawson one of the escort to accompany General Jackson to his home. Dr. Reynolds continued in the army until 1839, when he resigned, and was appointed by the Government a Disbursing Agent to the Sioux Indians in the Upper Missouri country. The same year he married his cousin, Ellen Moore Reynolds, daughter of Judge David Reynolds, of Lewistown, Penn- sylvania, and his second wife, Ellen Moore, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He located in Mifflin County, Pennsylva- nia, and during his residence there practiced his profession with marked success. In 1846, when war was declared against Mexico, Dr. Reynolds tendered his services, and was appointed Surgeon of the First Regiment of Pennsyl- Yad EYNOLDs, Joun CROMWELL, M.D., Surgeon AC United States Army, was born in Cecil County, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. vania Volunteers, and entered Mexico with General Win- field Scott. On arriving there he was detached from his regiment, and as staff officer was placed in command of the operating department at Cerro Gordo. Afterwards had charge of the hospitals at Perote, and hospitals for, four thousand volunteers at Mexico under General Robert Pat- terson, of Philadelphia. He was at the taking of Puebla, and of the city of Mexico. He was distinguished as a surgeon and for his bravery, and was known by the sobriquet of the ‘Fighting Doctor.” His popularity with his regiment manifested itself after the close of the war, by their presentation to him of a magnificent sword, with all the battles they fought inscribed upon it, and with honorable recognition of his devotion to them as a friend and physician. This sword has been given by Dr. Rey- nolds’s widow to Mrs. Thaddeus Banks, a sister of Dr. Rey- nolds, to be held in trust for her grandson Cromwell, son of Colonel M. H. Stacey, United States Army, who mar- ried a daughter of Mrs. and Mr. Thaddeus Banks, of Hol- lidaysburg, Pennsylvania. For this youth no higher bene- diction need be asked than that the mantle of his uncle for intellect, integrity, bravery, wit, and all the attributes that go to make a finished gentleman may fall upon him. Dr. Reynolds was of medium height, light erect figure, dark gray eyes, soft brown hair, that fell in waves over a finely- formed head. He was of a highly sensitive temperament, and at times vehement in ‘manner, but was usually bland and complacent. He was devotedly attached to his wife, sisters, and family. He was a ripe scholar, and read Hebrew and Greek with as much facility as he did Eng- lish. Judge Jeremiah Black said he was the most brilliant conversationalist he had ever met. In politics Dr. Rey- nolds was a Democrat of the Jacksonian school, strong in his convictions of right, and zealous in the maintenance of his opinions. By education and conviction he was a Presbyterian, and died in the faith of salvation through the atonement of Jesus Christ. His death was the result of a malarial disease contracted while in Mexico, from which he never recovered, and from which he died in Lewis- town February 20, 1849, aged thirty-nine years, leaving a widow. Jews Henry, a distinguished Minister of AX the Society of Friends, emigrated with his wife .° from Nottingham, England, early in the eigh- “ teenth century, and settled in Nottingham, Cecil County, Maryland. His brother William after- wards came to America and settled in New York. Another brother, John, accompanied him and settled in Carolina. Henry survived his English wife, and afterwards married a Mrs. Haines. He was the father of twelve sons, viz., Jacob, Stephen, Jonathan, Samuel, Reuben, David, Jesse, Israel, Henry, William, Elijah, and Benjamin, The most of these removed to other States, south and. west, and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. have numerous descendants; many of whom are men of mark, wealth, and influence in Church and State. Jacob, the eldest, married Rebecca Day and left nine sons: Henry, Stephen, Jacob, Israel, Thomas, Jonathan, Samuel, Benjamin, and Reuben; all of whom lived and died in Cecil County and left numerous descendants. Reuben married Henrietta Maria Cromwell, a daughter of John Hammond Cromwell, of England, who married, in Mary- land, his cousin, Mary Hammond Dorsey. He was a lineal descendant of Oliver Cromwell, through his son, Sir Henry Cromwell and Lady Mary Russell. Reuben was a farmer and merchant, and a man of influence in Cecil County. His children were Dr. John Cromwell Reynolds, Surgeon in the United States Army, who married his cousin, Ellen Moore Reynolds, daughter of Judge David Reynolds, of Lewistown, Pennsylvania, and his wife Ellen Moore, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania (see his biography) ; Mary, who married Colonel Samuel Jennings Prosser, a descendant of Governor Jennings, of New Jersey. Colonel Prosser was the son of Major Uriah Prosser, who fell at the battle of North Point, and whose memory is perpetu- ated on the Battle Monument in Baltimore city. Colonel Prosser, then a lad, went into the battle with his father, who was killed by his side. Edgar C. Prosser, land- broker of Philadelphia, is a son of Colonel Prosser. Mrs. Prosser survived her husband, and afterwards married Ben- jamin Briscoe and removed to Iowa, and has one son, John Oliver Briscoe, a leading man in that State. Rebecca, a lady of rare endowments of head and heart, died young and unmarried. Maria married George Calbraith, of McVeytown, Pennsylvania, and died leaving one child, Henrietta, who married Robert A. Clark, attorney-at-law, Altoona, Pennsylvania, and have children. Delia, a lady of intelligence, culture, and refinement, to whom the writer is indebted for the genealogical history of this sketch, married the Hon. Thaddeus Banks, eldest son of the late Hon. Ephraim Banks, Auditor-General, member of the Constitutional Convention, etc., of Pennsylvania. He was esteemed alike for his patriotism, learning, and piety. His son is a lawyer of prominence at Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. They have five children, viz., Cecil Crom- well Reynolds, attorney-at-law; Kathleen, who married C. Howard Porter, coal dealer, of Hollidaysburg, Pennsyl- vania; Juniata, who married the Hon. Ambrose Ewing, of Cecil County, Maryland; May Henrietta, who married Colonel M. H. Stacey, U. S. A.; Delia Cromwell, who married George W. Sadtler, merchant, of Baltimore. Judge David Reynolds, of Lewistown, Pennsylvania, was the son of Benjamin, the youngest son of Henry. Judge Reynolds married first, Mary Job, daughter of Colonel Purdy, of Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. They had three children, viz., Dr. John Purdy Reynolds, who fell at the Alamo, Texas; Mary J., who married John Christy, of Juniata County: she survived her husband, and with her children removed to Monticello, Illinois; and Benjamin 71 557 Bryson, who resides in Lafayette, Illinois, and has children. Judge Reynolds’s second marriage was to Miss Ellen Moore, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Their only child, Ellen Moore Reynolds, married Dr. John Cromwell Reynolds, U.S. A. John Reynolds, the son of Benjamin, youngest son of Henry, married Hannah Knight. Their children who arrived at maturity were, Mary, who married Daniel Megredy, of Cecil County, and left one child, Hannah Elizabeth, wife of Colonel Edwin Wilmer (see his biog- raphy); Eliza, who married the Rev. Robert Gerry, of the Philadelphia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and left one child, Lucius A. C. Gerry, of Port Deposit; Lydia Ann, who married William Parker, merchant of Port Deposit, and left three sons, Leonard Smith, Joseph Kosciusco, and Daniel Megredy, and one daughter, Hannah Marjory, all of whom are married. Mrs. Henrietta Maria (zée Cromwell) Reynolds survived her husband, Reuben Reynolds, and afterwards married John Briscoe, who was the son of Benjamin Briscoe, of Kent County, Maryland, and his wife, Rebecca Porter, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Benjamin Briscoe, was one of three brothers who emigrated from Sussex, England, and settled in Kent County. One of the brothers, John, returned to England; another brother, Alexander, removed to Virginia. John Briscoe, after his marriage with Mrs. Reynolds, purchased a property near the Rising Sun, Cecil County, Maryland, and resided thereon until his death, in 1835, aged fifty years. They had five children, viz., Alexander, attorney-at-law and farmer, in Cecil County. He has represented his county in the Legislature of the State. Henry and his sister Elizabeth reside at the homestead.” Benjamin, the eldest son, read medicine and removed to California. Sarah, married the Hon. R. A. McMurtrie, of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, and died in the second year of her marriage. WN: ONTAGUE, CoLoneEL CHARLES PRICE, President aD Me: of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to mw" ~~ Animals, was born in Richmond, Virginia, No- f vember 26, 1827. After receiving a thorough edu- cation he, in 1847, went to Baltimore, where he accepted a position in the wholesale drygoods house of Hoffman, Burnetson & Co., where he controlled a large Southern trade, for which he received a handsome com- pensation yearly, which was gradually increased during his occupancy of the position. After the discontinuance of the business of the above establishment, Mr. Montague was appointed Tobacco Inspector, and, at the expiration of his term of four years, received the unanimous request of the tobacco interest of Maryland to reapply for the office. He declined doing so, and enfered into the insurance busi- ness, which he pursued with great energy and unparalleled success. During the late war Colonel Montague was noted for his benevolence to the wounded of both armies on the 558 various battlefields of Maryland and Pennsylvania; for Southern though he was in sentiment, he recognized no difference when it came to the alleviation of human suffer- ing. After the war he removed to Baltimore County, and, a year thereafter, was elected to the State Legislature, in which he soon gained a reputation as an eloquent debater and parliamentarian. On the election of James B. Groome as Governor of Maryland, he appointed Mr. Montague on his staff, with the rank of Colonel. He has held several other important positions, but is now leading a retired, quiet life, in his elegant home in the northern section of Baltimore, where he dispenses his hospitality in the most liberal style. [In 1851 Colonel Montague married the eldest daughter of the late Marcus Dennison, merchant, of Baltimore, by whom he had six children, three of whom, all grown, are living. Fr eccys Gustavus R., Merchant, was born , ) ° in the city of Baltimore in 1811. He there spent om his youthful years attending various private schools, and at the age of sixteen commenced to learn the block and pump making business. Being of an adventurous disposition, and having a strong inclina- tion toward a seafaring life, young Henderson became a sailor, and vayaged in different vessels on near and distant waters. At the age of nineteen years he studied naviga- tion under the instruction of Professor Tower, a distin- guished mathematician of Cohasset, Massachusetts, from whom he acquired a thorough knowledge of that science, which profitably availed him in his subsequent career as a shipping merchant and large owner of sailing craft. At the age of twenty-one years he established himself in part- nership with his brother John in the cordage manufactur- ing business, under the firm style of John Henderson & Co. This firm was the first to start the tugboat business in Baltimore, and was at one time one of the most consider- able owners of shipping in that city. The house ran packets to New Orleans and Liverpool, and was: largely instrumental in building up the foreign trade of Balti- «* Henderson’s Wharf,” a valuable water-front in that city, belongs to the above firm. Mr. Henderson spent much time in Europe in the interests of his house, his transactions there being very profitable. He is one of seven children. His brother and partner, John, died in 1874, leaving Gustavus in the sole management of the business, which is still continued under the old frm name. The house of John Henderson & Co. is one of the oldest mer- cantile establishments in Baltimore, having been founded in 1833. Mr. Henderson is of Scotch-Irish parentage, his father being a native of Ireland and his mother a native of Scotland. He has never held any public position, and has always kept carefully aloof from politics. His career has been an eminently practical and useful one, and the great success he has met with is attributable to his energy, a more. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA.. enterprise, and unswerving integrity. He is pleasant and gentle in his manners, and possesses that disposition which is calculated to win and retain the friendship and affection of all with whom he is brought into intimate personal relation. 9 NSODSON, R., was born in 1835 in the town of St. ) Michael’s, Talbot County, Maryland. His father ae was Captain R. A. Dodson, who at present holds (ap the position of Postmaster in St. Michael’s. His # mother was Miss Hester A. Keithly, of Baltimore. He received his classical instruction under the Rev. Dr. Spencer, a greatly honored and successful teacher, with whom he studied for four years. At the age of eighteen he engaged in the profession of teaching in his native county, He graduated in medicine in 1859, and began to practice in Queen Anne’s County, which he continued un- | til 1862, when he entered the United States service as As- sistant Surgeon of the First Maryland Cavalry. He served under Banks, McDowell, Pope, Hooker, Stoneman, Pleas- anton, Buford, Kilpatrick, and Meade;.he was appointed to operating corps at various times from Slaughter Moun- tain, battle of Bull Run, Petersburg, etc. He was pros- trated with fever at Bull Run, and was unable to return to duty until December 7, 1862. From excessive service he broke down in February, and was unfit for duty until the following May. He was appointed as Surgeon of his regi- ment in 1863, and served in various relations on regimental and brigade service. In the winter of 1863 Dr. Dod- son was appointed one of the examining surgeons for the State of Maryland, acting in this capacity until the close of 1864, with headquarters in the city of Baltimore. He remained in the service and witnessed the closing scenes of the war at Appomattox, and was not mustered out until August, 1865, being on special duty. After the close of the war he was married to Miss Lucy, eldest daughter of Charles E. Skinner, Esq., of Kent. Island, Queen Anne’s County, and entered upon the practice of his profession. He has practiced in Talbot and adjoining counties ever His first wife died leaving three children, two of whom now survive. He subsequently married Miss Addie Skinner, a sister of his first wife, and is practicing his pro- fession in St. Michael’s, Maryland. Dr. Dodson has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since boyhood, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. since. Wo OYD, A. Hunter, State’s Attorney for Alleghany SA County, Maryland, was born at Winchester, Vir- x ginia, July 15, 1849. His father, Rev. A. H. H. : Boyd, died at that place in December, 1865. Mr. { Boyd received his elementary education at Win- chester. In September, 1865, he entered Washington Col- lege, afterwards called the Washington and Lee Univer- AN Ss 1 \ ‘ . \ a ii 7 \ * / a ae \ q ~~ ae N TU %( Se BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sity, at Lexington, Virginia. He remained during two ses- sions, after which he spent one session at the University of Virginia. In the fall of 1869 he commenced the study of law in his native place, and was Deputy Clerk in the office of County Clerk until October, 1870, when he entered the law school at Lexington, Virginia. In June of the following year he took the degree of Bachelor of Law, “and in August he settled permanently in Cumberland, Maryland, and commenced the practice of his profession. He was elected State’s Attorney for Alleghany County in November, 1875. This office he still holds; his time will expire in January, 1880. He married, in December, 1874, Miss Berien M. Thurston, daughter of the late General A. Thurston, of Cumberland. Dy ® ROWN, James H., D.D., was born August 20, 1807. SA His parents were of different nationalities. His axe father, Henry Brown, was a native of Waterford, i Ireland. His early life was spent on the ocean. His mother, Michol Magdalene Boyer, was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1772. She was a descendant of a German refugee family that fled to this country under the revocation gf the Edict of Nantes. They settled in Pennsylvania when it was a colony of Great Britain. His father and mother were united in marriage February 3, 1791. They had six sons and two daughters. The subject of this sketch was the last but one. To his mother James H. was deeply indebted for the whole bent and type of his life. She possessed great firmness, and had the art of leaving the impress of her mind upon her children. When quite young his parents removed to Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and finally settled near what is now called Kingstown, six miles east of Carlisle. In his fifleenth year he left the parental home to enter the world for himself. It was the day after Christ- mas, and very cold. His mother followed him to the gate, and with tears in her eyes she bid him good-bye, saying, “ Henry, try and be a good boy, fear the Lord, and you shall never be without a friend.” That parting scene and the sweet influence of a mother’s love followed him in ten- der memories in after years. He travelled that day thirty miles on foot to York, Pennsylvania, which he reached late in the afternoon. There a brother resided, engaged in the watchmaking business, with whom he purposed learning the trade. Whilst engaged in this new occupation he was impressed with the importance of improving his mind. His leisure moments were therefore devoted to reading and mental improvement. Toward the close of 1824 his brother opened a shop in Shrewsbury and put him in charge of it. He was now fully among strangers, and felt what it was to make the best of life for himself. Imme- diately on his arrival he formed the acquaintance of Dr. James Gerry, who had just located in the place and com- menced the practice of medicine. He was the only friend 559 and companion he had until his conversion. They boarded for some time together, and occupied the-same room and the same shop. The doctor was a moral, intelligent, and thoughtful man. He became a Christian, and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was eminently use- ful in his day. He died in 1873, and his funeral address was delivered by his early associate. Mr. Brown availed himself of the opportunity which this acquaintance with Dr. Gerry afforded him, and read medicine and studied chemistry. He attracted the attention of the good people of the town. A religious family invited him to board with them, which was cordially accepted and proved of perma- nent good. Robert and Susan Fife are names embalmed in his memory forever. In their house he became ac- quainted with many of the old preachers of the Baltimore Conference. About this time he had frequent conversa- tions with Henry Doll, a local preacher, to whom he owes more for religious and spiritual instruction than any other man. On September 5, 1826, he was converted at a camp meeting on the old Shrewsbury ground, and, September 16, 1827, joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. He received license to preach in October, 1828. On the 28th of that month he left Shrewsbury and entered upon the career of an itinerant Methodist preacher. ceived into the Baltimore Conference March 2, 1829, and was appointed as junior preacher on the Bellefonte Circuit. Since that period he has held many important appointments in the Baltimore Conference, within the States of Mary- land, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, His last regular appointment was to Whatcoat Chapel, Baltimore. In 1861, depressed in spirit with the agitated state of the country and the affairs of the Church, he re- tired from the active duties of the itinerancy, but with the privilege of preaching whenever his health and oppor- tunity would permit. During the war he gave all the means he could command to aid the Government. He was appointed Chairman of the committee by the loyal’ minis- ters of Baltimore to draft resolutions as an expression of their loyalty, and to give moral support to the Government. The paper was presented and adopted without amendment. In 1869 the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by Dickinson College. He is now far in the evening of life, sensible that the shadows are length- ening. On March 26, 1837, he was united in marriage to Ann Maria Hines, of New Oxford, Adams County, Penn- sylvania, who is still living. He was re- BONAPARTE FAMILY. ONAPARTE, JEROME, youngest brother of Napo- leon, was born, November 15, 1784, at Ajaccio, in Corsica, celebrated as the birthplace of Napoleon, and died at Paris, June 24,1860. He was educated in the college at Juilly; entered the French Army as a private in 1800, and soon afterward joined the naval ser. 560 vice in the Mediterranean; served in the expedition to San Domingo in 1801, bolding the rank of Lieutenant; subse- quently, as commander of a French squadron, secured the liberation of several hundred French and Genoese pris- oners who had been captured by the Dey of Algiers. After attaining the rank of Rear-Admiral, he was trans- ferred to the land service, and served as General of a brigade against the Prussians in 1806. The following year he was crowned King of Westphalia. He commanded a corps of Germans in the campaign against Austria in 1812; lost his throne in 1813; after which he left France to reside in Switzerland. He was afterward made a peer by Napoleon.. After Napoleon’s abdication, he spent many years in exile, dwelling most of the time in Florence. In 1848, having returned to Paris, he was appointed Governor of the Invalides, and in 1850 became a Marshal of France. The life of Jerome Bonaparte is especially in- teresting to Americans on account of his marriage, Decem- ber 24, 1803, to Miss ELIZABETH PATTERSON, daughter of William Patterson, at that time a prominent and wealthy citizen of Baltimore. It is one of. the most romantic and interesting incidents in connection with the history of that city. During Jerome Bonaparte’s visit to the United States in 1803, on his return to France from San Domingo, he met and was introduced to Miss Patterson. She was then in her eighteenth year, and distinguished as a lady of remarkable personal beauty. An attachment sprung up between them, which resulted in their marriage. The marriage ceremony was performed by Archbishop Carroll, the first archbishop of the United States, and cousin of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, distinguished as one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. A marriage contract was drawn by Alexander J. Dallas, subsequently Secretary of the Treasury, which was witnessed by several prominent officials, including the French Consul and the Mayor of Baltimore. Atter a year’s residence in this country, the distinguished couple embarked for Europe in the spring of 1805, and on their arrival at Lisbon, learned that Napoleon was so displeased with their marriage, on account of his consent not having been obtained and his desire for his brother to marry a European princess, that he had issued an order prohibiting Madame Bonaparte to land in France. Jerome Bonaparte left the vessel at Lisbon to see the Emperor and importune him to recog- nize the marriage, which Napoleon in his usual despotic manner refused to do, and with threats of imprisonment compelled Jerome to comply with his wishes in the matter. Madame Bonaparte took command of the vessel, which had been chartered by Jerome for their trip, and ordered the captain to sail for the Texel, and after another ineffec- tual attempt to land, and being held as a prisoner for four- teen days, she ordered the vessel to sail for England, where she remained a short time at Camberwell, near London, and where her only child, Jerome Napoleon, was born. On account of hostilities then prevailing ‘between BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. England and France, her arrival in England created con- siderable excitement, and the mob, not knowing the his- tory of her case, was not disposed to permit her to land, but Pitt, knowing of her cruel treatment by Napoleon, gave orders that she should be received with the highest honor and distinction. She finally returned to the United States, and Baltimore thereafter became the home of Madame Bonaparte and her son. Notwithstanding fre- : quent importunities on the part of Jerome, Napoleon re- fused to recognize the marriage. Failing in his efforts to induce Pope Pius VII to annul the marriage, he finally obtained a decree from the municipal authorities of Paris declaring it null and void. Although Jerome’s conduct in the matter shows that he was strongly attached to Madame Bonaparte, his failure to secure the recognition of the marriage by the Emperor, and the influence brought to bear to induce him to yield to the will of Napoleon, finally caused him to marry, in 1807, Frederica Catharine, daughter of the King of Wiirtemberg. Madame Bona- parte never saw her husband after their separation in 1805, except, casually, many years afterward, while visiting an art gallery in Florence, Italy; but they did not speak to each other. After the marriage of Jerome to the daughter of the King of Wiirtemberg, Madame Bonaparte pursued a firm and dignified course in her endeavor to vindicate her rights, which commanded the respect of the imperial family and gave the world evidence of her nobility and purity of character. Jerome, after his marriage, offered her the principality of Smalcald, with forty thousand dollars a year, an offer she promptly declined, with the reply, that “though Westphalia might be a considerable kingdom, it was not large enough to hold two queens.’ Napoleon appreciated the answer, and intimated through the French minister at Washington his desire to serve her. She asked to be made a Duchess of France, which he promised to do later, and she received twenty thousand dollars cash, and an annuity of twelve thousand dollars, which was paid until Napoleon’s abdication. The question involving the rank of her family was subsequently brought before the French courts, and the cause argued by such eminent counsel as Berryer, the great French advocate, but decided adversely, After the fall of the Emperor Napoleon and the dethronement of Jerome, Madame Bonaparte thought it possible that her husband might, in the event of his coming to this country, set up a claim to her property, and as in those days a woman’s right to hold property was not so well protected as now, she applied to the Legislature of Maryland fora divorce, which was granted. Since that time she used only the name of Patterson, and all her business was transacted under the name of Elizabeth Patterson. She possessed extraordinary business sagacity, and was so successful in the management of her estate, that at the time of her death her wealth was estimated at more thana million dollars. She died in the city of Baltimore, Fri- day, April 4, 1879, in the ninety-fifth year of her age, and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. her remains were interred in Greenmount Cemetery. Up to within a short time before her death she was in the full possession of her faculties; her mind was bright and vig- orous, and she exhibited remarkable vivacity and cheer- fulness. She was a lady of very superior culture, winning manners, and brilliant conversational powers. Her personal beauty won the admiration of Talleyrand, Wellington, and Madame De Stael, and the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos paid tribute in his “ Memoirs” to her “ talent, piquant charm, and untarnished name.” “If she were a Queen,” said Talleyrand, ‘with what grace would she reign!’ Gortschakoff, then a diplomat debutant, said that had she been “ near the throne the allies would have found it even more difficult to dispose of Napoleon.” “ With her airy manner, beauty, and wit,” said Lady Mor- gan, whose close friend and correspondent Madame Bona- parte was, “she would have made an excellent princess, American as she was. One wonders that Napoleon could have been blind to her capabilities, he whose motto was, ‘ The tools to him who can use them.’”’ At the announce- ment of her death, the New York 77mes, commenting on her remarkable career, said, ‘“‘ When Europe and America rang with her name, Jefferson was President of the United States and Napoleon was First Consul of France, yet her personal history is so romantic, so strange and solitary, so unlike the history of any other woman that ever lived, that it comes down to us from that remote period with the fresh interest of a current event. Her story lives because it ap- peals to the heart. A woman whose wrongs are written not only in the state papers and official dispatches, but upon the hearts of the sympathizing people of many nations, cannot be forgotten while she lives, and memory must long treasure her name after she dies.” Amid all the trials and vicissitudes of her long and eventful career, she exhibited a remarkably buoyant disposition, and maintained a high moral character and a blameless reputation. Notwith- standing the cruel treatment Madame Bonaparte received at the hands of the imperial family, she spoke of Jerome in the highest terms, and excused his conduct on the ground that he was perfectly powerless in the hands of Napoleon to accomplish anything in her behalf. Yet, while the muse of history will record the fact that Jerome Bonaparte distinguished himself, both as a naval and mili- tary officer, and fought by the side of Napoleon at Ligny and Waterloo, displaying great bravery and capacity, it will not omit the affecting story of Madame Bonaparte’s life, nor justify the ignoble conduct of him who deserted her for princely honors and advancement. BONAPARTE, JERoME NapoLeon, only child of Jerome and Elizabeth (Patterson) Bonaparte, was born at Camberwell, England, July 7, Tos. He was educated at Harvard College, where he graduated with honor: in the year 1826. He studied law, but never entered upon the practice of his profession, his time being principally occu- 561 pied in agricultural pursuits and the management of his large estate. He was married, November 3, 1829, to Miss Susan May Williams, still living, a native of Baltimore, and daughter of Benjamin Williams, Esq., formerly a citi- zen of Roxbury, Massachusetts. He frequently visited Europe, and he and his father were on the best of terms. During the reign of Louis Philippe, he was permitted to reside in Paris on condition that he should pass under the name of Patterson. This restriction was soon afterward removed, however. While travelling through Europe in- cognito, he attracted considerable attention on account of his striking resemblance to his uncle Napoleon. He vis- ited Napoleon III several times, by whom he was most cordially received. During his residence in Baltimore he led a somewhat retired life. He took no part in politics, and held no official positions. He sympathized with the United States Government, however, during the civil war, and was outspoken in his Union sentiments. He died June 17, 1870, and his remains were taken to Loudon Park Cemetery, Baltimore, for interment, where they now re- pose. He was an affable, warm-hearted gentleman, whose social disposition, generous nature, and many acts of kind-. ness and charity won for him the love of all who knew him. Mr. Bonaparte had two sons, Jerome Napoleon and Charles Joseph Bonaparte, both of whom survive him. BONAPARTE, CoLONEL JEROME NAPOLEON, elder son of Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, and grandnephew of Napoleon I, was born, November 5, 1830, at Balti- more, and graduated at West Point in 1852, and till the resignation of his Lieutenancy in the Mounted Riflemen, U.S. A., August 16, 1854, served on frontier duty in this country. He entered the Imperial French Army, September 5, 1854, as Second Lieutenant of the Seventh Dragoons, be- came Chef d’ Escadron Third Cuirassiers, August 15, 1855, and was transferred, March 16, 1857, to the Dragons de l’Imperatrice. He served in the Crimean war against Rus- sia, 1854-55, as engineer at Balaklava, Inkermann, Tcher- naia, and the siege of Sebastopol, for all of which distin- guished active services he was decorated by the Sultan of Turkey with the “ Medjidie Order,” made Knight of the “ Legion of Honor of France,’’ and received the Crimean medal from the Queen of England. He was in the Algerian campaign, 1856-57, engaged in several actions with the Kabyles; in the Italian campaign against Austria in 1859. He was also engaged at Montebello, Solferino, and various outpost affairs, receiving for his gallantry the French “ Me- daille d’Italie”” and the decoration of “ Military Valor” from the King of Sardinia. He was in garrison at various posts, 1859-67, and in the guard of the Empress of France, 1867-72. On the fall of the empire he with difficulty es- caped with his life from the Commune in Paris. At the close of the war in 1871 he returned to this country, and married the same year, at Newport, Rhode Island, Mrs. Caroline Reloy Edgar, formerly Miss Appleton, grand- 562 daughter of Daniel Webster. Colonel Bonaparte resided in the United States until the fall of 1873, when he went to Europe, and has been living in Paris most of the time since. He returned to the United States in April, 1879, to be present during the last illness of his grandmother, Madame Bonaparte, arriving at Baltimore a few days be- fore her death. He has two children, a daughter and a son. BONAPARTE, CuHarLes JosepH, younger brother of Colonel Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, was born June 9g, 1851. At the age of eighteen he entered Harvard Col- lege, remained there two years, and graduated in 1871. After his graduation, he entered as Junior the Harvard Law School, and graduated from that institution in 1874, when he returned to Baltimore, was admitted to the Balti- more city bar, and entered upon the practice of his profes- sion, in which he is at present successfully engaged. He was married, September 1, 1875, to Miss Ellen Channing Day, of Boston, and is now residing in Baltimore County, at his country seat, about four miles from the city (on a farm presented to him by his grandmother, Madame Je- rome Bonaparte). He is a member of the Roman Catho- lic Church, and a Republican in polilics, though not a politician. AVIS, Henry WINTER, was born in Annapolis, a Maryland, August 16, 1817. His father, Rev. x Henry Lyon Davis, was a clergyman of the Protes- i tant Episcopal Church, the rector of St. Ann’s Par- t ish, and at one period President of St. John’s College. The latter’s wife was Jane Brown Winter, a lady of fine intellectual attainments and elegance of person. Henry Winter Davis’s early education began at home, under the strict supervision of his aunt, Elizabeth Brown Winter. Later training with his father in Wilmington, Delaware, in which city the latter temporarily lived, and in Anne Arundel County, to which he returned, fitted him for school, from whence he entered Kenyon College, Ohio, in the autumn of 1833. He graduated, September 6, 1837, at the age of twenty years. In October, 1839, he entered the University of Virginia, where he pursued a thorough legal course, and laid the foundation of the elegant scholar- ship which distinguished him not less than his legal re- search and brilliant oratory. After graduating at the above institution he settled in Alexandria, Virginia, and entered upon the practice of law. His ability was soon acknowl- edged, and he early obtained an extensive business. He was a frequent contributor to the newspapers, and many of his articles on political subjects attracted great attention. In 1845 he married Miss Constance Gardiner, who lived but a few years after her marriage. Not long after her death Mr. Davis left Alexandria. He settled in Baltimore in 1850, where he at once took rank with the leading mem- bers of the bar. In politics he was allied with the Whig BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. party, and took an active part in the Scott campaign of 1852. On the defeat and final extinction of the Whigs, Mr. Davis adopted the principles of the American party. He was elected from the Fourth Congressional District of Maryland to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty- sixth Congresses. In the Hall of Representatives he was soon recognized as one of its ablest debaters. With thorough mastery of the subject under discussion he always commanded the attention of the House by his strictly logi- cal reasoning, his array of facts, his knowledge of Con- stitutional law, the chaste but fervid eloquence of his diction, the strength and melody of his voice, and his hand- some and commanding presence. He supported Mr. Fill- more for the Presidency in 1856, and Mr. Bell in 1860. Mr. Davis strenuously adopted the side of the Union against secession. On the fourth day of the second session of the Thirty-sixth Congress, the famous Committee of Thirty- three was raised, Mr. Davis being the member for Mary- land. He argued in favor of the right of coercion by the General Government of States preparing to secede from the Union. The fall of Fort Sumter finally destroyed all hopes of averting civil war, as the entire nation then arose in arms. On April 15, 1861, President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling a special session of Congress. This necessitating an election in Maryland, Mr. Davis offered himself as a candidate for Congress on the basis of “the unconditional maintenance of the Union.” He labored with great activity in the campaign, but was defeated by Hon. Henry May. Mr. Davis supported Mr. Lincoln’s administration with untiring zeal. In the campaign of 1863 he earnestly advocated “ immediate emancipation by Constitutional means.’’ He was returned to the Thirty- eighth Congress by the Unconditional Union party. He was an acknowledged leader of the House of Representa- tives, and was looked upon as one certain of much higher political distinction than he had already won. At the close of the Thirty-eighth Congress he retired from public life. He died, December 30, 1864, in the forty-eighth year of his age. His funeral was largely attended by members of both Houses of Congress and by cabinet ministers. The Legislatures of several States passed resolutions of regret for his loss, and in the National House of Representatives an oration on his life and character was delivered by Hon. John A. J. Cresswell, of Maryland, February 22, 1866. Mr. Davis married the second time Miss Nancy, daughter of the late John B. Morris, of Baltimore. Beside the public speeches of Mr. Davis he wrote several pamphlets on political subjects, and on matters relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church, of which he was an ardent member. He was distinguished as a man of high resolve and unflinching courage, untiring industry and perseverance, much learn- ing and cultivation, excellence of private character, and striking and brilliant gifts as an orator and statesman. To the publication entitled Baltimore » Past and Present, we are indebted for the main facts embodied in the above sketch. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. en 5D iy INNEY, Rev. WILLIAM, a prominent Minister of Dae the Presbyterian Church, was born near New oe London, Chester County, Pennsylvania, October “TY 10,1788, His father, Judge Walter Finney, a native of the same place, was a Major in the Revolutionary Army. His commission, which is now in the possession of his grandson, Walter Finney, of Churchville, Maryland, bears the date of August 10,1776. He served through the Revolutionary and Indian wars, and was afterward ap- pointed an Associate Judge in Chester County, Pennsyl- vania, which office he held until the time of his death, which occurred in 1820, in the seventy-third year of his age. He married Miss Mary Hara, and had two children, one of whom died in his thirteenth year, and the other is the subject of this sketch. William received a good edu- cation. After passing through the preparatory course in New London, Pennsylvania, and Newark, Delaware, academies, he was sent to Princeton College, New Jersey, where he entered the Sophomore class in 1806, and gradu- ated with distinction in 1809. At an early age he de- termined to enter the ministry of the Presbyterian Church, with which denomination his parents and ancestors for many generations had been connected. Soon after his graduation at Princeton, he commenced the study of theology with the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., Pastor of the Chanceford Presbyterian Church, York, Pennsylvania, under whom he received a thorough theological training. On April 4, 1810, Mr. Finney was taken under the care of the New Castle Presbytery as a candidate for the Gospel ministry. He passed a very satisfactory exami- nation on the subjects assigned him by the Presbytery, and, October 1, 1812, having completed his theological studies, he was licensed to preach. In 1812 he was called for two-thirds of his time, and at a salary of one hundred and fifty dollars per annum, to supply the Deer Creek Church, in Maryland. When called upon to preach his trial sermon before the elders appointed by the Deer Creek Congrega- tion to select a pastor, as was the custom in those days, Mr. Finney wrote a sermon for the occasion, but being displeased with it he threw it into the fire. To his deep regret and embarrassment, he did not have time to write another before the hour appointed, and was therefore com- pelled to rely upon an extemporaneous effort. He suc- ceeded far beyond his expectations, and made such a favorable impression upon the minds of the elders, who were captivated with his eloquence, that he was selected for the charge above named in preference/to-four worthy competitors, who were candidates for the same place. This circumstance led to his first call, and made him a fluent and ° graceful extemporaneous speaker. Mr. Finney’s pastoral relation continued with that congregation until October 4, 1854, nearly forty years, Deer Creek Church was organ- ized in 1738 under the instrumentality of the celebrated Whitfield. It was originally called « Whitfield’s Meet- ing House.’”? It then stood about three miles nearer the 563 creek from which it took its name; and for some reason not known it was removed, before the Revolutionary war, to the village where it now stands. Through Mr. Finney’s influence, the name of the village was changed from “ Herbert’s, or the Cross Roads,’ to ‘ Churchville.” Hence the present name of the church. This change was made about the year 1834, When he entered upon his ministry, Mr. Finney was in very delicate health, but soon became strong and robust, and for forty years was pre- vented but once by sickness from filling his pulpit on the Sabbath day, and although he lived beyond his threescore years and ten, he was comparatively free from the in- firmities of age. He was then the great pioneer of Pres- byterianism in Harford County, Maryland, and known throughout that community. All the old residents of that locality speak of him with great reverence and love, and their children echo the praises which they have caught from their parents’ lips. He was exceedingly pleasant in his manners, full of anecdote, and his conversation abounded with wit and humor. He loved children, and they were fond of him. He encouraged all improvements, did much to advance Harford County in agriculture and the useful arts, and to elevate the tastes and habits of the people, as well as to preach them morality and religion. He ever extended a helping hand to all who were in need, and was liberal in- all his dealings with his fellow-men. He so loved his first charge, that he remained there until the close of his ministry, declining numerous calls to go else- where. After growing old in the service, and having seen the generation to which he had ministered in his youth almost entirely disappear, he closed his ministry, January I, 1854, by delivering a farewell sermon, reviewing the history of the Churchville Church, and tendered his resig- nation, which was accepted with great reluctance, October 4, of the same year, on condition that he should remain a member of the Presbytery and give the church the ‘benefit of his counsels and the inspiration of his presence, as circumstances would permit. He lived about twenty years after this and took part in the services frequently, always preaching with his accustomed ease and fluency. He died, Thursday morning, July 1, 1873, in the eighty- fifth year of his age. His remains were interred near the church, the pulpit of which he had so long filled. His own people, with the help of his friends and admirers throughout the county, have erected to his memory a handsome marble monument, which stands in front of the church. It was unveiled with appropriate ceremonies November 24, 1874. Mr. Finney was twice married. His first wife was Miss Susan Correy, of New London, Penn- sylvania, to whom he was married September 7, 1815. She died at the age of twenty-six, two years after their marriage, leaving an infant son, who survived her but six months. His second wife was Miss Margaret Miller, third daughter of John and Margaret Miller, who came over to this country from Scotland, and settled in Philadelphia. ~ 564 Mr. Miller was an Elder in the Presbyterian Church, and his house was the headquarters of Presbyterian ministers. Mr. Finney’s second marriage took place October 10, 1820. He spent a happy married life of forty-five years, his wife dying, July 21, 1865, in the sixty-fourth year of her age. By this marriage he had one daughter and five sons, all of whom are still living in Harford County, except his third son, William Finney, Jr., who died in California in 1862 in the thirty-sixth year of his age. Mr. Finney always spoke without manuscript or notes, and his sermons were usually prepared in a very short time. His language was figurative and poetical, and his delivery very impressive. He never seemed at a loss for a word to express his thought, and always had the right word for the right place. He was never verbose, but chose words to express his thought as briefly as possible. His remarks at the com- munion table, and at funerals, were always happy and ap- propriate, eloquent and instructive, elevating and com- forting. His addresses on temperance and kindred topics were of a high moral tone, and well calculated to do good. His fugitive pieces in poetry and prose exhibited great readiness with the pen. He always held the atten- tion of his hearers until he ceased speaking. In speaking of him, the editor of the Philadelphia Presbyterian, in the issue of August 9, 1873, said: “ Mr. Finney was a fine scholar, a man of learning and rare accomplishments, ac- quainted with the best English authors and the classical writers; was well read in theology, and all branches of learning required by his profession. His exceeding mod- esty prevented his fine qualities and attainments from being widely known; but those who were admitted to his intimate friendship do not doubt that he was one of the most cultivated men to be found in the Presbyterian min- istry of his day. His ministry was discharged quietly, faithfully, and without the slightest desire for the world’s applause. He preached the Gospel in a most instructive and attractive way, and won many souls to the love and service of Christ.” Gove tom Grorcr W., Lawyer and Editor, was born in Fredericktown, Cecil County, Mary- land, May 11, 1838. His father, Francis B. Cruik- ' shank, was the third son of John Cruikshank, of the same county, who was engaged, during his long life, in agricultural pursuits. The former died in 1877. The family is of Irish extraction. The mother of Mr. Cruik- shank was Mary E., the eldest daughter of Captain James Mitchell, a native of Laurel, Delaware, who for many years owned and controlled a line of packets from Sassa- fras River to Baltimore. She is of English descent. Her son, George W., received his primary education at the district schools, his academic training at Captain Part- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ridge’s military school, and graduated from Delaware Col- lege in 1858. He then entered the law office of Hon. Charles J. M. Gwinn, in Baltimore, where he remained for one year, when he was compelled by ill-health to re- linquish study. Threatened loss of sight subsequently de- barred him from all literary pursuits or pleasures, and he engaged in farming until 1865, when he was able to re- sume his legal studies in the office of Colonel John C. Groome, at Elkton, and was admitted to the Elkton bar in the fall of that year. Unwilling to await the slow rewards of the practice of law, on the same day of his admission he became editor and part proprietor of the Cec?/ Democrat. He was of Whig antecedents, but allied himself with the Democracy, and did yeoman’s service in the struggle which that party made after the war for supremacy in the State. The result of his labors in the exposition of the principles .of his party was manifest in the rapid rise of the paper, which had previously been long in a languishing condi- tion, and in the great increase of Democratic sentiment in Cecil County. Mr. Cruikshank has been ‘counsel for the County Commissioners, and for a short time was a member of the Board of Public School Cemmissioners, these being the only public offices he has held, though he has twice been honored with the unanimous indorsement of his party in the county as a candidate for Congress. As a political writer he is possessed of much ability, and his ease and versatility in other directions add greatly to the popularity of his paper. He is also a ready, forcible, and eloquent speaker. He is the senior member of the law firm of Cruik- shank & West, and is a member of, and vestryman in, the Episcopal Church. He has large landed interests in the county. Mr. Cruikshank has two brothers, one of whom is a merchant in Cecilton, and the other is a clergyman in Rockland County, New York. He was married in 1869, and has now a son and a daughter. Of social tempera- ment and genial and affable manners, he wins many friends, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. We vis PROFEssoR M. A., State Superintendent De of Public Instruction and Principal of the State f Normal School, Baltimore, was born, September i 7, 1824, in Belfast, Ireland. He is the son of John a, Newell, a distinguished educator in Ireland. His mother’s maiden name was Agnes Johnson, daughter of a farmer in comfortable circumstances. Mr. Newell’s edu- cation was primarily received in his father’s school, and so thorough was his training in early life, under the direction of his father, that at the age of fifteen he taught Latin and Greek. His studies were further pursued at the private school of Thomas Blain, who taught in the family of Earl Dufferin, recently succeeded by the Marquis of Lorne as Governor of Canada. He then attended Queen’s College BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. at Belfast, and finally Trinity College, Dublin, from which time-honored institution he graduated in his twenty-second year. During his course of study he taught others, and thus helped to pay for his own tuition. In 1846, shortly after his graduation, he married Miss Susanna Rippard, of Liverpool, England. Her father, George Rippard, and his brother were largely engaged in the shipping business between Liverpool and New York. For two years Pro- fessor Newell taught at the Mechanics’ Institute of Liver- pool, a school similar to that of the Baltimore City College. In 1848 he went to Baltimore on a visit to his relatives, and finding it a desirable city in which to reside, decided to make ithishome. His merits as an educator were soon recognized, and the first position of importance occupied by him was that of Professor of Natural Sciences in Bal- timore City College. The next position tendered him ‘was a Professorship in Madison College, Uniontown, Pennsyl- vania, under the Presidency of Dr. Francis Waters, which he accepted and retained until the resignation of Dr. Waters. He then returned to Baltimore and established a commercial college on Franklin Street, in connection with his brother-in-law, James Rippard, where he remained several years. He next taught for one year in the Public School No. 1, when he went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to teach in the Newell Institute with his cousins, Rev. John Newell, D.D., and Professors James R. and Hugh Newell, with whom he remained until called to Baltimore to take charge of the Normal School as Principal, receiving his appointment from the State Board of Education, Governor Bradford, President, Dr. Van Bokkelen, State Superin- tendent. The school was first opened by Professor Newell in Red Men’s Hall, on Paca Street. After seven years it was removed to the corner of Franklin and Charles streets, where it remained about three years, until the erection and completion of the present elegant and commodious build- ing on Carrollton Avenue and Townsend Street. Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, pronounced it the best-arranged schoolhouse that he had ever seen. Professor Newell suc- ceeded Mr. Van Bokkelen as State Superintendent of Pub- lic Instruction, and has thus united in him both positions. To the efficiency of Professor Newell the excellency of the public school system of Maryland, and the rapid progress of the State Normal School, are very largely due. The Normal School began with about a dozen scholars, and up to the present date thirteen hundred students have entered, and about three hundred have graduated. It is furnishing teachers to the public schools of the State, who will com- pare favorably with those going out from the oldest insti- tutions of the kind in any State in the Union. The school now averages two hundred students in the Normal, and one hundred in the Academic Department. The Maryland School Journal, of which Professor Newell was one of the originators, has been edited by him for the past four years. He is also the author of a series of six Readers, which are extensively used. 72 565 Wie EONARD, Coroner WILLIAM James, Legislator and LG Ex-Comptroller of the State of Maryland, was — born in Worcester County, now Wicomico, in the year 1816. His parents were Joseph and Mary (Dashiell) Leonard. His father was of Ivish Hu- guenot extraction. The first representative of the family who arrived in the Province of Maryland settled in Som- erset County, in 1734, on a tract of land which is still held by one of his descendants. Mr. Leonard’s early educa- tion was obtained at the subscription school in his native county. When he was ten years of age his parents re- moved to Salisbury, where he attended the Academy. He prepared for college under the tuition of Dr. Hugh Mat- thews and David Jones, Esq., and in 1833 entered the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Connecticut. From that institution he was summoned home two years later in consequence of the illness of his father, and never per- mitted to return, though it was an object of earnest desire both with himself and his father that he should there complete the course of study he had so well begun. After some time he prevailed upon his father to allow him to commence the study of law, and entered the office of Hon. Brice Goldsborough, in Cambridge. Here he was per- mitted to remain but six months, being called home again by the increasing illness of his father, and now to give his time and attention to the labors and interests of the farm. His father’s death occurred soon after he entered his twenty-first year. The public life of Mr. Leonard began in 1849, in which year he was elected to the State Legisla- ture on the Whig ticket. His associates from the county were Colonel W. J. Aydelott, James F. Bavard, and the late Judge Franklin. In 1853 he was re-elected on the same ticket. In 1855 he removed from his farm into the town of Salisbury, and commenced business as a mer- chant, becoming largely interested also in grain and lumber. Roused by the approaching storm of war, the Union men of the Eastern Shore of Maryland called a meeting at Snow Hill, Worcester County, February 1, 1861. It was all-important for the interests of their cause that some well-known citizen, holding the thorough re- spect of all parties, and possessing the necessary firmness and courage and acquaintance with parliamentary usages, should preside, and Colonel Leonard was chosen as the presiding officer. Colonel Leonard from that hour threw himself heart and soul into the struggle for the mainte- nance of the national integrity. In September, 1861, Colonel William H. Purnell, Postmaster of Baltimore, was author- ized by Hon. Simon Cameron, then Secretary of War, to raise and organize a military force, which was afterwards known as the “Purnell Legion,” infantry, cavalry and artillery being represented in its ranks. In consequence of the duties of his office in Baltimore, Colonel Purnell re- signed the command of this Legion in February, 1862, and Colonel Leonard was commissioned to take the position. The Legion was in service on the Eastern Shore of Mary- 566 land and at Eastville, Virginia, from whence it removed to Baltimore, and after Banks’s defeat in the Valley of Vir- ginia moved on to Harper’s Ferry, and from thence to Winchester, Front Royal, Warrenton, and Little Wash- ington, Rappahannock County. After the repair of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, the command was de- tailed to guard this road from Catlett’s Station to Culpep- per Court-house, with headquarters at Rappahannock Station. After the battle of Cedar Mountain it was assigned the duty of guarding the supply-train, and on the night of August 22, 1862, Colonel Leonard, being sick with an attack of bilious fever and confined to his room in a house near the station, was captured in Stewart’s cav- alry raid, and cartied to Libby Prison, Richmond. He was exchanged the following October, and in December of that year he resigned the command of the Legion, and returned to his home. But the ardor of his feelings and his earnest interest in the cause never abated. In Jan- uary, 1864, he was-appointed Provost-Marshal of the First District of Maryland, comprising the eight Eastern Shore counties of the State. As a member of the National Con- vention which met in Baltimore in 1864 and renominated Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency, Colonel Leonard was an original Johnson man, believing that his nomina- tion as Vice-President would still the clamor of section- alism then made against the Republican party. After the assassination of President Lincoln, Colonel Leonard sus- tained Johnson’s policy, which brought him into affiliation with the Democratic party of the State, by whom he was nominated and elected State Comptroller in 1866. The State Constitutional Convention of 1867 vacated all offices, and required new elections, when Colonel Leonard was again elected Comptroller by the same party, and filled the office until 1870. He had urged upon the State Con- vention of 1864 the wisdom of organizing a new county from portions of Worcester and Somerset, but the project failed before that body. In 1867, however, he, with others, re- newed their efforts, and secured the formation of the county of Wicomico. He married, in 1838, Elizabeth S., daughter of Ebenezer Leonard. She died in 1872, and he was married again in 1874 to Miss Isabella Staples White, daughter of James White, Esq., of Salisbury, Maryland. By his last marriage he has two children. ON: Hon. SAMUEL GRAHAM, Member of the Qs) Maryland House of Delegates, was born in Au- x gusta, Maine, August 3, 1829, the eldest son of : Nathaniel and Jane (McDevit) ‘Acton. His parents L came to America from Ireland about the year 1828. They removed to Philadelphia in 1844, and his father died in that city in 1859. His mother is still living. Mr. Acton served an apprenticeship in gas-fitting and brass- finishing in Philadelphia, after which he removed to Bal- timore, and was one of the first, outside of the gas com- 1877, leaving him six children. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. panies, to establish that business. He continued in this about four years, removing to Anne Arundel County in 1857, when he established the summer resort at Brooklyn known as the Acton Park House. On the breaking out of the war he went South, and was employed in obtaining ordnance stores outside of the Confederacy. These he was always successful in conveying to their destination, but was several times arrested on his return trips, and was imprisoned nine, three, and five months respectively. He “was released the last time by General Wool just before the close of hostilities. From that time till April, 1877, he continued -his business at Brooklyn. In politics he has always been a Democrat, and for many years has been actively identified with that party in his county. He was Constable and afterwards Deputy Sheriff, which office he has held for over fifteen years. In 1877 he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates for two years. He was married in 1852 to Miss Ann Elizabeth, daughter of Sum- ner Prentiss, of Massachusetts. She died in January, Mr. Acton was brought up in the Episcopal Church. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the George Washington Lodge, and also of the Susquehanna Tribe of the Approved Order of Red Men. , Wa ERRY, Joun B. N., was born in Baltimore, July SAD) 14,1842. His father was John Hezekiah Berry, x a native of Georgetown, D.C. He received his ¥" principal education at Georgetown College, gradu- { ‘ating therefrom in the same class with Mr. John T. Crow, the supervising editor of the Baltimore Sux. His early proclivities were towards the printing art and jour- nalism, and at the age of eighteen years he became con- nected with the Ohio Statesman, Columbus, Ohio, which was then under the management of Colonel, afterwards Governor Medairy. Associated with him on that journal was the poet, Dr. John Lofland, who was well known under his sobriquet of the “ Milford Bard.” After sever- ing his connection with the Ofzo Statesman, Mr. Berry went to Baltimore, where he became engaged on the old Badsi- more Republican, subsequently the Republican and Argus. Leaving the field of journalism, he embarked in the whole- sale grocery business, which he steadily pursued for over six years. He then entered extensively into stock opera- tions, his transactions being mostly in the securities dealt in at the New York Stock Board. He was regarded as one of the boldest operators of his day, making sales or pur- chases on a scale, and with a quickness, activity, and shrewdness of calculation, that gained for him marked dis- tinction in the stock and financial mart. He died in 1864, leaving behind him a bright record for business, prompt- ness, truth, and integrity. His wife was Miss Louisa Y., daughter of Nathaniel West, a planter of Northampton County, Virginia. In the ‘war of 1812 the latter had a BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDTIA. number of vessels seized whilst attempting to run tie British blockade in the Chesapeake Bay. Mr. Berry’s mother, grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was a sister of Commodore Barron, United States Navy, who fought the famous duel with Commodore Stephen De- catur, of the same service, March 22, 1820. The Berrys are of the numerous and respected families of that name in Prince George’s County, Maryland, and are of Eng- lish descent. After attending various private schools up to the age of thirteen years, John B. N. Berry entered Loyola College, in which he pursued his studies for five years, when he engaged as a clerk in the entensive guano and grain exporting house of P. Malcolm & Co., Baltimore. With the above firm, which was succeeded by that of Wil- liam Creighton & Son, young Berry remained three years. On the breaking out of the American civil war, he, like thousands of other young Marylanders whose affinities were with the South, proceeded to join the Confederate service. ‘He went to Norfolk, Virginia, and offered his services as a private in Colonel Lamb’s battalion, then stationed at Sewell’s Point, near the above city. On account of his physical incapacity, attributable to an attack of acute rheu- matism, he was not accepted for military duty. Owing to the extremely critical condition of his health he was compelled to return home, and was sent by Colonel Taze- well Taylor, of the Confederate Army, under flag of truce to Fortress Monroe, which was then under the command of General Benjamin F. Butler, to whom he delivered a large number of unsealed letters from Baltimoreans in and around Norfolk. Upon his return to Baltimore he entered in a clerical capacity the Auditor’s Department of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, where he remained two years, when he was arrested by Provost-Marshal Fish for receiving letters from inside the Confederate lines, and incarcerated in the Gilmor House prison, from whence _ he was ultimately released through the influence and personal intervention of the late Colonel Brantz Mayer. In 1864 (the year of his father’s death) Mr. Berry, then twenty-two years of age, established himself in the gen- eral commission business. In 1869 his warehouse was destroyed by fire; but undaunted by the disaster, he im- mediately proceeded to the erection of a larger and finer one for the conducting of his increasing business, the new structure being among the first warehouses of any magnitude built on Charles Street south of Pratt. Mr. Berry made a specialty of domestic dried fruits and nuts. He was successful in building up a very large trade, ex- tending to the most distant points of the West. He car- ried on the above business for ten years. During this period he became one of the original incorporators of the Potomac Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore, the Presi- dent thereof being Isaac W. Jewett, brother of the Presi- dent of the Erie Railroad. In 1873 he published in the Baltimore Gazette a very able article entitled “The Finan- cial Situation,” in which he logically demonstrated the 567 means whereby specie payment could be safely resumed. The incorporation of the same views as expressed by him in a financial article of the Mew Vork Herald of a subse- quent date, was a high compliment to Mr. Berry’s ability to write on the money question. In 1874, regarding the business outlook rather gloomy, Mr. Berry retired from the commission business. During the latter year he intro- duced the manufacture of a new article in this country, known as the “ Portland”? cement. Notwithstanding the active business life Mr. Berry has led, he has found time to gratify his literary tastes by contributing to the public press numerous articles on financial, commercial, and mis- cellaneous subjects. In 1864 he married Miss Rosalie E., daughter of the late Washington Berry, an extensive planter of Prince George’s County, but who was sub- sequently for several years a resident of the District of Columbia. The latter’s wife was Miss Williams, grand- daughter of General Otho Holland Williams, of the Revo- lutionary Army, who was born in the above county in 1748, and died in 1794. Mr. Berry has six children, three sons and three daughters. His father dying just as the subject of this sketch was merging into manhood, the latter was thus early thrown upon his ownresources. Mr. Berry has always avoided politics, and has never solicited or accepted official station, prefering to devote himself to his private interests, to books and literature, and the happi- ness of his domestic circle, SVAVZERING, Josuua Wenster, M.D., Banker, was g ) born in Frederick County, Maryland, March 8, “a= 1833. Heisthe son of Daniel S. Hering, who $ was a thrifty farmer in that section of the State. His a early educational advantages were such as could be obtained at the public schools in the vicinity, except that for several consecutive years he was under the tuition of a most accomplished teacher of the English branches, with whom he made rapid progress in his studies. After leav- ing school he entered a store in his father’s neighborhood, and remained there until 1851, when he removed to West- minster, Maryland, and continued in the mercantile busi- ness with another firm until April, 1853, when, in accord- ance with a long-cherished desire, he entered upon the study of medicine. He became the office student of Dr. William A. Mathias, of Westminster, and subsequently of Dr. G. W. Miltenberger, of Baltimore, As a student he was assiduous and attentive, taking his degree at the Uni- versity of Maryland, with « most honorable record, in March, 1855. He at once opened an office in Westmin- ster, and rapidly rose to an influential position in his pro- fession. His success was substantial, and in a few years he was in possession of a large and lucrative practice. He was appointed Visiting Physician to the Carroll County Almshouse and Jail, which position he held for seven years. In 1860 he formed a gopartnership with his former 568 preceptor, Dr. Mathias, which continued until the death of his partner in 1864, He then associated with him, Dr. James H. Billingslea, a young man of much promise, who had just graduated. This gentleman having proven him- self a most congenial associate, the partnership with him continued until November, 1867, when from partial failure of health, and apprehension of a more serious decline, he yielded the active practice of his profession. It was then his purpose to remove to Virginia, where he might pass a more quiet life, when in the most unexpected manner the cashiership of the Union National Bank of Westminster, formerly the Bank of Westminster, one of the oldest and most substantial institutions of the kind in the State, was unanimously tendered him. This position he accepted, and occupies at this time (1879). The institution has greatly prospered under his management; having passed through the severest monetary crisis which the country has ever known, maintaining during this trying period its high character for financial soundness and ability. Dr. Hering has always taken a lively interest in matters affecting the general welfare of the community, and has especially de-. voted himself as a matter of public benefit to the establish- ment of the Western Maryland College, at Westminster, being one of the original trustees, and has also served from the beginning as a member of the Executive Committee of the Board, and for ten years has been its Treasurer. The latter position entailed a vast amount of labor and responsi- . bility, inasmuch as the institution during these years passed through financial embarrassments of the gravest character, at the same time performing an educational work which gave to it a position among the first literary institutions of the State. The doctor is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church, and has frequently appeared in its an- nual and general conferences. He was a member of the General Convention which met in the city of Baltimore in May, 1877, and which formed the union between the Northern and Southern sections of that Church. He has never aspired to political position, but has always mani- fested a deep interest in the politics of his county and State, and has uniformly adhered to the principles of the Democratic party. Dr. Hering was married to Miss Margaret Henrietta Trumbo, daughter of Lewis Trumbo, Esq., of Westminster, October 18, 1855, and has four children: Joseph Trumbo, Florence Gertrude, Charles Edgar, and Grace Etta. was born in the city of Baltimore July 16,1824. His ancestors on both sides were among the oldest settlers in the State. In his youth he enjoyed the best educational OX, Rev. SAMUEL K., D.D., Editor of the Baltimore 570 advantages, passing under the care of special tutors through the Yale College course, beside having three years’ instruc- tion in the modern languages. After completing his aca- demic studies, he entered a business house in Baltimore, to acquaint himself thoroughly with bookkeeping and the practical details of business. At the close of six months he commenced his preparation for the ministry at the Windsor Theological Institute, under the care of Rev. Francis Waters, D.D., LL.D. After spending a year in that institution he was unexpectedly called into the active work of the ministry. In March, 1844, he was admitted into the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, and assigned to Talbot Circuit. Subsequently, he was stationed at Wilmington, Delaware, Washington city, and Charleston, South Carolina. At the latter city he was five years in charge of the same church. While there he introduced the penny-post, or letter-carrier system, never before in use in Charleston. He also originated several associations to enable men in moderate circumstances to convert rent into capital, and become their own landlords. When about to leave the city he was presented by a num- ber of the citizens with a handsome silver service. He was then stationed in Georgetown, District of Columbia, and while in the midst of a successful pastorate was called to the charge of Madison College, Pennsylvania. After a prosperous Presidency of several years he removed to Virginia, and established the Lynchburg College, which remained in successful operation until the war in 1861. Shortly before the war he went to Alabama, and took charge of the Loundesboro Female College, which main- tained its prosperity all through the war. At the close of the war he removed to Montgomery, Alabama, where he established the Montgomery Female College, and continued in charge of it, and a part of the time of a church in the city, until his health failed. In 1870 he went to Christian- burg, a town on the summit of the Alleghany Mountains, Virginia. He there purchased a fine college property, and re-established a female school which had about died out. It took at once a high position among the best institutions of the State, and has maintained it ever since. In 1875 he was called to the charge of St. Paul’s Methodist Epis- copal Church South, Baltimore. In April, 1876, he took the editorship of the Baltimore Episcopal Methodist, one of the leading religious journals of the South, and is still conducting it. oat 09 kKWeSYWARD, Dr. WILLIAM R., Commissioner of the ) Wy ° Land Office of Maryland, was born in Dorchester te County, Maryland, December 8, 1817, son of "==" Thomas and Margarette (Savage) Hayward. His p> mother was a daughter of Dr. William Savage, of Somerset. His father was also a native of the State. The first Hayward came to Maryland about the year 1660, under a grant of Lord Baltimore of a manor on the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Eastern Shore. Dr. Hayward graduated at St. John’s College, Annapolis, in 1836, taking the degrees of B.A. and A.M. He then read medicine with Dr. Alexander H. Bayley, at Cambridge, Maryland, and graduated M.D. at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1838. In 1839 he removed to Tallahassee, Florida, and practiced medicine there till 1848, in which year he was elected State Treasurer of Florida, and in this office served three terms of two years each. During that time he was also Mayor of the city of Tallahassee for two terms. In 1855 his health gave way, and he returned to his native State In 1855 he was appointed by President Buchanan Chief Clerk of the Lighthouse Board at Washington; Raphael Semmes, afterwards Admiral of the Confederate Navy, being at that time President of the Board. Dr. Hayward resigned his office in 1861, and returned to Cambridge, where he remained until appointed by Governor Bowie to the office he now holds, for the unexpired term of J. L. L. Davis. In 1872 he was reappointed by Governor Whyte, and by Governor Carroll in 1876. The responsible duties of this office he has discharged with conscientious ability and fidelity. Dr. Hayward is a gentleman of fine attain- ments and courtly address. He is a member of the Epis- copa] Church. He was married in 1839 to Eliza, daughter of William W. Eccleston, for many years Register of Wills for Dorchester County. He has three children: Charles E., present State’s Attorney for Dorchester County; Delia, wife of Hon. Clement Sulivane, Senator from the same county; and R. Emmett Hayward. we ELSO, Tuomas, Esq., of Baltimore, Maryland, was Be born, August 28, 1784, in Clonis, a market town in the North of Ireland, and died at his residence a on East Baltimore Street, where he had lived for many years, on the morning of July 26, 1878, having nearly completed his ninety-fourth year. His parents died when he was but a child, leaving three sons and a daughter older than Thomas, and Thomas was therefore forced to enter upon the struggle of life at a very early age. From his infancy he had been surrounded by religious influences. It was a memorable fact in his family history, that when John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, first visited Ireland he preached in Mr. Kelso’s father’s - house in Clonis. Mr. Kelso dated his remarkable success in after life to his strict adherence to the precepts in which he was taught in early childhood. His brother John came to the United States and took up his residence near Balti- more about the time of Thomas’s birth. Seven years later another brother, George, came to Baltimore, bringing Thomas with him. They landed in that city August 2, 1791, without a dollar. It was the place of his residence to the hour of his decease. On their arrival they learned that John was teaching school at a distant point in Balti- more County ; thither they wended their way on foot. At BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA., the first meeting John made known the fact that he was the possessor of one hundred dollars. A partnership between him and George was immediately agreed upon, with this money as the entire capital; a purchase of stock was made, and the butchering business was begun. Thomas preferred to work with his brothers rather than accept a position where he might qualify himself for mer- cantile pursuits. tation for strict integrity and for a very noticeable regard of the Sabbath, which was somewhat uncommon among the butchers of that period. They never slaughtered cattle on Sunday, although all around them the practice was very general. Drovers began to have implicit confi- dence in them, and thus they always had the pick of the stock. Their generosity began to show itself in their busi- ness, and in the Lexington, then known as the Hill Market, and in Centre Market, it was a common saying among the butchers that the Kelsos gave away more meat than the other butchers sold. The increase of their trade was enormous, and the profits correspondingly large. George retired from the business in 1807, and died soon after, leaving a fortune of one hundred thousand dollars, accu- mulated by honest transactions in business in about fifteen years, beginning with the small capital above named. As he never married, he left twenty-five hundred dollars of this sum to Thomas, and the balance to John and the Church, John and Thomas then entered into partnership, condicting their business with great success, and becoming very wealthy. John early retired to Clover Hill, near Baltimore, where he lived for thirty years. Thomas con- tinued the business, attending his stalls in Centre and Bel Air markets after he counted his wealth by more than a hundred thousand dollars. At and about this period, when he was the most extensive buyer of live stock brought to the Baltimore market, such was his well-known integrity in Maryland and Virginia that his check passed as freely in business transactions as bank bills. Attention to business, and a sagacity possessed by few, enabled him to accumulate a large fortune before retiring. Mr. Kelso’s capacity for business caused him to become an active and leading agent in the prosecution of various enterprises conducive to the commercial growth of Baltimore. He was principal Director and the largest Stockholder in the Baltimore Steam Packet Company and the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad Company. For thirty-seven years he was a Director in the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- more Railroad Company. He was President of the Equitable Fire Insurance Company, and Vice-President and Director in the First National Bank of Baltimore. He was also President of the Board of Directors of the Male Free School and Colored Institute. For several terms he was a member of the City Council when there was no salary attached to the position. The connection of Mr. Kelso with the Methodist Episcopal Church in Balti- more was more prominent, perhaps, in many ways than The Kelso brothers soon earned a repu-. 571 that of any other layman in the city. The year of his birth, 1784, was the year of the first organization of that Church in Baltimore, at the old Lovely Lane Meeting- house; so that his birth was contemporaneous with Balti- more Methodism. Although from his earliest childhood governed by religious principles, and punctual in his at- tendance upon religious services, he did not formally unite with the Church until his twenty-third year. He then became connected with the old City Station, which afterwards embraced Light Street, Exeter Street, and Eutaw Street churches. He lived at that time in the neighborhood of the Exeter Street Church, of which he was an official member and class-leader for many years. He subsequently joined the High Street Church, and a few years before his death he transferred his membership to Mount Vernon Church, having contributed largely to its erection. As illustrative of his prominence as a layman, an incident is told of Mr. De Haas, an intimate acquaint- ance of Mr. Kelso, who was at the time United States Consul at Jerusalem. On the ninetieth anniversary of Mr. Kelso’s birthday, Mr. De Haas unfurled the stars and stripes from the consulate station. The Governor of Jeru- salem inquired of Mr. De Haas the cause of the flag being displayed. He was told that it was in honor of Mr. Thomas Kelso, the most distinguished layman on the American continent. The Governor expressed himself pleased, and ordered his own flag unfurled from the guber- natorial mansion. The Kelso Home for Orphan Children of the Methodist Episcopal Church, nearly opposite his late residence, which he purchased and endowed at a cost of one hundred and twenty thousand dollars, was the only charity he ever individually established, but the recipients of his benevolence are numbered by thousands. It was a principle with him-to give during his lifetime rather than postpone charity to a last will and testament. For many years, while a Director of the Franklin Bank, he devoted himself to discounting the notes of men in moderate cir- cumstances. His business education, though entirely self- attained, was very complete. His investments were usually in corporations which were just starting, and which he considered would advance the public interest. In almost every instance they have paid large dividends. He was one of the defenders of Baltimore in 1814 at the North Point battle, and among those who guarded the breastworks on Laudenslager’s Hill, but was not a member of the Old Defenders’ Association. In 1807 he married Miss Ellen Cross, daughter of John and Jane Cross, well- known and highly respected citizens of Cecil County, Maryland. This lady was a Presbyterian, and a member of the church of which the distinguished Dr. .Brecken- ridge was for some years pastor. She died in 1862. During the lifetime of Mrs. Kelso, Mr. Kelso’s hospitality was remarkable. Once a week ministerial levees were held at his home, in which the clergy of different denomi- nations met and enjoyed social intercourse, and which 572 contributed much to the fraternity that marked with honor the days when men of renown filled the pulpits of Balti- more. But in his home, which entertained more Presby- terian and Methodist ministers than any other home in the city, famed for hospitality, no wine, brandy, or champagne ever disgraced the table or sideboard. When his adopted country was threatened with dissolution by civil war, he loyally and vehemently stood by the flag. In addition to his liberality otherwise bestowed, Mr. Kelso was liberal in his gifts to the denomination of which he was a member. He gave fourteen thousand dollars to the Metropolitan Methodist Episcopal Church at Washington, twelve thou- sand to the Church Extension Society, besides numerous bequests to charitable institutions, among which are the following: to the Kelso Home, or Orphan Asylum, in addition to the property occupied by it, annuities aggregat- ing five thousand dollars per annum; to the Methodist Episcopal Preachers’ Aid Society of the Baltimore Confer- ence, ten thousand dollars; to Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, ten thousand dollars; to the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, two thousand five hundred dollars; to the Home for the Aged of the same Church, two thousand dollars; to the Centenary Biblical Institute, one thousand five hundred dollars; to William E. Hooper, for the poor of High Street Methodist Episcopal Church, one thousand dollars; to the Maryland State Temperance Alliance, three thousand dollars; and to the Maryland Bible Society and the Boys’ Home, each, one thousand dollars. (, OORE, JosrpH T., Master of ‘Maryland State Os Grange Patrons of Husbandry, and a prominent agriculturist of Sandy Spring, Montgomery ee County, Maryland, was born in Baltimore, Sep- tember 19, 1835. His great-grandfather, Robert Moore, came from Ireland about the year 1760, and set- tled in Talbot County, Maryland. His son, William W., was at first a merchant of Easton, and afterwards moved to Baltimore, where he resided near the site of the Maryland Institute. was a native of Easton. He lived in Baltimore for sev- eral years; but has been the efficient and popular Secretary and Treasurer of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Montgomery County, Maryland, since its organization, and is extensively known through the State; Edward Sta- bler being the President. The mother of Joseph T. Moore was Hadassah, daughter of Joseph Townsend, one of the founders, in 1794, of the Equitable Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore, and its President until his death. His son, Richard H. Townsend, has been for fifty-two years Secretary of the Union Manufacturing Company of Maryland, char- tered in 1808, whose mills are located near Ellicott City. The ancestors of the Townsend family came from Berk- shire, England, first settling in Chester County, Pennsyl- vania, and in 1783 removing to Baltimore. Joseph T.is the Robert R., father of the subject of our sketch, | BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. eldest of five children, his brothers being William W., who married Mary E. Thomas, of Montgomery County; Archi- bald Dobbin, who married Miss Faucett, of Alexandria, Virginia ; J. W., who died in early life; and a sister, Hettie. His brothers are agriculturists. The primary education of Mr. Moore was received ‘in the district school at Sandy Springs, Maryland. He afterwards pursued a two years’ course at a boarding school in Westtown, Pennsylvania. Part of his early youth was spent on a farm. Leaving school about the age of sixteen years, his first experience in business life was in Philadelphia, with the drygoods house of George D. Parrish, where he remained as salesman for five years. In early manhood he married Miss Annie F. Leggett, of New York city. From Philadelphia he re- moved to New York, and in 1857 established the firm of Joseph T. Moore & Co., in the manufacture and importa- tion of paper stock, with emery and sand papers, for a period of twelve years meeting with great success. His partner was S. T. Foote, a relative of the late Commodore Foote, of the United States Navy. In 1867, on account of impaired health, he relinquished his business in that city, and returned to Montgomery County, Maryland, where he purchased the fine estate formerly owned by Ex-Governor Philip E. Thomas, who had resided there during the war of 1812. The old mansion built in 1770 still remains, al- though greatly improved. This was the beginning of his successful career as a farmer. His large farm of about three hundred acres is one of the most productive in the State, and is valued at thirty thousand dollars. His main crop is that of wheat, of which his last crop yielded about thirty bushels to the acre. In 1873 Mr. Moore was elected Master of the State Grange Patrons of Husbandry. His wife holds the position of Ceres, or patroness of grain, in the same Order. This organization was projected in Wash- ington, District of Columbia, after the war, rapidly spread- ing, first through the South and West, and numbering its members by tens of thousands all over the country. There are about eight thousand members in Maryland, having one hundred and seventy-one granges. The object of the organization is the advancement of the agricultural interests of the State. This organization has enrolled among its members some of the most eminent men in the State. The gentlemen who compose the Executive Committee are ex- tensively known for their wisdom and ‘sound business qualifications, and are able representatives of the agricul- tural interests of Maryland. The office held by Mr. Moore is the only one he would accept of any nature. He is a gentleman of fine abilities. Offers of political prefer- ment he has invariably declined. His religious faith is that of the Friends, to which his family belongs. He has been connected with the Masonic fraternity for more than seven years, and is a member of “ Door to Virtue Lodge, No. 46.” His children are Mary L., Thomas L., Joseph T., Jr., Frederick P., George H., and Margaret C. Elizabeth D. deceased. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDTIA. PE vesscc: Hon. Frank Tuomas, Teacher and IN Legislator, son of Thomas and Mary Ann (Painter) Newbelle, was born in the city of Baltimore April ' 1, 1852. His parents were natives of Maryland. When Mr. Newbelle was eleven years of age his father died, and he was early thrown upon his own re- sources. He soon saved money enough from his own earnings to enable him to attend the High School, and to pursue his studies for one year at Reisterstown Academy, in Baltimore County. He commenced teaching in De- cember, 1870, and has been so engaged in Baltimore County ever since. Although devoting himself closely to his profession, he has occasionally taken an active part in politics. He was elected to the House of Delegates on the Democratic ticket in the year 1877, and served on sev- eral impcrtant committees. He introduced the bill, which was passed, authorizing the corporation of Manchester to subscribe for the Baltimore and Hanover Railroad, and opposed the bill in favor of instructing the Representatives in Congress to pass the Resumption Act, and also what is known as the Bland Silver Bill. Mr. Newbelle was mar- ried in 1873 to Miss Margaret A. Davidson, daughter of Captain John and Penelope Davidson, of Carroll County, Maryland. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is » member and Past Master of the Inde- pendent Order of Mechanics. 5) gomery County, Pennsylvania, February 10, 1823. fi His father was Thomas W. Burtt, a native of co London, England, who came to America in early life, settled in Baltimore, and married Miss Esther Spear, a daughter of Henry Spear, of Kent County, Mary- land. Mr. Burtt, Sr., subsequently located in Montgom- ery County, Pennsylvania. During the early childhood of the subject of our sketch his parents removed to Philadel- phia, where he was educated. At the age of eighteen years he entered the book establishment of the Rev. Dr. Hooker, an eminent author and divine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, where he acquired a thorough knowl- edge of the book business. In 1848 he settled in Balti- more, where he established himself in the book business on his individual account, which he prosecuted success- fully until 1857, when he sold out his establishment and retired from active business. In 1863 he, in connection with other prominent gentlemen, became largely engaged in coal mining operations in West Virginia, continuing in the same until 1868. At the same time he was a heavy oper- ator in public and private securities in the Baltimore market and on Wall Street, New York. He has occupied _ Various positions of honor and trust, among which may be mentioned that of Director in the Maryland Penitentiary ; Director, on the part of the city, in the Western Maryland Railroad, as also in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ; 73 Be Hon. ALFRED PATTERSON, was born in Mont- a, 573 Delegate from Baltimore city to the Commercial Conven- tion held in Louisville, Kentucky. He was a member of the Legislature of Maryland during the session of 1878, and rendered efficient services as a member of the Commit- tee of Ways and Means. He was the originator of the bill to punish officers of corporations for misrepresentations of their financial condition, and of the bill to punish par- ties for the rehypothecation of securities; as also the bill to punish captains of vessels for fraudulently selling car- goes, or for neglecting or refusing to pay over proceeds of sales to owners. Mr. Burt has been for many years a prominent Odd Fellow and Mason. For several years he was a vestryman in St Andrew’s Protestant Episcopal Church. He married, in 1848, Miss Christiana Shaw, daughter of Thomas Shaw, a prominent citizen of Phila- delphia. She died in 1851. In 1855 he married Miss Lizzie Dawes, of Baltimore, who died in 1859. In 1861 he married Miss Mary E. Ellis, sister of Alexander B. Ellis, and half-sister to Thomas Ellis, John, James A., and Gustavus R. Henderson, who were among Baltimore’s most extensive and successful merchants. Mr. Burt has five children living, three sons and two daughters. He is a gentleman of quick perception and varied knowledge, and has always enjoyed, in the highest degree, the esteem and confidence of his fellow-citizens of all classes. was born at Cambridge, Dorchester County, Mary- and shipping business in Cambridge. He died when years of age. James being bound to a farmer and becom- to Baltimore. Shortly afterward he went to Port Deposit, mained with him and in his family about two years. He then began business on his own account, and was gradu- prosecution of this business he gradually increased his pur- urbs. Inalmost every case he owns the land the buildings Bronmel went to California for the purpose of making it a RONMEL, James, Real Estate Dealer, Baltimore, JA) A land, May 7, 1822. His father, William Bronmel, was for a number of years engaged in the mercantile James was about five years of age. His mother, a woman of great force of character, died when he was about ten ing tired of the monotony of his mode of life, in 1836, when about fourteen, secreted himself in a vessel and went and there became acquainted with Mr. Daniel White, who was largely engaged in the lumber and flour trade. He re- then became apprenticed to Lester & Shipley, carpenters and builders, with whom he continued four years. He ally led into what became the business of his life, namely, the buying of real estate and building houses. In the chases in real estate until now he owns a large number of houses both in the business parts of the city and in its sub- occupy. He is also the owner of much unimproved land in the city and the belt which surrounds it. In 1850 Mr. his future home; but being ill when he reached that State he found himself compelled to return. Part of the journey 574 home was on board the ill-fated steamship Ohio, which was wrecked off the coast of Virginia, near Norfolk. He had for fellow-passengers the commissioners who had been sent by Virginia and Maryland to investigate the cele- brated McDonogh will. After much suffering the passen- gers were landed at Norfolk, without loss of life. Return- ing to Baltimore and regaining his health, Mr. Bronmel resumed his business. He now takes rank among the prominent real estate owners in Baltimore. In 1842 he married Louisa M., daughter of Thomas Willis, of Balti- more. He has seven children living. MITH, Rev. JEREMIAH P., Pastor of the Fifth Church D of the United Brethren, George Street, Baltimore, ; was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Feb- ; ruary 26, 1826. His parents, Conrad and Susan (Ensminger) Smith, had a family of five sons, of whom he was the second. His father, a farmer of large means and greatly respected, died February 7, 1879, at the age of ninety. Both his paternal and maternal grand- fathers served in the Revolutionary war, one as a Lieu- tenant and the other as a Captain. The latter, a surveyor by profession and a great mathematical genius, constructed an accurate model of the planetary system, and always made his own almanacs. In this he was entirely unaided by authors, and depended solely on his own observation and study. The ancestors of Mr. Smith on both sides were from Germany, and among the earliest settlers of Pennsyl- vania. He received a good common-school education, and at the age of twenty, having a natural taste for me- chanics, decided to become a machinist. In this he ac- quired skill and proficiency so rapidly that, after an ap- prenticeship of one year, he was thoroughly qualified to undertake the business on his own account, and at once established himself as a manufacturer of agricultural im- plements, in which he contiuned prosperously till the year 1860. During that time he took out twenty-one patents, and never failed in an application. His inventions always contained something novel, and were mostly in connection with agricultural implements and machinery. Some of them brought him considerable money, and many of them are still in extensive use. In 1849 he joined the Church of the United Brethren, and from the time of his conver- sion took an active part in religious matters. For many years he was a class-leader, and in 1855 was licensed as an exhorter. He filled the duties of a local preacher till 1860, when he gave up his business, and was licensed as a preacher by the Annual Conference in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, receiving charge of the High Spire Station, in Dauphin County, where he remained four years. There his labors were attended with great success, about three hundred being added to the church. He next had the care of Hummelstown Circuit, in which he travelled four years, and had many conversions. Following this he preached BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. at Anville Station one year, the church enjoying an exten- sive revival, when his health failed entirely from his ex- cessive labors, and he discontinued preaching for two He there originated a camp-meeting, which has become a permanent institution. In 1870 Mr. Smith was appointed to Schuylkill Haven Station, and remained four years, during which time the church debt was paid, the building remodelled, and a parsonage fund commenced. He worked hard, had three revivals, and many additions to his church. At the end of this time, needing rest, he was one year without charge, but preached seventy or eighty times. In 1875 he was appointed to York, Penn- sylvania, where for the next four years he enjoyed a most remarkable pastorate, his membership being doubled during the first year. The whole number added before he left was two hundred and fifty, over three hundred having been converted. For six months and two weeks he preached every night, and during the whole four years was employed every evening in his duties as a Christian pastor and teacher.. Of these evenings fourteen hundred were de- voted to the needs of his own church, and the remaining years. sixty he was engaged at quarterly meetings, camp-meet- ings, or in other religious work. He baptized two hun- dred and forty persons, married fifty-four couples, and ex- erted a great influence, not only among the older members, but particularly over the young people, by whom he was especially beloved. In the winter of 1879 Mr. Smith came to Baltimore and assumed his present charge, the field being one of great promise. Mr. Smith preaches without notes, is fluent, eloquent, and able, enchaining the atten- tion of his hearers and deeply moving the heart. He was married in 1846 to Miss Leah Stoner. They had but one child, Conrad William, who died in August, 1853, at the age of three years and seventeen days. on A Ws (LTENBERGER, PRoressor Grorce W., M.D., aN was born in the city of Baltimore, March 17, Koy 1819. On both sides he is descended from old ae and highly respectable families, who have made Baltimore their home and been identified with its history ever Since the last century. On the mother’s side he is descended from the Warners, while his father, the late General Anthony F. W. Miltenberger, who died in October, 1869, at the venerable age of eighty years, was from his youth a prominent and active citizen. General Miltenberger held a commission in the war of 1812, and continued to occupy during his long and useful life various positions of public trust and honor, until the infirmities of advancing age compelled him to relinquish all such employments. He was a man of great sagacity, quick perceptions, sound judgment, generous impulses, and remarkable force and determination of character. Strictly honorable in all the relations of life, and of un- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. blemished integrity, he commanded the respect and con- fidence of the community, and always wielded extensive personal influence. Professor Miltenberger received his primary education in the Boisseau Academy, a famous school in those days in Baltimore city, at that time under the charge of Dr. Stephen Roszel and brother. Here he was distinguished for his studious and industrious habits, and for several years in succession carried off the highest prizes of the school. He afterwards went to the Univer- sity of Virginia, where he remained during the session of 1835-6, and in the fall of the latter year commenced his medical studies in Baltimore, which he continued to pros- ecute until the spring of 1840, purposely delaying gradu- ation for one year that he might enjoy the clinical ad- vantages attached to the position of resident student in the Baltimore Infirmary, a position only open to under- graduates. As Senior Student he performed during this year, all the duties in the Infirmary which now devolve upon the House Physician. In March, 1840, he graduated, and during his absence in the following summer, without previous solicitation on his part, he was elected by the Faculty of the University of Maryland Demonstrator of Anatomy, which place he continued to fill until 1852. He at once devoted himself with ardor and assiduity to the duties of his new position, seldom spending less than three hours, a day with the class in the anatomical room in personal instruction. His class consequently became a very large one, although at his express desire his ticket was not made obligatory upon the students except for the single session required by the statutes. Such was his popularity, however, as an instructor that second and third year students were always to be found in attendance upon his course. What contributed to render his demonstrations more attractive and useful, was the habit which Dr. Mil- tenberger early adopted of inducing the class to refer to him upon such occasions for explanations and information in regard to any doubts or difficulties which they had encountered in the course of their reading. When his private practice had increased to that degree that he could no longer devote himself to instruction in the daytime, he continued to give the same number of hours to his duties at the anatomical rooms at night. During these years he always had in addition a large private class of office students, to whom he devoted from two to three hours thrice a week, not infrequently prolonging his in- structions, which were given partly in a didactic and partly in a conversational manner, until Jong after mid-_ night. In this portion of his career as a teacher Dr. Miltenberger seems to have taken great satisfaction, espe- cially enjoying the close personal relations with his class, and the consequent fulness and thoroughness of the means and opportunities of teaching thus afforded. He kept up his private classes until 1858, when the increasing demands of his practice compelled him to discontinue them. A short time after his appointment as Demonstrator of + 575 Anatomy, Dr. Miltenberger, by permission of the Faculty, commenced a course of lectures on surgical anatomy, which he continued until 1847. He had previously, during the first session after his appointment, upon the occasion of the death of his esteemed friend and preceptor, Dr. William Baker, who was then Professor of Anatomy, at the request of the Faculty, delivered the lecture required to complete the unfinished anatomical course of the term. In 1847 the Faculty of the University placed under Dr. Milten- berger’s charge the surgical wards of the Infirmary, attend- ance upon which had hitherto been exclusively restricted to their own body. In 1847, a new lectureship on Patho- logical Anatomy being established, Dr. Miltenberger was elected to its duties, still retaining at the same time his position as Demonstrator. Partly for the purpose of this lectureship, in 1849-50 he became one of the attending physicians at the Baltimore City and County Almshouse, . Thus at one time he had partial charge of two large hospitals, performed the duties of Demonstrator at the University, lectured on Pathological Anatomy, attended to his class of office-students, besides meeting the onerous and exacting demands of a large and increasing practice, Up to this time he had-devoted himself chiefly to surgery, but he now began to turn his attention to general practice, but more particularly to obstetrics. In 1852, when the late lamented Professor Chew was transferred to the chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Maryland, Dr. Miltenberger was elected to succeed him in the vacant chair of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Pathology, This department he continued to occupy until 1858, when he was elected Professor.of Obstetrics, which chair, after the lapse of twelve years, he still retains. In 1855 the further honor was conferred upon him of being chosen Dean of the Medical Faculty, and soon after Treasurer of the Faculty and Infirmary. These offices he held until within a few years, when his constantly increas- ing private practice rendered it necessary that he should decline a re-election to either position. With the excep- tion of the duties of his chair he has been compelled to devote himself exclusively to his practice, which has grown to such extent as to demand every moment of his time, As a physician it need hardly be said that Dr. Milten- berger is held in the very highest estimation. The record of his life is filled with evidences of the regard in which he is held by his professional brethren. The thousands of students who have profited by his instructions, his coun- sels, and example, during his connection with the Univer- sity of Maryland, will ever remember him with sentiments of gratitude and affection. He has devoted his life to his profession, and has been deservedly crowned with its choicest rewards. To attain the success which he has reached, he has never resorted to extraneous means or in- fluences, or any of the arts by which popularity is. some- times purchased at the expense of science and truth. He has risen simply by the same means which would have en- 576 abled any other person to have risen to his place, and without which no man in any of the professions, but es- pecially in that of medicine, can hope to achieve perma- nent distinction. In his lectures, which are delivered without notes and are entirely extemporaneous, Dr. Mil- tenberger aims to be clear, precise, and practical, and rather to adapt his instructions to the needs and comprehension of his hearers than to make any personal or oratorical display. Dr. Miltenberger married, May 1, 1850, Miss S. E. Williams, daughter of N. Williams, formerly of Mobile, now of Baltimore.— Baltimore, Past and Present. OOD a) HLER, PuHILip REEsE, President of the Maryland ( Academy of Sciences, was born in Baltimore, June 3, 1835. He is the eldest son of George at Washington Uhler and Anna Maria Uhler, #ée Reese. His father was the youngest son of Philip Uhler, a saddler by trade, but who became a commission merchant and grocer. Philip Uhler removed to Baltimore from York County, Pennsylvania, a few years previous to the war of 1812. He was with the American troops which met the British at North Point, but not with the advance column | which engaged in the battle. He married Mary Botner and had several children, all but three of whom died in childhood or youth. The only daughter who reached ma- turity was Sophia Uhler, who became the wife of the late James Harvey, of Baltimore. The Botner family was one of prominence and wealth in Philadelphia, New York, and Canada. Among this family were the Edwards, Muhlen- bergs, Alcocks, and other branches, who were closely con- nected with the aristocracy and nobility of England. Some of them were enthusiastic Tories, while the nearer ancestors of the younger branch of the family were ardent patriots, who risked life and property in their devotion to the cause of American liberty. A large part of what is now West Philadelphia was a part of the large estate of the older branch of the family. Philip Uhler was a man of strong moral character and deep patriotism, who constantly held up to his children and grandchildren their duties to their country, their fellow-men, and, above all, to their God. He was one of the founders of the first English Lutheran Church in Baltimore, and continued to be one of its officers until he had reached the age of fourscore years. He served a term in the Baltimore City Council, and always used his influence in the cause of popular education. His wife lost her life in middle age by being run over by a freight car with which some mischievous boys were playing, on Howard Street, near Lexington Street, Baltimore. She was a woman of rare excellence of character and a devoted friend to the poor. George W. Uhler was educated at the school of Joseph Lancaster, a popular teacher of his day. After completing his education he was apprenticed to Jacob Rogers, a hatter, with whom he served his term, winning the esteem of his employer and becoming thoroughly BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. skilled in his trade. He soon afterward commenced busi- ness for himself; but not being satisfied with the small in- come he derived from his business, he united with his friends, James and Joshua Harvey, in the drygoods busi- ness, and was thus enabled to place himself in a more in- dependent position. He finally withdrew from that firm, and entered into business on his own account on Franklin Street, Baltimore, where he carried on a flourishing business. He originated the first ‘one price” establishment ever known in Baltimore. He was a man of the strictest busi- ness integrity, and an earnest Christian gentleman, beloved and esteemed by all who knew him, and deeply lamented by the poor, who bore testimony to his benevolence. The maternal yrandparents of P. R. Uhler were Captain John Reese and Mary Resse, zée Zacharias, both of whom were highly respected on account of their superior moral worth. Captain Reese was in the engagement at North Point, where he received a painful wound in the thigh, which un- fitted him for military duty, and which at intervals caused him great pain during his long life. He was one of the com- mittee appointed to entertain General Lafayette on the oc- casion of his second visit to the United States, and was one of the originators of the system of public schools of Balti- more. Both he and his wife lived to a ripe old age, and endeared themselves to a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances. Philip Reese Uhler, the subject of this sketch, was carefully trained by a pious mother, who amid the pressing cares of a large household, found time to teach her children the rudiments of knowledge, and to imbue them with the principles of honor and virtue. The instruc- tion in the elementary branches received by Mr. Uhler from his mother enabled him, in his eighth year, to enter the private school of Mr. C. E. Wetmore, from which he was in due time transferred to the Latin school of Daniel Jones, where he received the remainder of his school edu- cation, At the expiration of three years he was placed by his father as a salesman in his drygoods store. Being very fond of nature, he devoted nearly all his spare time to amassing «a collection of insects, shells, and minerals. Before attaining his sixteenth year he became acquainted with a German entomologist, Mr. J. P. Wild, who then carried on a candy manufactory on Franklin Street, Balti- more. By his assistance he became thoroughly trained in the methods of observing, collecting, and preserving these objects, and in a short time had secured a fine entomologi- cal collection. About this time he was introduced to the Rey. Dr. John G. Morris, who took great interest in his studies, and through whose counsel, encouragement, and aid he was made familiar with the best books upon the subject, and stimulated to still greater effort. Dr. Morris was in close relationship with the chief entomologists of this country and Europe. By his zeal in such pursuits he ob- tained a large collection of the Coleoptera of all the world, and to this his young friends had frequent access. By such means Mr. Uhler made steady progress in his studies, and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. soon became familiar with all the known forms of beetles of the United States. He was not satisfied to be merely acquainted with their names, but labored assiduously to ascertain the reason of their strange structure; why it was that certain forms could only be obtained in restricted localities, and why under ascertained conditions of tem- perature and surroundings particular characteristics of form and color presented themselves in the species. Gradu- ally, as the range of his knowledge and powers increased, he ventured to write down his experiences and to commu- nicate them to others. Encouraged by his new friend, Dr. John L. Leconte, of Philadelphia, he described some new species of beetles, and sent the paper to the Academy of Natural Sciences of that city, which was accepted and pub- lished in the Proceedings of that society the same year, 1855. In 1863, through the courtesy of Dr. Leconte, his name was mentioned to Professor Agassiz, who was then actively interested in securing young men as assistants in enlarging the various Departments of his Museum of Com- parative Zoology at Harvard University. The place of assistant in charge of the entomological division was offered to Mr. Uhler, who accepted it, and removing to Cambridge soon afterward entered upon his new duties, which relation he sustained for about three years. The collection grew rapidly inextent; large numbers of forms were arranged and made accessible to students, and this department received its fair share of attention. Professor Agassiz became Mr. Uhler’s kind, appreciative friend, and aided him in many ways. In 1864 it was decided to send some one to Hayti to make collections for the museum. Mr. Uhler was selected for that purpose. He spent sev- eral months in that island, made large collections in va- rious branches of zoology, and returned home a short time after Professor Agassiz had started on his trip to Brazil. After the return of Professor Agassiz, he urged Mr. Uhler to turn his attention to that great country, and offered to send him there to supplement a part of his own explora- tions, which Mr. Uhler declined to do, feeling that the material already brought together sufficient to demand his whole energy for years to come. In 1866 it became ap- parent that the health of Professor Agassiz was greatly im- paired by overwork, and it was feared that his life would not long be spared. Mr. Uhler’s old place in the library of the Peabody Institute of Baltimore was open to him, which he re-accepted, believing that he could make him- self more useful in that position. His stay at Harvard Uni- versity had enabled him to become familiar with the latest and most approved methods of library economy, and thus fitted him to take a more advanced position in the profes- sion. Since that time, through the courtesy of the Peabody Trustees, he has been granted time to make explorations in Colorado, in connection with Prof. Hayden’s expedi- tion, the results of which have been published in the bulletins and reports of the surveys. His numerous papers have been printed in the scientific journals of this 577 country and Canada, and he has contributed to magazines and newspapers popular articles on geology and natural history. An extensive foreign correspondence with naturalists in almost all parts of the world has brought him in contact with their latest views and most matured investigations, and has thus enabled him to profit by a wider experience than would otherwise fall to the lot of a single individual. He has been honored with membership in most of the scientific societies of the United States and Canada, such as the Society of Natural History, the Phila- delphia Academy of Natural Sciences, and other similar organizations. He is a Fellow of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science; an Honorary Mem- ber of the Entomological Society, and an Associate in the Johns Hopkins University ; besides being Librarian in the Peabody Institute. As a Collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution in 1860, he translated an extensive Latin work upon the Neuroptera of North America, which had been prepared by Dr. Hagen, of Koenigsberg, at the request of Professor Henry. A few months later he arranged it for the press, annotated and furnished it with a glossary and index, and read the proof-sheets. It was published in 1861, and classified as one of the series of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. In 1869 he was married to Miss Sophia Werdebaugh, of Baltimore, and has one son, Horace Scudder Uhler, born August 5, 1872. Wn Hon. Eucene, Member of the Legislature o i . of Maryland, was born in Baltimore, December fk 22, 1839. His father, Edward Higgins, was for 7 many years a merchant in that city, and one of the % largest importers of fruit, in which business he ac- quired a considerable property. He died in 1863 at the age of sixty-three years. His mother, Susan (Abbott) Higgins, was a native of Talbot County. She died in 1860 at the age of forty-four. Her son Eugene was educated in the public schools of his native city, and graduated at Georgetown College, District of Columbia, in 1856. He soon after became a member. of the firm of Higgins & Jenkins, doing business on the corner of Calvert and Pratt streets. On the outbreak of the civil war he went South and enlisted in Captain J. Lisle Clark’s company. Early in the struggle he with eight others were on a steamer bound for Baltimore, with the intention of capturing a cer- tain Baltimore steamer, but they were discovered, and three of their number, including Mr. Higgins and Colonel Zer- bona, were captured. The former was confined in Fort McHenry about three months, when he was released and went South. After ten months in the army he was ap- pointed Assistant Provost-Marshal of Richmond, Virginia, which position he held for one and a half years, Again entering the Confederate Army he continued with it till he with the rest surrendered at Appomattox Court-house. 578 On his return to Baltimore he was a clerk for one year in the furniture establishment of Messrs. Renwick & Sons, when he received the appointment as clerk in the Re- corder’s office, in which he remained eight years. In 1875 he was elected a member of the Second Branch of the City Council for two years. In 1877 he was elected to the Legislature for two years, and is still a member of that body. He also holds a position as Deputy Inspector in one of the State tobacco warehouses in Baltimore. Mr. Higgins is an active and influential politician, and has discharged with ability and credit the duties of the various positions which he has been called upon to fill. Ge vitian NATHANIEL Dare, M.D., son of Rey. 4 William Fitzhugh and Jane Gray (Dare) Chesley, was born in Baltimore, December 16, 1815. His i father was for many years Rector of Herring Creek Protestant Episcopal Church, in Anne Arundel County, one of the most important country parishes of that denomination in Maryland. The ancestors of Dr. Chesley, those represented by his own name, as well as the Dares, the Fitzhughs, and the Grays, were among the oldest and most distinguished families of the State. From his earliest boyhood his clear and penetrating intellect and amiable and affectionate disposition were the constant subject of re- mark. Sincerity, sympathy, kindness, and cheerfulness, all were expressed unmistakably in his countenance and man- ner, and won him many friends. His early education was received in the best schools of the city and State, where he made rapid progress in his studies. He commenced his medical studies in Frederick City in the office of Dr. Magill, and afterwards prosecuted them for two years in Baltimore under Dr. William Baker, at the same time at- tending the Medical College of the University of Mary- land, from which in his twenty-first year he graduated with distinction, and received his degree of Doctor of Medi- cine. The qualities which won him so much popularity in his boyhood also made him a great favorite in college and in society. Shortly after receiving his diploma he opened an office in the West River settlement of Anne Arundel County, where he remained for thirty-five years, devoting himself most assiduously and conscientiously to the duties of his profession. From the beginning his practice was large, but his great tenderness of heart and kindness and sympathy for all would never permit it to be very lucrative. He was as devoted in his attentions to the poor as to the rich; to even the vagabond and the outcast he was tender and gentle, not only asking nothing for his services, but supplying their necessities out of his own purse. He was a Christian gentleman in the highest sense of the word, and no man who had ever lived in the community had so strong a hold on the affections and respect of the people. He was very successful as a physician, and his skill as a surgeon was unsurpassed. He was consulting physician BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. for his own and the adjoining counties, and wherever known was considered a man of unusual gifts and effi- ciency. A naturally vigorous constitution alone enabled him to endure the long strain and excessive labors of his extensive country practice. A friend says that during the last years he averaged in the saddle at least twelve hours out of the twenty-four, but this constant exposure, particularly to the night air and a malarious atmosphere, gradually undermined his health. Hoping to benefit it he removed in May, 1874, to Baltimore, where he practiced his profes- sion successfully until February, 1877, when his health continuing to fail he was confined to his room, lingering through a long and painful illness until January 23, 1878. A large number of the most distinguished physicians of the city attended him constantly, and his affectionate family and friends ministered to him with the devotion that only such a life and character as his could inspire. He preserved to the last the sweetness, gentleness, and considerate regard for others that had always distinguished him, and died in the Christian faith. Every honor was paid to his memory that respect and affection could sug- gest, and the deepest sympathy for his family in their be- reavement was called forth from all classes. Dr. Chesley was elected and served with distinction asa delegate to the National Medical Convention which met in Washington in 1855. His first marriage took place in October, 1844, the bride being Mary, the eldesi daughter of John Harry, of Georgetown, District of Columbia, a lady of great loveliness of character. She died in 1854, leaving two children, John William and Nathaniel Dare Chesley. Dr. Chesley was again married, July 7, 1859, to Miss Sarah J., daughter of the late George P. Rieman, and granddaughter of Mr. Daniel Rieman. Mrs. Chesley is also a grand- daughter of the late Robert Garrett. By this lady he had three children, George, Lizzie, and Maggie Jennie Gray Chesley. E COURCY, WituiaAmM Henry, M.D., was born, i 6 February 8, 1824, at Cheston, the family seat, on the Wye River, Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. ' He is the last male representative of his house. His father, William Henry De Courcy, a planter, who died in 1848, was the son of Captain Edward De Courcy, of the Revolutionary Army, who was attached to Patton’s Regiment of the old Maryland Line. He died April 8, 1827. The mother of Dr. De Courcy was Eliza, daughter of Henry Notley Rozier, of Notley Hall, Prince George’s County. She died in 1865, leaving, besides her son, one daughter, the wife of the Hon. Henry May. The estate of Cheston was granted in 1642 to John and William De Courcy (then written Coursey), who it is supposed emi- grated from Ireland and were of an illustrious Anglo- Norman family. A number of the Mew York World, in April, 1874, says: “ When a family has vigor enough to keep one name and one title in its blood for seven con- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. secutive centuries, it certainly deserves at least as much respect as an oak. tree of equal age, and this the De Courcys of Ireland have done. Michael Conrad De Courcy, thir- tieth Lord Kinsale of Ringrone, in Ireland, has just died, a comparatively young man and unmarried, leaving his estates and titles to his cousin, Fitzroy De Courcy, now thirty-first Lord Kinsale and Premier Baron of Ireland. No title in England or Scotland is of equal date, nor any blood among the British peers, unless we except the Court- neys, Earls of Devon, whose actual peerage is a thing of yesterday in comparison with the barony of Kinsale, granted in 1181 to De Courcy, Earl of Ulster.” Papers showing the claim of William De Courcy, of Wye River, to the earldom of Kinsale and barony of De Courcy in Ireland, were presented to Parliament in 1763 by the daughter of the late Lord Kinsale, “in behalf of their kinsman, William De Courcy, of America.’”’? The hall at Cheston is hung with portraits, beautiful oil paintings, of men in armor, dating back to 1668, and of women of two centuries ago. The literary education of the young heir of the American estate was carefully conducted under private tutors, and completed at St. Mary’s College in Baltimore in 1839. His medical studies he pursued as a private pupil of Professor Valentine Mott and Gunning S. Bedford, of New York, and graduated at the Medical Uni- versity of that city. His preference was for his profession, but on the death of his father he relinquished it, and has since devoted himself to the care of his valuable estate of eight hundred acres and to the pursuit of agriculture. He has given a large share of his attention to the importing and rearing of the best stock—horses, Hereford cattle, and Shropshire-Down sheep. Of sheep in particular he is a large importer and breeder. He assisted in the organiza- tion of the State Agricultural Society, with which he has always remained connected. He is a member of the Cin- cinnati Society. Dr. De Courcy has served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Maryland State Hospital for the Insane for a number of years. en 2-3, EWIS, JAMEs E. H., M.D., of Kent Island, was a born November 13, 1828, Under the training of a “&~° Christian mother he early received deep and abid- ing religious impressions. From his eighth to his eighteenth year he attended the district school dur- ing the winter season, mostly employing the intervals of time in assisting his father on the farm. After leaving school he remained with his father until he was twenty-two years of age. His careful and economical habits enabled him to save a small sum, and in 1856 he began mercantile business on the Island. This by his diligent attention he soon made a success, and ere long found himself in pos- session of sufficient means to enter upon the study of med- icine, to which his attention had been directed by his 579 friend, Dr. Denny. In his store he commenced his pre- paratory studies in 1858, and to him he expresses his great indebtedness for his kind advice and instruction, and for wisely influencing his course in life. Mr. Lewis had already greatly improved himself by constant reading, and having an eager thirst for knowledge he made rapid progress. He attended two courses of lectures at the Uni- versity of Maryland, and at the same time was an office- student with Professor Samuel Chew, Professor Warren, and Professor Christopher Johnston. After his graduation he received from Professor Warren a certificate of merit for personal character and for attainments in the science of medicine. He received his degree in March, 1861, and in July of the same year commenced practice among the people of his native island, among whom he has now fol- lowed his profession with increasing profit and success for seventeen years. In the community in which he was born, and to whom all his early difficulties are known, he has by his integrity, self-culture, and self-reliance attained an en- viable position. He is highly respected by his professional brethren, and is an honored member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ay HEELER, Rev. Josepy R., was born in the city g @).t 3 of Alexandria, Virginia, November 12, 1828. c Loy His parents, Samuel and Jane Wheeler, were ae among the first members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church in Alexandria. His mother was re- markable for her great personal piety. From her he in- herited many of the characteristics which have made his life so useful and successful. Her grandfather crossed the Potomac from Maryland about 1700, and built the first house on the present site of Alexandria. In the private schools of his native city he received a very liberal Eng- lish and classical education. He has always been a labori- ous student, and has acquired considerable mental culture. In his sixteenth year, being thrown on his own exertions for support, he entered a counting-room asa clerk. He soon exhibited superior business qualities, which promised a successful career in mercantile pursuits, but being con- verted, September 26, 1849, he resolved to abandon all secular pursuits and devote his life to the Gospel ministry. He entered at once upon a course of study to prepare him for this work. He was received into the Baltimore Con- ference at its session held in Hagerstown, March, 1853. February 21, 1856, he was united in marriage to Julia C. Wanton, of Alexandria. Her parents were of Quaker de- scent, and one of the oldest families of Friends of the State of Rhode Island. He has spent about fourteen years of his ministerial life in the State of Virginia, and has served some of the most important appointments of his Church in the Valley of Virginia. He spent six years in Baltimore, Maryland, as pastor of Caroline Street and Columbia Street stations. For three years he was stationed at Wes- 580 ley Chapel, Washington, District of Columbia. At the ex- piration of a very successful pastorate there he was as- signed to his present charge, Waugh Chapel, Washington. In all his fields of labor he has been eminently success- ful. Many revivals of religion have resulted from his efforts. As a preacher he is clear, forcible, and scriptural. His sermons are always practical and instructive, and at times full of tenderness and pathos. They abound in apt and striking illustrations chosen from the scenes of every- day life. These illustrations give a peculiar freshness, originality, and vigor to his sermons, and make his preach- ing attractive and interesting. He excels as a pastor. His stern adherence to the truth, his warm and sympathetic na- ture, his earnest devotion to his work, and his deep and sincere piety make him a welcome guest in the hearts and homes of his parishioners. SWON@ILLER, Hon. Ottver, Chief Justice of the Fifth De XS Judicial Circuit and Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, April 15, 1824, son of Giles and Cla- rissa Miller. He was taught first in the common schools of his native town, and at the early age of twelve years went to the city of Frederick, Maryland, where his sister and her husband, Mrs. and Mr. Converse, then re- sided, and attended the academy of that city, of which Mr. Converse was then the Principal. He subsequently re- moved with Mr. Converse to Leesburg, Loudon County, Virginia, and was under his instruction in the academy there for a number of years. In 1845 he entered the Sophomore class in Dartmouth College, and graduated with distinction in August, 1848. Immediately afterwards he came to the city of Annapolis and studied law in the office of Hon. Alexander Randall, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. In connection with the practice of his profession he su- pervised the reporting of the four volumes of Maryland Chancery Decisions by Chancellor Johnson. In 1852 he was appointed by the court Reporter of the decisions of the Court of Appeals, and for ten years held this position while continuing the practice of the law, resigning it in 1862. During this period he reported the volumes of Alaryland Reports from volume third to volume eighteen inclusive. He was elected by the people of Anne Arundel County as one of their delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1864. He was elected a member of the Legislature from the same county in 1865-66, and was elected Speaker of S, Oe fy n the House of Delegates during the important session of [| 1867. In November of that year, after the adoption of the Constitution, he was elected Chief Judge of the Fifth Judi- cial Circuit of the State, comprising the counties of Anne Arundel, Howard, and Carroll, and thus became one of the Associate Judges of the Court of Appeals. tion he has held to the present time. This posi- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Pp”: CHARLES RIDGELY, Pharmacist, was born, July & <5 18, 1842, at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland. His father, Charles R. Pue, led a quiet and retired a life on his plantation in the above county, devoting himself to the cultivation of his land and the care of his children. His paternal grandfather, Michael Pue, was a well-known physician of Baltimore, distinguished for his professional skill. Of his seven sons, four, Michael, Arthur, Richard, and Robert, were physicians. Though all of them practiced for some time in Baltimore, they re- sided the greater portion of their lives on their estates at Elkridge. In childhood the subject of this sketch became the adopted son of Christopher and Ann Harris. After attending school at Ellicott City and Washington, District of Columbia, he at the age of fifteen years entered the drug store of his uncle, T. C. McIntire, in Washington, to learn the business of a pharmacist, with whom he remained about three years. He subsequently served for four years in a clerical capacity in the drug establishment of Valen- tine Harbaugh in Washington. Having become thor- oughly conversant with the drug business, he, in 1865, in partnership with his brother-in-law, John W. Brown, opened a store in Baltimore. In September, 1867, the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Pue then established himself in his present locality, at the corner of Baltimore and Stricker streets, on his individual account. Mr. Pue has been a member and Trustee of the Bethany Indepen- dent Church, and is now attached to the Central Methodist. His success in life is attributable to assiduity and energy combined with prudence and correct dealing. He is a man of thorough business integrity and a sincere Christian. In 1866 he married Miss Matilda, daughter of Rev. Rich- ard Brown, of Baltimore. He has two sons and one daughter living. Wo THomas, was born in Harford County, Ml Maryland, in 1789. When he-was nine years old his parents removed to Baltimore, where me Thomas received a plain but practical education. At the age of seventeen he entered the counting- room of Thorndyke Chase, then one of the prominent merchants of Baltimore. Before reaching his majority he had the entire charge of the books of the establishment and was installed as chief clerk. In 1810 he entered into the shipping business with a wealthy gentleman named Brown, under the firm style of Brown & Wilson. In 1811 he made a voyage to the West Indies in a chartered ves- sel with a cargo partly belonging to his house. The ven- ture was very successful. During the war of 1812 with Great Britain, the blockade of the Chesapeake Bay by the English fleet was so effective that the commerce of Ballti- more was nearly destroyed, and save privateering, in which Messrs. Brown & Wilson as members of the Society of Friends could not engage, all mercantile pursuits were BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. dull. Mr. Wilson in conjunction with another Baltimore merchant and two firms in Boston organized a line of small vessels, which sailing from the latter city discharged their cargoes at Folly Landing, on the Atlantic coast, which were then transported, overland to Onancock, and from thence were conveyed by boats of light draught to Baltimore. The energy of Mr. Wilson enabled him to surmount all difficulties, and the line was successfully or- ganized during the year 1813. On one occasion Mr. Wilson ‘accompanied the captain of a vessel which had arrived at Folly Landing laden with sack salt, etc., to Fredericks- burg, Virginia, and loading seven small boats with flour as a return shipment, sailed down the Rappahannock to the bay. Upon reaching the mouth of the river, as the wind was fair and none of the enemy’s fleet in sight, it was resolved that an attempt should be made to cross the bay. Accordingly the little fleet of seven vessels sailed at dusk, but as the weather had become almost calm during the night, at daylight, much to their dismay, the whole block- ading squadron was discovered directly ahead, and upon tacking about they were pursued by boats armed with swivel guns, which opened fire as they gained on the chase. Three of the boats escaped, and regaining the river ran up a creek, where they were protected by the Virginia militia. A few nights later Mr. Wilson succeeded in evading the blockaders, and crossed with his three boats. Upon the restoration of peace, commerce rapidly revived, and al- though a revolution was in progress in Venezuela Mr. Wilson was desirous of re-establishing commercial rela- tions with that country, and being joined by another Balti- more house, upon condition that he would agree to reside in that country at least a year and dispose of the cargoes forwarded, he sailed for La Guayra in the latter part of 1814, where he remained over fifteen months. One of the vessels consigned to him was captured by a Spanish cruiser and conveyed to Puerto Cabello, sixty miles dis- tant, and upon his arrival with documents from the authori- ties of La Guayra proving the vessel not to be contraband, he found that both vessel and cargo had been condemned and sold as a lawful prize. The lawyer employed to draw the plea and reclamation, which were signed by Mr. Wil- son as claimant, having reflected severely upon the judge who had adjudicated the case, a decree of the court was exhibited fining Mr. Wilson, in default of which he was to-be confined in jail. As this decision was purely arbi- trary, payment was refused, whereupon he was_incar- cerated, and though speedily released he was attacked by yellow fever, and several weeks elapsed before he became convalescent. Mr. Wilson in 1816 closed his business in Venezuela and returned to Baltimore. Upon the retire- ment of Mr. Brown in 1819, Mr. Wilson continued the business on his individual account for several years, when he associated with him G. W. Peterkin, the second co- partnership continuing until the death of the latter in 1837. ‘Subsequently W. S. Peterkin and R. W. Allen were added 74 581 as partners, under the firm name of Thomas Wilson & Co. This partnership was dissolved during the great financial panic of 1857. The house suffered heavy finan- cial losses, but met all its liabilities. Mr. Wilson was the sole owner of the Pioneer Cotton Factory at Georgetown, District of Columbia, He was a large Stockholder, Direc- tor, and President (from 1855 to 1867) in and of the Balti- more Coal Company. For several years he has been engaged in the purchase and sale of coal lands in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, with great success. He has filled many offices of honor and trust. He was a member of the Maryland Colonization Society, and also of the Susque- hanna Canal Company. The “ Baltimore Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor” elected him formally for its President, and the “Baltimore Manual Labor School for Indigent Boys” chose him as its executive for many years. Though now in the ninetieth year of his age, Mr. Wilson is still in the possession of mental vigor, and continues to manage his extensive and varied interests. EABROOK, Hon. WILiiAM L. W., was born near Ne} “Fairfield, Adams County, Pennsylvania, October ° 9, 1833. The death of his father when he was pe. four years of age left his mother, in rather straitened P circumstances, with three children, of whom the eldest was nine years of age. Six years afterwards she returned with her children to her native place in Frederick County, Maryland, at which time the subject of this sketch was ten years old. During the succeeding seven years he resided with a maternal uncle, and was employed alternately in tilling the soil and selling miscellaneous merchandise in his uncle’s store, varied by attendance at the village primary school during the winter months, where he obtained a fair education in the English branches, American history, geography, and the lower mathematics. At the age of seventeen he entered the printing office of the Adams Sen- tinel, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where he continued about eighteen months and became a practical printer. On account of failing health he then abandoned the case for a period of six months, but at the age of nineteen resumed the occupation and became assistant foreman of The Frede- rick Herald, a newspaper published in Frederick City, Maryland. At the age of twenty-one years he became one of the proprietors and leading editor of the paper referred to, a connection which continued about three years. Dur- ing this time and subsequently he has taken an active part in the political movements, and has frequently discussed political issues on the public rostrum. In 1857, at the age of twenty-four, he was elected Commissioner of the Land Office of the State of Maryland for the term of six years, having been a candidate on the American State ticket with Thomas Holliday Hicks, who was elected Governor at the same election. At the expiration of his term of office he 532 was re-elected without opposition, having received the unanimous nomination of both the Radical and Conservative Union State conventions of that year, 1863. The adoption of the State Constitution of 1867 cut short the tenure of and vacated all the offices in the State except that of Gov- ernor. At the election of that year Mr. Seabrook was the Republican candidate for Clerk of the Court of Appeals, but, with the other candidates on the ticket for State of- fices, was defeated by his Democratic competitor. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention of 1864, at which Mr, Lincoln was renominated for the Presidency, and was a member of the committee which conveyed the action of the convention to the nominees. He was also elected a delegate to the National Convention of his party which renominated President Grant in 1872, but was un- able to attend its sessions. Upon retiring from the Land Office in 1868 he became connected with the American Sentinel newspaper at Westminster, Maryland, as one of its proprietors and as sole editor and manager, and so con- tinued until January 1, 1874. In 1873 he was appointed Superintendent of Public Stores in the Baltimore Custom- house, and filled that position until December 1, 1876, when he became Chief United States Weigher at that port. He has been prominently connected with the Order of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, having been Senior Grand Warden from 1861 to 1862, and Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maryland from 1862 to 1864. He was married, September 4, 1855, in Frederick, Mary- land, to Miss Harriet P. Thomas, a native of that city. He has been a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church since 1851, and later has been actively identified with the work of the Young Men’s Christian Association. SRY RES, REV. THOMAS OLIVER, Pastor of the Metho- oh dist Episcopal Church at Pocomoke City, Mary- land, was born near Greensboro, Caroline County, Maryland, May 27, 1838. He was the eighth child of a family of nine children. James and Nancy (Harwood) Ayres. His father was of English descent; his mother, on her father’s side, was of Irish extraction. She was married in her eighteenth year, and died in 1850 at the age of forty-eight. James Ayres died in 1842, in his forty-second year, when his son Thomas was only four years old. Thomas therefore had but few opportunities of education. He commenced attending school at eight years of age, but went only at intervals. After the death of his mother he was employed ona farm for a year. He then went to Templeville, and lived for two years in the family of Mr. William Henry Council, a harness- maker. When seventeen years of age he went to Smyrna, Delaware, and served three years as an apprentice under Mr. J. B. Ruth, harness-maker. He became a good work- man, and was employed by Mr. Ruth for a year after his EP His parents were- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. apprenticeship expired. At the end of this year as journey- man he bought out his employer and entered into business in his own’ name, at which he continued until 1861. During these years he improved all his leisure time in - reading, and became very well informed. When the civil war broke out he became an earnest patriot and Repub- lican, and, October 25, 1862, entered as a private the Sixth Regiment, Company A, Delaware Infantry. When the company was organized he was made Orderly Sergeant, and served during the entire term. He re-enlisted and entered the Seventh Regiment Delaware Infantry, July 27, 1864, and served as First Lieutenant, Company F, for thirty days. He again volunteered, and, September 12, 1864, was made First Lieutenant of Company F, Ninth Regiment Delaware Infantry; was detailed and made Adjutant after being in camp a few days. On December 15, 1864, he was commissioned Captain of Company H, and was mustered out with the regiment at the expiration of the term of service. He resumed again his business as saddle and harness maker in the town of Smyrna, but under the strong conviction that this was not to be the business of his life. From his earliest childhood he had been the sub- ject of deep religious impressions, which the death of his parents and of his brothers and sisters, only two of whom survive, served to strengthen. In his eighteenth year the reading of infidel books did him great harm for a time, but in the autumn of 1859 he became convinced of their untruth and worthlessness, and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church at Smyrna. During the next nine years he was successively a class-leader, exhorter, and local preacher, and while giving all needful attention to busi- ness was still earnestly applying himself to preparation for the ministry of the Gospel. He first served the Church occasionally on Smyrna Circuit, Wilmington Conference, and was received into the ranks as a travelling preacher in 1870. He was first appointed to Millboro, Delaware, and served for three years in that charge, after which he was sent to Frankford, Delaware, for three years, and in 1876 was appointed to the Pocomoke City Methodist Epis- copal Church. He is now pastor of Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church, Crisfield, Maryland. Mr. Ayres is an original thinker and speaker; in the pulpit and on the platform, as a teacher and worker, he is forcible and popu- lar, and is highly regarded by his people. He has been very successful as a financier in church matters, and has been largely engaged in building and fitting up churches and church property. At Millsboro he rebuilt the church, repaired another one in the country, and furnished the parsonage. At Frankford he rebuilt the church, and in his present charge has built one new church, and rebuilt and repaired three others. He has also greatly improved the parsonage. He has always been very active in the temperance cause, and has been a bold and fearless worker in behalf of local option. He joined the Good Templars in 1868, and in September, 1869, was made Grand Worthy BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Chief Templar of the State of Delaware, and served in that capacity for one year. As an Odd Fellow he has passed all the chairs. He has beena Delegate to the Grand Lodge of the State of Delaware. Mr. Ayres was married, April 18, 1861, to Rebecca Taylor, daughter of Joseph and Phoebe A. Disch, of Smyrna, Delaware. They have had nine children, of whom only three, two boys and one girl, survive. Bow Joun, Florist, was born in Yorkshire, Eng- Un land, June 3, 1802. He received his education at Te Sutton, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, and when thirteen + years of age was placed at Lord Yarborough’s ele- gant seat at Brocklesby, Lincolnshire, England. ‘For five years young Feast, who had an ardent fondness for flowers, applied himself diligently to their care and culture at the above place, then deemed one of the finest in Eng- land. After having had charge of the Botanic Gardens at Yarborough about two years, he in 1823 set sail for America, landing in Philadelphia on the twenty-first anni- versary of his birthday. Three days after his arrival he went to Baltimore, where he had a brother, Samuel, who had preceded him to the United States in 1817, and was engaged in the above city in the floricultural business. With him John became associated under the firm style of Samuel & John Feast. The Feasts were located on the Frederick Road, cultivating trees, plants, and vegetables, and were the first to offer plants for sale in the Baltimore markets. The above business connection continued until 1830, when John became the sole proprietor of the estab- lishment, which he removed that year to its present loca- tion, 295 Lexington Street, where he has continuously and successfully conducted it for half a century, It was at one time not only the largest of its kind, but also embraced the most extensive miscellaneous collection of plants in this country. Mr. Feast has been engaged for many years in the origination of new plants, and for over forty years has been an importer of rare exotics, of new and valuable trees. In 1868 Mr. Feast received carte blanche from General Capron, then United States Commissioner of Agri- culture, to purchase in Europe trees, plants, cereals, etc., that were likely to be acquisitions in this country. In the performance of the duty intrusted to him he visited Eng- land, Belgium, Prussia, Germany, and France, and brought home the finest and most valuable collection for the Gov- ernment, as well as many rare and curious additions to his own stock, ever gathered at one time. He was one of the founders of the first Maryland Horticultural Society, in 1830; assisted in reviving it in 1851, and was active in the organization of the present one in 1874: He took great interest in the early success of the Maryland Insti- tute, and for many years was one of its Board of Mana- gers. A number of its floral exhibitions were arranged by him “with his characteristic ability to produce pronounced effects from the materials at hand.”” He was the superin- 583 tendent in the decoration arrangement of the Household Department of three successive agricultural societies in Maryland. At the Exposition in Cincinnati in 1872 he chartered a car and conveyed to the above city two hundred and sixteen specimens of plants, and was awarded the first prize for exhibiting the finest collection thereof, It was an unprecedented enterprise, and strikingly illustrated his energy and devotion to his profession. He has from time to time contributed to various publications or read before scientific societies papers on botanical or horticul- tural topics. For a number of years he contributed to the American Farmer, a calendar of monthly operations in the flower garden and green-house. He has been iden- tified with all the movements in Baltimore to promote horticulture, and numerous public institutions have had the benefit of his helping hand. He has represented his ward in-the City Council of Baltimore, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Parks, in which capacity his floricultural and arboreal knowledge were advanta- geously availed of. Though in the seventy-seventh year of his age, Mr. Feast still enthusiastically and actively pursues his vocation, he being, as remarked by the Amert- can Farmer in 1878, “ the sole remaining representative of the early days of floriculture, the father, indeed, of the plant trade, and as one whose surname has long been a household word among growers and admirers of flowers,” Mr. Feast has been twice married, first, in 1831, to Miss Mahala Spencer, of Harford County, Maryland ; secondly, to Miss Sarah A. Uppercue, of Baltimore County. He has five children living: Linnzus, Loudon, Dillwyn, John, and Annie. SWEDEN, WILLIAM, was born in the city of Baltimore, oy November 14, 1806. On his father’s side he is of baK English descent, and on his mother’s of Scotch, I * He attended school until he was eleven years of age, and then went to learn the butchering busi- ness with Alexander Gould. At the age of twenty-one years he went into business on his own account, and con- tinued it about thirty years, when he retired. He then purchased a farm in Carroll County, Maryland, which he ‘has since disposed of. Mr. Eden remembers very well the battle of North Point and the bombardment of Fort McHenry. In his youth he was an attendant upon the Rev. Mr. Henshaw’s church, and has never changed in his religious principles. He has been a member of St. Andrew’s Society, a Scotch organization, for about forty years. He cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson; subse- quently affiliated with the old-line Whigs until the civil war, and is now a Democrat. He married Miss Ann Caroline Anderson, September 3, 1833, and has six chil- dren, two'sons and four daughters. His oldest daughter is the wife of Edward H. Moon. Mr. Eden, though now in his seventy-second year, enjoys general good health, and bids fair for a green old age, 584 g% ILSON, Hon. Jos—EpH ALEXANDER, Lawyer and ‘ OK ; State Senator, the youngest son of Joseph S. eT and Eveline (Sollers) Wilson, was born in : Calvert County, Maryland, September 29, 1831. His ancestors on both sides were from England, and among the earliest settlers on the Eastern Shore. Both families own large landed estates on the waters of the Chesapeake Bay in that county. Mr. Wilson gradu- ated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1850, and was admitted to the bar in 1852 at the age of twenty-one. He rapidly rose into prominence as a lawyer, and in 1856 was elected to. the House of Delegates. In 1860 he was elected State’s Attorney for his county, and such was his popularity that he was re-elected continuously, without opposition, for the three succeeding terms, making a period of sixteen years in which he held that office. In 1876 he was nominated for the State Senate, but his op- ponent, Nathaniel Duke, Republican, was returned as elected by five votes. Mr. Wilson contested the election, and a new election was ordered, in which he was suc- cessful by the largest majority ever given in the county. He took his seat in January, 1878. He was married in 1856 to Miss Sarah Eliza, daughter of Hon. A. R. Sollers, of Calvert County, who served several terms in Congress. Mr. Wilson has four children: Joseph L., Augustus S., Mary Frances, and Helen. Comm 02 GKWeSRDCASTLE, GENERAL Epmunp L. F., the a . eldest son of Edward B. and Mary Ann (Lock- ar wood) Hardcastle, was born, October 18, 1824, in “Tf * Denton, Caroline County, Maryland. His father, Edward B. Hardcastle, was a prominent merchant of the town, and much esteemed for his high character. Robert Hardcastle, his great-great-grandfather, came from England, and in the year 1748 obtained a patent for lands and settled in that portion of Queen Anne’s County which was subsequently taken off to form a part of Caroline County. Robert left several sons, one or more of whom removed to Virginia or the Western territory. Peter, the third son, who was a soldier in our Revolutionary war and rose to the rank of Major in the Continental army, died without issue. The eldest son, Thomas, who founded the family seat known as “ Castle Hall,’ in the upper part of Caroline County, left eight sons, from whom have descended all of the name now residing in Maryland, Aaron, the eldest son of Thomas, was the grandfather of Edmund. His mother was the daughter of Caleb Lockwood, who belonged to an old and numerous family in Delaware. The subject of this sketch grew up and went to school as a boy in his native town, where an academy was established in the year 1840. Among his associates at this school were John M. Robinson and the brothers Willard and Eli Saulsbury, who have become men of distinction. The BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. former is an eminent jurist on the bench of the Court of Appeals of Maryland; the two latter have each repre- sented the State of Delaware in the United States Senate for two terms, the present Senator having been the suc- cessor of his brother, who is now Chancellor of Delaware. To complete their education the Saulsburys and Robinson went to Dickinson College, Carlisle, where it was the in- tention of Mr. Hardcastle to send his son also. But it was the desire of the latter to go to West Point, and the fact that Caroline County had never had an appointment to this institution favored his aspirations. From the Hon. James A. Pearce, then a Representative in Congress, he received the appointment, and after passing the required examination he was entered as cadet at the United States Military Academy, June, 1842. Here he acquitted him- self with credit, graduating, June, 1846, 7/¢/ in his class, and in a short time thereafter he was commissioned a Sec- ond Lieutenant of the United States Army, in the Corps of Topographical Engineers. In the same class were Gen- erals McClellan, Foster, Reno, Couch, (Stonewall) Jack- son, Sturgis, Stoneman, Oakes, Maury, Palmer, Jones, Wilcox, Gardner, Maxey, and Pickett. The Mexican war having broken out the month preceding the graduation of this class, almost every member of it was ordered to the seat of war, where an opportunity was soon afforded them to put in practice the military science taught them at West Point. Lieutenant Hardcastle was assigned to duty under General Winfield Scott, and served throughout the bril- liant campaign that was conducted by that distinguished commander. He participated in the siege of Vera Cruz, the battle of Cerro Gordo, the capture of the Castle of Perote and of the city of Puebla, and the battles of Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and the city of Mexico. “For gallant and meritorious conduct” in the severely contested battles of Churubusco and Molino del Rey he received two brevets, which gave him the rank of Captain from September 8, 1847, the date of the last-named battle. He remained with the army in Mex- ico until the termination of the war by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, executed in June, 1848. During the occupation of the enemy’s capital the engineer officers were chiefly engaged in making reconnoissances and seek- ing information of the resources and roads of the country, with a view toa forward movement of the army. But several months before the ratification of the treaty of peace there were indications of a termination of the war with- out further conquest of Mexican territory. One of the most significant of these indications was a request to Gen- eral Scott from the civil authorities of the city of Mexico, to have made by our engineer officers a survey for the more perfect drainage of that city, and for its protection from the floods caused by overflow of the waters of the Northern Lakes. Serious injuries had been sustained by these inundations, and it was desirable that a remedy should be found to guard against this danger in the future. Yy Wy Uy 7 YY yy Yi Wy Wy, — ae. lee j AZ ? NMre € Ss AO OL ‘ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. This duty was assigned to Captain Hardcastle and Lieu- tenant Smith of the Topographical Engineers, who made a survey and reported a plan and estimate for draining the Upper Lakes of their surplus waters; and suitable ac- knowledgments for the services rendered by these officers were made by the Mexican authorities. When the army was recalled from Mexico in the summer of 1848, Captain Hardcastle on arriving at New Orleans was ordered to proceed to Washington. Here he was occupied till the next winter in completing maps and reports of the surveys he had made in México. About this time the commission was organized for running the new boundary line, which our recent acquisition of Mexican territory under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo made it necessary to establish. As the junior engineer officer Captain Hardcastle was as- signed to astronomical duty on this Mexican Boundary Commission, and for the better protection of the valuable instruments placed in his charge he was ordered to pro- ceed by sea to San Diego, California. The steamer on which he sailed touched at Panama and took on board the rest of the Commission, which had crossed the isthmus and were awaiting transportation to San Diego, at which destination they all safely arrived in the month of May, 1849. This Boundary Commission was made up of a commissioner having diplomatic functions, with a corps of civilians, a surveyor with assistants (all civil engineers), whose duty it was to run and mark the boundary line, and an astronomical party, consisting of three engineer officers of the army and civil assistants, whose duty it was to de- termine the geographical position of this line. Beginning at the initial point on the Pacific coast (one marine league south of the Bay of San Diego) this boundary was to run thence by a straight line to the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers. But in order to compute the azimuth by which this line could be laid off and run from either end, it was necessary first to establish the latitude and longitude of its terminal points. The establishing of fixed observa- tories, and the necessary observations and the computation of the same for the determination of the correct geographi- cal position of these two points, occupied about a year. While this work was going on at both ends of the line Captain Hardcastle was making reconnoissances of the intermediate country. The length of this line was about one hundred and fifty miles, and he found it would cross two ranges of mountains and a sand désert, the width of which was more than one third of the distance. This desert was destitute of grass or water, and over its burning sands the thermometer in the shade at midday ranged at one hundred and six degrees. He reported that it would be a difficult and laborious work to run and mark this boundary, but he thought it was practicable to do so by es- tablishing points on the crests of the mountain ranges, and by employing a small force,—say a working party of three persons,—which could be supplied with water and provi- sions by relays of pack-mules, to operate across the desert. 585 In the meanwhile, however, the appropriation of one hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars that had been made for this work was being exhausted by the maintenance of the two corps composing the civil branch of the Boundary Commis- sion. Both the commissioner and surveyor had reported that the running and marking of this line was impractica- ble, on account of the great cost of operating through the unfavorable country intervening between the Pacific coast and the Gila River. It was under these circumstances, after the astronomical work had been completed, that or- ders were received from Washington to suspend further operations, disband the Commission, and leave one of the officers of the army in charge of the work. Captain Hard- castle being designated to remain at San Diego, he sub- mitted an estimate of the cost of running and marking the line, amounting to the sum of twenty thousand dollars. This estimate being approved at the Department of the In- terior, funds were immediately sent to him, with instruc- tions to commence operations. He took the field at once, and by the middle of the next summer he had completed the work at a cost within the amount of his estimate. A handsome marble monument was placed at the initial point on the Pacific coast and cast-iron monuments were erected at different points along the line. Returning to Washington in the autumn of 1851, he was shortly after- wards appointed Engineer Secretary of the Lighthouse Board, then being organized under a recent act of Congress. Up to this time our lighthouses and buoys, etc., had been under the charge of the Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, but our growing commerce required for its protection a more efficient and better-organized system of control of these important aids to navigation. To accomplish this object Congress authorized the creation of the Lighthouse Board, to be composed of three officers of engineers of the army, of three officers of the navy, and of two civil- ians having scientific attainments. The commercial na- tions of Europe, especially England and France, had made great progress and improvement in the structure of lighthouses, as well as in the mode of illuminating them. Iron-pile foundations were found to be less costly and better adapted to certain localities than solid masonry, and for the cumbrous metallic reflectors there had been substituted the glass lens, which gave a stronger and bet- ter light. But in order to avail of these and other modern improvements an entire change of our lighthouse system was necessary. The first important step taken was to divide our coast into districts, which were placed in charge of officers of the army and navy as lighthouse inspectors, who were required to make frequent inspec- tions and reports. As Engineer Secretary of this board, Captain Hardcastle had under his supervision the prepar- ation of plans for new lighthouses and for the improve- ment of old ones as they were modified from time Besides he had to conduct the correspond- He to time. ence in reference to the execution of such work. 586 prepared the plans for the Screw-pile Lighthouse on Seven Foot Knoll at the mouth of Patapsco River, and of the Minot’s Ledge Lighthouse on the coast of Massachu- setts. Both these structures are good specimens of engi- neering skill, but very different in character as well as cost. One is an open framework of wrought iron exposed to the ice-flow from the Susquehanna River, the other is a mas- sive granite tower exposed to the full force of the Atlantic wave, and each has successfully withstood the severe shock it was designed to resist. After a service of more than four years on this duty Captain Hardcastle resigned his commission in the army, and settled in Talbot County, Maryland, where he has since devoted himself to agricul- tural pursuits. A few years prior to his resignation he had married Sarah D., daughter of the late Colonel William Hughlett, a wealthy and influential gentleman of the same county. It was not to be expected that a man of his character and qualifications would remain in retirement upon his farm. He declined to take part on either side in the late civil war; but he made himself useful to the peo- ple by protecting them from the extortions of swindlers en- gaged during the war in furnishing substitutes for drafted men. In 1867 he was called upon to take charge of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad, which had become so seriously embarrassed in its finances that all work upon it had been abandoned. His friends were surprised that he would accept the presidency of a company in the desperate situation this was believed to be in; but he did not do so till after careful consideration of the matter. The road had been built as far as Ridgely in Caroline County, where it stopped for want of funds or credit to carry it further, and unless it was extended to Easton the people of Talbot County would reap little or no benefit from their means already expended in this work. After satisfying himself that but asmall amount of mortgage bonds had been issued, he accepted the position, on condition that the existing contract was to be annulled when the road reached Hills- borough, and that no more bonds should be paid out, but that the work should be paid for in money as it progressed beyond this point. On this basis the road would belong to the stockholders by whose means it was built. Under his administration public confidence was restored, and the four miles of road to Hillsborough were built on the re-estab- lished credit of the company. But a controversy arose be- tween him and the contractor as to the mode of payment for work beyond this point, which resulted in his retire- ment from the presidency at the end of the year. About this time he was made a Director in the Easton National Bank of Maryland. Being elected to the State Legislature he served in the House of Delegates in the session of 1870, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Militia and a mem- ber of the Ways and Means Committee. He was the author of the militia law and several important local laws adopted at that session. In 1874 he was appointed by Gover- nor Groome a Brigadier-General in the State militia, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. which appointment was subsequently renewed by Gover- nor Carroll. Under the Assessment Act of 1876 he was also appointed by Governor Carroll on the Board of Con- trol and Review for Talbot County, and by his associates he was made President of the board. In this position he rendered most valuable and satisfactory service in the equalization and fair adjustment of taxes. Again elected to the Legislature, he was recognized as one of the most useful members of the House of Delegates in the session of 1878. As Chairman of the Committee on the Chesa- peake Bay and Tributaries he prepared a bill regulating the oyster interest, which was highly commended, but the influence of the dredgers was sufficient to defeat its pas- sage. The measure with which he was most prominently identified was the Elevator Bill, of which he was the author. It was an important measure for the protection of the grain and fruit-growers of Maryland, who are subjected to seri- ous loss for want of adequate provision for the reception, storage, and handling of these important staple products. But there was violent opposition to its passage by the large dealers in Baltimore city, and the Judiciary Committee having reported that the bill was unconstitutional, it was defeated without a fair consideration of its merits. With- out being a partisan he is a Democrat in politics, and wields a considerable influence. General Hardcastle is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He resides | inthe town of Easton, and has four sons: Richard, Thomas, Edward, and Hughlett. x WONWECLANE, Hon. RoBeERT MILLIGAN, eldest son of cD Ne the late Louis McLane, of Delaware, was born e at Wilmington in that State, June 23, 1815. His father, after twenty years of distinguished public service as Representative in Congress, as Senator, as Minister to Great Britain, as Secretary of the Treasury, and then Secretary of State, retired from politi- cal life in 1837, and settled in Maryland, having accepted the Presidency of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Com- pany. The vigor and capacity with which he administered its affairs during the long period of his presidency, made those years memorable in the history of that great work. Colonel Allan McLane, of Delaware, the grandfather of Hon. R. M. McLane, was an officer of distinguished merit in the Revolution, and was the friend of Washington, who honored him with an important and responsible civil office under the government formed in 1787, which he retained until his death in 1829. Catharine Mary Milligan, the mother of the subject of this sketch, a woman of superior character and accomplishment, Was the eldest daughter of Robert and Sally (Jones) Milligan, of Cecil County, both of the oldest and most highly respected families of Mary- land. Robert M, McLane was placed at an early age at a noted school in Wilmington, and in 1827 was sent to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. St. Mary’s College in Baltimore. Two years later his father took him to Europe and placed him under an in- structor in Paris. In that city he attended the classes at the College Bourbon, and enjoyed the friendship of Gen- eral Lafayette, who cherished an affectionate remembrance of his grandfather. Returning to the United States in 1831, and having at that time a preference for military life, he was appointed a cadet at West Point by General Andrew Jackson, graduating in July, 1837, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the First Artillery. The same summer he joined his regiment and took command of his company in Florida, where his services merited and re- ceived the commendation of his brother officers of all grades. The following spring he was ordered with his company to join General Scott in the Cherokee country, Georgia, and later in the same year was transferred to the newly organized corps of Topographical Engineers, and ordered to report to General Taylor, then operating in Florida. With him he remained till the fall of 1839, when he joined Captain Canfield, then engaged in a mili- tary survey of the Northern Lakes, and with whom by order of the Secretary of War he went to Europe, in January, 1841, for the purpose of examining the system of dykes and drainage in Holland and Italy. While in Paris, August 2 of that year, Lieutenant McLane was married to Georgine, daughter of David Urquhart, a prominent and wealthy merchant of Louisiana. On his return he proceeded to New Orleans with Captain George W. Hughes, Topographical Engineer, for a military survey of the approaches to that city, and was engaged in similar services for the two following years. His winters had been passed in Washington, where, it having been always his father’s wish that he should devote himself to the law, and his own tastes leading him to decide on that profes- sion, he” pursued a course of legal study, and had been admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia shortly before sailing for Europe in 1841. He continued his studies from that time, and in October, 1843, resigned his commission in the United States Army, and commenced the practice of his profession in the city of Baltimore. Reared in the society of public men he at once took part in the political affairs of the State and of the country, se- curing immediate recognition as an able public speaker, and as possessing talents of a high order. He actively participated in the efforts of the Democratic party to carry Maryland in the exciting Presidential campaign of 1844, and the following year was elected to the House of Dele- gates. The finances of the State being at that time in an embarrassed condition, he sustained the Governor in his recommendation of a faithful fulfilment of all obligations, and contributed in no small degree to the passage of laws by which the faith and credit of Maryland were main- tained. He also advocated ably the right of the people to assemble in sovereign convention and alter their Constitu- tion as they might see fit. In the fall of 1847 Mr. McLane 587 was elected to Congress from the Fourth Congressional District of Maryland. He warmly defended the Mexican war policy of the administration, and was soon recognized as a prompt and forcible debater. As Chairman of the Committee on Commerce he rendered efficient service to the commercial interests of Baltimore, and at the close of his second Congressional term, 1851, during which he had been Chairman of that Committee, the Board of Trade of Baltimore City passed resolutions thanking him for his efforts. In the fall of 1849 he was re-elected to Congress by a largely increased majority, and at the expiration of this term proceeded to California, where he remained actively engaged in professional business until the summer of 1852. In the fall of this year he was elected on the Democratic ticket as a Presidential Elector. In the fall of 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce Commis- sioner to China, with the power of a Minister Plenipoten- tiary, and at the same time accredited to Japan, Siam, Corea, and Cochin-China. A naval force being placed by the President subject to his control, he at once set out on this important mission, and arrived at Hong Kong in April, 1854. The account of his services there forms a most interesting chapter in the history of our country. His health suffering during the following summer, and the peculiar attitude which affairs had assumed leading him to consider that the public interests did not longer re- quire him to remain in China, he requested his recall, and a successor being appointed he returned to Baltimore. He represented his Congressional District in the Demo- cratic National Convention which assembled in Cincin- nati in 1856, and in 1859 was appointed by President Bu- chanan Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Mexico, to which he proceeded, and, April 7, 1859, presented his credentials to President Juarez. Affairs in that country were then in a greatly disturbed condition, and Mr. McLane was empowered with au- thority to exercise his own discretion in many important particulars, which he did with great wisdom, and nego- tiated and signed a treaty between the United States and Mexico for the protection of the lives and property of our citizens, when the culmination here of the difficulties between the North and the South satisfied him that further negotiations would be useless, and resigning his mission he returned to his family in Baltimore. He took part in the public discussions, and represented that city in one or more State conventions that assembled in the early months of 1861, adhering with firmness to the opinions and principles he had always advocated. When the Legislature met in May, 1861, he was appointed one of a Commission to proceed to Washington to confer with the President of the United States in reference to what was considered by that body the unconstitutional proceedings of the Federal authorities within the State of Maryland. Upon the report of this Commission, the Legislature formally resolved that it was not expedient for the State to 588 secede, but protested against the prosecution of the war between the States, in which it refused in any way to par- ticipate. In the winter of 1863 Mr. McLane was en- gaged as counsel for the Western Pacific Railroad in San Francisco and New York, and in the course of the two following years visited Europe several times in the per- formance of the duties that attached to that engagement. He was a delegate to the Democratic Convention which met at St. Louis in the summer of 1876 and nominated Samuel J. Tilden as a candidate for the Presidency. In the autumn of 1877 he was elected State Senator for four years from January 1, 1878, and in the important session of that year was one of the leading members. In the fall of 1878 he was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress, which commenced with the special session of 1879, and in which he is still serving. The long experience of Mr. McLane in public affairs and his recognized ability as a leader have placed him in the front rank of the statesmen of his party, and in him Maryland takes a leading position in the great controversies now at issue in the representative halls of the nation. Ws ENLY, Joun R., Major-General of Volunteers and De the highest commissioned volunteer officer of the f State of Maryland during the war, was born in the a city of Baltimore in 1822. His father, Edward Kenly, was descended from an English Presbyterian family that came to America in the latter half of the seventeenth century, and settled in what is now Harford County, Maryland. His mother’s name was Reese, origi- nally spelled Rhys. The family were members of the So- ciety of Friends. They came from Wales to America in 1749, and settled near Baltimore, where they have since resided. Mr. Edward Kenly was a merchant and manu- facturer in Baltimore. His son, John R., received a good education at private schools, after which he entered his father’s counting-house, and remained in his employ until he relinquished business. The son then commenced the study of law with John S. McCulloh, Esq., the law part- ner of the late Hon. James M. Buchanan, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1845. He practiced his profession until the outbreak of the war with Mexico, when he raised a company of volunteers, with which, June 2, 1846, he joined Lieutenant-Colonel William H. Watson’s Battalion of Baltimore Volunteers for twelve months’ service. At an early age he had been a private in the well-known “Eagle Artillery’? of Baltimore, and was afterwards elected a Lieutenant, which rank he held when com- missioned a Captain in Watson’s Battalion. The Battalion sailed from Alexandria on the Potomac River, landing on the Brazos Santiago, near the mouth of the Rio Grande, July 2, 1846, and joining General Taylor’s army marched from the _the Battalion. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Rio Grande, or Bravo del Norte, to Monterey, the capital of the State of New Leon. Captain Kenly took part in the three days’ battles, beginning September 21, which re- sulted in the capture of Monterey. On the fall of Watson he rallied the command and kept it in action until the battle ended for that day. He was especially mentioned for his conduct on that occasion in the report made by Captain James E. Stewart, the then commanding officer of The Baltimore Battalion was subsequently brigaded with General Quitman’s brigade of Tennesseeans and Georgians. Captain Kenly advanced with the brigade to Victoria, the capital of the State of Tamaulipas, where they drove out the enemy and occupied the city. From thence, after guarding the Tula Pass of the Sierra Madre Mountains, he marched with General Twiggs’s division to Tampico. Here the term for which the Battalion had en- listed expired, the command was mustered out of service, and Captain Kenly returned to Baltimore, arriving June 27, 1847. He, however, soon received a commission as Major in a regiment raised in Maryland and the District of Columbia, and in less than a month again sailed from Bal- timore, with a battalion under his command, for Vera Cruz. From thence he marched with his battalion under Colonel Hughes, who had a well-appointed force, and participated in the affairs at the San Juan, E] Paso de Ovejas, and car- ried by assault the fort at the National Bridge over the An- tiqua River. The next service of Major Kenly was in the region known from its insalubrity and heats as the Zierra Caliente, where he remained for several months actively engaged in military operations against the guerillas. Thence he was ordered to Jalapa, where his command was stationed until the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo re- sulted in the proclamation of peace. Taking advantage of the armistice which preceded the formal declaration of peace he visited the city of Mexico, and also all the battle- fields of the Valley of Mexico, in company with and by in- vitation of Major-General Worth. The war being over, he left Vera Cruz with his regiment, June 17, 1848, reached his home in Baltimore July 22, and was honorably dis- charged from the service at Fort McHenry. He resumed the practice of his profession, and in 1850 was nominated by the Whig party as a candidate for Congress in the Fourth Congressional District of Maryland, but: the Democratic candidate was elected. Prior to this he had been nomi- nated by the Whigs of Baltimore as a candidate for the State Legislature, but on this occasion also the Democrats were successful. On January 29, 1850, the following joint resolutions were passed by the General Assembly of Maryland : (No. 12.) RESOLUTIONS IN FAVOR OF MAJOR JOHN R. KENLY. Resolved, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the thanks of his native State are hereby tendered to Major John R. Kenly, late of Maryland and District of Colum- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. bia volunteers attached to the United States Army, for dis- tinguished gallantry displayed in the field during the recent war with Mexico. Resolved, That his Excellency, the Governor, be re- quested to transmit to Major Kenly a copy of the foregoing resolution, duly authenticated. Major Kenly continued the practice of his profession until the breaking out of the civil war in 1861. In April of that year he was busily engaged, with a con- siderable number of the loyal citizens of Baltimore, in forming military companies intended for the support of the Federal Government. His was the central figure in those excited days in the history of Maryland. His services, and those of other loyal men rendered at that critical time, were of the highest importance. It is impossible in a brief sketch like this to go into all the details of that eventful period, with almost every one of which Major Kenly’s name was connected. They belong to the history of the war, and are preserved in the im- perishable records of the country. A full account of the events of this time, and of the history of the regiment which Colonel Kenly commanded, is given in the /%zs- torical Record of the First Maryland Infantry, published at Washington in 1871 by Camper & Kirkley, members of the regiment. Major Kenly was appointed Colonel by President Lincoln, June 11, 1861, and left Baltimore to join his regiment July 16, after being relieved from duty as Provost-Marshal of Baltimore. In the memorable battle of Front Royal, May 23, 1862, nearly the whole of this regiment, after a long and desperate struggle with overpowering numbers, was captured, and Colonel Kenly fell at the head of his column severely wounded. Being unable to travel, and his wounds being very severe, he was released on parole May 31, and returned to his home in Baltimore. He was declared exchanged on August I5. As soon as he was sufficiently recovered, he hastened to Washington, accompanied by Governor Bradford and a few personal friends, for the purpose of effecting the speedy exchange of both officers and men captured at _Front Royal, and who were then suffering all the horrors of Belle Isle and other rebel prisons. He was warmly received by the President and Secretary Stanton, the President emphatically expressing to him his gratitude for the heroic defence he had made of his post. His mission was successful, and by September 17 all the prisoners were released. On August 22, 1862, Colonel Kerily received from President Lincoln the appointment of Brigadier- General of United States Volunteers, his appointment reading, “For gallant conduct at’ the battle of Front Royal.” General Kenly was assigned by order of Major- General Halleck to the command of the Maryland Brigade, which he had organized in pursuance of orders from the War Department. In September, at the time of General Lee’s advance into Maryland, he was placed in 75 589 command of all the troops in Baltimore, excepting those in the forts. At the news of the battle being fought at Antietam, he hastened thither under orders to report to General McClellan, and arrived in time to render impor- tant assistance at Hagerstown. He subsequently com- manded the defences of Harper’s Ferry, and made a rapid march with his brigade to the relief of the Union troops shut up in Clarksburg, West Virginia. In June, 1863, the Maryland Brigade was assigned to the division of Major- General French, and General Kenly marched with it to join Meade’s Army of the Potomac, ex rouce for Gettys- burg. Halting a little beyond the city of Frederick, he received orders to march with the Maryland Brigade and the Seventeenth Indiana Battery to retake Maryland Heights at Harper’s Ferry. This was 4 movement of great importance. General Kenly regained the Heights, surprising the enemy after a forced march. On July 12, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the Third Divi- sion, First Army Corps, and shared the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac until March 25, 1864, when upon the consolidation of the five corps of the army into but three, he.was assigned tu the command of a Military Dis- trict in the Middle Department, and bade adieu to the Maryland Brigade, which he had now commanded for more than a year and a half, and with the First Regiment, of which he tad been in the field for nearly three years. A highly complimentary address, signed by one hundred and five commissioned officers of his late command, was presented to General Kenly, expressing their heartfelt regret at the separation, and conveying to him the assu- rance of their friendship, regard, and respect. In the time intervening to the following September, he commanded the Third Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, a Brigade in the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps, in the Shenandoah Valley and the District of Harper’s Ferry; to June, 1865, the First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, the Dis- trict of Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland. On March 13, 1865, he was breveted Major-General of Volunteers, “for gallant and meritorious services during the war.” He was honorably mustered out of service at the end of the war, August 24, 1865. The General As- sembly of Maryland passed a resolution, March 10, 1862, “ That, without wishing to draw any invidious distinction, the gratitude of the people of Maryland is eminently due to Tolonel John R. Kenly, of the First Maryland Regi- ment, for his early, prompt, and distinguished services in the cause of his country.”” On December 31, 1865, His Honor, John Lee Chapman, Mayor, presented to General Kenly a sword in behalf of the Corporate Authorities of: the city of Baltimore, “ For his distinguished services in defence of the Union during the war of the Rebellion.” Since the close of the war General Kenly has devoted himself to his profession. In 1872 he wrote and published an interesting history of the war with Mexico in 1846-47- 48, under the title of Memoirs of a Maryland Volunteer. 590 s Eo SEED Hon. WILSON, Farmer and Legislator, was born in the city of Baltimore, February 18, " 1829. His parents, Matthias B. and Sarah A. t ' Townsend, were natives of Maryland, and both of English descent. Mr. Townsend received a plain English education, and spent his boyhood on his father’s farm. He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits for many years. In 1857 he furnished ties for the Philadel- phia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, and for some time acted as agent of the road at Stemmer’s Run. He has served as Justice of the Peace, and as School Com- missioner of Baltimore County. In 1877 he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates on the Democratic ticket by a majority of over nineteen hundred. Mr. Town- send has been an earnest friend of the temperance cause all his life. He has been an active member of the Order of Freemasons for fifteen. years. On October 16, 1856, he married Mary L. Robey, daughter of Walter W. Robey, of Prince George’s County, and has three children living. ws LEES, Henry, Leather Manufacturer, was born, a <4 April 12, 1813, at Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, of “e which place his father, Conrad Klees, was also a ¢ native. After receiving as good an education as the schools of his native place could furnish, he» at the age of about twenty years, went to England, where he became engaged in the tanning and currying business, which he pursued for about two anda half years, when he came to this country and settled in Baltimore in 1839. He arrived with but little money, and worked on a railroad for a month, when he procured work at four dollars a week in the tannery of James Carrigan, with whom he continued for ten years, his industry and faithfulness being rewarded by an increase in his wages during that period. In all this time he was greatly aided by his wife, whom he had wedded shortly after settling in Baltimore. At the expiration of the time above mentioned he found himself in possession of two hundred and fifty dollars. He then invested one hundred dollars in sheepskins, which he tanned after sell- ing the wool. Finding that this was a profitable operation he employed a man to help him, and at the end of the first year had in his employ three workmen, and a thousand dollars in his possession, At‘the expiration of five years his working force increased to five men, and his capital to six thousand dollars. In 1855 he lost all he had made by an ~ unfortunate purchase in the line of his business. At the end of about a year and a half, however, he was able to liquidate all his debts, and again began to accumulate money. He added to his business the tanning of goat- skins, and in 1864 bought a sole leather tannery in Fred- erick County, Maryland, where, besides rail and water facilities, he secured many other decided advantages over BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. city tanneries, such as low taxes, abundance and cheapness of bark, cheap labor, etc. The capacity of his tannery is three hundred sides a week, and sixty skilled workmen now find employment under Mr. Klees. In 1865 Mr. Klees associated with him in the business his two sons, John and Henry Klees, Jr., under the firm style of Henry Klees & Sons. John died in 1878, and the present firm is Henry Klees & Son. For twenty-eight years Mr. Klees has prosecuted his business in one locality, No. 15 Saratoga Street. In 1840 he joined the United Brethren Church. In 1844, in connection with Rev. Adam Muller, he or- ganized the German Methodist Church, now situated on Broadway, and from which sprung the six German Metho- dist churches which that city now contains, and which comprise an aggregate membership of over six thousand. Ever since the organization of the Broadway Church Mr. Klees has been officially connected with it, and was the Superintendent of its Sabbath-school for fifteen years. He has six children living, three sons and three daughters, all of whom are married. Mr. Klees is a gentleman of sterling integrity and high moral principle. VWap0ss, EpMuND C., Merchant, was born in Franklin u é County, Pennsylvania. His father, who died in 1835, was William Ross, of the above county, whose father, Adam Ross, came from Ireland in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and set- tled in Pennsylvania. Edmund’s mother was Maria Craw- ford, a native of Franklin County. His granduncle, Wil- liam Ross the elder, was a native of Ireland. He preceded his brother Adam to America, originally settling at Elk- ridge Landing, Howard County, Maryland, and -subse- quently removing to Baltimore, where he established a grocery and variety store at the southeast corner of Market (now Baltimore) Street and Marsh Market Space. This was about the year 1785. In connection with his corner store he conducted another on Market Street, a few doors east of the Space, now known as No. 15 West Baltimore Street, his copartners in the latter establishment being James and Joseph Ross, his nephews. In 1820 William Ross died, aged sixty years, and in 1825 James and Joseph dissolved partnership. After the death of William Ross, the corner store was continued by Benjamin and Adam Ross until 1830; and about this time « partnership was formed under the firm name of Joseph and Adam Ross, which carried on two stores, one fronting on Market and one on Marsh Market Space. In 1846 Edmund C. Ross, who was twelve years of age when he went to Baltimore, started the grocery business at the same stand where he is at present located, No. 15 West Baltimore Street, and has prosecuted the business at one place for a third of a cen- tury. The warehouse he occupies is quite a venerable structure, the date of its erection being 1807. He has al- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ways led a quiet, undemonstrative life, devoting himself to his business, and eschewing politics. His uncle, Benja- min Ross, was quite prominent in political life, and repre- sented his ward in the City Council of Baltimore. The establishment of Mr. Edmund C. Ross may be regarded as the oldest of its kind in Baltimore, continued as it has been by the Ross family for three generations, whose pioneer in America founded it nearly a century ago. During all this long period the Rosses have maintained their commercial integrity and honor. of Frederick and Mary A. (Cover) Smith, was born x in Jefferson County, Virginia, December 20, 1820. q His grandfather, Charles Smith, of Lorraine, at that 4 time a province of France, came over in the French service as sub-lieutenant of Marines under Count Roch- ambeau, and was with the French fleet at Yorktown at the time of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. He returned MITH, Hon. WasHIncTon Aucustus, M.D., son > am to France with the fleet, but, in 1785, came again to the . United States with his wife, and settled in Virginia, where his son Frederick was born. Young W. A. Smith attended the district school till his seventeenth year, when he spent two years at the Winchester Academy, and in 1839 entered the office of the late Professor John R. W. Durbon, M.D., of Baltimore. In the latter part of the same year he ma- triculated in the Medical Department of the Washington University, taking one course,and after two courses in the University of Maryland he graduated M.D. in the class of 1842, having been for the whole time also 9 pupil in the office of Dr. Durbon. His desire was to emigrate to Mexico, and through the influence of friends his commission as Surgeon in the Mexican Army was nearly obtained, when difficulties between the two Governments thwarted his plans, and he finally settled on Taylor’s Island, Dorchester County, which he has ever since made his home. Here, industri- ous and enthusiastic, he soon won many friends and a good practice, and in 1847 married Jane L., eldest daughter of the late Samuel K. Travers, one of the most estimable citi- zens of the county, and connected with some of the oldest and best families of the State. In 1848 he purchased a farm on the island, on which he has since resided, devot- ing himself in the intervals of political service most assidu- ously to his practice and to agriculture, of which he is very fond, and in which he has great success, particularly in his adoption of all the great improvements of the times. In 1849 he was nominated by the Whig party for a seat in the House of Delegates, and was elected without opposi- tion, serving in the session of 1850, made memorable by the passage of the act calling the first Constitutional Convention for remodelling the Constitution of the State. In 1859 he was nominated by the Democratic party for 591 the Legislature, but failed of an election by two votes. He and his wife owned fifty-five slaves, and in the stormy scenes of the war their sympathies were with the South, though they did no more than to express their opinions, and Mr. Smith declares that he would not now restore slavery if he could. In 1864 he was elected by a large majority of the Democrats of his county to the Constitutional Convention of that year, which assembled in April and continued in session until September. It was a time of great excitement, and the debates in that body perhaps were never equalled in the councils of the State. By its acts slavery in the State was abolished, the party to which Mr. Smith belonged being in the minority. In Oc- tober of the same year he was nominated by the Demo- crats to the House of Delegates, and was elected by a very large majority, taking his seat in the session of 1865, and again in 1866. In 1867 he was the nominee of the Demo- cratic party for the State Senate, and received every vote cast in the county for that office. He served with great acceptance to his constituents. In 1871 he was elected by a large majority to the Lower House. The following year .he opposed the nomination of Horace Greeley for the Presidency and gave offence to his party. In 1875 he was induced to run on an independent county ticket, and was elected by a large majority to the Legislature of 1876; was also nominated for the Speakership. He supported Tilden for the Presidency in 1876. In 1877 he was nominated on the opposition ticket for State Senator, but failed of elec- tion by a few votes. Mr. Smith has been nominally con- nected with the Protestant Episcopal Church for many years, and has filled the office of vestryman or warden for the last thirty years. He is now warden of Grace Church on Taylor’s Island, and as lay delegate has a number of times represented Dorchester Parish in the Diocesan Con- vention. His wife died in 1863, leaving him three sons and two daughters, who are now grown. Their namesare Charles D., Anna F., Samuel F., Mary Virginia, and Breckinridge W. Smith. In 1864 Mr. Smith married Mrs, Martha E, Travers, daughter of the late Benjamin Berry, of Prince George’s County. 1743, in Kent County, Maryland. He was the x son of Ebenezer and Sarah (Barney) Perkins, and i the grandson of Daniel and Susannah (Starton) { Perkins. He was a distinguished officer of the Revolutionary Army, enammencing his military service as .Captain in the Fourth Battalion of the “ Flying Camp” of 1776. Hedied in 1794. His son, William Perkins, mar- ried Henrietta Ringgold, daughter of Josias Ringgald, and is now represented by his san, Isaac Perkins, Esq., wha married Elizabeth Wroth, daughter of Levi and Martha Wroth, and resides near Chestertown, 592 YGM-ARY, Hon. Tuomas F., Farmer and State Senator, C the son of George and Asenath (Morgan) Gary, was born in Caroline County, Maryland, Septem- % ber 10, 1821. He attended the common schools of his section till he was sixteen years of age, when he became a clerk in a country store. In this employment he remained two years, after which he was engaged in a mill for another year, and was clerk again for the two years following. At the age of twenty-one he was married to Mrs. Mary Ann Maloney, and entered upon the business of farming. In this he has ever since continued, but has at different times engaged in other kinds of business, in all of which he has been very successful. He has owned and improved a great deal of land, and speculated quite extensively in real estate, and besides his valuable milling and boating interests he conducts a thriving business as a merchant. During the last year he has cleared five hun- dred acres of land. All this enterprise and labor has re- sulted in the accumulation of a very considerable property. He is the owner of twenty-five farms, and pays the heaviest tax of any man in the county. His wife died in 1852, leaving him five children. In 1856 he was again married to Miss Anne G. Kuney, of Sussex County, Dela- ware, and has now seven children living. For many years he has taken a prominent part in the political affairs of his county. In 1850 the new State Constitution made the office of County Clerk elective, and at the first election under that Constitution he was elected to that office, which he held for six years. In 1864 he was a candidate for the State Senate on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by the Union candidate. In 1877 he was elected to the Senate by a plurality of one hundred and sixty votes, having been nominated on an Independent ticket against the regular Democratic ticket, the object of which was to break down the old ring that had long dominated the county. The full success of the effort is shown in the election of Senator Gary by so large a majority. A man of untiring energy and industry, shrewd, far-sighted, and enterprising in business, he exerts a large influence through- out the county both in business and political affairs. He is not a member of any Church, but his sympathies are with the Society of Friends. RSEARCE, JupcEe WILLIAM, was born in that portion gs, of Shrewsbury Parish, Kent County, Maryland, ~* which, between the years 1674 and 1706, was r allotted to Cecil. He was the son of William Pearce, the High Sheriff of Cecil County in 1687, and he represented Cecil in the Legislature of Maryland in the sessions of 1694, 1706, and 1707. He and all his family were Episcopalians, and for nearly or quite two hundred years have been prominent in Church affairs. In 1714 and 1715 he was the presiding Judge of the Kent BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. County Court. He died in March, 1720, and his wife, Isabella Pearce, survived until 1729. His daughter, Isa- bella Pearce, married Colonel William Blay, of Blay’s Range, Kent County, the son of Colonel Edward and Ann Blay, and had a daughter Catharine Blay, who married, July 27, 1722, John Tilden, son of Judge Charles Tilden, and was the mother of Catharine Tilden, who married Gustavus Hanson, son of Judge Frederick and Mary Lowder Hanson. His eldest son, Gideon Pearce, was a vestryman of Shrewsbury Parish in 1714, High Sheriff of Kent County in 1721, and by the act of 1723, chapter 19, entitled, ‘An act for the encouragement of learning and erecting schools in the several counties within this Prov- ince,’ was appointed a visitor of the county school of Kent County. This school, commonly called the “ Free School”? of Chestertown, became the most celebrated seminary of learning in Maryland, and by the act of 1782, chapter 8, was erected and constituted Washington Col- lege. Gideon Pearce died in 1751, leaving his eldest son, James Pearce, who was a vestryman of Shrewsbury Parish in 1756; married, August 17, 1771, Susanna Shannon, and died in 1802, leaving a son, Gideon Pearce, who mar- ried Julia Dick, daughter of Dr. Elisha Cullen Dick, of Alexandria, Virginia, and left a son, the late Hon. James Alfred Pearce, who was born December 14, 1805, and was United States Senator from March 4, 1843, to the day of his death, December 20, 1862. Bc GOVERNOR ROBERT, was born in Prince SAD George’s County, Maryland. On June 29, 1776, x he was elected Captain by the Convention of t Maryland, and served in the Second Battalion of the Maryland Flying Artillery. In 1803 he was elected Governor of Maryland, succeeding Hon. John Francis Mercer, and served until the appointment of his successor, Robert Wright, in 1806. In 1809 he was one of the Maryland Presidential Electors, and voted for James Madison. After the expiration of the gubernatorial term of Hon. Edward Lloyd, he was again in 1811 elected Governor of Maryland, and was succeeded in 1812 by Levin Winder. ‘ 0, ASSEY, Hon. James, Legislator, was born in » “ Greensboro, Caroline County, Maryland, March fro. 5, 1843. He was educated at the Academy in Greensboro and the Maryland Agricultural College in Prince George’s County, and after leaving the last-named institution engaged in farming and merchan- dising. He has served two terms as Town Commissioner of Greensboro. In 1877 he was elected to the House of Oe, _ Delegates on the People’s ticket, receiving the support of members of both parties. Being a firm friend of the tem- perance cause, he was an earnest supporter of the local option measure. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Boos Rev. Davin J., Pastor of the Light Street y Presbyterian Church, Baltimore,was bornat Beale’s ee Mills, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1835. I He is the oldest of a family of five children. His father, Joshua Beale, recently died at the age of eighty-four years. His mother, Milly (Milliken) Beale, is still living at the old homestead. On his father’s side Mr. Beale traces his ancestry to an English Quaker who landed with William Penn ,at New Castle, Delaware, 1682, Ac- cording to a tradition it was through his influence that Penn decided to settle in the Keystone State. His son William was a minister in the Society of Friends, and a son of his, David, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was Judge of the Orphans’ Court for the counties of Mifflin and Cumberland, Pennsylvania. On his mother’s side Mr. Beale is of Scotch extraction. A rigid Presby- terian, she trained him from early childhood in that faith. In his earliest youth he had a strong desire to preach the Gospel, and his education was directed to that end. His preparatory studies were pursued at Tuscarora Academy, Pennsylvania, from which institution he went to Jefferson College in the same State, where he graduated in 1861, ranking among the highest in scholarship in a large class. He studied theology at Princeton, graduating from that seminary in 1864. The same year he received a unani- mous call to the Old Home Church at Middle Tuscarora, of which his parents were members. During his pastorate nearly two hundred members were added to the church, and a new edifice was required under his leadership at Penn Mills. His next pastorate was in connection with the old historic Presbyterian church at St. George’s, Dela- ware. From this church he was called to be Pastor of the Light Street Church, Baltimore, in 1872, with which he is still connected. During the six years of his pastorate in this church its membership has more than doubled. The Sabbath-school is large, numbering five hundred scholars. Mr. Beale’s manner in the pulpit is simple, plain, spiritual, and sympathetic, and he impresses all who listen to him - with his sincerity and firm belief in the doctrines he preaches. His discourses are delivered with earnestness and animation. He lends a willing ear to all, and is un- ceasing in the performance of his ministerial duties. His pastoral labors are not limited by the boundaries of his own parish, but comprise many families not connected with any church. Though wedded to the theology and polity of his Church, he regards all who are the children of Christ as his brethren, and is therefore on the most ami- cable terms with ministers of other denominations, with whom he exchanges frequent courtesies. Of a genial, frank disposition, characterized by a manliness and boldness in adhering to and proclaiming his views, courteous while he is uncompromising where principle is concerned, gen- erous in spirit and in act, he is respected by all classes of the community. On May 2, 1865, he married Miss Mary Moore, of Bellefonte,. Pennsylvania, daughter of 593. Rev. J. Newton Ritner, Pastor of a Baptist church in Philadelphia. He has had six children, all of whom are living. Two of his three brothers are ruling elders in the Presbyterian Church, and his only sister is the wife of a Baptist clergyman in Philadelphia. With the exception of his father, all the members of his family are still living. WON: ARSHALL, Joun, Elocutionist, was born in Bal- s) p s ce timore, May 14, 1848. He attended the public BaP schools of that city until he attained the twelfth a year of his age, when he became engaged in the last manufacturing establishment of his father. He was a diligent student, and availed himself of every op- portunity for self-improvement. At quite an early age he developed literary tastes and aptitudes, which, added to his engaging manners, naturally drew him into intellectual and refined circles. At the age of sixteen years he joined the Everett Institute, the oldest literary institution in Bal- timore, where his elocutionary abilities were first mani- fested, and which were rapidly improved by studious ap-. plication and frequent reunions with gentlemen of fine literary attainments. Shortly before attaining his majority he became a member of the Scott Literary and Musical Circle, which was recognized as ranking higher than any other kindred association in Baltimore on account of its able membership. Mr. Marshall’s superior qualifications soon resulted in his being selected as its President, which position he retained for two years. His readings attracted marked attention, and he was repeatedly urged by compe- tent judges to adopt elocution as a profession. He was, however, exceedingly averse to public exhibitions of his abilities. Influential friends, who were convinced of his eminent fitness for the profession of an eloecutionist, earn- estly pressed him to adopt it, and seek the best possible in- struction to enable him to perfect a mastery of the art. Mr. Marshall finally yielded to the advice of his friends, and decided to secure the most critical opinion of his abilities, and accordingly departed for England in Septem- ber, 1877, his intention being to go to the best elocutionists in London, give them a specimen of his abilities, make a frank statement of his intentions, and abide by their ver- dict, whatever it might be. He first applied to Professor Plumptre, of King’s College, London, and afterwards went to two other leading elocutionists in that city. All three, after a careful and exhaustive trial of his style and methods, declared that he manifested an extraordinary ability for elocution, and strongly advised him to make it his profession, which he then decided to do. He put him- self under the tuition of Professor Plumptre, and devoted himself to the art with such assiduity that in a short time his instructor declared that it was beyond his power to add to the perfection of his style. At the close of his studies he received a letter from Professor Plumptre pronouncing 594 his proficiency in elocution, and referring to his “ mental excellencies of great taste, jadgment, and discrimination,” to which “he unites a fine, full, flexible voice, capable of a very wide range in inflections and modulations, by which he is able at all times to bring out the full meaning of every author.”” Mr. Marshall visited Paris, where he re- mained a number of months, perfecting his knowledge of French and studying his art. He gave a reading in Paris and two readings in London, which were commended by the press in the highest terms. He returned to America in October, 1878, landing in New York, where his arrival was immediately noted by the press, and he received flat- tering social attentions. In that city he placed himself under the instruction of Professor George Vandenhoff, famous for his mastery of the dramatic art, who, after Mr. Marshall had gone through a course under him, gave him a letter recommending him as a competent teacher of elo- cution. This letter was the first that Mr. Vandenhoff, in the course of his forty odd years-of instruction in the art, had ever given to one of his pupils, and it was, therefore, an achievement of which Mr. Marshall had reason to -feel justly proud. Mr. Marshall made his first public appearance after his return to this country before a New York audience, and his success was most decided. The entire press of that city spoke of his recitations in the most eulogistic terms, pronouncing him an accomplished elocutionist in voice, action, expression, and thorough cul- ture. He returned to his native city in February, 1879, gave a public recital, and was received bya refined and critical audience that entirely filled the Academy of Music. This recital fully sustained the reputation he had acquired as an elocutionist abroad and in the metropolis of this country. Mr. Marshall is a close and enthusiastic student, and seems destined, in the face of what he has already achieved, to attain the highest rank in his profes- sion. w=—eANG, THEOpoRE F., Doctor of Dental Surgery, was a ah born, May 8, 1833, near Clarksburg, Harrison a County, Virginia. His father, James Lang, was a t farmer and wagonmaker. Later in life he carried - on milling and merchandising in connection with his farm. Theodore’s mother died when he was three months old. Owing to his early life being spent upon a farm, and the scarcity and remoteness of schools, his opportunities for obtaining an education were very limited. When he was fourteen years of age his father entered into a general merchandise business, and employed him as clerk and sales- man. In sucha position opportunities were presented him for the study of books, and in six years he obtained a com- mon education, the result solely of his own personal exer- tions. In 1853 his father was stricken with paralysis, which rendered necessary the closing up of his business. In 1855 the subject of this sketch opened a store in the vil- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. lage of Bridgeport, Virginia. At this time Dr. Lang, whose Christian name included an additional initial, L., dropped the same as a matter of business convenience, and has ever since signed his name as T. F. Lang. After mer- chandising about two and a half years he abandoned the business owing to the financial panic of 1857. He was un- successful in his trading operations, and hence realized the necessity of securing a profession. He first directed his attention to medicine and surgery, but as there was much in the practice of medicine that was distasteful to him he abandoned the study thereof, and decided upon dentistry as a profession. He attended the sessions of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 1858 and 1859, and returned to his native county, where he practiced dentistry until 1861. On the breaking out of the civil war he was one of the few loyal men intthe town of Clarksburg who openly espoused the cause of the Government, and who were the first in the State to inaugurate the loyal movement which spread through Western Virginia, and ultimately secured thirty-four thousand soldiers for the Union Army and the separation of West Virginia from the parent State. As soon as the tocsin of war was sounded he began recruiting for the general service. In June, 1861 he was mustered as a private into Captain N. A. Shuttleworth’s Company B., Third Virginia Volunteer Infantry. This regiment was, by order from the War Department, made the Sixth Cavalry Regiment in 1863. He served in the field three years and four months; was promoted to First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the same regiment July 12, 1861; to the Majority of same regiment August 1, 1862; and the Brevet- Colonelcy March 13, 1865. He was twice complimented in special orders upon the battle-field by Generals Averell and Hunter, and received a medal from the State of West Virginia. The following notice appeared in the Spring- field (Ohio) Afethodist Protestant, September 14, 1864: “We are glad to learn that that brave and loyal soldier, Major T. F. L. Lang, formerly of the Third Regiment, West Virginia Infantry, but recently of General Averell’s staff, has passed safely through the many perilous campaigns in which he has been engaged, including all of Milroy’s, Fre- mont’s, and Pope’s, in Virginia, and Averell’s cavalry raids among the mountains. Our army may contain more conspicuous officers, but it contains no truer patriot, no braver soldier, no warmer-hearted man than Major Lang. He has done enough hard fighting and seen enough dan- ger and hardship to deserve special promotion; but he has been overlooked, while men of far inferior deserts have been advanced.”’ After the close of the war Dr. Lang es- tablished himself in the practice of his profession in the city of Baltimore, and has been eminently successful, be- ing regarded as one of the most skilful and accomplished dentists in Baltimore. He is an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic, having been Quartermaster- General of the Department of Maryland, and now Com- mander for the second term of Wilson Post, the largest \ \\ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. organization of ex-soldiers in Maryland, and second to but few in the country. From the twenty-second year of his age he has been a member of the Order of Masons, and for several years took an active interest therein. He was a Charter Member and King of a Royal Arch Chapter formed at Clarksburg, and was also a member of the En- campment of Knights Templar at Morgantown, Virginia, December 17, 1857, Dr. Lang married Susan, daughter of Colonel Richard Fowkes, of Clarksburg, Virginia. They have had three children: Richard D., born February 29, 1860; Minnie A., born January 21, 1864; and Stratton McG. Lang, born October 12, 1872. Dr. Lang is ex- ceptionally bland and pleasant in his manners, and enjoys a wide popularity among his numerous acquaintances and associates. He is a gentleman of varied intelligence and mental culture, and is a true representative of the self- taught and self-made man. WaeEE, COLONEL STEPHEN STATES, was born in South Te Carolina, and is descended from an old English a6 family. His great-great-grandfather, Francis Lee, + emigrated to the island of Barbadoes toward the close of the seventeenth century, but being dissatis- fied with the climate he removed early in the eighteenth century to South Carolina. His son, Thomas Lee, was ‘born February 6, 1710, and died August 8, 1769, leaving a large family. His fourth son, Stephen Lee, was born July 21, 1750; he had several sons, the eldest of whom, Paul S. H. Lee, born September 22, 1784, was the father of the subject of this sketch. The family in all its branches have borne well their part in the exciting periods of our country’s history. Several of its members were engaged in the Revolutionary struggle, and Stephen Lee and one of his brothers were for a long time prisoners of war at St. Augustine. Their families were sent to Philadelphia during the occupation of Charleston by the English. During*the exciting period of the Nullification troubles in South Carolina in 1832, the whole family, under the leader- ship of its eldest member, Judge Lee, one of the distin- guished leaders of the Union party, were active in their support of the Union, standing firm with James L. Petti- grew, Hugh S. Legare, Judge Huger, and others; but when the late unfortunate war commenced, all those at the South, although many were Douglas Democrats, sided with their States. Among some seventy members contributed by this family to the Confederate Army may be mentioned General Stephen D. Lee; Colonel Charles Lee, of North Carolina; Colonel P. Lynch Lee, of the Twentieth Ar- kansas; Major Hutson Lee, Chief of the Quartermaster’s Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida; be- sides many officers of less rank, and several surgeons. Colonel Stephen States Lee was educated for the profession of civil engineer, and studied in the office of Mr. Horatio 595 Allen, Chief Engineer of the South Carolina Railroad, one of the first projected in this country. Michael Chevalier was then travelling and making a study of this country. Upon his coming to Charleston, Mr. Allen selected Mr. Lee to ac- company him over the railroad, and to explain to him every- thing connected with the work, then considered such a marvellous enterprise. _In 1835 his sphere of action was changed to the North, being called to take charge of the Providence Division of the New York, Providence and Bos- ton Railroad, as Assistant Engineer under General McNeil and Colonel Whistler, the Chief Engineers, and C. E. Det- mold—his life-long friend—Resident Engineer. Upon the completion of this work he was sent, in the winter of 1836-37, to examine and report upon the projected works in the State of Illinois, with a view to determine the ad- visability of Eastern capitalists contracting to build the roads and deliver them to the State completed, accepting State bonds in payment. Mr. Lee reported that the scheme was inadvisable at that time, and the panic of 1837 soon afterward justified his cautious views on that subject. General McNeil commanded the State troops during the Dorr rebellion in Rhode Island, and appointed Mr. Lee the engineer on his staff, with the rank of Major. Subse- quently he was appointed Aid to Governor Fenner, with the rank of Colonel, and through those exciting times was brought into close connection with the leading men of the State. On the completion of the surveys of the New Bed- ford Railroad, which he made under Colonel Whistler, he was selected Chief Engineer for the construction of the work, under the Presidency of Hon. Joseph Grinnell, Colonel Whistler having been called by the Emperor of Russia to take charge of the great work from St. Peters- burg to Moscow. Mr. Lee called around him the most skilful assistants, but devoted himself personally with un- tiring interest and energy to the work, verifying all impor- tant calculations, and had the satisfaction of receiving the congratulations of the leading railroad men of the country, called together at the opening of the road in 1840, for having built and equipped his railroad within his estimate, and opened it on the day named in his first report—two things which had never before been accomplished. While thus engaged Mr. Lee met and enjoyed the confidence of most of the leading men of Massachusetts. He married, in the last-named year, Sarah F. Mallett, daughter of General E. J. Mallett, a descendant of David Mallett, a Huguenot, who with many others sought refuge in this country after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. General Mallett’s father was an officer in the Revolutionary Army and Com- missary-General for the State of North Carolina with the rank of Colonel. Mrs. Lee’s mother was the daughter of James Fenner, and granddaughter of Arthur Fenner, Gov- ernors of Rhode Island for an aggregate of twenty-eight years. James Fenner was elected Governor the first time on the death of his father. He was then in Washington serving his State as United States Senator during the second 596 term of President Jefferson, and at once resigned his posi- tion and returned home. The Fenners are of old English stock. One of the ancestors was an officer in Cromwell’s army. They came to Rhode Island with Roger Williams, and were granted lands near Providence, with manorial rights and privileges, a part of which land some of their descendants still reside upon and own. A few years after his marriage Mr. Lee gave up his profession and estab- lished himslf in Baltimore, identifying himself with the coal and iron interests of Maryland. At that time the coal- fields of Cumberland were entirely undeveloped, and his house became the agent of the Mount Savage Coal and Iron Company, owned by English capitalists, who com- menced the shipment of coal and the manufacture of iron in 1843. The first cargo of Cumberland coal was sent to the firm of Lee & Co., and by them shipped to the line of steamers, “The President” and the “British Queen.” Soon after the Cunard Line was established, which has been a steady consumer of this coal to the present time. It is now shipped from Baltimore, Georgetown, and Alex- andria to all parts of the country, as well as to South America, Cuba, and Pacific ports, Mr. Lee continuing identified with the interest of this coal-field, which has steadily developed from the beginning. In 1855 he took his two eldest sons to Switzerland to be educated; and again, in 1869, his eldest son being married and settled in the country, he left his business interests in the hands of his second son, his partner, and visited Europe with Mrs. Lee for her health, and for the education of his two younger children. Establishing himself at Tours, in France, on the breaking out of the war between that country and Prussia, he with Colonel Elphinstone, formerly an officer in the English Army, were urged by the English National Society for Aid for the Sick and Wounded in War, to act for the society in that part of France. Mr. Lee accepted the position of Honorary Secretary of the Division whose headquarters were at Tours, and soon after the entire man- agement of that division until the close of the war de- volved upon him, Colonel Elphinstone being appointed Military Correspondent of the London Zimes. The posi- tion of Mr. Lee was important, and in it he had the confi- dence of the officers of both armies. When the German army entered Tours the General in command treated him with the greatest kindness and consideration ; no soldiers were quartered in his house, and no request asked by him for any of the inhabitants of the place was denied, if con- sistent with military necessity. At the close of the war his services were recognized by all parties. The French Re- public conferred upon him the Decoration of the Legion of Honor, the Prussian Government that of the Royal Crown of Prussia, and the Bavarian Government that of the Cross of Merit of Bavaria. Mr. Lee also occupied himself in the charitable work of distributing seeds to the small farmers who had been ruined by the war, and in aiding and advising in the distribution of the American funds BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sent out through the sympathy and generosity of our own countrymen, to the unfortunate people whose homes had been made desolate. He received letters of thanks from the authorities of Orleans and a large number of the Com- munes in the Valley of the Loire, and from the leading people of Touraine a most beautiful testimonial in the form of a magnificent volume of the history and monuments of Touraine. In 1877 he brought his family home. They are now occupying their handsome establishment on the corner of Charles Street and Boundary Avenue, where he lives surrounded by his children and grandchildren, and en- joying the sincere affection and respect of the community. ar EE, CoLONEL JAMES FENNER, State Senator of Mary- 7 eG land, was born in Providence, Rhode Island, July ™* 9, 1843. He is the eldest living son of Stephen o> S. and Sarah F, (Mallett) Lee, who removed to Bal- timore in the year of his birth. In that city he was placed under the instruction of the best masters, and in 1855 was sent to Europe, where he was for several years in one of the first schools of Switzerland. He completed his collegiate studies in Paris at the Lycée St. Louis, and after having travelled over the Continent returned to Balti- more. There he entered as a law student the office of Brown & Brune, and before applying for admission to the bar spent a term at the Law School of Harvard University. In 1866° he married Mrs. Albert Carroll, daughter of William George Read, Esq., and granddaughter of Colonel John Eager Howard. On this event his parents presented him with a farm in Carroll County, and he decided to devote himself to agricultural pursuits as soon as he could dispose of his law business and complete the third volume of the Maryland Digest, which he had, in conjunction with his friend, Jacob J. Cohen, undertaken to publish. Having in time accomplished this and settled upon his farm, he soon became identified with and earnest in the promotion of every material interest of his county. Ina short time such was his popularity that he was constantly chosen to represent the interests of his district in the Democratic county con- ventions, and frequently selected by them to represent his county in the State conventions. In 1874 he was ap- pointed as Aide-de-camp to Governor Groome, with rank of Colonel. Colonel Lee was in 1876 nominated for the office of State Senator by the Democratic party of his county, and elected after a most active and exciting cam- paign. In the Senate he was made Chairman of the Joint Committee on Printing, and did good service to the State by reducing the expenditures for the same $20,000. This position he retained in the second session of the Legisla- ture, in which he was equally successful in his efforts to secure economy in that department. At the assembling of the Senate he was,unanimously chosen President of the temporary organization, and was invariably during the ab- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sence of Colonel Lloyd—the permanent President—elected to fill that office. It was mainly through the efforts of Colonel Lee that the endowment of twenty-six free scholar- ships was obtained from the State for the Western Mary- land College, situated in the county which he represented. Colonel Lee has four children: Arthur F. Lee, Sarah Lee, J. Fenner Lee, Jr., and Sophia Howard Lee. VY LDES: MARMADUKE, of Great Oak Manor, Kent J HS County, Maryland, came to Kent at an early y period, and died in September, 1671, leaving three a sons, viz., Marmaduke, Charles, and John Tilden. His eldest son, Marmaduke Tilden, owned at one time thirty-one thousand three hundred and fifty acres of land, married Rebecca Wilmer, daughter of Lambert and Ann Wilmer, died June 20, 1726, and had a daughter, Wealthy Ann Tilden, who married and has descendants now living, one of whom is James Hodges, Esq., of Balti- more. His second son, Judge Charles Tilden, a distin- guished member of the first vestry of St. Paul’s Parish, was upon the bench of Kent County for many years, and has descendants now living, one of whom is Colonel Géorge A. Hanson, of Chestertown. His great-grandson, Dr. William Blay Tilden, was one of the wealthiest and most prominent vestrymen of Shrewsbury Parish in 1769, and is represented by living descendants, viz., Charles Tilden Westcott, Esq., of Chestertown, and John W. Jones, Esq., of Philadelphia, at one time Vice-President of the Phila- delphia and Reading Railroad. ote! EE, JuLian Henry, Merchant, of Baltimore, is the 3 second living son—their eldest child having died a in infancy—of Stephen S. and Sarah F. (Mallett) z Lee, and was born in Baltimore, November 2, 1845. { His primary education was carefully conducted in his native city, and at the age of ten he was taken to Europe with his elder brother, and placed in the famous Pension Bellevive, in Switzerland, then under the management of Monsieur Edouard Sillig. Here he spent four years, when, having mastered the French language, he returned to this country and completed his studies at the Rev. Dr. Dal- rymple’s college in Baltimore. He then, in the year 1861, entered his father’s office, and in a short time so familiar- ized himself with all the details of the business, developing so much energy, good judgment, and skill in the manage- ment of several important transactions, that he was at a very early age admitted as a partner in the profits of the business. Shortly after this his mother’s health failed, and his father spent some years with her in Europe, leaving to him the entire responsibility of the large establishment, and also the management of his mother’s estate, of which he had been appointed trustee in the place of Mr. Tilling- 76 597 hurst, who resided in Rhode Island. Both of these im- portant trusts he discharged to the entire satisfaction of all the interested parties. Mr. Lee is still in business with his father, enjoying the full confidence and esteem of the busi- ness community. From his earliest manhood he has been identified with the development and management of all the successful associations devoted to open-air sports which have been organized by the leading young men of the city. He has been Captain and President of the Ariel Boating Club, President of the Baltimore Cricket Club, Vice-Presi- dent of the American National Cricket Association, and President of the Baltimore Athletic Club. Mr. Lee was married in 1873 to Elizabeth D., daughter of James W. Tyson, of Baltimore County. They have three children: Elizabeth, Stephen States, and Guillielma. He belongs to the parish of St. Paul’s Episcopal Church, with the work of which he has been for a long time identified as Sunday- school teacher and as a visitor to the sick and needy. He is at all times a ready contributor to its charities. ON () fiAN BIBBER, WasHINGTON CHEW, M.D., was es born in Frederick, now Carroll County, Mary- an land, July 24, 1824. At the age of seven years a he was placed at a school in Little York, Pennsyl- vania, which was subsequently known as Marshall College. After remaining there two ‘years he entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he pur- sued his studies for a year, and then went to Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburgh, Maryland, where he re- mained for two years, at the expiration of which time he entered Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Washington County, Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1840 with the degree of A.B. After graduating he removed to Baltimore, where he commenced the study of medicine in the office of the late Professor Nathan R. Smith. He matriculated at the University of Maryland in the fall of 1841, and graduated therefrom with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1845. He then went to Grand Gulf, Mississippi, where, however, he remained but for a brief period, and then located in New Orleans, Louisi- ana. In that city he spent the memorable summer of 1845; the yellow fever was devastating the place, its ravages only being equalled by the epidemic of the same disease which afflicted the Crescent City in 1853. There he had abundant opportunity of studying the nature, phe- nomena and mode of treatment of that malignant malady, being brought into frequent personal relation with it, both in private practice and in the Charity Hospital. On leav- ing New Orleans he was placed in professional charge of a party of ladies and gentlemen of Maryland, with whom he returned to that State. In 1846 he established himself in the practice of his profession in Baltimore, which he has been actively and uninterruptedly pursuing ever since. 598 In 1852 and 1853 Dr. Van Bibber served as physician to the Baltimore County Almshouse. He has been for many years physician to various institutions of a benevo- lent and humanitarian character, such as Christ Church Asylum, Home of the Friendless, St. Mary’s Seminary, Notre Dame Convent, etc. He isa member of the Medico- Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and was for some time its Secretary; was one of the founders in 1852 of the Baltimore Pathological Society, acted as its Secretary for seven years ; also served as its President, and represented it in the American Medical Association. The doctor has contributed many valuable articles on medical science, and was from 1856 to 1859 an Associate Editor of the Virginia Medical Fournal, and from 1859 to 1861 was Associate Editor of the Afaryland and Virginia Medical Journal. His father was Washington Van Bibber, a native of Baltimore, and at one time an extensive farmer in Carroll County. He participated in the defence of Baltimore in 1814. His grandfather, Isaac Van Bibber, was a native of Bohemia Manor, Cecil County, Mary- land. He was a famous sea captain and voyageur, owning the ship which he commanded. The shipping firm of Isaac and Abraham Van Bibber, of Baltimore, which was well known in its day, he was the senior partner of. The Van Bibbers were an ancient Hollandise family, its pro- genitor in this country being a Captain Isaac Van Bibber, a native of Amsterdam, and who came to America in com- mand of a vessel belonging to Lord Baltimore’s fleet, and settled in Cecil County. The doctor’s mother was Lu- cretia Emory, daughter of Thomas Lane Emory, farmer, of Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. His grandmother on the maternal side, was a Hebb, and his grandmother on the paternal side was of the old and respectable Chew family of Philadelphia. Dr. Van Bibber married in 1848 Miss Josephine Chatard, youngest daughter of the late Dr. Peter Chatard, an eminent physician of Baltimore. He has five children, two sons and three daughters. The former are talented and accomplished physicians, and are associated with their father in practice. The elder, Dr. John P. Van Bibber, graduated at the Maryland University in 1871; and his brother, Dr. Claude Van Bibber, gradu- ated therefrom in 1877. Carefully eschewing all public or political station, Dr, Van Bibber has been wedded to his profession, in which he has gained an eminence that places him alongside of the best and most honored of its members, the Smiths, Miltenbergers, Chews, Chatards, Bucklus, and others, who have shed a lustre upon their noble vocation. : i) “AICKERS, Hon. GEorGE, Ex-United States Senator, e was born in Chestertown, Maryland, November 19, 1801. He was the only surviving child of James and Ann Vickers, the former of whom died suddenly in 1818, and the latter in 1827. The les- sons impressed on his mind by his mother influenced BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. him through life. He grew up strictly moral and with a great respect for sacred things. He was educated at Wash- ington College, and at the age of sixteen entered the office of the county clerk. In two years he was promoted to the first clerkship in the office. While thus engaged he pre- pared himself for the legal profession, pursuing his studies so privately that his admission to the bar in 1832 was a great surprise to his friends. A great compliment was paid him by the examiners, who had so well understood his character from childhood as to propose to omit the exami- nation, since he would not have made application unless fully qualified. The following year he opened an office in Chestertown, devoting himself exclusively to his profession, and in time obtained the largest practice at the Kent bar. In 1836 he was elected as a Whig one of the two electors of the Senatorial College of Maryland, receiving the high- est number of votes in each election district. The great difficulties that arose in the State Senate of that year were mainly adjusted by the interposition of Mr. Vickers. After this he confined himself strictly to his profession, being very decidedly opposed to all office-seeking. In 1861, without any previous intimation, he was commissioned by Governor Hicks as Major-General of Militia for the Eastern Shore, and being solicited to accept by deputations from two mili- tary companies in his town, and by a written request from a number of citizens, he yielded to their wishes. He was opposed to secession, and used his influence to keep Mary- land in the Union. Still he was very conservative. He declined the offer of a judgeship tendered him by Gover- nors Hicks and Bradford. In 1864 he was without his knowledge put on the electoral ticket for the election of General McClellan, and made speeches at various public meetings. In 1865 he was elected to the Senate of Mary- land, and served the two following years. During the last he was Chairman of the Committee on Judicial Proceed- ings, and not one bill was left unreported. In 1866 he was one of the Vice-Presidents of the great Union Convention which met in Philadelphia. Early in March, 1868, he was, most unexpectedly to himself, elected to the United States ‘Senate for five years, and took his seat the third day after the commencement of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, for whose acquittal he voted. While in the Senate he served on several important committees, and made many speeches and reports. On returning to private life he re- sumed the practice of his profession, in which he is still engaged, having by care and prudence preserved his health, and preserving the appearance and vivacity of a man twenty years younger. When quite a young man Mr. Vickers made many temperance addresses and did much to advance the cause. He united with the Methodist Protestant Church in 1848, in which communion he still continues, and is very benevolent. Mr. Vickers has been heard to say that in the course of his life he has read the Bible through ten times, and the New Testament twenty times, besides promiscuous reading of the sacred chapters almost daily. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He donated to the people of his town a few years since about three acres of land for a cemetery, which is now one of the most beautiful in the county. He has always been very active in every enterprise for the improvement of his locality. He was the first President of the Kent County Rail- road Company, and so continued tili the road was built and put in operation. He was married in 1826 to Mary, eldest daughter of James and Ann Mansfield, and has lived to enjoy his golden wedding. Only four of their eleven children, two sons and two daughters, now survive. eam 9 Kh WeUGER, GENERAL BENJAMIN, Senior Major-General a . of the Confederate States Army, was born in Sumter, South Carolina, in 1805. He graduated Oo at West Point in 1825, and was assigned to the Third Artillery in Florida. In 1834 he was one of three artillery officers to visit Russia and France, consti- tuting a commission appointed by the United States Gov- ernment to study artillery tactics in those countries. The result was the organization during the ensuing year of the Ordnance Corps of the United States Army, in which Huger was made a Captain, On the establishment of the Ordnance Arsenal at Old Point Comfort in 1836, he was assigned to its command, retaining the same for several years. In the Mexican war he was Chief of Artillery under Major-General Scott. He served throughout the war, and received three brevets for gallant and meritorious conduct. After the close of hostilities with Mexico, he was made Superintendent of the United States Armory at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, continuing as such until 1855. He was then appointed Chief of Artillery and Ordnance, with his headquarters at Pikesville Arsenal, Maryland, and was stationed there when the civil war broke out, when he immediately resigned his commission in the United States Army, and after a brief connection as an officer with the Fifth Maryland Regiment (about the time of April 19, 1861, difficulties) repaired to Richmond, and offered his services to the Governor of Virginia, He was appointed Brigadier-General in the Virginia State Service, and assigned to the department of Norfolk. On the or- ganization of the regular Confederate Army he was made Major-General therein, and retained the command at Nor- folk until ordered by General Joseph E. Johnston to evac- uate that position and repair to Richmond. He partici- pated in the various battles around Richmond, in the “Seven Days’ Fight,” and was afterwards relieved and transferred to the department of the Trans-Mississippi, where he remained until the end of the war, He then went to South Carolina and abided for about a year, when he bought a farm in Fauquier County, Virginia, upon which he resided. The General died, December 7, 1877, whilst on a visit to his native State, His wife was Celes- tine Pinckney, daughter af Colone] Thomas Pinckney, of 599 South Corolina, and granddaughter of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of Revolutionary fame, and who was at one time Minister to Great Britain, He was the author of the celebrated expression, “ Millions for defence and not one penny for tribute.” General Huger’s father, Colonel Francis Kinlach Huger, was a native of South Carolina, He was a student of Sir John Hunter, the eminent surgeon of England, and took the degree of M.D. Whilst a student, he, with a classmate named Bollman, went to Olmiitz, Austria, to effect the release of the Marquis Lafayette, who was imprisoned for political offences. Lafayette was rescued, and succeeded with Bollman in getting on a sea-bound vessel. Huger was apprehended and imprisoned for a year, when he was ran- somed at a large price. He returned to America just prior to the war of 1812 with Great Britain. He entered the American service, and became Aide-de-camp to General Ferguson of the Army of the South, He was afterwards promoted to a Colonelcy, and served with bravery and dis- tinction throughout the war. The grandfather of General Huger, Daniel Huger, was a native of France, which he left on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and came to America, settling on the Cooper River, South Carolina, The General had five children: Benjamin Huger, who was on the United States Coast Survey when our civil war broke out, when he entered the Confederate service as Adjutant-General to his father; Eustis Huger, who was a Lieutenant in the United States Navy, but entered the ser- vice of the Confederacy immediately upon the outbreak of hostilities as Captain of artillery, serving throughout the war, and participating in the principal battles. He is liv- ing in Baltimore, but also attends to his extensive planting interests in Virginia. Frank Huger, another son, was Lieutenant in the Third United States Infantry, and en- tered, April, 1861, the Confederate States Army as Captain of artillery. He rose to the rank of Colonel in Long- street’s Corps. He is now Master of Transportation and Acting Superintendent of the Virginia and Tennessee Air Line Railroad, of which another brother, Thomas Pinck- ney, who was a Lieutenant in the United States Army, is the General Agent, with his headquarters in New York, i WENDEL, Iron Bridge Inventor, and Ex- SA Master of Road and Bridge-builder of the Balti- 5G more and Ohio Railroad, was born in Baltimore, “Y January 21,1814. His father, Thomas Bollman, was born in Bremen, May 28, 1775, and came to Balti- more about 1778 or ’79. He was a baker, and assisted in the defence of the city in 1814. His death occurred April 17, 1819, when Wendel was only five years old. His mother, whose maiden name was Ann Barbara Rabb, was born in Weissenbach, September 20, 1786; came to Baltimore, January 1, 1800; was married, April 16, 1805 ; and died, January 30, 1866, aged seventy-nine years. Her 600 father, Adam Gottlieb Rabb, kept the German Lutheran day-school connected with Zion Church, on Gay Street, and was organist of the church. Her mother was Magda- lena Schaefer, of Weissenbach. Their children were: William, born August 3, 1806, died August 2, 1807; Mary Ann, born November 5, 1807, deceased ; Ann Catharine, born January 11, 1809, died October 1, 1860; George, born June 14, 1810, died September, 1810; Ann Marga- retta and John Thomas (twins), born August 30, 1811, the former of whom is the widow of William McKimmell, the latter died in New Orleans, October 17, 1835; Wendel, the subject of this sketch, date of birth before given; and Andrew Rohr, born February 19, 1816, and died October 14, 1853; so that of the eight children, Margaretta and Wen- del are the only survivors. Wendel attended Bassford’s free school on Calvert Street, and a private school for a brief period. His education, however, is mainly self-acquired. On the death of his father his mother was left very poor, and having six children to provide for, endeavored to do so by keeping boarders. In 1824 Frederick F. Springer and Albert Koster, who boarded with Wendel’s mother, formed a copartnership and entered into the drug and apoth- ecary business at Shepherdstown, Virginia. In less than a year thereafter an opportunity occurred at Harper’s Ferry to establish a branch of their business there, Mr. Springer taking charge at the Ferry and Mr. Koster remaining at Shepherdstown. They now required additional help, and as Mr. Springer, who liked Wendel as a boy, had told him when leaving Baltimore for Virginia, that if successful in business he would send for him, he wrote to his mother asking her consent to let Wendel come to him, promising to educate and care for him, giving him his choice of Shepherdstown or Harper’s Ferry as a home. He went to Shepherdstown first, and liking the place resolved to remain there. Mr. Koster had married a most accomplished daughter of Dr. Rich of that place. Wendel found in this lady all the kindness and care of a mother. She be- came his teacher, giving him morning and evening lessons, and in six months she had taught him the English and Latin name of every drug, tincture, and compound in the store. She wrote prescriptions in Latin, and instructed him in the form of putting them up, watching him closely to see that he made no mistakes in the medicine or the weights. Unfortunately, he had but nine months of train- ing when she died. Mr. Koster, after her death, dissolved partnership and returned to Baltimore. Wendel then went to Mr. Springer at Harper’s Ferry, who, though more ex- acting than Mr. Koster, treated him very kindly. He had been there but one year when he was taken with chills and fever, from which he found it impossible to free himself. He, therefore, returned to Baltimore, in the hope that a change of location might be of. benefit to him. He went to the residence of an uncle on Gay Street, whose oppo- site neighbor was Dr. Henzie, his uncle’s family physi- cian. The doctor, satisfying himself of Wendel’s ability BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in putting up prescriptions, proposed that he should remain in his office and employment, and he would cure him for nothing. Dropsy of the chest had also set in, but in three months the doctor had completed his cure. On July 4, 1828, he was able to take part with the boys in the proces- sion in laying the corner-stone of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The following week he entered as an appren- tice with Mr. Pain Holland to learn the carpenter busi- ness, After building two small houses Mr. Holland’s work slacked off, and he had nothing more to do. Wen- del then turned his ‘attention to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. That company was about laying the track from Pratt Street to the Carrollton bridge, over Gwynn’s Falls, through Mount Clare property. He went there, and ap- proaching an engineer who was giving directions about the work, he inquired if more hands were wanted. The engineer thought he was almost too light for the work, but inquired what he could do. Wendel said he had been four months at the carpenter trade, that work had failed, and that he could handle the saw, hatchet, and jack-plane. The engineer was Lieutenant George W. Whistler, but Wendel did not know it at the time. He was referred to Mr. John Ready, boss carpenter, who employed him at sixty-two and a half cents per day at notching cross-ties. The next day Lieutenant Whistler gave him two hundred stakes to make for the final line and level for the track, The following morning the Lieutenant said: “I want to see if you can drive those stakes you have made, and I want you to go with the en- gineers and do whatever they direct.””, This Wendel con- sidered promotion, and he determined to do everything he could to please them; to be always on time and to move quickly. The Lieutenant took notice of his spirit and action, and the second week paid him off at seventy-five cents per day. This change promoted him to “ rodman” when required. He considered it to be great promotion, and thought he could soon learn to use the instrument. This brought him to the commencement of laying track in the fall of 1829. The carpenters detailed for this purpose were John Ready, Superintendent; Thomas McMachen, Foreman ; Alfred Ray, Nicholas Ridgely, Silas Ficket, and Wendel Bollman. These all participated in laying the first cross-tie, stringer, and iron rail on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Mr. Latrobe promised him he should par- ticipate in laying the last, but this he had not the pleasure of doing, as his presence was required on the eastern end of the road. After the track was laid from Pratt Street to Gwynn’s Falls bridge he remained on the road until the spring of 1830. His mother was anxious he should learn the carpenter business; he therefore ap- plied to Mr. John Coats, an old friend of his mother, and after being with him less than a year Mr. Coats en- tered into partnership with Cool & Randall in the lum- ber business, and retired from carpentering, at the same time procuring for Wendel a place with John and Valen- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, tine Dushane to finish learning his trade. Having finished his apprenticeship, he worked for a few months as a jour- neyman, and then with several other carpenters he went to Natchez, where he assisted in the erection of a mansion for a planter. He returned to Baltimore in the spring of 1837 and commenced business on his ownaccount. While engaged in buildinga house at Harper’s Ferry for a son of Bishop Waugh, he was invited by Mr. James Murray, Engineer of the Road Department on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, to act as Foreman of Bridges on that road, and to rebuild the wooden bridge at the Ferry. That was the beginning of a successful career with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. From that time he con- tinued to work on the road, and in due time, by gradual promotion,—ever proving himself a master workman,—was intrusted with responsibilities in connection with its me- chanical departments under the able engineers in charge of the work. Showing at every opportunity a great apt- ness for the higher range of his trade, and applying him- self toa deep study of the principles of mechanical en- gineering, he soon became a valuable member of the corps of brain-workers whose labors have made that great road the admiration of the country and the source of immense wealth to the city of Baltimore, Still advancing, he next became the “ Master of Road;”’ intrusted with the entire care and management of its tracks, buildings, bridges, and all other stationary structures. In this enlarged sphere he became an inventor, and his name grew to be known Yet he continued his labors with the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad; and though often tempted to assume a still wider field for his fame, or to yield to more inviting prospects of personal rewards, he remained with the road until 1858, a period of eighteen years, on his sec- ond engagement. He had, however, seen it beautified and guarded against dangers incident to other structures by many of his own most excellent works before he dissolved his connection with it. But, at last, his fame having spread over other lands, he was called to perpetuate it in South America, Mexico, and Cuba, So strongly did the history of Mr, Bollman appeal to the personal pride of the three thousand employés of the company, that they resolved on presenting him with a magnificent service of plate and a massive gold watch and chain. Accordingly, within a few months after his retirement, as soon as they could be finished after the elaborate designs furnished, he was in- vited to meet his friends having the matter of presentation in charge at the Revere House in Cumberland, Maryland, on Thursday, February 10, 1859. As many of the em- ployés of the road as could be spared—to the number of about two thousand—flocked to that city. The spacious parlors of the hotel were thronged with spectators, includ- ing many ladies. At the appointed time, A. Diffey, Esq., Supervisor of the Eastern Division of the road, accompa- nied by Mr, Bollman and the Committee of Arrangements, took their position at the head of the table containing the among men, 601 gifts, and in fitting words, in which Mr. Diffey briefly re- viewed the history of Mr. Bollman from his first act as an apprentice boy, in connection with laying the first cross- tie, until the occasion which then called them together, he presented the several articles for his acceptance as an ex- pression of the sincere regard entertained for him by the thousands of employés in the company’s service, both in a professional and personal sense. Mr. Bollman followed with a reply replete with hearty encomiums on the many, who in their respective spheres had aided in the achieve- ment of that grand enterprise. After this a sumptuous banquet was partaken of by about one hundred and forty persons. The entire expenses of the entertainment, in- cluding the passage fare of the invited guests, were de- frayed by the committee. The service of plate consisted of ten pieces, comprising a coffee urn thirty inches in height, water pitcher, coffee pot, tea pot, water pot, sugar bowl, cream pitcher, slop bowl, and two waiters, The watch Was a magnificent gold chronometer, with a massive gold chain six feet long. The whole costing three thou- sand dollars, During his connection with the road, in ad- dition to many wooden bridges, Mr. Bollman designed and superintended the construction of the following iron bridg- ing: Two at Elysville, one each at Monocacy, Marnotts- ville, North Branch, and Winchester span of the Harper’s Ferry bridge, on the main stem, and the Savage and Bla- densburg bridges on the Washington Branch. Of these, the Monocacy and Winchester spans and part of the North Branch were destroyed by the Confederates during the war, and were rebuilt by the railroad company from draw- ings furnished by Mr, Bollman. He has furnished the plans and superintended the construction of nearly two hundred spans of bridges on the main stem. Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq., Chief Engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Pittsburg and Connellsville Railroad, said that “‘ Mr, Bollman has the credit of being the first successful iron bridge-builder in this country.”’ His bridge was patented in 1852, and renewed .in 1866, After his withdrawal from the service of the railroad company, Mr. Bollman formed a copartnership, in 1858, with John H. Tegmeyer and James Clark, under the firm name of W. Bollman & Company, which continued until 1863, when the firm was dissolved, Mr, Bollman has since conducted the business in his own name at Canton. In consequence of the war, the company suspended operations from 1861 to ’63. During that copartnership the firm built two large iron bridges in Chili, South America, One of these con- tained four spans of one hundred and fifteen feet each, over the Angostura River; the other, one span, over the Paine River, They built several bridges in Cuba, All of the bridges over the large streams and several over the smaller, including the bridges and iron station-house at Giiines, on the Havana Railroad, and the bridges for the Cienfuegos Railroad, the Cardinas Railroad, and the Ha- vana and Matanzas Railroad, were constructed by them. 602 Since the dissolution of the firm, Mr, Bollman designed and constructed for the Havana Railroad an iron trestle- work, which was composed of hollow wrought-iron col- umns, with cast-iron bases and caps; being the first of the kind made after that manner. The wrought-iron columns used were seven inches diameter, five-eighths inch thick, which cost ten dollars per lineal foot. They were made ex- pressly for the purpose by Morris, Tasker & Co., of Phila- delphia. No wrought-iron segment columns were then known. Afterward Mr, Bollmari gave his views to Mr. Reeves of the Phoenix Iron Works of Philadelphia, from which that gentleman invented the wrought-iron segment column, now forming an important feature in wrought- iron viaduct and truss-bridge construction. Mr, Reeves, alluding to this important improvement, stated that if “Mr. Bollman was not the father of the invention, he might be considered the grandfather.’’ In 1863 or ’64 he designed the Pivot Drawbridge at Clinton, Iowa, over the Mississippi River, built by the Detroit Bridge and Iron Works Company. iron bridge on record, being over three hundred and sixty feet long. About the same time he built a bridge for the Vera Cruz and Jucaro Railroad in Mexico, the span being one hundred and fifteen feet. It was the first iron bridge in that country. The present Harper’s Ferry iron bridge is a marvel of skill and beauty. It was built under Mr. Bollman’s supervison in 1864. It contains in all eight spans and is over one thousand feet long. The track en- ters the bridge on span number eight on the Maryland side, with a curve to the left of three hundred feet radius, and terminates on next span (number seven),and from there the track is straight on numbers five, four, and three spans, to what is called the wide span, or number two. On the east end of the wide span a three hundred feet radius Curve commences, curving to the right, passing over the entire length, and entering what is called the Virginia curve span, number one, forming one of the arms of the letter Y. The left arm has the Winchester track, connecting at the east end of the wide span, pass- ing over the entire length, and entering what is known as the Winchester span, On the wide span there are two railroad tracks, with a county road crossing the curved track, which made it difficult to construct. To accommodate this travel, the west end of wide span, num- ber two, is made seventy-five feet wide, and the east end thirty-five feet wide. It is the only bridge of the kind in its construction and formation known, being the wonder and admiration of both American and European engineers, and will long stand to attest the inventor’s superior skill and knowledge of the equilibrium of forces, Mr. Bollman also built, in 1867 and 1868, two large bridges over the Cape Fear River for the Wilmington Rail- way Bridge Company of North Carolina, containing about two and a quarter miles of wooden trestle-work between the two bridges. That on the northeast of Cape Fear It was at that time the longest pivot - BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. contains four spans: two of one hundred and forty-six and a half feet each, one of one hundred and sixty-four feet, and one pivot draw span of one hundred and fifty feet, The northwest bridge contains one span of two hundred and seventeen feet, with a pivot draw span of one hundred and fifty feet. These bridges are built on cast-iron cylin- ders six and eight feet in diameter, the draws resting on cast-iron cylinders fourteen feet in diameter, the largest then known. The cylinders were sunk by the pneumatic process from sixty-five to eighty feet in depth, and in water from twenty to fifty-three feet deep. The cylinders sunk eighty feet was the greatest depth known to be made by the pneumatic process at the time of this construction, The process of sinking was watched day and night by Mr, Bollman with a father’s care, as he found at the depth of seventy feet the pressure of air used in the cylinder com- mence to tax the constitution of the men, and great watch- fulness and care were necessary. And it is said that the ten cylinders were sunk and filled with masonry without the loss of life or injury to a single man employed on the works, This contract amounted to about four hundred and eighty thousand dollars, and was completed in eighteen months. These, together with the iron dome on the Balti- more City Hall, will long stand as monuments of the in- ventive skill and mechanical genius of Wendel Bollman, He has also constructed scores of smaller bridges through- out the country, Early and late Mr. Bollman devotes much time to studies in engineering. His collection of works on that particular branch is very complete. He is emphatically the workingmen’s friend, and has been liberal towards them. He is never more happy than when he has a weekly pay roll of one thousand or fifteen hundred dol- lars. He is not a member of any church, but has a pew in Dr, Barclay’s English Lutheran Church. He is gener- ous in his contributions to all religious denominations and benevolent associations. He has never had time to accept of any political or public position, save that he served for a time as a member of the Water Works Board, and President of the Western Maryland Railroad Company. He was active some years ago in the Reform movement in Baltimore ; but he has always rather avoided than courted public notoriety, He has only consented to the publica- tion of this sketch with the hope that the record of success attendant upon his perseverance and integrity may be an incentive to young men starting out in life to fix their aims high, and then resolve to reach them, not by intrigue and chicanery, or political demagoguism, but ‘ by patient con- tinuiance in well-doing.”” Early in life, just after complet- ing his apprenticeship, Mr, Bollman married Ann Catharine Smith, a most estimable lady; she died in 1869, They had ten children, three only of whom are living: his son, John W., a draughtsman and constructing engineer at the factory, who married Mary H. De Mangin; Jacob M., Superintendent at the works, who married Louisa C, Brunt; and Annie M. His youngest daughter, Mary BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Elizabeth, deceased, married E, D, Miller, who has charge of the financial department, Thomas Smith Bollman was born December z, 1852, and died March 10, 1874. He attracted-the attention of the leading engineers in this county by his superior ability and knowledge in civil engi- neering, and had he lived would no doubt have made for himself a lasting reputation. He more particularly in- herited his father’s ability and ingenuity in civil and con- structing engineering. The other children died in early life, Gy vrorcon ot AnpreEw F., Editor and one of the § Proprietors of the Balemorean, was born in Rich- mond, Virginia, March 13, 1824. His father was i Ralph Crutchfield, a.native of Hanover County, Vir- ginia, but for the greater portion of his life a citizen and prominent merchant of Richmond; and his mother was Mary Ann Williams, a native of New Kent County, Virginia, Andrew’s youth was spent in his native city, where he receiyed an excellent education, He pursued his studies in Walford’s Academy for five years, after which he determined to learn the printing trade. His first en- gagement was in the office of the Richmond Christian Ad- vocate, where, under the late Dr, William A. Smith, Metho- dist minister, he rapidly acquired a knowledge of “the art preservative of all arts.” At the expiration of three years after the commencement of his apprenticeship Dr, Smith was transferred to the Presidency of Randolph Macon College, and the Rev. Dr. Leroy M. Lee, of the Vir- ginia Methodist Conference, succeeded him as editor of the Advocate. Under this gentleman, who is still living (at an advanced age), Mr. Crutchfield finished his appren- ticeship. Having mastered his trade he worked as a com- positor for a few years, devoting his spare hours to the re- porting of meetings and the furnishing of matter to the local columns of the Richmond daily papers. He also acted as correspondent for prominent journals published outside of Richmond and Virginia, In the spring of 1852 Mr. Crutchfield was tendered the general management of a penny paper, the Petersburg Zxgress, the publication of which commenced April 24 of that year under the pro- prietorship of Messrs. Paul & Ellyson, of Petersburg, Virginia, The Petersburg community was a small one, not exceeding 25,000 inhabitants, of whom one-third were blacks and unlettered. For this reason, and the fact that the Richmond Daily Dispatch, as also the Baltimore Daily Sun, both at that time penny papers, were delivered in Petersburg each day, the former at an early hour and the latter. in the afternoon, many misgivings were expressed as to the success of a penny paper in that locality. Just one month after the first number had been issued Messrs. Paul & Ellyson announced their intention to discontinue the publication of the Zxpress. Mr, Crutchfield believed that nothing was required to insure its success except pluck and 603 energy, and effected a negotiation by which the Express passed into the hands of himself and two gentlemen, who were also practical printers, Under the firm name of A, F, Crutchfield & Co,, the publication of the Express was continued, and in a few years became a source of profit, Its circulation reached large portions of South Side, Virginia, as well as northern and central portions of the Carolinas, enjoying in these States great popularity, From 1852 to 1866 Mr. Crutchfield continued at the head of the Express, when his impaired health, caused by fourteen years of in- cessant toil, induced him to dispose of his interest therein, and remove to the city of Baltimore. There, after a con- nection in the night editorial department of the Daily Sun of over one year, and as Managing Editor of the Sunday Telegram for three years, he conceived the idea of pub- lishing a first-class weekly journal, Forming a partner- ship with Mr, J. C, Haas, a practical printer, Mr, Crutch- field made all the necessary preparations, selected a name, and on Saturday, June 8, 1872, issued the first number of the Baltimorean. This enterprise rapidly won its way to public favor, and is now in the enjoyment of a large circu- lation and profitable advertising patronage, A feature of the paper is a first-class portrait every week of some promi- nent individual, accompanied by a biographical sketch. As its name implies it is largely devoted to the interests of Baltimore, and the extensive country with which that city enjoys social and business relations. Itis edited with rare ability, and its correspondence and miscellany are varied and interesting. Its columns are never polluted by any matter that would bring a blush to the cheek of modesty, or invoke the reproval of the purest minds, In his efforts to produce a model jonrnal Mr, Crutchfield is ably seconded by his experienced and accomplished partner, Mr, Haas, Mr. Crutchfield was united in marriage, March 3, 1847, with Miss Sallie Louisa Davies, of Richmond, a daughter of the late Rees Davies, a famous civil engineer and constructor of his day. He has five children living, four sons and one daughter. The three eldest sons are all connected with the press, and the youngest of these is regarded as among the most skilled engravers of personal portraits in the country, The columns of the Ba/timorean have been repeatedly adorned with his work. Mr, Crutchfield is thoroughly wedded to the profession of journalism, and although some of his newspaper enterprises have been started under very adverse circumstances, he has invariably achieved success. He is a useful, enterprising, and pub- lic-spirited citizen, whose excellencies of character com- mand universal respect. . SPRKETKINSON, ARcHIBALD, JR., M.D., Professor of OAX: Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the College “aa" of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, was born a February 23, 1832, near Smithfield, on the James River, Isle of Wight County, Virginia. His father was an eminent lawyer, and represented the Second Con- e 604. gressional District of Virginia in thé United States Con- gress from 1844 to 1848. Dr. Atkinson received his edu- cation at the University of Virginia, and graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1854. After receiving his diploma he went abroad and enjoyed the advantages of the clinics of the most famous hospitals of Paris for eighteen months, and a six months’ residence in the Rotunda Lying-in Hospital of Dublin, Ireland. Returning to America in 1856 he located in Bal- timore, where he practiced his profession until the outbreak ° of the late civil war, when he returned to his native State and was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the Wise Legion in West Virginia, and assigned to the charge of the Lewis- burg Hospital. In 1862 Dr. Atkinson was selected as the Surgeon of the Tenth Regiment, Virginia Cavalry, belong- ing to General J. E. B. Stuart’s command, and in the autumn of 1863 was assigned to the Thirty-first Virginia Regiment of Infantry. Subsequently he was appointed Brigade-Surgeon in General John Pegram’s Brigade, Early’s Division, Second Army Corps, of the Army of Northern Virginia. At the termination of the war he established himself in the practice of his profession in his native town of Smithfield, Virginia, continuing there until the spring of 1873, when he removed to Baltimore and located on North Charles Street. In the fall of 1875 Dr. Atkinson was elected to the chair of Materia Medica and Thera- peutics in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bal- timore, a position which he has filled with rare ability and eminent success as an imparter of medical knowledge. His maternal ancestors were the Powells and Chiltons of Loudon County, Virginia, whose progenitors originally came from Scotland and Wales. His ancestors on the paternal side were English. He has a brother, Dr. Robert Chilton Atkinson, who is practicing medicine at St. Louis, Missouri. On November 2, 1858, Dr. Atkinson married Mary Elizabeth Thomas, of Smithfield, Virginia, daughter of Samuel Thomas, whose wife was Frances Harrison Woodley, daughter of Major Woodley, of Smithfield. The issue of the marriage is two children, Mary Chilton and Louis Woodley Atkinson, both of whom are living. In religion Dr. Atkinson is inclined to the tenets of the Pres- byterian Church, and his political sentiments are of the Jeffersonian State rights Democratic stamp. As a-citizen, scholar, physician, or preceptor, none stand higher than he in the community where he is so steadily and success- fully practicing his profession. Wo REWER, GEeorGE GAsToN, Lawyer, was born in ¥ 3 Annapolis, Maryland, in 1801. His father, John Brewer, was also a lawyer, and was for about i twenty years Commissioner of the Land Office. The oe, first ancestor of the Brewer family who emigrated to America came over with Lord Baltimore, and being the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. first to disgmbark, a large tract of land was given him on South River. The village of Brewertown was at one time very flourishing. Mr. Brewer graduated at St. John’s Col- lege, and became a chancery lawyer of much repute. At the early age of twenty-one he succeeded. his father as Commissioner of the Land Office, which he held till the adoption of the Constitution of 1850. The Democrats succeeded to power under that Constitution, and, being a Whig, Mr. Brewer lost his position. He was three times married. He died June 10,1861. His brother, Nicholas Brewer, was a lawyer in Annapolis, and for a number of years was Adjutant-General of the State under Governor Bradford. He died in 1875. Ce _ALEXANDER,,was born in Balcorn, Parish of CG Logey$ County Clackmannanshire, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1780. His father, John’Gould, native a> Wy of the same place, married in early life Ellen Drys- dale, daughter of Alexander Drysdale, a wealthy tal- low chandler, and emigrated to America with his family, consisting of James and the subject of this sketch and four daughters, one of whom was born on the passage. He settled in Baltimoretown in 1784, some distance beyond what is now known as Federal Hill and Sandy Bottom, in the extreme southern section of the town. The land upon which he located was purchased from John Moale. It fronted on what was known as Ferry Point Road, then a vast common, and extended nearly to the Spring Gardens, John Gould was a dealer in live stock, and was very suc- cessful as such on account of his strict integrity and fair dealing. He subsequently embarked in the butchering business, associating with him therein his son Alexander, The firm enjoyed a very extensive and lucrative trade. His father dying, Alexander succeeded him in the business, which continued to increase and prosper. In 1805 he purchased five additional acres of land lying nearer to Baltimore than where he then resided. He removed thither and erected a substantial dwelling. His business soon’ surpassed any other of a similar kind in Baltimore. In 1811 he made another purchase of adjacent land, em- bracing thirty-five acres, of S, H. Key, of St. Mary’s County, the father of the author of the « Star-spangled Banner.” In 1825 he added still further to his property by purchasing one hundred and twenty acres from William Norman, which were located on the east side of Ferry Point Road and immediately opposite the Key purchase. These several purchases, with others of a smaller character, constituted Alexander Gould the largest landed proprietor in the southern section of the city, It being ascertained that large bodies of the finest brick-clay underlaid portions of his lands, he soon received numerous applications from brick manufacturers for the privilege of opening yards upon royalties. The first leases were to Messrs. John and BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. William Reese, Alexander Russell, Ifenry W. Wilson, Samuel Harman, and others, on a royalty of fifty cents per thousand brick, the manufacturers being obligated to make a certain number every year. The results of the arrange- ment were the yielding of a very heavy revenue to Mr. Gould, the employment of a great number of industrious workmen, and the dispelling of malaria through the in- strumentality of the huge volumes of smoke issuing from the almost constantly burning kilns, In 1849 the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad Company began to consider by what means they could facilitate or accommodate their aug- menting coal trade by reaching tide-water. In order to accomplish this object they found it necessary to construct a branch road from their main stem through the vacant property lying in the southern and southwestern section of Baltimore, This would give them a terminus to tide- water at Locust Point. After determining upon that road it was essential to secure the right of way from the owners of the property through which the branch road would have to be constructed, Mr, Gould was the only one who responded favorably to the application of the railroad company, and accorded it the right of way without any compensation, believing that though it would not directly benefit his property it would be the means of inducing a large trade to Baltimore, give employment to a great number of mechanics and workingmen, and necessarily cause them to locate in that section, The Locust Point branch having been completed, and the facilities thus af- forded the company materially increasing its business, it realized the fact that the tracks laid by it were inadequate to said business, and in 1853 it made a second application for more land. As in the former case Mr. Gould was the only one who granted the right of way. He deeded to the company seventeen feet of ground on each side of their road, making, with the first grant of sixty-six feet, a total of one hundred feet, This belt of land he styled Ohio Avenue, During the war of 1842 Alexander Gould was a member of the Washington Blues military company, Captain George H. Stuart; and his residence, which was not far from the Old Gun Battery, was the quarters of a large number of American officers, including the late Generals Winder and George H. Stuart. Mr. Gould, early in life, identified himself with the Episcopal Church, and worshipped in St. Peter’s Church, on Sharp Street, then under the pastoral charge of Rev. J. P. K. Henshaw, who was afterwards Bishop of Rhode Island. Principally through Mr. Gould’s liberality a mission chapel of the church was erected on William Street; and a flourishing Sunday-schoal was established through the exertions of himself and others, among whom may be mentioned Ex- Mayor Jacob Small and the now venerable William Wood- ward. On account of the infirmities of age Mr. Gould withdrew from St. Peter’s because of its great distance from his residence, and attached himself to the Lee Street Church, The congregation becoming too large for this 77 605 church, Mr, Gould, being Warden and Vestryman, advised its sale and the erection of a new church on Hanover Street, known as St. Stephen’s Church, which was largely built through his liberality, Mr, Gould was a member of the St. Andrew’s Society, and always participated in its annual dinners and reunions, He was modest and unas- suming in his manners, and always had a pleasant word for every one. He was held in high respect by the com- munity. Mr, Gould was twice married, his second wife preceding him to the grave two years. He died April 16, 1859, leaving four sons and three daughters out of four- teen children who had been born unto him, His remains were followed to their last resting-place in Greenmount ' Cemetery by over one hundred of his tenants, and an im- mense concourse of sorrowing friends, He was an honest and upright Christian gentleman. His surviving children are Alexander, Benjamin Franklin, Henry P., William Wallace, and Elizabeth. Under the management of his sons, whom he appointed as his executors, the estate of Mr. Gould is daily increasing in value. VpyOMas, JoHN CHEW, fourth son of Samuel and J it Mary Thomas, was born October 15,1764. He x married, September 18, 1788, Mary, only daugh- : ter and heiress of Richard and Eliza (Rutland) Snowden, of “ Fairland,’ Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He resided after his marriage at “ Fairland,” which place he afterwards sold for fifty thousand dollars. He was a man of high character and an active member of the Society of Friends. In early life he took an interest in politics, and was elected by the Federal party as one of their representatives in the Congress of 1799 and 1801. As a member of that House he took part in the celebrated election of President in the last-named year, which after three days of intense excitement, and thirty-five ballots, resulted in the election of Thomas Jefferson. On marrying an heiress and becoming a slaveholder, John C. Thomas lost his membership in the Society of Friends, but on Feb- ruary 12, 1812, he manumitted his slaves to the number of over one hundred, and was received again into membership with the Society. He died at his residence in Leiperville, Pennsylvania, May 10, 1836. Seven of his fifteen children survived him. yo Hon. CuristopHErR M., Farmer and Legis- AX lator, was born in Frederick County, Maryland, x ~© December 14, 1825. -Mr. Riggs received a com, mon-school education, and in the early part of his life worked on a farm. For the past twenty years he has been engaged both in farming and in the quarrying of slate for roofing purposes. He has served as School Trustee ever since the passage of the law creating school trustees. He was elected to the Honse of Delegates on the Republican ticket in 1875, and re-elected in 1877, 606 OACH, Hon. WILLiaM, was born in Somerset R County, Maryland, May 13, 1826. Mr. Roach received a common-school education, and his boy- fo hood was spenton a farm, In 1846 he entered into mercantile life,and has been farming, merchandising, and speculating ever since. He is one of the most exten- sive and successful farmers of Somerset County, and has also a large vessel interest. He has an interest in the East- ern Shore Railroad, is one of the directors of the road on the part of the State, and is also one of the owners of the Crisfield property, situated at the eastern terminus of that road. He held the office of Postmaster during the admin- istrations of Pierce and Buchanan; was County Commis- sioner of Somerset County in 1852 and 1853; served as Sheriff in 1864 and 1865; was elected to the House of Delegates on the Democratic ticket in the year 1871, and re-elected in 1877. He was married in 1849 to Miss Caro- line B. Gunby, daughter of William Gunby, of Somerset County, and has eight children living. (QELEESON, CAPTAIN JOHN P., Lawyer, was born in CG Baltimore, August, 1835. He was a brother of Judge William E. Gleeson, of Baltimore. He was fo attached to the Fifth Maryland Regiment United States Volunteers during the civil war, and was recognized as a gallant officer. He was promoted for meritorious con- duct on the field of Antietam. He was captured at the battle of Winchester, and confined in Libby Prison, Rich- mond, Virginia, where he died October, 1863. His heroic conduct in prison was such as to win the admiration of his foes, and his brothers-in-arms of the same regiment were permitted to attend his funeral. Their request that his remains should be deposited in a vault to await transmis- sion to Baltimore was granted. In November, 1863, they were exchanged for the body of Captain Stamp, of Missis- sippi, a nephew of Jefferson Davis, by special cartel with the War Department. He was buried with military honors in the Cathedral Cemetery, Baltimore. The funeral cortege was among the largest ever witnessed in Baltimore. It was attended by a large military escort, under command of General E. B. Tyler. Captain Gleeson’s friends in com- memoration of his patriotic services, erected over his grave a substantial and handsome monument. ASHIELL, Captain Henry, Ship-master, was born in Somerset County, Maryland, February 9, 1769. His parents were Thomas and Jane (Renshaw) Dashiell. He: was the youngest of eleven children, four of whom were sons. iE i one. The family is an ancient They were Huguenots or French Protestants, who BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, or insome earlier persecution, fled to England. The origin of the name is said to be a motto of the pious Huguenots—GoD a shield ; the word in early times ending as well as commencing with a capital. The name was at first D’ a shield, next Dashiel, finally Dashiell. The American head of the family was James Dashiell, who settled in Somerset County, Mary- land, about 1666. He purchased and resided on land at the head of the Wetipquin Creek, and which by his will— dated in 1696, admitted to probate in 1697—he devised to his son James. The records in the Land Office at Annapo- lis also show that the first James Dashiell patented lands in Somerset County in 1672, 1673, and 1696. He left four sons, viz., James, Thomas, George, and Robert, and one daughter, Jane. From the elder James have descended, as it is believed, all the families in the United States who bear the name Dashiell. There are other records in ref- erence to lands granted to Major George Dashiell on the Wicomico River in 1734. The family participated largely in the American Revolution, and many traditions in rela- tion to them exist in the counties of Somerset and Dor- chester. The names of Colonels Joseph and George Dashiell may be found as members of the convention which formed the Constitution of Maryland in 1776. A few years ago a number of letters were published in a Somerset County newspaper, written by the last-named gentleman during, and describing events of, the Revolu- tionary war. In 1814 full-length portrait of the father of our country, which adorned one of the rooms of the President’s house at Washington, was saved from the con- flagration caused by the British forces. Jacob Barker, as- sisted by Robert G. L. De Peyster, carried it some distance in the country and left it with a widow lady. Six weeks afterwards Mr. Barker called in company with Miss Dashiell (so she is mentioned in the historical account as of some person well known at the time), took the picture back to Washington, and it was reinstated in the Presi- dent’s house, where it still remains. Captain Henry _ Dashiell went to sea at an early age, and on attaining his majority he was the commander of a ship. A small fly advertisement is still preserved, dated Hull, England, July 27, 1795, giving notice that he is about to sail with his new American ship ‘ Venus” for New York and Baltimore. On January 24,1799, he was married by the Rev. Mr. Ire- land to Mary Leeke, whose family, of English origin, was also very ancient. Her father, Nicholas Leeke, was born in London, and was a relative of the Right Hon. George Grenville; also of James Leeke, Earl of Scarboro, who was Prime Minister to George I and George II. The arms of the family of Leeke can be traced as far back as the year 1150. Their names are found in the Aquilduscum, a list of the knights going to the second Crusade. The Leekeé’ had the right to several coats of arms. In Burke's General Armory, the branch of the family from which Mrs. Dashiell descended is thus mentioned: “ Leeke (Newark- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. on-Trent, Co. Nottingham). Arms on asaltire engraved sa. nine amulets or. Crest. A peacock’s tail erect, the plume displ. ppr. supported by two eagles, with wings expanded ar.” Captain Dashiell was very successful in life and gathered a fine estate, Inthe year 1800 he built for his city resi- dence a brick house on what was then Market Street (now Broadway), on the corner of Alice Ann Street. The lumber used was brought from Somerset County. The house was fitted up in the most elaborate and costly style; the furni- ture and articles of virtu and luxury were brought from foreign countries, including a piano from London in the beginning of the century. This house is now occupied by his son, Dr. Nicholas Leeke Dashiell. Captain Dashiell fought bravely in the defence of his country in the war of 1812-15. The sword he used in the battle of North Point is in the possession of his son mentioned above. About the year 1820 he left the sea and spent the remainder of his life with his family, alternately at his delightful country seat near Druid Hill Park and at his city residence. He died in the lat- ter, October 4, 1830. His wife survived him until May 9, 1869. She was then in her ninetieth year. Captain and Mrs. Dashiell had a family of nine children: Levin, died in in- fancy; Jane, who married Dr. William H. Clendinen, is still living; Mary Leeke, who was married to Captain Matthew Robinson, and again married to Dr. Moreau Forrest, is also living; Henry, born March 16, 1810, died January 28, 1825 ; Louisa Maria, born December 1, 1811, married May 21, 1835, to Captain Thurston M. Tay- lor of the United States Navy, nephew of President Zachary Taylor, also of Governor Clark of Kentucky; she died at Oak Grove, Texas, October 7, 1842. The sixth child was Nicholas Leeke, of whom a sketch is given. The seventh, Matilda D., died in infancy. Alice Ann was born May 20, 1819; she died unmarried, July 14, 1854. She was a lady of superior intelligence and great piety. She was greatly interested in collecting and preserving the history of her family on both sides of the house, and it is from the accounts prepared by her hands that most of the records here presented are compiled. She presented the ground on which St. Bartholomew’s Episcopal Church, on the cor- ner of Madison and Boundary avenues is built. She also gave the name to the church in the memory of her Hugue- not ancestry, and of the massacre of St. Bartholomew in 1572. In the wall of the church is a tablet to her memory, and inscribed also with the motto she so sacredly cher- ished—“ GoD a shield.” The ninth child of the family, Eleanor Virginia, died in early childhood, @ ENT, Hon. JosepH, M.D., Ex-Governor of Mary- Te land, was born in 1779 in Calvert County, Mary- e land. His father, Daniel Kent, was a large property-owner, and had a large family of children. Joseph, having graduated in Philadelphia about the year 1800, settled at Lower Marlboro, on the Patuxent 607 River, three miles from his birthplace. Though but a small village at that time, it was the centre of a large trade in tobacco, which was inspected there and shipped thence directly to Europe. Dr. Kent continued there until about 1805, when he removed to Prince George’s County, near Bladensburg, and combined agriculture with the practice of medicine until 1811, when turning his attention to poli- tics he represented his district in Congress from 1813 to 1815, and from 1821 to 1826. He was Governor of Mary- land from 1826 to 1829, and United States Senator from 1833 to 1839. He died at his home, November 24 of the latter year, in the sixtieth year of his age. The esteem in which he was held may be gathered from the eulogy pro- nounced in the Senate of the United States by Henry Clay, who entered Congress at the same time, and was thereafter his warm personal and political friend. Mr. Clay said: “In private life the estimable man whose un- timely death we deplore enjoyed the unbounded confi- dence and attachment of his neighbors and friends, and was almost idolized by his family and slaves. He is a great loss to Maryland, to the Senate, and to the whole country. But nowhere out of the circle of his own family will that loss be felt with more severity than by the people of this district. Untiring in his exertions he was ever their warm, zealous, and devoted friend.” As CAPTAIN GEORGE, was born a Marshall } Seat, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, May Ros 23, 1784. His grandfather, David Weems, was » the eldest son of James Weems, of Scotland. The latter was the youngest son of the Earl of Wemyss. James Weems was killed in the battle of Preston Pans, in 1745, whilst fighting for Charles Edward. David Weems was brought to this country by his uncle, Doctor Lock. He married Margaret Harrison, of noble English descent. He had five sons, the youngest of whom was the father of Captain George Weems, the subject of this sketch. George when very young made a voyage to the East Indies with Captain James Nooman, who died there, and young Weems was placed in command of the vessel on its homeward voyage. He subsequently made several trips to the East and West Indies. During the war of 1812 he fitted out a sloop in the privateering service and was captured, together with a cargo of flour, but was afterwards released. His first command of a steamer on the Chesapeake was in 1818. She was called the “Surprise.” He ran her for several years, when, in conjunction with Judge James Harewood and Messrs. Watchman and Bratt, he bought the old steamer called the “ Eagle.” He commanded her until she exploded, when he was severely and seriously scalded. The steamer “ Patuxent” was then built by Mr. Weems and those in partnership with him. On her com- pletion he assumed command of her, his son Mason acting as mate, and Augustus, another son, as engineer. She was 608 manned entirely by his slaves. After running her a few years he appointed George, a younger son, as clerk. Within a short period Captain Weems bought out the stockholders and also purchased the property now known as Fair Haven, on which he erected the present hotel and its adjacent buildings. The steamer “ Planter”? was built, in 1845, by Mason L. Weems, the most prominent of the sons, who owned and commanded her. In 1864 he built and commanded the steamer “ Matilda.” In 1858 the “George Weems” was built by Theodore and Augustus Weems, and commanded by the former. She was de- stroyed by fire in 1870. The steamer “‘ Theodore Weems” was built in 1871. The Weems line of steamers were employed for awhile in the service of the civil war. Captain George Weems died at Fair Haven, March 6, 1853, and was buried in Herring Creek Churchyard among his ancestors. He had six children, Thomas, Margaret, Mason L., Gustavus, George, and Theodore Weems. Mason L. Weems married Miss Sparrow, of Calvert County, their children being Mrs. Henry Williams and Mrs. S. H. Forbes. George married Rachel A. D. Weems. Captain Weems was remarkably kind and cheer- ful in his disposition, benevolent and public-spirited. It is said that his father bequeathed a larger amount of his property to him than to his’ son Gustavus, but George de- clined to receive more than an equal share. He was a sprightly and agreeable conversationalist and sympathetic in his nature. He had a great attachment for his kindred, and was fond of being with them. He was particularly courteous in the presence of ladies, and exceptionally neat in his dress and personal appearance. His religious senti- ments were in accord with the doctrines of the Protestant Episcopal Church. i oe AvGusTUS, was born in the city of Bal- | traction, and a lineal descendant of Huguenot ancestry of high birth, who left France at the rev- England, where they remained until allowed to return to their native land and enjoy their estates, divested, how- of this sketch retain in their possession the marriage con- tract, drawn upin form on parchment, of the nuptials of nard, Mayor of Dampierre. Jean Mathiot and his wife, with many other Huguenot families, came to America about vahia, over which one of his grandchildren presided as Mayor for twelve or fourteen consecutive years. The oldest about the year 1794, where he died when his son Augustus was but twelve years of age. He left his family in com- ei timore August 4, 1799. He was of French ex- : coy A ocation of the Edict of Nantes and settled in ever, of their titulary honors. The family of the subject Jean Mathiot to the daughter of the Hon. Jacques Ber- 1752, and settled in Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pennsyl- son of Jean Mathiot removed from Lancaster to Baltimore fortable circumstanees, and his children, who were old BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. enough to receive it, had been provided with an excellent education. Being orphaned at so early an age, Augustus during his minority applied himself closely to books and study, and availed himself of every opportunity for acquir- ing knowledge, having at a very early age developed a taste for scientific, historical, and general literary pursuits. His business career was commenced in the capacity of superintendent of an extensive chair factory, which he sat-- isfactorily managed for several years. During the period of the above engagement he did not neglect his mental improvement, and was a member of debating and histor- ical societies, whilst his principal associates were gentle- men of education and scientific attainments. At the age of twenty-five years he established himself in the business of manufacturing chairs and cabinet-ware, and the export- ing of the same to South America. Though sustaining financial losses during monetary crises of the country, notably that of 1837, and by a conflagration which entirely destroyed his immense establishment, involving the loss of tens of thousands of dollars, he always maintained a high credit, and assured for his house a place among the leading and most substantial cabinet establishments of the South, a position it still occupies. Mr. Mathiot was for half a century prominently identified with the Order of Odd Fellows, and at the time of his death, July 12, 1872, was the oldest member of the Order in the United States. He was initiated in Washington Lodge, No. 1, at Balti- more, in 1821 or 1822. He was regarded as quite an accession to the society, as he was a young man of intelli- gence, and full of energy and ambition. He passed rapidly through all the offices, from that of Outside Guardian to the highest chair, and acquitted himself with credit in each. He continued to labor in the Order with unabated zeal up to his demise, taking an active interest and part in the proceedings of both the Grand and subordinate lodges. There was scarcely a meeting of his own lodge that he did not attend, and in the sessions he always showed himself to be a ready and able debater. He passed into the Grand Lodge of the State in 1830; in 1831 was elected Deputy Grand Master, and by virtue of his office became Grand Master upon the resignation of that officer; was Grand Representative in the Grand Lodge of the United States, from 1836 to 1840; was elected Grand Master for a second time in 1836; was Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of the United States from 1829 to 1833, and in that capacity was the first officer who printed the minutes of that body in pamphlet form ; was Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of the United States from 1833 to 1836; was one of the charter members of the first Grand Encampment authorized by the Grand Lodge of the United States in 1831, of which body he was second Grand Patriarch, being the immediate suc- cessor of Thomas Wildey. In the early days of the Order the lodge rooms were mostly adjacent to bars, and the members indulged in great conviviality. Mr. Mathiot in- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. troduced a resolution in the Washington Lodge that thenceforth no liquor should be used therein, and by an eloquent appeal secured its adoption. The lodges profited immensely by the change, and in a short time the Order in Baltimore largely increased in membership. It is claimed for Mr. Mathiot, and is entered on the record of his lodge, that he alone set on foot this important movement. From that day to his death he never ceased to devote his time, talents, and means to the promotion of the good cause he had inaugurated, and which may be said to have effected an entire moral revolution in the Order. He was a manof superior scholastic attainments, and on several occasions lectured before the lodges upon archeology and antique researches, displaying a thorough familiarity with this branch of learning, which appeared to be his favorite subject, though he directed his attention very largely. to natural philosophy and chemistry. His information was very extensive, and of an instructive and interesting char- acter. Mr. Mathiot was attached to the German Re- formed Church. He was a faithful and devoted husband and father, amiable and affectionate, kind and indulgent in the family circle. ‘ As a citizen he was public-spirited, liberal, modest, and candid, pure and virtuous, upright and honorable.” He was conspicuous for his benevolence and liberality. He was ever ready, as he was able, to give, and many a family whom he has aided and befriended re- members his beneficence with gratitude. He married in 1826 Miss Mary Hodges. Her paternal ancestors were of an honorable family of Kent County, Maryland, and on the side of her mother, who was a Miss Claypoole, she was a descendant of Oliver Cromwell. Mr. Mathiot left seven children, four sons and three daughters. 2: ZEVELL, James, Lawyer, the son of Martin Fan- At nen and Mary A. (Hohne) Revell, was born in o His & father was born in Fairfax County, Virginia. He removed to Annapolis about the year 1820, follow- -Ing the business of merchant tailor and merchant, and was, during President Polk’s administration, Postmaster of that city. He died in 1849. Mr. Revell’s mother died in January, 1879, at the age of seventy-seven years. His father’s remote ancestors were Irish, and came to America in the early colonial times, as also did the Hohne family, who were of German extraction. Both fought in the Rev- olutionary war for the cause of American independence. His maternal grandfather, Christopher Hohne, was an officer in the war of 1812. Mr. Revell graduated A.B. at St. John’s College, Annapolis, in 1848; entered the office of Frank H. Stockett as a student of law; taught school for a short time; then became clerk to the Auditor, H. Hammond, Esq. From 1850 to 1856 he filled.the position of Private Secretary to Governors Lowe and Ligon, during Annapolis, Maryland, February 6, 1831. . years. 609 which time, in 1854, he was admitted to the bar before Judge Brewer. In 1859 he was elected State’s Attorney for Anne Arundel County for an unexpired term of two He here proved himself so able and became so popular that he was re-elected for the four succeeding terms, making a period of eighteen years in all. During these years he prosecuted many capital cases, several of which excited a profound and widespread interest. One of the first was brought from Baltimore city on a change of venue, and was the trial of five men charged with the murder of Adam B. Chyle, a highly respected citizen. This wanton murder was committed during the prevalence of the riotous element of that time. W. H.G. Dorsey, of Baltimore, had been appointed on the part of the Po- lice Commissioners to assist Mr. Revell in the prosecution, which resulted in the conviction of two of the accused. The result of that trial exercised an immediate and most salutary effect in repressing the lawlessness which had for some years prevailed in Baltimore. The case of Hollo- han and Nicholson, who were convicted of the murder of Mrs, Lampley, the mother-in-law of the latter, excited much interest. They were executed in Baltimore, from which city the case had been brought. The trial of Nim- rod Richards, of Prince George County, for the murder of an old lady, also attracted much attention. He was con- victed and executed. One of the most celebrated cases on record is the trial of Mrs. Elizabeth G. Wharton for the murder by poison of General William S. Ketchum on June 28, 1871. Attorney-General Andrew K. Lyster as- sisted Mr. Revell in the prosecution. The attorneys for the defendant were J. Nevitt Steele and John H. Thomas, of Baltimore, and Alexander B. Hagner, of Annapolis. The trial lasted forty-three days, and resulted in the ac- quittal of Mrs. Wharton. In 1872 she was again tried at Annapolis for the poisoning of Eugene Van Ness. The same counsel were engaged on both sides, with the excep- tion that the place of Mr. Steele was supplied by the Hon. Herman Stump, of Bel Air. The jury failed to agree and were discharged ; a stet was finally entered. Mr, Revell’s practice has taken a wide range since the expiration of his last term of office; he has had many important civil cases, and defended capital cases of much interest. Besides his professional duties he has taken an active part in many en- terprises looking to the welfare and prosperity of the city. He isa Director in the Farmers’ National Bank of Annap- olis, and its Counsel; was for several years one of the In- spectors of Public Schools; and is now President of the Mutual Building Association of that city. He is also.one of the aldermen of the city of Annapolis. He was largely instrumental in securing the building of the bridge across the Spa Creek, and was a director in a local tele- graph company, which was afterwards merged in the Western Union. In 1875, at the organization of the An- napolis Savings Institution, Mr. Revell was made Vice- President, and the following year was elected its Presi- 610 dent. He has been President of the St. Mary’s Catholic Beneficial Society since its formation in 1861. Mr. Revell is and has always been warmly attached tothe South. He advocates State’s rights and a strict construction of the Constitution of the United States. In religion he is a Roman Catholic ; in politics a Democrat. He* was mar- ried in 1860 to Miss E. Janie Cowan, of Annapolis, who is exceedingly popular and beloved by all. EE Screne Hon. WILu1aM, Chief Justice of the J) i Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, was born at 3. Fawsley, near Easton, in Talbot County, Mary- ap land, August 12, 1756. His father, James Tilgh- man, removing in 1762 from Maryland to Philadel- phia, became the Attorney-General for the Proprietary of Pennsylvania, a member of the Provincial Council, and Secretary of the Land Office. Being a loyalist he resigned the last-named office at the outbreak of the Revolution, and returned to his native State, residing from that time in Chestertown, Kent County. He had six sons. The American founder of the family was Richard Tilghman, surgeon, who in 1660 emigrated from Kent in England to Maryland, settling first in what is now the county of Tal- bot, and afterwards at the Hermitage in the present county of Princess Anne. His son of the same name succeeded him in the ownership of the Hermitage; and held many positions of honor under the proprietary and royal govern- ments in the Province, being a member of the Governor’s Council, one of the Judges of the Provincial Court, and Chancellor and Keeper of the Great Seal of Maryland. He had a large family, one of his sons being James, the father of Judge Tilghman. The latter enjoyed in the city of Philadelphia the best educational advantages the coun- try then afforded, and on graduating from the University of Pennsylvania received the degrees of B.A. and A.M. Later in life the same institution conferred on him the de- gree of LL.D. Commencing the study of law in 1772, he continued it after 1776 under the direction of his father, whom he accompanied to Chestertown, in which place he first practiced his profession after his admission to the bar in 1783. He was elected from Kent County to the House of Delegates for the three years succeeding 1788, and in April of that year was a member of the con- vention which adopted the Federal Constitution, and in the General Assembly was active in framing measures to carry it into practical effect. In 1789 he was chosen one of the electors from Maryland to choose the first President of the United States, and cast his vote for General Wash- ington. In 1791 he was chosen State Senator from the Eastern Shore, resigning his seat in 1793, when, having married, he removed to Philadelphia, and practiced his profession in that city. In 1801 he was appointed by President Adams Chief Justice of the United States Cir- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. cuit Court, embracing the city in which he resided, which position he held but a short time. In 1805 he was ap- pointed Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the First District of Pennsylvania, but a few months afterwards the Governor commissioned him Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, a position he filled with distinguished ability till shortly before his death, which occurred April 30, 1827. He was noted for his uni- form courtesy to every one, and for his great kindness and benevolence. He had many slaves, all of whom he eman- cipated long before his death, Judge Tilghman was long a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. He was for some time a Vice-President of the American Philosophical Society ; in 1824 became its President, and delivered a eulogium upon Dr, Caspar Wistar, which was published. He was the first President of the Athenzeum, a literary society of Philadelphia, and a Vice-President of the Society for the Promotion of Agri- culture, before which, in 1820, he delivered, by invitation, an address, which was also published. Ween: Tuomas, Founder of Odd Fellowship in z ( } the United States, was born in the city of London, et England, January 15, 1782, in the reign of George the Third, at the close of our Revolutionary war. His early education, which was rather meagre, was acquired at a parish school, which he left at the age of fourteen years to learn a trade, that of coach-spring maker. He worked at his trade for several years after serving his apprenticeship, and in 1817 came to the United States, set- tling in Baltimore city early in September of that year. He married shortly prior to leaving his native land. He had been connected with the Order of Odd Fellows in England from the date of his majority, and served in every capacity therein from the humblest to the highest office. His first employment in Baltimore was as a coach-spring maker on Harrison Street; afterwards he became a coal dealer on the wharf. He next entered into the restaurant business, and after engaging for a while in market garden- ing went to farming, in the possession of ample means. The initiatory movement for the establishment of Odd Fel- lowship in this country was made by Mr. Wildey in the shape of a notice he published calking for a meeting of such Odd Fellows as might be in Baltimore to effect the above purpose. Pursuant to notice the meeting took place April 13, 1819, five persons, including Thomas Wildey, being present. Mr. Wildey informed them of his intention to establish the Society of Odd Fellowship, there being no organized arrangement to relieve the distressed or to care for the widow and orphan. A lodge was established, and was named ‘“ Washington,” after the ‘Father of his country.” It was on the twenty-sixth day of April, 1819, that Washington Lodge, Number One, of the Independent BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Order of Odd Fellows in the United States was opened. Though the Order made but little progress for several years, and was compelled to struggle against disfavor, apathy, and a want of confidence, it finally, through Mr. Wildey’s wonderful energy and enthusiasm in the cause, became a great success, and when he retired from office in 1833 he had instituted four lodges in Maryland, organized the “Grand Lodge of Maryland and of the United States,’’ and originated the Patriarchal Order; he had extended the institution to Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Louisiana, Kentucky, Delaware, the District of Co- lumbia, and saw them all united under the present Grand Lodge of the United States. He left the chair of Grand Sire of the Order in 1833 to mingle in the ranks of the brotherhood at large, having in 1826 visited England and obtained a charter from the Manchester Unity, giving the transatlantic Order independence, character, and power. Though divested of his high rank, Mr. Wildey still con- tinued to devote his time and energies to the spread and prosperity of the Order, travelling and instituting lodges in all directions, upon which missions he was deputed at dif- ferent times by the Grand Lodge of the United States. Mr. Wildey died, October 19, 1861, in the eightieth year of his age. His remains were interred in Greenmount Ceme- tery. In 1865 a large and handsome monument was erected to his memory on North Broadway, Baltimore. wwaeANAHAN, REV. Joun, D.D., was born at Harri- li sonburg, Virginia. Eminently does he represent a? that large class of more than ordinary men who . & owe their prominence and success in life more to indomitable perseverance and tireless intellectual exertion amid very meagre educational advantages, than to favorable and long-continued surroundings for culture in academic or collegiate halls. Professing conversion in his youth, he soon realized inward impressions of a divine call to the work of the ministry. In March, 1838, he was ad- mitted into the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Early in his ministerial life his supe- rior talents won the attention of the Conference, and for many years his appointments have been the most com- manding and influential within its gift. Among the earlier charges he served in the pastorate are the principal Methodist churches of Frostburg, Maryland; Alexandria, Virginia ; Fredericksburg, Virginia ; Georgetown, District of Columbia; and Cumberland, Maryland. He afterwards occupied the pulpits of the Exeter Streetand Caroline Street churches of Baltimore, and that of the Foundry Church at Washington, District of Columbia, then the most influ- ential appointment of the denomination at the National Capital. During the later ministry of Dr. Lanahan, he has served his Conference much in the important and laborious office of Presiding Elder. In such superintend- ency of church work he has travelled the Potomac, Vir- 611 ginia, Baltimore, Washington, and East Baltimore dis- tricts of the Conference, with which he has been connected through a period of forty years. By the votes of his brother pastors he has continuously represented them in the General Conference, the supreme legislative council of the denomination, from the session of 1856 to the present date. During the late civil war his work embraced much of the territory occupied by contending armies, and dotted with battle-fields. At that time the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, gave expression to the estimate he placed on the honor and patriotism of Dr. Lanahan, by furnishing him with an official letter, ad- dressed to military officers at large, instructing them to provide Dr. Lanahan with protection and transportation when he should request it in the discharge of his ecclesi- astical duties. Probably the most important period in his ministerial life is associated with his ‘official connection with the Methodist Book Concern at New York. At the session of the General Conference of 1868, his name was presented as a candidate for Assistant Book Agent. He declined the nomination, but over his declinature he was elected. He resolved to thoroughly acquaint himself with the character and details of the vast business intrusted to the two agents. He made his work a study. He visited other publishing houses, and conversed with experienced representative publishers as to the grades and prices of materials, the amount of finished work certain quantities of paper and leather should produce, the wages paid for skilled labor, methods of administering the affairs of the various departments of the business, and prices obtained for books, etc. When made fully acquainted with these interests he began to look into the affairs of the Concern, and his gravest suspicions were aroused. Subsequent in- vestigation convinced him that dangerous and very loose business methods prevailed: that the superintendent of the Printing Department by private arrangement allowed an outside friend to purchase as ‘“‘a middleman,” and at a heavy gain to himself and corresponding loss to the house, all paper used in the establishment ; that enormous amounts expended for materials were audited by the cashier on the statements of those making the purchase, with which no vouchers were offered as proof of their accuracy ; that the waste materials, such as gold-leaf, paper-clippings, etc., aggregating the amounts of salary received by the super- intendents, were sold as perquisites by these persons; that hundreds of dozens of sheep and morocco skins and quan- tities of costly silk velvet had mysteriously disappeared from the bindery after their purchase ; that the pay-roll of the house was unreliable and fraudulently kept; that the ledgers contained enormous false entries; that the annual exhibits to the Conferences were incorrect and deceptive ; and that grave discrepancies existed between the balances on the books of the house and those of the bank in which the agents made their monetary deposits. During the period involved in these discoveries and the acquisition of 612 the proof with which these statements were finally forti- fied, rumors affecting the fair fame of the Concern became current. The New York Zimes published, September 21, 1869, an elaborate editorial presenting facts and figures impeaching the integrity of the house. In the editorial columns of the Christian Advocate the Assistant Agent was charged with being the inspirer of this article. The Book Committee of ministers and laymen, whose office it was to supervise the affairs of the Concern, were pressed to save the reputation of the establishment at any cost. Strug- gling to rescue the perilled credit of the house and more especially the characters of those who had long controlled its management, they nevertheless admitted the existence of wrongs in the Printing Department. Of the affairs of the Bindery, they say: “ The investigation of the affairs and business of the Bindery has satisfied the committee _ that there has been great mismanagement in this depart- ment, and that serzous Josses have occurred therein.”” The impression made on the great denominational public by this report was so unfavorable as to produce throughout Methodism a profound sensation. Scores of the most in- fluential secular and religious journals of the country con- demned it as an ill-advised effort to cover up gross corrup- tion. The Committee were soon led to a reversal of their judgment, and a minority of their number issued an address to the Annual Conferences in support of the main allegations made by Dr. Lanahan. Friends of accused parties signed charges against the Assistant Agent, who during their pendency was suspended from his office. Of the seventeen persons who attached their signatures to the charges, but four appeared at the trial. At an early stage in the inves- tigation, the prosecution over the protest of Dr. Lanahan abandoned the case, and he was reinstated in his office. The Book Committee secured Dr. Lanahan’s final consent to a mutual withdrawal of the charges, on condition that the books of the establishment should be thoroughly ex- amined by professional accountants. In the selection of these examiners, the Senior Agent declined to allow his partner, Dr. Lanahan, any voice or representative. Under the pressure of Dr. Lanahan’s charges the superintendent of the Printing Department had been forced to resign the position he had long held. He entered snit in a civil court against Dr. Lanahan for slander. That he might obtain the necessary proof for this investigation, Dr, Lanahan demanded access to the check books and other records. The Senior Agent refused his demand. Dr. Lanahan was then compelled to apply to the civil authori- ties for the order. This stirred the indignation of those who desired to witness Dr. Lanahan’s defeat. The Book Committee was again hastily convened, and a second time was the Assistant Agent suspended. The majority re- solved to impeach him at once for this application to the courts. Dr, Lanahan urged a full investigation, hoping that by this method an opportunity would be furnished him to prove his allegations of fraud and mismanagement. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Under the law of the Church the Board of Bishops were required to be present at the trial, and to act as a Senate or concurrent house. Bishops Janes and Ames represented the Episcopacy. A majority of the committee resolved to remove Dr. Lanahan from his office. In concurring with this majority, the late lamented Bishop Janes paid to Dr. Lanahan this richly-merited tribute: “ With Dr. Lanahan T have been acquainted for more than a quarter of a cen- tury. Ihave assigned him to some of the most difficult and responsible appointments in his Conference. He has always met his obligations with fidelity and ability. I have honored him in my heart as well as in my adminis- tration. My confidence in him as a Christian brother and as a minister of the Lord Jesus Christ is unshaken, and_ my affection for him remains undisturbed. My decision refers only to his official act as Assistant Agent of the Book Concern. His act of suing out a writ of mandamus at the time, and in the manner he did, I cannot approve; but the question whether the error is sufficient to remove him from office, I have found a very difficult one to decide.” The non-concurrence of Bishop Ames restored Dr. Lanahan to the office ta which the General Conference’ had elected him. At the ensuing General Conference held in May, 1872, the Assistant Agent presented an able report, traversing the entire history of the case. This was accompanied by documentary evidence. Mr. John A. Gunn, employed by the Senior Agent for more than a year in an examination of the books, presented his report as an expert in bookkeeping to the same supreme council of the Church. This elaborate review of the business affairs of the house fully sustained some of the gravest charges made by Dr. Lanahan, and brought out the fact that the fraudulent exhibits of the books were serious, and covered a period of about fifteen years. Dr. Lanahan was re- nominated, but declined a re-election, that he might resume ministerial work in the Baltimore Conference. After various attempts to induce him to enter into a com- promise, the employé who had sued him for slander abandoned the case. A vacancy having occurred in the Presiding Eldership of the Washington District, Dr. Lana- han was appointed to fill the same. Since 1872 he has been continuously in the Presiding Elder’s office. He is an able and eloquent preacher, and as a ready, impressive, and trenchant debater, his addresses on the Conference floor are always received with profound attention, His Conference continues to lavish on him its most conspicuous badges of honor and affection, and throughout the States engirding the National Capital his name, as an eminent minister and distinguished citizen, is held in the highest veneration. At the session of the Baltimore Conference in 1878, he was appointed for the second time to the pastorate of the Foundry Methodist Episcopal Church at Washing- ton, District of Columbia, where President Hayes and family, as well as many other distinguished men, attend upon his ministrations, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. WON: ORRISON, Grorce, Presbyterian Minister and TM Editor of the Presbyterian Weekly, Baltimore, Maryland, was born at Sweet Air, Baltimore County, January 30, 1831. After a thorough pre- paratory education under the instructions of the Rev. Professor Stephen Ferkes, D.D., now of Danville Theological Seminary of Kentucky, the subject of this sketch entered Princeton College, whence he graduated in 1852. Though in early life having a great ambition to be a farmer, he established in the autumn of the year of his graduation from Princeton a classical school at Sweet Air, which proved to be a successful step. In 1854 he was elected Principal of the Baltimore City College, which position he held until 1857, the Board of School Commis- sioners on the occasion of his resignation passing resolu- tions highly complimentary to the faithful and efficient manner in which he had performed his duties. The same year he removed to Danville, Kentucky, to study theology at the Danville Theological Seminary, and in 1860 was licensed by the Baltimore Presbytery to preach the Gospel. After travelling for some months in the States west of the Mississippi River, he, in the autumn of 1860, accepted the charge of a church at Cynthiana, Kentucky, where he re- mained until the close of the civil war. In 1865 his wife died, and in the spring of that year he resigned his Ken- tucky charge to assume the charge of the First Presbyterian Church at Terre Haute, Indiana, the duties of which he entered upon in the winter of 1866. During his Kentucky residence he adhered to the Federal Government in all of its struggles for unity and integrity, and was an occasional contributor to the secular and religious press. He re- mained in charge of the church at Terre Haute until the spring of 1870, and whilst there, in addition to his pastoral work, contributed to the Herald and Presbyter, performed considerable missionary and educational work for his Pres- bytery and Synod, and paid off the debt of the church building. He resigned the above charge with a view to return to the bounds of the Baltimore Presbytery. In 1867 Mr. Morrison was a member of the General Assembly of his Church at Cincinnati, and during the same year at In- dianapolis, At the joint meeting of the synods of Indiana he delivered a forcible and eloquent address on a reunion of the Presbyterian Church, which was published in full in the Zrdianapolis Fournal. For a few months before his return to Maryland he supplied a church at Shipman, Macoupin County, Indiana. In 1872 he accepted a call to the Bethel Church of Harford County, Maryland, still retaining his residence in Baltimore. In 1873 he became editor and one of the proprietors of the Presbyterian Weekly of Baltimore. In May of 1875 he was appointed by the Presbytery of Baltimore to represent them in the General Assembly which sat at Cleveland, Ohio. In 1876 he resigned his charge of the Bethel to assume that of the Grove Church, Harford County. From 1860 until the present time Mr. Morrison has been prominently identified 78 613 with the questions that affect the integrity of the Presbyte- rian Church. His father, George Morrison, was a Presby- terian minister, who from 1822 to 1837 preached in Balti- more and Harford counties. He was an accomplished classical teacher, his reputation as such extending through- out the State. His wife, the mother of George Morrison the younger, was Eliza Millington Lovell. The grand- father of the subject of this sketch was Douglass Morrison, who died at his farm, near White Clay Creek Presbyterian Church, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was an elder in that church, as were his father’and grandfather. Five generations of the Morrison family, from 1711, are interred in the cemetery of the above church. Mr. Mor- rison’s maternal grandfather was William Lovell, from London, who settled in Baltimore in the early part of the present century. In August of 1856 Mr. Morrison was married by the Rev. Dr. Robert J. Breckinridge to his daughter, Miss Sally Campbell Breckinridge, at Braedul lane, near Lexington, Kentucky. She dying in 1865, he married the second time, February, 1875, Miss Maggie Register, daughter of Joshua Register, of Baltimore. Mr. Morrison is a gentleman of great force of character and marked individuality, and is one of the ablest ministers in the Presbyterian Church. cao. Wip;UTLER, Rev. Joun Georce, D.D., was born in SA 1826 in Cumberland, Maryland. His parents o were Jonathan and Catharine Butler. His grand- ¥* father, Rev. John George Butler, was for many years a noted minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the pietistic type, and labored in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Mr. Butler’s parents were both con- sistent Christians. His father was to the time of his death a merchant in Cumberland, and esteemed by all who knew him. A very important part of Mr. Butler’s education was gained behind his father’s counter and in managing country stores, of which he had several. A number of years\were spent in the Academy of Cumberland, and in 1846 he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg as 4 partial course student. He went through the regular course in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, and was called to St. Paul’s Church at Washington, D. C., in 1849, of which he was pastor for about twenty-four years. Dr. Butler’s en- tire ministerial life has been spent in Washington. The pulpit of St. Paul’s was probably the first in the Capitol to speak out firmly for the Government after the firing upon Sumter. But whilst unequivocal in sustaining the Gov- ernment, such was the confidence of the people in the moral integrity of the pastor, and ‘such his kindness and gentleness, that many of his people of Southern sympathy were his fastest friends. He was tendered and accepted the Chaplaincy of the Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, one of the first coming to the defence of the Capitol, after April 19, 1861. He was appointed by President Lincoln Hos- 614 pital Chaplain, and served successively in Union Hotel and Seminary hospitals in Georgetown, in Cliffburn and Lin- coln hospitals of Washington, to the close of the war. The Memorial Church of Washington, of which he is now Pastor, was projected in 1866, and dedicated in June, 1874. It is.an attractive and capacious free-seated church, and is supported, as it was erected, wholly by voluntary con- tributions. The Memorial Church is organized upon the broadest basis consistent with scriptural catholicity, and is intended to represent the evangelical type of Christianity promulgated by the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Dr. Butler preaches wholly without notes, and has done so from his early ministry. He is at this time the Senior Pastor of Washington city. Several years ago the honorary degrees of A.M. and D.D. were successively conferred upon him by Pennsylvania College. He was Chaplain of the House of Representatives of the Forty-first, Forty-second and Forty-third congresses, and received the Republican nomination for the same position in the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth congresses. For a number of years he has been one of the Associate Chap- lains of the United States Hospital for the Insane, near Washington. He had from its inception been a member of the Theological Faculty of Howard University, where he now occupies the chair of Church History, Homiletics, and Pastoral Theology. He is a Director in the Theologi- cal Seminary. of Gettysburg, and a Trustee of Pennsylva- nia College. He is a weekly correspondent of the Lucheran Observer, to which he has been a contributor for more than twenty years, and is a member of the Board of For- eign Missions, and the President of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. N AYE WNAM, WILLIAM EvGENE GROoME, retired INK =a Maryland, February 17, 1818. He was the eldest child of William and Margaret (Groome) Newnam, family had long been settled in that county. Her father was born in 1778. His father served in the war of 1812, Admiral Cocheam was killed. William E. G. Newnam was born with defects of speech and hearing, which were only treatment, and which prevented his attending school during his very early years. At the age of fourteen he was placed Appeals of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. When this office was transferred to Annapolis he engaged as clerk to Talbot County. Afterwards he entered the office of James Parrott, Clerk of the Circuit Court of that county, where ‘ Merchant, was born in Millington, Kent County, ® whose marriage took place in 1817. His mother’s and was engaged in the action near Chestertown, in which remedied by the most persevering surgical and medical in the office of Thomas Nicholls, Clerk of the Court of James Price, who for fifty years was Register of Wills for he continued till he reached his majority. He then went BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to Wetumpka, Alabama, to find an opening for business, but returned and became a clerk in the well-known store of John W. Cheezum. He was afterwards engaged in the store of W. H. & P. Groome, to whom he has always felt greatly indebted, not only for the kindness he experienced, but for the business knowledge he there acquired. In July, 1850, he entered into partnership with his cousin, W. H. Newnam, on Kent Island, which was continued for ten years. Conducting his business on the soundest business principles, and satisfied with regular and legitimate profits, Mr. Newnam has been eminently successful, and has accu- mulated a large property, owning several hundred acres of land. His home is in Stevensville. He was married April 15, 1874, to Elmina, daughter of Joseph M. and Jane Smith, of Queen Anne’s County, and has one daughter, Eva Groome. Rev. Joseph E. Smith, D.D., of Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, of the Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, is the brother of Mrs. Newnam. ERKINS, THomas, was born March 12, 1720, in wi Kent County, Maryland. He was the son of a" Daniel and Susannah Starton Perkins. He mar- & ried Ann Hanson, daughter of Judge Frederick and Mary (Lowder) Hanson. He was a very promi- nent, wealthy, and leading citizen of Kent County, a de- yout member of the Episcopal Church, a vestryman of Shrewsbury, and one of the first vestry of Chester Parish when it was organized, February 4, 1766. He died at the White House, Kent County, Maryland, February 21, 1768, leaving a very large and valuable estate. His daughter and heiress, Mary Perkins, married John Wilson, son of George and Margaret (Hall) Wilson, and was the mother of Margaret Wilson, who married Dr. James Black, of Fairfields. LAY, CoLtonet Epwarp, of Blay’s Range, Kent County, Maryland, of English parentage, was a ~ distinguished and zealous member of the Episco- pal Church, and one of the first vestry of Shrews- } bury Parish in Kent County. In 1709-1710 he gave to that parish two acres of land, the ground upon which the present church edifice stands. He was a member of the Maryland Legislature in 1706, 1707, and 1713. His wife, Madame Anne Blay, was buried at Shrewsbury, Au- gust 27,1712. His son, Colonel William Blay, was also a prominent and influential vestryman of Shrewsbury Parish, and represented Kent County in the Legislature of Mary- land in 1714 and 1715. He married Isabella Pearce, daughter of Judge William and Isabella Pearce. His daughter Catharine married, July 27, 1722, John Tilden. His daughter Rachel married Richard Wethered. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. MEARCE, Hon. JAMES ALFRED, was born December 14, 1805, at the residence of his maternal grand- father, Dr. Elisha Cullen Dick, in Alexandria, Virginia. He was the son of Gideon and Julia (Dick) Pearce, of Kent County, Maryland, and the grandson of James Pearce, the son of Gideon Pearce, who married Beatrice Codd, daughter of Colonel St. Ledger Codd. The last-named Gideon Pearce was the son of Judge William Pearce, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. His mother died when he was very young, and his early education was received in Alexandria under the direction of his grandfather. He entered Princeton College at the early age of fourteen, and was graduated in 1822 before he had completed his sixteenth year, dividing the honors of his class with Hugo Mearns, of Pennsylvania, and Edward D. Mansfield, of Ohio, both of whom were men of mature years and minds, and were distinguished in after life. Among his classmates also were George R. Richardson, Attorney-General of Maryland, one of the brightest ornaments of the Maryland bar in his day, and Albert B. Dod, of New Jersey, afterwards a brilliant rheto- rician.and lecturer and a professor in Princeton College. After leaving college Mr. Pearce studied law in Baltimore with the late Judge John Glenn, and was admitted to the bar in 1824. Soon after his coming to the bar he com- menced the practice of his profession in Cambridge, Mary- land, where he remained about a year, after which he went to Louisiana and engaged in sugar planting with his father. He remained there about three years and then re- turned to Kent County, where he spent the remainder of his life. On his return to Maryland he resumed the prac- tice of the law, at the same time cultivating the farm upon which he resided. He was not, however, permitted to de- vote himself to his profession as he desired, for he was early called into public life. In 1831 he was sent to the Legislature of Maryland, and in 1835 was elected a mem- ber of the House of Representatives, and with the excep- tion of a single term, in 1839, when he was defeated by a small majority by Hon. Philip F. Thomas, he was re-elected from time to time till 1843. In 1843 he was elected to the United States Senate, where he served from March 4 of that year, and was continued by four successive elections until his death. During his long period of public service thé Library of Congress, the Botanical Gardens, the Smithsonian Institute, and the Coast Survey Department were favorite objects of his fostering care, and received great and valuable attention from him, while at the same time he discharged with distinguished ability all the duties! of a legislator. He was offered a seat on the bench of the United States District Court for the State of Maryland by President Fillmore, and during the same administration was nominated and confirmed Secretary of the Interior, both of which positions he declined, preferring to remain in the Senate, where he believed he could be more useful to his country. He took a lively interest in the advance- 615 ment and welfare of his county and State. On March 17, 1832, he was elected one of the Visitors and Governors of Washington College, and subsequently in his leisure hours filled the position of Lecturer on Law in that venerable institution. On April 1, 1850, he was elected a Vestryman of Chester Protestant Episcopal Parish. In early life he was a Whig; when that party dishanded in 1856 he be- came a constitutional supporter of the national Democratic party. He married in 1830 Martha J. Laird, who died March 8, 1845, leaving the following children, viz., Catharine Julia Pearce, Charlotte A. Lennox Pearce (Mrs. Crisfield, the gifted poetess), and James Alfred Pearce, who worthily bears the honored name of his distinguished father. Mr. Pearce married again, March 22, 1847, Matilda C. Ringgold, daughter of James Ringgold, and died December 20, 1862, leaving his widow, with one daughter, Mary C. Pearce, and his other children, surviving. He was a gentleman of great and varied culture, and a statesman of enlarged conservative views. He was not a politician in the usual acceptation of the word, and yet he was one of the most successful pub- lic men in Maryland during the period of his life. Honors and offices waited upon him. His success was due entirely to his own individyal merit, his unsullied integrity and capacity for public affairs, and the appreciation of his emi- nent qualities by his fellow-citizens. His death was regarded by men of all parties as a loss to the country, and deplored as a national calamity. He was reputed to be one of the wisest and safest statesmen in the Senate of the United States ; and the minds of the people were turning toward him as a proper candidate for the Presidency, when death removed him from the councils of the nation. wa LACK, Major Grorcg, was born in Londonderry, QA and came to Kent County, Maryland, about the year 1740 with his father, James Black, and settled I at Fairfields, an estate which has never been sold by his descendants. He married in 1770 Margaret Wallace, daughter of Andrew and Eleanor Wallace. He was noted as an ardent advoeate of colonial independence, and for his generous contributions of food and clothing to the Continental army. During the gloomy period of the encampment at Valley Forge Robert Morris depended largely upon his efforts and those of Colonel Isaac Perkins to keep the starving soldiers supplied with food. He always commanded the military escorts of the supply trains, and repeatedly with singular success evaded the British troops lying in wait. He performed this haz- ardous duty with a fidelity and promptness that merited and received the applause and thanks of Washington. His son, Dr. James Black, of Fairfields, born January 4, 1772, married, December 12, 1798, Margaret Wilson, daughter of John and Mary (Perkins) Wilson, and died October 27, 616 1804, leaving two children, viz., Susan Wilson Black, born January 17, 1800, who married, December 22, 1829, Colonel Alexander Baird Hanson, of Woodbury, Kent County, Maryland, and died October 24, 1864, in Fred- erick, Maryland, and Major John Gustavus Black, a memoir of whom is contained in this volume. iy KRACY, Hon. Joun S., Farmer and Legislator, was 3 i born in Howard County, Maryland, in 1829. He x was educated partly in his native county and # partly in the city of Baltimore. After serving as { clerk in a drygoods house in Baltimore for eleven years, he engaged in farming. He served as County Com- missioner of Howard County from 1868 to 1872, and then was elected Sheriff. He was elected to the House of Dele- gates in 1877 on the Democratic ticket. We LACK, JAMES, came from Londonderry to Kent By) ip County, Maryland, about 1740. He was of Scotch- 7 Irish descent and a Presbyterian. His father dis- i tinguished himself in the defence of Londonderry when it was’ besieged by the Roman Catholics in 1698. His children were James, Black; William Black, whose descendants are living in the Carolinas; Martha Black, who married Andrew Kerr; George Black, who married Margaret Wallace; and two daughters, one of whom married John Kilgour, of Pennsylvania. His eldest son, James Black, married, May 11, 1762, Jennette Wallace, daughter of Andrew and Eleanor Wallace, and by his third wife, Mary Rice, was the father of Judge James Rice Black, the grandfather of Hon. James Black Groome, Ex-Gov- ernor of Maryland, now United States Senator. Mary Wallace, who married Hon, Thomas Ward Veazey, Gov- ernor of Maryland, 1835-1838, was his granddaughter by his first wife, Jennette Wallace. SWOSASHIELL, Nicuoras LEEKg, Physician and Sur- D geon, was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, ; July 1, 1814. He was the youngest son of Cap- i tain Henry and Mary (Leeke) Dashiell, a me- moir of whom is contained in this volume. Dr, Dashiell was educated in the Department of Arts and Sci- ences of the University of Maryland, then called Baltimore ‘College, and at St. Mary’s College. In 1835 he entered the office of Professor Nathan R. Smith as a student, and graduated M.D. from the Medical University of Mary- land, in March, 1837. He at once commenced the prac- tice of medicine at his present residence, the house built by his father, on the corner of Broadway and Alice Ann Street, where he has ever since resided. a very extensive practice. He soon acquired He is a general practitioner, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. but has always been especially skilful in surgery. On July 19, 1852, Governor Ligon appointed him Surgeon of the Lafayette Light Dragoons, a volunteer troop of horse, a popular military organization of that time. He still pre- serves the uniform and elegant sword he wore at the parades. He was also appointed Surgeon of the Eagle Artillery, an excellent company, of which, however, the larger part sym- pathized with the Confederate cause, and at the time of the war they were disbanded by the Government, and their arms and accoutrements taken possession of. The sentiments of the company when first expressed to Dr, Dashiell in the excitement of this period were a great surprise to him, He had hastened to meet with them with no other thought than to stand by his country and the flag for which his father had fought, and which he had himself in his oath of office sworn to defend. Dr. Dashiell is one of the oldest and most prominent members of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, having united with that society June 7, 1847. In early life he united with the Masonic frater- nity, and has always taken a deep interest in the prosperity of the Order. In ithe has been advanced to a high degree, and has held many offices of trust and honor. Congress gave his father, Captain Henry Dashiell, a grant of two hundred and forty acres of land for his services in the war of 1812-14. This now valuable property is located in Franklin and Cedar counties, Iowa, and is owned by Dr. Dashiell, He also owns considerable real estate in the city of Baltimore, and valuable and extensive farms in Dorchester and Garrett counties. He was married, De- cember 20, 1855, to Louisa Turpin Wright, daughter of Captain Turpin and Mary H. (Harris) Wright, of Sussex County, Delaware. Her grandfather, Major Benton Harris, was an officer in the war of 1812, Miss Wright graduated at Deer Park Hall, Newark, Delaware, in 1850. Dr. and Mrs, Dashiell have six children, of whom five are living: Henry, Nicholas Leeke, Mary Dashiell, who died at the age of four, George Washington, Mary Leeke, and Louisa T. Dr, Dashiell is a gentleman of high character, and is greatly respected by his professional brethren and the community in which he resides, He is a man of strong individuality, and is very popular with all classes. of Maryland, was born in Frederick City, Mary- land, in 1827. His parents were Christian and Rebecca (Weltzheimer) Steiner. His family is of $ German origin, and one of the oldest in this country. His great-grandfather, John Steiner, was born about the GiyeTEINER, Hon. Lewis Henry, M.D., State Senator a . x *O . year 1750 in Frederick County, within three, miles of the present residence of Dr, Steiner. He commanded a company of militia against the Indians in 1775. The doctor was graduated by and received his degree of Artium Baccalaureus from Marshall College, Mercers- burg, Pennsylvania, in 1846, and Medicine Doctor at the J \ f a z Cy FIT 5 ae Le 7 ¢ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. University of Pennsylvania in 1849. In the same year he commenced the practice of his profession at Frederick. In 1852 he removed to Baltimore and began to lecture on chemistry and toxicology in the private medical institute established by Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar. From that time until 1861 he was Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Columbia College, and of Chemistry and Phar- macy in the National Medical College at Washington, District of Columbia. He was Lecturer on Applied Chem- istry at the Medical Institute, and Lecturer on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy in the College of St. James, and Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of Pharmacy, and held other analogous positions. In 1861 Dr. Steiner returned to Frederick City and renewed his residence there. At the outbreak of the war he took an active in- terest in the Union cause, assisted in raising troops, and as soon as the Sanitary Commission was organized he was appointed Chief Inspector in the Army of the Potomac. In this service he labored indefatigably until the close of the war. He took entire charge of its benevolent work ; saved the soldiers as much as possible from exposure and discomfort, and cared for them in every way in his power. When slavery was abolished and the Freedman’s Bureau organized, he interested himself in the establishment of colored schools all over Maryland, and served as President of the School Board for nearly three years. All this ser- vice he performed without compensation, laying it all gladly as an offering on the altar of his country. Since 1868 he has mainly occupied himself with literary and scientific pursuits. His contributions to the literature and science of the country have been constant since 1851, having published a large number of books and pamphlets, and made valuable translations from the German. He has delivered orations and addresses, contributed to our best periodicals, and been Assistant Editor of the American Medical Monthly since January, 1858. He is one of the Vice-Presidents of the American Missionary Association, a member of the American Medical Association, a corres- ponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, of the Maryland Academy of Sciences, of the Maryland Historical Society, and of the New Haven Colony Historical Society. He is also a member of the American Public Health Association, of which he was Vice-President for one year, and is a member of the Na- tional Academy of Medicine, of which he has been chosen presiding officer. He is a Fellow of the Maryland Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty, and of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, and a trustee of several collegiate and literary institutions. In 1876 he was a member of the Cincinnati Republican Convention, which nominated Mr. Hayes for the Presidency of the United States. He was elected to the State Senate in 1871 by the Republican party of Frederick County, having a majority of three hundred and eighty-nine votes. Four years later, on the expiration of his term, he was re-elected by a ma- 617 jority of four hundred and thirty-six over Ousterbridge Horsey, Esq., the Democratic candidate. In 1866 Dr. Steiner married Miss Sarah Spencer, daughter of Judge Ralph D. Smith, of Guilford, Connecticut. They had six children, five of whom are living. WW UGHEY, Tuomas Cook, Attorney-at-law, Cum- q berland, Maryland, was born July 21, 1839, at a Centreville, Queen Anne’s County, Maryland. gi He is the only surviving child of his parents. His * father was Thomas Hughey, Esq., long known as an upright and honorable citizen of Centreville, who died in 1869 in the fifty-ninth year of his age. His mother was Miss Ann Kent Cook, daughter of Colonel Thomas Bay- nard Cook, and among the oldest and most respected fami- lies of that county. She is still living, advanced in years, and loved and honored by all who know her. Thomas Cook Hughey began his education at a private school, sub- sequently became a pupil at the Centreville Academy, from whence, after completing his preparatory studies, he was sent to Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. From this college he returned to his home in 1857, and at eighteen years of age entered as a student in the law office of Cook & Hopper, of Centreville, the senior mem- ber of the firm being his mother’s brother, a gentleman of great worth, an honor to his profession, and who had served for many years in the Senate of Maryland. After completing his studies Mr. Hughey was admitted to the bar, in August, 1860, and entered on the practice of his profession under the most flattering auspices, but the war breaking out in 1861 his patriotism induced him to devote himself, heart and soul, to what he regarded as the duty of the hour for him—the service of his imperilled country. In 1861, in the face of threatened social ostracism and con- trary to the urgent wishes of his friends, most of whom were on the other side, he organized and equipped, partly out of his own funds, the battalion known as the “« Maryland Zouaves,”’ who did good service in the cause of the Union. By his enthusiastic patriotism Mr. Hughey was brought to the favorable notice and confidence of such menas Governor Hicks, Hon. H, Winter Davis, Major-General Dix, and other prominent gentlemen, to whose memory he yet clings with affectionate attachment. A severe illness, of nine months’ duration, forbade his services in the field, and greatly to his regret this rheumatic affection prevented his future participation in the active services of the war, either with his battalion or otherwise. In 1863 Mr. Hughey was united in marriage to Miss S. Lizzie Carter, an estimable and cultivated lady of his native county. Two children were the fruit of this marriage, only one of whom, a daughter, still survives. In the same year (1863) his health becoming improved Mr, Hughey was nominated on the Republican ticket for State’s Attorney of Queen Anne’s County, and was elected by a handsome majority. Enter- ing on the duties of his office he rapidly rose to popular 618 notice and distinction as a lawyer. Several important and complicated murder cases, among them the celebrated Paca murder trial, occurring during his administration of the office, he won favorable regard from all by his astuteness and the. ability with which he discharged his duty-as an officer of the State, largely augmenting his reputation as a criminal lawyer. But though thus employed at the bar of his native county, he never ceased to put forth the fullest measure of effort for the success of the Union cause and party. Although not twenty-five years of age he exerted a wide influence on the Eastern and Western Shores, and his eloquent speeches in each political canvass evinced his unabated ardor in his country’s interests. From 1860 to 1868 he was in every State Republican convention, serv- ing also during the same period as a member of the State Central Committee. Political life and success for his political friends and party, rather than for himself, at this time seemed to absorb in a large degree all his thoughts and aspirations. In 1867 he removed to Cumberland, Alleghany County, Maryland, believing that rapidly growing city to offer a wider sphere of usefulness, influ- ence, and success. Here he engaged in the practice of law, and for some years continued in active political life, winning many friends and receiving frequent eulogy from the press, both as a lawyer and eloquent public speaker. In 1874 he became the head of the law firm of Hughey, Brace & Richmond in that city, and a large and successful practice came into the hands of this firm. In 1877, from threatened injury to his health, he withdrew from that firm, and shortly thereafter began for himself such a prac- tice as he could attend to without strain on his enfeebled system. This individual practice soon became not only satisfactory but large and lucrative. In 1879, in conse- quence of increasing trouble to his nervous system and for the purpose of seeking, in change of place, a tonic and remedial help, he temporarily removed to Washington, D.C. Mr. Hughey is a member in high standing of the Knights of Pythias, Heptasophs, and other secret orders. He is the Senior Past Grand Dictator of the Grand Lodge of Maryland of the “ Knights of Honor,” and also a mem- ber of the “Supreme Lodge of the World.”” In March, 1878, he was elected as Representative to the “ Supreme Lodge of the World,” attended its session held in Nash- ville, Tennessee, in May of that year, and in the following March was again chosen as Supreme Representative to the same body, which meets in Boston, Massachusetts, in May, 1879. Mr. Hughey is of slender frame, yet graceful in his movements, and very popular with his friends. Though modest he is possessed of large will-power; is of a kindly and generous nature, urbane in his deportment, and strictly temperate in hishabits. He is endowed richly as to talent, and as well at the bar as on the hustings is a brilliant speaker. Should his health permit the exertion needed, his friends anticipate for him a brilliant, happy, and suc- cessful future. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. @WeMITH, BENJAMIN EVERETT, Editor of the Worcester iy) County Shield, residing at Snow Hill, Maryland, “ae was born in Georgetown, Kent County, April 4, “Y 1823, being the second son of the late Rev. Purnell Fletcher and Mary Wright (Everett) Smith. He was educated principally by private teachers employed by his parents at his home, and by his father. From his earliest reading the Bible interested him more than any other book, and as he grew older he purposed to prepare himself for the Episcopal ministry, but after some time spent in the study of divinity, he became tinctured with Universalism, of the falsity of which, however, he was finally convinced, but thought it was then too late to resume his studies, a decision he has since greatly regretted. For two years he devoted himself to the study of the law in Philadelphia, but becoming dissatisfied with the profession he gave up his studies when just ready to be admitted to the bar. Previously to this, in 1839, while undecided what profes- sion he should choose, he obtained his father’s consent to learn the printing business, and proceeded in the fall of that year to Philadelphia, where, binding himself simply by his word, he served out an apprenticeship of three years. Having reached his majority in 1844 he sold some real estate which had been left him in Maryland, and bought a large printing office in the above city, which he conducted with profit until he was induced to become the publisher of unpopular though useful books and of an unsuccessful newspaper. In consequence his affairs ‘be- came embarrassed, and in 1845 he was forced to sell his printing office, reserving only a press and type. With this he proceeded to Snow Hill, where his brother had that year entered upon the practice of law and desired also to start a newspaper. Accordingly they commenced the issue of the Worcester Shield, Mr. Benjamin E. Smith taking charge of it for the first five months. After starting it successfully he left it in the hands of his brother, and in the fall of 1846 went to Baltimore, where he commenced the publication of a short-lived election paper. After the elec- tion of President Taylor in 1848 he went to Washington, and remained there as correspondent of a number of papers till November, 1849, when he was appointed Consul to the Turk’s and Caicos Islands, belonging to the Bahamas, where he remained ten years, fulfilling the duties of his office with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. In Janu- ary, 1851, he was there united at the English church with Elizabeth S. Hayward, of Bermuda, niece of the Secretary of the Turk’s Island Colony. Leaving the Islands in 1859, he published a newspaper in New York with success, until he took in a partner with more capital than judgment, and the paper was finally abandoned. In 1861 he bought the Shield of his brother in Snow Hill, who was desirous of devoting his whole time to his profession. This paper has from that time been conducted by Mr. B. E. Smith with ability and success. He was in 1867 elected as a Delegate to the Legislature from Worcester County, and in the ses- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. sion of 1868 was Chairman of the Committee on Printing and one of the Committee on Public Instruction. In politics Mr. Smith claims to be independent, though he has always been Democratic in principle. During the war he upheld the Union and the Constitution, notwithstanding he was in 1863 imprisoned for awhile in Fort McHenry through some misinterpretation of his editorials. In 1844 he was made an Odd Fellow in Philadelphia Lodge, No. 13, and in 1849 was made a Mason in St. John’s Lodge, No. 11, Washington city. While residing at the Islands he was for two years Master of Turk’s Island Lodge, No. 930, and was afterwards made Grand Junior Warden of the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Bahamas. Also, while at the Islands, he frequently visited the Spanish port of St. Domingo, and since 1850 has been a strong advocate of the annexation of that part of the island. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have had ten children, seven sons and three daughters, of whom four sons and two daughters are now living, all residing with their parents at Snow Hill. Bo: Major JOHN GUSTAVUS, was born, Decem- SAD ber 31, 1802, at Fairfields, Kent County, Mary- "7 land. He was the son of Dr. James and Mar- f garet (Wilson) Black, and the grandson of Major George Black, a sketch of whom is contained in this volume. His mother, Mrs. Margaret (Wilson) Black, was the daughter of John and Mary (Perkins) Wilson. John Wilson was the son of George and Margaret (Hall) Wil- son, of Castle Cairy, Kent County, Maryland, and the grandson of Hon. George and Mary (Kennard) Wilson, of Broad Oak, Kent County, Maryland. Hon. George Wil- son represented Kent County in the Legislature of Mary- land from 1728 to 1747, and died in 1748. He was the son of James Wilson, of Old Field Point, Kent County, Maryland, a native of Scotland, who died, at an advanced age, in 1732. Mrs. Mary (Perkins) Wilson was the daughter of Thomas and Ann (Hanson) Perkins, of the White House, Kent County. Thomas Perkins was born March 12, 1720, in Kent County, Maryland. , He was the son of Daniel Perkins, from Wales, who married in May, 1715, Susanna Starton. Mrs, Ann (Hanson) Perkins was the daughter of Judge Frederick Hanson, of Kent County, and the granddaughter of Colonel Hans Hanson, of Kim- bolton, who was lineally descended, through his grand- father, Colonel Hanson, of the Swedish Army, from Roger de Rastrick, who was seated at Rastrick, in the Parish of Halifax, York County, England, in the year 1251. After receiving a liberal education Major Black devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. He married, June 4, 1833, Alphonsa Cummins, of Smyrna, Delaware, and lived for a number of years at his farm and ancestral home, Fairfields, in Kent County, where his four children were born, viz., James Edgar Black, Susan Cummins Black, Margaret Wil- son Black, and Eugenia Black. Margaret Wilson Black 619 married, November 3, 1870, Dr. George S. Culbreth, United States Navy, who died November 24, 1877, lost at sea off Kitty Hawk, coast of North Carolina, in the United States sloop of war Huron, leaving his wife and daughter,.Susan Black Culbreth. Mrs. Alphonsa (Cummins) Black was the daughter of John and Susan (Wilson) Cummins, of Smyrna, Delaware, who was related to Right Rev. George D. Cum- mins, D.D., of the Reformed Episcopal Church, and was the granddaughter of Daniel Cummins. Mrs. Susan (Wilson) Cummins was the daughter of George and Susan (Holli- day) Wilson. George Wilson was the son of George and Margaret (Hall) Wilson, of Castle Cairy, previously men- tioned. Mrs. Susan (Holliday) Wilson was the daughter of Robert and Phoebe (Morris) Holliday. Mrs. Phoebe (Morris) Holliday was the daughter of James and Mar- . garet (Cook) Morris. James Morris was the son of An- thony Morris, who was born, August 23, 1651, at St. Dun- stan’s, Stepney, London, married January 30, 1676, Mary Jones, and died October 24, 1721. Major Black removed to Smyrna, Delaware, in 1845, where he spent the remain- der of his life, beloved and respected by all who knew him. During the Mexican war he was appointed a Major by Hon. William Temple, Governor of Delaware, but the cares of a young family and of a large landed estate con- strained him to decline. In his habits and tastes he was very domestic, and found his chief source of happiness in the home circle. His filial piety and devotion were noticea- ble traits in his character. When he died he was the owner of Fairfields, Kent County, Maryland, the estate upon which his first paternal American ancestor, James Black, settled in 1740, and which has to the present day never been sold. He also owned “ White House,” in Kent County, the es- tate where Washington was hospitably entertained by Mr. John Wilson in 1784, and which has been in his possession and of his paternal ancestors for more than a century and ahalf. He was quiet and unobtrusive in his manner, genial, sympathetic, and generous. In all his business transac- tions he was scrupulously honest,—a man of his word,—of unblemished honor and unsullied integrity, and exemplary Christian character. He died after a brief illness at half past eight o’clock, Wednesday morning, June 5, 1878, at home, and in the presence of his devoted wife and four children. His remains repose in St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Cemetery, near Smyrna, Delaware. He had been a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church for many years, and was at one time a vestryman of Shrews- bury Parish, Kent County, Maryland. SOBBIN, Hon. GEORGE WASHINGTON, one of the 1) Judges of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, was born in that city July 14,1809. He was edu- cated at Wentworth Academy, under Dr. Boisseau, and at St. Mary’s College, Baltimore. He studied law in the University of Maryland, where he took the de- ° 620 gree of Bachelor of Law, and was admitted to the bar April 2, 1830. In June, 1846, he was commissioned Lieu- tenant-Colonel of Cavalry of Maryland, with the view to the organization of the militia of the State during the war with Mexico, He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Maryland of 1867, and was Chairman of its Judiciary Committee. He was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, the duties of which position he entered upon November 20, 1867. Judge Dobbin was one of the founders of the Maryland Histori- cal Society. For many years he was one of the Board of Visitors of the Maryland Hospital for the Insane. He was for a long time a Director of the Baltimore Library Com- pany, and is now a Trustee of the Peabody Institute, as also of the Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is a Regent of the University of Maryland, and Dean of the Law Faculty therein. In 1871he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Maryland. Judge Dobbin is still upon the bench, and an act was passed hy the Legislature of Maryland in 1878, to permit him to remain thereon after his attaining the age of seventy-five years. Though “threescore years and ten,” Judge Dobbin is in the full possession of all his mental faculties, and his rulings and decisions evidence the pos- session of the highest order of judicial knowledge and ability. He was married June 27, 1831. VON: CCLENAHAN, EsENEzER Dickey, Contractor, aL s e was born, November 22, 1806, in Cecil County, re Maryland. His parents were James McClena- ‘i “han and Mary Biddle. His grandparents emi- grated to America and settled in Cecil County about 1750. Their children were John, James, Mary, Margaret, Elizabeth, and Ellen. His grandparents on the paternal side, Samuel and Ellen, were Scotch-Irish ; maternal side were English and. Welsh. The country schools of that day afforded him his early education. When about ten years of age he attended the first Sunday- school that was organized in Maryland. That school was instituted by Sarah Wilson, daughter of Rev. John Wilson, a seceding Presbyterian minister. Mr. Wilson was an Englishman and proprietor of the New Leeds Factory. The school was opened in the spring of 1816. Mr. Mc- Clenahan has been connected with the Sunday-school ever since as scholar, teacher, and active worker. In 1832 he joined the first temperance society that was formed in Cecil County, and he has been noted for his labors and ad- vanced views in the cause of temperance from that time. He was early apprenticed to a wheelwright and coach- maker, and after serving his apprenticeship removed to Elkton. Being a stranger and without means or influence, he felt the importance of carefulness in the formation of acquaintances. In 1828, although he had been reared under Presbyterian influence and taught in its faith, he connected BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for more than fifty years has been an active and useful mem- ber. In 1832 he commenced business on his own account in Port Deposit. There he married Margaret J., youngest daughter of John and Elizabeth Megredy. Subsequently for several years he engaged in quarrying granite, aided by his brother-in-law, Daniel Megredy, who was extensively engaged in that business. His sons succeeded him, and are now the leading men in that line. Since quitting the quarrying of granite Mr. McClenahan has been engaged in real estate speculations and in contracting. His varied businesses have called him into twenty-one States. He is a man of energy and decision of character; generous in his impulses and strong in his attachments; a hater of shams and bold for the truth. His wife died February r2, 1877, on her sixty-eighth birthday. Their children are John Megredy, who married Laura Jane Farron, whose surviving children are Virginia, Charles Alfred, Mary, John, William, Howard, Robert Emory, and Walter. Daniel Megredy McClenahan, the second son, is unmarried. Their third son, Robert Emory, married Elizabeth Perry; they have one child, Alice Perry McClenahan. Walter, the fourth son, died June 19, 1876. Their eldest daughter, Mary, married Samuel Rowland Carson, and have children, Walter M. and John C. Carson. Their other daughter, Sarah W., married Joseph W. Reynolds; she died October 3, 1876, leaving children, Jacob Tome, Caroline Tome, Jesse, Mabel, Bertha, Robert Megredy, and Joseph Webb Reynolds. ay y ILKENS, WIL.1Am, Senior Member of William Wilkens & Co., manufacturers of curled hair and bristles, was born, October 13, 1817, in Oster- linde, near Lesse, Dukedom of Brunswick, Ger- many. His parents, Christian and Amelia (Deppe) Wilkens, were members of the Lutheran Church and highly respected. His father was a farmer, but afterward con- ducted a small drygoods store in Lesse, to which place he removed soon after William’s birth. About the year 1825 they removed to Hildersheim, where William was educated in a common school, the tuition fee being about fifty cents per quarter. After leaving school he spent several years in a drygoods store. Desiring to come to America, and there being no railroads in his country in those days, he walked to Bremen, one hundred miles distant, where he took ship for New York, about the year 1836. He went at once to Philadelphia and commenced his business career on a capital of eighteen cents. In 1837 he entered as an employé in the silk-weaving factory of William Horstmann, and remained with him about one year. While in Phila- delphia he boarded with H. Gerker, who was engaged in the manufacture of curled hair on a limited scale, and from whom he received the idea of entering into the same busi- Having accumulated a small sum, he commenced ness, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. a general trading business. In 1839 he went to New Or- leans by water, and with a Mr. Steckheim conducted fora brief period the furniture business. From thence he went to Texas, and traded between Texas and New Orleans for about six months. The last trip tothe Crescent City proved a disastrous one, on account of the drowning of some of his mules while fording a stream. In 1841 he went to Phila- delphia, trading as he went. He spent about eighteen months in Pennsylvania, where he married, and went on a visit to his aged father in Germany. Returning to America he decided to locate in Baltimore, finding it a good mar- ket for hair goods ; and there being no factory in that city, he concluded to establish a business similar to that of Gerker’sin Philadelphia. He accordingly rented a part of Colson’s glue factory, near Ross Street, and commenced in 1843 the curled hair and glue business. His former trading in the raw material gave him peculiar advantages in that line, and led him to associate the bristle business with that already established. He successfully conducted his operations; and finding that he required larger accom- modations, leased a lot on the Frederick Road of Charles Carroll, about one hundred feet front, and built a factory. He subsequently purchased other ground, and constantly enlarged his establishment until it now covers about fifteen acres, with all the most approved machinery, part of which even assorts the sizes of the bristles. The territory around it has also been increased, so that it now embraces about one hundred and fifty acres, upon which dwellings for the workmen are erected and avenues laid out. Mr. Wilkens employs about four hundred persons constantly. A branch railroad track is run into his factory for the shipment of curled hair, bristles, etc., to all parts of the country. Con- siderable quantities are also shipped to Europe, while but little of the crude material is imported, this being the best market for the raw material. The first telephone in Balti- more was laid between their extensive iron-front ware- house on Pratt Street and the factory, to supersede the tele- graph used by them. They have branch houses in New York, Chicago, and St. Louis, where much of the raw ma- terial is collected. The bristle business was added in . 1853, when Mr. Wilkens associated with him Mr. Herman H. Graue, a gentleman of fine business qualifications, who has entire control of the books and financiering of the con- cern, and who worthily represents the firm during the fre- quent tripsof Mr. Wilkens to Europe, Egypt, Palestine, and other countries. The manufacturing establishment of Messrs. Wilkens & Co. is a source of pride to all who de- sire the prosperity of Baltimore as a manufacturing centre. He has been a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic fraternities for several years, but his business engagements have prevented his taking an active partin them. He was the originator of the railway between Baltimore and Ca- tonsville, and has now the controlling stock. Mr. Wilkens was married twice. By his first wife he has three children, and two by his second. 79 621 CWeMITH, Henry, Builder, was born, October 3, 1831, at’ Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. He is of German : ancestry. In 1846 he came with his parents to § Baltimore. He served a term of apprenticeship with ‘John Meiser, and afterward with W. Robinson, in the carpenter business, in all covering a period of six years. After working about three years as a journeyman, he acted as foreman for John D. Long for about five years. In 1859 he commenced business on his own account. Be- ing well known as an efficient and reliable workman, he at once secured a good business, which by industry, care, and perseverance he gradually increased until it assumed large proportions. For a number of years he has had as many as two hundred men in his employment at one time. He has sometimes had as high as thirty buildings in hand at the same time in different parts of the city. Some of the finest dwellings, business houses, and warehouses in Balti- more have been built by Mr. Smith. His work is always executed under his own inspection, and put up in the most substantial manner, He has never yet failed in giving satisfaction, and those for whom he has erected build- ings have so much confidence in him that in mariy instances the work is intrusted to his judgment and the cost to his honor, without any contract being made. Mr. Smith isa member of the Lutheran church on Jackson Square, of which he has been a Trustee for a number of years. He is a Director in the German American Bank. He married * Elizabeth C., daughter of George W. Dietz, of Germany, July 26, 1852. He has five children living, three sons and two daughters. His oldest son, Henry, has been a partner in the business for some years. CMA GYsSISHER, Harry, Senior Member of the banking a a house of Williay Fisher & Sons, Baltimore, was eS) born in Baltimore, January 12, 1840. His parents a were William and Jane Alricks Fisher, both deceased. His father was one of the most prominent bankers of Baltimore ; he died in 1867. Mr. Fisher received his edu- cation at St. Mary’s College and at Topping’s. After leaving school in 1857 he entered his father’s office, where he cultivated strict business habits and tastes. He became associated with his father in the banking business in 1860, under the above firm name, and has remained in the same business and firm since that time, having become the se- nior member in 1873, in which position he still continues. Mr. Fisher was personally and successfully engaged in im- portant negotiations for the purchase of the interest of the city of Wheeling in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and also of the interest of the State of Maryland in the same road, as also in the placing a large proportion of the five million five per cent. bonds issued in 1878 by the city of Baltimore. By strict integrity and business ability he has maintained the house of William Fisher & Sons in increasing prosperity and standing, The house is 622 now composed of Harry Fisher and Parks Fisher. In as- sociation with several prominent citizens he was instru- mental in 1874 in establishing the American District Tele- graph system in the city of Baltimore; and having been elected President of the company at its organization, he has remained so since. The Baltimore company is probably the most successful one of its kind in the United States. In the years 1866 and 1871 Mr. Fisher travelled extensively in Europe. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Democrat. In 1866 he mar- ried Mrs. Serena McLane, widow of Captain George Mc- Lane, of the United States Army, and daughter of James Vanall, an old and respected merchant of Baltimore, now deceased. They have four children. Physically, Mr. Fisher is robust and of florid complexion. He is devoted to business, but cultivates literary and scientific pursuits. CAPO GWE MMICK,GrorGE ARMISTEAD, Ex-Associate Judge e i) . of the Orphans’ Court of Howard County, and at . present Justice of the Peace in Baltimore, was ‘ born in Baltimore, March 17, 1818. He remained in that city until the twenty-third year of his age, where he attended various schools and acquired a knowl- edge of the shoe manufacturing business. In 1841 he re- moved to Prince George’s County, where he prosecuted the above vocation for two years, and subsequently re- moved to Howard County, where he successfully carried on the same business for ten years. Whilst a resident of Howard County Mr. Hemmick occupied for four years the position of Associate Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Howard County, under an appointment by Governor Philip Francis Thomas. He performed the duties of that office with such acceptability as to cause his election for another . term, under the change in the State Constitution creating it an elective position. His appointment and subsequent nomination for and election to that position emanated from the Democratic Conservative party, of which Mr. Hemmick is a devoted member. During the last year of the term for which he was elected he resigned his office and returned to his native city, where he resumed his early vocation, and continued therein until 1868, when he was appointed by Governor Thomas Swann a Justice of the Peace for Baltimore city, which position he has held con- Thy? tinuously to the present day. The father of the subject of. this sketch, Jacob Hemmick, was a native of Westmoreland County, Virginia, where the paternal progenitors of the family, who were originally from Germany, settled prior to the American Revolution. His maternal ancestors were of Irish descent. In 1838 Mr. Hemmick married Miss Ann C. Shipley, daughter of Benjamin Shipley, an exten- sive agriculturist of Anne Arundel County. Mrs. Hemmick died in 1868, and the surviving children of the marriage are two sons and five daughters, Both as a public officer and as a private citizen, Mr, Hemmick is highly respected. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, or ArtTuHuR, M.D., was born in Kent County, IX Delaware, June 14, 1816, On his mother’s side 3 he was of Scotch descent. His father, William ap Rich, was of English ancestry, and a native of the State of Maryland. Dr. Rich was brought up by his uncle, Dr. Arthur Rich, then residing in Cambridge, Dorchester County, and who carefully superintended his education. He attended school at Cambridge until he was eighteen years of age, when he went to Baltimore, and studied medicine under the direction of his uncle, who had removed to that city. He also attended three courses of lectures at the Maryland University, and graduated in 1836. He then entered into partnership with his uncle, under the firm name of A. Rich & Nephew, which con- tinued until his uncle’s death. At the breaking out of the civil war, Dr. Rich was commissioned Surgeon, and served in the hospitals at Washington, Baltimore, and Alexandria, Virginia; and since has been practicing in Baltimore, his present location being at No. 20 North Fremont Street. He is a member of the Maryland Chirur- gical Faculty, and served for a number of years as Secre- tary to the Executive Committee. Dr. Rich was an old- line Whig in the days of that party, and was a member of the Union League of Maryland. He was always a strong and unconditional Union man, and proved well his devo- tion to his country during the late war. He is now a firm Republican. He was brought up in the communion of the Episcopal Church, and taught many years in the Sab- bath-school. On July 7, 1842, Dr. Rich was united in marriage with Sarah, daughter of the late Dr. George A. Dunkel, of Baltimore, the ceremony being performed by the late Dr. Wyatt. The issue of this marriage was seven children, four sons and three daughters, of whom only one, a son thirty years of age, is now living. Yo oes. ANDREW JACKSON, second son of IX Thomas and Annie Randolph, was born in ;* Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, March 13, 1815. He was the fifth in descent from Edward Fitz Ran- dolph, who was married to Elizabeth Blossom in the year 1646, both having come from Nottingham, Eng- land, in the May Flower. Young Randolph was carefully educated by his father, who in his son’s minority was one of the most successful school-teachers of Baltimore. When about fifteen years of age he was placed under the care of John A. Robb, of Baltimore, to learn the art of shipbuilding. He was able to master its most difficult problems before attaining his majority, and at the age of twenty-two was considered one of the best draughtsmen in naval architecture. He was united in marriage June 7, 1837, with Mary Ann, daughter of Alexander Despeaux, a prominent shipbuilder of Baltimore. In 1839 he en- tered into partnership with William Bailey, the firm assuming the name of Bailey & Randolph. Their ship- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. yard was located on Fell’s Street near Thames, in the eastern section of Baltimore. In 1843 he changed his business, engaging in the lumber trade. The firm of Randolph, Golibart & Co, continued until 1865, when Mr. Golibart withdrew, and the business was conducted under the name of Randolph Brothers & Co., which it bears to the present time. It is now under the management of his son-in-law, Ferdinand Trotten, and of his son, Lewis W. Randolph, In all the business relations and transactions of Mr. Randolph, he exhibited the strictest integrity ; his word was his bond. In 1832, when only seventeen years of age, he connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church, in East Baltimore Station. This station was after- “wards divided, when he by the division became a member of the Broadway Station. In this church he continued through life, and was earnest and energetic in advancing its interests, In the Sunday-school work in particular he manifested the deepest concern, often expressing his belief that the future prosperity of the Church depended mainly on the careful instruction of tte young. He was eminently successful in this department, first as a teacher, and after- wards as superintendent; also as a steward and a class- leader in the church he displayed a remarkable adaptation, feeling at all times the responsibility resting upon him. He was never connected with any association of a secret or political character. He was an old-line Whig until the dissolution of that party, when he became a Republi- can, and a firm and uncompromising advocate of the emancipation of the colored race. Liberal in the extreme, he was also exceedingly careful and conscientious in the bestowal of his gifts, efftdeavoring to make each accomplish the greatest amount of good. In his social relations he was one of the most genial and pleasant companions, full of life and vivacity, but always careful of the feelings of every one around him. In the years 1859-60, while Hon. Thomas Swann was Mayor of Baltimore, he was a School Commissioner, which was tise only public office he ever held. Mr. Randolph was of medium height. He died March 17, 1874, aged fifty-nine years, leaving behind him his wife, one son, and two daughters. Con. (WeOMER, Cuar es C., was born, November 1, 1847, 5 ° at Baltimore, Maryland. His. father, Christopher ax Homer, a native of Hanover, Germany, came to ?f * Baltimore about 1827. Shortly after his arrival he entered into the bacon business, and was one of the pioneers in that branch of trade, In 1866 he retired with a competency. Charles C. Homer received the rudi- ments of his education in Baltimore. Being an only child, his father determined to give him the advantages of a thorough education. Accordingly, in 1862, he entered Georgetown College, graduating in 1867. After gradua- tion he became for a few months clerk in the paint, oil, 623 and glass business with F, T. Holthaus & Son, of Balti- more. He was then called to settle the estate of his uncle, James Husgen, which occupied him about three years. In 1869 he married Fanny M., daughter of F. T. Holthaus, of Baltimore. He has had five children, four of whom are living. In 1870 he became a partner with R. H. Carr & Son, in the wholesale hardware business. This partner- ship continued two years. He then for eleven months became bookkeeper and salesman for Mr, John N. Foss, with whom he became associated as partner in 1873. The success of the firm is largely attributable to Mr. Homer’s thorough knowledge of the business, and his kindly and courteous disposition. President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, was the eldest son of Peter and Elizabeth A. (Brown) ¥* Gorman, and was born in Howard County, Maryland, March rr, 1839. His father was a farmer and a large contractor on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, with which he was connected for many years. He wasa native of Baltimore. His grandfather, John Gorman, came to America from Ireland in the year 1800, and settled in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; he afterward removed to Bal- timore. His mother descended from the family of Samuel Brown, who were of English blood, but came from Scot- land to this country before the Revolution, and took part in that war, fighting bravely in the cause of American freedom. Of this family, also, two great-uncles of Mr. Gorman distinguished themselves in the war of 1812. The advantages of education which Mr. Gorman enjoyed in early life were very limited. He attended the public school in Howard County for only a brief period, when, in 1852, at the early age of thirteen, he went to Washington, and through the influence of Judge Edward Hammond, then a member of Congress from Maryland, and of Senator Stephen A. Douglas, secured a position as Page in the United States Senate. Here his amiable and obliging dis- position, and his prompt performance of duties, made him a general favorite. He was advanced from one position of trust to another, under the rules of promotion, till he had held every subordinate office in that body, except that of Sergeant-at-arms. The Senate became Republican in 1861, but such was his popularity, that although he was a pronounced Democrat he was retained in its service. In 1866, after he had been in that service for fourteen years, and was then Postmaster to the Senate, he became very active in opposition to the effort to impeach President Johnson. This gave offence to the Republican majority, and caused his removal. Immediately Reverdy John- son, Thomas A. Hendricks, and other Democratic mem- bers of the Senate, with Hon. Montgomery Blair, united in a petition to the President to secure his appointment as Collector of Internal Revenue of the Fifth District reste Hon. ARTHUR P., State Senator and 624 of Maryland, which was granted, making his commis- sion to date frém the day of his removal. Messrs. Fessenden, of Maine, Morgan, of New York, and other conservative Republicans, united with the minority to secure his confirmation. He entered upon the office to which he had been appointed, continuing to discharge its duties until April, 1869, soon after the accession of Gen- eral Grant to the Presidential chair. The Fifth District comprised all the southern tier of counties down to Point Lookout, and had always been regarded as one of the most difficult tv manage. Its accounts had never been closed up, yet when Mr. Gorman left the office, his were closed in less than six months, it being the first time in the history of the district that this had been done. In the autumn of -1869, having already taken an active part in the political contests of the time, he was elected, with Judge William McCormick, to represent his county in the House of Dele- gates. His influence began to be decidedly felt before the end of the first session. During the same year he was ap- pointed one of the Directors of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. He was returned to the House for the succeeding term of 1872, and elected to the Speakership by an almost unanimous vote of his partyin caucus. Im- mediately after the adjournment of the session he was elected President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which office he still holds. In 1875 he was elected to the Senate for four years, to succeed Hon, John Lee Carroll, the present Governor of the State. In 1877 he was ap- pointed Chairman of the State Central Committee of the Democratic party. He was at first opposed to the Consti- tutional Amendments, but when they became a part of the National fundamental law he was in favor of recognizing them, and with the Hon. Fred. Stone proposed and secured from the State an appropriation of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for the education of the colored people; coming down from his chair and advocating the measures on the fioor of the House. He is in favor of the Govern- ment paying its just obligations to the letter, and is as far removed as possible from anything that savors of repudia- tion. The canal of which he is President had not been a profitable investment, but during the five years of his able administration has been made to yield a net revenue of over one million dollars, being more than double the amount earned during the twenty years previous. There has never been a defaulter in any of the offices connected with the canal. Mr. Gorman is one of the most conspicu- ous men in the State, and the acknowledged leader of the Democratic party. This position has been accorded him not from any prestige of wealth ot family, but solely on account of his magnificent abilities. His personal popu- larity, his success in harmonizing the conflicting elements and interests in his own party and in sustaining party discipline, his wisdom in council, his force, calmness, and cool courage, united with his life-long experience in polliti- cal life, eminently fit him for the leadership in the public BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. affairs of a great State. His experience of “fourteen years in the United States Senate, where the greatest men of the country were dealing constantly with the profoundest questions of Government at the most critical period of the nation’s history, gave Mr. Gorman a field of observation and a school of political discipline which has peculiarly fitted him for the position in which he has been placed in his native State. He was married in March, 1867, to Miss H. Donagan, of Pennsylvania, and has six children. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church, to which he also inclines. eis es, Hon. Joun A. J., was born, November | Is 18, 1828, at Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland, x a thriving town on the east bank of the Susque- Y~ hanna River, about five miles from its mouth. Before 1 its incorporation in 1824 it was known as Creswell’s Ferry. The larger part of the town is built on the estate formerly owned by his grandfather, Colonel John Creswell, and still in possession of the family. His father, John Creswell, the only child of Colonel John Creswell, after representing his native county of Cecil in the House of Delegates of Maryland, in the session of 1828-29, died May 12, 1831, at the early age of twenty-nine, leaving the subject of this sketch when but a little over two years of age, together with three infant sisters, to the sole care of his mother, Rebecca E. Creswell, formerly Rebecca E. Webb, the eldest daughter of Jonathan and Rachel Webb, of Pine Grove, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Creswells are of English origin. Robert Creswell is en- rolled as one of the subscribers to the Company for Vir- ginia previous to 1620; and from him sprang the branch of the family that sailed up the Chesapeake and settled on the banks of the Susquehanna, where some of their descendants. have ever since resided. Robert Creswell, brother of Colonel John Creswell, removed to Augusta, Georgia, in 1795. The children of this Robert were six in number: 1. John, who remained at Augusta. 2. Mar- tha, wife of John Phinizy, a planter, near Augusta. 3. Ann, wife of William Sims, of Montgomery, Alabama. 4. Jane M., wife of Gassaway B. Lamar, formerly of Augusta, but afterwards of New York city. Mrs, Lamar and six of her children were lost on the ill-fated steamer Pulaski, off the coast of North Carolina, June 14, 1838. Charles A. L. Lamar, who alone of her children escaped that deplorable disaster, was killed at Columbus, Georgia, in 1865, while serving with conspicuous gallantry as an officer in the Confederate Army. 5. Samuel, who died without issue; and 6. Mary, wife of General George W. Summers, of Augusta. Rachel Webb, ée Rachel Ashe, the mother of Rebecca E. Webb, was the granddaughter of Dr. Daniel Heinrich Esch, Anglice Ashe, or Ash, of Hachenburg, Germany. He was a member of the Re- formed Church, and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1741; but was lost at sea in 1747 while returning to his native 1 Bank Note CoNow dark BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. land to recover an estate to which he had become entitled in his absence. Through Jonathan Webb, his maternal grandfather, Mr. Creswell is descended in the fifth degree from Richard and Elizabeth Webb, who were prominent and influential leaders in the Society of Friends. The Webbs emigrated from Gloucester, England, in 1699, after the return of Elizabeth from a previous visit to America, and settled at Birmingham, Chester County, Pennsylvania, near where the battle of Brandywine was fought seventy- eight years afterwards. Elizabeth Webb was a most in- trepid and zealous missionary of her religion. Her en- thusiasm and courage were unbounded. In her diary, written in her own strongly-marked chirography, and still preserved, she recounts the details of a voyage she made to America with Mary Rogers as her companion in 1697, “upon truth’s service only.’ Leaving husband and children, and all the comforts and delights of home, she embarked at Bristol, November 16, and braved the perils of a winter passage across the Atlantic. More courageous than the Apostles of old, she stood as a pillar of strength amid the storms, and even when the ship was covered with waves and appeared to be sinking, she in- spired by her exhortations and example a renewed forti- tude in many who “ were in great distress because death seemed to approach near unto them.’’ On February 5 they came to anchor within the Capes of Virginia, and a few days thereafter effected a landing. Regardless of the inclemency of the season, she forthwith started upon her appointed mission. Crossing the bay, she traversed the Eastern Shore from Accomac to Cecil, and proceeding through Delaware into Pennsylvania made her first halt at Philadelphia. Thence moving through West and East Jersey, she passed by water successively to New York, Long Island, and Newport, where she arrived June 13, 1698. She then visited Boston, Salem, Salisbury, Hamp- ton, Dover, Amesbury, Lynn, and Scituate. Returning to Boston, she held “‘a heavenly meeting there,’ which caused her to exclaim, “ It is the day of Boston’s visitation after her great cruelty to the servants of the Lord.” Facing southward, she retraced her steps across Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island, the intervening Sound, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Vir- ginia, and travelled fifty miles into Carolina, “through the wilderness, the swamps, and deep waters.” Having reached the limit of her long and appalling journey, she at last reverted to the place of her debarkation. Taking passage in the good ship Elizabeth and Mary, Frederick Johnson master, for herself and her friend and companion, Elizabeth Lloyd, a daughter of Thomas Lloyd, who was Deputy-Governor of Pennsylvania under William Penn, they set sail March 20, 1699, from the mouth of the Chesapeake, and May 22 following landed at Plymouth, “all in good health of body and peace of mind,” in thankfulness for which she devoutly wrote, “ our souls do bow before the Majesty of the Great God, whose power 625 and preserving hand we witnessed to be with us upon the mighty waters.” In the performance of the arduous duties which her religious fervor imposed upon her, she accepted the Holy Spirit as her infallible guide. When- soever It called, she obeyed; whatsoever It counselled, she executed; wheresoever It led, she followed. Active, vigilant, laboring, exhorting, preaching, praying, never quailing before obstacles or dangers; submitting willingly to the severest privations and sufferings, and confronting death itself unflinchingly, she endeavored to illustrate in herself the precepts of Him whom she acknowledged as the divine impersonation of her faith and the strong foun- dation of her hopes. Through cold and heat, wet and dry, beating tempest and burning sunshine, undeterred by the-noxious malaria of an unaccustomed climate and the dreadful solitudes of the scarce broken wilderness; at one time sinking by the wayside from exhaustion, at another, struggling for life with consuming fever; in jeopardy to- day from the savage Indian, and to-morrow from the no less savage persecution with which bigotry and intolerance pursued the unoffending and unresisting Quaker, she pressed valorously forward, confident that she needed no more potent amulet than the name of Jesus, and that all along her pathway “the mighty power of God would be made manifest to the honor and exaltation of His great and glorious name.’’ These eighteen months devoted to the most perilous and self-sacrificing service are but an illustration of her whole life. Until her death she was continuously engaged in just such mighty works, without a thought of earthly compensation or reward. Anthony William Boehm, chaplain to Prince George of Denmark, the consort of Queen Anne, counted her among his friends. In writing to her under date of January 2, 1712, he said: ‘ Your letter hath been read with great satisfac- tion by myself and many of my friends, but I have not been able to recover it yet out of their hands. Some have even desired to transcribe it for their edification, and this is the reason I did not send you presently an answer; though it hath been all along upon my mind to express the satisfaction I had at the reading thereof... . True love is of an universal and overflowing nature, and not easily shut up by names, notions, peculiar modes, forms, and hedges of men, and if you will be pleased to correspond with me even after your return from America J shall always be ready to answer your kindness.’ Thomas Chalkley, the celebrated Quaker preacher, in his introduc- tion to her Treatise on the Revelation of Saint Fohn, wrote of her: “It was my lot once to cross the sea from America to Europe in company with this servant of Jesus, and her conversation and deportment had a tendency to draw people’s minds towards God and heavenly things. It was her practice to speak, read, and write so that her conversation seemed to us to be in heaven while she was on earth. I have blest the Lord that I was acquainted with her, she being like a mother to me in my tender 626 years ; and was not only so to me, but was indeed a mother in the house of Spiritual Israel.” Other women no more richly endowed with the treasures of intellect and heart, and no more to be admired for the sanctity of their lives and the record of their benefactions, have been preserved in marble, and eulogized in song and history as worthy exemplars for succeeding ages. Elizabeth Webb has not been thus canonized. Her simple faith forbids that her name should be emblazoned on tables of stone or monu- ments of brass, or that her virtues should be sounded in labored inscription or measured epitaph. And yet her fame survives. A grateful tradition has borne her sweet influence down the tide of time. The spirit of love which she invoked still pervades the abodes of thousands who cherish her precepts doing her office in stirring their hearts to soothing charities. Her memory, consecrated by her good deeds, has lost nothing of its fragrance, and her descendants, now multiplied through seven generations, may traverse the habitable globe, and visit every shrine and mausoleum erected in honor of the most famous of their race, but they will nowhere find a relic better entitled to their veneration than the sacred dust which for more tan a century and a half has peacefully reposed within her un- marked grave. Mr. Creswell graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in June, 1848, sharing the first honor of his class with Professor James W. Marshall, and delivering the valedictory oration on the day of com- mencement. He was admitted to the bar of Maryland in 1850. In politics he was originally a Whig, and cast his first presidential vote for General Scott in 1852. The Know-Nothing movement having disbanded the Whig party, Mr. Creswell became a Democrat, and was a dele- gate to the Cincinnati Convention, which nominated Mr. Buchanan in 1856, At the beginning of the war of the Rebellion he joined the Union party, and afterwards became a Republican. In 1861 he was elected a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In the summer of 1862 he was made Acting Adjutant-General for the State, and had charge of raising the quota of Maryland troops. He was elected in 1863 a Representative from the First District of Maryland to the Thirty-eighth Congress, during which he served on the committees on Commerce and Invalid Pensions. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which renominated Mr. Lincoln in 1864. In March, 1865, he was chosen by the Legislature a United States Senator for the unexpired term of Hon. Thomas H. Hicks, deceased. He served on the commit- tees on Commerce, Agriculture, Mines and Mining, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. He was a delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists’ Convention in 1866, and to the Border State Convention held in Balti- more in 1867, also to the National Republican Convention of 1868. His position as an advanced Republican is clearly defined in his speech on the proposed Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, de- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. livered in the House of Representatives January 5, 1865; in his address on the life and character of his friend and colleague, Henry Winter Davis, delivered by request of the House of Representatives February 22, 1866; and in his speech in favor of manhood suffrage before the Border State Convention, held in Baltimore September 12, 1867. He was appointed Postmaster-General at the beginning of the administration of General Grant in 1869, This important department of the Government was under his charge for five years and four months. During that period almost every branch of the service was extended to meet the wants and convenience of the people. From June 30, 1868, to June 30, 1874, the number of post-offices in operation was increased from 26,481 to 34,294; the number of money order offices, from 1468 to 3404; the number of postal clerks, from 232 to 850; the number of free delivery cities, from 48 to 87; the number of letter- carriers, from 1198 to 2049; the number of mail routes, from 8226 to 9761; the aggregate length of all routes, from 216,928 miles to 269,097 miles; the aggregate annual transportation, from 84,224,325 miles to 128,627,476 miles; the length of railroad routes, from 36,018 miles to 67,734 miles; the aggregate annual transportation on railroad routes, from 34,886,178 miles to 72,460,545 miles; the number of letters exchanged with foreign countries, from 13,600,000 to 28,579,045; the number of money orders issued, from $31,937 to 4,420,633; the aggregate value of money orders issued, from $16,197,858 to $74,424,854; the number of money orders paid, from 836,940 to 4,416,- 114; the aggregate value of money orders paid, from $15,976,501 to $74,210,156; the number of mail letters delivered by letter-carriers, from 64,349,486 to 177,021,179; the number of local letters delivered by letter-carriers, from 14,081,906 to 54,137,401; and the number of letters collected by letter-carriers, from 63,164,625 to 194,196,749. Notwithstanding the immense increase of business shown by these comparisons, and large concurrent reductions of postages and money order charges, the cost of ocean transportation, including all subsidies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874, was $22,492 less than for the year ending June 30, 1868, and the total deficiency for the former year was $1,178,058 less than for the latter. Mr, Creswell always kept within the aggregate of his appro- priations. He returned to the Treasury unexpended bal- ances for the years 1870, 1871, and 1872, amounting to $4,376,556, and when he retired from office, he left on hand, after charging up all liabilities, a balance of $1,834,- 067. During his administration of the Post-office Depart- ment many important reforms and improvements in the postal service were introduced and carried into successful operation, among which may be mentioned: 1. A reduc- tion of the cost of ocean mail transportation from eight cents to two cents per single letter rate; and a great ac- celeration of speed by abandoning the contract system as to ocean transportation, and in lieu thereof awarding the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. mails, at the reduced rate, to the best and fastest steamers appointed to sail on four days of every week, and then advertising the selections monthly in advance. 2. The readjustment of the mail pay of railroads on an equitable basis. 3. An extensive increase of railroad post-office lines and postal clerks. 4. A large increase of letter-car- riers in cities, and a free delivery for every city in the country having a population of twenty thousand inhabi- tants. 5. A thorough revision of our postal arrangements with foreign countries. 6. The general extension of the money order system within the United States and to foreign countries. _7. A complete codification of the laws relating to the Post-office Department, with a systematic classification of offences against the postal laws, 8. A reform in letting mail contracts, which eventually led to the passage of such legislation against fraudulent bidding as secured fair competition among responsible bidders. 9. The introduction of postal cards at a postage of one cent each, as a means of facilitating business correspondence, and a step toward a general reduction of domestic letter postage. 10. The absolute repeal of the franking priv- ilege. Mr. Creswell’s first efforts to procure a change of the law so as to extirpate fraudulent bidding were com- menced in the early part of 1870, and resulted in the act of May 5 of that year. Unfortunately, the vital provisions of the bill, as proposed by him, were stricken out by the Senate, and the objectionable feature of confining the Postmaster-General in making mail contracts to the line of bidders inserted against his protest. That act proving in- effectual, Mr. Creswell called particular attention again in his report of 1871, pages 30, 31, and 32, to the pernicious practices to which bidders sometimes resorted, and recom- mended a series of remedies, which he afterward embodied and presented in the form of bills. The passage of these measures he urged at the ensuing and subsequent sessions of Congress, notably in 1872 and 1874, but with only par- tial success. His views were, however, finally adopted, and the essential power of making contracts outside the line of bidders as a last resort was given to the Postmaster- General by the act of August 11, 1876. The department was thus after a prolonged contest of six years relieved from the vicious contrivance known as straw bidding, and to Mr. Creswell more than to any other person is due the credit of devising and securing the adoption of an ade- quate remedy for that evil. He was also a zealous advo- cate for the adoption of postal savings depositories and the postal telegraph, and presented in his reports for the years 1871, 1872, and 1873 elaborate and exhaustive arguments in favor of both those measures. The sequel has shown that if his views in relation to postal savings depositories had been adopted many millions of dollars would have been saved to the mechanics and laborers of the country, and the financial condition of the Govern- ment would have been greatly strengthened. Although desirous of withdrawing from the Cabinet at the end of 627 General Grant’s first term, he accepted a reappointment in obedience to the President’s desire, and continued in office until June 24, 1874, when he tendered his resignation. The personal and official relations subsisting between him and President Grant are apparent from the ensuing cor- respondence : MR. CRESWELL’S LETTER OF RESIGNATION. Wasuincron, D. C., June 24, 1874. Sir: After more than five years of continuous service, I am constrained, by a proper regard for my private inter- ests, to resign the office of Postmaster-General, and to re- quest that I may be released from duty as soon as it may | be convenient for you to designate my successor. For the generous confidence and support which you have uniformly extended to me in my efforts to discharge my duty, I shall not attempt to express the full measure of my gratitude. It is sufficient to say that my relations, official and personal, with yourself, and with every one of my colleagues of the Cabinet, have always been of the most agreeable and satisfactory character to me. Rest assured that I shall continue to give to your ad- ministration my most cordial support, and that I shall ever deem it an honor to be permitted to subscribe myself, Sincerely and faithfully your friend, Jno. A. J. CRESWELL. Tue PrEsIDENT. GENERAL GRANT’S REPLY. Executive Mansion, WasuinctTon, D. C., June 24, 1874. My pear Sir: As I expressed to you verbally this morning when you tendered your resignation of the office of Postmaster-General, it is with the deepest regret to me that you should have felt such a course necessary. You are the last of the original members of the Cabinet named by me as I was entering upon my present duties, and it makes me feel as if old associations were being broken up that I had hoped might be continued through my official life. In separating officially I have but two hopes to express : First, that I may get a successor who will be as faithful and efficient in the performance of the duties of the office you resign; second, a personal friend that I can have the same attachment for. Your record has been satisfactory to me, and I know it will so prove to the country at large. Yours very truly, U. S. GRANT. Hon. J. A. J. Creswett, P. M. Gen’l. The formal transfer of the department to his successor did not take place until July 6, 1874. On the 22d of the same month he was appointed Counsel for the United States before the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, and continued to act in that capacity until the court expired by limitation of law December 31, 1876. 628 At the end of his labors, the judges unanimously, and of their own motion, exhibited their appreciation of his ser- vices by an order in these words: «The Court desire to place upon record an expression of their sense of the value of the services of the Hon. John A. J. Creswell in the discharge of his duties as counsel on behalf of the United States. He has exhibited unwearied industry in the in- vestigation of the facts of the several cases, great research in examination of the difficult questions of law often arising, and great ability in presenting to the court his views both of the facts and law. With an earnest zeal to protect the rights of the Government, he has yet been en- tirely fair and just to claimants. His uniform courtesy and kindness of manner have made his official intercourse with the members of the Court peculiarly agreeable to them. It is, therefore, alike proper and just that this ex- pression of our opinion of his ability, fidelity, and integ- rity should be placed upon the record.” Mr, Creswell is one of the commissioners for closing up the affairs of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company, and is also filling the positions of President of the Citizens’ National Bank of Washington City and Vice-President of the National Bank of Elkton, his residence being at the latter place. He is actively engaged in the practice of his profession. N Coe Grarton, M.D., Georgetown, District of Co- J KG lumbia, was born, November 21, 1811, on the family "Ze plantation in Prince George’s County, Maryland. + His paternal ancestors came from England in 1660. He b is the second son of Grafton Tyler, Sr., and Ann H. (Plummer) Tyler, the elder son being Samuel Tyler, LL.D., late Senior Professor in the Law Department of Columbia College, Washington. His uncle, John Tyler, was a fellow- student of the celebrated Abernethy in London, and at- tended the lectures of the distinguished men of that day in London and Edinburgh. Dr. Tyler received a thorough classical education under the Rev. James Carnahan, after- wards President of Princeton College, New Jersey, and the Rev, James McVean, in Georgetown, District of Columbia. He began the study of medicine with Dr. Richard Duck- ett, who lived near his father’s estate, continued it under Professor Samuel Baker, Sr., of Baltimore, and completed his course at the University of Maryland, from which he grad- uated with high honors in 1833. He commenced practice in his native place, and in a short time became eminently successful, owing to his special knowledge of surgery, which in those days had not attained a very high standard in rural districts. The first operation he performed was the amputation of the leg of one of his neighbor’s slaves, an old farm-hand, who was severely injured by a threshing machine. A number of old physicians were summoned to witness the operation. Young Tyler stood by awaiting the operation, which was to be performed by a physician long BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA ‘in practice. The knife was offered to one after the other of the old doctors, but each seemed reluctant to undertake what was then considered a difficult task, that of taking off aman’s leg. “Here, Grafton,” said a physician of many years’ practice, “you are just from college, and would perhaps like to undertake this operation?” Within a few minutes the operation was successfully performed, and from that hour the young practitioner’s success was insured. His engagements were constant. In April, 1843, he removed to Georgetown, District of Columbia, his health having been impaired under practice in Maryland, where his pa- tients were scattered over a large area of territory. Shortly after his removal to Georgetown, the office of Physician to Georgetown College was tendered to him by the faculty of the institution. This position had hitherto been held by men of eminent ability, and the faculty of the college paid a tribute to Dr. Tyler’s worth by offering it to him. He accepted the office, and has held it with distinguished credit for a period of thirty-six years. In 1846 Dr. Tyler was elected Professor of Pathology and Practice of Medi- cine in the Medical Department of Columbia University, also Professor of Clinics, inaugurating in the Washington Infirmary the Medical Clinic in the District of Columbia. He resigned these positions in 1859. He was commissioned one of the Board of Visitors of the Government Hospital for the Insane at its foundation in 1855, and after serving six years resigned. In 1855 he was elected Vice-President of the American Medical Association. He is a member of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, having been elected President in 1872; also a member of the Medical Association of the District of Columbia, and of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Maryland. He is one of the consulting physicians to Provident Hospital, and has been President of the Medical Board since its organiza- tion in 1859. He was one of the corporators, also is one of the directors, and one of the consulting medical staff of the Children’s Hospital of the District of Columbia, and of St. Ann’s Infant Asylum. At one time Dr. Tyler was President of the Common Council of Georgetown; also President of the Board of Health until the charter of the town was abrogated. He is Emeritus Professor of Colum- bia College. He never sought any public position. Dur- ing alife of unusual professional activity he has found time for contributions to medical literature. Among the most prominent of his writings are “Obstetric Reports, with Observations on Spontaneous Evolution,” Baltimore Medi- cal and Surgical Fournal, 1841; “ Medicine as a Science and an Art—its Philosophy, Influences, Purposes, and Re- sults; its Past and Present Condition and Future Pros- pects.” This last is characterized by deep scientific re- search, and has met with the highest commendations from some of the most distinguished medical men of the coun- try, before whom it was delivered in 1852. His addresses on various public occasions are marked by a chasteness of language and an elegance of dictiqn bespeaking a thorough BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. acquaintance with the English classics, and when it is stated that many of these addresses were not the result of careful preparation, but were made extemporaneously be- fore assemblies, they serve as stronger evidence of his ability. He has been through life a member of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church. In January, 1836, he married Miss Mary M., daughter of Walter Bowie, Esq., of Prince George’s County, Maryland. Dr. Tyler is a man of great kindliness of heart, and his charity and true Christian character have been proven on many an occasion. He is not only respected, but beloved by those who have the honor of knowing him, both as a professional man and a member of society. The late Professor Joseph Henry en- tertained for him the highest regard, which is the best tes- timony to his worth. respectable Irish family. In 1743 his grandfather, % David Poe, came with his parents to this country tf om Londonderry while he was yet but two years old. During the Revolution he espoused the Ameri- can cause, and became an officer in the Maryland Line and the intimate friend of Lafayette. Inhis patriotism he gave not only his services, but his ample means to the public good. His son, David Poe, Jr., the eldest of six children, while yet a law student in the office of William Gwynn, Esq., became enamoured of Mrs. Elizabeth Hop- kins, an English actress of some repute, and on the death of her husband eloped with and married her, whereupon his father disowned him. Thrown thus upon his own re- sources the young husband adopted his wife’s profession, and made his debut in the Vauxhall Garden Theatre, New York, July 8, 1806, as Fran, in “ Fortune’s Frolic.” Mrs. Poe died of pneumonia, December 8, 1811, during an en- gagement at the Richmond Theatre. David Poe, Jr., her husband, was one of the seventy victims that perished in the burning theatre on the 26th of the same month. Their three orphan children, William Henry, the eldest, Edgar, and Rosalie, were thus thrown upon the charity of the world, Henry was taken and educated by his godfather, Henry Didier, of Baltimore ; Edgar was adopted by John Allan, a wealthy Scotch gentleman of Richmond; and Ro- salie by Mrs. McKenzie. Edgar Poe was born in Boston January 19, 1809, while his parents were filling a theatrical engagement in that city, and his early days were spent in the green-room. His foster-father in adopting him incor- porated his own name with Edgar’s, and he was afterwards known as Edgar Allan Poe. Finding him a boy of marked ability, Mr. Allan determined to give him the best advan- tages of education, and designed him as his heir. In the summer of 1816 Mr. and Mrs. Allan revisited their home in Scotland and took Edgar with them, where he learned the rudiments of English and Latin. On their return from 80 629 Europe in 1818, Edgar was placed in the school of Professor Joseph H. Clarke, where he made remarkable progress in his studies, and displayed the germs of that rich and splen- did imagination which distinguished him in after-life. In 1823 he was placed under Professor Clarke’s successor, Mr. William Burke. He was of slight and graceful form, lithe and sinewy, and was foremost both in scholarship and in all athletic exercises, especially running, swimming, and boxing. February 1, 1826, he was placed at the University of Virginia. He entered the schools of ancient and modern languages, and attended the lectures in connection with them. He was a regular and successful student, and at the final examination won distinction jn Latin and French. Gaming was at this time a common practice at the University, and young Poe, who had been too lavishly supplied with money to understand its proper use, lost large sums at cards, which brought upon him the severe animad- versions of his foster-father. He left the University De- cember 15, 1826, and returned to Richmond, where his distinguished talents, brilliant conversation, polished man- ners, and expectations of wealth as the presumptive heir of Mr. Allan, secured him access to the best society of the city. But young Poe was not wholly engrossed with the pleasures of fashionable life; he devoted much time to reading and study, and to composition, In 1829 he gave to the world a thin octavo volume of seventy-two pages, entitled 4/ Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems, by Edgar A. Poe. It was published by Hatch & Dunning, of Baltimore, and was received with but little favor at the time. While in the city in connection with its publica- tion, Edgar was kindly received at the house of Mrs. Clemm, his aunt, and saw for the first time his little cousin, Virginia, then in her seventh year, to whom he became greatly attached. Summoned home by the alarming ill- ness of Mrs. Allan, his foster-mother, he hastily returned, but to find her, whom he had tenderly loved, dead and buried—an irreparable loss to him, Mr. Allan thought it was time for Edgar to adopt a profession, and as he dis- liked the drudgery of legal study and the laborious life of a medical practitioner, Mr. Allan procured for him a cadetship at West Point, and he entered the Military Academy in 1830. While at West Point a second edition of his poems appeared with seven additional articles. His reading studies here showed his preference for literature over military life. The young cadet soon wearied of the dry studies and severe discipline of the Academy, and at the end of sjx months he asked permission of Mr. Allan to resign. This being refused he determined to get away by deliberate neglect of duty and disobedience of rules, He was tried by court-martial for “neglect of duty and disobedience of orders,” pleaded “ Guilty,” and was sen- tenced “to be dismissed the service of the United States.” On his return to Richmond he was coldly received by Mr. Allan and the new wife he had lately married, and his proud spirit chafing at the change, he left the house of his 630 foster-father never to return. Going to Baltimore he was received at the house of his aunt, Mrs. Clemm, with whom he found a home, and in her affection and that of his little cousin, Virginia, whom he afterwards married, found a soothing balm for his wounded spirit. Resolved not to be a burden to his aunt he sought employment, but finding none, devoted himself to writing the Zales of the Folio Club, and instructing his cousin Virginia. The tales com- prised “‘ The Descent into the Maelstrom,” “ Adventure of Hans Pfaal,” «A Manuscript Found ina Bottle,” «A Tale of the Ragged Mountain,” “ Berenice,” and “ Lionizing.” In 1833 the Baltimore Saturday Visitor offered a prize of #100 for the best tale, and $50 for the best poem. In com- petition for the prize, Mr. Poe submitted his Zales of the folio Club and his poem, The Coliseum. The committee, of which Hon. John P. Kennedy was chairman, awarded the $1oo prize to the ‘ Manuscript Found in a Bottle,” and to escape the charge of favoritism, the $50 prize to an obscure author, while admitting the superiority of The Coliseum. This, to Poe, was the dawn of literary success. Mr. Kennedy introduced him to Mr. White, proprietor of the Southern Literary Messenger at Richmond. He be- came a contributor to the magazine. His articles attracted much attention, and he was engaged first as assistant editor and then editor-in-chief, in which position his reviews, critiques and tales made the Messenger of national repu- tation. When he first went to Richmond he missed the society of his aunt and cousin, brooded over his changed prospects, and fell into a settled melancholy and gloom until they came to reside with him. In 1837 Mr. Poe was invited to accept the position of associate editor of the New York Quarterly Review. The field here was wider and more remunerative. He accepted it and removed to New York, but occasionally wrote for the Messenger as long as he lived. His critiques and reviews in the Quar- terly were scholarly, but unsparing in exposing literary pretension and mediocrity, and made him many enemies. In the fall of 1838 Poe removed to Philadelphia. During the year he contributed “ Ligcia,” and others of his best tales, and the airy little poem, ‘“‘ The Haunted Palace,” to the American Museum, edited by Professor N. C. Brooks, and also wrote many articles for the Gentleman’s Maga- zine, published by Burton. In less than six months he be- came editor of that monthly, and when Mr. George R. Graham, proprietor of Zhe Casket, in 1840 purchased the Gentleman’s Magazine, and incorporated the two under the title of Graham’s Magazine, he was continued editor of the new monthly. The various articles he wrote greatly added to the list of its subscribers, and increased his own reputation. His articles on “ Autography and Cryptog- raphy” discovered great ingenuity and power of analysis. That he possessed this power to a remarkable degree is shown by his prophetic analysis of Dickens’s Barnaby Rudge. From a few initial chapters that were published he detailed in advance the entire plot and denouement of ‘BIO GRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the story. In 1839 Lea & Blanchard published in two vol- umes the principal tales he had written, under the title of Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, which met a very favorable reception from the public In 1842 the declining health of his child-wife seriously afflicted him, and worn out with watching by her bedside, and the constant tax upon his weary brain to produce some article for the press whereby he could procure the merest necessaries of life for his little family, he wrote to a friend in Washington to get him a clerkship, “‘ even a five hundred dollar one, so that I have something independent of letters for a subsist- ence. To coin one’s brain into silver at the word of a master is, ] am thinking, the hardest task in the world.” In the spring of 1843 Poe achieved another conquest, the winning of the $100 prize offered by The Dollar Maga- zine of Philadelphia, for the best story. ‘‘ The Gold Bug” was the title of the tale. It was founded upon the story of Captain Kyd’s adventures. During this year Poe and T, C. Clarke projected Zhe Sty/us,a monthly magazine, which Poe was to edit. Presuming from his intimacy with the sons of President Tyler that he could interest the Presi- dent and his Cabinet and prominent members of Con- gress, Mr. Poe went to Washington, and, unfortunately, meeting with friends who induced him to drink, became intoxicated, and blasted at the outset all hopes of estab- lishing the magazine, and abandoned the idea. Near the close of the year he delivered a lecture in Baltimore on American Poetry, which he repeated in Philadelphia. In 1844 Poe became associate editor of The Mirror, an even- ing paper published by Willis & Morris. A daily journal he found wearing upon his strength, and at the end of six months left Zhe Mirror to join Mr. C H. Briggs in the publication of 7ke Broadway Fournal. During his connec- tion with Zhe Mirror he published in the American Review «The Raven,” that wild, weird poem, without a parallel in English poetry. About this time he wrote for Godey’s Ladys Book a series of papers entitled “ The Literati of New York,” which produced such a sensation that extra editions of the magazine were necessary to supply the de- mand. Thomas Dunn English being severely criticized, published a libellous retort, which was copied in The Mir- Poe brought a suit for damages, and the paper-was mulcted several hundred dollars. In the spring of 1846 Poe removed to Fordham, in Westchester County, that the pure air of the country might be beneficial to his wife, now in a rapid decline, and to his own failing strength, exhausted by mental effort, pecuniary anxieties, and by watching at the sick-bed of his cherished wife. As the winter came on they were reduced to extremity and wanted even the barest necessaries of life, and though pecuniary relief came at length, disease and poverty had done their work, and on January 30, 1847, the beautiful and gentle sufferer entered into rest. Her husband’s sorrow was in- consolable. He seemed utterly incapable of mental exer- tion, and he often wandered at midnight in the snow and ror. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. rain and threw himself upon her grave, calling upon her with words of the most devoted affection. Under the pressure of his sorrows he took to drink, not for the pleas- ure it afforded him, but, as he expressed it, ‘to escape from torturing memories, from a sense of insupportable loneli- ness, and a dread of some strange, impending doom.” The only article published by him in 1847 was “ Ulalume,” a wild, weird threnody of overwhelming melancholy. He was engaged, however, in the preparation of a lecture, “ The Universe,”’ which he delivered February 3, 1848, at the So- ciety Library, New York. He printed it afterwards under the name “ Eureka.’’ He had hoped to obtain means from its sale to take the first steps towards bringing out his pro- jected magazine, Zhe Sty/us, but it brought him neither fame nor money. In September, 1848, he published in the Southern Literary Messenger an elaborate review of Mrs. Lewis’s poems, and in October his discriminating article on “ The Rationale of Verse.’”’ Poe spent the summer of 1849 in Richmond, and seemed to have recovered his strength and conquered the temptation to drink. At this time he paid his addresses to Mrs. Elmira Shelton, to whom he had been attached in early life, before her marriage, and they were to be joined in wedlock on the 17th of October. On his way North to bring Mrs. Clemm to the wedding he stopped in Baltimore, and had the misfortune to meet a friend who invited him to drink. Such was his delicate mental organi- zation that a single glass was sufficient to madden him, and he became intoxicated. He was found by his cousin, Mr. Neilson Poe, at the close of a municipal election, in a state of stupefaction, in a back room of the Fourth Ward polls, and the presumption is that he had been “cooped” by one of the political clubs, drugged, and made to vote in the different wards of the city. He was taken to the Wash- ington College Hospital, where every attention was paid him. He died on the following Sunday, October 7, and was buried with his ancestors in the cemetery of Westminster Church, corner of Fayette and Greene streets. His grave, though the Mecca of poetic pilgrims for years, was with- out a stone to mark the spot, till by the efforts of the teachers of Baltimore and the munificence of George W. Childs a beautiful monument of the pedestal form, with sculptured harps and a bas-relief bust of the poet, was erected over his remains, that had been removed to the northwest corner of the cemetery. Appropriate ceremo- nies preceded the unveiling of the monument, at which more than « thousand persons were present, many of ‘them from other cities. Cn FERDINAND J. S., A.M., M.D., D.D.S., CG was born, July 27, 1835, in Winchester, Frederick 7G County, Virginia. He graduated at Dickinson ¥ College in 1854; at the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 1855; and at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in 1857. He was appointed Demon- 631 strator in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 1858, and on the death of the President, Professor Chapin A. Harris, M.D., D.D.S., in 1860, he was elected to the vacant chair of Dental Surgery. In 1867 he was elected Dean of that college, which position, and also his Profes- sorship, he yetholds. In 1866, in connection with Profes- sor A. Snowden Piggot, M.D., he became one of the editors of the American Fournal of Dental Science, the oldest dental journal in the world. Since the death of Professor Piggot he has continued to edit this journal. In 1867 he was elected Vice-President of the Association of Dental Colleges, which is composed of the professors of the several dental colleges in this country. During his connection with the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Professor Gorgas, in addition to his own special chair, has for brief periods occupied the chairs of Anatomy, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and Clinical Dentistry. In 1864 he revised the third edition of Harris’s Medical and Dental Dictionary, adding thereto about three thousand new words, a labor extending over three years, In 1878 he again revised the fourth edition of the same work, which: has received highly favorable notice from the medical and dental press of this country and parts of Europe. In 1872 he edited that portion of Harris’s Principles and Practice of Dentistry relating to dental surgery. This work is the prominent textbook in all dental colleges. Besides numerous articles for journals, Professor Gorgas is the author of Lectures on Dental Surgery, Special Path- ology, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics, for the Use of Dental Students. Since 1858 he has been practicing den- tistry and surgery of the head and face in Baltimore. He has been connected with the Masonic Order for nearly twenty years, and has been honored with the highest offices in lodge, chapter, and commandery of both the York and Scottish rites, and up to this time has had con- ferred upon him forty-two degrees, from the first to the thirty-third in the Scottish Rite, and from the first to the eleventh in the York Rite. He has been twice a repre- sentative at the triennial meetings of the Grand Encamp- ment of Knights Templar, at the sessions held in New Orleans, 1874, and Cleveland, 1877. The Baltimore Col- lege of Dental Surgery, of which Professor Gorgas is Dean, is one of the foremost of American institutions for professional education, and its record for usefulness prob- ably surpasses that of any professional college in the country. It was organized under a special charter from the Maryland Legislature in 1839, being the first institu- tion ever founded in the world for the purpose of giving regular collegiate instruction in this important branch of medical science. It was an experiment, but it had a sub- stantial basis in the necessities of the human race, and came in answer to the demand of civilization for progress in useful and beneficent sciences. Its originators were men of great public spirit and foresight, yet they could scarcely have anticipated the wonderful results which have 632 followed their enterprise. The modest institution which they founded has become an influence throughout civiliza- tion, and the profession they labored to advance has moved forward to the highest standard, with a membership em- bracing many of the most cultivated and progressive minds of the age, with an exclusive literature of its own, in the enjoyment of high honor and esteem, and with strong claims upon the appreciation of the people on the ground of extreme usefulness to humanity. The greater part of this work has been accomplished within the past forty years, the period of the existence of the: Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, and among the influences that have contributed to bring about this remarkable develop- ment we believe this institution is entitled to the first place. Upon its first organization the college was placed upon a high plane. The course of study was made thorough and comprehensive; the system of instruction was planned with the utmost care, with a view to practical efficiency ; and the examinations were made exacting. The faculty was selected with great judgment, and embraced a fine representation of the best talent, skill, and experience in both the medical and dental professions. It was the pur- pose to give the institution a high character at the start, and this fact accounts largely for its great success and use- fulness. The stamp of character it then received has en- dured. The purposes of its originators have been per- petuated in the management ever since. The standard has never been lowered, while the facilities and means of in- struction have been steadily enlarged, to keep pace with the discoveries and improvements. This institution has now graduated eight hundred students. It has drawn its patronage from all parts of the United States and the West Indies, and from many countries in Europe. Its graduates are scattered all over the civilized world. They are located in nearly every city of Europe. They lead the profession in all the great centres of civilization, and have won emi- nence and renown in England, France, Russia, Prussia, Switzerland, Spain, and Italy. They have carried the honors of the institution into Asia, Australia, and the land of the Pyramids, while in every State in the United States they have established their own worth and the reputation of their Ana Mater. In this community, where the in- stitution is best known, it enjoys the highest repute, and its diplomas command the most substantial recognition. Upwards of sixty graduates are in practice in Baltimore alone. The College may well point with pride to the standing of its graduates. Many of them have reached high stations in the profession; many have become re- nowned for their attainments, original discoveries, and writings, They have met with signal honor abroad, nearly every Court dentist in Europe being a graduate of this in- stitution. Very many of them are men of broad culture, who had been previously trained in other high educational institutions ; and collectively they have developed a degree of worth and usefulness which reflects the highest credit BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. upon the College. The course of study at this institution embraces the principles and practice of dental science and surgery, anatomy, physiology and pathology, therapeutics and materia medica, chemistry, dental mechanism and metallurgy, together with other studies. The thorough- ness and comprehensive character of this course is shown by ‘the fact that the medical colleges of Baltimore require graduates of this institution to attend but one session before receiving the degree of M.D. Clinics and demon- strations are held daily throughout the session. Nothing is left undemonstrated. Students are required to make all kinds of partial pieces and perform all varieties of opera- tions for themselves daily. The infirmary of the College is open during the entire year, and is free to all matricu- lants. The collections for the museum of this college were commenced in 1839, and have continued without in- terruption until now. This is the largest and most valu- able dental museum in the world. The College building— located at the intersection of two great thoroughfares, Eutaw and Lexington streets—is a large and handsome building, four stories high, and was built by the College expressly for its purposes. The lecture-rooms, laboratory, and other departments are ample in every respect, and ad- mirably arranged. The entire establishment is thorough and complete in all its appointments, and is the finest and best equipped college building in the world devoted ex- clusively to dental instruction. The faculty of the Col- lege is at present constituted as follows: Ferdinand J. S. Gorgas, A.M., M.D., D.D.S., Dean, Professor of Dental Surgery and Therapeutics ; E. Lloyd Howard, M.D., Pro- fessor of Chemistry and Materia Medica; James H. Har- ris, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Clinical Dentistry; James B. Hodgkin, D.D.S., Professor of Dental Mechanism and Metallurgy; Thomas S. Latimer, M.D., Professor of Phys- iology and Pathology; Charles F. Bevan, M.D., Profes- sor of Anatomy; Basil M. Wilkerson, D.D.S., M.D., Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry; John C. Uhler, D.D.S., M.D., Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry; Augustus W. Sweeny, Jr., D.D.S., and Luke J. Pearce, D.D.S., Assistant Demonstrators ; Charles F. Bevan, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. RICE, Rozert JoHN, M.D., was born in Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, October 13, 1838. He is the son of John C, and Elizabeth Price, of that county. He was placed at a district school at a very j early age, and when ten years old entered the High School in Baltimore, where he remained for some time, and then returned to his native county and became a pupil in the Centreville Academy, attending the same at irregular intervals until he attained the age of twenty-one years. The death of his father, when Robert was sixteen years of age, was the cause of these intervals in school attendance, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, during which he acquired a knowledge of the wheel- wrighting business, the aggregate time devoted to the same being four years. After spending another year at the Academy he engaged in teaching, and simultaneously in the study of medicine, his preceptor being Dr. Joseph A. Holton, of Queen Anne’s County. He matriculated at the University of Maryland in the autumn of 1864, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1866. He estab- lished himself in the practice of his profession in Dor- chester County, Maryland, where he still continues to re- side, in the enjoyment of an extensive professional patron- age. He has occupied the position of Physician to the Almshouse of Dorchester County, and is at present a member of the Board of School Commissioners of the above county. Dr. Price married, June 5, 1866, Miss Laura, daughter of Abraham Jump, of Caroline County, Maryland. Dr. Price enjoys an enviable reputation as a physician, and is highly esteemed in the community in which he resides. re STEPHEN, was born, December 10, 1837, Cy in Newburg, New York. Both his paternal and % maternal grandfathers fought on the American side t in the war of the Revolution. His father, Isaac $ Garrison, who was a farmer near Newburg, died when Stephen was about four years of age. When only about eight years of age the subject of this sketch began work in the cotton factory of William Townsend, where he remained for nine years. He then became for three years apprentice in the looking-glass and picture-frame business with Robert Marcher near Newburg, with whom he continued as a journeyman until the death of Mr. Marcher in 1865. Inthe meantime he served two and a half years as a volunteer in the United States Army during the civil war, entering the service in 1863, and continuing therein until he was honorably discharged at the close of the war. During the whole period of his service he was a member of the Fourth Regiment of New York Mounted Rifles, commanded by Colonel Cesnola. He participated in several great battles, including those of the Wilderness, Gettysburg, Winchester, and Five Forks, and escaped without any very serious wounds. After the death of Mr. Marcher, in 1865, he went to Philadelphia, and for about ' three years assisted his brother David Garrison. In 1869 he removed to Baltimore, and in connection with Henry R. Hall began the picture-frame and cabinet-moulding business. In two years this firm was dissolved, and a partnership formed with his brother, George W. Garrison, and Lewis Eckhardt, the firm subsequently being changed to “Garrison Brothers.” In 1875 Mr. Garrison formed a partnership with Wm. Henry Shryock, which continued four years, and since January, 1879, he has carried on 633, business alone. In 1858 he married Sarah Odel, of New York, and has three children, one son and two daughters. Mr. Garrison’s industry, perseverance, and integrity have gained him many friends, and laid the foundation of a large business and a prosperous career. Cao Henry RussELL, JR., was born in Balti- Kx more, April 23, 1848. He received his principal at the age of seventeen years entered the service of the United States Navy as Paymaster’s Clerk on the steamer Shawmut, which position he occupied for two years, and then returned to his native city, where he estab- lished himself in the stove business. In 1871 he became engaged as fireman on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and soon rose to the position of engineer on the same road. Shortly after his promotion he was tendered the position of engineer in the mills of the Baltimore Pearl Hominy Company. He subsequently became shipping clerk in the same establishment. In 1876 he represented the above company at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, having charge of its extensive exhibit there, and largely adding to the trade of the company whilst in Philadelphia through his diligence, energy, and business tact. In 1877 he returned to Baltimore and entered upon the duties of bookkeeper and assistant superintendent in the Pearl Hominy Company, which position he now occupies. Mr, Robbins’s father, Henry Russell Robbins, Sr., is a native of Hartford, Connecticut, but has been for many years a resident of Baltimore, where he was for some time engaged in the stove business under the firm of Robbins & Bibb. He has occupied many important public positions ; was the originator and one of the proprietors of Read’s Express Company, and is the inventor of several very useful and important patents. He retired from active business some years since. The latter’s father was Frederick Robbins, a native of Hartford, Connecticut, but who removed to Petersburg, Virginia, in early manhood, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and remained until his death in 1850. The great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Levi Robbins, was a very wealthy and influential citizen of Hartford, Connecticut, and held important positions of honor and trust. The pioneer of the Robbins family in this country was John Robbins, a native of England, who settled in Connecticut in 1638, and purchased extensive lands from the Lord Proprietary. He was regarded in his day as the richest man in Connecticut. The mother of Henry Russell Robbins, Jr., was Mary E. S. Owens, daughter of William Owens, a long-established and exten- sive merchant of Baltimore, who died in 1840, and sister of the late William H. Owens, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, a member for several terms of the City Coun- cil, Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and an education at the public schvols of that city, and 634 active and influential member of the Corn and Flour Ex- change of Baltimore. Her grandfather was Isaac Owens, of Anne Arundel County, and her maternal grandmother was Achsah Stevens, of Baltimore County. Mr. Robbins is the great-grandson, on the maternal side, of Caleb Owings, of Baltimore County, who served as aide-de-camp on the staff of General Washington. The Owings were of Welsh origin, and settled in the county of Baltimore before Bal- timoretown was laid out, securing extensive lands under the Royal Patents. In 1870 Mr. Robbins married Miss Ida MacNeal, daughter of the late Andrew L. MacNeal, a prominent builder of Baltimore, by whom he has three children. (i) AGRUDER, CALEB CLARKE, Attorney-at-law, oD q was born in Prince George’s County, Maryland, wx July, 1810. His father was Thomas Magruder, a a farmer of the same county. He died in 1830. Caleb’s mother was Miss Mary, daughter of Caleb Clarke, an English merchant, who settled in Prince George’s County before the Revolutionary war, and was killed by Indians during that period. Joshua Clarke, who died in 1826 whilst Chancellor of the State of Mississippi, and S. M. Clarke, who was a member of Congress from New York, and died in 1850, were uncles of the subject of thissketch. Another uncle, Archibald S. Clarke, settled in Pennsylvania, where he became an extensive agricul- turist, and died in 1848, leaving a large fortune. Mr. Ma- gruder’s father was an only son, and married in early life, about 1798. The Magruders are of Scotch descent. Caleb’s rudimentary education was received at the public scoools of his district. His classical studies were commenced under the direction of Michael Malony, a fine classical scholar of high repute. He subsequently received instructions under Mr. William White, a man of rare attainments. He was sent to the Catholic Seminary of Washington, D. C., then connected with the Georgetown College, and having about two hundred students. There he took the honors of the classical course and graduated, receiving his diploma from Georgetown College in 1834. He studied law with Judge Gabriel Duvall, then one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, and completed his studies under the direction of the late Judge-John Glenn, of Baltimore. He was admitted to the Baltimore bar in 1832, and immediately returned to his native county, where he entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he has continued to the present time. Mr. Magru- der has always eschewed politics and devoted himself en- tirely to his profession, in which he has attained high dis- tinction. In 1852 he purchased “ Mattaponi ” and “ Brook- field,’ the two including about eight hundred acres of land in a high state of cultivation. On this valuable estate he spends a portion of the year. Mr. Magruder has mar- ried three times: first, Miss Mary S., daughter of Tobias Belt, a farmer of Prince George’s County, who died many BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. years since, Her brother is Hon. James B, Belt, the present Chief Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Prince George’s County. His second marriage was to Miss Sallie B., daughter of the late Colonel Henry Warren, of above county; and his third wife was Eleanor C., daughter of Thomas Turner, of Frederick City. Three children of the first marriage are living: Mary Augusta, wife of Peter - H. Hooe, of Washington, D. C.5 Caleb C., attorney-at- law and farmer; and Edwin Walton Magruder, farmer, Wa ‘URNETT, PRoressor ELIJAH, was born, February 19, 1840, at Marlton, Burlington. County, New Jersey. His father, John P. Burnett, who is a native of Newtown, Maryland, descended from L English and French, and his mother, Elizabeth Mat- lack, from English and Welsh ancestors, the latter being distinguished for their mechanical and engineering skill. His parents are still living at Camden, New Jersey. After attending the best schools of his native county Elijah as- sumed, at the age of sixteen years, charge of a district school near Pemberton, New Jersey. When twenty-two years old he occupied the post of Principal of the High School at Mount Holly; New Jersey, which contained five hun- dred pupils, and employed nine assistant teachers. During a successful period of two years in the above capacity he became interested in the special branches taught in busi- ness colleges, and believing that they offered a more en- larged and satisfactory field of usefulness than the one he was then occupying, he went to Baltimore in 1864 and engaged as Professor of Penmanship, Bookkeeping, and Mathematics in the Business College of Messrs. Bryant, Stratton, Bannister & Sadler. For fourteen years Pro- fessor Burnett was a successful instructor in his special branches in that institution, and the high esteem in which he is held by both teachers and pupils is evidenced by numerous flattering testimonials which he has received from them. He possesses eminent qualifications as an educator, and is very conscientious in the discharge of duty. He dissolved his connection with the Bryant, Stratton & Sadler College May 1, 1878, and formed a copartnership with A. H. Eaton, a member of the Baltimore bar, who was for ten years Principal of Eaton’s Business Colleges in St. John’s, New Brunswick, and Halifax, Nova Scotia, the firm establishing the Business College of Eaton & Bur- nett, at the northeast corner of Baltimore and Charles streets, Baltimore, Professor Burnett’s departments therein being Business and Ornamental Penmanship, Bookkeep- ing and Arithmetic, Commercial Correspondence, Busi- ness Forms, and Partnership Settlements. The Professor was awarded the highest medal for superior penmanship and pen drawing at the Maryland Institute Exhibition of 1878. In August, 1866, he married Miss Ella A. Hetzell, a most estimable lady of Philadelphia, by whom he has had two children, one of whom, a daughter, is living. Lh BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. W\SUSHANE, Joun A., Manufacturer of and Wholesale ) Dealer in Paper, was born in Baltimore, January 4, i 1834. His father, John Dushane, was a native of New Castle, Delaware, who settled in Baltimore in 1803. He was a carpenter by trade, and was one of the most prominent builders of his day. When the British menaced Baltimore in 1814, he volunteered in defence of his adopted city. He was a Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and also in the Savings Bank of Baltimore. Among the prominent buildings erected by Mr. Dushane may be mentioned the Maryland Tobacco Warehouses. His brother, Valentine Dushane, built the Eutaw House. The mother of John Dushane was a Miss Sutton, of Dela- ware, of the family who are largely identified with the canal interests of that State. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Miss Harriet Wilson, daughter of Joseph Wilson, of Calvert County, Maryland. She was of Eng- lish descent, her ancestry settling in Maryland in the early Colonial days. John A. Dushane was the youngest of seven children. The others were Harriet; Margaret, who married Jeremiah Wheelwright ; Juliet, who married Na- than E, Berry; Virginia, who married Dr. Philip H. Aus- tin; Lucy; and Elizabeth, who married N. F. Blacklock. After receiving a good primary education John A. Du- shane entered the McNally’s Private Academy in Balti- more, which he attended for five years. At the age of fif- teen years he entered as a clerk the boot and shoe estab- lishment of J. Wheelwright. At the expiration of two years he entered in the same capacity the paper establish- ment of Wheelwright, Mudge & Company, Baltimore. After remaining seven years with that house, during which he attained the position of managing salesman, he entered into the same business on his own account, and in 1858 established his present wholesale paper house at No. 40 South Charles Street, In January, 1874, he associated with him Mr. Thomas H. Folson, under the firm name of John A. Dushane & Co., which partnership has continued until the present time. In May, 1869, the firm purchased the “Antietam” mill for the manufacture of book paper, which has a capacity of sixty-five hundred pounds per day. Sub- sequently the “ Funkstown” mill for the manufacture of rag print, having a capacity of five thousand pounds per day, and the “ Woodbine” mill, with a capacity of mak- ing seventy-five hundred pounds of straw wrapping-paper a day, were purchased. The latter mill is owned exclu- sively by J. A. Dushane, and the two former by Stone- braker & Dushane. The “Caledonia” straw wrapping mill, with a capacity of three thousand pounds, and the “Eagle” straw print, having a capacity of five thousand pounds daily, are owned by J. A. Dushane and P. H. Glad- felter. The “Ivy” mills, for manilla-paper, have a ca- pacity of four thousand pounds per day, and are owned by John A. Dushane & Co. The total capacity of the mills is thirty-two thousand five hundred pounds a day, and the number of employés therein about two hundred and fifty. 635 The firm supplies about thirty newspapers, and furnishes all grades of paper stock. Mr. Dushane possesses great business sagacity and energy, and his house has passed ‘unscathed through periods of the greatest financial dis- tress. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity about twenty years. His wife was Miss E. M. Duke, daughter of Dr. James Duke, of Calvert County. He has five children, Marion Howard, Harriet Wilson, Ann Duke, Isabella Sutton, and Alexandra Dushane. OOPER, Hon. JouHn H., Senator, and President of Ii the Board of Pilots of Baltimore, was born in East eae Baltimore, November 4, 1827. His father, Burnette 1p Cooper, who was a pilot, was a native of St. Mary’s County, and died in 1835. His mother, whose maiden name was Anne C. Sable, is also deceased. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers in Maryland. After at- tendance at the public schools of Baltimore young Cooper at the age of fifteen years went to Cape Henry, and served as an apprentice for six years in learning the occupation of a pilot. His term of service was spent on one of his father’s pilot-boats, between Capes Hatteras and Henry. He subsequently pursued the vocation of a pilot for about ten years, and then cruised for about,a year off the coast of Florida, having before leaving the Chesapeake sold his pilot-boats and their appurtenances. His return from Florida was hastened by an attack of yellow fever. In 1860 he was elected by the Board of Maryland Pilots as President thereof, which office he continues to hold. He occupied the position of Port Warden of Baltimore for one year (1869) under Mayor Banks. In 1870 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1872, and again in 1874. In 1875 he was elected to the State Senate of Maryland for four years. In 1870 Mr. Cooper married Miss L. J. Baker, of Baltimore, and has three sons living. Mr. Cooper’s po- litical sentiments are in accord with the Democratic-Con- servative party. He is liberal in his religious views, hav- ing no denominational bias. His personal popularity is very great, and in both the public and private relations of life he has commanded unqualified confidence and esteem. Gon WILL1am, a well-known Merchant in Balti- [$s more for thirty-two years, was born in Newark, i." New Jersey, May 6,1790. His parents were Rufus i and Charity (Campbell) Crane. He was a direct descendant of at least three of the small band who came from Connecticut in 1666, and began the settlement of Newark. One of these was Jasper Crane, who was the first magistrate of the town, and another was Captain Robert Treat, who went back to Connecticut and became Governor of that colony. Captain Treat distinguished himself in the Indian wars; and presided in that celebrated 636 assembly, in which the lights being suddenly blown out the charter of the colony was spirited away and hidden in the Charter Oak, frustrating the scheme of Edmond An- dros and King James II to take it from them. Mary Treat, the daughter of Captain Treat, married Azariah, the son of Jasper Crane. She inherited her father’s land in New Jersey, and on this land the father of William Crane lived in early life. But during the Revolutionary war, while Rufus Crane was fighting for his country, his house in Newark was burned down by the ‘ Tories,’ and he was afterwards unsuccessful in business. He died when his son William was a boy, and left his family unprovided for. William Crane at the age of ten years went to work on a farm, and from that time depended for support on his own exertions. His educational advantages were therefore very limited, yet he improved every opportunity of acquir- ing useful knowledge. From his enthusiastic love of read- ing, aided by a remarkable memory, he gained much and varied information, and was fortunate in possessing friends who perceiving his natural intelligence lent him books and directed his reading. When he became of age friends supplied him with goods to take to Richmond, Virginia, and sell on their account. He was successful, and fixed his residence in that city in 1822. He was afterwards known in Richmond as a merchant in hides and leather. In 1834 he removed to Baltimore, where he ever afterwards resided. He was a successful merchant and an honored citizen. One of the steamships plying between Baltimore and Boston bears his name. He was actively engaged in many benevolent societies, and was always working for what he believed to be the good of humanity at home and abroad. He was Vice-President of the African Coloniza- tion Society, of which Henry Clay was President. During the civil war Mr. Crane was a Union man, but that did not prevent him from performing many kind and generous acts then and afterwards to those who differed from him. He united with the Baptist Church in his native town when eighteen years of age, and always remained in that denomi- nation, but formed many warm friendships and fellowships in other branches of the Christian Church. He was very liberal, giving freely of his time and money to benevolent and religious work, which was to him the most absorbing of his life. He was for many years a devoted friend of the late Rev. Dr. R. Fuller, his pastor, and also of the Rev. George F, Adams, pastor of the Calvert Street Bap- tist Church, which was organized through the interest and liberality of Mr. Crane. It is now known as the High Street Baptist Church. His appreciation of the press as a power for good Jed him to institute measures which resulted in the establishment of one of the largest weekly religious newspapers in the country, 7he Religious Herald, of Rich- mond, Virginia, a Baptist journal, having an extensive cir- culation, especially throughout the South. Mr. Crane was twice married : first to a daughter of Mr. Samuel Dorsett, of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, who left him a widower in BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1830; and the second time to a daughter of Dr. John Moncure Daniel, of Stafford County, Virginia, who sur- vives him. He died suddenly September 28, 1866, pass- ing away as he had often expressed a desire to do, gently and peacefully, without apparent pain or sign of struggle. The surviving children of Mr. Crane by his first wife are: Rev. W. Carey Crane, D.D., President of Baylor Univer- sity, a Baptist institution of Independence, Texas; A. Fuller Crane, Sr., who has held many positions of honor and trust in mercantile, commercial, and religious and benevolent institutions of the city; and Miss Elizabeth Crane, of Baltimore. By his second wife the following are the children living at this time (1879): Miss Lydia, a lady of some literary attainments ; Miss Fanny G.; James C., who with a grandson of William (John D. Crane) are the successors in the well-known hide and leather firm of William Crane & Sons, Baltimore ; William Ward Crane, also a writer of some merit; and Miss Josephine S. Crane. Prominent among the deceased children of Mr. Crane were : A. Judson Crane, attorney, of Richmond, Virginia; Mrs. Francis Burns, Jr.; Mrs. A. Seemuller, an authoress ; and George D. Crane, a prominent politician in California. GWeOUSTON, Henry Wuirez, M.D., was born in WW Lewes, Delaware, October 2, 1809. His father, bute Liston Alexander Houston, was of Scotch-Irish i? ancestors, who settled near Milton, Delaware, HH about the middle of the seventeenth century. The pioneers of the family in this country were three brothers, who settled.in the above region’of country, and whose descendants are scattered through the South and West. General Samuel Houston, of Texas, was a member of this family, as also is Judge John Houston, of Delaware. The doctor’s father conducted » mercantile business for some years in Lewes, and died about 1813. His mother was Miss Mary, daughter of Shepherd Prettyman, of Sussex County, Delaware. His parents were both consistent mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His mother died in 1824, leaving a family of six children. After re- ceiving a proper education in Milton, Delaware, he at the age of eighteen years went to Philadelphia to learn the drug business with Thomas Oliver, with whom he con- tinued for a year and then returned to Delaware. Soon thereafter he commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. William D. Wolf, of Milton, an eminent physician. In 1830 he matriculated at the University of Maryland, and graduated therefrom in 1832. He entered upon the practice of his profession in Lewes, where he continued for eighteen months and then removed to Fed- eralsburg, Dorchester County, Maryland, taking the office and practice of Dr. Phelps. After practicing there two years he removed to East New Market, where, in 1836, he began a practice which grew to large proportions, and SS SSs—°y SSSS < SCN SSSSSSS SSS SS SSS SSS ~~ = 3S ~ SSX SSSSSSS SMW WSSS SN BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. from which he retired in 187r. On account of failing health he removed to his estate of ‘ Idlewild,” on the Choptank River, near New Market. There he continued four years. In 1875 he assumed the charge of a drug store in New Market, which he had purchased for a rela- tive, and which he now conducts. Dr. Houston has been twice married : first, to Miss Tryphenia (Dixon) Lecompte, May 26, 1836. She died in 1860, and in October, 1861, he married Mrs. Euphemia C. Wingate, widow of Dr. William Lecompte Wingate. She isa daughter of Hon. Jacob Charles, of Caroline County. The doctor has one child, a daughter, by his second marriage. He is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GWeMITH, Ropney B., Manufacturer of and Wholesale ‘ity) Dealer in Paper, was born, July 31, 1827, in Han- “ec over Township, Chatauqua County, New York. He is one of nine children, whose parents were Henry and Beulah (Blodgett) Smith, the former of English, the latter of Welsh descent. Heriry Smith was born in Gorham, Massachusetts, and at an early age (1810) located in Chatauqua County, New York. He there mar- ried and became engaged in the farming and milling busi- ness. His wife, Beulah Blodgett, was also a native of Massachusetts. Rodney’s education was received partially in the country schools, but principally in the academy at Fredonia, New York, His mother died when he was eleven years of age, and a considerable portion of his youth was spent in working- for his uncle, Rodney B, Smith, after whom he was named, and who was engaged in the farming, milling, and tanning business. At the early age of fifteen he superintended through the entire night his uncle’s grist-mill. He thus soon acquired the habit of relying upon his own industry and exertions for a ‘livelihood ; and the foundation of his business education was laid in his uncle’s employ as a clerk in the latter’s store at Smith’s Mills. On attaining his majority he entered into the employment of H. M. Farnham, who was in the same line of business as his uncle in the village of Silver Creek, Chatauqua County. He occupied the latter position for about two years. At Silver Creek he married Ann M., daughter of Charles Lockwood, a leading drug- gist of that place. He died at Mr. Smith’s residence in Baltimore in November, 1876. At Silver Spring Mr. Smith formed a copartnership with his brother-in-law, Henry C. Lockwood, in the hardware business, under the frm name of Lockwood & Smith. After successfully prosecuting the same until 1852 he removed to Elmira, New York, where he established himself in the above business on his individual account, and conducted it with success until 1861. On account of impaired health he concluded to remove to a milder climate, and in the above year established himself in a general trading business 81 . 637 (liquors excepted) in the city of Baltimore with his former partner, Henry C. Lockwood. The house had two branch stores, one in Norfolk, Virginia, and the other in Plymouth, North Carolina. The latter traded mostly in army sup- plies, which were captured by the Confederates, the value of the stock at the time being thirty thousand dollars. During the last year of the war the establishment had a special permit to receive cotton from the South for a money equivalent. One shipload received by Mr. Smith at the port of New York realized a profit of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, In 1865 the house abandoned the business of general trading, and commenced in the spring of 1866 the manufacture, at 34 Hanover Street, of paper bags, as- sociating with them Isaac H. Dixon, under the frm name of Smith, Dixon & Lockwood. In 1867 Mr. Lockwood withdrew from the firm, and the remaining partners asso- ciated with them W. A. Russell, of Lawrence, Massachu- setts, the largest paper manufacturer in this country, and who controls a number of mills in New England. The firm dssumed the style of Smith, Dixon & Company, and the wholesale and jobbing paper trade was added to the manufacture of paper bags. On account of increase of business the firm in 1869 removed to their present site, Nos, 33 and 35 South Charles Street. Here they manu- facture three hundred thousand dollars worth of paper bags per year, and employ one hundred persons. The principal market for the bags is in New York. They re- ceive the product of about, thirty mills, and sell about thirty thousand tons of paper of various kinds*per annum. They supply about thirty daily and weekly newspapers and periodicals. Mr. Smith is a gentleman of agreeable social qualities, sterling integrity, and, whilst devoted to business, shows every solicitude for the comfort and happiness of his family, He has always been an earnest advocate of temperance, and is a member of St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church. He has been for many yéars a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity. He has one son and 4 daughter, the former being engaged in his establishment. W,OHNSON, GREENLEAF, Lumber Merchant, was born, November 16, 1820, in Conway, New Hampshire, “His ancestors were originally from England. His father, Ira B. Johnson, was a farmer in the neighbor- hood of Montpelier, Vermont. After attending the common schools of Chatham, New Hampshire, he for sev- eral years assisted his father on the farm. When about twenty years of age he went to Boston, Massachusetts, and engaged with James Prentice, a large pork-packer of West Cambridge, Massachusetts. Mr. Johnson’s department was to purchase live hogs and ship them by rail to Boston for Mr. Prentice. In this business he continued for three years, and was then about to enter into partnership with Mr. Prentice when the death of Mr. Prentice occurred. In 638 March, 1844, Mr. Johnson came to Baltimore and engaged as foreman in the mill of Mr. Henry Herring, and as such © remained until 1848. December 14, 1848, he married Eliza- beth, daughter of Nicholas Harrison, of Carroll County, Maryland. In the spring of 1849 he went to New York, and immediately built a large planing-mill on the North River, between Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh streets. This being the time of the California gold fever lumber was then in great demand at large prices. He remained in New York two years, and during that time had a greater demand for lumber than he could supply. Having a good offer for his mill and stock, and wishing to return to Mary- land, he sold out, and removed to Somerset County, where he built three saw-mills. Having purchased several ves- sels, he sent his lumber to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. In 1865, still retaining those mills and his lands in Somerset County, he took up his residence in Baltimore. Shortly afterward he formed a partnership in that city with Mr. Richard T. Waters in the lumber busi- ness. About two years thereafter the firm bought a large quantity of timber lands in Virginia, and built a mill at Freeport and two at Norfolk. They also bought a half interest ina mill at Snow Hill. For » number of years this firm did a very successful business. In 1873 the part- nership was dissolved, Mr. Johnson retaining the mills in Virginia, together with lands, steamers, and other property used in carrying on.the business. Mr. Johnson then formed a partnership with his two sons, Howard N. and Greenleaf Johnson, Jr. For the past twenty-five years Mr. Johnson has had in his employ on an average one hundred men. During the year 1877 this firm sold sixteen million and a half feet of lumber. During the year 1878 they averaged a million amonth. Though a Democrat in principle, Mr. Johnson is not a partisan. He has never accepted political office. He is a member of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church. Janu- ary 17, 1878, his daughter, Mrs. Smelty, died at Crescent City, Florida. Her mother, overburdened with grief, very soon followed her daughter, dying March 3, 1878, in Bal- timore. Mr. Johnson is strictly speaking a self-made man. Beginning the world without any capital, by industry, pru- dence, and sagacity he gradually accumulated means, es- tablished himself in business, and is now in possession of considerable property and a handsome competence. He is astanch, reliable, and public-spirited citizen. URNER, Rosert, was born in Baltimore, Novem- J ie ber 9, 1818, and there received his education. After leaving school he exhibited an inclination Ke. for a mechanical pursuit, but soon abandoned it and p ~ established himself in the fertilizing business, which he has been steadily and successfully pursuing for about forty years. During the whole of his commercial career Mr. Turner has borne an enviable reputation for integrity. In BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1842 he married Miss Elizabeth M. Turner, daughter of Harry F. Turner, a respected citizen of Baltimore, eight children being the issue of the marriage, five of whom are living. The estimation in which Mr. Turner is held by the community in which he lives-is indicated by the fact that he has been frequently solicited to become a candidate for public office. In two or three instances he has yielded to these solicitations, and was elected by the Republican party to the House of Delegates and the Senate of Maryland. When General Grant was a candidate for his second Presi- dential term Mr. Turner was prevailed upon by the Re- publican party of the Third Congressional District of Mary- land to become its candidate for Congress, and such was his great personal popularity that he ran one thousand votes ahead of Grant, a circumstance that was unequalled in that memorable campaign. Mr. Turner’s name has been promi- nently mentioned in connection with other high and re- sponsible official trusts, such as the, Mayoralty of Balti- more, the Collectorship of that port, and the Naval Officers under the present administration (President Hayes). His religious belief is that of the old-fashioned Wesleyan Methodists. He embraced religion at a very early period of life, and has ever since been a zealous and consistent member of the Church. He was for many years a very active member of the old Caroline Street Church, and con- tributed liberally to its support and charities, his donations amounting to thousands of dollars. During the past few years he has been connected with the Broadway Church. Mr. Turner’s character for charity and benevolence have made his name a household word. He is as unostenta- tious as he is liberal, giving for the good that his gifts con- fer, and not merely for the applause of the world. » i, 6 ASSEY, WILLIAM Boones, a retired Merchant and a p q wealthy Landholder of Caroline County, Mary- Ra OF land, was born in that county in the year 1815. i His parents were William and Elizabeth (Boone) Massey. His father died at the age of fifty, when his son William was only two years old. He began his education at a subscription school at the age of six, and continued to attend till he was ten, paying for his school- ing at this tender age by working upon the farm. But his tastes inclined him to mercantile pursuits, and at the age of fourteen he engaged as clerk in a store in Greens- boro, of which Mr. Thomas Birchinal was the proprietor. With this gentleman he remained till he was twenty-two years of age, when, in connection with Mr. William H. Dowries, he bought out Mr. Birchinal, and the two started a general merchandise business. Mr. Massey’s share of the capital was only three hundred dollars. At the end of six years he bought out the interest of his partner and continued alone for twelve years, when he again took a partner, Mr. William C. Meads. In 1855 he bought out BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Mr. Meads and conducted the business by himself for sev- enteen years. In 1872 he sold out his store and engaged in farming, having spent thirty-five years of his life as a merchant. He began the purchase of real estate in 1842. For ten years from 1847 he invested in vessels trading be- tween Philadelphia and Baltimore, but finally gave all his attention to real estate. Since his retirement from business he has been investing all his money in this way, till now he is the possessor of about twelve hundred acres of land, all-situated in Caroline County. He has made his fortune by his own industry, honesty, and perseverance. He has had reverses, but it is his boast that he has never paid less than one hundred cents on every dollar of his debts. Mr. Massey was active as an old-line Whig from his earliest manhood up to the accession of Mr. Lincoln to the Presi- dency, after which he became and is still a Republican. He has always shunned political office and conspicuous party position. He has travelled very generally through the United States and Canada. He was married in 1838 to Anna Maria, daughter of Andrew Baggs, of Caroline County, by whom he had six children. He lost his wife in 1848, and remained a widower until 1862, when he mar- ried Mrs. Elizabeth Turner, daughter of Mr. W. T. Wright, of Queen Anne’s County. Two children have been bérn to them. Mr. Massey is the father of Hon. James Massey, member from Caroline County of the present State Legis- lature. He early became attached to the Methodist Epis- copal Church, which he still attends. wr OATS, JoHN, was born in Baltimore October 7, 7 AG 1814. His parents, Henry and Elizabeth Loats, came to this country from Germany about the year % 1800, His father was a horticulturist, and supported his family by his daily labor. He died in the year 1817, when the subject of this sketch was but three years old, leaving three children to the care of his widow, with no resources but those which her own exertions could supply. John had scarcely reached the age of eleven before he was earning his own living and contributing to the support of his mother. At that early age he mani- fested a disposition to work his way up in the world. Having had about eight months’ schooling, he was appren- ticed to George Algire, a tanner, in Baltimore County, and by dint of energy and determination soon made himself master of the trade in all its branches. He worked one year as a journeyman, receiving but eight dollars per month, and from the meagre sum he had saved concluded to embark in the tanning business on his own account. -At the age of twenty-one he formed a partnership with Richard Johns in Baltimore County, which continued for thirteen years. In 1848 he removed to Frederick, and purchased the large tannery and dwelling of Casper Quinn, where he carried on business successfully for nearly thirty 639 years, His leather gained a wide reputation, and always commanded the highest market price. In 1877, finding that close application to business was impairing his health, he sold his tannery and retired, ranking among the wealthiest tanners in the State. For the last twenty years Mr. Loats has also owned and cultivated one of the finest farms in Maryland, near Frederick City. Although no politician he has held several public positions, but never aspired to or filled an office of a lucrative character. He was at one period a member of fourteen corporate bodies, and was among the few capitalists of Frederick who would enter almost unsupported into any enterprise that suggested benefit to the community. The Frederick and Pennsylva- nia Line Railroad was one of the most notable enterprises in which he engaged. The credit of building that road is pre-eminently due to him. He has been President of the road from the beginning, and the greatest compliment that could be paid to his integrity is found in the fact that he handled upwards of a million dollars used in its con- struction without giving a bond, every dollar of which was satisfactorily expended and accounted for. No other man in that community would have undertaken the task, and probably no other could have so successfully carried it through. Mr. Loats is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and is a liberal contributor to colleges, schools, and religious and charitable institutions. Many persons now occupying prominent positions owe their start in life to his liberality. Others on the verge of bank- ruptcy have been rescued from ruin by aid and advice. He has ever been the poor man’s friend, never turning away empty-handed any deserving applicant for assistance. He has been twice married. His first wife was a Miss Chilcoat, an estimable lady of Baltimore County, who died a few years after their marriage. His second wife was Miss Callie Sifford, a daughter of John Sifford, of Fred- erick County. She died in May, 1875, lamented by the whole community, who loved her for her amiable disposi- tion and generous charities, Fear” born in Gotha, Germany, March 4, 1821. He “PP. was educated in the Gymnasium Ernestinum of bt that city, and pursued his medical studies under the direction of three eminent homceopathic physicians, Dr. Blau, Dr. Plaubel, and Dr. Wohlgemuth. The great founder of homceopathy, Dr. Hahnemann, was a friend of the family, and the young Johann early became interested in everything connected with that branch of science. When scarcely sixteen years of age he began to practice at home, and his intuitive skill even then gave assurance of future success. In 1852 he came to America and opened an office in Baltimore, in which city he in a short PAR MTHOR, JOHANN MICHAEL RoBERT, M.D., son of Andrew and Caroline (Poller) Amthor, was Moar 640 time gained a large practice, and where he has since re- mained, gaining year by year a stronger hold on the confi- dence and respect of the people. Besides his large gen- eral practice Dr. Amthor has obtained a wide celebrity as a specialist in rheumatic diseases and all affections of the throat and chest. He is now, with one exception, the ho- mceopathic physician longest resident in Baltimore, highly esteemed by all who know him. He joined the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons in February, 1859, and is a member of King David’s Lodge, No. 68. In religion he adheres to the Lutheran faith, the Church of his parents. Dr. Amthor married in 1852 Fredericke Oschman, also a native of Gotha, and has four sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Robert, born February 28, 1856, is a student at the Hahnemann Medical College in Philadel- phia. He commenced study and practice with his father, to whom he is of great assistance during his vacations. a WELCOME, was born in Wardsboro, Wind. é () } ham County, Vermont, December 22, 1826. Beyox His parents, Daniel and Mary (Durant) White, oe had a family of fifteen children, of whom fourteen grew to maturity, and most of them are still living. His grandfather, Thomas White, was from Massachusetts, and is believed to have descended from Peregrine White. The family is of English descent. Mr. White’s maternal - grandfather, Samuel Durant, served in the patriot army during the whole of the Revolutionary war. He was de- scended from a French Protestant family who early settled in New England. Daniel White was a Lieutenant in the militia during the war of 1812. Welcome White attended a neighboring school for several winters during his child- hood and youth, and was brought up to the labors of the farm till he attained his majority. He then learned the carpenter trade with his brother-in-law, and such was his mechanical genius that in six months he was equal to a journeyman, after one year receiving full wages. He remained with his brother-in-law five years. In 1852 he removed to Baltimore, and entered into partnership with a friend in the bakery business on High Street. They had no knowledge of the details of the business, and had to depend wholly on their native shrewdness and energy, but they were successful from the beginning. At the end of the first year Mr. White purchased his partner’s interest. In 1858 he sold his establishment, and removed to his native town. He built a fine grist-mill on property which he had taken in part payment. After four years’ absence Mr. White returned to Baltimore, resuming business, at his old stand. In 1865 he greatly enlarged his business, locating at 92 North Paca Street, where he still remains. He ranks among the substantial men of Baltimore. His specialty is in bread and pies, in which trade his house is the leading one in the city. He has travelled extensively BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. through the United States. In religion he is a Univer- salist, and in politics a Republican. He was married in Baltimore, in 1857, to Miss M. F. Read, who was from his native place. They have six children living, viz., Clara M., Flora E., Jennie J., Minnie M., Wallace D., and Leila M. White. In 1872 they lost a most promising child by the name of Wilbur Henry. WW OUGHTON, Cuar_es E., Merchant, was born in yi ) Harvard, Massachusetts, August 24, 1827, and a was the only son of Steadman and Ann (Cragin) “Yi Houghton, He attended the public schools of the HH place, and for some time enjoyed the advantages of the High School; but at the age of seventeen he put into execution a plan he had cherished from childhood, and sought his fortunes in the West. He went as far as Cin- cinnati, where he found employment in a provision store, and after serving some time as clerk was taken into part- nership. This partnership was dissolved in 1865, twenty- one years from the time he first entered the store. Mr. Houghton then removed to Baltimore, and formed a part- nership in the fruit-canning business, which continued twelve years. In 1877 he withdrew from that business, and established himself in partnership with Mr, Geiss, at No, 23 Spear’s Wharf, in-the merchandise of plaster, fer- tilizers, and building material. He soon bought out his partner, and conducted the business alone successfully for several years. Mr. Houghton is an active and enterprising man, of high character, « member of the Congregational Church, and of independent views in politics. He mar- ried, in 1858, Miss Caroline S. McMurray, and has four children. Cos: SAMUEL, Merchant, is the son of the late i Samuel Child, a highly esteemed citizen, one of the ~ Old Defenders, and for many years a prominent carriage-builder of Baltimore, who was born near St. { Paul’s, London, and came to this country while yet young. His paternal grandfather, who was a brewer, published a book entitled, Every Man his own Brewer. The mother of Mr. Child was Miss Margaret Worrall, of English descent. Her ancestors were among the early settlers of Maryland. Mr. Child attended private schools, and completed his education at St. Mary’s College when fifteen years of age. His father having received injury in a great accident on the Northern Central Railroad, Samuel was obliged to leave school for the purpose of taking charge of his father’s business. He commenced mercan- tile life in a shipping commission house, and afterward spent a year in a hardware house. He then entered the extensive house-furnishing and fine art store of Samson Carriss, with whom he remained four years, and . BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. where he acquired the knowledge which has resulted in his present business success. From 1854 to 1868 he was connected with the house of Cortland & Co. in the same business, in the course of which time he was admitted as a partner in the concern. In the latter year he dissolved his connection with the firm and opened a similar estab- lishment on North Charles Street, under the firm name of Samuel Child & Co., Samuel Appold becoming a special partner. In 1871 Mr. Child purchased the entire interest of his partner, and under the same firm name has con- ducted: the business ever since. A destructive fire oc- curred in 1875, which involved heavy losses, as the valu- able stock was but partially insured. A temporary inter- ruption of business necessarily ensued during the remodel- ling and enlarging of the premises and the refurnishing and ornamentation of their salesrooms, which was effected at a heavy expense, and it is pronounced one of the finest house-furnishing stores in the country. Mr. Child’s suc- cess in business is mainly attributable to his sterling in- tegrity, enterprise, and uniform courtesy. Much ‘of his stock being of foreign manufacture necessitates annual trips to Europe, in which Mr. Child visits England, France, Germany, and Austria, personally attending to the selection of goods. In politics he was an old-line Whig, and is now aconservative Democrat. He attends the Protestant Episcopal Church. He married a daughter of the late James A, Henderson, of Baltimore. They have four children living, two of whom were partially educated in Europe, the eldest daughter being an artist of some merit. Fe NOES. P. SpesarD, M.D., of Hillsborough, A Caroline County, Maryland, was born in New Castle, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, in the a year 1818. His father, Robert Reynolds, a native of Washington County, Maryland, served with dis- tinction in the war of 1812. He lived to the age of ninety- one years. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Michael Spesard, of the same place. She died in June, 1850, aged sixty-nine years. The education of Dr. Reynolds was commenced at the academy of his native place, and com- pleted at Holmes Literary Institute, New Lisbon, Ohio. His tastes were very decided both for mercantile life and for medicine, and in his earlier manhood his mind was somewhat divided between the two. In the office of Pro- fessor George McCook, of the last-named place, he thor- oughly pursued his medical studies, and after attending two full courses of lectures at the Washington University of Baltimore graduated from that institution in the spring of 1850. Following this he entered immediately upon the practice of his profession in Baltimore, but after two years’ residence in that city his fondness for country life induced him to settle in Hillsborough, where for twenty- 641 eight years he has pursued with unremitting attention and fidelity his duties asa physician. Dr. Reynolds has avoided political life, but as 2 temperance man and an advocate of local option, and of all just and wise measures for the furtherance of the temperance cause, he has been promi- nent. He is a vestryman in the Protestant Episcopal Church, of which for the past sixteen years he has been a member. He has represented his church a number of times in her Diocesan conventions. Dr. Reynolds was married in January, 1878, to Miss C. S., daughter of the late Dr. John H. Holt, of Hillsborough, a well-known physician of that town, whose death occurred in August, 1872. Sheis also a granddaughter of Dr. William E. Seth, a graduate of the University of Paris. Oey) JosEPH, son of Joseph and Mary A. J it (Early) Thompson, was born in Baltimore city, F September 19, 1836. His parents emigrated from @ County Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 1829, and settled in Baltimore. Mr. Thompson was educated at the male Central High School in 1851, now known as Baltimore City College, of which the Rev. Francis Waters was then principal. He pursued a regular English course of study, and on leaving that institution entered into the em- ploy of his father, who was engaged in the business of wheel- wright and blacksmith in Baltimore. After learning his trade Mr. Thompson worked as journeyman for his father, and on his father’s death, which occurred in 1869, he suc- ceeded to the business, which he has carried on at the Same place ever since. Although Mr. Thompson’s life has been spent in the workshop, he has found time to pursue a va- ried course of reading, and has acquired considerable local celebrity as a public speaker and a humorous reader. He has frequently participated in public entertainments for the benefit of charitable and benevolent enterprises, and for several years has been accustomed to make frequent visits to the Penitentiary for the purpose of giving gratuitous readings for the entertainment of the convicts. At the time of the riot in Baltimore, during the great strike of railroad employés, in July, 1877, when the First Maryland Regiment fired into the mob, a peace meeting was held at Hollins Hall by the employés of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, on which occasion Mr. Thompson and William H. Cowan, Esq., were the principal speakers. Resolutions of a pacific character were passed, and the meeting had the effect of restoring order and quiet. The prominence thus secured caused Mr. Thompson to be the choice of the workingmen as their candidate for Mayor at the convention held at Raine’s Hall in 1877, when he was nominated by acclamation. The opposing candidates for the Mayoralty were the Hon. George P. Kane, of the Democratic party, and Mr. Henry M. Warfield, Indepen- dent. Mr. Thompson received over eighteen thousand 642 votes. During the canvass he displayed great ability as a public Speaker, which was quite surprising to his friends and called forth favorable comments from the daily press. His sympathy for the laboring classes finds expression in efforts to ameliorate their condition, and when public meetings are called to advance their interests Mr. Thompson is generally among the first invited to speak and give di- rection to the movement. In 1878 he was the nominee of the Labor, Greenback, and Temperance parties for Repre- sentative in Congress from the Third Congressional Dis- trict of Maryland, and was defeated by the Hon. Robert M. McLane. He is a member of the Odd Fellows, and was Grand Master of Maryland in 1872. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church from childhood. He was married December 2, 1862, to Miss Susie E. Knapp, daughter of John and Harriet Knapp, of Baltimore County, and has two children living. WW ANSON, CoLoneEL SAMUEL, of Green Hill, was born a VW . in 1719 in Charles County, Maryland. He was reer" the son of Hon. Samuel Hanson. On January De. 6, 1776, he was commissioned by the Maryland e Convention Lieutenant-Colonel of the Upper Bat- talion of Charles County, and served with credit. He was noted for his patriotism, and it is related of him that “he presented General Washington eight hundred pounds ster- ling, silver, to cover the bare feet of his soldiers with shoes.” At one time he was a Magistrate and Judge of the Orphans’ Court of Charles County. He was a trusted officer and the life-long intimate friend of Washington. He married Ann Hawkins, and had three sons and five daughters, viz., Major Samuel Hanson, aide-de-camp to General Lafayette, who married Mary Kay, daughter of John and Elizabeth Kay, of New Jersey, and had three sons and three daugh- ters, viz., Hon. Samuel Hanson, who emigrated in 1807 to Kentucky, and was the father of General Roger Weight- man Hanson of the Confederate Army, who fell mortally wounded at the battle of Murfreesborough, Tennessee, and died January 4, 1863, and Hon. Richard Hickman Han- son, of Paris, Kentucky; Isaac Kay, who married Maria Storer; Captain Thomas, United States Army, who died unmarried; Maria, who married Hon. Daniel Sheffey ; Ann, who never married; and Louisa Serena, who married General Roger Chew Weightman, of Washington, D. C. John Contee Hanson ; Captain Thomas Hanson, of “ Oxen Hill,” who married Rebecca, daughter of Walter and Mary (Grafton) Dulany, and granddaughter of Daniel Dulany, the elder, had several children, and is now represented by his descendants, Thomas Mountjoy Hanson, of Washing- ton, D. C.,and Right Rev. George W. Peterkin, Protes- tant Episcopal Bishop of West Virginia; Sarah Hanson, who married Dr. William Beans, of Upper Marlboro, who was captured by the British in 1814 (see the introductory BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. letter of Chief Justice Taney to the poems of Francis S. Key, New York, 1857, and the memoir of Chancellor Alexander Contee Hanson); Eleanor Hanson, who married General Chapman; Mildred Hanson, who married Dr, William Baker; Chloe Hanson, who married General George Lee, « younger brother of Governor Thomas Sim Lee; and Anna Hanson, who married Nicholas Lingan, a younger brother of General James Maccubbin Lingan, and died January 17, 1793, leaving a daughter, Chloe Ann Lingan, who was raised by her aunt, Mrs. Lee, married Rev. William McKenney, Chaplain in the United States Army, and died August 3, 1851, and among other children left « daughter, Anna Hanson McKenney, who married Lorenzo Dorsey, son of Judge Owen Dorsey. Mr. Dorsey died March 9, 1862, leaving five children and his wife, Mrs, Anna -Hanson Dorsey, who is well known in Roman Cath- olic literature as a distinguished and popular writer. GW2PATES, Hon. ALBERTIS WoRTH, Territorial Secre- D tary and Lieutenant-Governor of the Territory of Wyoming, was born in Howard County, Maryland, l February 14, 1847. His father, Thomas Spates, also a native of Maryland, was of English descent; and his mother, Elizabeth Ellen Poulton, daughter of Zachariah Poulton, of Temperance Valley, Howard County, included among her ancestors the Rev. Charles Dorsey, one of the founders of Methodism in Maryland. When Albertis was in the fourth year of his age his parents removed to Lees- burg, Loudon County, Virginia, where his father engaged in mercantile pursuits, conducting the same for about six years, when he went to Baltimore to reside. His son, who had been attending private schools in Leesburg, continued his studies in Baltimore at the best private institutions of that city, including the Newton Academy. At the age of eighteen years he left school and entered upon the study of law in the office of Corwin, Owen & Wilson, Washington, District of Columbia, the senior partner of the firm being the distinguished Tom Corwin, of Ohio. After reading law for three years he was admitted to the bar of the Su- preme Court of the District, and subsequently, on motion of the late Robert J. Brent, was admitted to the Maryland bar. His law practice has been principally in Washington. From his earliest manhood Mr. Spates has taken an active part in politics. When he was but twenty-two years of age he delivered speeches at Democratic meetings in Bal- timore. In 1872 he made an extended canvass for Horace Greeley for President, and was honored with the Presi- dency of the leading Greeley club of Maryland, the head- quarters of which were in Baltimore. During this period he presided over a mass meeting in Monument Square, composed of over ten thousand people. The Democratic Conservative Executive Committee of Maryland, through its Chairman, Hon. A. Leo Knott, selected Mr. Spates to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. advocate Mr. Greeley’s cause in Pennsylvania. In that State, under the auspices of the Democratic and Liberal State Central Committee, Mr. Spates traversed broad dis- tricts of country, delivering speeches sometimes twice a day. He was thus frequently associated with men of national reputation, among whom were United States Sen- ator Tipton, of Nebraska, Hon. Gilbert C. Walker, of Virginia, and.Horace Greeley. In 1873 Mr. Spates made a speech accepting the Reform nomination for the Maryland House of Delegates, which was published by the Citizens’ Convention, and extensively circulated in Balti- more. He took a prominent part in the Reform move- ment of 1875, when Hon. J. Morrison Harris was candi- date for Governor, S. Teackle Wallis for Attorney-General of the State, and Henry M. Warfield for Mayor of Balti- more, and delivered numerous speeches in the city and throughout the counties. On the qth of July of the above year he delivered an address in the Academy of Music, Boston, Massachusetts, under the auspices of Post 7, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Massa- chusetts. The subject was “ The Relations of the North and South,” and it was an eloquent appeal in behalf of reconciliation and peace. His address was published by the press throughout the country, everywhere meeting with the highest commendation. In 1876 he was invited by the National Republican Committee to speak in the interests of the Republican party during the memorable campaign of that year. He was at the great Republican ratification meeting in New Jersey, August 28. He spoke for two weeks in the prominent cities of Maine. From Maine he went to New York, making speeches at leading points, and thence to Ohio. He spoke with Senator Blaine and others at Cincinnati, Cleveland, and the other principal cities of that State. His addresses were always well received, and Mr. Hayes was so favorably impressed with his efforts as to compliment him in person, and extend to him a special invitation to his reception, prior to his leaving Columbus, Ohio, to enter upon his duties as President. In the above campaign Mr. Spates travelled over six thousand miles, and delivered hundreds of addresses. In 1877 he lectured through New England on the labor revolt of that period, speaking in Lowell, Chelsea, and other prominent points, ably defending the cause of labor. The same year he de- livered a Fourth of July address at Hampton Beach, New Hampshire, Governor Noyes, the present United States Minister to France, being one of the speakers on that oc- casion. In 1878 he spoke for several weeks, by special invitation, in Ohio and Pennsylvania in behalf of hard money and the Republican ticket. In the above year Mr. Spates delivered a Fourth of July address to a large as-- sembly at Harewood Park, Baltimore County. In January, 1879, he was appointed Territorial Secretary and Lieuten- ant-Governor of the Territory of Wyoming. On February 24, ensuing, he entered upon the discharge of his duties at Cheyenne, the capital of Wyoming. : 643 Me Ji] and Mechanics’ National Bank of Frederick, f"" Maryland, was born in that city January 28, 1826. © His father, Edward Trail, was of Scotch descent. He died in 1876, aged seventy-eight years. His mother, Lydia C. Ramsburg, who is still living, is from a family very extensively connected, whose German ances- tors were among the original settlers in Frederick County. He received a classical education at Frederick College, and studied law with Joseph M. Palmer, a leading member of the Frederick bar, to which Mr. Trail was admitted in 1849. In February, 1851, Mr. Trail was united in mar- riage with Ariana, youngest daughter of Dr. John H. McElfresh, and with his bride spent the following sum- mer in making the tour of Europe. On returning home he resumed his profession, but after a year or two, his health being impaired, he devoted himself chiefly to the care of his large estates. He also found great enjoyment in the indulgence of his literary tastes, and his range of reading, including German and French authors in their native tongues, was very extensive. He was for some time a contributor to Grakam’s Magazine, then the leading monthly, and to Zhe World, a literary paper of very high standing, edited by Park Benjamin, by whom his contribu- tions were much valued. Though peremptorily declining office, Mr. Trail was at this time an influential leader in the councils and conventions of the Whig party, and fre- quently entertained its most distinguished representatives. At the breaking out of the civil war he came forward promptly as a leader of the Union party in Western Maryland, and did much toward influencing public senti- ment. He wrote the first address on this subject to the people of his county; was elected President of the Union League of Frederick County; appointed an Aide-de-camp by Governor Bradford, and organized several companies for the field. In 1864 he was elected to the House of Delegates ; served as Chairman of the committees on Fed- eral Relations and on Military Affairs, and at the close of the session received the thanks of the House for the ability and fidelity with which he had discharged his im- portant duties. In the following year he was elected to the Senate for four years. Here his most important ser- vices were as Chairman of the Committee on Education, which gave to the State its present system of public schools. He also served on the Judiciary and other com- mittees with United States Senator Vickers, Governor Bowie, Jacob Tome, and others, always commanding the respect and attention of the Senate by the soundness and correctness of his views, and by his generosity and liberal- ity towards his political opponents, who were then in the minority. With them he was always on terms of the most pleasant social intercourse, and enjoyed their respect and esteem to an unusual degree, though never yielding his convictions of right and duty. At the close of his term he positively declined a re-election, He took a warm in- Hand Hon. Cuar-es E., President of the Farmers’ 644 terest in the erection of the State Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb in Frederick, and was Chairman of the Building Committee. He is now President of the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ National Bank, and of the Board of Trustees of the Frederick Female Seminary, a large and prosperous institution with a liberal endowment. - Colonel Trail is a large landholder, owning five or six of the most valuable and highly improved farms in the rich and fertile county of Frederick, and lying chiefly around and in close prox- imity to the city. In June, 1877, he was severely injured by a collision between two trains on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and was reported among the killed, For- tunately no permanent injury was sustained, and after some weeks of suffering he was entirely restored. Mr. Trail’s library is very choice, containing many valuable illustrated books. He possesses a fine collection of paint- ings, and has a passion for music, in which all his children excel. He has three sons and four daughters. i OX, JOHN R., Merchant, was born at Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland, October 17,1817. His a "= father, George Cox, was the youngest son of Wil- ¥* liam Cox, who settled in America in 1744 at what is [ known as Cox’s Mills, Harford County, Maryland. The former went to Baltimore, where he served as an ap- prentice to Alexander Talford, a drygoods merchant, and ultimately became principal business manager of Mr. Talford’s establishment. He married Eliza Hopkins, a Quakeress, and subsequently removed to Union Bridge, where he conducted an extensive business for many years. His wife died and left one son, who died after attaining manhood. He married the second time Miss Sarah Roberts, a Quakeress, daughter of John Roberts, of New Market, Frederick County, Maryland. Mr. Cox’s great- grandfather was a native of England. He married Mary Goldhawk, who became a distinguished minister in the Society of Friends. They were both born near London, and came to America and settled in Harford County. William Cox, the grandfather of John R. Cox, inherited the family estate known as Cox’s Mills. The family was always distinguished for its hospitality, culture, and refine- ment. The subject of this sketch was the eldest son of a family of nine children, five sons and four daughters, of whom one of the former and three of the latter died in early life. One of the sons, Dr. E. Gover Cox, is a prac- ticing physician in Baltimore. Another, William G. Cox, is principal of Number One Male Grammar School. The younger brother and the sister are residing at the old home farm, near Union Bridge. John R. Cox remained upon his father’s farm until the sixteenth year of his age, attend- ing to general farming duties and assisting his father in his store. He went to school at intervals, and acquired BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the rudiments of an English education, applying himself to study at such times as his other occupations would per- mit. In 1833 he entered the boarding school of the late Benjamin Hallowell at Alexandria, Virginia, where he remained until the spring of that year, when he returned home and resumed his general farm work. He returned to Hallowell’s the ensuing autumn, where he remained until spring, and again returned to his country home. Not having a fancy for merchandising, and his health being impaired, he for several winters was employed in teach- ing country schools, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits during the intervening summers. In 1839 he was appointed teacher of the public school at Hanover, Penn- sylvania, and in addition to a change in school government introduced new methods of teaching, based upon a system of induction, by which the pupils were made to better comprehend the subjects taught. His next engagement as a teacher was in a school near his father’s farm, which he conducted for ten months. In 1842 he became a clerk in a grocery and produce store in Baltimore, and finally en- tered into business on his own account, in which he was very successful. In 1854 he was elected a member of the Baltimore City Council. Partly through his instrumental- ity the “Water Works,” then the monopoly of a corpora- tion, passed into the control of the city. He was a strong advocate of the five million dollar loan to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the passage of which measure he was greatly instrumental in effecting. The resolution of in- quiry into the practicability and expediency of a paid fire department he prepared and urged the adoption of. Dur- ing the session of the Council the Susquehanna Railroad and other roads were consolidated, and extended to Sun- bury, Pennsylvania, under the name of the Northern Cen- tral Railway. In 1864 he was returned to the City Coun- cil, and was made Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, Whilst thus acting he announced his theory in relation to “taxes, the expenses of the city, and how to regulate them,” which excited much favorable comment. He claims that if his views had been heeded, the taxpayers would have been saved many millions of dollars. In 1866 Mr. Gox was elected by the City Council Finance Com- missioner of Baltimore city, his colleague being Evan T. Ellicott, who was succeeded at his death by Robert M. Proud. The contract for the construction of the Western Maryland Railroad had been awarded, and the work was progressing. Mr. Cox had his doubts of the correctness of the estimates, and proposed to have the work re- measured by competent engineers. The Mayor and Mr. Proud united with him in the proposition; and Mr. Martin, by the approbation of the railroad directors, was selected for that purpose. The result was the saving of many thousand dollars to the city. His party urged his accept- ance of a nomination for the Mayoralty, which he posi- tively declined. He was nominated by successive con- ventions of the Republican party for the State Senate and ee. Lips ee , Ce Li Le Le LLL ty, yy ZZ ti, We Ce tis ess LE yg ZT LLL, Ye LL YE Z LE ye yyy) Yi Ze eg LLL ZZ 2 gy _ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Congress, without being consulted. Mr. Cox has always been an earnest and efficient worker in benevolent enter- prises. Fora number of years he was an active member of the Poor Association of Baltimore, and took a promi- nent part in the organization of the Inebriate Asylum. He was one of the incorporators, and was elected President of the House of Reformation and Instruction for Colored Children, which was incorporated by the General Assembly of Maryland in 1870. Under his administration the in- stitution has proved a great success. Mr. Cox took an active part in the organization of the free summer excur- sions for poor children, and has served on the most impor- tant committees connected therewith. At different times, for more than ten years, through the public press and otherwise, he has called the attention of the Board of Public School Commissioners to the importance of teaching the female pupils the art of sewing. Among the prominent positions held by him are those of Trustee of the Balti- more City Almshouse, and Director in the American Fire Insurance Company. He is also a Director in the Howard Bank of Baltimore. Whilst Trustee of the Alms- house, he advocated the retention of the farm attached thereto, as a valuable and profitable adjunct of the institu- tion. His views were in opposition to those of the major- ity of the Board of Trustees, and were at variance with the public sentiment on the subject. They, however, pre- vailed, and the beneficial results that ensued by retaining and working the farm showed the wisdom of his judgment and his practical knowledge of farming. Mr. and Mrs. Cox were among the earliest suggesters and promoters of the Kindergarten system of education in Baltimore. They established a school on Eutaw Street, assisted by Eli M. Lamb, Mrs, Cox’s brother, which was kept up about two years. Mr. Cox has contributed numerous articles to the newspapers on subjects of public interest, and has delivered several interesting addresses, notably his addresses before the Ciceronian Lyceum of Baltimore in January, 1849, on “‘ Usefulness,’’ which was treated in so able a manner as to cause its publication in full in the press of Baltimore, and his address in the City Council on the occasion of the assassination of President Lincoln. While at Hanover, Pennsylvania, he contributed to the Hera/d, then a leading journal of that place, a series of essays pertaining to the moral and intellectual welfare of the community, which were widely read and commended. He also wrote two interesting articles, one in the Baltimore Herald, a monthly paper, and one in the Baltimore Morning Herald, on the subject of “ Inebriety,”’ as to whether it is a disease, and suggesting as a remedy the confinement of inebriates, and allowing them to have no drink except alcoholic and spirituous liquors, at the same time having all the food which they eat saturated with liquor, and the very air they breathe impregnated with it. In August, 1869, Mr. Cox married Miss Mary M. Lamb, eldest daughter of John E. Lamb. He has three children living, George Emmerson, 82 645 Hetty Lamb, and John Roberts Cox. As were his ances- tors, so also is Mr. Cox, an earnest and efficient member of the Society of Frierids. aso Wy ARRIS, Hon. J. Morrison, Lawyer, was born in y \ : Baltimore, Maryland. His father, Colonel David Tn 2 C5, ‘ Harris, was also a Baltimorean by birth, and (8 whena very young man joined the volunteers who %8 went West to put down the famous whiskey rebellion. He was later engaged in a large Western business on Howard Street, Baltimore. When the war of 1812 broke out and the safety of Baltimore was endangered he was by com- mon consent placed in command of the First Regiment of Volunteer Artillerists, in raising which he had been very active. His regiment was provided with a fine park of artillery, and did gallant service in the defence of the city. Three of his companies were on duty at Fort Mc- Henry during the bombardment, while a fourth company participated in the battle of North Point. Colonel Harris, with the remaining six companies of his regiment, in con- nection with a corps under Commodore Rogers and Cap- tain Stiles, held the lines thrown up for the immediate de- fence of the city, on what was known as Loudenslaget’s Hill, and now in part occupied as Patterson’s Park. Some of the most esteemed and honored of the old citizens of Baltimore were among the officers and aids of this then celebrated regiment. Colonel Harris was the First Vice- President of the Association of the Old Defenders of Bal- timore. His death occurred at the age of seventy-five at the residence of his son, the Rev. John M. Harris, near Charlestown, Virginia. Mr. J. Morrison Harris, the sub- ject of this sketch, received a thorough education, not only in the classical languages but especially in mathematics and general literature, at Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, but in consequence of an affection of his eyes, which for some time threatened the loss of sight, he was obliged to leave the institution before graduation, On his return to Baltimore Mr. Harris was appointed to a clerkship in one of the banks. In this position he attracted the attention of many, whose friendship he secured and still retains, by his frank address and business capacity. In connection with Charles Bradenbaugh, his accomplished friend, he founded the Mercantile Library Association of Baltimore while in the service of the bank, and in association with others established the yearly series of lectures under the auspices of the Association, which was inaugurated by a most remarkable discourse from John Quincy Adams. While in the bank Mr. Harris’s talents won for him the regard of many of the best lawyers of the Baltimore bar, and among them the late David Stewart, who persuaded him to commence the study of law in his office, then one of the most popular and busiest in the city. There he completed the course and was admitted to the bar. Soon after entering upon practice failing health induced him to os @ 646 go abroad for a year, which he spent in visiting England, France, Germany, and Italy. In France and Italy his early love of literature and art so thoroughly revived that on his return to the United States he employed much of the leisure of the first year in preparing a series of articles for the magazines and popular lectures, which brought him prominently to public notice by their eloquence. Political attention was soon drawn to Mr. Harris, and he was nomi- nated as Whig candidate, with John Pendleton Kennedy, for the Legislature of Maryland. He was one of the Presidential electors in the “ Taylor Campaign,” and aided by his numerous speeches in carrying Maryland for the hero of Buena Vista. In 1854he accepted the nomination from the American party in the then Third Congressional District of Maryland, in which he lived, and was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty- fifth and to the Thirty-sixth congresses. His election to the second of these congresses was contested by William P. Preston, whose claim was not recognized by the House of Representatives, and to the third by Hon. William Pinkney Whyte. Inthe contest with this gentleman the reso- lution reported by the majority of the committee proposing to send back the election to the people of the district for a new poll, was rejected by a majority of nine in a House having a Democratic majority of eighteen. In both these cases Mr. Harris, of course, remained the sitting member from his district. During his six years’ service in Congress Mr. Harris was on the committees of the District of Columbia and of Naval Affairs, both of high local and national importance. As member of the Naval Committee he succeeded in having passed as a substitute for the bill reported by the majority of that committee an act increas- ing the pay of the navy. He was also successful in procuring large appropriations in the interests of Baltimore; among which was one for one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for the improvement of its river and harbor. This appro- priation was vetoed by President Buchanan, but Mr. Harris succeeded in procuring the passage of the bill over the President’s veto. He also succeeded in securing an ap- propriation of two hundred thousand dollars for the pur- chase of ground and erection of the United States Court- house in Baltimore. He was further able to arrange the long-standing claims of the State of Maryland against the Government of the United States. In the excitement of 1860 Mr. Harris was recognized in the House of Repre- sentatives as one of its most ardently conservative mem- bers in all the fruitless efforts that were made to arrange the difficulties which ended in secession and war. He took the strongest grounds against secession, and his ap- peals touched the hearts of many a Northern as well as Southern extremist. But, unfortunately, men, circum- stances, and passion ruled the hour; and when the time came for nominations to be made for the Thirty-seventh Congress he was tendered a renomination - upon condition that he would “ sustain all the measures of Mr. Lincoln’s BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. administration,” which, because ignorant of what they might be, and holding such a pledge to be an unworthy limitation of personal and independent judgment, he de- clined to do. Mr. Harris has not been an active politician since that period. For several years he has been con- sidered « Democrat in his district, and has voted the Democratic ticket at all elections during that time. Since the war ended he has been strictly a professional man, save only his advocacy of the recognition by the registers ap- pointed by the State of those who had been disfranchised as a consequence of the war. In 1867, in consequence of the pressure of his professional engagements, which did not at the time permit interruption, Mr. Harris declined the honor of a nomination to the proposed Constitutional Conven- tion which had been made by the Democratic Convention of Baltimore County, his name being placed at the head of the list and receiving all the votes cast in the Conven-. tion. In 1875, yielding to a most urgent appeal which came to him from merchants, business men, workmen, and taxpayers of Baltimore and the State who demanded the services of a firm, able, honest man, Mr. Harris permitted his name to be used as the candidate on the Citizen’s Re- form ticket for Governor. In this election Mr. Harris re- ceived a large majority over his opponent in the counties of the State, but, under circumstances locally well known, that vote was reversed in the city. He organized the movement that has resulted in the erection of the splendid building occupied by the Young Men’s Christian Associa- tion of Baltimore, and was President of the Board of Trustees of the Building Fund. He has been for many . years amember of ‘ The Committee ”’ of the First Presby- terian Church, and in 1854, as Chairman of the Building Committee, submitted plans for the new church on Madi- son and Park streets, and continued to act as Chairman until the completion of the work. He has always been a warm friend and earnest and vigorous advocate of the Baltimore system of public education. WeWeORWITZ, Puineas J., Medical Director United Wy ( States Navy, the third son of Dr. J. Horwitz, are" =~ was born in Baltimore March 3, 1822. He stu- i died medicine under Professor Nathan R. Smith, and graduated at the University of Maryland in 1844. He afterwards continued his medical studies at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. He entered the navy in 1847, and was immediately assigned to duty on the squadron then blockading the coast of Mexico. Soon after reporting for duty in the blockading squadron he was se- lected to take charge of the Naval Hospital at Frontera de Tobasco, and continued in that responsible position until the close of the Mexican war. On reaching ‘home, in recognition of his effictency.in Mexico, he was detailed by the Navy Department for duty on board the frigate Con-. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. stitution, then fitting out for the Mediterranean squadron. He was promoted Passed Assistant Surgeon in 1853. In 1854 he married Caroline, daughter of Joseph Parker Norris, Esq., of Philadelphia. Dr. Horwitz continued to be actively employed at sea until 1859, when he was ten- dered and accepted the position of Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery in the Navy Department. This position he held until 1865. Owing to the feeble health of the Surgeon-General, the labors of the Bureau fell almost entirely upon Dr. Horwitz, whose eminent executive ability, devotion to duty, honesty, economy, and capacity were fully displayed during the four years of the late war, which necessitated intense labor in the perform- ance of the complicated duties of his office. When the war broke out the navy consisted of some fifteen or twenty vessels, which were distributed throughout the world. At the termination of hostilities there were some seven hun- dred ships in commission, all actively engaged on duty. These had to be kept supplied with surgeons, apotheca- ries, nurses, medicines, medical stores, and all the para- phernalia that go to make up an efficient medical depart- ment. The superintendence of this work fell almost entirely upon Dr. Horwitz, and during the whole period of the war it is not known that there was a single com- plaint made against the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. On the death of his predecessor Dr. Horwitz was at once appointed Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, or, as it is now called, Surgeon-General, which placed him at the head of the medical corps of the navy, a corps numbering in its ranks some of the most eminent medical men of the country. Dr. Horwitz severed his connection with the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery in 1869, after a service of more than ten years at the Navy Department. In 1871 Dr. Horwitz was promoted to Medical Inspector, and in 1873 to Medical Director, which rank, the highest in the corps, he now holds. Since 1869 he has been stationed at Philadelphia. During the year 1877 Dr. Horwitz met with a severe blow in the loss of his wife, of whom it has been said : “ She was per- fect.” In the latter part of the same year he also lost his eldest son, Dr. Theodore Horwitz, a young man of rare qualities of both head and heart, who graduated at the Jef- ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, with the most dis- tinguished honors in a class numbering more than five hundred students, and who also subsequently passed at the head of a competitive examination for the position of Resi- dent Physician at the Philadelphia Almshouse, a post that is eagerly sought after by the rising young medical men of that city. At the time of his death Dr. Theo- dore Horwitz was but twenty-one years of age. ‘‘ Had he lived,” the present head of American surgery said of him, “he would certainly have made his mark in the medical world, for so much enthusiasm, so much talent, and so much industry could not have failed to have made him a distinguished surgeon.” 647 Wav ORWITZ, Dr. J., a Physician and Scholar of much a VW distinction, was born near Berlin, the capital of bce ~—s«éPrussia, July 6, 1783. He came to this country i in the early part of the present century in order 1 that he might in the New World enjoy that liberty of action and free expression of opinion which were then denied to the subjects of his native land; for he then worshipped liberty with all the ardor of youth, as he sub- sequently, in the vigor of his manhood and the maturity of his intellect, frequently fought her battles both with his pen and voice. In Boston, where he for a time re- sided, he attained great distinction as a fine classical scholar, a profound thinker, and an eloquent lecturer. He was thus brought into association, and in many cases into intimacy, with the leading thinkers and statesmen of the then infant republic, and became, amongst others, the friend and companion of the celebrated Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia, who was distinguished both as a physician and a statesman. Under the guidance of Dr. Rush he be- gan the study of medicine, and was, in one course, gradu- ated M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, at that time the most celebrated seat df medical learning in America, numbering as it did among its professors Rush, Wistar, Physick, Dorsey, Barton, and Coxe, a galaxy of names that has certainly never been surpassed and rarely equalled at one time in the halls of any medical college. Dr. Horwitz settled in Baltimore shortly after receiving his medical degree, where for nearly forty years he continued the practice of his profession with success until the day of his death, June 30, 1852. He was especially distinguished as a linguist, speaking and writing many languages, both ancient and modern, with fluency and accuracy. In the English language he attained great proficiency, speaking it with the ease and correctness of a cultured American, and writing it with the force and elegance of an accom- plished scholar. He published many monographs on medical, scientific, and general subjects, some of which were highly commended for their learning and power of thought as well by the reviews of this country as by those of Europe. Until the day of his death he continued the studious habits of his early life, and was constantly engaged in adding to the vast store of learning and to the scholarship for which he was so distinguished. In 1840 Dr. Horwitz, having been accredited by President Van Buren as special bearer of dispatches to our embassies at Berlin and Vienna, returned to Europe, after an absence of nearly a third of a century. He remained abroad many months, travelling over the greater part of England and the Continent, and noting the great changes that had taken place during his long absence. His familiarity with most of the languages of modern Europe rendered his trip pecu- liarly agreeable and interesting, and enabled him to form his own judgment of many of the most illustrious scholars and savans of the Old World whom he met during his sojourn there, The accounts which he gave of them on 648 his return were most charming and attractive, possessing, as he did, conversational powers of the highest order. In 1817 Dr. Horwitz married Debby Andrews, the daughter of Major John Andrews, of New York. By this marriage he had four children, three of whom continued to reside in the city of Baltimore, and are well-known and promi- nent members of the bar of that city; the fourth, Dr. P. J. Horwitz, is now Medical Director, and was formerly Sur- geon-in-Chief of the United States Navy, and Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 4 WN: ORGAN, Gerarp E., M.D., was born, February TN 6, 1828, at Harrisonburg, Virginia. He was noe the sixth son of the Rev. Gerard Morgan, a ie well-known minister of the Methodist Church, and Rosanna, daughter of General Brown, of Vir- ginia. Dr. Morgan came to Maryland early in life and became identified with the interests of that city. He re- ceived a good education, and studied medicine with the late Dr. Augustus Riggs, of Howard County, and was graduated at the Washington College of Baltimore in 1852. He immediately entered upon the practice of med- icine in Baltimore, and married Miss Caroline Peyton, daughter of the Rev. Y. Peyton. In 1861 and 1862 Dr. Morgan was Assistant Health Commissioner, and in 1863 and 1864 Health Commissioner of Baltimore city. He was also Assistant Surgeon of the Board of Enrolment of the Third District of Maryland. He occupied various positions of honor conferred upon him by the medical and other societies, of which he was an attentive and much- loved member. His genial manners and steadfast friend- ship endeared him to all who knew him, and the poor were especially his friends. He was Surgeon to the Boys’ Home, and one of the originators of the summer excursions.for the poor. He died suddenly December 1, 1874. OAD: ORWITZ, BENJAMIN F., Lawyer, is the youngest son of the late Dr. J. Horwitz, a prominent physician and distinguished scholar, who settled in the city of Baltimore in the early part of the present century. The subject of this sketch was born in Baltimore March 16, 1831, and was educated at St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, and at the College of New Jersey, Princeton. He commenced the study of law in 1849, and was admitted to the bar at Baltimore in 1851. He has ever since continued the practice of his profession at the Maryland bar, and has enjoyed almost from the first to the present moment a large and lucrative practice. He was for many years extensively engaged in the trial of causes, many of great importance, in the courts of Baltimore and in the Court of Appeals of Maryland, but having amassed BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. an independent fortune by his ability, skill, and success in the courts, he has latterly devoted himself more to office practice and counsel than to the labor and anxiety of the trial of causes, although he is yet considerably engaged in the latter. Asaspeaker and debater Mr. Horwitz is clear, logical, and convincing. His language is well chosen, and he is exceedingly fluent. His conversational powers are of a high order, and he is either entertaining or instructive as the occasion may require, but always agreeable and attractive, abounding in anecdote and illus- tration, which his strong memory enables him to have ever at command. Mr. Horwitz has travelled extensively both in Europe and this country, is a fine de//es-dettres scholar, has much literary and artistic culture, and commands a ready and forcible pen, which in leisure moments he has occasionally, either for amusement or from motives of patriotism, devoted to the press. Although a life-long Democrat in politics he has never sought or accepted pub- lic office, having confined himself almost uninterruptedly to the practice of his profession. In 1862 Mr. Horwitz married Louisa E. Gross, the talented and accomplished daughter of the distinguished surgeon, Professor S. D. Gross, of Philadelphia, and by this marriage has two sons and one daughter. VON ORGAN, Wizzvur P., M.D., was born, February | e q @ 25, 1841, in Jefferson County, Virginia, and is Bay of Welsh-English descent, his father, Rev. N. J. ee Brown Morgan, D.D., having descended from the h family of Morgans, long established in Flintshire, Wales. His mother, Mary E. Phelps, was a daughter of Rev. Elisha Phelps, who emigrated with his father and brothers from England and settled in Virginia in the last century, where he married Rachel Payne, daughter of Henry Payne, of Shenandoah Valley, and Elizabeth Kurtz, whose father had been driven from home by one of the German revolutions, and who had settled in Pennsylvania. The Paynes were of English origin and Quaker faith. Josias Payne resided for a time in the Quaker settlements of Pennsylvania, and many of his descendants settled in Virginia and Maryland. Dr. Morgan was educated in the schools of Washington, Baltimore, and Virginia, where he received a good English and classical education. Asa boy he was shy and mischievous, giving most of his spare time to reading and the use of tools, as he had a taste for mechanics, and would go long distances to see and examine machinery. After leaving school he went to a farm in Virginia belonging to his grandmother, the old home of her family, where he remained until 1858, when he entered the office of the Baltimore Christian Advocate, then being established under the auspices of the Baltimore Conference. After remaining there some time he began the study of medicine under Dr. John L. Gibbons, of Washington, D. C. In the fall of 1860 he entered as student at the Maryland BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. University. In the spring of 1861 he was appointed Clinical Assistant to the Baltimore Infirmary or Univer- sity Hospital, where he remained until he was graduated, March 1, 1862, While in the Infirmary Dr. Morgan had under his care several of the soldiers of the Sixth Massa- chusetts Regiment who were wounded April 19, 1861, one of whom, S. H. Needham, was one of the first victims of the civil war. Dr. Morgan, though Southern by birth, edu- cation, and sympathies, could not accept disunion, and therefore entered the Federal Army in 1862, where he re- mained as Assistant Army Surgeon, U.S. A.,and Surgeon Ninth Maryland Regiment until the end of the war. He then made several trips to Europe in the Baltimore and Ohio steamers, and finally settled down to practice his profession in the city of Baltimore in 1867. During the first few years of his practice he was quite a voluminous contributor to the daily and weekly press, continuing a habit which he had indulged in for years as an occasional and war correspond- ent of various papers. A series of his articles on educa- tion in the Maryland School Fournal was thus noticed in the Baltimore Suz. “On education, by Dr. Wilbur P. Morgan, of our city, an eminent physician, is precisely to the point; presenting a common-sense view of the subject. | Whilst not condemning a classical course of studies, it presents with much force the superior importance of a good thorough English education upon the intuitive system, which will prove especially useful to nine out of ten who enter upon the world of business life to carve out their own fortunes and triumphs,” etc. Becoming deeply inter- ested in the theory of evolution as early as 1860, Dr. Mor- gan determined to verify it to his own satisfaction, which he did by a series of experiments upon pigeons, extending over a number of years. The ‘esults were published in the papers of the day for the benefit of breeders. Many of the articles were republished in England in the London Review and London Fournal of Horticulture of January 25, 1875, which thus speaks of the value of the articles: “TI only wish we possessed an M.D. or M.R.C.S. who, being a fancier, had the happy literary gifts of Dr. Morgan. Interesting writers as poultry or pigeon writers are doubly valuable, as their articles attract the attention of non-fan- ciers, who being attracted become not unfrequently ardent fanciers; such a writer is Dr. Morgan.” The Maryland Republican, December 5, 1874, in an editorial, thus refers to the subject: “Color, form, size, and even its hereditary conditions of nervous system can be changed, Brown- Sequard, the eminent scientist, having by direct experiment upon guinea-pigs produced a strain in which epilepsy has become hereditary. Dr. Wilbur P. Morgan has also been engaged for some years experimenting on pigeons, the re- sults of some of his experiments having appeared from time to time in the Bulletin, Fanciers’ Fournal, and other papers, being of a highly interesting nature to the pigeon fanciers and natural philosophers.” Of late years, with the exception of a few articles for medical journals, Dr. Mor- 649 gan has written but little, a rapidly increasing practice demanding most of his time. February 26, 1876, he was married to Miss Lalage Dickson, of Philadelphia, daugh- ter of the late Professor S. H. Dickson, M.D , of Jefferson College, formerly of the Universities of New York and South Carolina. c WN: ORGAN, Rev. GERARD, was born June 8, 1784, oD A and died March 17, 1846, in the sixty-second nae year of his age. He was a native of Baltimore ae County, Maryland, and of Welsh descent, his an- cestors having been established in Wales for many centuries, His father, Nicholas Morgan, married a Welsh lady, Mary Butler, daughter of Absalom Butler, and set- tled in Maryland, where they brought up a large family of children. Gerard in early life attached himself to the Methodist Episcopal Church, and “ was active and useful in his neighborhood as a youth of much promise. In the spring of 1806 he was admitted on trial in the Baltimore Conference, and appointed to Berkeley Circuit, Virginia, and thenceforth till death was an honored minister of that denomination.”’ ‘He was a man of great purity of man- ner and of life; through forty years of effective ministerial labor the slightest imputation of evil never rested upon his name. His intellect was clear and penetrating, his judgment sound and well balanced, because ever under the control of a strong vein of common sense. He was, therefore, seldom found in error; while constancy and firmness of mind, which were the principal elements of his character, preserved him from those vacillations and incon- sistencies which often render the power of even genius useless and its possessor contemptible.” “In common with other preachers of his class his earlier labors were labors of great toil and privation, travelling extensively, as they frequently had to do, through the then sparsely populated portions of Northwestern and Western Pennsylvania and Northern, Western, and Middle Virginia.” In 1810 he married Miss Rosanna Brown, daughter of General Brown, of Bath County, Virginia. They had seven sons, N. J. Brown, Lyttleton F., Tillotson A., J. Asbury, Romulus G., Gerard E., and D. Clinton, and one daughter, Mrs. Har- riet A. Riggs. WV.ORRIS, WiiuiaM H., M.D., was born near Liberty, aN Frederick County, Maryland, March 29, 1829. q His parents’ names were Nelson and Elizabeth ie Maria Norris ; his mother’s maiden name was Hart- sock. He is a lineal descendant of Sir Robert Bruce. His great-grandfather, John Hammond Norris, came to America from Scotland in the early part of the: eighteenth century, and settled in St. Mary’s County, Mary- land. He was accompanied by three brothers, one of whom settled near Norristown, Pennsylvania, another in Virginia, 650 and the third in one of the New England States. John Norris, the grandfather of the doctor, located on a farm near Middleburg, Carroll County, Maryland. His son, Nelson, father of Dr. William H., was brought up on the farm. He had three brothers and four sisters, only two of whom are now living. Dr. Norris’s mother was of Ger- man descent, her grandfather, Daniel Hartsock, having emigrated from Germany in 1765. He settled in Frederick County, Maryland. He was a farmer, and died in 1824, leaving a large family of sons and daughters. The doc- tor’s parents had six children, two of whom are deceased. His school education began in a country school near Mid- dleburg, Maryland, which he attended six months of the year, including the winter season, and worked on the farm the other six months. In 1842 his father sold his farm in Maryland and removed to Winchester, Preble County, Ohio. They made the journey across the mountains to the place of their destination in wagons, requiring thirty-one days to complete it. While in Ohio Dr. Norris entered Oxford College, and remained there two years. In 1845 his father becoming dissatisfied with the West returned to Frederick County, Maryland, William H. accompanying him. His father becoming somewhat reduced in circumstances moved to Baltimore the following year. William remained in Frederick County and taught a private school near Union- ville. He subsequently taught in Harford, Baltimore, and Kent counties until 1851. While teaching near Chester- town, in the latter county, he made the acquaintance of Dr. Thomas Wayland, who generously tendered him the use of his medical library, of which he availed himself un- til the fall of 1852. He then went to Baltimore and entered the office of Professor Nathan R. Smith. He also attended two courses of lectures at the Medical University of Mary- land, of which Dr. Smith was Professor of Surgery. He graduated in the spring of 1854, receiving the degree of M.D. from the Provost, Hon. John T. Kennedy. He lo- cated in Baltimore, and pursued the practice of his profes- sion until 1861. Soon after his graduation he was appointed by Mayor Holland, Health Warden, and attached to the Board of Health, which position he filled until 1862. In September, 1861, he was commissioned by Governor Brad- ford a Surgeon in the United States Army, remaining in Baltimore for the examination of recruits until March, 1862, when he was ordered to Newport News, Virginia. At that place he rendered valuable service in caring for the sick and wounded at the sinking of the frigates Cumber- land and Congress in Hampton Roads by the Confederate ram Merrimac. He was with General Mansfield at the evacuation of Norfolk; and in the summer of 1862 had charge of the hospitals at Hampton for the sick and wounded of General McClellan’s army operating against Richmond. He was on the staff of Brigadier-General Max Webber at the battles of South Mountain and Antie- tam, and in 1863 upon the staff of Generals Kelly and Morris, rendering his professional services from Martins- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. burg, Virginia, to Point of Rocks, Maryland. He was at the capture of Milroy, at Winchester, and upon the staff of General Noah L. Jeffries in Baltimore from July to October of that year, In the spring of 1864 he was Chief Medical Officer at Fort Delaware, where there were about fourteen thousand Confederate prisoners. In the summer of the same year he was in front of Parkersburg, Virginia, and for five months rendered valuable services in the trenches during the siege. In 1865 he was Assistant Sur- geon at McKein’s Mansion Hospital, in Baltimore; in 1866 Examiner of Pensioners for Baltimore, and was also ap- pointed by Governor Swann Chairman of the Board of Registers of Voters for the city of Baltimore. In 1872 he received an appointment in the Baltimore Custom-house. In 1854 Dr. Norris married Miss Mary Louisa Cooper, of Chestertown, Maryland. By that marriage he had two children: Clinton Cooper, now living in Baltimore, and Mary Louisa, who died in infancy. Their mother died in 1856. In 1862 he married Miss Mary Ellen Sutee, eldest daughter of James S. Sutee, Esq., a prominent citizen of Baltimore for the last half century. That gentleman has been a member of the City Council for eight years, and for some time during Mayor Jerome’s administration acted as Mayor. He was Water Engineer for the city of Baltimore from 1855 to 1866: All the water-works in and around the city were projected and built under his superintendence. Mr. Sutee was an active official member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years. Through his instru- mentality Exeter, Monument, and Harford Avenue Metho- dist Episcopal churches were built. By his marriage with Miss Sutee the doctor has three children: William Sutee, Ellen Morris, and Milton Dosh, all living in Baltimore. From his youth Dr. Norris has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for several years was actively engaged in Sunday-school work. Politically he was originally a Democrat. His first vote was cast for Franklin Pierce, for President. In 1861 he supported the Union cause, and from that time has adhered to the Repub- lican party. @@OLDSBOROUGH, Hon. Brice Joun, of the Court G of Appeals of the State of Maryland, was born in Cambridge May 30, 1803. His father, Dr. Rich- he ard Goldsborough, was a well-known and highly re- p spected citizen of Dorchester County. He married Miss Achsah Worthington, of Anne Arundel County. The first American ancestor of the family was the Hon. Robert Goldsborough, of a distinguished family in England. He came to this country in the year 1670, and here acquired as a lawyer a state and national reputation. In the war of 1812, though only nine years of age, young Goldsbor- ough was enlisted as a drummer in a company of infantry raised in Cambridge by Colonel Bryan, and served till the close of hostilities. On the completion of his preparatory , BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. studies he entered St. John’s College, Annapolis, from which he graduated, and commenced the study of the law in the office of Colonel Smith, of Winchester, Virginia. After the usual course he was admitted to the bar of Cam- bridge, and before he had reached the age of twenty-one he was nominated and elected over eighteen competitors to the General Assembly of his native State; a special act of the Legislature being necessary to permit him to take his seat, on account of his youth, He afterwards resumed the practice of his profession with increasing success till in 1835, on the death of Hon. William Bond Martin, he was appointed by Governor Veasey, with the consent of his Council, Judge of the Dorchester County Court, in which office he served until by the Constitution of 1851 the judges were made elective. He then associated with him in his law office Mr. Daniel M. Henry, now a member of Con- gress from the First District of Maryland, and who served as State’s Attorney from 1851 to 1855. The associates of Judge Goldsborough on the bench were the Hon. Asa Spence, Chief Judge, and the Hon. William Tingle, both of Worcester County. In 1860 Governor Hicks appointed him one of the judges of the Court of Appeals, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Hon. John Bowers Eccleston, of Kent County. In this position he continued the remainder of his life, his demise occurring July 3, 1867. As a citizen, and in all the domestic and social relations, Judge Goldsborough was regarded as a model. He was a man of large business experience, of courteous manners, and generous and liberal disposition. He had a great fondness for children. From early life he was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and served as vestry- man of Christ’s Church, Cambridge, for many years. He was married in May, 1830, to Miss Leah, daughter of James Goldsborough, of Talbot County, and left two sons, James Richard Goldsborough, pharmacist, of Louisville, Ken- tucky, and M. Worthington Goldsborough, Paymaster in the United States Navy. ; TEVENS, Hon. Francis PUTNAM, Attorney and D Counsellor at law, Baltimore, Maryland, was born at Ashburnham, Worcester County, Massachusetts. t He was the third son of Samuel S. and Martha Ste- vens, and is descended from one of the oldest fami- lies in the United States, his ancestors having come from England in the ship Anne, the second vessel after the May Flower. They settled near Salem, and subsequently moved to the interior of the old Bay State, near Chelmsford, where in 1676 was born Richard Stevens, from whom the subject of this sketch is descended. During the Revolu- tionary war the members of the family bore an honorable part on the side of the Colonies, one of whom, Samuel Stevens, a ‘“‘ Minute Man,” was in the engagement at Con- cord Bridge, and an ensign in the Continental Army. Samuel S. Stevens was the son of Betsey Putnam, of 651 Fitchburg, Massachusetts, who was descended from the same stock as General Israel Putnam. He removed to Baltimore with his family in 1844. His children were Samuel Augustus, Charles Porter, and Francis Putnam. Mr. Stevens’s father was a merchant and manufacturer up to the time of his death, December 1, 1874. His mother was Martha Osgood, daughter of Jacob Osgood, of West- ford, Massachusetts. She is still living in Baltimore. Mr. Stevens was educated in the academies of Baltimore. In 1857 and ’58 he was engaged in the mercantile agency business upon his own account, which he conducted suc- cessfully. In January, 1859, he began the study of law under Milton Whitney and John L. Thomas, Jr., Esqs., and remained with them until September, 1860, when he entered the Law School of Harvard University, graduat- ing with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In 1862, re- turning to Baltimore, he continued his studies in the office of Reverdy Johnson, Jr., and November 2, 1863, on his motion in the Superior Court, was admitted to the bar, and has continued the practice of law ever since. At the outbreak of the civil war, while a student at the Har- vard University, he was » decided opponent of secession, and firm in his attachment to the Union. During the last term of 1861 he was the only student remaining in the Law School from a Southern State, all the rest having re- turned home, many of whom joined the Confederate service. September 27, 1864, he married Miss Alexina Bauldin, youngest daughter of Alexander J. and Arriana Bauldin, of Baltimore. Her father was a civil engineer and surveyor, and had been appointed by the governors of the State the surveyor of Baltimore city and county for upwards of twenty-one successive years; was a soldier of the war of 1812, and the youngest man in General Scott’s command then in Canada. His father, Jehu Bauldin, was also a surveyor. Her mother was Arriana Sollers, daughter of Basil Sollers. The family have been residents of Mary- land for over two hundred years. His children are : Fran- cis Alexander, born August 14, 1865; Morris Putnam, born June 14, 1867; Jessie, born November 24, 1869; and Mabel, born March 14, 1873; also one deceased, Nellie (twin), born November 24, 1869. In the fall of 1866 Mr. Stevens first entered into political life, espousing the cause of the Conservative Union party, which was after- wards called the Democratic Conservative party. Novem- ber 6, 1866, he was elected from Baltimore city to the House of Delegates of the General Assembly of Mary- land, and took an active part in the passage of the Con- stitutional Convention Bill and all other measures which were in the interest of the Conservative party, as well as the general legislation. Voted against the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Served upon the Judiciary Committee, of which the late Judge Richard B. Carmichael was Chair- man, and the Hons, Philip F. Thomas (Ex-Governor of Maryland), Isaac D, Jones (Ex-Attorney-General of Mary- 652 land), Judge Edward Hammond, A. Leo Knott (State’s Attorney of Baltimore city), and Alexander Evans were members. He also served upon the Committee on Claims. Voted for Governor Swann for United States Senator, who declined, and afterwards voted for Hon. Philip F. Thomas for the same position. November 4, 1873, he was elected upon the Democratic Conservative ticket State Senator from the Second Legislative District of Baltimore city, for the term of four years, to the General Assembly of Mary- land. During the session of 1874, he served upon the Judiciary Committee, Hon. Judge William H. Tuck, Chair- man; also upon the Committee on Education, Corpora- tions, and Elections, and as Chairman upon the Committee on Labor and Immigration; took an active part in favor of the bill to extend the limits of Baltimore city; also filed a very extended minority report from the Judiciary Committee on the bill for the benefit of the City Passenger Railway Company of Baltimore, and a minority report from the same committee upon the bill to amend the Constitution of the State, making the Governor or any other officer in- eligible to the office of United States Senator, which are among the documents of the Senate of 1874. He voted for Hon. William Pinkney Whyte for United States Sena- tor, who was then Governor of the State, and resigned to accept the position of Senator; and voted for Hon. James B. Groome for Governor, who was elected by the General Assembly, He took especial interest in all matters affect- ing the city of Baltimore, and being an earnest and fluent speaker was prominent in all the debates upon important questions. Though the youngest member of the Senate he was regarded as one of the most valuable and in- dustrious. The Baltimore Gazette (Democratic) of April 4, 1874, editorially commenting upon his course, said : “The work accomplished by the Hon. Francis P. Stevens, Senator from the Second Legislative District of Baltimore during the present session of the Legislature, entitles him to the thanks and confidence of his constituents.” He was prominently mentioned for President of the Senate of 1876, but declined to be a candidate. During that session was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee; served upon the Committee on Federal Relations and Printing; also was the Chairman of the Joint Committee of both Houses upon the “Centennial.” He was one of the most able and industrious members of the Senate. He introduced and supported the bill making an appropriation for the proper commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, and it was his earnest efforts which secured the appropriation to erect the Maryland Building in the grounds of the Centennial Exposition, He was fully identified with all matters of public interest, and had in charge all matters of special interest to the city of Baltimore. He was a member of the Congress of Authors which met at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, July 1, 1876, and contributed a sketch for deposit of Hon, John Henry, Jr., Governor of Maryland, member of the Con- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tinental Congress, and first United States Senator from the Eastern Shore of Maryland. At the adjournment of the meeting of the Congress of Authors, they proceeded to the great celebration of the day held in commemoration of the passage of Richard Henry Lee’s resolution of July 2,1776, “ That these United Colonies ‘are, and of a right ought to be, free and independent States,” etc. Very ex- tensive platforms had been erected in the square in the rear of Independence Hall, and a vast concourse of people had assembled, filling the entire inclosure. Addresses were delivered by Hon, William S. Stokley, Mayor of Philadel- phia; Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, of Massachusetts; Gov- ernor Lippitt, of Rhode Island; Hon. Frederick De Pey- ster, of New York; when Mr. Stevens was unexpectedly called upon by the Chairman, Hon. William Wallace, to address the multitude in the absence of the Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar, of Mississippi, who had been unavoidably pre- vented from being present. He promptly responded, and delivered one of the most eloquent and appropriate ad- dresses of the day. He was followed by Hon. Benjamin Harris Brewster. The occasion was a notable one, and was the introduction of the National Centennial Com- memoration. During the years 1876-77 Mr. Stevens was a Manager on the part of the city of Baltimore in the House of Refuge, appointed by Mayor Latrobe, serving upon the Executive Committee. October 24, 1877, he was elected upon the Democratic Conservative ticket to the Second Branch of the City Council of Baltimore for two years, representing the Eleventh and Twelfth wards. Was Chairman of the Committee on Claims, Education, and Parks; also served upon the committees on Health, House of Refuge, Enrolment, and Printing. Was reappointed by Mayor Latrobe in 1878 Manager of the House of Refuge, but was ineligible on account of being a member of the City Council. He has beena member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1860. Is also a member of Fi- delity Lodge Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; also of Phoenix Chapter Royal Arch Masons, and Baltimore Com- mandery Knights Templar. HIYTE, Hon. WILLIAM PINKNEY, United States Senator, was born in Baltimore, August 9, 1824. His father was Joseph Whyte, and his grand- father was Dr. John Campbell Whyte, a na- tive of Ireland, who settled in Baltimore in the early part of the nineteenth century, where he enjoyed great eminence as a physician. His grandfathér on the maternal side was the distinguished orator and statesman, William Pinkney. The subject of this sketch received his education through private instruction and at the Balti- more College. After serving eighteen months as clerk in the banking house of George Peabody he entered the Law School of Harvard, and was admitted to the Baltimore MY Pek BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. He served in the Legislature of Maryland in the session of 1847-8. In 1848 he was Judge Advo- cate of a court-martial at the Naval Academy. In 1851 he was a Democratic candidate for Congress in a Whig district, but was defeated. Hewas elected Comptroller of the State of Maryland in 1853. In 1857 he was the Demo- cratic nominee for Congress against the Know-Noth- ings, but was defeated in the House of Representatives by a small majority. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. On the appointment of Reverdy Johnson as Minister to Great Britain, he was appointed to the United States Senate by the Governor of Maryland to fill the vacancy thus occasioned. He served in the Senate from July 14, 1868, until March 4, 1869. In November, 1871, he was elected Governor of Maryland, and resigned the office to enable the Legislature to elect his successor on his having been elected to the United States Senate: He took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1875, his term of service being six years. Mr. Whyte ranks among the most distinguished members of the bar, and has attained great eminence as a political orator and statesman. In 1847 he was married to the youngest daughter of Levi Hollingsworth, an eminent merchant of Baltimore, and at one time a member of the Senate of Maryland. bar in 1846. 0, & URPHY, Joun, Printer, Publisher, and Book- ] B q e seller, was born in Omagh, County Tyrone, Ire- * land, March 12,1812. His parents. came to ee America when he was ten years old, and settled in New Castle, Delaware, the latter remaining “there about four years, attending during a portion of that period the New Castle Academy. After leaving school he entered a store in New Castle County. During the two years of his engagement therein he exhibited such industry, intelligence, and fidelity in the performance of his duties that, at the expiration of the above time, they desired him to remain with them, but as he had determined, even before leaving his native land, to learn the art of printing, their efforts to induce him to continue in their service were un- availing, and at. the age of sixteen years he went to Philadelphia and entered as an apprentice the printing business. On attaining his majority he removed to Balti- more, where he worked as a journeyman printer until 1835, when he assumed the superintendence of a job printing establishment, acquiring for it a reputation for the superior excellence of its productions, unsurpassed by any similar concern in the city. In 1837 Mr. Murphy formed a co- partnership with Mr. William Spalding under the style of Murphy & Spalding. They carried on a successful printing business for about eighteen months, when the firm was dissolved, and the business continued by Mr. Murphy on his individual account. In 1840 he combined with it the book and stationery and subsequently the pub- 83 653 lishing business, all of which he is now conducting suc- cessfully. He has prosecuted his business forty-two years within a few yards of the locality he now occupies. The special publications of Mr. Murphy are standard Catholic books, embracing many of the leading and most valuable Catholic works published in America. In 1842 he com- menced the publication of the United States Catholic Magazine, a periodical of great merit, edited by Rev. C. J. White, D.D., and Rev. M. J. Spalding, D.D., subse- quently Archbishop of Baltimore, which he continued to publish for seven years. About 1849 he published in five large octavo volumes the writings of Dr. England, Bishop of Charleston, South Carolina, a publication which was then regarded as a great undertaking, From 1853 to 1859 he published the Metropolitan Magazine, and in the early part of that period a “ Translation of the Definition of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception,” for which he re- ceived a gold medal directly from his Holiness the Pope. In 1860 he issued in two large volumes the “* Maryland Code,” which was pronounced by competent judges to be the best specimen of a law book ever published in Maryland. He subsequently published several supplements to that work, as also the ‘“‘ New Constitution of Maryland.” In 1866 he printed and published the “ Proceedings of the Plenary Council of Baltimore.” This work was executed in supe- rior style. A copy was sent to Pope Pius IX. Its per- fection of typography and binding elicited from his Holiness a letter with his blessing, and the conferment upon Mr. Murphy of the honorary title of ‘ Printer to the Pope,” a mark of distinction which (within our knowl- edge) has hever before been conferred upon the resident of any English-speaking country. ‘ Tyler’s Life of Chief Justice Taney,” and “ Mason’s Life of General Robert E, Lee,” were issued by Mr. Murphy in 1872. In 1873 he published a new and complete rubricated edition of “ Ritual Romanum,” which was ordered by the Tenth Pro-~ vincial Council of Baltimore. “St. Vincent’s Manual,’ esteemed at the time of its publication as the most com- plete and popular Catholic prayer-book in the United States, also issued from Mr. Murphy’s press. He has pub- lished all the proceedings of the different Catholic councils which have been held in Baltimore since 1842. For many years he has been printer to the Maryland Historical Society, and his publications of its Transactions have been universally admired for their excellence in every respect, The Society’s Centennial] Memorial, printed by Mr. Mur- phy, is a masterpiece of typographical and mechanical execution. The school-books published by him are in use throughout the country. These include “ Fredet’s Ancient and Modern History,” “ First Class-book of His- tory,” “ Lingard’s England,” etc. The distinguishing features of his publications in the various departments of theology, science, law, and history, are their superior style and elegance in typography, binding, and general finish, For his Catholic publications he has been the re- 654 cipient of several autograph letters from the Holy See. He has accomplished much in elevating the standard of law publications, and, in fact, may be regarded as among the first to raise the art of printing and publishing to its present high standard of excellence. One of the most valuable, instructive, and popular Catholic books issued from an American publishing house is that entitled “ The Faith of our Fathers,” of which Archbishop James Gib- bons is the author. This work was published by Mr. Murphy in 1877, and such is the demand for it that up- wards of fifty thousand copies have been sold. June 17, 1852, Mr. Murphy married Miss Margaret E. O’ Donnoghue, daughter of Timothy O’Donnoghue, of Georgetown, Dis- trict of Columbia. His wife died in 1869, since which he has remained a widower. In manners Mr. Murphy is affable and unostentatious. He is enterprising, upright, and conscientious; a useful citizen, a kind employer, an indulgent parent, and a Christian gentleman. was received at Hampden Sidney, William and Mary’s colleges, and at the University of Virginia. On leaving the University he entered the law school of ‘Judge Tucker at Winchester, and upon passing the bar settled at Charlottesville, Virginia, for the practice of his profession. Here he also edited a Democratic paper. In 1835 he relinquished the law and removed to Baltimore County, Maryland, where he settled upon a fine farm some fifteen miles from the city, and devoted himself to agricul- tural pursuits. Thoroughly versed in the politics of his own country and richly furnished with the precedents of ancient and modern history, a clear and ready writer, a forci- ble and fearless expounder of his principles, Mr. Cary was an invaluable member of the Democratic party, and from his first settlement in the county he inspired its people with the strongest confidence in his political integrity, while at the samé time he elicited their just admiration for talents of the highest order. Singularly modest, however, in his estimate of his own powers and backward in enforcing his personal claims, his generosity in supporting the aspirations of more ambitious friends was unbounded, and the frequent demands which they made upon his time and talents never failed of a hearty and able response. In 1846 he was elected to the Maryland Senate, in which he served until 1852. The journals of the Senate show the commanding position he at once acquired in that body, though the Whig party was then in the ascendency. Of the estimation in which he was held by his colleagues, the testimony of one of the most distinguished, the Hon. Samuel Hambleton, of Talbot County, will suffice. He writes: “I knew that most estimable and cultivated gentleman, Colonel Cary, intimately and well. He entered the Maryland Senate a AR Y, COLONEL WILSON-MILES, was born in Williams- fg burg, Virginia, September 2, 1806. His education = BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. little later than I did. Though he came in on an inde- pendent movement of that day against the long dominant rule of certain individuals in the Democratic party of Baltimore County, he was sustained by all the leading men of his party in the movement. From his entrance into the Senate, however, he almost universally acted with the Democratic party; but his course was firm, gentlemanly, and decided on all questions. His genial and affable manners, his scholarly and belles-lettres attainments, at once endeared him to all the leading men of both parties, who highly appreciated his many noble qualities of head and heart. Indeed all his friends were so warmly attached to him that he possessed great influence with his fellow- members of the Senate for any movement he wished or desired. That noble preux-chevalier, the late William B. Clarke, of Washington County, was his firm friend and admirer, and their generous souls flowed and commingled in a pure and refined common stream. My own intercourse with him was of the most pleasant character always, and our intimacy continued unbroken during our Senatorial terms and up to the hour of his death. Colonel Cary was well informed on all questions of the past and of the day, and I delighted to talk with him on literary and classic subjects, with which he was thoroughly conversant and always entertaining. Asa speaker his style of elocution was graceful and flowing. He expressed himself with conspicuous ease and precision, and with singular mod- esty.”” Colonel Cary subsequently filled several political offices, but with all his unquestioned ability and the natural desire for its recognition his soul spurned the arts of the mere politician, and he disdained to manipulate the ma- chinery that manufactures the modern great man. Mean- while he had removed to the city of Baltimore, where shortly previous to the late war he joined his wife and daughter in the conduct of a large and fashionable school for young ladies. This was the outgrowth of a private school established in his own household in the county, and since its removal to the city has been long and widely known as the “ Southern Home School.” Always a con- sistent advocate of State’s rights, during the late war Col- onel Cary sympathized warmly with the South, and was fearless in his denunciation of Federal usurpation and mis- rule. His family was consequently under constant espion- age, and suffered no little indignity at the hands of the petty military civilians who tyrannized Baltimore at that time. In all the emergencies of his career, personal and political, Colonel Cary never failed to exhibit a conspicuous coolness and intrepidity of character. In matters of principle he was unhesitating and uncompromising, and did the occasion demand, he shrank not from expressing his views, both as to men and measures, with all the fearlessness and _ bitter sternness of an ancient Roman. For all the shams of life he always felt the strongest contempt, and as he advanced in years this feeling grew steadily stronger, calling forth it may be more frequently the powers of a withering sar- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. casm, which he possessed in an eminent degree. But while the mantle of proud reserve, which in the decline of life he folded more closely about him, may have hid from the careless world the rich warm nature that was so re- splendent in his prime, in his soul he was ever gentle and true. Gradually withdrawing altogether from public life he devoted his latter years to the calmer pursuits of literature and philosophy, for which his varied attainments and the inherited proclivities of a cultured ancestry predisposed and eminently fitted him. Colonel Cary was a man of elegant and commanding presence. He died at his residence in Balti- more January 9, 1877, leaving a widow, three sons, and three daughters. MUN ONTGOMERY, James, M.D., Physician and oD q Surgeon, was born in Harford County, Mary- land, March 8, 1788. His grandfather, Thomas et Montgomery, was a Councilman in Ireland. $ Coming to America he practiced his profession in the capital of the Maryland Colony, and obtained exten- sive grants of land, which laid the foundation of the wealth and prestige which the family have since enjoyed. Mayor Montgomery, of Baltimore, was one of his de- scendants, The father of Dr. Montgomery, also named Thomas, was an extensive landowner in Harford County, of which he was a native. He was a gentleman of marked physique and character. A lawyer by profession he was also an extensive owner of slaves, and a planter, and served as an officer in the Revolutionary war. He married Eliza- beth Vogan, daughter of a family of wealth and position in London, England, where she was born and educated. She came to America in her young womanhood. Dr. Montgomery studied medicine under Dr. Hugh White- ford, an old practitioner in Harford County, and who had been a student of the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia. He afterwards graduated with distinction at the University of Maryland. When the British threat- ened Baltimore city Dr. Montgomery joined the troop of cavalry which was raised in Baltimore and Harford counties under the general command of Colonel Streett, and served as surgeon in Captain Macatee’s company. The late Dr. Thomas E. Bond had been appointed surgeon and Dr. Montgomery assistant surgeon, but the former on account of indisposition, being compelled to return to Harford, the entire duties of surgeon devolved upon young Dr. Montgomery, then about nineteen years of age, who discharged them with a skill, wisdom, and fortitude that gave promise of the fame he afterwards acquired as a phy- sician. At the time of the bombardment of Fort McHenry he was stationed at Patterson’s Hill, and was also a witness of the fight at the Seven Gun Battery. After the war Dr. Montgomery practiced his profession in Harford County for about thirty years, and spent eight or ten years as a plarifer in the same county. He then gave up his 655 practice to Dr. Frank Butler, now of Westminster, Maryland, and removed to Baltimore, where he resumed the practice of medicine. From the year 1824 to 1830 he represented Harford County in the House of Delegates, and from 1831 to 1837 in the State Senate. He was an earnest advocate of the great railroad improvements which were projected during the years of his membership, and especially favored the granting of the charter to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, being at the time it was granted a member of the Committee of Internal Improve- ments. After his removal to Baltimore he refused all po- litical honors and devoted himself exclusively to his pro- fession. He was one of the trustees of the Washington University of that city, which he helped to organize and of which he was Vice-President. When a member of the Legislature he was active in securing for the State the Maryland Hospital, which had been a private institution. Dr. Montgomery was a Mason, and assisted in the initiation of Lafayette into the Masonic ranks on the oc- casion of his second visit to America. He was united in marriage April 7, 1831, with Caroline A.., daughter of Col- onel William Kennedy, then of Harford County. Prior to the war of 1812 Colonel Kennedy was the great flour mer- chant of Baltimore, but at the time of the embargo on the city he lost heavily, and afterwards retired to Harford County. Dr. Montgomery was a firm friend of the poor, whom he always attended without making any charge for ~his services. He died April 11, 1878, leaving a son and two daughters. His son is practicing medicine in York County, Pennsylvania. ren: o land. He is the son of Charles Worthington and 1 Eleanor Murdock (Tyler) Johnson, and-the grandson of Colonel Bates Johnson of the Revolutionary Army, a brother of Governor Thomas Johnson. He gradu- ated at Princeton College in the class of 1849, and then entered upon the study of law with William J. Ross in Frederick. He finished his legal course at Dane Hall, and was admitted to the bar in 1851. In the same year he was elected State’s Attorney for Frederick County. In 1859 he was the Democratic candidate for Comptroller of the State. In 1860 he was a member of the National Democratic Convention which assembled in Charleston and Baltimore, and supported the regular nominee, John C. Breckenridge. In 1860-61 he was Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee of Maryland. May 8, 1861, he left Frederick in command of sixty men, the first organized volunteer company that went South, and marched armed to Point of Rocks, Virginia. He was mustered into the army of the Confederate States May 21, 1861, as Captain of Company A, First Maryland Regiment. i OHNSON, GENERAL BRADLEY Ty Ler, Lawyer, was 2 born, September 29, 1829, in Frederick City, Mary- June 17, same year, he was commissioned Major, and July 656 21 ensuing was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the same regiment. During the first Maryland campaign he com- manded the Second Brigade. June 22, 1863, he was appointed Colonel of the Maryland Line, of which, Feb- ruary 4, 1864, he was unanimously elected commander. June 28, 1864, he was commissioned Brigadier-General of cavalry in recognition of his services in preventing, with a battalion of sixty men, the advance of Kilpatrick and Dahlgren on Richmond. From the beginning to the end of the war he was in active service, and participated in all the great battles fought in Virginia, Maryland, and Penn- sylvania. After the war General Johnson remained in Virginia, and settled in 1866 in Richmond, where he com- menced the practice of law, devoting himself especially to the laws relating to corporations. In May, 1868, Chief Jus- tice Salmon P. Chase attended a session of the United States Circuit Court in Richmond, and began to elucidate princi- ples of law to be applied to the late Confederate States. With the approbation and aid of the Chief Justice General John- son reported these decisions, and published them in 1876. In 1872 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention which met in Baltimore and nominated Horace Greeley for the Presidency. In 1875 he was elected a member of the Virginia Senate. In the session of 1876- 77 he originated the present admirable system for govern- ing and regulating railroads in the State of Virginia, and in 1877-78 was the author of the report of the Finance Committee, which was considered an able and exhaustive treatment of the whole subject of public credit. In arti- cles printed in the daily papers, in pamphlets and public addresses, he has been constant and zealous in enforcing upon his constituents the duty and necessity of paying the State debt, and preserving unsullied the public faith and credit of Virginia. He is the author of the article in the American Law Review of July, 1878, suggesting a mode by which States may be compelled to pay their debts. He married, June 25, 1851, Jane Claudia, daughter of Hon. Romulus M. and Anna Hayes (Johnson) Saunders, of North Carolina, and granddaughter of Hon. William John- son, of South Carolina, late Associate Justice of the Su- preme Court. He has one son, Bradley Saunders Johnson, PECK, Rev. J. O., D.D., was born in Groton, Ver- Save, mont, September 9, 1836. His father was astock- farmer, and for several years connected with farm- $i ing the business of ablacksmith. In his earlier years 4 the subject of this sketch rendered occasional service in the shop and on the farm. Although his religious training had been after the strictest methods of New England Congregationalism, he felt himself irresistably _drawn to Methodism, both in its doctrines and polity. After attending the district school and Newburg Academy, a Methodist institution in Vermont, he went in his twenty- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. third year to Amherst College, a Congregational seat of learning. The following year he was admitted as a pro- bationer in the New England Conference, in order that he might receive an appointment, and by means of his salary meet the expenses of his college course. In the spring of 1862 he was appointed to the pastoral charge of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church in Chelsea, near Boston. There he remained three years. In June of that year he married Miss Susan R. Robinson, daughter of a leading merchant of Amherst. His successive appointments were Lowell, Worcester, and Springfield, Massachusetts; Chicago, IIli- nois; and Mount Vernon, Baltimore. In each of these places he completed, not only acceptably, but with an un- usual measure of success, the disciplinary limit of three years. He is at present stationed in Brooklyn, New York. He is an eloquent preacher and a popular lecturer. more, Maryland, July 13, 1833. The family of which he is a descendant,is from Wales, and its De, authentic history is said to commence in the sixth p century. Dr. Thomas’s parents were Dr. Richard Henry and Martha (Carey) Thomas. The former was a prominent physician of Baltimore, a Professor in the Med- ical School of the University of Maryland, and an eminent minister of the Society of Friends, in which capacity he travelled extensively in Europe and America. The latter was a daughter of James Carey, President of the Bank of Maryland and a distinguished merchant of Baltimore. The subject of this sketch is in the seventh generation of the family since its first settlement in this country. His primary education was received at the Topping Academy. He graduated at Haverford College, near Philadelphia, when nineteen years of age, receiving at his graduation the de- gree of Bachelor of Arts; he subsequently received from the same institution the degree of Master of Arts. At the age of twenty-one he graduated at the University of Medi- cine of Baltimore, Maryland, and began at once the prac- tice of his profession. Owing to his fathers illness he entered immediately upon a large practice, first at the old mansion, corner of Sharp and Lombard streets, known as an old Quaker landmark for many years, where his father and maternal grandfather resided before him. The site is now occupied by an extensive iron-front business house. Dr. Thomas is one of the prominent physicians of Balti- more, and has a large practice. In 1877 he was President of the Clinical Society, and has been twice elected Vice- ‘President of the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. He is one of the trustees of the Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, and for several years has been Vice-Presi- dent of the Manual Labor School. He is President of the Young Men’s Christian Association, in which he takes great interest, having aided in the organization of the Boys’ i eee 2 James Carey, M.D., was born in Balti- & BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, Home, together with giving close attention to other import- ant interests of the Association. Was one of the founders and for many years has been a Director in the Children’s Aid Society ; also of the Maryland Industrial School for Girls; and is a minister of the Society of Friends. Has been connected more or less with most of the philanthropic enterprises of the city. Dr. Thomas married, October 31, 1855, Mary, daughter of John M. Whitall, of Philadelphia, one of the most extensive manufacturers of glass in the United States. He has eight children, namely, Martha Carey, John M. Whitall, Henry M., Bond Valentine, Mary Grace, Margaret Cheston, Helen W., and Frank S. Ges: WituiamM H., M.D., was born in Loudon Ie County, Virginia, January 8, 1845. After receiving a thorough education, including a collegiate course ie. at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, he commenced the study P of medicine in the office of Drs. Willard and Bush, Lovettsville, Virginia. At the expiration of three years he matriculated at the University of Maryland, and after a year’s residence in the University Hospital graduated in the spring of 1870. Immediately after graduating he com- menced the practice of his profession in Baltimore. At the suggestion of Professor Nathan R. Smith Dr. Crim organized a private class for medical instruction, and the latter was thus instrumental in educating about thirty young gentlemen for the medical profession. November 23, 1871, he married Blanche Rawley, of Baltimore. Dr. Crim’s father, John H. Crim, was born in 1814 in Loudon County, Virginia. He married Mary Ann M. Hickman, of that county, by whom he had eight children, four sons and four daughters, seven of whom are now living. Dr. Crim is liberal in his religious views, and independent in his political opinions. He has been for several years a member of the Masonic fraternity. He stands high in his profession, both as surgeon and physician. ene ARNE, Ricuarp L., A.M., Principal of St. John’s “ye Academy and Superintendent of Public Schools, 9s Alexandria, Virginia, was born in that place, it be- ing then included in the District of Columbia, Octo- ber 5, 1826. He was the second son of Richard Libby and Cecilia (Latrinte) Carne, the former being a hardware merchant of Alexandria, and the latter the eldest daughter of John Shakes, a brush manufacturer of the same city. His grandfather, William Carne, a copper-miner, emigrated to this place from England in 1794, and engaged in the hardware business with his brother-in-law, Richard Libby, and his wife’s cousin, Charles Slade, father of the Hon. Charles Slade, of Illinois. George Shakes, the ma- ternal great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was 657 a soldier of the Revolution and died of exposure in camp. His maternal grandmother, Mary Magdalin (Thibodeaux) Latrinte, was born in Acadie, and while a child was carried by the English with three of her sisters to Baltimore, and her father to Louisiana, where he founded the town of Thibodeaux. She married a French sea-captain. The early education of Richard L, Carne was conducted by his mother, and in his ninth year entered the St. John’s Academy of his native place, where his time was devoted to the study of French and the classics. He was a boy of quiet disposition, fond of books and the society of his elders, and having a great ambition to excel. In 1840, his health being very delicate, he was obliged to leave school, and became a clerk in his father’s store, but had little taste for the business, of which, however, he assumed the man- agement before he was quite twenty-one. His father having failed shortly after, the charge of St. John’s Academy, which had been closed for some time, was offered him by friends who wished to assist him, and accepting it he found himself in his true vocation. It cost him a hard struggle to re-establish the school, there being others in Alexandria of the highest grade; but he triumphed over all obstacles, and has now successfully conducted it for thirty-one years. Mr. Carne has educated nearly twelve hundred young men from all parts of the country. For four years, from 1866, he was President of the Board of Guardians of the Wash- ington Free-school, founded by General Washington in 1785, and in September, 1870, was appointed by the Board of Education of Virginia Superintendent of Public Schools for the city and county of Alexandria. To this post he has been twice reappointed. He has been a fireman from a very early age, and one of the officers of the Hydraulion Company since 1845. He was also for a number of years President of the Alexandria Company. He has been since its organization President of the Conference of St. Mary, of the Society of St. Vincent of Paul, a charitable associa- tion, and Prefect of the Sodality connected with St Mary’s Church. He was at one time President of the Young Catholics’ Friend Society of Alexandria. Mr. Carne was in early life very prominent in the societies of the Sons of Temperance and the United Brothers of ‘Temperance, with which he remained actively connected till the decision at Rome, in 1850, that such membership was inconsistent with membership in the Catholic Church, when he withdrew, being a strong adherent of that faith. But his relations with Protestants have always been pleasant, and his school has never had a Catholic majority. He is an active mem- ber of the Educational Association of Virginia. On join- ing it in 1871 he was immediately elected its Third Vice- President. Inheriting Whig principles from his father he voted that ticket till the fall of 1855, when he gave his first Democratic vote. Since the war he has been a decided Conservative, but has taken little part in politics. In 1872 Mr. Carne declined a nomination for the City Council, made in a very flattering manner. He has written a great 658 ms deal for the newspapers. In 1849he published Zhe Ark of Safety, in blank verse, and in 1875 ahistory of St. Mary’s Church, Alexandria; also his annual reports as Superin- tendent of Schools. OULDEN, Jamess E. P., M.D., was born on Bohe- mia Manor, Cecil County, Maryland, July 8, 1825. His grandfather was James Boulden, one of four well-known brothers (the others being Levi, Jesse, and Nathan), who were extensive planters and slave- holders in the above county in azte-bellum times; and his father was Alexander Smith Boulden, a native of Cecil. The ancestors of the family were from Wales, and came to America in colonial times, the section of Cecil County in which they settled being known as the “ Welsh Tract.” Alexander S. Boulden was a prominent surveyor and civil engineer. He located in Baltimore when James was an infant, and engaged in mercantile pursuits, conducting the same for about six years, when he removed to Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, with his wife and the subject of this sketch, having whilst in Baltimore buried a younger son, Edwin Horatio Boulden. .At the age of seven years James lost his father. At the time of his death Mr. Boulden was con- structor of public works at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. He was a most estimable gentleman, a true and sincere Chris- tian. James’s mother, Ann (Porter) Boulden, was the eld- est daughter of Captain David Porter of the Revolutionary Navy, and sister of Commodore David Porter, one of the naval heroes of the war of 1812, and who was subse- quently and for many years United States Minister at Con- stantinople. Mrs. Boulden’s father was an intimate friend of General Washington, who was a great admirer of his valor and patriotism. On one occasion, when on a visit to ‘Washington, then President of the United States, Captain Porter was accompanied by his daughter Ann (the mother of James), who was then six years old. Placing his hand on her head Washington remarked to those present : “‘ This is the daughter of the brave Captain Porter.’ Washington appointed Captain Porter to the command of the Marine Observatory on Federal Hill, Baltimore, he being the first commandant of that station. In 1838 Mrs. Boulden died. She was a rigid Presbyterian, a devoted mother, and a gentle counsellor. Thus in the thirteenth year of his age James was rendered an orphan. He had been attending various private schools, and on the death of his. mother entered Mcllvaine’s Latin School, Georgetown, District of Columbia. After remaining there for a year he became a pupil in the celebrated Quaker boarding school of John Bullock, Wilmington, Delaware, where he pursued his studies for four years, and during the last year was con- tinuously at the head of the first class in every department of learning. In his eighteenth year he entered the count- ing-room of Brown & Muncaster, wholesale drygoods merchants of Baltimore, the senior partner being a cousin BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. of George S. Brown, head of the banking house of Alex- ander Brown & Sons. He acted as assistant the first, and - chief bookkeeper the second year, and then for a year or so devoted himself to general reading and study. In the summer of 1848 he commenced the reading of medicine, entering as a private student the office of the late Samuel Chew, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the University of Maryland, at which institution he ma- triculated in the autumn of the above year, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1850. After graduating Dr. Boul- den located in Ohio in the practice of his profession. He remained there for a year, and then returned.to Baltimore, where he married in April, 1851, Miss Mary Virginia, second daughter of the late Colonel Richard France, an enterprising resident of that city. Having relatives at Constantinople, Turkey, who represented the United States Government at that capital, the doctor concluded to make a general tour through Europe and visit the “ City of the Sultan.” Accompanied by his wife and sister-in-law, Miss Sarah France, now Mrs. George Peter Hoffman, he in May of 1851 left New York in the steamship Baltic of the old Collins Line, and after a voyage of ten days arrived at Liverpool. His journey thence was through England, France, Switzerland, Lombardy, Italy, Austria, down the Adriatic, over the Mediterranean, up the Grecian Archi- pelago, through the Dardanelles, and over the Sea of Mar- mora. He remained in Turkey several months, whence he wrote a series of letters to the Baltimore Suz over his initials “J. E.P.B.’? They attracted general attention on account of their graphic descriptions of Oriental scenes and customs. They were widely copied by the press. Whilst at Constantinople the doctor corresponded with other leading American journals. On his return trip from the Orient he visited Smyrna (Asia Minor), Malta, Elba (where the great Napoleon was first banished), the Sicilian cities, including Catania, at the foot of Mount Etna, which was in full eruption at the time, Naples, Rome, Florence, Pisa, Genoa, Marseilles, and revisited Paris, London, and Liverpool, recrossing the Atlantic in the ill-fated Arctic. On his homeward voyage he was the bearer of dispatches from the American legations at Constantinople and Naples to the State Department at Washington. After his return to Baltimore in 1852, thence to 1860, he was engaged in_ his profession and as a general contributor to the daily and weekly press. During and after the civil war he devoted himself very considerably to journalism, writing numerous articles on a great variety of subjects. To the Baltimore American he contributed a series of interesting articles on the graveyards and cemeteries in and around Baltimore, giving biographical sketches of their distinguished inmates. He furnished the same journal an exhaustive, four column, illustrated article on the “‘ Water Question,” in which he demonstrated the advantages of obtaining the water supply for Baltimore from such a high source as that of Glencoe, on the Gunpowder River, which would have given the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. highest points in the city a natural flow, thus avoiding the enormous expense of forcing the water by artificial means up to high-water service. For the American he also wrote ‘“* The Penal History of Maryland,” from the Lord Proprietary to the present time. For the Badt/morean he wrote biographies of the surviving defenders of Baltimore in the war of 1812. Dr. Boulden is the author of several books, among which may be mentioned An American Among the Orientals, published in 1855; Medicine, or the Legitimists and the Illegitimists, 1870; and the Presbyte- rians of Baltimore. their Churches and Historic Grave- yards, 1875. During the great small-pox epidemic of 1873 in Baltimore Dr. Boulden was appointed by Dr. George W. Benson, Health Commissioner, as a special Vaccine Physician. His precinct being in the most affected region he was frequently exposed to the disease. In 1874 he was appointed by Mayor Joshua Vansant as Vaccine Physician for the Eleventh and Twelfth wards of Baltimore, and held the position during the two years of that gentleman’s second administration. As a member of the Medico-Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland and other medical societies he has furnished several valuable papers on the phenomena, etc., of disease, and has contributed to the public press, in- cluding the Baltimore Suz, articles on vaccination, quar- antine, and infectious or contagious diseases. He was the founder, in conjunction with the late Dr. George Robinson, of ‘the “ Maryland Epidemiological Society,” and was its Corresponding Secretary during the period of its existence. He read before the Society an able original paper on Asiatic cholera, which was subsequently published in a leading London medical journal, During the Mayoralty of Robert T. Banks Dr, Boulden was highly recommended by many prominent physicians and leading merchants for the posi- tion of Resident Physician at the Marine or Quarantine Hospital. The former included: Professors Nathan R. Smith, George W. Miltenberger, and Samuel C. Chew. He has two children living, Mary Virginia and George A. P. Boulden. A son, named after him, died, and is buried in Greenmount Cemetery. CO O9 G(WeARRIS, CHAPIN AARON, M.D., youngest son of ( John and Elizabeth (Brundage) Harris, was born x in Pompey, Onandaga County, New York, May ¥* 6, 1806. To this place his father had removed a few years previously from Sheffield, Massachusetts. The family is of English descent, and claims connection with the Wiltshire and Hampshire family of that name, which is represented by the Earl of Malmesbury, a lineal descendant of James Harris, author of Hermes. The grandfather of Dr. Harris was killed in a skirmish in the Revolutionary war, and his granduncle, Captain Joshua Harris, fought gallantly under General Stark at the battle of Bunker Hill. On his mother’s side he was re- 659 lated to the Chapin family, the founder of which in America was Deacon Samuel Chapin, a stanch old Pu- ritan, who settled in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1642, and whose numerous descendants are scattered throughout the Northern States. John Harris removed to Ohio while his youngest son was still a child, and he there completed his education, and pursued his medical studies under the direction of his elder brother, Dr. John Harris, a sur- geon of much skill and reputation, with whom also he commenced the practice of his profession. He was united in marriage, January 11, 1826, with Lucinda Heath, second daughter of Rev. Barton Downes Hawley, formerly of Loudon County, Virginia. Her mother was Catharine, second daughter of Andrew Heath, of “ White Chimneys,” near Winchester, Virginia, an Englishman of noble family. After several years, greatly desiring to make his home in the South, Dr. Harris made a tour through the Southern and Southwestern States, in the principal cities of which he found many inducements to settle, but his health would not permit him to remain. His eldest brother, Rev. James H. Harris, living in Baltimore, persuaded him to give that city a trial, and he arrived there with his family August 11, 1833. Shortly before, his attention, with that of his brother, Dr. John Harris, had been drawn to the study of dentistry, and realizing the necessity of delivering the profession from the hands of ignorant charlatans and quacks and elevating it to the rank of medicine and sur- gery, he resolved to give up his own chosen profession and to work to redeem dentistry from the obloquy which had been cast upon it and the prejudices which had been excited against it. It required great labor and self-denial to assume the responsibilities of a teacher in a school newly organized and to build up a profession that he determined should be one worthy of all honor, and had he not been gifted with indomitable perseverance and a strong will combined with untiring patience he would never have conquered the difficulties he encountered, nor obtained his great success and world-wide fame. But fixedness of purpose was a prominent trait in his character, to which his labors as an author, for his college, for his journal, and for the many societies with which he was connected all bear witness. The idea of a dental college first came from Dr. Harris, and it was chiefly through his instrumentality that the Baltimore College of Dental Surgeons was organized in 1839, in which he never failed in rigorous attention to his duties as Professor. In addition he had always a private class of students who were anxious to do extra work. In 1850 he became sole editor of the American Fournal of Dental Science, having been part editor all the previous years of its existence, and some years later he became part owner. To him the paper chiefly owed its existence. His Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery is used as a textbook in all the dental schools both in the United States and in England. This was followed in 1849 by his Dictéon- ary of Dental Science, Biography, Bibliography, and Medi- 660 cal Terminology. It is estimated that Dr. Harris did more with his pen and active labors to promote the science than any man on either continent before or since. Often after a day of heavy professional labors he would write till long past midnight, thus gradually undermining an iron constitution, capable of enduring great fatigue and toil. These incessant labors finally cut him off in the meridian of a life of usefulness. Dr. Harris was Professor of the Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College, member of the Medical Association and of the Society of Dental Surgeons, also correspond- ing and honorary member of others, besides which he belonged to various art and literary associations in the United States. In 1858 he was made a member of the Maryland Historical Society. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, though leaning in the later years of his life to the Protestant Episcopal faith. As a Mason he was very prominent, and an enthusiastic worker to advance the interests of the Order. He died after eight months of suffering, borne with unfailing sweet- ness of temper, September 29, 1860. His only son, Chapin Bond Harris, followed him on the 7th of May of the following year, leaving his young widow, Mary Custis, youngest daughter of Lloyd Rogers, of Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, and one child, Chapin Barton Monroe Harris. The widow of Dr. Harris died in London, June 28, 1878, surrounded by her five daughters, who are all living in England and France. The eldest, Ozellah Louisa, married Alfred Addison Blandy, born in Bristol, England, youngest son of Benjamin Blandy, of Zanesville, Ohio, but now of England, and has two sons and four daughters. The second daughter, Zairah C., married Louis Miguot, of New York, and has one son. Alice E., the third daughter, married Carlos Brelaz, nephew of Merle D’Aubigne, the historian, and has two sons and two daughters. Helen Pendleton is unmarried ; and Anna Meredith, the youngest daughter, married Captain C. E. Barrett-Leonard, late of the “Essex Rifles,’ formerly of the Eighth Dragoon Guards, and brother of the present Sir Thomas Barrett: Leonard, ‘“ Belhas,” Essex. rrr N peMnENs Joun Jacos, was born in Baltimore J May 23, 1823. His father, J. J. Thomsen, who eS 8 roo x was a native of North Germany, came to America + about 1807, and settled in Baltimore. After clerk- t ing for several years in commercial houses, and in the Baltimore Post-office, he removed to a farm which he owned, near York, Pennsylvania. After remaining there about eighteen months he returned to Baltimore, where he died at the age of sixty-two years. Fora long time he took an active interest in the emancipation of the slaves, and also in their education. The subject of this sketch BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. received an excellent education, including the classics, mathematics, German, French, and Spanish, after the com- pletion of which he spent a year in an apothecary estab- lishment, and subsequently two years as a clerk in an ex- tensive shipping house. During the above period he took private lessons in Latin, French, and German. After six months’ employment in the drug house of G. & N. Poplein he entered into the manufacture of stearine candles. He continued in the business two years, and then formed a partnership with Poplein & Orrick, wholesale druggists in Baltimore. Eighteen months thereafter Poplein and Thomsen purchased Orrick’s interest and conducted the business for fifteen months. Subsequently Mr. Poplein retired from the house, and Mr. Thomsen associated with him G. Davidge Woods and John Block. A few years thereafter Mr. Woods retired, and the business was con- ducted for twelve years by Mr. Thomsen and Mr, Block. In 1871 Mr. Block retired, and Messrs. Lilly and Muth became Mr. Thomsen’s partners. On the retirement of Mr. Lilly the business was continued by the present firm of Thomsen & Muth, whose drug house is regarded as among the most important and extensive in Baltimore. Mr. Thomsen has contributed liberally to the building of several Presbyterian churches in Baltimore, with which denomination he is connected. He was one of the four originators of Eutaw Place. He is a member of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, and has long taken a great interest in the Baltimore General Dispensary, of which institution he has for about twelve years been the Secretary. On October 12, 1854, he married Emma Lena, daughter of Alonzo Lilly, now of Boston, but for many years a merchant of Baltimore. He has four children, three sons and one daughter. born in the month of August, 1814, near Salisbury, “? North Carolina. His father, Rev. Charles A. G. Stork, was a noted clergyman of the same faith, and pastor of a group of churches in that neighborhood. His mother was a daughter of Lewis Beard, of Salisbury,_ North Carolina, Dr. Stork was the youngest child of a large family, and in his early years was in very delicate health. He was educated at Gettysburg. Having com- pleted the full course of college and seminary he entered on his first charge at Winchester, Virginia, in the year 1837, at the age of twenty-three. During his ministry there the present church edifice of that denomination was projected, and the membership largely increased. From Winchester he went to Philadelphia as pastor of St. Matthew’s, where his ministry was eminently successful. Through his efforts St. Mark’s congregation was established upon a firm basis, g TORK, Rev. THEOPHILUS, D.D., founder of St. Ki) Mark’s English Lutheran Church, Baltimore, was % AC SS \N SS BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ' From the pulpit of St. Mark’s Dr. Stork was called to the Presidency of Newberry College, South Carolina. To this new field of labor he gave his maturest efforts. The hope of improving his impaired health exercised no little influence in deciding the question of his change of occu- pation and location. He entered this new and untried work with characteristic enthusiasm, hoping, if possible, in a wider sphere, by educating the future educators of the Church to serve the cause he loved so well. Before he be- came fairly engaged, however, the disturbed condition of the country interfered with the conduct of the institution, and the prospect of an early adjustment of civil difficulties was so unsatisfactory that Dr. Stork very soon resigned and retired from the college. He soon afterward accepted a call to become pastor of St. Mark’s Church at Baltimore, and at once became a favorite within and without his charge. Under his faithful and affectionate care that church grew in every element of congregational strength, and now, under the charge of his son, is one of the most active and liberal congregations of the Lutheran Church. He finally resigned the pastorate of St. Mark’s Church in favor of his son, and returned to Philadelphia, where he devoted most of his time to literary pursuits, and served with untiring energy in the work of the Publication Society of the Lutheran Church. He was thus engaged until his death, which occurred March 28, 1874. He was a faithful Christian minister, greatly beloved by his own denomina- tion and all who knew him. Soon after entering upon his ministerial career he was married to Miss Mary Lynch, daughter of William Lynch, who for several terms repre- sented Frederick County in the Maryland Legislature. He left three sons: Rev. Charles A. Stork, D.D., pastor of St. Mark’s Church, Baltimore; William L. Stork, a prominent business man of that city; and Theophilus B. Stork, an attorney of Philadelphia. GyeTORK, WILLIAM L., of the firm of Stork, Wright & Ss Co., stationers, engravers, printers, and blankbook “a manufacturers, Baltimore, was born, February 14, i 1841, near Jefferson, Frederick County, Maryland. He is a son of the Rev. Theophilus Stork, D.D., a native of Salisbury, North Carolina, whose biography ap- pears in this volume. Mr. Stork’s grandfather, the Rev. Charles Augustus Stork, was a noted clergyman of the same faith, and distinguished as a linguist. He emigrated to this country from Germany at an early age. Mr. Stork’s mother’s maiden name was Mary Lynch. She was a daughter of William Lynch, a Maryland farmer, who rep- resented Frederick County in the Legislature for several terms. Mr. Stork’s brother, the Rev. Charles A. Stork, D.D., a prominent minister of Baltimore, has been pastor of St. Mark’s Lutheran Church of that city since 1865, of which his father was formerly pastor. His half-brother, Theophilus R. Stork, is a lawyer of Philadelphia. During 84 661 the early part of his life Mr. Stork resided with his mater- nal grandfather for several years. He attended the dis- trict schools from his eighth until his eleventh year, when he went to Philadelphia, where his father was then stationed, and attended the public schools of that city until his six- teenth year. He then left school to accept a clerkship in the Lutheran Publishing House of Philadelphia, where he underwent a thorough business training. At nineteen years of age he went to Virginia, purchased a book and stationery store, and did a successful business until the commencement of the civil war in 1861, when he returned to Philadelphia and entered the Union Army, enlisting in the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Regiment. He served with distinction for three years ; participated in the battles of Winchester, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie Run, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, and Ringgold; and was promoted to the rank of Captain for gallant ser- vice. He resigned his commission in 1864 and returned to Baltimore, where he purchased a small book store in connection with the Lutheran Observer. In 1866 he formed a copartnership with William Gillespie in the sta- tionery and engraving business, with whom he was asso- ciated until 1868, when the partnership was dissolved and he became associated with Robert A. Wright, who died in 1876. In 1877 the firm name was changed to Stork, Wright & Co., Mr. John H. Griffin and Mr. F. W. Koch becoming members thereof. Mr. Stork is a Conservative in politics. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and one of the Vice-Presidents of the Young Men’s Christian Association, in which he takes a prominent part. N HITAKER, GreorcE Prick, Ironmaster, Principio Furnace, Cecil County, Maryland, was born, December 31, 1803, in Berks County, Pennsyl- vania. He was the son of Joseph and Sarah (Updegrove) Whitaker. His father, who emi- grated to this country during the Revolutionary war, then a minor, was the son of James Whitaker, a large cloth manufacturer of Leeds, England. The family of Joseph and Sarah Whitaker consisted of eight sons and six daughters, of whom George P., the subject of this sketch, is the youngest and only surviving son. His early education was limited. He worked on a farm until about nineteen years of age, and then hired as a workman at the “ Delaware Iron Works,” in New Castle County, Delaware, where he remained about two years. By industry and rigid economy he managed, even at the low wages then paid, to save some money, and was judicious enough to in- vest it in improving his defective education. For this pur- pose he went to Philadelphia and diligently applied him- self to study until interrupted by severe sickness. He early resolved to make himself useful to his employers, and realized that if he would succeed in business enter- prises on his own account he must educate his mind as 662 well as labor with his hands. This furnishes the keynote to his subsequent history. On his restoration to health he was employed as manager of the “ Gibraltar Forges,” near Reading, in Berks County, Pennsylvania, being then but twenty-one years of age, and remained in that position for about two years. From this time Mr. Whitaker was the General Superintendent and managing spirit of most of the works and enterprises with which he has in association with others been engaged. His first business venture on his own account was, in connection with others, the pur- chase and rebuilding of the “ Elk~Rolling Mills,” near Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, where they manufactured sheet-iron, nails, etc. Subsequently in connection with his brother James he leased and rebuilt the “Old North East Forge,” located at North East, Cecil County, Maryland. Here he conducted the business for about seven years. In 1836, in connection with others, he purchased the “Principio Furnace” property in the same county, This property was probably the first on which iron works were erected in the Coloniés, and was owned and operated by an English company, a set of whose account books of 1726 and 1732 are now in possession of Mr. Whitaker. This company went out of existence on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, and the property was confiscated, and some years after was purchased by Colonel Samuel Hughes and others, by whom the iron business was continued until about 1814. They made cannon for the Government, which fact probably prompted Admiral Cockburn to burn the works during the war of 1812-14; the furnace building, boring-mill, grist-mill, and bridge over Principio Creek were destroyed. From about this time until the date of the purchase in 1836 by Mr. Whitaker and others the whole property became a wild waste. Here prosperity attended Mr. Whitaker’s intelligent and untiring devotion to business, and he gradually purchased the interest of all the other members of the company, and added many acres to the original purchase. The last one, his brother Joseph, he bought out in 1862; since when he has been and is now sole owner of this extensive property. In 1845 he, in con- nection with his brother Joseph, David Reeves, and W. P. C. Whitaker, built the “ Havre Iron Works,” consisting of two furnaces at Havre-de-Grace, Harford County, Mary- land. Mr. Reeves shortly afterwards retired, and the busi- ness was for a number of years thereafter conducted under the firm name of Joseph & George P. Whitaker. In 1861 Mr. Whitaker became sole owner, and subsequently sold the works to some of the members of the “ McCullough Iron Co.” In 1848 he with others purchased a large property in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, known as the old «« Durham Furnace ”’ property, built two new furnaces, and conducted them successfully under the firm name of Joseph Whitaker & Co. until about 1862, when he sold out his interest to his brother Joseph. In 1855 George P. and Joseph Whitaker purchased an interest in the “Crescent Iron Works,” at Wheeling, Virginia. In 1863 Mr. Whita- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ker became by purchase the sole owner of these works and prosecuted the business until 1868, when he sold out to a company who failed during the panic of 1873-74, and he again purchased the property, after which he organized a stock company under the name and style of “ The Whitaker Iron Company,” George P. Whitaker, President, and his son, N. E, Whitaker, Secretary, and has since con- ducted a profitable business there. These various manu- facturing interests rendered it necessary to have a depot in Philadelphia for the sale of the products of their works, and Mr. Whitaker, ever quick to see the advantageous points of business, and prompt to carry into effect what- ever the requirements of his trade demanded, in 1848, in connection with his brother Joseph, and afterwards with his son-in-law, Joseph Condon, under the firm name of Whitaker & Condon, opened an iron commission house in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and did an extensive and profitable business there until 1862. Since his early man- hood Mr. Whitaker has been associated in business with his brother Joseph, who resided in Pennsylvania. In 1861 Joseph, fearing the result of the civil war, proposed a divi- sion of their property interest, which was effected, Joseph taking the properties in the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and George P. those in Delaware and Mary- land; thus dividing by free and slave States. The Vir- -ginia works being a stock company was not divided. In tracing Mr. Whitaker from his boyhood, without capital, except such as God and nature had endowed him with, through the various enterprises in which he has been en- gaged up to wealth and influence, which he has attained, it may be said of him that “in youth he opened his book of life and hitherto has not left a blank page.” Though an influential man in the politics of his county, neither his tastes nor time has led him to desire or hold office. Once only he consented to serve his county in the Legislature of Maryland, in the session of 1867. For a number of years he was a Director on the part of the State in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. In positions of trust he dis- charged his duty with unquestioned fidelity. Since Mr. Whitaker’s residence in Maryland, which commenced in 1827, he has at all times been active in aiding and en- couraging church, educational, and benevolent enterprises. By precept and example he has ever exerted a wholesome influence in the community. ENNIS, Hon. GrorcE ROBERTSON, United States J, Senator from Maryland, was born at White Haven, Somerset County, April 8, 1822. The Dennis ‘ family, which is of Irish and English descent, has | from the earliest settlement of the country been prominent in public and political affairs. Dannock Dennis, the first of the name in this country, settled in Somerset County in 1665; he was a lawyer by profession, and a BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. man of influence in the early days of the colony. His youngest son, John Dennis, the direct ancestor of the sub- ject of this sketch, was for many years one of the judges of the Provincial Court, having been appointed to that position in 1710, Many of his descendants have been distinguished in public life. Littleton Dennis was a prominent lawyer and for many years a judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland; his brother, John Dennis, was elected a Representative in Congress in 1797 at the early age of twenty-six, and was re-elected for five terms successively until his death. Both earned high distinction for ability and integrity. John Dennis, the son of the last-named John, was also a Representative in Congress for two terms; and Littleton P. Dennis died while serv- ing a term in that body in 1834. Senator Dennis is the seventh in descent from the first settler. His academic education was received from a private tutor and at old Washington Academy, near Princess Anne, at that time a school of high repute. Subsequently he was graduated at the Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York, and after leaving that institution went to the University of Virginia. Determining upon medicine as a profession he studied for two years at the University of Pennsylvania, graduated in 1843, and immediately commenced practice. He soon found his sphere of duty a wide one, covering an ex- tent of many miles, and the eighteen years in which he de- voted himself with untiring assiduity to the profession, while they brought with them well-deserved laurels and a crowning reputation for charity and good deeds, told seri- ously upon his health, and necessitated his withdrawal from active practice in 1860. But the arduous labors of his profession did not engross his attention to the exclusion of other matters affecting the welfare of the country, and even while most actively engaged in practice he took a large and lively interest in matters relating to public edu- cation and in the various works of internal improvement in the State. He was one of the promoters of the Eastern Shore Railroad, and has been for many years President of that corporation; he was also a Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on the part of the State until his resig- nation upon his election as Senator. In politics Senator Dennis was up to the time of the breaking out of the war a Whig, as all of his name had been before him; upon the new issues which then arose he attached himself to the Demo- cratic party, with which he has since continued to act. In 1856 he was elected a Delegate from the State at large to the National Whig Convention which nominated Fillmore for President, and in 1868 to the National Democratic Con- vention which nominated Seymour, serving as Vice-Presi- dent of that body. He has served one term in the House of Delegates and two in the Senate of Maryland, and during his last term in the Senate was elected by a large majority over all competitors as Senator of the United States for six years from March 4, 1873. In the Senate chamber, while he has delivered few speeches, he has from _been engaged in an extensive practice ever since. 663 his first entrance taken a high position, and served his State and the country faithfully and efficiently, and as a Senator stands high in the respect and esteem of his col- leagues. The position he assumed upon his presentation of the Blair Resolutions from the Maryland Legislature, which looked to the unseating of the President notwith- standing the decision of the Electoral Commission, won for him the plaudits of Senators of both political parties, and the earnest and patriotic words in which he repudiated the idea of being made a party to such an attempt pro- duced an effect which a St. Louis paper thus describes : “« That hour told that the virtue and honor of the Republic still lived. A magnetic thrill of admiration for the Mary- land Senator filled every heart. The Senate rose to its feet. Senator Blaine leading off on the part of the Repub- licans, and Hill, of Georgia, on the part of the Democrats, with outstretched hands, congratulated the surrounded Marylander, while a halo of resplendent glory seemed to crown him. Dennis sat down immortalized.” Senator Dennis is a fine representative of the Maryland gentleman ; his manners are courteous and sympathetic, his hospitality proverbial, and he is deservedly popular with all classes, His residence is Kingston, an estate containing about fifteen hundred acres, in a high state of improvement. SWOONES, CHARLES PARKER, M.D., was born near Snow Hill, Worcester County, Maryland, June 8, - ~@ (1825, His father was Jesse Jones, a farmer of * Worcester County. He was a man of great decision of character, of ‘unusual energy, and successful in his business, standing at the head of the agriculturists of his county. He died in 1839. The doctor’s mother was Rachel, daughter of William Cropper, of Worcester County. She was a Methodist, and died in the Christian faith in 1875. Charles attended various schools until 1839, when he entered Snow Hill Academy. One of his teachers was the late Hon. C. L. Vallandigham, of Ohio. He finished his classical studies under John H. Doane, a well-known and able instructor. He entered as a student of medicine the office of Drs. Farrow and Williams, of Snow Hill, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- phia, in March, 1849. He engaged successfully in the practice-of his profession in Newark, Worcester County, until 1862, when he removed to Snow Hill, where he has For two years, 1855-6, he was one of the Board of Commis- sioners of Worcester County. He was appointed by Gov- ernor Bradford Examining Surgeon under the State militia law for Worcester County, and has served as Chief Judge of the Orphans’ Court of his county for four years, in which position he acquired the reputation of being an up- right and faithful officer. In 1849 he married Miss Catha- rine D., daughter of Johnson Gray, of Matthews County, 664 Virginia, and has six children: Mrs. Evelyn Nelson, wife of Rev. Edwin H. Nelson, of the Washington Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Dr. Paul Jones, en- gaged in the practice of medicine at Horntown, Accomac County, Virginia; Mrs. Marion, wife of John R. Franklin, son of the late Judge Franklin, of the First Judicial Dis- trict of Maryland; Mrs. Helen Townsend, wife of James Townsend, grandson of Rev. Dr. J. S. Porter, of New Jersey, and son of Alfred J. Townsend, farmer; Robley Dunglison; and Oswald Meigs Jones. Dr. Jones has served as a Steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he joined in 1839 in the fourteenth year of his age. WiWeZARDCASTLE, Hon. Wituiam Mo.uisrer, of qi ) Castle Hall, Caroline County, Maryland, was ca born December 2, 1778, and died June, 1874, in ‘Fr the ninety-sixth year of his age. He was of the family of Hardcastles, the first of whom came to this country and settled near the present town of Denton about the middle of the seventeenth century. The father of the subject of this sketch was. Thomas Hardcastle, son of Robert Hardcastle, the original settler. The home of William Hardcastle from his childhood was his father’s residence, known as Castle Hall, and here he died. His estate, consisting of one thousand acres, is at present occu- pied and owned by his son, Dr. Alexander Hardcastle, a well-known physician and fruit-grower, a sketch of whom is contained in this volume. His education was conducted at home under private tutors, and his early tastes, which were for agricultural pursuits and the raising of fine stock, were indulged during a long life on this large estate. He was elected to the General Assembly of the State first on the Democratic ticket, but afterward on the Whig ticket ten times, serving in eleven sessions of the Maryland State Legislature from Caroline County. He lived and died greatly honored and respected. He was married, July 28, 1805, to Anna, daughter of Henry Colston, Esq., of Ferry Neck, Talbot County. Two sons, Drs. Edward and Alex- ander Hardcastle, and two daughters, Mrs. Dr. Golds- borough and Mrs. Rev. George W. Kennedy, survive. WON: ARTIN, Major JoHN WILLIAMS, was born in 5 iB J ie Cambridge, Dorchester County, Maryland, in ae 1817. His father was Hon. William Bond 4Aex Martin, Judge of the Court of Appeals of Mary- land. He died in 1835. His mother was Miss Bond, daughter of Dr. Bond, one of the founders of the University of Pennsylvania. He was a generous and hos- pitable gentleman of superior intellectual culture. His mother was Miss Sarah F., daughter of John Williams, of Dorchester County. After graduating at St. John’s College, Annapolis, in 1837, Mr. Martin entered on the study of law BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in the office of his brother, Robert W. Martin, who was afterwards Judge of the Superior Court and of the Court of Appeals, After three years of law studies Major Mar- tin was admitted to the bar of Talbot County. In 1839 he was married to Miss Evelina L., daughter of Governor Daniel Martin, who was elected for two terms Governor of Maryland. Major Martin after one year’s practice re- tired from the bar and engaged in farming on the estate called “ Wilderness,” the home for several generations of the Martin family. There Mr. Martin has resided for about thirty-nine years. Though having decided political opinions he has studiously avoided political life or prefer- Since 1845 he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was reared in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and has been a vestryman of White Marsh Parish for many years, His military title is derived from his con- nection as Major of cavalry in the regiment commanded by Colonel Samuel Hambleton, of Talbot County, a State organization which was in existence for several years. Major Martin is a gentleman of culture and of recognized integrity and worth. restora res GRIFFIN WASHINGTON, M.D., was born in Greensborough, Caroline County, Mary- land, November 20, 1820, His father was Thomas ; Goldsborough, who was engaged in early life in the practice of law, but in consequence of feeble health abandoned it, and retiring to his farm spent his later life in the pursuits of agriculture. His mother, the grand- mother of the subject of this sketch, was a Miss Fauntle- roy, of Virginia. Dr. Goldsborough’s mother was Miss Maria Thomas, of Annapolis, who was a devoted member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. She died in 1870 at an advanced age, After attendance at the Brookville (Montgomery County) Academy Griffin entered the Literary Department of the Maryland University. On the comple- tion of his general education at that institution he com- menced the study of medicine under the private instruc- tions of Professors Potter and Hall, of Baltimore, and after attending three courses of lectures in the University of Maryland School of Medicine graduated therefrom in March, 1838. Immediately after graduating he settled in the practice of his profession in St. Louis, Missouri, but owing to the precarious condition of his mother’s health returned East, and resumed the duties of his profession at Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware. Jn 1842 he removed to Greensborough, his present residence, where, with but a short interval, he has ever since been engaged in medical practice. In 1859 he was elected to the Legislature of Maryland, and served with credit on several important committees. He was Chairman of the Committee on Cor- porations. He occupied his seat in the State Assembly until 1862, and in 1875 was returned thereto by the Demo- cratic party of his county. He has been for twenty-three ment. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. years an officer of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad, ten years of which time he held the offices of Treasurer and Superintendent. He is now President of the Balti- more, Chesapeake and Delaware Branch Railroad, which position he has occupied for four years, Dr, Goldsborough has been twice marriéd: first, to Miss Anna, daughter of Rev. John Reynolds, of Stoke-Newington, London, Eng- land; and secondly, to Miss Angie, daughter of Hon. William Hardcastle, of Castle Hall, Caroline County. He has two surviving children by the first marriage. irveo Sous M. WortHINcToN, Paymaster GC United States Navy, was born October 9, 1833, and was appointed Acting Assistant Paymaster I from Maryland September 30, 1862. His father was Hon. Brice J. Goldsborough, one of the judges of the First Judicial District of Maryland, and afterward Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, in which posi- tion he died, July, 1867. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Miss Leah Worthington, of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The Goldsborough family can be traced back to Goldsborough Hall, County of York, Eng- land, 1157. The first of the name in this country was Hon. Robert Goldsborough, of Talbot and Dorchester counties, who enjoyed a State and national reputation. Paymaster Goldsborough is the great-great-grandson of Robert Goldsborough. Mr. Goldsborough was first at- tached to the steamer Southfield, North Atlantic Block- ading Squadron, 1862. He served on the storeship St. Lawrence, 1863-4; was appointed Assistant Paymaster United States Navy, July 2, 1864; was on steamer Sham- rock of the European Squadron, 1866-7; commissioned Paymaster, May 4, 1866; assigned to the frigate Constitu- tion (schoolship), 1869-71; Navy Yard, Washington; Omaha, South Pacific Station, 1872-5; Naval Academy, 1876; and Coast Survey, 1876-9. He was married to Miss Nettie Jones, of Princess Anne, Maryland, and has four sons. en2 m2 aWie LETCHER, J. B., Merchant and Farmer, of Pres- a ton, Caroline County, Maryland, was born, in 1837, at in Dorchester County, near East New Market. * His father, John N. Fletcher, now deceased, was a farmer and a man of much force and character. His family were old residents of the Eastern Shore. His wife was Emily, daughter of Jeremiah Bramble. She died in 1844. Their son was educated at the public schools, and in his nineteenth year entered as clerk the * store of William H. Gooter, a well-known merchant of Preston, whose partner he became in 1859, and after 1861 had sole charge of the business. He has also been Postmaster of Preston since that time. He purchased in 665 1866 eighty acres of land in the vicinity of the village, which he planted in peach trees, and has found it a profit- able investment. Both as a farmer and merchant he has been very successful, owning his store, a pleasant resi- dence, and several valuable town lots. In public educa- tion he has taken large interest, and for the last thirteen years has been one of the trustees of the Preston Grade School. No man in the county is more highly esteemed, and the place he has won in the community, as well as his success in life, he owes to his own character and industry. Mr. Fletcher has been from early manhood an active and decided Republican, and for some years a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he was reared. In the erection of their beautiful new edifice he was a mem- ber of the Building Committee. He was first married to Miss Hennie, daughter of Thomas Kelley, The family, members of the Society of Friends, were old residents of Caroline County. Her mother was Sally (Collison) Kelley. She lived a consistent Christian life for fifteen years after ‘marriage, dying in the triumphs of faith July 25, 1874. Six of her children are living ; the eldest, Thomas Oscar, is in business with his father. Mr. Fletcher was again married, July 27, 1874, to Miss Sallie M., daughter of George E. Varnes, of New Market, by whom he has one son. \ ee JosHua, was born in County Armaugh, DY Ireland, January 1, 1806. His father, William wa" Horner, who was of Scotch descent, was a man of fine education and decided literary taste. He devoted himself considerably to the composing of sermons and hymns, many of which were made use of by the Wesleyan Methodists during his life, and are still availed of in some parts of Ireland. He was a humani- tarian and earnest religious worker. His wife, Mary (Allen) Horner, was a managing, thrifty person, and it was mainly through her endeavors that the family derived a livelihood from their little farm. The grandfather of Joshua was noted for his strict integrity and good judg- ment. He was frequently called upon as an arbiter of disputes, and there never was any appeal from his de- cisions. The ancestors of the Horners embraced many eminent names, such as the Hamiltons, Dunlops, Jeffrys, and Allens. Their religious proclivities have for genera- tions been Protestant, those on the paternal side being Methodists, and those on the maternal side Quakers. Joshua received a common-school education, and at a very early age entered into business by taking country produce to Belfast, which was thirty-three miles distant from his home, and exchanging it for such articles as were saleable in his neighborhood. When twenty years old he started a general merchandise store in Dungannon, County Tyrone, which he successfully conducted for some years, and when twenty-six years of age purchased a paper-mill property, 666 which was ultimately the cause of his coming to America, the heavy duties on paper in Great Britain at the time pre- venting the manufacturers from making any profits thereon. Mr. Horner landed in New York, where he remained about nine years, a portion of the time engaged in the crockery business, and then removed to Baltimore and embarked in the bone-dust manufacturing and wholesale paper busi- ness. In political sentiment Mr. Horner affiliated with the Whig party, and through the American civil war was loyal to the Federal Government. He married Eliza Shields Scott, daughter of Michael Scott, who served in the British Army during the Peninsular wars. She de- scended from the Wallaces, Bruces, and Stewarts of Scot- land. a“ Be OONE, Rev. JoHN FRANcis, M.D., resident Homce- iw Yy opathic Physician in the town of Oxford, Talbot ve County, Maryland, was born in Greensborough, ® Caroline County, Maryland, in 1816. His parents % were Joshua and Rebecca A. Boone, both of English descent. His mother was the daughter of John Bradley, of that county. Three brothers of the name of Boone came | from England to America in 1740, two of whom settled in the State of Maryland. Dr. Boone received his early education in the Academy of Greensborough. After at- taining the age of sixteen he attended for four years the Literary Department of the University of Maryland in Baltimore, when he returned to Greensborough, and com- menced in the office of Dr. White the study of medicine in accordance with a long-cherished desire. He com- pleted his studies with Dr. Nathan Potter, Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Maryland, and graduated in the spring of 1837. He set- tled in his profession in Church Hill, Queen Anne’s County, but removed in 1842 to Federalsburg, Dorchester County, where he had a large practice, and remained till the fall of 1849. In 1845 he was elected to the General Assembly of Maryland, and during the important session of 1846 served on the Committee of Ways and Means. The committee reported bills which, being passed by both houses, relieved the financial embarrassment of the State, and saved it from the dishonor of repudiation. He was nominated the same year on the Whig ticket and elected to the State Senate, but the claims of his large practice would not permit hint to serve, and he resigned his seat. Dr. Boone became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1844. In September, 1849, he was appointed Pastor of the church of that denomination in Salisbury, Maryland, to fill a vacancy occasioned by death. The following year he entered the Philadelphia Conference, and served as Pastor in 1850-51 at North East, Cecil County, Maryland; in 1852, Oxford, Pennsylvania; in 1853 and ’54, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania; in 1855 and ’56, Bristol, in the same State; in 1857 and ’58, Summer- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. field, Philadelphia; in 1859 and ’60, St. George’s, Phila- delphia; in 1861 and ’62, De Kalb Street Church, Norris- town, Pennsylvania; in 1863, Smyrna, Delaware; and in 1864 at Galena, Maryland. In 1865 he settled in Balti- more, and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1873 he removed to Philadelphia, but sféon determined to try the climate of Kansas for his failing health, and entering the Conference of that State was stationed for two years at Parsons and Pleasanton. His family, however, desiring to return East, and his health having improved, he de- cided to settle in the town of Oxford, Maryland, a well- known and popular watering-place. In 1860 Dr. Boone became convinced of the superiority of the homceopathic system of medicine, which he has followed from that time. His success has already brought into his hands a large proportion of the practice of Oxford and its vicinity. He was married in 1837 to Ann H., daughter of Thomas Cox, of Queen Anne’s County. Of their children only two are now living, Fannie, wife of A. F. Bell, and John R. Boone, who has been engaged in the banking business in Kansas. Wi RAFT, JouNn G., was born, September 20, 1838, at De Arlington, Baltimore County, Maryland. His oF ancestors were natives of Germany. His father, “? Frederick Kraft, born near Bremen, Germany, emi- grated to America at early manhood, and settled in Baltimore County, Maryland, where he died when the sub- ject of this sketch was about eight years of age. Mr. Kraft was educated in the schools of his native county and at Oxford College, Adams County, and Sherwood Insti- tute, near York, Pennsylvania. Leaving school when fif- teen years of age he became for three and a half years clerk in the wholesale confectionery establishment of Clark & Jones, of Baltimore. In 1857 he removed to Chicago, and there became a bookkeeper in the stone and glassware house of G. W. Bittinger & Co. In 1859 he returned to Baltimore and engaged as bookkeeper for an oyster-pack- ing house until 1863, when he began the oyster-packing business in company with Messrs. Numsen, Carroll & Co. In 1868 this firm being dissolved he formed a partnership for the prosecution of the same business with P. F. Wine- brenner. Since 1870 they have engaged exclusively in the hermetical sealing of steamed oysters, fruit, and veg- etables. Their goods are sent to all parts of the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia, their sales being confined to the large jobbing houses. Mr. Kraft is Chair- man of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and one of the directors of the Union Oyster-packing Company. He is a member of the Mount Vernon Methodist Church. In April, 1871, he married Alice A , daughter of William Metzger, of Montgomery County, Maryland. She died in April, 1872, leaving one child, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Am i ILBOURNE, SrweELL THomas, Attorney-at-law, TD Ae son of Z, Thomas and Jane Folkes Milbourne, yg was born at Snow Hill, Worcester County, Ma- @ ryland, January 12, 1836. The family descended from Major Milbourne, who with Governor Leiz- ler, -his father-in-law, of New York, was executed on the accusation of high treason in 1669, their enemies having succeeded in making Slaughter, the new Governor of the Colony, drunk, and while unconscious of his act induced him to sign the death warrant, which with indecent haste was immediately executed. But the English Parliament revised the attainder and restored their descendants to all their legal rights. At the age of fifteen young Milbourne entered Dickinson College, from which he graduated B.A. in the summer of 1855, and in 1858 received the degree of Master of Arts. Immediately after graduating he was elected Principal of the seminary at Bethany, Pennsyl- vania, a boarding or public school with seven instructors and over one hundred students, of which he had the care for one year, when deciding to devote himself to the legal profession he returned to his native town, where he pursued his studies under the Hon. Ephraim K. Wilson, member of the Forty-fifth Congress, and now Associate Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland. Admitted to prac- tice in July, 1858, Mr. Milbourne remained in Snow Hill till the fall of 1861, when he removed to Cambridge, Dor- chester County, entering into partnership with Colonel James Wallace, who had raised a regiment and entered the Federal service. Ten years later the latter retired from practice, since which time Mr. Milbourne has practiced alone, his course having been attended from its commencement with very unusual success. He acted with the National Union party at the beginning of the war, and with the Republicans after the second election of Mr. Lin- coln; but his political views have always been moderate, and many of his warmest friends have been those of entirely opposite belief. He was often solicited to hold office, but always refused. Mr. Milbourne is a man of great versatility of talent, and an omnivorous reader. He has a fine miscellaneous library, one of the largest in the State, and as far as his large practice will permit is devoted to literary pursuits. He is generous and liberal in his dis- position, He was brought up under the influence of the Methodist Church, but his views have for some time been in accord with the Greek Catholic faith, He was married in October, 1868, to Grace, only daughter of Dr. J. C. Loomis, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Como (KWeARTSOCK, Rev. SAMUEL MITCHELL, a Minister a VW o of the Baltimore Conference, Methodist Episcopal <3 «= Church, was born in Monterey, Steuben County, a New York, November 23, 1838. His father, Sam- 3 uel Hartsock, was a native of Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, his birthplace being near Pittsburg. His 667 mother’s maiden name was Lydia Mitchell. She was a daughter of Robert Mitchell, of Tioga County, Pennsyl- vania. They had nine children, two sons and seven daughters, of whom seven, two sons and five daughters, are still living. Mr. Hartsock’s parents removed to Lib- erty Valley, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in 1850, at which place he attended school until he was sixteen years of age. He then went to Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Penn- sylvania, where he pursued the regular course of study of that institution. In his eighteenth year he joined the East Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and entered upon the work of the ministry, in which he has since labored with great earnestness and success. In the year 1868 he was stationed as Pastor at Jackson Square Methodist Episcopal Church, Baltimore, and after one year’s service there went to Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland, where he remained two years. He was then ‘transferred to Washington city as Pastor of Union Chapel of that city, and after completing his pastorate there went to Baltimore, where he served three years as Pastor of High Street Church, and for three years was stationed at Emory Church, He was then transferred to Franklin Street Church, Baltimore, where he is at present sta- tioned. He is identified with most of the temperance organizations of Baltimore, and in addition to his minis- terial labors has devoted much time in the advocacy of the temperance cause. He has been twice married, At the age of twenty-two he married Miss Mollie L. Knode, of Washington County, Maryland, who died in 1866, six years after their marriage. In 1868 he married Miss Mary E. Lewis, daughter of Jacob Lewis, of Frederick County, Maryland. Two children were the fruit of the last mar- riage, Jacob L. and Mary A. Hartsock. For several years Mr. Hartsock has been a member of the Masonic Order. ( ILLER, DanieL, Merchant, was born in Loudon p I a County, Virginia, July 7, 1812. His grandfather, aman of education, emigrated from Germany i prior to the Revolution, and settled in Loudon County, where he was for a long time highly re- spected and appreciated as ateacher of youth. His father with other patriotic Virginians came to assist in the defence of Baltimore in 1814. Daniel remained with his parents on their farm until he was about fourteen years of age, when his father having become embarrassed by reason of indorsing for a friend who went down in the commercial revolution succeeding the war, he, boy as he was, deter- mined to leave home and seek his own fortune. So one bright morning he started off walking cheerily with his bundle containing all his earthly possessions on his shoulder, and bound for Harper’s Ferry. Upon his arrival at that place he engaged as clerk in a country store at a nominal salary. Harper’s Ferry was then the centre of a very large trade and the rendezvous of all the gay young men of the 668 surrounding country. Alcoholic stimulants were the uni- versal beverage, and temperance societies were unknown. But the young clerk, under the influence of a pious mother, had resolved never to touch liquor nor tobacco in any shape, and although the temptation was ever before him he scru- pulously adhered to the resolution he had formed, and which to his dying day was unbroken, Never neglecting his duty to his employers he devoted all his spare time to the acquisition of useful knowledge, and produced such a favorable impression of his business capacity and integrity that before he was of age he was offered an interest ina mercantile establishment at Lovettsville. He accepted the offer, and in a short time bought out his partners and con- ducted the business successfully on his own account. It was here that he met his future wife, Miss Klein, with whom he was united at the age of twenty-four, In a very few years he became the leading merchant of that section of Virginia, and in 1842, at the urgent solicitation of his friends, he consented to become a candidate for the Legis- lature on the Whig ticket. He canvassed the district with his opponents, discussing with them the questions at issue, but refusing to resort to any of the usual appliances of candidates, while they spent money lavishly. He was elected by a large majority, the result thus vindicating his manly independence, In the Legislature, though a quiet member he was a most useful one, and through his influ- ence several measures of substantial importance to his con- stituents were enacted. In 1846, seeking a wider field of business activity, he removed to Baltimore and embarked in the drygoods trade. In conjunction with the late Mr. John Dallam he opened a small jobbing store at 304 Balti- more Street. They remained in that location until 1855, when Mr, Dallam was killed’ in the fearful collision on the Camden and Amboy Railroad. Mr. Miller then removed to 324 Baltimore Street, and in 1858 to 329, where the firm of Daniel Miller & Co. still remains. With ceaseless en- ergy he gave his entire time and attention to his business, which, beginning in 1847 with annual sales of eighty thousand dollars had increased at the time of his death to one and a quarter million dollars. In 1861 he was just beginning to reap the fruits of his hard labor when the war broke out, and all that had been accumulated by the patient toil of years was swept away, as it were, in a sin- gle day. These were times that tried men’s souls. Mer- cantile credit was not worth a rope of sand. The strong- est houses went down before the deadly blast of ruin that swept over the country, and many of the leading merchants, in utter despair, made no attempt to save themselves or their creditors, and drifted into hopeless bankruptcy. It was then that the character of Daniel Miller shone forth. Men cast in his mould were few and far between. The bulk of his assets lay in the seceded States, practically as far from his reach as if in the wilds of Africa. Declining all suggestions of compromise he set his face against the storm, and notified his creditors that with the blessing of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Providence every dollar of his indebtedness should be paid. He dissolved his partnership, and thenceforth he ad- dressed himself to the one aim of his life, which was to see the day when his entire liabilities should be honorably dis- charged; and he exacted of his children a solemn obliga- tion that in the event of his death they would consider themselves morally and religiously bound to fulfil his work. Dispensing with all the luxuries to which he had been ac- customed he worked hard and faithfully with unfaltering trust toaccomplish his purpose. As the notes of his firm matured he paid such part as he was able and renewed the balance, and in much less than five years he paid up four hundred and ninety-six thousand dollars, principal and in- terest, cancelling every obligation held against him. He described it as the happiest day of his life when he issued a circular to his creditors announcing his full resumption. During the late conflict Mr. Miller was ever foremost in as- sisting to relieve the wants of the prisoners confined at va- rious times in the city, and to mitigate the severities of the unhappy contest. No one welcomed the dawn of peace with more delight than he, and no one was quicker to de- vise ways and means for the restoration of some portion at least of its former prosperity to that section of the country which had suffered so much from the devastating effects of war. The Valley of Virginia, which had been fought over almost inch by inch had been made classic ground, indeed, but historic glory could not avail to feed nor shelter the starving, houseless people who called it home. Mr. Mil- ler was one of the most efficient promoters of the plan organized in Baltimore to make advances of money to the farmers of the valley to restock and seed their farms. As Treasurer of the Agricultural Aid Society he collected some seventy thousand dollars, which was thus distributed. Recognizing the prime necessity of currency and banking capital, it was mainly through his instrumentality that banks were established at Winchester, Harrisonburg, Staunton and Charlottesville, On his books there yet stood unpaid almost half a million dollars, most of it due by the people of Virginia, but forgiving them the debt he gave new cred- its to as many of his former customers as prudence and justice to himself would permit, thus enabling them to make a new Start in life. At this period he gave his sons an in- terest in his business, and afterwards principally employed himself in directing the operations of the house and in im- pressing upon them that the only honorable road to wealth was by industry and honesty. He assisted to organize and was the first President of the National Exchange Bank, a Director in the Eutaw Savings Bank, and a member of the Board of Trade. Mr. Miller was in active business up to the day of his death. On Saturday, July 23, 1870, al- though not entirely recovered from the fatigues of a recent business trip to Virginia, he expressed himself as having never felt better in his life. On Sunday he rose in his usual good health, On returning from church he com- plained of being unwell, and sent for his physician, who, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA.’ however, anticipated nothing serious, He retired at his usual hour-without any apprehensions, but suddenly at mid- night he sat up in bed, turned over, and expired without a groan. His funeral, which was largely attended, took place on the Wednesday following. The services were con- ducted by the Rev. Drs. Smith and Hamner, both of whom spoke most truly and feelingly of the great loss which the community had sustained in the death of sucha man. By his prudence, energy, and integrity, extending through a period of a quarter of a century, Daniel Miller succeeded in establishing one of the largest as well as most reliable and widely-known drygoods houses of Baltimore; and dying in the height of his prosperity he left the business and his priceless reputation in the hands of his sons, a double legacy, of which they may well be proud. Asa ‘citizen he was true; as a man full of tender sympathies; a friend whose counsel could always be relied upon; of decided views upon all subjects, yet never obtruding them unasked. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and teacher and Superintendent for years in the Sabbath- school. Of unbounded liberality, he contributed mainly to the building of the First Constitutional Presbyterian Church. In his habits he was thoroughly domestic. A loving husband and an intelligent father, his home was an abode of cheerfulness to his children, and a place where friends met a kindness not to be forgotten. In his business he was very decided, but at the same time affable and agreeable. He labored assiduously to have his business a model for others, and well did he succeed in his work. The large force under his employ were upon all proper occasions reminded that honesty and fair-dealing were the only true stepping-stones to success, and only on such a basis did he ever desire them to forward the interests of his business. In conclusion it may be sincerely said, that in every sphere of life he gave living evidence of his high moral and Christian character. To a work entitled Badtz- more, Past and Present, we are indebted for the foregoing sketch. In 1836 Mr. Miller married Miss Mary Ann Klein, of Loudon County, Virginia. They had five sons and one daughter, viz., John Madison, Margaret Elizabeth, who married James W. Easter, Henry Clay, Theodore Klein, William Reynolds, and Daniel, His two sons, Henry C. and Theodore K., continue the business under the old firm name of Daniel Miller & €o. His son William R. is a member of the well-known firm of Hurst, Miller & Co. All of his children are still living. Wa RADLEY, R. D., Inventor, was born in Federals- Say burg, Caroline County, Maryland, February 16, 1842. His father, John Bradley, was a skilled % and ingenious mechanic, and for half a century was a leading master builder. He was an original thinker, and noted for his modesty and strict integrity. 85 669 The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was a native of England. R. D. Bradley’s mother, a lady of vigorous intellect and exemplary Christian virtues, who is still living, was Miss Chloe Ann Dines, member of a large and influential family that fifty years ago were extensive landed proprietors in Dorchester County, Maryland. The Dines family removed to the then far West, and mcterially assisted in developing the section in which they located. Like the Bradleys they possessed rare inventive genius and con- structive skill. Mr. Bradley’s maternal ancestors were of French origin, and came to this country during the religious persecutions in France. In his early childhood Mr. Bradley developed habits of observation and thinking on subjects entirely remote from the minds of other lads of his age, which isolated him from them and made him the victim of rough treatment and much persecution from his boyish companions, to such an extent as to induce him at the age of eleven years to run away from school and home in order to find relief from such annoyances. After a few weeks’ absence he was found by his father and sent back to school. His continual dread of the boys and great dis- taste for books or study caused him to play truant, and to spend much of his time in the woods and on the river- bank. During his truant hours his mechanical ingenuity displayed itself in the construction of miniature boats, mills, wheels, pumps, etc. When he quit school finally, at fourteen years of age, he possessed but little book knowledge, and in fact never manifested any inclination for study until about a month prior to the close of his school days, when he experienced a sudden change in this respect, and thenceforward felt a keen longing for knowl- edge. Shortly after leaving school he was engaged in a subordinate capacity on a vessel trading in the Choptank River, of which he soon became Captain. He was thus employed for two years, during which time he invented and constructed a swinging saloon for passenger travel, but which he soon neglected on account of its impracticability. This is the identical invention recently brought out by Mr. Bessemer, of England, who after spending a million of “dollars thereon has also declared it impracticable. Mr. Bradley next entered into the millwright and machinery business, which he prosecuted with success for several years. On the breaking out of the civil war he tendered his services in defence of the Union, and was commissioned by Governor Hicks as First Lieutenant and assigned to the duty of recruiting and organizing the State forces. In 1862 and 1863 he served as Captain under General Golds- borough, who was then in command on the Eastern Shore. He was prompt, faithful, and efficient in the discharge of all the duties thus required of him. In 1865 Mr. Bradley became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in the following year was licensed to preach the Gospel. He spent several years in the travelling ministry, princi- pally beyond the Mississippi River. Failure of health necessitated his retirement from active religious work, and 670 returning to Maryland he renewed his investigations and experiments in science and invention, The achievement to which he has mainly directed his studies and ingenuity is the discovery of a process for generating a motive gas from water and the invention of machinery for utilizing it. This motive power is economical, compact, easily managed, and safe, and therefore must supersede steam and other dangerous forces. This invention is the out- growth of logical deductions from the results of experi- ments in physical science. Not only has the inventor shown a knowledge of and regard for the laws of dynam- ics, but has also incorporated into his novel method a system essentially different from any, hitherto known, es- tablishing a new era in motive power. His invention has received patents from the United States Government, Canada, Great Britain, the German Empire, Italy, France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Brazil, and the Australian Colonies. The new motive power has been fairly tested for about two years, and in stationary and marine engines its success has been abundantly demonstrated. In politics Mr. Bradley adheres to the doctrines of the National Republican party, and regards a strong centralized system of government as essential to the perpetuity of the American Union. Decem- ber 24, 1866, he married Miss Mary Catharine Noble, a lady of Quaker lineage, and a member of a large and respect- able family of Maryland and Delaware. and three daughters. He has one son Bos Hon. ODEN, Ex-Governor, President of the Si} Baltimore and Potomac Railroad and the Balti- b more City Passenger Railway companies, was ie born at “ Fairview,” Prince George’s County, Mary- P land, November 10, 1826. His parents were Hon. William D. and Eliza (Oden) Bowie, the former of Scotch and the latter of English descent. Both families were among the early settlers of the State. William D. Bowie was an intelligent and highly respected planter. He rep- resented Prince George’s County for several terms in the House of Delegates, and was six years a member of the State Senate. Mr. Bowie lost his mother when nine years of age, and soon after was placed in the Preparatory De- partment of St. John’s College, Annapolis. He afterward entered St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, from which he graduated in July, 1845. The following year he enlisted for the Mexican war as a private in the Battalion of Mary- land and District of Columbia Volunteers under Colonel William H. Watson, who was killed at the battle of Mon- terey, dying in the arms of Lieutenant Bowie, he having been promoted, and was the only officer left with Colonel Watson at the time of his death. His gallantry in that battle secured him the appointment as Senior Captain of the Voltigeurs Regiment, one of the ten regiments added to the regular army, and made a new branch of the ser- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. vice. Shortly after his promotion Captain Bowie was obliged to resign his commission on account of a disease he had contracted peculiar to that ciimate. In 1847, when only twenty-one years of age, he was elected to the House of Delegates, and such was his popularity that he was re- turned for several terms. In 1860 he was elected Presi- dent of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, a position requiring executive talent of the highest order. In that responsible office, which he still fills, he has won a national reputation as one of the ablest business men of the country. In 1864 he was a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, with the venerable Judge Chambers for Governor, but the ticket was defeated. In 1867 he represented Prince George’s County in the State Senate, serving till the Constitutional Convention of that year. In November, 1867, he was elected Governor, but in consequence of the provision of the new Constitution allowing Governor Swann to serve out the full term of four years for which he had been elected, Governor Bowie did not enter upon the executive duties until January, 1869. In October, 1873, Governor Bowie was elected President of the Baltimore City Pas- senger Railway Company, his predecessor, Henry Tyson, having accepted the Vice-Presidency of the Erie Rail- road. Here Governor Bowie’s executive abilities have been exhibited in the wise and successful management of that corporation, by which the arrearages on the City Park Tax Fund of over one hundred thousand dollars have been paid, and the value of the stock raised from fifteen to thirty-five per cent. flourishing condition. The company is now in a most Governor Bowie is a gentleman of comprehensive views and excellent judgment, accomplish- ing all he undertakes with facility and ease. This is seen in the fact that while he is the executive head of two great corporations, which he manages with consummate skill and success, he still finds time for healthful recreation and to indulge his taste for fine horses and his fondness for the sports of the turf. Since its organization he has been President of the Maryland Jockey Club. Governor Bowie has always been identified with the Democratic party in politics, and is a member of the Episcopal Church. He married Miss Alice Carter, a descendant on her mother’s side of Lord Baltimore. They have seven children living. Z Oise Hon. WILLIAM FELL, Ex-Judge of the United NO States District Court of Maryland, was born in S Harford County, Maryland, April 8, 1807. He received his education at the private academy of % David W. Boyseau, a celebrated teacher of his day, and the Bel Air Academy, then in charge of Rev. George Morrison. In 1826 he commenced the study of law under the instructions of the late Judge John Purviance. In 1829 he was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1837 he was elected to the Maryland OER. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Legislature as 1 Democrat from Baltimore city; and in 1840 was re-elected. May 25, 1846, he delivered the ad- dress at the dedication of the Odd Fellows’ Hall in Wash- ington; and in 1851 an address before the Maryland In- stitute on the “ Hungarian Revolution.” In May, 1856, he was selected to make the address of welcome to Presi- dent Buchanan on the occasion of his public reception in Baltimore. On the decease of Judge Glenn Mr. Giles was appointed by President Pierce United States District Judge for Maryland. After his elevation to the bench Judge Giles scrupulously refrained from taking any active part in politics, For more than thirty years he was an officer of the Maryland State Colonization Society; and for twenty years one of the Commissioners of the State for removing such of the free people of color to Liberia as chose to go there. He was for many years an Elder of the Presby- terian Church. He has been twice married; first, in 1831, to Miss Sarah Wilson, of Baltimore, a sister of Mrs. J. Harmon Brown. His second wife was Miss Catharine Donaldson, daughter of Dr, William Donaldson. Judge Giles died March 21, 1879, leaving four children, three sons and a daughter. He was a man of distinguished ability and lofty character. View UME, THomas Levi, was born in Culpepper 5 W : County, Virginia, October 24, 1838. He was the ve" second of twelve children, all of whom were fp living up to 1860. His father, Charles Hume, re- moved from Virginia to Washington during Polk’s administration, and resided in that city until his death in 1862. His mother, Virginia (Rawlings) Hume, was a first cousin of the late distinguished General Rawlings, Secre- tary of War under President Grant’s first administration. Both his paternal and maternal ancestors came from Eng- land. Shortly after the removal of Thomas’s parents to Washington he was placed in the Preparatory Department of Columbia College, District of Columbia, then presided over by Zalmon Richards. He attended the college until 1854, when he left to take a position with Jesse Wilson, a grocer. Thomas was now sixteen years of age, and since that time he has had the making of his fortune in his own hands. After two years spent with Jesse Wilson he was given a clerkship in the large grocery house of Edward Hall. While holding this position he was noted for punc- tuality, strict devotion to rules of business, manliness, and integrity. In 1860 he had entire control of Hall’s busi- ness, and in 1864 he became a partner with Mr. Hall, the firm thereby becoming Hall & Hume, and so continued until 1866, when, by the death of Mr. Hall, the entire management of the large business passed into the hands of Mr. Hume, Mr. Hall’s widow retaining her interest in the firm, which was purchased in 1872, and the house still con- tinued as Hall & Hume, though Mr. Hume had entire 671 control. In 1874 he associated with himself James K. Cleary; and in January, 1878, Henry F. Davis purchased an interest in the business, and the firm became known as Hume, Davis & Co., and so continued until January, 1879, when Mr. Davis’s interest was bought, and the firm is now known under the title of Hume, Cleary & Co. Mr. Hume was married April 30, 1866, to Miss Nannie G., only child of Adolphus H. Pickrell, Esq., 2 wealthy and influential citizen of Georgetown, District of Columbia. He has always been a member of the Episcopal Church, though his parents were of Baptist stock. At present he is a ves- tryman of the Ascension Church, and contributed gener- ously to aid Bishop Pinkney in its erection. Until re- cently Mr. Hume was a Director of the Second National Bank (Washington) ; his duties being onerous, necessitated his resignation. He is one of the Fire Commissioners of the District of Columbia, also a Trustee of the new Episcopal school for young ladies, about to be built at Rock Creek Church grounds. He belongs to the Order of Knights Templar, and is a member of Commandery No. 1. In 1862 Mr. Hume’s father died, and upon him devolved the sup- port of his mother and seven children. With character- istic filial and brotherly affection he performed what he considered his duty, and he did it eminently well, giving to each of his brothers and sisters a good education, and rendering them every assistance in his power. Besides his city residence in Washington Mr. Hume owns a beautiful country place called “ Tunlaw.”” Here during the summer months he spends his time with his devoted and accom- plished wife and children, dispensing a generous hospi- tality to his friends, and helping those who need aid, for his kindness is without limit. On his farm he has some of the finest Jersey cattle in the United States. Mr. Hume is a cultivated, well-bred man, of fine personal appearance, six feet in stature, has black hair, hazel eyes, and wears a dark- brown mustache, dresses elegantly but neatly, and has an abundance of this world’s goods, which he uses to the best possible advantage. He is emphatically a self-made man. His popularity, his integrity, his devotion to principle, need no comment from his biographers. more November 30, 1840. His father was James Fe M. Stevenson, M.D., who for forty years has been a “'? prosperous physician in Baltimore, and his grandfather $ was John Stevenson, a native of Ireland, who came to America in 1815 and settled in Kentucky, where he purchased extensive tracts of land on the Ohio River, about seventy miles from Cincinnati. He died an octo- genarian in 1857. The latter’s father was Henry Steven- son, a native of Scotland. Dr. John Stevenson, the uncle of Dr. John M. Stevenson, was a very prominent physician of Baltimore, where he practiced for fifty years, and 1G TEVENSON, Joun M., M.D., was born in Balti- >) 672 his uncle, Henry Stevenson, was an extensive grain mer- chant of that city. Dr. John Metzer Stevenson, the sub- ject of this sketch, was placed at the age of nine years at the Wilbraham Academy, near Springfield, Massachusetts, and graduated therefrom in the fourteenth year of his age, when he was appointed a midshipman in the United States Navy. At the expiration of a year, not fancying a seafaring life, he resigned from the navy and entered the Medical School of Yale College, where he remained two years, and then returned to his native city. After a residence of two years in Illinois he commenced the study of medicine in his father’s office and that of Professor Nathan R. Smith, and graduated from the Maryland University in the spring of 1861. Soon afterward he was appointed Surgeon in the United States Army, and assigned to Annapolis. Three months thereafter Governor Bradford appointed him Sur- geon of the Third Maryland Infantry, in which position he served for two years, participating in all the engage- ments of the Valley of Virginia, of Maryland, and at Get- tysburg, where he received a serious wound, which inca- pacitated him for duty four weeks. After convalescing he was placed in charge of McKim Hospital, near Baltimore, where he remained until January, 1864. He was then as- signed to the Third Maryland Cavalry, which was ordered to New Orleans by steamship. The small-pox appeared: in the vessel, but by proper preventive and quarantine precautions he prevented its introduction into that city through the medium of those over whom he had profes- sional charge. The doctor participated in the various en- gagements in the Mississippi region, and was at the capture of Fort Gaines, Spanish Fort, and the city of Mobile. At the conclusion of the war he returned to Baltimore and renewed the private practice of his profession, in which he continued successfully until his death. He was a mem- ber of the Medico-Chirurgical Association of Maryland, and the medical societies of Baltimore, before which he read several valuable papers on professional subjects. He was a Knight Templar in the Order of Masons, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. November 1, 1867, he married Miss Lizzie Rider, daughter of Edward Rider, an English gentleman who came to America about 1818, and settled in Baltimore County on the line of the North- ern Central Railroad, where he purchased extensive tracts of land. Dr. Stevenson died in the spring of 1879, leaving two sons, Allen and Burton Stevenson Cron. | Epwarp J., M.D., was born near Balti- N more, December 22, 1813. His father, Edward ae ~Chaisty, a native of Ireland, settled in Baltimore in : 1811, where his mother, also a native of that country, had preceded him a few years. They married in Bal- timore in 1811. Mr. Chaisty was a man of heroic fortitude, sparkling humor, spotless integrity, and possessed of natural BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. powers of oratory. His mother was a lady of remarkable beauty, of poetic taste, and kind in her maternal relations. In the war of 1812 Mr. Chaisty furnished the material from which the cannon was cast for the defence of his adopted country. He aided in the construction of the «Six Gun Battery,” that rendered such signal service in saving Baltimore in 1814. After an academic preparation the subject of this sketch entered St.-Mary’s College in 1827, from which he graduated with high honors in 1832. He remained three years in that institution after graduating in the capacity of Preceptor in English and Latin Litera- ture, Geography, and the higher branches of Mathematics. At the expiration of the above time he commenced the study of medicine. He matriculated at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in 1835, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1837, having been for a portion of his student life a pupil in the office of Professor Nathan R. Smith. Shortly after receiving his diploma he was ap- pointed by the Faculty of the University Demonstrator of Anatomy therein. During the two years he held that po- sition Dr. Chaisty published a revised edition of a standard work on dissection, with many valuable alterations and amendments, that were highly approved as beneficial to the medical student, and which received from the medical jour- nals of the country the most laudatory commendations. Upon retiring from the position of Demonstrator Dr. Chaisty entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he has been actively and successfully engaged to the present time. To Dr. Chaisty belongs the honor of the first successful operation in this country for the removal of ovarian tumor. In 1842 he was selected by the alumni of the University of Maryland to deliver an address before its association. His theme was “ The Merit and Dignity of the Medical Profession,” and the discourse was regarded as a masterly, chaste, and classical production. The doctor has always taken an earnest and active part in all movements for the relief of Irishmen who have been driven to our shores by want or political oppression, and also in behalf of the great repeal movements in Ireland from 1840 to 1846. In 1854 he was elected to the command of the Union Guards, and a few years later he was selected as the leader of the Shields Guards. In 1847 Dr. Chaisty was appointed ‘by Mayor Jacob G. Davies Health Commissioner of Balti- more, which position he held under that gentleman’s administration and also under that of his successor, Mayor Elijah Stansbury. In 1867 he was elected by the Demo- cratic party to represent the city of Baltimore in the Legis- lature of Maryland; in 1871 and in 1875 the same honor was conferred upon him. During the terms for which he served in the Legislature he was on some of the most im- portant committees, such as “ Federal Relations,” “ Edu- cation,” “ Claims,” “ Printing,” “ Library,” etc., faithfully and ably discharging his duties as a representative. Dr. Chaisty’s wife was Miss Anne McEnery, a native of Lim- erick, Ireland. He has had four children, one only of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. whom survives, Colonel Edward J. Chaisty, who occupies an important official position in one of the Baltimore courts. Few men surpass Dr. Chaisty in scholarly attain- ments, patriotic devotion, integrity, professional skill, and benevolence. SFRREDAMS, SAMUEL H., Contractor and Builder, was CAN: born, January 24, 1827, near Norfolk, Virginia. 7 Having received an excellent education in public G and private schools, he at the age of twelve years was apprenticed to Joseph Nutt, a carpenter of Cumberland, Maryland, to which place his family had re- moved after the death of his father, which occurred in 1833. He remained with Mr. Nutt for the term of six years, and in 1845 went to Baltimore, where he worked as a journeyman for various employers, including the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad Company at its Mount Clare works. In 1848, in the twenty-first year of his age, he commenced business on his own account. In 1851 he formed a copartnership with his brother, John F. Adams, under the firm name of S. H. Adams & Brother. In 1854 this partnership was dissolved, each brother conducting business successfully on his individual account until 1860, when they reunited under their present firm name, S. H. & J. F. Adams. Whilst conducting business on his own account, Samuel, in addition to numerous other build- ings, erected St. John’s Catholic Church, corner of Eager and Valley streets, and the Infant Asylum, corner of Town- send and Division streets. In conjunction with his brother he has built many elegant and valuable structures in Phila- delphia, Chicago, Washington, Richmond, and other cities. Among the first contracts of the Adams Brothers were the court-houses in Chestertown and Frederick, Maryland. They have had many large contracts with railroad com- panies. ,They built all the roundhouses and shops at Mount Vernon, the extensive buildings on North Centre and Monument streets, and the fine structure on Calvert and Centre streets, in which are the Baltimore offices of the Northern Central Railroad Company. They were also the builders of the roundhouses for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company at the foot of Eutaw Street and Riverside, Spring Garden, and at Keyser, formerly New Creek. They built the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad depot at Washington, District of Columbia, as also the new freight depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, corner of Carpenter and Broad streets, Philadelphia. They remodelled the passenger depot for the same road in that city. They have built various im- portant structures other than those mentioned, including the Mount Hope Insane Asylum, six miles from Baltimore, the Convent of Notre Dame, the Spiller Building, a row of marble-front warehouses on Charles near Fayette Street, the Carrollton Hotel, the Correspondent Building, the Union Bank, in Baltimore, etc., and houses in Chicago, Illi- 673 nois. Samuel Adams was appointed a member of the Build- ing Committee for the erection of the Baltimore City Hall. He has been a Director for several years in the National Union Bank of Baltimore. In political sentiment he is a Democrat, and his religious views are in accord with the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. His wife was Miss Mary A. Logue, of Baltimore. They have six chil- dren. 5 SARLDAMS, Joun F., Contractor and Builder, was born DN: at Ellicott’s Mills, Maryland, January 30, 1829. it His parents were John and Ann Adams, His tt father emigrated from Ireland in 1820, and was for J many years a successful contractor and builder of public works. His mother’s maiden name was Ann Kuhn. She was a native of Adams County, Pennsylvania, and of German descent. Her father, Henry Kuhn, was a miller, and a highly respected citizen of that county, who subse- quently became a prominent miller of Richmond, Virginia. After the death of Mr. Adams’s father, which occurred in 1833, the family removed to Cumberland, Maryland. Mr. Adams was then four years of age. At an early age, not from necessity, but choice, he relied upon his own resources for support, and his life having therefore been one of con- stant toil and business activity, his educational advantages were very limited. For some time he worked in a brick- yard, and in his fourteenth year was engaged in running a steam-engine in the first planing-mill of Bell & Hendrick- son, at Cumberland. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the carpenter business with William McClelland, and served three and a half years. In 1849 he left Cumberland and went to Baltimore, where he worked at the carpenter trade as a journeyman until 1851, when he entered into a co- partnership with his brother, Samuel H. Adams, under the firm name of S. H. Adams and Brother. This partnership continued until 1854, when it was dissolved by mu- tual consent. Each then conducted business on his own account until 1860, when they reunited under their present firm name, S. H. & J. F. Adams. Since unit- ing with his brother in 1860 his firm has attained a wide reputation and has been awarded contracts in various parts of the country. Numerous monuments of their supe- rior skill and workmanship are to be found in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Chicago, Washington, Richmond, and other cities. They have built for railroad companies some of the largest and finest passenger and freight depots and exten- sive shops and roundhouses in the country, and have erected many large and imposing business structures, mag- nificent bank and hotel buildings, conspicuous among which is the Carrollton Hotel of Baltimore, one of the finest buildings of the kind in the United States. In the preceding sketch of Mr. Samuel H. Adams, brother of the subject of this sketch, is an account of the varied 674 and extensive work accomplished by this firm. Mr. John F. Adams has paid particular attention to the purchasing of material and the superintending of all work, while his brother devotes his attention to the financial and soliciting department. By such division of labor and co-operative effort they have been able to achieve the great success which has attended their business career. In politics Mr. Adams is « Democrat, and in religion 4 member of the Roman Catholic Church. He married Miss Virginia Ross, of Balti- more, and has five children living: Charles W., T. Ira, Mary Alice, John F., Jr., and William A, Adams, cn. aw Av) URNS, SAmueEL, Lumber Merchant, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, March 2, 1822. His father, "5G Francis Burns, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, was “TY brought to this country by his parents when but six } years of age, landing in Philadelphia. In 1818 he removed to Baltimore, where he followed the brick business till 1860, when he retired. He had six sons and four daughters, all of whom married young. The eldest, Wil- liam F. Burns, succeeded his father in'the brick business, but also retired in 1869. He is now President of the Peo- ple’s Gas Company and of the Eutaw Savings Bank of Baltimore. At the age of fifteen Samuel Burns entered the employ of Coates & Glenn, lumber merchants, with whom he remained till the spring of 1843, when he formed a partnership with George F. Sloan in the same business. This continued till the death of the latter in 1866, when he formed a new partnership with his son on Light Street Wharf. This house was also dissolved February 18, 1878, and Mr. Burns has since conducted the business alone at 104 Light Street. He was married, November 17, 1846, to a daughter of James Wilks, then a prominent hardware merchant of Baltimore, and has five daughters: Mary K., who married Richard C. Wilson in 1870; Kate Wilks, married John D, Oakford in 1876; E. Grace, Clem K., and Jennie Burns, are the remaining children. Two broth- ers of Mr. Burns, Frank, Jr., and Findley H. Burns, are doing an extensive business as members of the wholesale grocery firm of Wilson, Burns & Co., on the corner of Howard and Lombard streets, Baltimore. yo Witt1am THEOpoRE, M.D., was born in AX Annapolis, Maryland, June 3, 1824. He is the only son of Martin F. and Mary Elizabeth (Wor- ie rell) Revell. He received his education at St. John’s College, and then entered upon the study of medi- cine in the office of Dr. Edward Sparks, of Annapolis. In 1847 he graduated at the Maryland University and settled in the practice of his profession in the Third District of Anne Arundel County, continuing therein from 1847 to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. 1875, and enjoying during that period a large practice. In the latter year he was elected Register of Wills in Anne Arundel County for the term of six years. In political sentiment Dr. Revell is attached to the Democratic party, and his religious convictions are in accord with the Roman Catholic Church. July 28, 1853, he married Miss Rhoda Chairs, and has eight children living. His eldest son, Henry M. T. Revell, attended St. John’s College, and after studying medicine in his father’s office, graduated at the Maryland University in the spring of 1876. WW: ONES, GreorcE PERRY, M.D., was born in Somerset i e County (now Wicomico), October 19, 1838. He is the son of B. D. Jones, a farmer of Quantico ¢, District. He served in the State Assembly of Mary- land for several terms. The grandfather of Dr. Jones, Benjamin IJ. Jones, was of Tyaskin District. He was an officer of the war of 1812, and distinguished himself in the attack on the British at Green Hill and White Haven, on the Wicomico River. Captain Jones was « Royal Arch Mason. He died in the eighty-eighth year of his age. Dr. Jones’s mother was Maria S., daughter of Thomas Jones, of Somerset County. She died in 1854. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was noted for her piety and culture. George attended school in Quantico, Wicomico County, until fourteen years of age, when he entered Washington Academy, Princess Anne County, where he remained until his twentieth year, and then com- menced the teaching of school near Salisbury, and at the same time read medicine under the direction of Dr. John M. Dashield. He matriculated at the University of Mary- land School of Medicine in 1863, and graduated therefrom in March, 1865. He commenced the practice of medicine in Bucktown, Dorchester County, and removed in 1869 to East New Market, where he has ever since devoted him- self to his profession. He joined the Masonic fraternity in 1866, and has filled all the chairs of the Blue Lodge. He was Master of his lodge, ‘‘ Choptank,” No. 38, for two terms. He became a member of. the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1870, and has filled the office of steward therein. He is a Director in the East New Market Navigation Company. Dr. Jones is of a generous disposition, and contributes liberally to benevolent enterprises. In Novem- ber, 1867, he married Miss Williamanna, daughter of Colo- nel George E. Austin, of Dorchester County. He has four children, three sons and one daughter. 49) 2, oS Wi RACE, Hon. WILiiAM, Lawyer and Legislator, | was born in Alleghany County, Maryland, in 1850. & he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Cum- berland City at the age of twenty-one. He devoted After a thorough course in the English and classics himself to the duties of his profession and the interests of LY, oe f/ r i fb 7 q L yD , q to) pn = /4 of ) Z ‘im yp yyy Ce t Of cur y f BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. his clients with so much zeal and ability that he rapidly rose to a prominent position at the bar of Cumberland, and in 1873, when only twenty-three years of age, was nominated as a Representative to the House of Delegates on the Demo- cratic ticket, and elected by a handsome majority. He took an active interest in the legislation of that session, and gained considerable popularity by his devotion to the interests of his constituents. In 1877 he was returned to the House of Delegates, in which he was at once recognized as one of\its most prominent and influential and efficient members. He is a gentleman of pleasing address, and of decided legal abilities. \ 0 England, April 2, 1823. His mother was of Eng- x lish birth, while his father, Owen Griffith Owens, ; wasanative of Wales. His grandfather’s name was { Griffith Owens. His parents removed to the United States in 1826, and after residing ten years in Baltimore settled permanently in Philadelphia, their son receiving his education in the best schools of these cities. In his six- teenth year his father, desiring that he should study medi- cine, placed him under Dr. Samuel Jackson, a well-known druggist and physician; but his passion for the stage had already begun to discover itself, and in a short time he made his debut at the National Theatre of that city, then under the management of the late William E. Burton, Mistaking, however, the direction of his talents, and at- tempting to succeed in tragedy, his course was for some time anything but promising. Indeed, it was the immod- erate laughter his attempts provoked that first suggested to the keen-witted Burton the idea that he might succeed as a comic character, in which his first appearance proved a decided “hit,’’ and the piece had arun of four weeks. At its close Mr. Owens was offered and accepted an engage- ment at the Holliday Street Theatre, Baltimore, after which he was recalled to Philadelphia by Mr. Burton. In 1846 he became joint Manager of the Baltimore Museum, of which, assuming the sole control in the succeeding year, he soon elevated to a recognized position among the first- class theatres of the country. He also directed or con- trolled at different periods a number of theatres in other cities. Retiring from the management of the Museum in 1852 in independent circumstances, he purchased a mag- nificent estate of several hundred acres in the immediate vicinity of Baltimore. To the care of this estate, on which he still resides when not professionally engaged, he at- tempted for a short time to devote himself, but his restless activity and enterprise soon drove him back to more en- grossing pursuits, In June, 1852, he sailed for the third or fourth time to Europe, and, declining a flattering offer in London, made an extensive tour of the Continent and ascended Mont Blanc, On his return to this country he inaugurated his celebrated Mont Blanc exhibition, a dra- WENS, Joun E., Comedian, was born in Liverpool, 675 matic pictorial and descriptive entertainment, in which he found a wide field for the exercise of his unequalled powers of mimicry and his subtle sense of the humorous and ludi- crous. In New York it had a run of one hundred and fourteen nights, and frequently crowds were unable to gain admittance. From that period to the present Mr. Owens has stood at the head of his profession, “ starring” it with brilliant success from New Orleans to Boston. His inim- itable personation of Solon Shingle is universally conceded to be one of the most perfect which has ever graced the stage of any country. There is scarcely a single character which he essays in which he does not prove his superiority over the most, if not all, of his rivals, seizing upon indi- vidual points with the conscious power of genius, and con- trasting their shades of humor with wonderful fidelity and delicacy. He is justly considered to be far above any comedian now on the American stage. In all that he does or meditates he has the fullest sympathy and fellowship of his charming wife, who accompanies him on his tours and lends the most gracious help to all the hospitalities of their lovely home. Having no children of their own, Mr. and Mrs. Owens have long since concentrated their affections on the children of Mrs. Warden, the comedian’s sister, to whom they have performed the part of guardians and pro- tectors in a most generous manner. ooo, IRVING M., Machinist, San Francisco, Cali- ity) fornia, was born, December 25, 1837, at Hebron * Mills, Baltimore County, Maryland. He is the CG son of John and Elizabeth Littig Scott (see biog- raphy of John Scott). His primary education was obtained at the public schools in the country, after which he attended ‘* Milton Academy,” John Emerson Lamb, Principal. He then took instruction in drawing at the Mechanics’ Institute, Baltimore city. Having a taste for mechanical art he decided to become a machinist, and for this purpose engaged to work with Obed Hussey, and sub- sequently with Murray & Hazelhurst at their extensive works on Federal Hill, Baltimore city. While thus em- ployed, on the recommendation of his employers he went to San Francisco, California, with Peter Donahue, in 1860, to superintend a machine establishment in that city. His intelligence, skill, and energy were soon manifested, and secured him a partnership in the firm of Prescott, Scott & Co., Union Iron Works, in San Francisco. Mr. Scott has been the General Superintendent of these works for about twenty years. He is now one-third owner. This firm employs about six hundred men, and do a business of two millions of dollars annually. Mr. Scott is conceded to be the best mechanical engineer on the Pacific Coast, and is an accepted authority on metallurgical machinery. He, in connection with James G. Fair and William H. Patton, designed all the principal hoisting, pumping, milling, and 676 refining machinery of the Comstock Lode. He is Presi- dent of the Mechanics’ Institute, having been twice elected to that position. He delivered an address at the opening of its last exhibition, which the press of San Francisco commended, and called special attention to the philosophi- cal truths worthy of consideration tersely expressed in the following words of the address: “The nation’s in- terests will be safe with the mechanics, who have been taught to take the crude materials and shape them into a harmonious whole; taught to construct, taught to build up, taught to accomplish; trained to direct their energies in one direction for a common purpose; for they will take this discipline with them into the council chambers, and prove that the strength of the republic rests with the producers.”” Though the managing head of an extensive business establishment, Mr. Scott’s tastes have led him to cultivate literature, science, and the arts. For three terms he was elected President of the ‘‘ Howard Literary So- ciety,’ and of the ‘* Addison Literary Society”’ two terms. He is President of the “Art Association,” having been elected twice; is one of the regents of the “ University of California,” and one of the perpetual trustees of the “Free Library of San Francisco.” As might have been expected such a man could hardly avoid being drawn into public life. For three terms he has been elected President of the “ Young Men’s Republican Club.””’ He was nomi- nated for the State Senate, and led the Republican ticket, but was defeated by the “Dolly Vardens.” He was also nominated for the Constitutional Convention, but was de- feated by the “ Kearney” element. He has since been prominently mentioned as a Republican candidate for Govy- ernor of California. Mr. Scott is a fluent and forcible speaker, and always commands the respect and attention of his audiences. The estimate in which he is held by his fellow-citizens as a man of intelligence and discretion has been evidenced in several marked instances. He was one of the Committee of One Hundred to protect the in- terest of San Francisco from the exactions of the railroad companies. He was a member of the Committee of Safety’ during the riots of 1877, and was one of the Executive Committee who did the work of organization and quelling the disturbances without bloodshed. He has twice been a member of the Taxpayers’ Convention to nominate city officers irrespective of party. His active benevolence finds many worthy objects, especially in the ‘ Boys’ and Girls’ Aid Society of San Francisco,” of which he was one of the founders and a liberal supporter. His paternal ancestors were of the Society of Friends. His father and brother George are now preachers of that Society. His mother is a Methodist, as were her ancestors. He is an active and influential member of the First Congregational Church of San Francisco, of which the Rev. Dr. Stone is pastor. In 1863 Mr. Scott married Laura, daughter of John R. Horde, of Covington, Kentucky. Their children are Alice, Webb, and Lawrence. Mr. Scott’s generosity extends not BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. only to his family and family connections, but many others have found in him a friend ever ready to aid the deserv- ing and assist those who manfully struggle against ad- verse circumstances. His imposing mansion on Ricon- hill, No. 507 Harrison Street, is a model of good taste and luxury, elegant without display, and perfect in all its ap- pointments. Mr. Scott is in the full vigor of mature man- hood, and gives promise of still greater prominence and usefulness yet to come. WARITTY, C. IrvinG, Attorney-at-law, was born, Sep- a tember 26, 1838, at Dryad Hill, West River, Anne j Arundel County, Maryland. His father, George ® T. Ditty, of Virginia, settled on West River, Anne Arundel County, and married Harriet, daughter of Benjamin Winterson, of that county. The fruits of this union were seven children, four of whom died in infancy : S. Annabella, married Jacob W. Bird; Edwin A. Ditty, and C. Irving, the subject of this sketch. His father died leaving a widow and three small children. His mother, who was a woman of intelligence and great executive ability, reared and educated the family from a small estate left by her husband without impairing the principal. Mr, Ditty is of English descent on both parental and maternal sides. On the father’s side he is a lineal descendant from Sir Jere- miah Jacob, who came to Maryland with Lord Baltimore. Captain Jacob, who served in the Revolutionary Army in Smallwood’s brigade of the Maryland Line, and who wrote the Life of Cresap, and also Ex-Governor John Jeremiah Jacob, of West Virginia, were descendants of Sir Jeremiah Jacob. Mr. Ditty’s father had two brothers, Samuel, who died young, leaving one son, Thomas H. Ditty, now living in Anne Arundel County; the other brother, Dr. Thomas R. Ditty, of Westmoreland County, Virginia, married Miss Payne, of that county, and had one daughter, who married John Manning, of Prince George’s County, Maryland. Dr. Ditty was a man of prominence, represented his county in the Legislature, and held various public positions. C. Irving Ditty received his primary education at the district schools of the county and afterwards at West River Classical In- stitute. In 1854 he entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was graduated in the class of 1857. In September of the same year he entered as a student of law in the office of Hon. Robert J. Brent, of Baltimore, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1859. Mr. Ditty was engaged in the practice of his profession until the outbreak of the late civil war, when he at once entered the Confed- erate Army as a private in the cavalry, and served until the close of the war, passing through all grades up to the rank of captain. After serving under Hunton and others at Leesburg and Romney, his company was ordered to join Colonel (afterwards General) J. E. B. Stewart at Win- chester, and was engaged in the battle of Manassas, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. July, 1861, and thereafter in nearly every important battle of the Army of Northern Virginia. The first year of the war his company formed part of the First Virginia Cavalry. The second year he joined the First Maryland Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Colonel Ridgley Brown, and con- tinued with this regiment till the close of the war. After the death by wounds received in battle of Captain Augustus F. Schwartze, of Baltimore County, Captain Ditty suc- ceeded to the command of Company F of that regiment. This company was armed, mounted, and equipped by its officers. On the surrender of ee at Appomattox Court- house the First Maryland Cavalry with a considerable part of Fitz-Lee Division, under command of General Mum- ford, broke the Federal lines and did not surrender with the rest of the army, but formed in line of battle on the Lynchburg road. Late in the afternoon the cavalry was attacked by a large force of Federal cavalry, which was promptly checked by a charge of the First Maryland. This was the last blow struck by the Army of Northern Virginia. They then retired to Lynchburg. Captain Ditty with a por- tion of the First Maryland then started to join General Johnston in North Carolina, but after a few days learned that Johnston had surrendered. During the war, at the battle at Old Church, Hanover County, Virginia, in 1864, Captain Ditty was severely wounded. After the close of the war he returned to Baltimore, and in October, 1865, re- sumed the practice of law, in which he is still engaged. In 1868 he married Sophia L., daughter of Henry Schwartze, and sister of the before-mentioned Captain Augustus F. Schwartze, of Baltimore County. Their children are Augus- ta Fredericka, Sophia Leypold, Henry Schwartze, George Irving, and Roberta Lee. In 1872 Mr. Ditty removed to “Irvington,” a property on which he has expended large sums of money in grading lots and streets, building houses, etc. This property is beautifully located near Loudon Park, a short distance from Baltimore City, accessible by railroad half-hourly. Politically Mr. Ditty came of old Whig stock, but cast his first vote for Breckenridge and Lane, because he could not affiliate with the American party, and was Southern in his sympathies. He condemned the policy, but believed in the right of secession. Hence when the war broke out he was true to his convictions and went into the field to fight for them. From 1865 to 1875 Mr. Ditty took no active part in politics. He accepted the issues of the war as final, and as he conceived the leaders of the Democratic party in Maryland did not so accept them, he could not heartily support that party. On the other hand the employment of troops to sustain State governments in the South was so obnoxious to him that he could not ap- prove the policy of the Republican party. Hence he sel- dom voted, and when he did it was for individuals and not party. In 1875 the dissatisfaction in the Democratic party in Maryland culminated in the Reform movement, in which Mr. Ditty took an active part, and spoke at public meetings almost daily during that campaign. In 1876 the attitude 86 677 of the Republican party, looking towards leaving the Southern States to manage their own State affairs without military interference, and having declared in favor of re- sumption and a sound financial policy, which Mr. Ditty considered as the then great leading issues, and regarding the Democratic party as abandoning its time-honored doc- trines in supporting paper money and advocating inflation, Mr. Ditty joined the Republican party and was laboriously active for its success in the campaign of 1876, and has con- tinued to co-operate with that party ever since. At the request of President Grant Mr. Ditty went to Louisiana in November, 1876, to witness the count of the vote of that State. In his published report he stated that while neither party had been free from blame, undisputed facts in his opinion, fairly considered, showed that that State had gone Republican by a large majority. Since 1875 Mr. Ditty has spoken and written a great deal on matters connected with politics. AW: OHNSON, Reverpy, Lawyer and Statesman, was ‘ e born in Annapolis, Maryland, May 21, 1796. His ae family on his father’s side was of English descent, and on that of his mother French. His ancestors i were among the earliest settlers in Maryland, sev- eral of them having held prominent positions under the Colonial Government. His father, John Johnson, was an eminent lawyer, who after serving in both houses of the General Assembly was successively Attorney-General, one of the judges of the Court of Appeals, and Chancellor of the State. His mother was a daughter of Reverdy Ghise- lin, who was long known as Commissioner of the Land Office at Annapolis. Reverdy Johnson received his edu- cation at St. John’s College, and at the age of sixteen years commenced the reading of law under the direction of his father, and was subsequently a student in the office of the late Judge Stevens. In 1815, when only twenty years of age, he was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Prince George’s County in the village of Upper Marl- borough. Shortly after he was appointed by the Attorney- General of the State his Deputy for the Judicial District, and performed the duties of that office in the most credit- able manner until November, 1817, when he removed to Baltimore and started in his career as a lawyer. He at once took an excellent position, and was soon recognized by lawyers and laymen as a man of unusual ability, He was the professional associate and intimate companion of Luther Martin, Robert Goodloe Harper, William Pinkney, Roger B. Taney, and William H. Winder. Soon after going to Baltimore Mr. Johnson was appointed Chief Commis- sioner of Insolvent Debtors. In 1821 he was elected to the State Senate for a term of five years, and re-elected for another term. After serving two years of the second term he resigned, and devoted himself exclusively to his 678 practice from that time until 1845, when he was elected to the Senate of the United States by the Whig party. In the debates upon the question of the war with Mexico Mr. Johnson differed from the sentiments of his party, and was among the supporters of the Democratic administra- tion of President Polk in the advocacy of that war. In 1849 he resigned his seat in the Senate to accept the posi- tion of Attorney-General tendered him by President Tay- lor. On the accession of Mr. Fillmore he retired and re- sumed the practice of his profession. He was retained in almost every important cause in the courts of Maryland and in the Supreme Court. His advice and services were sought from distant States, and in 1854 he was employed by an English house to argue a case involving a claim of great magnitude against the United States Government before the joint English and American Commissioners. He was associated professionally in this matter with Lord Cairns, then in the House of Commons, and a leading member of the chancery bar, and subsequently Lord Chancellor under the Disraeli administration. During his sojourn in England Mr. Johnson received much attention from the public men and members of the English bar. Returning home he unceasingly engaged in his practice, and took no active part in politics until the winter of 1860- 61. He was sent as one of the delegates from Maryland to the Peace Convention which assembled at Washington. He avowed himself a Union man, and utterly repudiated the doctrine of secession, believing it to be in violation of the letter of the Constitution, and inconsistent with the spirit and stability of our Government. He was conspicu- ous in the Convention by his earnest and eloquent efforts to avert the threatening calamities of civil war by measures of compromise and conciliation. When all hope of a peaceful settlement of the sectional difficulties had vanished Mr. Johnson advocated the preservation of the Union by the military power of the General Government. In 1861 he was sent from Baltimore County to the State Assembly. After the capture of New Orleans he was sent to that city by President Lincoln as Special Commissioner to revise the decisions of the military commandant, General But- ler, in regard to several important matters involving our peaceful relations with foreign governments. He deemed it necessary and proper to reverse all those decisions, and for the good effect of so doing he received the thanks of the administration. In the winter of 1862-63 he was elected to the United States Senate, and in March, 1863, resumed his seat in that body after an absence of fourteen years. He voted for the Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, After the surrender of the Southern Army Mr. Johnson advised the immediate readmission of the seceding States and an unconditional amnesty to their people. In 1868 he was appointed Minister to the Court of St. James, and the appointment was immediately con- firmed. In England he was the recipient of attentions never before paid to an American ambassador. In the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. chief commercial and manufacturing towns banquets were given him, and so general was this demonstration that Lord Clarendon, writing to a friend in America and refer- ring to the matter, expressed his belief that ‘‘ Mr. Johnson was the only diplomatic representative that had ever brought out the true friendly feeling of the British people for those of the United States.” Nor was it alone in his official relation that he was so cordially received. His fame asa distinguished American lawyer and jurist brought him into the most agreeable intercourse with the justices and leading barristers of England. In a few months after his arrival in England .Mr. Johnson succeeded ,in negotiat- ing a treaty between the two nations for the settlement of the questions in dispute growing out of what was known as the “ Alabama Claims.”? The Senate, however, refused to ratify the treaty, although it was privately acknowl- edged by Mr. Sumner and other leading men to secure all that our Government had a right to ask or any reason to expect. Mr. Johnson returned from England in June, 1869, and resumed his practice in Baltimore and Wash- ington. Throughout his professional career Mr. Johnson enjoyed uninterrupted success. In private life he was a genial, unassuming gentleman. He was one of the most conspicuous men Maryland ever produced, and at the time of his death, which occurred in 1876, ranked not only at the head of his profession but as one of the most eminent of American statesmen. For the substantial facts embraced in this sketch we are indebted to the work entitled Badr- more, Past and Present. ILLIAMS, Tuomas H., A.B., was born near Salis- } bury, Wicomico County, Maryland, April 4, 1845. His father was William Williams, who married Annice Fooks in 1828. Thomas was the youngest of eight children, He was but six years old when his father died, and during the ensuing six years five of his brothers and sisters died. He received his early edu- cation at the Salisbury Academy, and in 1865 entered Yale College in the Sophomore Class, from whence he graduated in 1868, his mother having in the meantime, in 1867, died whilst he was on a visit to her. After acting as teacher in the district school for a short while he was invited to take charge of the Classical Institute at Laurel, Delaware, which he conducted for a half year, In the fall of 1871 he was elected, without solicitation on his part, to the tu- torship of the Salisbury Academy, which position he ac- cepted. A yearafter entering upon its duties the Academy was converted into the Wicomico County High School, and Mr. Williams was earnestly requested by the County School Commissioners to serve as the Principal thereof, which position he still occupies, and in which he has been eminently successful as an educator. Professor M. A. Newell, Superintendent of the State Board of Education, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in his report for 1875, in speaking of the High Schools of Maryland remarked: ‘The school at Salisbury is a High School proper, so thoroughly organized and.so skilfully arranged that it might serve as a model of a County High -School.”” Mr. Williams has been since 1860 a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His sentiments are in accord with the Republican party, but he has never taken any active part in politics. Before and during the civil war his principles were opposed to slavery, He married, September 23, 1873, Miss Lizzie S. Smithers, daughter of Dr. Edward F. Smithers, late practicing physician of Vienna, Dorchester County, Maryland, and niece of Na- thaniel B. Smithers, attorney-at-law, Dover, Delaware. RKAGAUD, JoserH STUART, was born, August 14, 5, 1822, at Petersburg, Virginia. His father was de- scended from the Huguenots, and a native of B®) Gloucester County, Virginia, He was a merchant vy of Norfolk and Petersburg, and highly esteemed by all who knew him. He died in New Orleans at the age of seventy-six. Mr. Pagaud’s mother was of Scotch descent, and a native of Baltimore. She died in New Or- leans at the age of seventy-six. At the time of her mar- riage to Mr. Pagaud’s father she was the widow of the Rev. Thomas Hume, a Presbyterian minister, and had one child, a son named after his father, Thomas, who became a minister in the Baptist Church, and was a pastor for over forty-two years in Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia, and who at his death in 1875 left a son who was his successor in the Baptist ministry, the Rev. Thomas Hume, Jr., of Virginia. Mr. Pagaud had four brothers and three sisters, only two of whom, a brother and a sister, are now living, both of whom are residing in Louisiana. He was the third son. His early education was received in his native town, and for several years during his boyhood he was employed in mercantile houses in various departments. In his eighteenth year he prepared for college, and entered the Junior Class of Hampden Sidney College, Prince Edward County, Virginia, where he continued his studies for three years. He taught school for two years in Warwick County, Virginia, and was subsequently appointed Assistant Pro- fessor of Mathematics at William and Mary College, which position he declined, and removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1845, to which city his parents and his brothers and sisters had several years previously removed. Without giving up his studies he for several years engaged in mercantile pur- suits, first in St. Louis, and then in New Orleans. He removed to the latter city in 1846, and in 1847 married Miss Angeline Leslie, of Tennessee, afterwards distin- guished as a teacher in the public and normal schools and Sylvester Larned Institute of New Orleans. After the terrible epidemic of 1853 he visited Texas, and removed to Galveston in 1854, where his youngest son died. His 679 eldest and only son is now residing in New Orleans. On returning to New Orleans Mr. Pagaud entered journalism as river reporter of the New Orleans Delta. He assisted in starting the New Orleans 77zmes, was connected with the Courier and Crescent, and after the civil war with the Star, the True Delta, and for four years with the Picayune. For some time he was the agent of the New Orleans and Louisville Lightning Line of Steamers. He subsequently studied law, graduating at the University of Louisiana, and practiced in all the courts. He served in the City Council of Jefferson, volunteered to go to the assistance of General Beauregard in 1862, was one of his body-guard and staft at the battle of Shiloh, and was honorably discharged in 1863, but not being able to return to New Orleans served in the department at Mobile. He taught school at We- tumpka in 1864 and at the Barton Academy in Mobile in 1865, up to the time of the surrender, when he returned to New Orleans and found that both his parents were dead and that all his property had been confiscated. He then resumed his newspaper relations with the Picayune. Hav- ing succeeded in journalism he determined to go to Europe in 1869, and in Paris assisted in founding the American Register. At the beginning of the Prussian war he re- turned to New Orleans and engaged in establishing life insurance agencies in Louisiana and Texas in 1870 and 1871. The following year he accepted the agency of the Emigrant Aid Society of Norfolk, Virginia, went to England, and was a Commissioner from Virginia to the Vienna Ex- position, after which he went to Liverpool, and to further assist in making known the advantages offered to emi- grants to Virginia, he founded the American Herald at Liverpool and London. Being in impaired health he re- turned to Virginia in 1874, and finally settled in Baltimore, where he has ever since been corresponding for various papers in this country and Europe. During the sessions of Congress he is the special Washington correspondent of several Virginia papers, and an earnest advocate of Demo- cratic principles. (i AYER, CoLoNEL BRANTZ, was born in Balti- dM more, September 27, 1809. He was educated -¢ by private instruction and at St. Mary’s Col- GS» lege. After extensive travel in Europe and the #5624 East he returned to his native city and entered upon the practice of law, pursuing it until 1841, when he was appointed Secretary of the United States Legation to Mexico, which post he retained until the death of his father, Christian Mayer, who was intimately connected with the trade and commerce of Baltimore from the year 1783. On his return to Baltimore Mr. Mayer renewed his legal practice, uniting therewith contributions to literature and the editing of the Baltimore American, under the ad- ministration of its founders, Dobbin, Murphy & Rose. His 680 principal literary works were Afextco as it Was and Is; Journal of Charles Carroll of Carrollton during his Fourney with Franklin, Chase,and Archbishop Carroll to Canada in 1775; Mexico, Aztec, Spanish, and Repub- lican ; Captain Canot, or Twenty Years in the Life of an African Slaver » Observations on Mexican History, with some Account of the Zapetic Remains at Mitla ; Mexican Antiquities; Tahgahjute, or Logan the Indian and Cap- tain Michael Cresap; and A Memoir of Fared Sparks. Mr. Mayer was a large contributor to the daily, monthly, and quarterly press. He was one of the founders in 1844 of the Maryland Historical Society, being at that time President of the old Baltimore Library Company, which became merged in the new organization. The plans for ‘the building occupied by it and the Mercantile Library, corner of St. Paul and Saratoga streets, were partially drawn by Mr. Mayer. On the death of General John Spear Smith in 1866 Colonel Mayer was elected President of the Historical Society, which position he occupied several years. He was appointed by John McDonough, of New Orleans, as one of his executors, and he was subsequently selected by the Baltimore authorities as one of its commis- sioners to manage the city’s share in the McDonough be- quest. He sided with the Federal Government in our civil war, and occupied the position of President of the Union State Central Committee of Maryland until he received a commission in the United States Army as Colonel. After serving in that capacity he returned to his residence in Baltimore. The last public position held by Colonel Mayer was as one of the judges in the Department of Art at the American Centennial Exhibition. He died February 23, 1879. HEEZUM, JouN W., Merchant, of Easton, Talbot 4 I County, Maryland, was born in Caroline County, Maryland, in 1815. His grandparents, who were Scotch, emigrated to this country and occupied a tract of land under Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) in the upper part of Dorchester County. His father and mother were early members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the father a conspicuous and influential mem- ber of the community. John was brought up on his father’s farm until fourteen years of age, when he began life in Easton as clerk in the store of Mr. J. W. Jenkins, after- ward William Loveday, continuing for seven years. He commenced business for himself in 1838 on a small capital furnished by his father, and has been continuously in busi- ness for forty years, conducting it with integrity and uprightness through the panics of 1842, and 18579 and though the loser of thousands by others, has never paid less than one hundred cents to the dollar on his indebted- ness. During this time for twenty-five years he-did the largest business in Easton, and led the way to the improve- ment of storerooms, and inviting arrangements for the ex- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. + hibition of goods. Mr. Cheezum has served as a director of the bank and in a few minor posts, he having sought the obscure rather than the conspicuous public position, his business integrity and capacity eminently fitting him for services which he has invariably declined. After forty years of upright and honorable business life, at sixty-four years of age, no one engaged in business is earlier or later in attendance on the duties of business than he. He has been twice married; first, in 1839, to Miss Amanda, daughter of P. Stevens, once a well-known merchant of Easton, and second, in 1844, to Sarah, daughter of John M. G. Emory, lawyer and clerk of the Court of Appeals held in Easton for the Eastern Shore, and a relative of Bishop Emory of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Cheezum is re- markable for a cheerful and an earnest life, seeking by kindness and liberality to make the lives of others happy. x chusetts, October 20, 1820, His parents were of ax the Plymouth Rock stock, and in humble circum- i stances. His father held public office most of his { long life, and was highly esteemed in the com- munity on account of his strict integrity. The subject of this sketch was the only son of a family of six children. His parents being exemplary Christians his early character was formed under the influence of religious training, At the age of twenty-one he left the parental home and went to Fall River, Massachusetts, where he obtained employ- ment as a clerk in a large boot and shoe store, By indus- try and fidelity he won the confidence of his employer and the esteem of those with whom he came in contact. Being interested in Sunday-school work, he was at that time a teacher in the school of the First Baptist Church of Fall River. After two years’ service as a clerk he commenced business on his own account with the ,moriey saved from his earnings, when the great fire occurred which destroyed the place and drove him back to his home in a penniless condition. He then went to work on the shoe-bench and toiled hard at his trade. This employment he abandoned in about eight months on account of failing health. Hav- ing had a good common-school education, he then went to Rhode Island and commenced teaching school in the town of Portsmouth. After teaching for some time, and having fully recovered his health, he removed to Norwich, Connecticut, where he commenced manufacturing boots and shoes. His skill as a workman secured him a large patronage, and he did a profitable business. Two years thereafter, at the age of twenty-eight, he married Miss Qoa Ann Town, an amiable Christian lady. In less than six years from that time another disastrous fire swept away the earnings of many years, and again being reduced to penury, he once more returned to the shoe-bench and toiled cheer- fully at his trade until he had accumulated enough to re- wi ATES, BENJAMIN, was born in Weymouth, Ma&sa- @ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. lieve him from his financial embarrassment. After three years, during which time he had acquired « competency, he removed to New Haven, Connecticut, and commenced the drug business, where he remained several years. At the beginning of the civil war in 1861 he removed to Washington, District of Columbia, where he engaged in business until 1865. During his residence in Washington his wife died. Her remains were taken to Norwich, Con- necticut, for interment, and now rest beside those of her daughter and two sons. A fine nionument marks their last resting-place. Of the issue of this marriage four sons sur- vive. Hesoon afterward removed to Baltimore, his present home, where he has since carried on a prosperous busi- ness. He has been a firm advocate of temperance prin- ciples, and never allowed an intemperate or profane person to remain in his employ. His sympathies are ever with the poor and oppressed, and he is outspoken and inde- pendent in the expression of his views on all questions of public interest. He has exhibited considerable ingenuity as an inventor, and has obtained several patents for machines connected with his business. Having had a prosperous busi- ness career, he has been able to give all his children a lib- eral education, and to contribute much towards charitable and benevolent objects. Fifteen years after the death of his first wife he was married, November 23, 1876, to Miss Emma Isabella Armstrong, of St. Joseph, Missouri. The issue of this marriage is a daughter, named Emeline L. Bates. (AG:ARTER, Durus, Builder and Engineer, was born in i Baltimore, August 11, 1815. His father was John ov? Scarborough Carter, who was a native of Baltimore Q County, bornin 1790. He was the son of John Carter, who emigrated to West Pennsylvania and settled on the banks of the Monongahela near Brownsville. The latter was the son of Richard Carter, of Baltimore County. Durus Carter’s mother was the daughter of John Ensor, who married Dorcas Gorsuch, daughter of Charles Gorsuch, of Baltimore County, whose predecessor was one of the owners of part of the tract in the centre of Baltimore called Todd’s Range, the first patented in its present limits. John Ensor was the son of Abraham, who was the son of John Ensor, of Darley Park, who owned a large portion of Old Town, commencing at the corner of Gay and High streets, extending thence to the boundary. The Ensors and Gor- suchs were among the first settlers of that portion of the State, and the Gorsuch name is ‘the second under letter G of Baltimore County records. They were large landed pro- prietors and materially contributed to the establishment of the Federal Government and Baltimore city, with whose progress and history they were closely identified. The Carter family record has been of the noblest character. Its members were of the old Maryland Line in all the contests for liberty and the rights of man. John Carter, the grand- father, was awarded a tract of land by the State of Mary- 681 land for being a soldier of the Revolution, and his son, John S. Carter, for his services in the war of 1812. After the war he was a Captain for several years of a company in the Maryland militia. Durus Carter was appointed by Gover- nor Bradford Commander in the Seventh Ward, and organ- ized fourteen companies of militia in June, 1864, when Baltimore was threatened by the Confederates. He was the proposer of the plan to supply the city of Baltimore with water from Glencoe, on the Gunpowder River, frome a point two hundred and sixty feet high, that by natural flow would have supplied the entire city without the ex- pense of forcing the water by artificial means up to high- water service. His scheme would have been a saving of several hundred thousand dollars in original cost of the water works and in their operation. He had surveys made at his own expense and offered his plans to the city free of charge. He was one of the city directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1857. These directors defeated the proposition to issue three millions extra dividend in the shape of “ watered ”’ stock whilst there was no money in the treasury, which project was advocated by John W. Gar- rett. In 1839 Mr. Carter married Elizabeth Cragg, daugh- ter of Jonathan Cragg, whose family was from Nottingham, England, and settled in Maryland in 1820. He has had six children, of whom but two survive, Major Joseph F. Carter, of Howard County, and Elizabeth Tewson, wife of Charles W. Geddes, son of Alexander Geddes, steam marble-cutter, Baltimore. Major Carter served in the Fed- eral Army during our civil war, first in the Ninth Mary- land Regiment, in which he held the rank of Lieutenant. He was captured at Charlestown, Virginia, and incarce- rated in Libby Prison. Immediately after being released he joined the Third Maryland Veteran Regiment as Cap- tain. He served through the war, participating in the leading battles, and was brevetted Major for his bravery and gallantry. ECHTEL, Grorce Kerper, A.M., Educator, was born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1839. His parents were Joseph and Mary A. Bechtel. His mother was the daughter of George and Elizabeth Kerper, of Chestnut Hill (now Phila- His grandfather, Peter Bechtel, was a paper BB delphia). manufacturer within the present limits of the city of Phila- delphia. He was a man of prominence and a vestryman of St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, Germantown, Pennsy]- vania. George, the subject of this sketch, received his primary education in public and private schools in Tren- ton, New Jersey, after which he entered a store as clerk, and continued in that employ for four years; then attended the Trenton Academy, Rev. David Cole, D.D., Principal, for one year. He was thus enabled to enter the Sophomore Class of the College of New Jersey, at Princeton. Here he remained until, completing his collegiate course, he was graduated in 1860. Being of frail constitution and delicate 682 health he was prevented from participating in the ordinary athletic sports indulged in by boys, and was driven to books for entertainment. He therefore became a great reader. After graduating, his mind was much exercised on the sub- ject of the ministry, but in view of his feeble health he finally decided to adopt teaching for his profession. His first engagement was as assistant in Tremont Seminary, Norristown, Pennsylvania, after which he became Principal of the Academy at Centreville, Ohio, and subsequently at West Nottingham Academy, Cecil County, Maryland, from 1863 to 1866. He next conducted a private school in Media, Pennsylvania. Being invited to take a position in the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, and also the Classical Department of Newark Academy, New Jersey, he accepted the latter, and the President and all the members of the Faculty of the College of New Jersey united in a testimonial commending his ability as ateacher. Mr. Bechtel remained in this position for two years, during which time he added to his reputation as a scholar and a successful instructor and disciplinarian. On leaving Newark, Professor Bechtel opened a private classical and English school at Orange, New Jersey. Here his health failed so that he was obliged to seek a more congenial climate. Before leaving Orange the Rev. Dr. Irving, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, addressed Professor Bechtel a most complimentary letter for himself and others, and said, “This acknowledgment is due to you, as well as my high appreciation of your scholarship and your great ability and excellence as an instructor of youth.”’ So efficient had Professor Bechtel been during the four years, from 1862 to 1866, as Principal of the West Nottingham Academy, that in 1872 he was again elected to that po- sition and still retains it. The West Nottingham Academy was chartered in 1812, and at once took high rank as an educational institution. A large number of distinguished men of the present day received their education at this Academy, and Professor Bechtel may well feel an honor- able pride at being the successful successor of such men as Rey. James Magraw, D.D., Samuel M. Magraw, A.M., Rev. George Burrows, D.D., Rev. A. A. Hodges, D.D., and others of high repute. Professor Bechtel is a Presby- terian by birth, education, and conviction; catholic in his views, and liberal towards other denominations. He is a Royal Arch Mason. On November 15, 1865, he married Mary, daughter of Joshua and Sarah Bechtel, of Pottstown, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. estan 29 KWeOPKINS, Jouns, was born in Anne Arundel County, oe Maryland, May 19, 1795. His father, Samuel Hopkins, of that county, was descended from an a English Quaker family of respectability; and his mother was Hannah Janney, of the well-known family of that name in Loudon County, Virginia. The pioneers of the Hopkins family were six brothers, who came BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. to this country soon after the colonization of Maryland. The subject of this sketch received a moderate education and worked upon his father’s farm until eighteen years of age, when he entered the counting-room of his uncle, Ger- ard T. Hopkins, a wholesale grocery merchant of Balti- There he displayed great business aptitude, indus- try, and energy, and soon acquired a thorough knowledge of the details of the branch of trade in which he was en- gaged. In181ghe,in connection with Benjamin P. Moore, established the grocery house of Hopkins & Moore. In 1822 the partnership was dissolved, and Johns Hopkins as- sociated. with two younger brothers under the firm name of Hopkins & Brothers. The business of the house was rap- idly extended through the Valley of Virginia and into the adjacent States. The firm conducted a successful business for a quarter of a century, when Mr. Hopkins retired there- from, leaving as his successors the two brothers and two of his clerks. He still, however, manifested a great in- terest in commercial affairs and the general prosperity of his adopted city. After the resignation of the late James Swan, President of the Merchants’ Bank of Baltimore, Mr. Hopkins was elected his successor, and continued to dis- charge the duties of that office until his death. In 1847 he became a Director in the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road Company, in which he was a large stockholder. In 1855 he was appointed Chairman of the Finance Com- mittee. Prior to 1857, when the company was embarrassed by the monetary difficulties of the country and internal dis- sensions, and was unable to provide in due season for the heavy obligations imposed upon it by the extension of the road, he voluntarily indorsed the notes of the company, pledging his private fortune to its support, thus sustaining the credit of the company and insuring the completion and success of the road. During the panic in the fall of 1873 he furnished the company with nine hundred thou- sand dollars, which enabled it to pay its interest in cash. He was the owner of fifteen to seventeen thousand shares of the company’s stock. Appreciating the wants of the growing trade of Baltimore he erected extensive buildings in suitable localities for the accommodation of merchan- dise or supplying of offices. Massive warehouses were erected by him, and the Rialto Building, corner of Second and Holliday streets, is anoble monument of his enterprise. Besides occupying the Presidency of the Merchants’ Bank Mr. Hopkins was a Director in the First National, the Me- chanics’, Central, National Union, Citizens’, and the Farm- ers’ and Planters’ banks. He was Treasurer of the Re- public Life Insurance Company of Chicago, Director of the Baltimore Warehouse Company, of the Merchants’ Mu- tual Marine Insurance Company, and was a large stock- holder in the George’s Creek Coal Company and the Mer- chants’ and Miners’ Transportation Company. By his means, individual efforts, and credit he was instrumental in averting from Baltimore the financial disasters which swept through other cities in the great panic of 1873. Johns more. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Hopkins died December 24, 1873. In his will he en- dowed to the amount of about six millions of dollars a uni- versity at Clifton (his country residence), with a law, medi- cal, classical, and agricultural school; a free hospital in Baltimore, for four hundred patients, complete in all its appointments and departments, and which will form a part of the Medical School at Clifton; a convalescent hospital in a country neighborhood within easy reach of the city; a home in Baltimore County for colored children having but one parent, and in exceptional cases for such colored chil- dren, not orphans, as might be in need of charity. This home will accommodate four hundred inmates. Mr. Hop- kins died in possession of great wealth, which he used to the greatest advantage in the improvement and adornment of the city, the promotion of its trade or commerce, the advancement of its prosperity, and no one has left behind him grander monuments of Christian. charity and benevo- lence. SOPER FAMILY. crores WILLIAM Henry, second son of Ignatius iG) and Ann (Browning) Soper, was born in Mont- oo gomery County, Maryland, in 1820. His father, G a farmer and planter, born in the same place in 1785, was a man of sterling integrity, kindly dispo- sition, and highly esteemed. He had five sons and five daughters, all of whom survived him, his death taking place in 1852. His wife survived him twenty-six years, and died December 12, 1878, The first American ances- tor of the family was John Soper, a planter, who came from England in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and settled in what is now Prince George’s County. He left three sons and seven daughters, and his son John, the only one of whom any record has been preserved, also a plant- er, left six sons and five daughters. The descendants of all of these are widely scattered over Maryland and other States. Basil, son of the last-named and grandfather of William H., was born in Prince George’s County in 1742. He married Miss Mary Busey, and removed to Montgomery County, where he pursued the occupation of farmer and planter, and died in 1825. He was a slaveholder, but pro- vided in his will that all his slaves should be free on arriving at a specified age. His religious belief was in accord with the early Methodists, and the itinerant preachers often found a temporary home under his hospitable roof. He left three sons and three daughters. The early advan- tages enjoyed by William H. Soper were not superior, but as he grew older this defect was compensated for by dili- gent study, and he commenced life as a teacher. For many years he was connected with the public education of the State of Maryland, and perhaps did as much as any one to advance that cause. In 1856 he was elected Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of School Commissioners of 683 Baltimore County, to which position he was re-elected eleven times by a unanimous annual vote of the Board. His services were highly appreciated, and are well remem- bered by the people of the county. From 1865 to 1868 he was Secretary of the Maryland State Board of Education, and aided largely in the first-named year in the preparation of the State school law, which is the basis of the present school system of the State. He visited Europe with his son in the summer of 1876, and returned to Baltimore, where he now resides, in the autumn of the same year. He was married, January 18, 1844, to Miss Eliza M. Col- lins, daughter of the Rev. Isaac Collins, by whom he has now living two sons and two daughters. SOPER, WILt1AM MCKENDREE, eldest son of the pre- ceding, was born in Carroll County, Maryland, in December, 1844. He was educated at Calvert College, and in 1865 was made Acting Secretary of the School Commissioners of Baltimore County, which position he filled until 1868, when he entered the large publishing house of D. Apple- ton & Co., New York. Here his high character and un- usual business capacity soon found recognition and appre- ciation, his employers rewarding him with their confidence and a liberal salary. But when his prospects seemed brightest his health failed, and finally obliged to leave busi- ness, he accepted the advice of his physician and sailed for Liverpool in June, 1872, in company with his father. They visited places of interest in England and Scotland, making a tour of little more than two months, and returned to Baltimore, where he died September 9, 1876. His grave in Loudon Cemetery, near the city, is marked by a hand- some monument, bearing the following inscription, written by his father: «A noble and devoted son, A kind and affectionate brother, A true and generous friend.” SOPER, Jonn, a Planter, the third in name and descent from the first settler, was born in Prince George’s County in 1725. He married Miss Martha Guttrage, and died in 1801, leaving five sons and five daughters. His-son Rob- ert, born in the same county in 1769, married Miss Boswell and had several children. He died in Montgomery County in 1850. Alexander Edmund, son of Robert, born in the last-named county in 1814, went to Baltimore in early life, where he entered a mercantile house and remained a number of years. Returning to Montgomery County he removed from thence to the District of Columbia, where he now resides. His son Julius, born in Montgomery County in 1845, graduated at Georgetown College, and ’ afterwards studied theology in Drew Seminary. Entering the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he is now a missionary at Tokio, Japan. He is married, and has with him his wife and children. 684 SOPER, SAMUEL, eldest son of Basil Soper, was born in Montgomery County about the year 1772. He received what was called in his day a fair English education, and pursued the vocation of surveyor and conveyancer. As such he was widely known in his section of the State. His second marriage was to a Miss Jones, by whom he had two sons, who are still living. He died in 1837. His eldest son, Edward, born in the same county in 1814, received a fair English education, and removed about 1840 to Balti- more, where he entered mercantile life. He is now one of the firm of Samuel J. Soper & Co., the well-known auc- tioneers. He married in 1847 Mrs. Honoria (Howell) Sheppard, and has one daughter. He is in religious belief a Baptist, and is noted for his even temper, regular habits, and attention to business. SOPER, SAMUEL JONES, second son of Samuel Soper, son of Basil, was: born in Montgomery County in 1816, and was educated at the Brookville Academy in the same county. Removing to Baltimore in 1836 he commenced life as a merchant’s clerk and salesman, but for many years has been the head of the firm of Samuel J. Soper & Co., auctioneers. A gentleman of modest bearing he had little desire for ‘public life, but was elected a member of the Maryland Legislature for the session of 1865, in which he served with much acceptability. In religious belief he is a Methodist, and a man of fine character, His first wife was Anna M., daughter of William Flint, of Baltimore. She died in 1855, leaving two sons. He next married Sarah, daughter of Philip Hiss, of the same city. SOPER, BasIL, son of the first-named Basil, born in Montgomery County about the year 1780, was a farmer and planter. He married Miss Priscilla Hobbs, He lived to a good old age and left several children. William Han- son, his son, born in the same county about 1814, received a plain English education, and about 1838 removed to Baltimore, where he entered mercantile life. man of sterling character and excellent capacity for busi- ness. In 1848 he met an untimely death by falling down a hatchway in his auction store. He was unmarried. His death was deeply regretted by all who knew him. He was a SOPER, JoHNn NELson, eldest son of Ignatius Soper, born in Montgomery County in 1818, is an intelligent farmer, and lives at the homestead of his father, He is unmarried, a man of irreproachable character, and highly esteemed. o% ALZL, JoHN HENRY, was born, June 23, 1833, in ‘ 3 Stein, on the Danube, Lower Austria. He re- ceived a thorough education at the University of Krems, near the above city, in which he was a student for about seven years, and graduated at the age of sixteen years. While at college he found time to PIE BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. make himself conversant with the trade pursued by his father, that of jeweller. His collegiate and business edu- cation completed he went to St. Poelten, near Vienna, and subsequently to the Austrian capital, where he engaged in the jewelry business. After remaining in the latter city for about a year he obtained a permit from the Imperial Government to travel beyond the confines of Austria. He made a general European tour, and then established him- self in his vocation in Geneva, Switzerland. He left Ge- neva and went to Winterthur, where he received a sum- mons from the authorities of the Austrian Government to return home and enter its military service. This he disre- garded, and immediately turned his course toward America. He set sail from the port of Havre, France, and in September of 1853 landed in New York. He obtained a situation in the jewelry establishment of David Raith, and subsequently in the house of Tiffany, Young & Ellis, where he earned as high as forty dollars a week in simply setting diamonds, in which he was quite an expert. He remained in New York two years, during which time he saved enough to provide for his family a home in Hoboken, where he had purchased several building lots. Being compelled to change his business on account of impaired health he re- moved to Baltimore, Maryland, and in 1854 associated with him Mr. Beeckman Cooke in the daguerreotype busi- ness, under the firm style of Cooke & Walzl. Six months after the copartnership was formed Mr. Walzl bought the entire interest of the establishment. He extended his business considerably, engaging largely in the supplying of daguerreotype stock or material to the Southern trade. Upon the introduction of photography in 1856 he again expanded his business, his establishment becoming the leading one of its kind in Baltimore. Mr. Walzl was the inventor of Tatum’s Patent Oil-ground Photographs, a pro- cess whereby photographs can be printed directly on the oiled canvas. Since 1868 Mr. Walzl has devoted himself very extensively to operations in real estate., Waverly, on the York Road, Baltimore County, owes its origin and growth largely to him. As early as 1860 he purchased con- siderable land in that place, and has erected thereon many elegant and valuable structures. He also purchased Chan- cellorsville, Virginia, which was the scene of bloody con- flicts during the civil war. This tract of land embraced about one. thousand acres. The old Chancellor Hotel, which was destroyed during the war, was renovated by him; he built a schoolhouse, and established a flourish- ing Sunday-school, Mr. P. R. Uhler, Librarian of the Pea- body Institute, kindly furnishing the books and exerting himself in behalf of the religious work. Mr, Walzl’s aim was to colonize the above section of Virginia with industri- ous Germans, who would develop its resources and thus add largely to the substantial wealth and prosperity of the State. Through his instrumentality three hundred Ger- mans were brought from their native country and located at Chancellorsville. His enterprise attracted the atten- y ty, J iy YG, - / BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. tion of the Governor of Virginia, and Mr. Walzl was invited by him, in letters dated January 8, 1871, and January 18, 1872, to address the Committee on Immigra- tion of the State Senate of Virginia at Richmond in refer- ence to the results of his colonization operations and his views on the same, which he did in proper terms, eliciting the approval of the entire State Legislature. The late Arch- bishop Spalding, Bishop of Baltimore, addressed a letter to the late Bishop McGill of Richmond requesting him to forward Mr. Walzl’s projects in the colonizing of the emi- grants. Mr. Walzl’s operations in Virginia extended from 1870 to 1873, when he returned to his home in Waverly. Subsequently he and his wife made a prolonged tour of Europe, revisiting the scenes of his childhood on the shores of the Danube. Mr. Walzl married in 1857 Miss Augusta Eisenbrandt, daughter of Christian H, Eisenbrandt, a well-known musical instrument manufacturer of Balti- more. He was a native of Géttingen, Germany, and came to America in 1812. Mrs. Walzl died in 1877. Three‘children survive her: John Henry, Sidney, and El- lenora. Mr. Walzl married, the second time, August 22, 1878, Miss Ida Horn, eldest daughter of Benjamin and Mary Ann Horn. Mr. Horn is a wealthy and influential citizen of Baltimore County. Ge vices Rev, Henry Caen, M.A., Educator and Vice-President of the Western Maryland College, °° was born in Prince William County, Virginia, Sep- tember 30, 1828. His father, C. C. Cushing, was a native of Seekonk, Massachusetts, but went to Virginia in early life, where he married and settled, Henry’s early youth was spent on a farm; but at the age of sixteen he commenced teaching a small school, composed of his brothers and a few of the neighbors’ children. He con- tinued to teach at intervals for six or eight years, and in this way laid the foundation of his own education, During that period his mind was exercised on the subject of the Gospel ministry, and finally, after many misgivings, he resolved to enter it, which he did in June, 1852. His theological training consisted of Bible study, aided by such books as those of John Wesley, John Fletcher, Asa Shinn, and Adam Clarke’s Commentaries on the New Testament, which he read entire. He put into practical use the knowl- edge thus acquired by superintending a Sunday-school and ministering at the bedside of the poor and ignorant, especially among the slaves in their times of affliction, reading the Scriptures to them and pointing them to Christ. Mr. Cushing joined the Maryland Annual Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church in the spring of 1853, and commenced the itinerant ministry on Prince William Cir- cuit, Virginia, among his kindred and friends. Before leaving that circuit he was married, May 11, 1854, to Dulcie B. McCormick, a daughter of Stephen McCormick, 87 685 who was the inventor of the McCormick plough, the first in which the cast-iron mould-board was used. His subsequent appointments were: Deer Creek Circuit, three years ; Cumberland City, two years; Aisquith Street, Baltimore, one year; Howard Circuit, two years; Queen Anne’s Circuit, four years; Frederick Circuit, one year; Kent Circuit, two years; Pipe Creek Circuit, two years; and Westminster Station, three years. In addition to his pastoral work he filled the chair of Belles-lettres in the Western Maryland College from September, 1875, until June, 1876, after which he was elected to the Vice-Presidency of the College, and held the position in connection with his pas- torate until the annual session of his Conference, in March, 1877, when he was relieved from pastoral responsibilities. He has since devoted.his whole time to college work. At the commencement of the Western Maryland College, June, 1878, he had conferred upon him by the Board of Trustees the honorary degree of Artium Magister. (0, € URR, Henry, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, op Ae July 11, 1843. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and at an early age entered into the employ of the Western Union Telegraph Company. In 1861, before attaining his majority, he entered into the confectionery business, associated with his elder brother, William F, Murr, on the corner of Howard and Baltimore streets, and has since continued under the firm name of William F. & H. Murr. Owing to their superior business qualifications, energy, activity, and enterprise, they have prospered and estab- lished branch houses. Henry Murr is connected with many benevolent societies, such as the Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of Foresters, and the Brotherhood of the Union. He is a well-known, enterprising, and public- spirited citizen. SMEABODY, GrorGE, was born at Sonth Danvers (now Peabody), Massachusetts, February 18, 1795. a His parents were poor, and he received but a “Y scanty education. At an early age he served as a mercantile clerk in Thitford, Vermont, and after- wards in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and Georgetown, District of Columbia. In the latter place he became assa- ciated with Elisha Riggs in 1814 in the drygoods business, and soon thereafter established branch houses in New York and Philadelphia, under the general firm name of Peabody, Riggs & Co. He made several voyages to Europe on commercial business, and took up his permanent residence in London, England, in 1838. In 1843 he withdrew from the house of Peabody, Riggs’ & Co., and established him- self in the banking business in the above city, The great acts of Mr. Peabody’s life may be thus summarized: His 686 aid in fitting out the Grinnell Arctic Expedition in 1852; founding the same year the “ Peabody Institute”? in his native town, the full endowment of which was two hundred thousand dollars; gift of three hundred thousand dollars in 1857 for the establishment at Baltimore of an Institution of Science, Literature, and Fine Arts; gift of two anda half million of dollars as a fund for building lodging- houses for the poor in London, England, in 1862; one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to establish at Harvard College a Museum and Professorship of American Arche- ology and Ethnology, and an equal sum for the endow- ment of a Department of Physical Science at Yale Col- lege. He created a Southern Educational Fund of two million one hundred thousand dollars, besides donating two hundred thousand dollars to various objects of public utility. In recognition of his munificence Queen Victoria offered him a baronetcy, which he declined, when she pre- sented him her portrait. The corporation of London con- ferred upon him the freedom of the city, and the citizens ordered a statue, by W. W. Story, which was unveiled in the Royal Exchange, July 23, 1869, by the Prince of Wales, during Mr. Peabody’s absence on a final visit to the United States. On this visit he raised the endowment of the Institute at Baltimore to one million four hundred thousand dollars; created the Peabody Museum at Salem, Massachusetts, with a fund of one hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars; gave sixty thousand dollars to Washington College, Virginia; fifty thousand dollars for a ‘ Peabody Institute’ at North Danvers; thirty thousand dollars to Phillips’s Academy, Andover; twenty-five thousand to Kenyon College, Ohio; and twenty thousand dollars to the Maryland Historical Society, besides conferring munifi- cent gifts in several other localities. In the previous year he had endowed an art school at Rome. He died at Lon- don, November 4, 1869. His remains after funeral honors were placed in Westminster Abbey. They were afterwards brought to the United States in a British vessel of war and buried in his native town, now called “ Peabody.” Sev- eral other bequests to objects of public utility were made in his will. His remaining fortune of five million dollars was left to his relatives. (0, 6 CMURRAY, Louts, was born in Carroll County, ) p q Maryland, in 1823. In 1840 his family removed téey oe to the property on Biddle Street now occupied ie by him. About this time various methods were being tried for the packing and preservation of oysters. Young McMurray succeeded in discovering a pro- cess whereby the hermetical sealing of not only oysters, but fruits and vegetables could be successfully accomplished. He employed his large force in the packing of the latter during the summer months, confining his attention exclu- sively during the winter months to the packing of oysters. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. These soon achieved great popularity, both at home and abroad, and his articles generally were of such superior quality as to lay the foundation of that extensive business which now ranks among the first in the world. On the breaking out of the civil war, which shut off the Southern and Southwestern trade, Mr, McMurray directed his atten- tion and operations to the foreign and California markets. He dispatched heavy cargoes of sealed goods to Europe and around Cape Horn to California. He was the only one in the business who made such a venture, and his en- terprise was rewarded with great success. After the war Mr. McMurray found his business so much increased that he was compelled to extend his facilities for its transac- tion. In 1871 he established himself at the foot of Cross Street, where he has one of the most extensive and com- plete structures of the kind in the country, its capacities and facilities for shipping, unloading, etc., being unequalled. Mr. McMurray had formed a partnership with Mr. Charles E. Houghton and Mr. A. B. Ellis, under the firm name of Louis McMurray & Co., which was dissolved on the death of Mr. Ellis in 1874. In 1868, when a failure in the Dela- ware peach crop occurred, Mr. McMurray established a house in Cincinnati for the packing of that fruit. He transferred to that point thirty expert workmen and three hundred thousand cans. Whilst in Ohio he became con- versant with the superior quality of the sugar corn of that State, and he at once proceeded to establish its culture and packing in Maryland. The success he has met with in that undertaking is indicated by the vast structures he has erected in Frederick County, the capacity of which is seven hundred and fifty thousand to one million cans of corn per year, the number of acres in cultivation being twelve hundred. Mr. McMurray’s goods were awarded the highest prizes at the Centennial-Exposition, and were also awarded the gold medal at the Paris Exhibition. Mr. McMurray may be emphatically styled a self-made man, and his successful career is an illustration of what can be achieved by energy, perseverance, industry and integrity. Mr. McMurray’s father, Samuel McMurray, who died in 1850, was born in Baltimore, now Carroll County, in 1800. His grandfather was born in the North of Ireland, and set- tled in Baltimore County in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Mr. McMurray married in 1850 a daughter of John McDermott, of Baltimore. G@yeTIEFF, CHARLES MAXIMILIAN, Manufacturer of the WiGy) Stieff Piano, Baltimore, was born in the Kingdom © of Wiirtemberg July 19, 1805. He received a i; thorough classical and scientific education in Stutt- gardt. In 1830 he married Miss Catharine R. Roesch, of the same kingdom, who in the following year accompa- nied him to the United States. They first settled in Leba- non County, Pennsylvania, but shortly after removed to BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Baltimore, where Mr. Stieff was for ten years Professor of Music, and also of Ancient and Modern Languages. In 1841 he commenced the importation of pianos from Europe, and sold extensively the instruments of Rosenkrantz, Keine, Miller, and others. Of the merits and peculiarities of each of these he made a careful study, and in 1852 visited the manufactories of Europe, where he pursued still further his investigations into all the details of the business. On his return to Baltimore he commenced the manufacture of the instrument that’ bears his name, which before his death, June, 1862, had achieved a popularity equal to that enjoyed by any piano manufactured. He gave to the work his in- dividual and devoted attention, and each instrument passed from his hands as perfect as it was possible tomake it. Mr. Stieff derived much assistance from the co-operation, judg- ment, and musical ability of his wife. After his death she conducted the business for five years alone, and with entire success, the high reputation of the house being sustained under her management. In 1867 she resigned the conduct of its affairs to three of her sons, John L., Charles, and Frederick P. Stieff, all of whom possessed musical talent and fine business abilities combined with long experience in every department of piano manufacture. Through their enterprise and energy the house has kept pace with the sharp competition and increased demands of the times. In accordance with the European custom it still bears the name of its founder, Charles M. Stieff. In 1876 John L. Stieff withdrew from the firm, and in 1878 another brother, George W. Stieff, became associated therewith. The Stieffs have received over sixty first premiums and gold and silver medals, including the medal of merit and diploma of honor at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, and the mé- daille d’argent and a diploma @honneur at the Exposz- tion Universelle, Paris, 1878, over all American and many foreign competitors. WW, UMP; RoBerT JOHN, was born, December 7, 1833, " R near Oakland, Caroline County, Maryland. His “ parents were John Jump, of Purnell, and Elizabeth, his wife, formerly Elizabeth Clements. Their educa- tional advantages were slight, but these were compen- sated for by great mental vigor. His father was a farmer in humble circumstances. He filled the position of Col- lector of Taxes for the county; was elected Sheriff in 1840, and proved a faithful officer. He died in 1847, and his wife in 1858. The former was of Irish and the latter of Scottish descent, and were both natives of Delaware, where they lived until after their marriage. The subject of this sketch received his education ‘at a country school and the academy at Denton, though assisting his father on the farm during the busy seasons. At the early age of thirteen years he entered the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court for Caroline County as one of the deputies, which position he eld until May, 1857, devoting much of his time to study. In May, 1857, he was admitted to the bar as an attorney-at- -687 law. In the fall of that year Mr. Jump was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court by a large majority over his opponent, the duties of which office he discharged for six years to the satisfaction of all parties. He declined a renomination, and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1864 he was nominated by the Union party as a candidate for Comptroller of Maryland. He was elected, and discharged the duties of the office for one term, and then declined a renomination. On his retirement he was highly compli- mented by Governor Swann in his message to the Legisla- ture in 1867 for his zealous, honest, and faithful discharge of the duties of the Comptrollership. After holding the Clerkship of the Circuit Court for Caroline County to fill a vacancy from April to December, 1857, Mr. Jump again resumed the practice of law, and has declined since then further political honors. From 1867 he has been connected with the Masonic fraternity, and is a Past Grand Master therein. Mr. Jump is a Republican in political sentiment, and was an earnest supporter of the Union cause through the civil war. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was « Delegate to and President of the Lay Conference held in Wilmington, Delaware, in March, 1876. He was married, November, 1855, to Laura Corkran, of Cambridge, Maryland. z Gs URDOCH, Tuomas F., M.D., was born, May 9, \: 1829, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, e Alexander Murdoch, is a native of Scotland, and for many years has been a well-known merchant of Baltimore. His mother was Susan, daughter of William Trumbull, a native of Scotland. Her grand- father was Rev. Dr. Nisbet, for many years President of Carlisle College, Pennsylvania. Dr. Murdoch received the rudiments of his education in Laurenceville, New Jer- sey. He afterward entered Princeton College, where he graduated in 1847. He then studied medicine for three years in the University of Maryland and in the Baltimore Almshouse, graduating in 1850, when he went to Europe, and pursued his studies for six months in Dublin and eighteen months in Paris, At Dublin he received a diploma from the Lying-in Hospital. He then returned to the United States and began the practice of his profession in Baltimore, where he has since continued. He has been for two years Physician of the Baltimore Dispensary. At the opening of the House of Refuge he was elected Physician, and remained in that position for twenty-one years, and re- signed in November, 1877. During the war he espoused the Union cause, and for several years was Acting Assistant Surgeon, stationed at Jarvis United States Army Hospital. He was also at the same time Surgeon of the Board of Enrol- ment of the Third Congressional District of Maryland. In 1854 he married Elizabeth C., daughter of Hon. George Winchester, a distinguished lawyer of Maryland. He has two children living. 2D y¥;ULLER, Rev. RicHARD, D.D., was born in Beau- ; fort, South Carolina, April 22, 1804. After a thorough preparatory training under the direction of the late W. T. Brantly, D.D., he entered Har- vard University in his seventeenth year, and gradu- ated in 1824. During his collegiate career he was distin- guished for scholarship and the versatility of talent he dis- played. On his return to Beaufort he adopted the law as his profession, and at once entered upon a large and lucra- tive practice. He managed his cases with great skill and success, and soon attained a State reputation. He con- tinued in the practice of law for six or seven years, when he was converted at a series of religious meetings of a union nature held in the Episcopal and Baptist churches of Beaufort by the Rev. Daniel Baker, a Presbyterian min- ister, and decided to abandon his legal pursuits and de- vote his life to the Gospel ministry. He was baptized on a profession of-his faith and became a member of the Baptist Church. He at once entered upon the study of theology, and was ordained in 1832, when he was invited to the pastorship of the Baptist Church in his native village, his congregation consisting of about two hundred white persons and a large proportion of colored people. His brilliant attainments and the earnestness and zeal which he exhibited in the discharge of his ministerial duties at- tracted wide attention, and his labors*were attended with great success. His sphere of usefulness soon extended beyond his own parish. Leaving his church in charge of an assistant he travelled through the adjoining country and preached to immense congregations of slaves, to whom, as Dr. Brantly has said, he spoke with a simplicity and earnestness which they could readily comprehend, and - by which they were readily moved. At this time he visited almost every section of his native State, and fre- quently preached to large congregations in Charleston, Savannah, and other cities, refusing any pecuniary return for his services, his private wealth then being sufficient to enable him to labor without recompense. As his labors were severe and exhausting his health became impaired, in consequence of which he went to Europe, where he re- mained a year, and then returned to his charge. Whilst a pastor in Beaufort he was invited to preach the introduc- tory sermon before the Baptist Triennial Convention, which met that year in Baltimore. In 1846 he accepted a call to become pastor of a new church in Baltimore, and in Au- gust, 1847, removed to that city and was installed as pas- tor of the Seventh Baptist Church. In this charge he labored diligently and with great success for nearly twenty- five years, adding largely to the membership of the Bap- tist Church and acquiring wide reputation as a pulpit orator. In the spring of 1871 a handsome marble house of worship was completed by the church of which Dr. Fuller was pastor, and before his death, the membership had been more than doubled, and the indebtedness of the church fully provided for. In a biographical sketch BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. published in 1877 the Rev. Dr. W. T. Brantly says: “ Dr. ‘Fuller was endowed with intellectual powers so rare and varied that he would have been « man of mark in any pursuit to which he might have devoted them. His success at the bar, had he adhered to his original profes- sion, would scarcely have been less conspicuous than what was achieved in the sacred calling. As a contro- versial writer his discussions with the late Bishop Eng- land, of the Catholic Church, and President Wayland, of the Baptist Church,—names among the most distin- guished in the country for mental power,—prove him to have been a master dialectician. In our deliberative as- semblies, whenever a subject was of sufficient magnitude to arouse his interest, his acute perception, his comprehen- sive grasp of the theme, together with his ready wit and his brilliant powers of repartee, made him truly powerful as an advocate and formidable as an antagonist. But it was as a preacher that he achieved his greatest success; and it is as a powerful herald of the cross that he will be chiefly remembered. He had gifts for the pulpit rarely combined in the same man. His presence was imperial. His physical frame was large, tall, well-proportioned, and so commanding that when he arose his very look secured attention. His voice was clear, sweet, soft, and at the same time powerful. Added to these physical endowments were the mental characteristics essential to eminence in ‘oratory. He was always self-possessed, so that he could readily command his resources ; his imagination was rich and bold; his memory singularly retentive, whilst his taste supplied apt quotations for the illustration or adornment of his theme. His emotional nature was quickly stirred, and the passion with which his utterances, when warmed by the fervor of delivery, were pervaded, gave him ready access to the hearts of his audience. It was, however, the unaf- fected love to Christ and love to the souls of men, that even a worldly observer must have seen shining out in the address of Dr. Fuller, which were the real secrets of his power.” en mMD f¥,ULTON, Davin C., was born, September 19, 1827, i A in Loudon County, Virginia, near Leesburg. He was the son of David P. and Jane Carr Fulton, both of whom were natives of the county and State in which he was born. He received his early education at the common schools of that county, attending only in the winter; nine months of the year he assisted his father upon the home farm, At the age of twenty he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, and made good progress; but at the middle of his second year, his health being impaired, he left college and taught school for about two years to provide for his pecuniary necessities, but had no fondness for the calling. In 1856 he engaged in the hardware business, which he has followed to the present time with success. Mr. Fulton is a Democrat, and uD ib, by —— BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. . firmly believes that with that party rests the hope of the country. He has never held any office, and has never en- gaged in any public enterprise except in aid of some char- itable object, which he is always glad to further to the ex- tent of his means. He has never belonged to any secret societies of any kind. He is a member of the Methodist Church, He married Miss Mary E. Mercer, of Ellicott City, Maryland, February 24, 1853, and has four children: three sons, William F., David M., and Charles L., and a daughter, P. J. Fulton. Wi LAIR, Hon. MonTGomery, was born in Franklin By) County, Kentucky, May 10, 1813. His father, ns Francis Preston Blair, a prominent journalist i and politician, at the request of General Jackson, established the Washington G/ode in 1830. His mother was a daughter of Colonel Nathaniel Gist, a com- panion of Washington on the Duquesne Expedition, and of Sarah Howard, the sister of John Eager Howard. Mr. Blair was educated at West Point, graduating in 1835. He served in the artillery in Florida in the Seminole War, and resigned his commission in the army May 20, 1836. He then entered upon the practice of law in the city of St. Louis, and soon attained a prominent position at the bar. In 1839 he was appointed United States District Attorney for Missouri, and from 1843 to 1849 was a judge of the St. Louis Court of Common Pleas, both of which positions he filled with distinguished ability. In 1852 he removed to Montgomery, Maryland, where he continued to engage in the practice of his profession. In 1855 he was ap- pointed Solicitor of the United States in the Court of Claims. Previous to the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise he acted with the Democratic party; afterward he be- came a Republican, and was in consequence removed from his office by President Buchanan in 1858. In 1857 he acted as counsel for the plaintiff in the celebrated Dred Scott case. In 1860 he presided over the Republican Con- vention of Maryland, and in 1861 was appointed by Presi- dent Lincoln Postmaster-General, which position he held until 1864, Since that time he has acted with the oppo- nents of the Republican party. In 1877 he was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates from Montgomery County: He is a gentleman of dignified presence and pleasing manners, and his conspicuous career as a public officer and politician has made him one of the most noted men in the country. Wo ROOKS, NATHAN COVINGTON, was born in West 15 Nottingham, Cecil County, Maryland, August 12, a 1809. His father, John Brooks, was the son t* of Jacob Brooks, ‘an Englishman, who came to t America before the Revolution. His mother, Mary Brooks, was the eldest daughter of William Conway, of 689 the Conways, North Wales. In his twelfth year the sub- ject of this sketch was entered in West Nottingham Acad- emy, then under the care of the Rev. James Magraw, D.D. At the end of three years he had completed the full course of study, both classical and mathematical, and was subse- quently admitted to the degree of Master of Arts at St. John’s College, Annapolis, on which occasion he delivered a poem entitled De Jnteritu Rerum. Waving completed his studies Mr. Brooks commenced his career as a teacher, then in his sixteenth year, in Charlestown, Cecil County, where though but a youth he had a school of fifty scholars, many of them older than himself. Seeking a wider field of usefulness after two years he went to Baltimore, and opened an academy which enjoyed a liberal patronage from many of the best citizens. There he devoted his leisure hours to composition, and became a contributor to several periodicals. In 1830 he edited Zhe Amethyst, an annual, strictly Baltimorean, the articles, -plates, printing, binding, all being of the city. In this little book appeared the productions of. many writers who have since won dis- tinction. In 1831 Mr. Brooks was elected Principal of the Franklin Academy in Reisterstown, Maryland, and in 1834 was called to Brookeville Academy in Montgomery County. Both these institutions were endowed by the State, and were liberally patronized while under his care. While in Brookeville he was elected to the Bel Air Academy, but declined the appointment. Having resigned his position in Brookeville with the view of devoting him- self to literary pursuits, he returned to Baltimore and edited and published the American Museum, a monthly magazine of science, literature, and the arts, which had a fine array of talented contributors, among them Professors Barber, Fisher, Foreman, Hoffman, Pizarro, Pond, Ros- zel, Rafinesque, and Jared Sparks; Rev. Doctors Bacon, Beasley, Burnap, Clinch, McCabe, Morris, West, Thom- son, and Tappan; Messrs. Poe, Dawes, Gilmore Simms, W. H. Carpenter, Tuckerman, and Candler, Hofland, and Quillinan, of England; with Mrs. Buchanan, Dorsey, El- lett, Embury, Gould, Reese, Stockton, and Sigourney. His career as an educator is mentioned as follows in a work entitled Biographical Sketches of Eminent Americans - “In the year 1839, on the establishment of the Baltimore High School, he was unanimously elected Principal over forty-five applicants, a post for which his experience and his wonderfully varied attainments peculiarly fitted him. The public-school system had been in operation for about nine years, and yet not more than six hundred pupils were to be found in all the schools. During the nine years of Mr. Brooks’s connection with the schools, the number of pupils increased from six hundred to more than as many thou- sands, and this increase was attributed by the commissioners and the public mainly to the establishment of the High School, and the energetic manner in which it was con- ducted. Placed thus at the head of the public education of the city of Baltimore Mr. Brooks spared no labor, how- 690 ever great, and omitted no duty, however trifling, that could in any way contribute to the success of the cause with which he was identified. From his desk at the High School, he made himself felt throughout every school in the city, and infused his own ardent zeal into all with whom he came in contact. New life and energy were in- fused into the system; the indolent were roused into ac- tivity, the active redoubled their exertions, and the extra- ordinary success we havé just noticed was the result of their combined efforts.” In the year 1848 Professor Brooks undertook the organization of the Baltimore Fe- male College, and under his management that institution became eminently prosperous. It has sent forth two hun- dred and sixty-four graduates and one hundred and sixty- two teachers, many of. whom occupy distinguished posi- tions in the female colleges, academies, and high schools of the land. The Legislature of Maryland chartered the Baltimore Female College in 1849 and granted it a liberal endowment in 1860, which has been increased twice since. Amid the many demands upon his time Professor Brooks still found leisure for literary pursuits, and wrote many ar- ticles for magazines at home and abroad, delivered several collegiate addresses and poems, and bore off several prizes both in prose and poetry, for which many of the best wri- ters in the country contended. Besides these labors he published in 1845 A Complete History of the Mexican War, an octavo of six hundred pages, which received the highest commendation. It was translated into German, and two editions of it were published in that language. Professor Brooks projected and carried into execution a series of classical books on a new and improved system, which have had a high reputation and extensive sale. They embrace the Zeid of Virgil, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Ceesar’s Commentaries, Viri Illustres Americani, Historia Sacra, First Latin Lessons, First Greek Lessons, and Greek Harmonica Evangelica, all of which, gained him great credit, especially his edition of Ovid, which is highly praised in Hart’s Manual of American Literature for the richness and variety of its scholarship, and for its abun- dant illustrations. Ina review of Dr. Brooks’s xeid of Virgil, Dr. Shelton Mackenzie, the distinguished critic, says: “ As an illustrated schoolbook it has never been even approached.”’ Besides the foregoing volumes Pro- fessor Brooks has written Battlefields of the Revolution ; History of the Church, Scripture Manual, containing re- ligious exercises for morning and evening for schools and families; Sabbath-School Manual; Scriptural Anthology, and the Literary Amaranth, a melange of prose and poetry. He has also translated from the Greek the Hymns of Callimachus, and from the Latin Father White’s Re/a- tion of Maryland. In July, 1859 the authorities of Emory College, Oxford, Georgia, conferred on Professor Brooks the degree of LL.D. In 1863, when a successor was to be appointed to Dr. W. H. Allen, who had resigned the Presidency of Girard College, the name of Dr. Brooks was BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. presented to the consideration of the Board of Trustees, and though not elected Dr. Brooks commanded more votes than any except Major R. S. Smith, who, being a Philadelphian and of a very influential family, was elected President of the College. Dr. Brooks has been twice mar- ried. May 8, 1828, he married Mary Elizabeth Gobright, a lady of remarkable beauty and sweetness of disposition, with whom he lived in great happiness until her death. Eight children were the fruits of this union: Christopher C. Brooks, Rev. Dr. William H. Brooks, Dr. Horace A. Brooks, Nathan C. Brooks, Jr., deceased, George R. Brooks, Mary Louisa Brooks, Eliza Augusta Brooks, deceased, and Florence Frances Brooks. June 26, 1867, Dr. Brooks mar- ried Christiana Octavia Crump, youngest daughter of the late Dr. William Crump, formerly United States Minister to Chili, and passed with her a few months in Europe. Their children are Maria Ervin Brooks, Octavius Conway Brooks, both deceased, and Edwin Covington Brooks, now in his sixth year. We Hon. WILLIAM, LL.D., Representative of é Kia ; the Sixth Congressional District of Maryland, was born, May 1, 1828, in Ireland. He came ie to America in the fourteenth year of his age and located in Virginia. He subsequently removed to Maryland, and shortly thereafter entered Mount Saint Mary’s College, Emmettsburg, whence he graduated in 1874 with the title of LL.D. After going through a course of legal study, partly at Ballston Spa, New York, he was admitted to the bar in Virginia in 1850. In 1852 he took up his residence in Cumberland, where he entered actively upon the practice of his profession, in which he has been eminently successful, ranking among the most distinguished lawyers of Maryland. In the years 1860 and 1872 Mr. Walsh served as Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket, and was a member of the State Constitutional Con- vention of 1867. The ability he displayed in these posi- tions as a public orator, and his knowledge of constitutional law, directed the attention of the people of his Congressional district to him as a suitable person to represent them in the popular branch of Congress. He was accordingly elected for the Forty-fourth Congress by the Democratic party, and with such entire acceptability did he acquit himself that he was returned to the Forty-fifth Congress. Mr. Walsh enjoys great popularity in Western Maryland, and his abili- ties as a lawyer and statesman are universally acknowl- edged. In 1853 he married Miss Marian Shane, a lady of rare accomplishments. He was born in the Catholic faith, and his life gives evidence of the firmness of his belief in the teachings of his religion, which takes precedence of all other claims. e BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. HANCELLOR, CHARLES WILLIAMS, M.D., of Bal- timore, was born near Fredericksburg, Virginia, February 19, 1834. His parents, Major Sanford ? and Fannie L. (Pond) Chancellor, were descended from highly respectable English families, who were among the earliest settlers of Maryland and Virginia. His father was a trusted aide-de-camp of General Madison during the war of 1812, and there are many traditions of his personal valor. He lived upon his fine estate in Vir- ginia, and died in the year 1860 at the age of seventy. Dr. Chancellor received his early education at the Fredericks- burg (Virginia) Academy, and subsequently pursued his classical studies at Georgetown College, District of Colum- bia, and the University of Virginia. Having decided to enter the medical profession, he matriculated at the Jeffer- son Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he grad- uated M.D. at the age of twenty. For some time after graduating he availed himself of the lectures and hospitals of the latter city, and subsequently located in Alexandria, Virginia, where he engaged successfully in the practice of his profession. At the breaking out of the civil war he entered the Confederate Army as a Surgeon, and served most of the time as Medical Director of General Picket’s celebrated Virginia Division. After the war Dr. Chancel- lor settled in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was soon recognized as one of the leading physicians of that city. He added to his popularity by the conspicuous part he bore in the terrible epidemics of cholera and yellow fever which devastated that city in 1866 and 1867 respectively. In 1868 “he was elected to the chair of Anatomy in the Washington Medical University of Baltimore, and soon after was made Dean of the Faculty. He was afterward transferred to the chair of Surgery, which he filled for two years, and then severed all connection with the school. He was, however, immediately elected Emeritus Professor of Surgery and Dean of the Faculty. In 1871 he was ap- pointed a member of the School Board of Baltimore, which position he held till his election to the First Branch of the City Council in 1873 as a representative from the Twen- tieth Ward. In that body Dr. Chancellor’s abilities and comprehensive views soon made him a conspicuous mem- ber of the city government, and he was returned each year to his seat till 1876, when he was elected from the Nine- teenth and Twentieth wards to a seat in the Second Branch, of which he was unanimously elected President. In the same year, upon the reorganization of the State Insane Asylum, he was elected President of the Board of Managers, and has devoted much time and energy to that noble charity with the most satisfactory results. In 1877 he was requested by the Governor to visit the penal and charitable institutions of the State in his official capacity as Secretary of the State Board of Health. His report of their condition was one of the ablest papers ever published in the State. In it he depicted the filthy condition, want of discipline, and shocking immoralities existing in these roe A 691 institutions in many of the counties in a manner that startled the whole country. As might have been expected he was assailed by the culpable officials and their political supporters, who were thus exposed; but the report was extensively published in America and Europe, gaining for the doctor a more than national reputation and the praise of all good men for his invaluable services. Early in 1878 he published his Vindication, which consisted chiefly of. communications from the principal men of the State, affirming and emphasizing the truth of his report. Dr. Chancellor is well versed in medical literature and the cognate sciences, and has not only contributed many val- uable scientific papers to the various medical journals, but was at one time himself the editor and proprietor of a medical journal. He has also contributed many mono- graphs to medical science, which are remarkable for original and independent thought, and show that nature and facts have been his teachers rather than theories. One of the most valuable of this class is Contagious and Epi- demic Diseases, considered with reference to Quarantine and Sanitary Laws, 1878. Dr. Chancellor is now edit- ing the Sanitary Messenger, a paper devoted to the pro- motion of public health. He isa member of the American Public Health Association, of the American Medical Asso- ciation, corresponding member of the Boston Gynecological Society, and of the local medical societies of Baltimore. In May, 1879, he published 4x Jnguiry into the History and Etiology of the Plague, with Observations on Quarantine. He is now pursuing as a specialty the subject of sanitary engineering, and is at this time engaged in investigating the sanitary condition of the public schools of Baltimore. Dr. Chancellor has been twice married; first, to Miss Mary Archer, daughter of General A. G. Taliaferro, and again to Martha A., daughter of Colonel William Ormond Butler, of Tennessee. Dr GrEoRGE BarTON, M.D., son of Joseph ¥ and Mary (Grimes) Beeler, was born in Wash- ington County, Maryland, near St. James College, j August 25, 1853. His father lived on his farm at that place till 1865, when he removed to Hagers- town and engaged in mercantile business. He died in 1872. His family came to this country from England late in the eighteenth century. His wife’s family were from Virginia, and prominent and highly connected in that State. General Robert E. Lee was her cousin, George B. Beeler partly concluded his studies at St. James College in Wash- ington County, and graduated from the College at Gettys- burg in 1867. At the age of fifteen he commenced his medical studies in the office of his uncle, Dr. John H. Grimes, a distinguished physician of his native county, and attended the Medical Department of the University of Vir- ginia for one year, when he went to Baltimore, where for three years longer he pursued his professional studies, 692 graduating M.D. from the University of Maryland in 1876. Since graduating he has been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession in Baltimore. He has a special taste for and skill in surgery, and is preparing to make that branch prominent in his practice. He has already per- formed a number of difficult surgical operations. Dr. Beeler isa member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, He has travelled very extensively through- out the United States. ALDWELL, Joun Jasez, M.D., was born at Oak Hill, New Castle County, near Wilmington, Dela- ware, April 28, 1836. His father, John Sipple a Caldwell, was in early life an agriculturist, but in later years was actively engaged in real estate trans- actions in New York. He married in 1835 Rebecca, youngest daughter of Richard and Rebecca Baker, of Chester County, Pennsylvania, whose ancestors, members of the Society of Friends, were contemporary settlers with William Penn. They had four sons and eight daughters, all still living, with the exception of the youngest son. John S. Caldwell was a man of remarkably fine physical ap- pearance and superior character. He died, March 14, 1878, at the residence of his son Alexis, in Brooklyn, in the sixty- eighth year of his age. He was of French Huguenot an- cestry, the name being originally Colville. John Caldwell, son of Sir David Caldwell, of the North of Ireland, whither the family had fled in time of persecution, came to America in the early part of the eighteenth century, and settled in Delaware. Three brothers, Captain Jonathan, Captain Joseph, and Rev. James Caldwell, the last of Springfield, New Jersey, were famous in the Revolutionary period. The first named, Captain of a Delaware company, which bore his name, was the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, whose grandfather, Jabez Caldwell, of Boling- broke, Talbot County, Maryland, served at different periods in the State Assembly and other positions of honor and trust with Edward Lloyd, Charles Goldsborough, and others equally distinguished. Young Caldwell attended the pub- lic schools of Delaware and Pennsylvania, and later the celebrated Quaker boarding-school of John Bullock, at Wilmington. He graduated with the highest honors from the New York Medical College in 1860, having been for three years previously a student in the Bellevue Hospital. He was engaged in successful practice in New York when, in 1862, he entered the United States Army as a Surgeon, remaining till the close of the war, when he settled in Brooklyn. In January, 1873, he removed to Baltimore, where he has made a specialty of diseases of the nervous system ; to the nature, phenomena, and treatment of which he has devoted much study and attention, and in which he is acknowledged one of the leading authorities of the coun- try. Dr. Caldwell is one of the first and most constant contributors to the medical journals of the United States, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. the long list of his valuable papers quite exceeding the lim- its of this sketch. He is an active member of many medi- cal societies, in whose deliberations he has always taken a prominent part, and has held many honorable positions of a professional character. From 1862 to ’66 he was Acting Assistant Surgeon in the United States Army, on hospital, transport, and field duty, from the Hudson to the Rio Grande, from which place he wrote many interesting letters to the New York daily Zimes and Mews. During the cholera epidemic of 1866 and ’67 he was Medical Officer in the Health Board of Brooklyn; Surgeon in charge of the Brooklyn Central Dispensary from 1866 to 1869; Delegate to the Massachusetts State Medical Society from the Medi- cal Society of the County of Kings in 1867; and Delegate to the American Medical Association from the Baltimore Medical and Surgical societies in 1875 and’76. A volu- minous writer, an enthusiastic student, and devoted to medical and general science, Dr. Caldwell has already achieved fame, and his star is in the ascendant. He was united in marriage, June 6, 1862, to Miss Anna Ridgely, daughter of R. Horace and Mary Worthington Love, of the “ Forest,’ Baltimore County, a direct descendant of Sir Arthur Johns, of England. of the city of Baltimore, May 21,1806. His father, Thomas Carroll, was born in Ireland near the city G of Dublin, and came to the United States, landing in Baltimore about the time of the rebellion in the former country. He was a carpenter by trade, and among the first buildings he helped to put up was the old Assembly Rooms, on the corner of Fayette and Holliday streets. He be- longed to Captain McEldery’s company called the Grena- diers, afterwards commanded by Captain Lawson. He married Sarah King, a native of Baltimore County. Her ancestors came from England, and were granted a tract of land from the Gunpowder River to Jones’s Falls by King George the Fourth. The Kingsbury Works received from them its name. Thomas Carroll died in 1832 at the age of sixty-four, and his wife at the age of thirty-eight, both in Baltimore. They had five sons and two daughters, of whom only the subject of this sketch and his brother Thomas are now living. The former remembers the bom- bardment of Fort McHenry by the British in 1814, and the battle at North Point. He paraded in the old Twenty- seventh Regiment of Maryland militia. He served his time as an apprentice to the cooperage business from his eighteenth year till he was of age, after which he worked five years as a journeyman, when for the seven following years he combined the business of grocer, cooper, and that of a fisher on the Potomac. For six years he was Harbor Master for the port of Baltimore, his station being at Bow- ley’s Wharf, and again for four years, and for two years vies Joun Kino, was born in the Ninth Ward BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. under J. S. Hollins. While Governor Swann was Mayor of Baltimore, Mr. Carroll was two years in the First and Second Branch of the City Council; also for four years under Mayor Vansant. In November, 1875, he was elected one of the Judges of the Orphans’ Court of the city of Bal- timore, which position he still holds. He has always be- longed to the Democratic party, and is a member of the Catholic Church. He has never lived outside of Baltimore. Mr. Carroll has had a family of nine sons and three daugh- ters; all of the latter and five of the former are living. a Joun Huston, Lawyer, was born in ) ¥ Somerset County, Maryland, February 19, 1830. ya After a thorough academic preparation he en- “? tered, at the age of fifteen years, the Sophomore Class of Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pennsyl- vania, of which the Rev. Robert J. Breckenridge was the Principal. After remaining there for two years he was transferred by certificate to Princeton, and graduated at the latter institution in the spring of 1848. The same year he commenced the study of law in the office of his father, William W. Handy, of Princess Anne, and in August of that year removed with his family to Cincinnati, Ohio. The family remained in that city only one year, the cholera epidemic of 1849, which prevailed there, inducing them to return to their homestead, Cherry Grove, Somerset County, Maryland. After a course of legal study in Baltimore city in the office of his kinsman, William H. Collins, he was in 1851 admitted to practice in the various courts, in- cluding the United States and Appellate courts. In 1854 he was admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States, and the same year removed to California, where he continued to practice his profession in San Francisco and Placerville. In the latter part of the above year Mr. Handy, on account of the harshness of the California climate, removed to Cincinnati, where he formed the law partnership of A. D. & J. H. Handy, which firm edited the Handy’s Reports of the decisions in the Superior Court of Cincinnati. Whilst in Cincinnati Mr. Handy was ap- pointed by Governor Chase as Judge Advocate of the First Division of Ohio Volunteers under General William H. Lytle, his intimate friend. During the American civil war Mr. Handy joined the Confederate cause, and after the cessation of hostilities located in Harrisonburg, Virginia, in the practice of his profession. After remaining there two years he returned to Maryland and settled in Snow Hill, Worcester County, forming a law partnership there with Colonel E. K, Wilson, the present Associate Judge of that Circuit. For five years he remained at Snow Hill enjoying a practice which extended through the counties of Wor- cester, Somerset, and Wicomico. In 1872 he removed to Towsontown, Baltimore County, from whence, after a practice of eighteen months, he established himself in his 88 693 profession in Baltimore city, where he has continued in successful practice up to the present time. Whilst at Towsontown Mr. Handy was engaged by the State of Maryland as counsel in many important suits against cor- porations in relation to the payment of taxes. Among these were suits against the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, the Northern Central, Baltimore and Ohio, and the Cumberland, Pennsylvania, Railroads, and the National Banks. The latter refused to pay State taxes under the then existing laws, and being sustained by the courts in that position Mr. Handy advised the Comptroller of the State Treasury to procure legislation to re-assess the property of the banks for taxation for all the years they had escaped by defective legislation. This was done, and though the banks at first resisted in the courts they finally complied with the requirements of the new law, the exe- cution of which was intrusted to Mr. Handy’s direction as counsel for the State. Mr. Handy’s father was William W. Handy, a native and prominent lawyer of Somerset County. His grandfather, William Handy, was also a native of the above county, and resided upon his elegant demesne, “ Handy Hall.”” The Handys originally came from Eng- land, the progenitor of the American branch, Colonel Isaac Handy, settling on Wicomico River, in 1665, about three miles from the present town of Salisbury, Wicomico County. Mr. Handy’s mother’s maiden name was Ann Dashiell Huston, daughter of Dr. John Huston, a dis- tinguished physician of Salisbury, and granddaughter of Rev, Alexander Huston, a celebrated Presbyterian clergy- man and graduate of Princeton, whose father was Samuel Huston, an Irish gentleman who emigrated to Delaware in the colonial times, purchasing there extensive tracts of land, which are still in the possession of the family. His paternal grandmother was Elizabeth Ker, daughter of Rev. Jacob Ker, a Presbyterian clergyman and graduate of Princeton, who was the grandson of Walter Ker, a Scotch- man, who was banished to this country in 1685 in conse- quence of his being engaged in the Monmouth Rebellion. He settled in Freehold, New Jersey. The maternal grand- mother of Mr. Handy was Sarah Dashiell, daughter of Captain Robert Dashiell, of Tony Tank, Somerset County, Maryland, the latter being of Huguenot descent. The Handys are connected with many of the oldest and most respectable families of Maryland, including the Winders, Henrys, Morrises, Wilsons, Irvings, etc. Mr. Handy married, in 1859, Miss Louisa Dirickson Waters, daughter of Thomas L. Waters, and granddaughter of William Waters, a lawyer and gentleman of large fortune. She is a lineal descendant of Sir Thomas Littleton, the celebrated law writer, through her ancestor John Waters, who married a sister of Lord Littleton. Mr. Handy has two children living: Anne Huston and Louise Wilson Handy. He en- joys an extensive and lucrative practice, and confines him- self mostly to civil practice, in which he is constantly and actively employed. He is a polished and eloquent speaker, 694 \ (ee Rev. ALFRED MAGILL, Rector of AX Emanuel Church, Baltimore, was born in Win- ™ chester, Frederick County, Virginia, in 1836. His father was Robert Lee Randolph, an extensive planter and slaveholder of the above county. His grandfather was Colonel Robert Randolph, and his great- grandfather, Robert Randolph, was a Colonel in the Revo- Intionary war. Edward Randolph, an ancestor, was the first President of the Continental Congress. The Randolph family trace its pedigree back for eight generations in Virginia, their original progenitor being William Randolph, who came to America in the sixteenth century and settled in the above State, where his descendants thence to the present day have been distinguished for their social and political worth and influence. William and Mary College, the oldest institution of its character in America with the exception of Harvard, was founded by Sir John Randolph. William Randolph, the pioneer of the family to this country, had four sons, William Randolph, of Chatsworth, being the immediate ancestor of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Randolph’s mother was Mary, daughter of John Magill, a prominent lawyer of Frederick County, Virginia, and granddaughter of Colonel John Magill, who served in the Revolutionary Army with General Washington. His grand- mother on the maternal side was a Thurston, daughter of Judge Thurston, of Washington. Alfred M. Randolph’s youth was spent on the ancestral estate of his family, «“ Eastern View,’”’ Frederick County, Virginia, which has descended “ from father to son” for over a century and a half. There he enjoyed the private instructions of a famous educator, Andrew J. Moulder, now Superinten- dent of Public Instruction in California. At the early age of seventeen years he entered William and Mary College, where his ancestors had been educated for eight genera- tions. He remained there three years, when he graduated with the degree of A.M. He then became a student in the Episcopal Theological Seminary near Alexandria, Vir- ginia, the President thereof being Rev. William Sparrow, D.D. After a three years’ course in this institution he graduated with distinction. Among his co-graduates who have since attained fame in the Church were Rev. Phillips Brooks, of Boston; Rev. Henry C. Potter, of New Vork ; and Rev. Henry A. Wise, of Virginia. His first call was to St. George’s Church, Fredericksburg, Virginia (which is the largest church in the dioscese of Virginia), as Assist- ant. The Rev. Dr. McGuire, the Rector, died suddenly on the Sunday succeeding that upon which Mr. Ran- dolph entered upon his sacred duties. Two months there- after he was called to the Rectorship, which he accepted, and took full charge of the parish. In November, 1862, Burnside’s army appeared in front of Fredericksburg. Twelve hours before the bombardment of that city Mr. Randolph with his wife and babe, the latter but twenty- four hours old, left the town (about midnight) in an am- bulance and passed through the Confederate Army whilst BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. it was moving into position. He halted two miles out of Fredericksburg, and was a witness by the aid of a field- glass of the bombardment.- He watched with anxious in- terest the shelling of his church, which was struck sixty- two times without receiving any material injury. Shortly after leaving Fredericksburg he entered the Confederate Army as Chaplain, and was assigned to duty in Jackson’s corps, in which he served for about a year, and was then transferred to a Post-Chaplaincy at Danville, Virginia, in which capacity he served until the close of hostilities. After having charge of a parish in Halifax, Virginia, for six months he, in 1866, was called to Christ Church, Alexandria, which is one of the oldest buildings for re- ligious worship in the United States. Its membership com- prises the oldest and most refined families of Alexandria, and in it worshipped the “ Father of his Country.” In the autumn of 1867 Mr. Randolph was called to the Rector- ship of Emanuel Church, Baltimore, to succeed Rev. Noah Schenck, and for twelve years has proved himself a zeal- ous and faithful pastor of a congregation that in refinement, intelligence, and moral worth will rank with any in the country. In 1858 Mr. Randolph married Miss Sallie Griffith Hoxton, daughter of Dr. William Hoxton of the United States Army, and granddaughter of Rev. Mr. Grif- fith, who was the first Episcopal Bishop-elect of Virginia, and during the last three years of the Revolutionary war Chaplain to George Washington. Mr. Randolph has had eight children, seven of whom are living. The eldest son, Robert Lee Randolph, is being educated at the Episcopal High School in Virginia. HAPMAN, Rev. WILLIAM HINKLE, was born at Ie Middleburg, Loudon County, Virginia, August 3 31, 1828. His father, whose name he bears, was a @ minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church and a # member of the Baltimore Conference. He died in 1828, while in charge of the churches comprising the Lou- don Circuit. His widow with her two children removed soon afterward to the home of her father-in-law in Alle- ghany County, Maryland. She remained there a few months and then removed to Cumberland, where she continued to reside for sixteen years, In 1848 she removed to Baltimore to better enable her elder son to complete a curriculum in Materia Medica at the University of Maryland, who, soon after graduating, entered on the practice of his profession in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and subsequently prosecuted it successfully in New York city, where he died. When but nineteen years of age the subject of this sketch resigned his position as clerk in a drygoods house and entered the Christian ministry. The Rev. O. H. Tiffany, D.D., now an eminent minister of New York city, having resigned a junior pastorship near Baltimore to accept a Professorship in Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, Mr. Chapman was AGrrs Ze ee zd C € — BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. invited to fill his unexpired term on the circuit, which in- vitation he accepted, and on the following March (1848) was received into the Baltimore Conference. During the past thirty years he has filled a number of the prominent pulpits of his denomination in Baltimore and the District of Columbia. At the close of the civil war he was stationed at the Dumbarton Street Church, Georgetown. He was known to be thoroughly in sympathy with the National authorities in their efforts to preserve the integrity of the Union, but so impartial was his clerical administration, and so devoted was he to the work of his ministry, that not one of the numerous parishioners whose sympathies were with the Southern States withdrew from the church of which he wasthe pastor. President Lincoln appointed him Chaplain to the Seminary Hospital” for officers of the army, the duties of which position he performed with great satisfac- tion. His ministrations at Georgetown were highly valued by the people. In all the churches over which he has pre- sided his ministry has been successful. Mr. Chapman has a wide reputation as a financier, and through his skilful management a large number of churches in Maryland have been relieved of the burden of debt. He has performed a large amount of dedicatory work. He is an able and en- tertaining preacher, and a ready and impressive extempo- raneous debater. At the Baltimore Annual Conference in 1878 he was appointed Presiding Elder of the Baltimore District. EQADLE, WarreEN H., President and Proprietor of the Bryant, Stratton & Sadler Business College, eres Baltimore, was born, September 30, 1841, at Lock- ie port, Niagara County, New York. After graduating at the primary and high school of his native city he entered upon a course of study at Bryant & Stratton’s Busi- ness College in Buffalo, New York, and here laid the foundation of his future career in life, graduating with honor. At the close of his school-life he spent one year in active business, and thus commended by the develop- ment of his talents in that direction he was called to take charge of the Department of Penmanship and Bookkeep- ing in the public schools of the city of Lockport. Enter- ing upon his duties with enthusiasm he held the position for three years with increasing success. His work at- tracted the attention of Messrs. Bryant & Stratton, and inspired them to offer Mr. Sadler inducements to associate himself with them. He resigned his position at Lockport to accept an offer from them, Early in 1863 and for a short time he taught in the Cleveland and Buffalo colleges. From here he was transferred to Rochester, New York, and in connection with Messrs. Bryant, Stratton & Chap- man organized the Rochester College, since so highly prosperous. In December, 1863, he married Miss Letitia H. Ellicott, daughter of the late Andrew Ellicott, of Orleans 695 County, New York, whose ancestors were among the first - settlers of Ellicott’s Mills, Maryland, and in the summer of the ensuing year removed to Baltimore. It is here that Mr. Sadler may be said to have first fully individualized his reputation, connected as he had long been with the founders or the first practical appliers of a scheme of special business education. In establishing the Baltimore link in the famous international chain or association of business colleges which fell to his lot as organizer, Mr. Sadler first came prominently before the public. He founded the Bryant, Stratton & Sadler Business College in the summer of 1864. .At the end of three years the con- nection of Messrs. Bryant & Stratton with the Baltimore institution was dissolved, and Mr. Sadler, then its Presi- dent, became by purchase the entire owner. His per- sistent and earnest efforts and wise and liberal manage- ment have raised his institution to the front rank among the business colleges of the United States. Its standard is high, and its course of study the result of careful thought and long experience. Its aim is to give a thorough and practical business education, to graduate students as fully prepared to enter upon commercial pursuits as others are in other institutions for law, medicine, clergy, and the like. To this end Mr. Sadler has made a special endeavor to bring together all conveniences and appliances of known His college is fully equipped for the help, health, and comfort of the student. It has become to the young man intending a business life one of the attractive features of Baltimore. Over seven thousand young men have gone from this college prepared for a business career, many of whom are now prosperously engaged in active business life. Nearly three hundred students are now in daily attend- ance. Mr. Sadler is an expert in intricate branches of business calculations. He is one of the authors of the celebrated Orton & Sadler's Business Calculator, a work now extensively known and commanding a larger sale than any authorities ever before published. The first six months of publication it reached a sale of over thirty thousand copies, and is to-day acknowledged as the best textbook of the kind extant. Mr. Sadler is a member of the Episcopal Church. He has three children, two sons and one daughter. His home, “ Irvington,” is located in Baltimore County, a short distance from the city. value. WON: ITCHELL, Hon. WIiLLiAmM De Courcy, Farmer | MN: and Legislator, was born in Queen Anne’s Reyer County, Maryland, November 11, 1840. He r was the second son of Henry S. and Mary S. E. (De Courcy) Mitchell. His father is one of the largest landowners and tobacco planters in Southern Ma- ryland. At one time he owned between five and six thousand acres of land. His paternal grandfather was a very wealthy merchant in Baltimore. His mother is a 696 lineal descendant of Baron De Courcy, the English gen- eral who completed the supremacy of English rule in Ire- land, and became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, with the titles and estates of the old Anglo-Norman barony of Courcy and Kinsale. One of the descendants of Baron De Courcy, Hon. Henry De Courcy, emigrated to the Province of Ma- ryland with Lord Baltimore, or soon followed him, and re- ceived an estate near tle mouth of the Chester River, which was designated as ‘“ My Lord’s Gift,’ and has ever since borne that name. It was preserved intact in the direct family line until the year 1870, when it was sold under a mort- gage obtained upon it just prior to the late war. Mr. Mitchell spent four years at Georgetown College, District of Columbia, after which he was for two years a student at Mount St. Mary’s College, near Emmettsburg, Maryland. He then returned home and entered upon.the active duties of his chosen occupation as a farmer in Charles County, where he still resides. He has never been conspicuous in public affairs, preferring the peaceful pursuits of private life. In the campaign of 1877 he consented to be the candidate on the Independent Republican ticket, which was successful by a small majority. During the war he was an avowed Secessionist, and went to Virginia for the purpose of enlisting in the Confederate Army ; but finding the sentiment in that State so hostile to Maryland, because of her failure to secede and join the rebellion, he returned home. At the close of the war he accepted the situation in good faith, and believed it the sacred duty of every citizen to support the laws and Constitution of the United States. A change gradually took place in his sentiments, he becoming more and more liberal in his views, until in 1872 he joined the Republican party, voting for Grant in opposition to Greeley. He is now devoted to the prin- ciples of the Republican party, and heartily believes in the equal rights of all citizens before the law, and in the edu- cation and elevation of the masses as the only security for the stability of our free institutions. Mr. Mitchell was educated in the Roman Catholic faith, to which he adheres. WNSANIEL, Hon. WILLIAM, was born in Somerset ) County, Maryland, January 24, 1826. His an- G cestors on his father’s side were natives of North ? Carolina, some of whom have been distinguished for legal ability and position. His ancestors on his mother’s side were natives of Maryland. His father, Tra- vers Daniel, was a planter of Somerset County. Mr. Daniel entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1844, and graduated in 1848. He studied law in his native county with William O. Waters, and there began the practice of law in 1851. In 1858 he removed to Bal- timore, where he has since followed his profession, In June, 1860, he married Ellen Young, daughter of the late Sheriden Guiteau, her grandfather being the late Thomas BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Kelso, of Baltimore. Mr. Daniel professed conversion and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in the last years of his collegiate life, and a large portion of the time has been an official member of that Church. He has been a Trustee of the Mount Vernon Methodist Episcopal Church; a Trustee and Treasurer of the Educational Fund of the Baltimore Annual Conference; Secretary and Treas- urer of the Male Free School and Colvin Institute; a Trustee of the Centennial Biblical Institute ; a Manager of ~ the Baltimore Preachers’ Aid Society, and Trustee of the Kelso Home for Orphans. In 1860, in Staunton, Virginia, at a meeting of the lay members of the Baltimore Con- ference to consider the desirableness of having the Balti- more Conference united with the Methodist Church South, Mr. Daniel stood with the minority, and strongly advo- cated the continuance of the old relations. His views were then overruled, but time has vindicated their correct- ness. Mr. Daniel is a thorough temperance man. For years it has been one of the great aims of his life to help advance all movements designed to suppress the vice of intemperance and to secure the enactment and enforcement of prohibitory liquor laws. He has been President of the Maryland State Temperance Alliance ever since its organ- ization in 1873, mainly through the influence of which six and a half counties in Maryland have adopted prohibition by means of local option. To increase the strength and efficiency of this organization Mr. Daniel has contributed liberally, and has devoted to it much valuable time. He was three times elected to represent his native county in the Legislature, twice to the House of Delegates and once to the Senate. After removing to Baltimore he was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1863. Although he had been somewhat connected with slavery, he took a prominent part in the emancipation of the slaves. In the Constitutional Convention in 1864 he thus gave expression to his views: ‘I believe that slavery is a great moral evil, condemned alike by the spirit of Christianity, the teaching of the Bible, and the civilization of the age.’ In the early part of the civil war he co-operated with Henry Win- ter Davis in most of his measures. He always took high ground for the Union and the supreme power of the Gen- eral Government. These views we find ably elaborated in his speeches in the volumes of the debates of the Consti- tutional Convention. Mr. Daniel is an able and successful lawyer, and one of the most prominent, useful, and influ- ential citizens of Maryland. . EENISON, GENERAL ANDREW W., was born in the eG city of Baltimore December 15, 1831. He was a son of the late Marcus Denison, a prominent = merchant of Baltimore. At an early age he mani- fested a fondness for military life, and for many years was identified with the old Baltimore City Guards. When BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. that organization disbanded in 1861 he held the position of Lieutenant. In July, 1862, he entered the Union Army as Colonel of the Eighth Maryland Regiment, recruited in Baltimore, and subsequently became Commander by seni- ority of the Maryland Brigade in the Army of the Potomac. The Eighth Regiment was in the following engagements : Maryland Heights, Funkstown, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, Harris’s Farm, North Anna, Shady Grove, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Rail- road, Poplar Grove Church Chapel House, Peeble’s Farm, Hatcher’s Run, Hicksford, Dabney’s Mill, White Oak Road, Five Forks, and Appomattox Court-house. On May 8, 1864, at Laurel Hill, near Spottsylvania Court-house, Virginia, Colonel Denison while leading his brigade re- ceived a musket-ball in the right arm, resulting in the loss of that member. For gallant conduct in that action he was brevetted Brigadier-General. March 31, 1865, in command of his brigade, he was a second time severely wounded, being struck in the leg at the battle of White Oak Road, Virginia, and was promoted to Major-General of Volun- teers by brevet for gallantry. At the close of the war the surviving officers of the Maryland Federal regiments formed a social club, with General Denison President, which posi- tion he held continuously for twelve years. He was a Re- publican in politics, and after the war was spoken of in con- nection with the nomination for Mayor, but Hon. John Lee Chapman was the successful aspirant. Mayor Chap- man appointed General Denison one of the Judges of the Appeal Tax Court, which place he held for several years. In April, 1869, General Denison was made Postmaster at Baltimore by President Grant, which office he held until his death, which occurred February 24, 1877. His adminis- tration of the post-office was successful and popular with all classes in Baltimore, and he enjoyed the confidence of the President throughout. He was the first Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in Maryland, Chair- man of the Executive Committee and Treasurer of the So- cial Club of Baltimore City Guard Survivors, an honorary member of the Fifth Regiment Maryland National Guards, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. His funeral was largely attended and the ceremonies most imposing. —W, ORD, JoHn THompPpson, was born in Baltimore a é April 16, 1829. His father, Elias Ford, was a farmer of Baltimore County. He was an active and prominent member of the fraternity of Odd } Fellows for over fifty years. The principal educa- ‘tion of the subject of this sketch was received in the public schools of Baltimore. Before the twentieth year of his age he entered into the employment of his uncle, William Greanor, a well-known tobacco manufacturer of Richmond, Virginia, who afforded his nephew every opportunity for ale) 697 obtaining a thorough knowledge of the business, which, however, proved distasteful to him, and he concluded to enter into the book and periodical business, which he pur- sued for about a year. When twenty-two years of age he became business manager for George Kunkel’s Nightingale Minstrels, and conducted the troupe throughout the South and West in one of the most profitable tours which had been made by any similar band. Whilst on his travels with that troupe Mr. Ford contributed several interesting articles to the press, for which he has always displayed a strong partiality. He next formed a copartnership with George Kunkel and Thomas Moxley in the leasing of the Richmond, Virginia, and the Holliday Street, Baltimore, theatres. Those gentlemen took charge of the first and Mr. Ford of the last-mentioned theatre. Under his man- agement it speedily became one of the most popular and respectable places of amusement in Baltimore. Communi- cation between Baltimore and Richmond being interrupted by the civil war, the above partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Ford became the sole lessee and manager of the Hol- liday Street Theatre. He subsequently leased the Front Street Theatre, and erected in Washington the structure known as “ Ford’s Theatre.” In the spring of 1870 he conceived the project of constructing an opera house in a portion of the city nearer the centre of fashion than Hol- liday Street, and October 1, 1871, the handsome and com- modious building near the corner of Fayette and Eutaw streets, known as “Ford’s Grand Opera House,” was thrown open to the public. Mr. Ford is the sole lessee and manager of the National Theatre at Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia, and what is now known as “ Ford’s Opera House.” Besides these theatrical enterprises Mr. Ford has effected engagements with “star” performers, including such eminent actors as Edwin Booth and John T. Raymond to perform in several of the leading cities of the South and West. Though so permanently connected with the drama Mr. Ford has devoted himself largely to the inter- ests and prosperity of his native city, and has held several positions of honor and trust, in which he has proved himself eminently competent and useful. In 1858 he was elected to the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore, of which body he was chosen President, by virtue of which position he, in the absence of the Mayor of the city, fre- quently acted as Mayor ex officio. That post he sometimes filled for several consecutive months with marked ability and general acceptability. In 1871 he was elected to the Second Branch of the City Council, and in 1874 again elected to the First Branch. He has been a City Director . in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, a Commis- sioner of the McDonough Fund on the part of the city of Baltimore, and has served as President of the Union Rail- road. He has been largely identified with enterprises of public charity, and was the President of the Association for Giving Free Excursions to the Poor for several summers. He has been a Director in the Boys’ Home, and frequently 698 acted as foreman of the Grand Jury. Mr. Ford’s wife was Miss Edith B. Andrew, of Hanover, Pennsylvania. He has had eleven children. Two of his sons, Charles E. and George T. Ford, are actively aiding him in his dramatic enterprises. , Caan a> (i WeAMBLETON, Hon. SAMUEL, Member of the Forty- a C third and Forty-fourth congresses, and now resid- ing at Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, was born N. Hambleton, received few opportunities of educa- tion in his early years, but by careful self-culture fitted himself for the position of prominence and influence which he occupied through life. He was a man of great popu- larity in his district, and was for many years a member of the House of Delegates from Talbot County. He was also at one time Sheriff, and at another filled the office of State Senator. His father, William Hambleton, was a Captain in the Revolutionary Army. The family have for more than a century been honorably known in Talbot County, and the old homestead meeting-house is still in the passes- sion of Colonel Hambleton, Hon. Samuel Hambleton received his early education at the Easton Academy, and after passing through its curriculum commenced the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1833. The fol- lowing year he was elected by the Whig party a member of the House of Delegates, in which he served two terms. In 1844 he was elected State Senator, and served in that office till 1850. He had been reared in the principles of the Whig party, to which he adhered as long as it main- tained a separate existence, since which time he has at- tached himself to the Democracy. Mr, Hambleton was also in 1844 chosen as one of the Presidential electors. In 1845 he was appointed « Colonel of Cavalry by his Excellency, Governor Pratt, and organized five companies of the regiment in his district, assuming the command for four years. During the years 1853-4 he was President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. In 1870 he was elected to Congress on the Democratic ticket by a large majority. His opponent was Hon. Henry Torbert, of Cecil County. After serving in the Forty-third Congress he was re-elected and served again in the Forty-fourth. Colonel Hambleton was married in 1838 to Elizabeth, daughter of James Par- rott, who was Clerk of Talbot County for many years. They have two children, one son and one daughter. The son served throughout the war in the ranks of the Con- federate Army. WWeEWMAN, Wiiuiam G. H., M.D., was born near dN Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland, April 5 17, 1827. His paternal ancestors, who were of “? Trish origin, settled in Maryland as early as 1650. His mother’s ancestors came from England to Mary- land about 1765. The subject of this sketch received his BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. early education at Washington Academy in his native county. He was then sent to Jefferson College, Cannons- burg, Pennsylvania, where he remained one year, leaving in the Junior Class. In 1847, when twenty years of age, young Newman began the study of medicine under the distinguished Professor Nathan R. Smith, of Baltimore, and completed his course at the University of Maryland, from which he graduated in 1849 with high honors. The same year he entered upon the practice of medicine in George- town, District of Columbia, but removed to Washington soon after. His talents, energy, and high character soon brought him a large and lucrative practice, which has been increasing with advancing years, Apart from his profes- sional eminence he has a commanding influence as a citi- zen. At one time he was a member of the City Council of Washington, but his widespread practice required on his part a declination of official position, and he has de- voted himself entirely to his profession. Dr. Newman is a member of the Medical Society, as also of the “ Medical Association” of the District, and is Chief of the Medical Staff in charge of St. Ann’s Infant Asylum. In politics he was a Whig. In 1863 he was converted to the Catholic religion, and since that time he has been a devout and exemplary member of that Church, In 1850 Dr. Newman was married to Miss Mary A. Rider, of Somerset County, Maryland. This lady, like her husband, is a convert to Catholicism. ANDERFORD, Henry, Editor and Journalist, was born, December 23, 1811, at Hillsborough, Caro- “ToC” line County, Maryland. His father was William tt Vanderford, of Queen Anne’s County, who inter- married with Elizabeth Frampton, of Talbot County, Maryland. His maternal ancestors were from Wales ;. his paternal from the Netherlands. Both branches of ‘the family came to America in early colonial days. Among \ IN | the earliest land records of Queen Anne’s County is that of a tract of land of one thousand acres, subsequently di- vided into three farms of an equal number of acres each, in the neighborhood of Hall’s Cross-roads in that county, which property remained in the family through several generations. The father of William Vanderford, and grandfather of Henry Vanderford, was Charles Wrench Vanderford, who was farming his ancestral acres at the outbreak of the Revolution of 1776, and previously. He joined the American Army during the Revolution and was one of the Maryland Line. The subject of this sketch re- ceived an academic education at the Hillsborough Academy. Subsequently his father purchased land in Talbot County and removed thither, and he continued to attend the school in the neighborhood, his scholastic term continuing through a period of about ten years. In 1825 he entered the office of Thomas Perin Smith, at Easton, Maryland, where he BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA, acquired a knowledge of the printing business. Mr. Smith was the proprietor and publisher of the Easton Star, and continued to publish it until his death in 1832, when Mr. Vanderford went to Baltimore, and afterward to Philadel- phia. He was subsequently employed in printing the Easton, Maryland, Whig. In 1835 he bought the material of the Caroline Advocate, Denton, Maryland, and published that paper until the close of 1837, when he transferred the press and type to Centreville, Queen Anne’s County, Mary- Jand, and founded the Sevzzne/, the first number of which appeared January 1, 1838. The Advocate had received a fair patronage, but the removal of the office to Centreville was at the suggestion of William A. Spencer, Esq., and Hon. Richard B. Carmichael, who thought Queen Anne’s County a better field for enterprise, as the county was more popu- lous and more wealthy. The Caroline Advocate being the only paper in the county was independent in politics, but took a very decided part in the reform movement of 1836 and ’37. The Centreville Sentinel was a Democratic paper, as its editor had always been of that political faith, and participated actively in the election of Governor Grason in 1838, the first of the Governors elected by the people. He was married, June 6, 1839, to Angelina Vanderford, daughter of Henry Vanderford, Sr., of Centreville, a dis- tant relative of his father. In 1842he sold out the Seztine/ to Mr. Mandeville, and removed to Baltimore. In Balti- more he started 7he Ray, a weekly literary and educational journal, and also the Dazly News and the weekly Szates- man, the latter journals in association with Messrs. Adams and Brown. Zhe Ray was not sustained over a year, and after a few months his connection with Zhe Mews was closed in consequence of the severe night labor required. Messrs. Adams and Brown did not continue the enterprise long after Mr. Vanderford’s withdrawal from the firm. He then en- gaged in job printing at the corner of North and Baltimore streets, Baltimore, and continued in that business until February, 1848, when he bought the Cect/ Democrat, pub- lished at Elkton, Maryland, by Thomas M. Coleman, now City Editor of the Philadelphia Ledger. He enlarged the Democrat, quadrupled its circulation, and after a time fur- nished it with an entire new outfit. That paper was an ac- tive party journal, as its name implied, and was conducted by him very successfully for a period of seventeen years, until the close of the war in 1865. It was opposed to seces- sion, but opposed to the administration also, and hence was classed as a secession journal by the Union men. Thrice it was threatened with destruction by the returned soldiers at the instigation of ill-disposed citizens, but the editor had taken the precaution to engage some of the most determined men around him to defend his property, and the fact becoming known he attributed his escape from attack to that cause. While many of the Democratic papers in Maryland were suspended and their editors sent South, he managed to continue the uninterrupted publication of the Cecil Democrat, and did not lose a large amount of its 699 circulation. At the close of the volume, in 1865, he sold the paper to Messrs. Frederick Stump and Albert Consta- ble, two members of the Cecil bar. In about six months from the time of purchase they disposed of it to its present proprietor, Mr. George W. Cruikshank. After selling his journal and other property in Elkton he bought a farm in St. Mary’s County, on the Patuxent River, and success- fully engaged for three years in agricultural pursuits, but owing to the ill health of himself and family he reluc- tantly relinquished his farming operations, sold out, and re- moved to Middletown, Delaware, where, in January, 1868, he founded the Afiddletown Transcript, the first and only journal published in that place. The Transcript was a success from the beginning, and grew in popularity with all parties, though moderately Democratic. In 1870 he was succeeded in the publication of the 7ranscript by his youngest son, Charles H. Vanderford. In March, 1868, his eldest son, William H. Vanderford, bought the Demo- cratic Advocate, published at Westminster, Maryland. The business of the office increasing very rapidly on his hands he induced his father to remove to Westminster and aid him in the editorial conduct of the paper, which he did in November, 1870, and has occupied the position of joint editor with his son ever since. Under their management the Democratic Advocate has become one of the largest and most widely circulated journals in Maryland, outside of the city of Baltimore. It is printed by steam power in a brick building, forty by eighty feet in size, erected especially for the purpose. The Democratic Advocate is the successor of the Western Maryland Democrat, which journal was de- stroyed by a mob in April, 1865, and its editor, Mr. Joseph Shaw, murdered. In 1873 Mr. Vanderford was elected to the House of Delegates from Carroll County, and was a member of that body during the session of 1874, in which he took an active part. His wife, still living, is the mother of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters. Only three of the sons are living, the eldest and the youngest of whom are journalists, the youngest being located at Har- risonburg, Virginia, and is publisher of the Old Common- wealth of that place. His second son, Dr. Julien J. Van- derford, is a dentist, and at present (1878) pursuing the practice of his profession in Frankford-on-the-Main, Ger- many. Mr. Vanderford has led an active business life. He has held no public station except that of a member of the Legislature, previously referred to. He and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He is a Mason, and was formerly a member of the Order of Odd Fellows. Berkeley County, West Virginia, February 15, 1841. He is the son of Hierome L. Opie, of Jefferson County, Virginia, whose early ancestors came from England. Thomas received his early education at Pike Powers School, preparatory academy, at 700 Staunton, Virginia. At the age of eighteen he went to the University of Virginia, where he pursued the academic course the first session; the following session he took the medical course, after which he completed his studies and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadel- phia. In 1861 he returned to his native place, and as the war had just begun he enlisted as a private in the Con- federate Army under General Garnet in West Virginia. At the close of the first campaign he was elected Surgeon of the Twenty-fifth Virginia Regiment. He continued in that position until after the battle of Antietam, when he was placed upon duty in the hospital at Staunton, Virginia, where he remained until the close of the war. He then went immediately to Baltimore and commenced the prac- tice of his profession in that city, which he has since con- tinued to do. In 1872 he was one of six gentlemen who organized the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bal- timore, and has been Dean of the Faculty from the or- ganization up to this time (1879). Dr. Opie married, November 13, 1867, Miss Sallie Harnan, daughter of M. G. Harnan, Esq., of Staunton, Virginia. They have seven children. The doctor is 42 member of St. Luke’s Protestant Episcopal Church of Baltimore. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, DL (WHONKUR, JoHn CAVENDISH SMITH, M.D., late DXA eu Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine in the Wash- e ington University of Baltimore, was born in that city December 31, 1800. His parents were of Scotch and English descent. Their circumstances were easy, and until his seventeenth year they were able to give their son every advantage of education. At an early age his progress in the science of navigation and lunar ob- servation was so remarkable that he was made assistant teacher in the school he attended. He showed great apt- ness in instructing others, and continued in the position two years. He pursued his studies even out of school with the greatest industry, devoting whatever leisure he could find to the study of natural history. He was es- pecially fond of comparative anatomy and of making dissec- tions, which had much to do with his future course of life. This induced his father to direct his attention to the study of medicine, and preparatory to this he placed him in a drug store, where he remained twelve months. In August, 1816, he became a pupil in the office of Dr. Cosmo G. Stevenson. Soon after his father becoming involved as surety for others, lost all his property, and from that time his son was left entirely to his own resources. For three years his only support was obtained from a small class of night scholars, an occasional gift from his pre- ceptor, and the receipts for fugitive pieces of writing. In consequence of this inability to clothe himself well he BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. spent the Sabbaths of these years closely in his room, and suffered many privations, but pursued his studies with the closest application. He privately prepared himself in anatomical knowledge, and was admitted prosector to the late Dr. John D. Godman, then Demonstrator of Anatomy in the University of Maryland. This position gave him his medical lectures free, and enabled him to graduate in March, 1822. But before this, in 1819, the yellow fever fell upon Baltimore. At the worst period of the epidemic young Monkur, then only nineteen years of age, left his preceptor’s office and repaired to Fell’s Point, the seat of the disease, where he devoted his whole time and energies to the relief of the afflicted. In many houses every inmate was ill, and he performed for them the double duty of nurse and physician, and assisted in carrying out the dead. The Mayor and City Council of Baltimore passed resolutions. thanking him for his zeal and devotion, and compensated him for his services. At the close of the epidemic his friendly associations in so many families and his reputa- tion for success in the treatment of fever made many de- mands upon him, and on receiving his diploma he found himself in a lucrative practice, which steadily increased. He was appointed in 1823 Physician to the Baltimore Eastern Dispensary, of which he had the care two years. In 1828 Dr. Monkur planned and formed a society entitled “ The Maryland Society for the Cultivation of the Vine,” and at a meeting called for the purpose delivered an address before the Mayor and a number of the most in- fluential citizens. In 1835 Dr. Monkur erected at the cost of $5000 the “ Fell’s Point Institute,” with museum, lec- ture, and hall-rooms, and delivered the first course of lec- tures to a class of four hundred citizens. He received at its close a public resolution of thanks and encouragement. In 1836 he received the appointment of Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine in the Washington University of Baltimore, and until he ‘resigned his chair in 1857 delivered there a yearly course of lectures. In 1837, in connection with the Medical Fac- ulty of the school, the present University College and Hos- pital on Broadway was founded, Here in association with his daily course of lectures he attended the Hospital De- partment as Professor of Clinical Medicine. As a clinical teacher he was unequalled, and as a lecturer he was re- markably full, clear,and profound. Acute perception and unwearied industry characterized him. He had admirable tact in detecting slight, obscure, or latent symptoms of dis- ease, often at first sight determining its character by his physiognomical skill alone, and was much sought as a con- sulting physician. At the age of twenty-five Dr. Monkur married Hannah, the widow of Nicholas Leeke. She died in 1846, and two years later he married Mary Catha- rine, daughter of John Busk, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. He continued his large and wear- ing practice till within a week of his death, departing this life January 1, 1867, aged sixty-seven years. His younger BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. and only surviving son, Cosmo G. S. Monkur, named for his father’s early preceptor, was born July 23, 1852. He was educated at Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmettsburg, and, September 15, 1870, entered the office of Dr. Frank Donaldson as a medical student. Failure of health com- pelled him after some time to relinquish study, and he is now engaged in business. Harriet, the eldest daughter of Dr. Monkur, died in infancy. Marie Blanche was received into the convent of Mount St. Agnes, Mount Washington, April 4, 1878, and Ellen Genevieve is at home with her mother and brother. SWY2ORRIS, Rev. Ruesa Scorr, Pastor of the Wash- a \ 5 ington Street Methodist Protestant Church, Balti- x more, was born in Harford County, Maryland, : August 7, 1820. His father, Rev. Rhesa Norris, t was from the time of its earliest organization a local minister of the above denomination, and was a mem- ber of its first convention. His mother was a woman of saintly character. He enjoyed but few advantages of edu- cation in early life, his later attainments being largely due to his own unaided efforts. In 1842, soon after attaining his majority, he connected himself with the Maryland Annual Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, his first appointment being to Hough Creek Circuit. Since that period he has been in active service in the itin- erant ministry, exercising the pastorate for longer or shorter terms on New Market Circuit, Hough Creek Cir- cuit, a second time, Anne Arundel Circuit, Newtown Circuit, Brickmakers’ Church in Philadelphia, New Market Circuit again, Baltimore Circuit, Howard Cir- cuit, Talbot Circuit, Bel Air Circuit, Pipe Creek Cir- cuit, Frederick Circuit, Starr Church, Baltimore, Kent Circuit, and from 1875 to 1878 the Washington Street Church in Baltimore. In all of these appointments he has been favored with revivals, and in some instances with large additions to the church membership. On the occa- sion of one of his first services on the Bel Air Circuit, he was seated in the pulpit with a minister who thirty years before had been his classmate in the Sunday-school of St. John’s Methodist Protestant Church in Baltimore, and in the audience was Mr. Albert G. Griffith, their former Sunday-school teacher, through whose instrumentality Mr. Norris was converted. To the three the thoughts and as- sociations awakened by such a meeting were most precious. On taking charge of the Pipe Creek Circuit, in Carroll County, Maryland, Mr. Norris found that his only daughter could not there enjoy the educational advantages required at her age, and after consulting with several prominent gentlemen in the county he decided to establish the needed literary institution. This he did at Union Town, and the school was highly successful from the beginning. Pupils came from several adjoining counties and from 89 Jol Philadelphia. It was called the Union Town Literary Institute, and teachers of ability were engaged in its de- partments. It was finally absorbed by the Western Maryland College in the flourishing rural city of West- minster, then embraced in the Pipe Creek Circuit. Pro- fessor Fayette RK. Buell was Principal. Mr. Norris was one of the originators of the institution, and was elected its first President. The building was substantial and com- modious, and with the grounds was afterward purchased by the Maryland Annual Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, and now constitutes the college above named. It was regularly incorporated by the Legislature in 1868 with full collegiate powers. Mr. Norris is still a member of its Board of Trustees by election of his Con- ference. Being eminently a peacemaker there have been few difficulties in the churches under his pastoral care which he has not been able to harmonize by his personal influence. In his ministry of thirty-six years he has not had half a dozen church trials, having generally been able to settle quietly any trouble that occurred without com- promising the integrity of religious interests. He is gifted with a remarkable love of order and promptitude, is never late in his attendance upon his engagements, and but once, when sick, has he failed to be present at roll-call at the opening of the sessions of his Conference. From time to time the Conference has conferred upon him various offices of honor and trust. He has been placed on im- portant committees, and has long been a member of the Faculty of Instruction. On several occasions he has rep- resented his Conference as Fraternal Delegate in his own Church and at the sessions of other ecclesiastical bodies. He was a member of the General Convention which met in Baltimore in May, 1877, at which the union of the two sections of the Methodist Protestant Church in the United States was so happily effected. Mr. Norris was married, January 4, 1844, to Miss Selina C., daughter of Rev. Jesse Wright, M.D., of Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, and has seven children. WG ss bos Ricut Rev. WILLIAM RoLuin- i ) } SON, D.D., Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal “igeaoe Church in Maryland, was born of English pa- rents in the city of New York December 2, 1805. He attended the General Theological Seminary, and graduated in 1825, a year in advance of the canonical age of ordination. He was admitted to the ministry in 1827, made Deacon by Bishop Hobart and sent to Orange, New Jersey, and its surroundings as a Missionary. In 1831 he became Rector of St. Luke’s Church in his na- tive city, where his eloquence brought him at once into prominence. In 1834, his health being impaired, he went to the South of Europe to recuperate, and returned home the following year greatly benefited. In 1835 ! 702 . he was called to the chair of Ecclesiastical History in the General Theological Seminary, which position he filled with marked success for five years, during which time he acquired a wide reputation as a teacher. vacancy occurred in the diocese of Maryland and he was elected Bishop. He was consecrated in Baltimore Sep- tember, 1840, and since then has resided in that city. Since his accession there has been a steady advance in all that pertains to the material and spiritual welfare of the Church and of the institutions of benevolent character within his diocese. Bishop Whittingham has made many valuable contributions to religious literature. In 1871, at the Convention of Bishops, he was commissioned to visit Europe for the purpose of ascertaining the state and con- dition of the various reformatory Church measures which had just been inaugurated in Germany and Italy, which mission he performed. He was present at the Bonn Con- ference of Old Catholics in 1872, and returned to this country immediately afterward. convictions, a ripe scholar, an able prelate, and throughout his whole career as Bishop has been deservedly popular. He is a man of strong ’ y rN ODGERS, CoMMODORE JOHN, was born, August 3, AN: 1771, in Harford County, Maryland. His father emigrated to this country from Scotland in 1755, - and was Colonel of Maryland militia in our war for 2 independence. In the battle of Brandywine he was especially conspicuous for his personal courage. He mar- ried Elizabeth Reynolds, of good family in Delaware. John was their second son and third child. At the age of fourteen he was placed on a ship sailing from Baltimore, of which his father was part owner, and evidenced so much’ capacity that by the time he was of age he com- manded a ship sailing to Hamburg and Liverpool. At the latter place the flag of his country being insulted he de- fended it with great bravery and compelled a retraction of the offence. In one of his voyages he was wounded, his ship captured and confiscated under the tyrannical laws of the French Republic, and he was detained for some time a In 1798, as First Lieutenant of the frigate Constellation, he took part in the battle which re- sulted in the capture of the French frigate L’Insurgente, on board of which he was placed as Prize Master, with Midshipman Porter and twelve or fifteen seamen. A sud- den gale separated them from the other vessels, the ship was disabled, the one hundred and seventy-five prisoners yet unconfined, and the decks were strewn with the dead and wounded. Lieutenant Rodgers immediately ordered the prisoners to be driven below, and stationed sentinels at the hatches with orders to blow off the first head that appeared above deck, and after two days and nights with- out a moment’s rest the ship was safely brought into the harbor of St. Kibb in the West Indies. In 1799 he was prisoner in France. In 1840 a’ BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. promoted to the rank af Captain, and cruised in the West Indies in command of the sloop Maryland, and in the Mediterranean in command of the John Adams. In 1805 he commanded the United States squadron in that sea, and during the war with the Barbary powers destroyed the principal cruiser of the Bey of Tripoli. Afterwards on the Constitution he brought the boastful Bey of Tunis to terms, forcing him to sign a treaty and to send an ambassador to the United States. In 1811, while cruising off the coast of the United States in the frigate President, a British ship at night answered his hail by opening fire, to which the broadside of the President was returned and the enemy silenced. She proved to be His Majesty’s sloop-of-war Little Belt, and had suffered much from loss of men and injury to the vessel. The affair caused much excitement in the two countries, and in England the Commodore was denounced in the strongest terms. In June, 1812, nearly the whole navy of the United States was assembled in the harbor of New York under his command, and sailed in pursuit of a British fleet of one hundred merchant vessels bound to England from the West Indies, and convoyed by a frigate. Overtaking them the second day out, the Com- modore’s ship outsailing the rest of the squadron got near enough to open fire, and the first gun fired during thé war was sighted and fired by the Commodore in person, the shot passing through the stern of the frigate, killing two men and dismantling a gun. During this engagement a bow gun of the President burst, killing and wounding fifteen men and breaking the leg of the Commodore. During the years 1812 and 1813 the President cruised off the coast of Scotland and kept many of the enemy’s ships busy. In the summer of the latter year the President was laid up for repairs, and Commodore Rodgers was at Phila- delphia superintending the construction of a new frigate when the Britsh fleet entered the Chesapeake, and by a. march from the mouth of the Patuxent captured Washing- ton, burned the public buildings, etc. Commodore Rodgers with the crew of his ship hastened thither, and with Commedores Porter and Perry, by means of five ships and batteries on shore, compelled the enemy to abandon the Potomac. In September he saved Bal- timore from an attack by obstructing the channel, sink- ing vessels for that purpose. In 1815 he was made President of the Board of Navy Commissioners, holding that position till 1825, when he commanded the Mediter- ranean Squadron until 1828, resuming at that time his place on the Navy Board. In 1832 he suffered from an attack of cholera, from the effects of which he never re- covered, and died in Philadelphia in 1838, He was mar- ried in 1806 to Miss Minerva Denison, from the vicinity of Havre-de-Grace, Maryland. She survived her husband thirty-eight years, and died at the age of ninety-three. They had a large family. One of their sons, Frederick Rodgers, a young midshipman, was drowned in a vain effort to rescue a messmate, and Lieutenant Henry Rodgers BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. was lost in the sloop-of-war Albany, from which no tidings were ever received. Rear-Admiral John Rodgers entered the navy in 1828, and the eldest son, Colonel Robert S. Rodgers, lives in Harford County, at the old family home- stead, where his father and mother were married. He married the daughter of Commodore Matthew C. Perry in 1841. Two of his sons, Commander Frederick Rodgers and Lieutenant John A. Rodgers, are in the naval service. The second son, Captain Calbraith Perry Rodgers, Fifth United States Cavalry, was killed in his tent-by lightning in August, 1878. OBLE, Rev. Mason, D.D., Pastor of the Sixth DWE Presbyterian Church, Washington, District of Columbia, was born in Williamstown, Massa- chusetts, March 18, 1809. He entered Williams College in 1823, and graduated in 1827. After his graduation he spent a year in teaching in the city of New York. He then entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton, where he perfected himself in the Hebrew lan- guage. In the spring of 1830 he became a tutor in his Alma Mater,and continued to discharge the duties of that position until the autumn of 1831. pursued his theological studies, and was licensed to preach by the Berkshire Congregational Association in June, 1831. Prior to entering upon his ministerial studies he studied for six months under the Rev. Dr. Beman, of the First Pres- byterian Church of Troy, New York, during which time he preached occasionally. While thus employed he was called to the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Washington, District of Columbia. His labors there commenced in 1832, and were attended with great success. In July, 1839, he became Pastor of the Eleventh Presbyterian Church of New York, and continued there for eleven years, Sub- sequently he accepted a unanimous call from the Inde- pendent Presbyterian Church of Baltimore to become Col- league Pastor of the Rev. Dr. Duncan, who was then in failing health. His ministrations there, as they had been in other places, were fruitful of good results. Soon after- ward he was called to the Pastorate of a church which had just been organized in Washington, District of Columbia, in the vicinity of the Smithsonian Institution. About this time President Pierce tendered him a Chaplaincy in the Navy with an assignment to duty in the Washington Navy Yard, which position he accepted, as his duties as Chaplain did not interfere with his regular church work. A hand- some house of worship was erected by his congregation during his pastorate, and dedicated in 1855. The same year he accepted a proposition to join the naval squadron about to visit the Mediterranean. He accordingly became Chaplain on the flagship Congress, and after a lengthy cruise, during which he visited many of the most interest- ing localities in the world, he returned to Washington and resumed his pastoral duties, and was again assigned to In the meantime he 703 duty in the Washington Navy Yard. These labors were continued until the second year of the civil war, when he was ordered as Naval Chaplain to the Naval Academy at Newport, Rhode Island. Soon after the close of the war he spent one year in his native town in Massachusetts, where he occupied the pulpit of the First Congregational Church, where he had been baptized in infancy, and where he was first ordained to the work of the Gospel ministry. In 1865 the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Williams College. After being ordered on duty to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and serving there for some time, he was again sent to the Washington Navy Yard. On returning to Washington in 1870 he was again invited to resume his labors with the Sixth Presby- terian Church, which invitation he accepted, and being placed upon the retired list of naval officers in 1872, has for the past seven years continued to devote all his time to the interests of his church. During this period the church has largely increased in membership, and the work gen- erally is in a very prosperous condition. Dr. Noble is an earnest temperance advocate. As far back as 1833 he was President of the “ Young Men’s Total Abstinence Society of Washington,” the first organization of the kind in that city, and he is now the President of the “ Central Temper- ance Organization,” in which are represented more than fifty temperance organizations in the churches and orders of the city. Inthe course of his ministry Dr. Noble has published a large number of discourses, and his platform speeches on education, home missions, and temperance have been widely distributed. He has also been a frequent contributor to the public press, his foreign correspondence, beginning with a visit to Canada in 1847, being very vo- luminous. For many years the Bible has been his chief study; yet, with his scholarly taste and habits, he keeps well versed in the current literature of the day. Although he has written many hundred sermons, his practice has been to preach without notes after a thorough and exhaus- tive study of the subject. UNDERLAND, Rev. Byron, D.D., Pastor of the D First Presbyterian Church of Washington, was x born in Shoreham, Addison County, Vermont, i November 22, 1819. The ancestors of his parents, t Asa and Olive (Wolcott) Sunderland, were among the earliest settlers in New England, and bore an honor- able part in its history and in the Revolutionary struggle. Until he was twelve years of age he was a farmer’s boy, attending the district school, and full of life and playful- ness, but he had always an unbounded reverence for re- ligious things, and his mother’s death before he was quite fourteen sealed the determination he had already formed that he would some day be a preacher, A few months later he joined the Congregational Church, to which she had belonged. His taste was also very decided for 704 mechanical pursuits, for which he still has great fondness. After his graduation from Middlebury College in 1838 he became Principal of an academy at Port Henry, New York, and in 1841 entered the Union Theological Semi- nary. Here he was thrown almost entirely into the society of Presbyterians, and finally united with the church of the Rey. Dr. Erskine Mason, from which he has never re- moved his membership. On graduating from the Semi- nary he was united in marriage with Mary Elizabeth Tomlinson, of Middlebury, Vermont, May 22, 1843, and accompanied the family, who were removing to Western New York. Invited to preach in the Presbyterian Church in Batavia he was soon called to the pastorate, and was ordained and installed. After eight years here of arduous labor he was Pastor for eighteen months of Park Church in Syracuse, when he accepted a call to the First Presby- terian Church in Washington. Entering upon this pastoral charge in February, 1853, it has continued with some in- terruptions to the present time. In 1857 his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was elected in 1861 Chaplain of the Senate of the United States, which office he resigned three years later in conse- quence of broken health; and accepting the charge of the American Union Chapel in Paris sailed from New York in August, 1864. His appointment was for four years, but at the end of the first year his health having improved he yielded to the urgent request of his people, and returned to Washington with his family, where he has since con- tinued. Since 1873 he has been Chaplain of the Senate. A decided anti-slavery man, Dr. Sunderland has always taken a bold stand on the side of his country, and his many sharp public discussions with the most prominent men of opposing beliefs and theories have everywhere awakened great interest. A large number of his sermons, addresses, lectures, and poems have also been published, and each in their day have accomplished great good. He has long been a life member of the principal religious and charitable organizations of the country, and is a Mason of high order. Many honors, both civil and religious, have been conferred upon him. During his eighteen months absence in Europe he visited many points of interest, and has travelled quite extensively in this country, making a trip to California in 1861. Dr. and Mrs. Sunderland have two daughters and a son; and their son, who married Miss Abbie Redfield, has two sons and a daughter. AEA DDESS, ALEXANDER, was born in Stafford County, G Virginia, September 29, 1799. His grandfather removed from Dumfries, Scotland, and settled in ¥* the above county in the eighteenth century. His father, Alexander Gaddess, Sr., married Katie, daughter of Joshua and Catharine Kendal, of the same State. He died in 1815 in the prime of manhood. The BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. subject of this sketch came to Baltimore when only twelve years of age, and became apprenticed to a Captain Towson in the stonecutting business. Here, in accord with his natural bent, he formed those habits of industry, frugality, and morality which became the foundation of his success in life and of the high esteem in which he was always held. Having completed his apprenticeship and worked some time as a journeyman he, in 1824, entered into part- nership in the same business with Messrs. Towson and Anderson, under the firm name of Towson, Anderson & Gaddess, which continued for several years, when Mr. Gaddess located at the corner of Sharpe and German streets, where he successfully conducted his business on his own account till 1864. He then retired, giving his business into the hands of his sons, Thomas S., Charles W., and Virginius Gaddess, which they still continue. Mr. Gaddess then purchased a residence in Baltimore County, where he resided till his death, which occurred April 9, 1873. Mr. Gaddess was married, November, 1821, to Mary A., daughter of John Westford, a native of London, England, who had settled in Maryland in the latter part of the last century. In politics Mr. Gaddess was an old- line Whig, and although deeply interested in the prosperity of his adopted country, and earnestly seeking its welfare, he never sought or held any public office. In 1827 he united with Cassia Lodge of the Masonic brotherhood, and maintained his membership in that Order during the rest of his life. For several years he was Lieutenant of the First Volunteers, a company of mechanics attached to the Fifth Regiment Maryland Militia, He was a member and trustee of the Methodist Protestant Church, and led an exemplary Christian life. Of his nine children three sons and two daughters are still living. He was a man of fine personal appearance, of simple tastes, unobtrusive manners, and of most genial disposition, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. ee GrorGE E., Lawyer, Baltimore, Mary- IN. land, eldest son of Arthur B. and Mildred E. Nelson, was born at “ Cherry Hill,” the home of his ancestors, Culpepper County, Virginia, Septem- ber 8, 1849. He was educated at a private school in his native county, and at the age of sixteen entered Roanoke College in the same State, from which he grad- uated in 1869, receiving the first honor of his class. He then entered the University of Virginia, taking a literary and philosophical course in connection with the study of law, and graduating in Moral Philosophy in 1870 under the now famous Dr. William H. McGuffey. At the com- mencement of 1871 he received the degree of LL.B., and represented the Jefferson Society of the University as its final orator. In the fall of the same year he commenced the practice of his profession in Baltimore, and the follow- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. ing winter married Miss Eleanor W. Taliaferro, daughter of General Alexander G. and Agnes Harwood Marshall Taliaferro, all of his native county, the last-named being a granddaughter of Chief Justice Marshall, Mr. Nelson is a thorough scholar and a lawyer of acknowledged ability. In politics he is a Democrat, and has canvassed Baltimore and Maryland in several campaigns. Well fitted for the task by his classical tastes and culture, he has frequently accepted invitations to address classes graduating at col- leges and universities. Mr. Nelson is a member of the Episcopal Church. His character and talents have won for him an enviable place in the esteem and regard of the community. ; WINN, Hon. CHar.es J. M., Attorney-General of G Maryland, was born in Baltimore October 21, 1822. He graduated from Princeton College, New Jersey, i in 1840, was admitted to the bar in Baltimore in 1843, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1849 he was 2 member of the House of Delegates, and the following yéar was elected to the State Constitutional Convention. In 1851 he was chosen State’s Attorney for Baltimore city for the term of four years. In 1852 he was one of the Presidential electors on the Demo- cratic ticket. From 1856 to 1875 he did not appear in public life, but devoted himself unremittingly to the duties of his profession. In the autumn of the latter year he was elected Attorney-General of the State for four years from January 1, 1876, which office he now holds. He is a recognized leader in the councils of the Democratic party, with which he is allied. In religion he is a member of the Episcopal Church. He has travelled extensively throughout America and Europe, and for several years has spent most of his summer vacations across the At- lantic. In 1851 he married a daughter of Reverdy John- son. Wa URKE, Rev. GEorcE WASHINGTON, the third out SAP} of eleven children of William and Mary Burke, 6 was born in Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware, “? March 17, 1836. His parents, members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church from very early life, are still living. His paternal grandfather emigrated to this coun- try from Ireland about the close of the Revolutionary war, and was for many years a teacher in East New, Market, Dorchester County, Maryland. George W. Burke attended the district school from his fifth year, and after reaching his fourteenth year began earnestly to fit himself to be a teacher. This vocation he entered upon in 1858, at the age of nineteen, and followed for ten years. The same year he united witi: the Church of his parents, and soon after commenced preparing for the ministry. He was licensed to preach in 1861, and was a local preacher for Island, where he now resides. 795, four years. In 1865 he was received into the Philadelphia Annual Conference, and was appointed to Georgetown, Delaware. The two following years he was stationed at Frankford, in 1868 at Milton, and in 1869 and ’7o at Lewes, all in the same State. The next two years he was in Dorchester County, Maryland, and the two following at Berlin. In 1875 he was appointed to Delmar, and in 1876 and ’77 was again in Delaware at Christiana. In 1878 he became Pastor of the church of his denomination on Kent On the organization of the Wilmington Conference in 1868 Mr. Burke’s field of labor fell within its bounds, and he has been in it an effective preacher for the last ten years. He was first married in October, 1859, to Miss Nellie P. Lee, niece of Caleb Shepard, of Dorchester County, who left him three chil- dren. In 1876 he was again married to Laura Virginia, youngest daughter of the late William J. and Julia A. Wood, of Salisbury, Maryland. Vay CHARDON, ELIN HALL, M.D., was born Octo- XE ber 6, 1825, at Bel Air, Harford County, Mary- oy" land. He was the son of Major William and t Catharine (Hall) Richardson. Major William’s pa- rents were Henry and McMorgan Richardson. Catharine Hall, wife of Major William Richardson, was the daughter of Captain Elin Hall, who commanded a company in the Revolutionary war, and was taken prisoner at the battle on Long Island, where he afterwards made the acquaintance of and married Gertrude Cowenhouen, of a family of much prominence on that island. Major William Richardson served with distinction in the war of 1812. His children were Henry Richardson, Sophia Richardson, Cynthia Richardson, Gertrude Richardson, Dr. E. Hall Richardson, and Dr. William S. Richardson. Elin Hall Richardson, the subject of this sketch, was edu- cated at the Harford Academy, R. Denis and Samuel Whann principals. He read medicine with Professor Dunbar, of Baltimore, and was graduated at Washington University, Baltimore, in 1848, Since then he has practiced his pro- fession in Bel Air and over a large extent of surround- ing territory. Having attained a high reputation for skill in his profession, he has enjoyed an extended and lucra- tive practice. Though decided in his political opinions and active in the Democratic party, with which he has al- ways affiliated, he has never been an aspirant for political honors, He has always taken a deep interest in educa- tion, and has for thirteen years been a member, and Presi- dent for several years, of the School Board of his county, and a member of the State Board of Public Education. He is a Past Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of the Order of Masons of Maryland, and an active member of his lodge at Bel Air. Educated in the faith of his fathers at the age of seventeen years he was admitted into the 706 membership of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has been an Elder for nearly thirty years. In 1854 he mar- ried Alice A. Wilson, daughter of Dr. Joshua and Rebecca Wilson, of Harford County. The fruit of this marriage is five surviving children, viz., Alice Catharine, Parmela Rebecca, Mary Cassander, Henrietta Gertrude, and Joshua Wilson. Dr. Richardson enjoys in a marked degree the respect and confidence of his acquaintances. As lanthropist, was born in Georgetown, District of re’ Columbia, December 27, 1798. His father, Thomas i Corcoran, one of the most prominent and influential of the early citizens of Georgetown, was a native of Treland, and emigrated to America in early youth. No citizen of Washington or Georgetown is better known or stands higher in public estimation than Mr. Corcoran. His life has been one of great business activity, and is rich in deeds of philanthropy. For many years he engaged suc- cessfully in mercantile pursuits in Georgetown, and from 1828 to 1836 had the management of the real estate of the Bank of the United States in the city of Washington, and the Bank of Columbia in Georgetown. He subsequently engaged in the exchange business in Washington, first in Pennsylvania Avenue, and afterwards in the building of the old Bank of the Metropolis on F Street, and in 1844, in partnership with Mr. George W. Riggs, purchased the old Bank of the United States, where the firm became permanently established. The operations of this firm were on a large scale and attended with great success. Mr. Corcoran retired from business in 1854, and has since de- voted his time and means to works of benevolence and the advancement of science, literature, and art. He donated to Washington and Lee University a choice library of five thousand volumes, and bestowed the first sum of money to raise William and Mary College of Virginia from the con- dition in which it had been placed during the civil war. He also made donations to the University of Virginia, the Virginia Military Institute, and made a liberal endowment of landed property to Columbia College of Washington, “including in the latter donation a fine building used as a medical department of that institution. He established and endowed Oak Hill Cemetery, situated on the pictur- esque heights of Georgetown. In 1835 Mr. Corcoran married Louise Morris, daughter of Commodore Morris. She died five years after their marriage, leaving a son, who survived her but a short time, and a daughter, Louise, who in 1859 was married to Hon. George Eustis, a Representa- tive in Congress from the State of Louisiana, and after several years’ residence in Paris died at Cannes, in Decem- ber, 1867, leaving three children. In memory of his only daughter he erected the “ Louise Home,” one of the most GO ovoom WILLIAM WILson, Capitalist and Phi- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. useful benevolent institutions in the country. The build- ing itself is complete in all its appointments, and is one of the most beautiful structures in Washington. So munifi- cent have been his charities that the late George Peabody admitted that in Mr. Corcoran he had found a strong com- petitor in acts of benevolence. In Mr. Corcoran art has found a munificent patron, and the magnificent gallery in Washington which bears his name has given him world- wide celebrity, and will serve as an enduring monument to his memory after he has passed away. SOMER, Rev. SAMUEL, D.D., Pastor of St. Paul’s d English Lutheran Church, Washington, District of a Columbia, was born January 22, 1826, at Sabbath uit) Rest, Blair County, Pennsylvania, where his child- hood and youth were passed. His parents were John and Catharine Domer; his father a native of Mary- land, his mother of Pennsylvania, and both of German origin, whose ancestors many years before had emigrated to America. His father and mother were both pious, and from childhood he had the loving attention and training which such parentage involves. The family genealogical record in many respects is very meagre; but tradition has it that some generations back the name appeared with some degree of prominence in the clerical roll of the Church in Germany. His grandfather was a man of sterling integrity and of respectable attainments, educated chiefly in the German language, and remarkable for his knowledge of the Scriptures. Mr. Domer’s early educa- tion was pursued in the common country schools. He went to school in the winter, and worked during the sum- mer at such employment as country life presented and re- quired. At sixteen years of age he began to teach a country school in the forests of Cambria County, Pennsyl- vania, receiving sixteen dollars per month, out of which he paid five dollars per month for boarding. After that he alternated between study and teaching and other kinds of work. In the spring of 1849 he entered Wittenberg Col- lege, Springfield, Ohio, and was graduated with the second honors of the class in 1853. He entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, soon after his graduation. Rev. S. S. Schmucker, D.D., and Rev. C. P. Krauth, D.D., were the active professors in that seminary at that time. Under their guidance and care Mr. Domer passed his seminary career. He left the seminary in the spring of 1855, and under the sanction and commendation of Dr. Schmucker accepted a call to the pastorate of the English Lutheran Church at Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. He began his ministry there May 17, 1855, before he was regularly licensed. He was licensed by the old Pittsburg Synod at Canton, Ohio, in June of the same year. He was transferred from the Pittsburg Synod to the East Pennsyl- BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. vania Synod as a licentiate, and the following year was ordained. Mr. Domer resided at Selinsgrove fourteen years, eleven years as Pastor of the church. At the close of the tenth year of his pastorate he took charge of the interests of the Susquehanna Female College in the same town, and from 1865 to 1869 was its Principal, serving the church also as Pastor for one year longer in connection with his labors as Principal of the school. He resigned the pastorate in 1866, and for the three following years de- voted himself principally to the duties of the college. Prosperity and success attended his services in that institu- tion, but his tastes and inclinations running in the direction of ministerial work he resigned his charge of the school, and accepted a call to St. Matthew’s English Lutheran Church in Reading, Pennsylvania, in June, 1869. ‘He re- mained at Reading three years, during which time he had much success and made valued friends. He subsequently accepted a call from Trinity Lutheran Church of Shamokin, Pennsylvania, to which place he removed in October, 1872. He labored there for two years with great success. In November, 1874, he began his ministry at St. Paul’s Eng- lish Lutheran Church in Washington, District of Columbia. He was associated with Rev. Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, Rev. H. Ziegler, D.D., and others, in founding and establishing the Missionary Institute, a classical and theological institu- tion, at Selinsgrove, which he served for some time as a voluntary professor in connection with the pastorate of the local church. He was also one of the founders of Susque- hanna Female College before referred to. He was invited to the presidency of a female college in one of the Southern States prior to the war, but declined because of his pastoral relationship at the time. At the annual commencement of Roanoke College, Virginia, in June, 1876, the Board of Directors conferred on Mr. Domer the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. He has frequently appeared before the public as a lecturer, and has at different times been chosen to deliver addresses before literary societies of colleges at their commencements. He was married, Janu- ary 28, 1858, to Miss L. Louisa, youngest daughter of Colonel J. K. Davis, of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Colonel Davis was a native of Virginia, resided for some years in Kentucky, and then moved into Pennsylvania. He died at Selinsgrove in 1847. He was a brother of the late Hon. John P. Davis, of Meadville, Pennsylvania, who served in the war of 1812-15 as a soldier in the command of Richard M. Johnson His wife’s mother was a daughter of Captain Hummel, of Pennsylvania, algo a soldier in the war of 1812. His wife’s brother, Captain Charles Selin Davis, commanded Company G, One hundred and forty-sev- enth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, General Geary’s Brigade, and was killed in the battle of Lookout Mountain and Taylor’s Ridge, in November, 1863. Asa writer and author for publication Dr. Domer has given to the public some excellent sermons, addresses, and lectures. His published discourse, delivered on Thanksgiving Day, in 707 1875, in Foundry Methodist Episcopal Church, Washing- ton, District of Columbia, is a masterpiece of eloquence. He is no dogmatist in religion. The fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man is the formula of his broad churchism. Lancaster city, Pennsylvania, September 29, 1822. @WeWENTZELL, Rev. Freperick, M.D., was born in 5 His father, Christian Swentzell, married Miss Se Charlotte Snyder, sister of Hon. Henry Snyder, of P Baltimore. Frederick was the eldest of seven chil- dren. John Swentzell devoted his attention to vocal and instrumental music, and is now engaged in teaching in Peoria, Ilinois; Henry J. is merchandising in New York; Edward William and Washington, graduates of the Balti- more Dental College, are practicing their profession in Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania; Annie M. married Hon. Judge John B. Livingston, the Presiding Judge of the Lancaster City and County Court; Caroline A. resides with her sister, Mrs. Liv- ingston, in Lancaster city. Frederick attended the semi- nary at Lancaster, and at the age of fourteen years, owing to the death of his father, who died in limited circum- stances, leaving his widow with six children, secured a position in a drygoods house, in which he remained nearly six years, attending night school during the winters. In the twenty-second year of his age he commenced the study of medicine. February 26, 1842, he became deeply ex- ercised on the subject of a call to the ministry. He, how- ever, attended two courses of lectures at the Jefferson Med- ical College, Philadelphia, and graduated therefrom. He then connected himself with the Twentieth Street Metho- dist Protestant Church, and was recommended for the itinerancy. He was admitted into the Maryland Annual Conference March, 1846. During his pastoral term in Philadelphia he was married to Miss Margaret Teese, daughter of Daniel Teese, whose wife was Miss Jane Thomas. They have had six children, the eldest of whom, the Rev. Henry Christian Swentzell, is a graduate of Franklin and Marshall College and of the General Theo- logical Seminary, New York, and at present the Rector of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, Chambersburg, Penn- sylvania. He married Miss Margaret T. Jackson, of New Jersey. The second son, Walter Turpin Swentzell, a graduate of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, and also of the Maryland University of Medicine, is a practicing physician in Harford County, Maryland. The third son, John B. Livingston Swentzell, is a graduate of the Mary- land Dental College, and is practicing dentistry in Bel Air, Maryland. Frederick and Edward William are attending school. The sixth child is a daughter named Margaret Teese Swentzell. A year of Dr. Swentzell’s ministerial life was spent in York, Pennsylvania. He isa fluent and graceful speaker, an independent thinker, and an earnest, zealous, and successful Christian teacher, Though modest 708 and retiring he is heroic and fearless in the defence of truth. He does not hesitate to attack error, no matter from what quarter it may originate or what form it may assume. During his ministry in Newark, New Jersey, he de- livered a course of lectures against some popular form of infidelity, which drew crowded houses. A few years since, during his pastorate in Baltimore, he delivered a series of lectures on the rationalistic school of writers, Darwin, Huxley, Tyndall, and others, which were regarded as a complete refutation of their doctrines and a triumphant vindication of the Christian faith. We IND, Epmunp Georez, Fellow of the American In- ) Ge stitute of Architects, was born at Islington, near ee London, England, June 18, 1829. His father, “? William Alexander Lind, an engraver, is still living in London in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He was of Swedish descent. His mother, Elizabeth Violet Lind, deceased, was of an old English family. Her father was colonel of a dragoon regiment, fought on the British side in the war of the Revolution, and was wounded at Bunker Hill. Being disabled he received a pension, which was continued to his widow after his decease. Mr. Lind had two brothers, the eldest, William Alexander, is a Pres- byterian minister in Lancefield, Victoria, Australia; the youngest, Charles Henry, was a legal practitioner in Lon- don. He died in 1876. The subject of this sketch was educated without reference to any particular calling, ac- quiring in Birmingham, where his father lived for nine years, the rudiments of an ordinary school education, mak- ing especial proficiency in ornamental writing and draw- ing. His earliest tastes were of an artistic nature, drawing and painting being his favorite pastimes. After leaving school he was placed in a lawyer’s office in London, where he remained several years; but disliking the profession he abandoned it to study architecture at the School of Design in London under Mr. C. M. Richardson, an eminent architect and the author of several works on Elizabethan architecture. He also studied water-color painting under Mr. R. Redgrave and other professors at the School of Design. In 1849 he made an engagement with Mr. John Blose, archi- tect, doing business in London, with whom he served three years. At the expiration of that term he was employed as principal draughtsman and manager with an architect in London and another in Sheffield. In 1855 he came to this country, arriving in New York November 14 of that year. There he was introduced to several prominent architects, and in less than two weeks he had three offers of employment, one of them from the architect of the First Presbyterian Church of Baltimore, which he accepted, and at once en- tered upon his duties. The building progressed under his BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. directions until April, 1856, when he went into partner- ship with Mr. W. T. Murdoch. Four years afterwards they dissolved their connection, and he has since then con- tinued business on his own account. During the years 1859-60 he was a member of the Fifth Regiment of Ma- ryland Guards, which was disbanded in the early part of the late war. Mr. Lind is President of the Baltimore Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, a mem- ber of the Masonic Fraternity, Knight Templars, Mary- land Historical Society, St. George’s Society, Young Men’s Christian Association, Academy of Sciences, and of the Academy of Fine Arts. In his youth he was an Episcopalian, but for the last sixteen years has been con- nected with the Presbyterian Church, and is now a mem- ber of the Brown Memorial Church. He was married to Miss Margaret, sixth daughter of William T. Murdoch, a drygoods merchant of Baltimore, April 23, 1863. They have five children, three sons and two daughters. His most important works in Baltimore are, in part, Peabody Institute, Masonic Temple, Carroll’s Buildings, Brown’s Building, Cartlan’s Marble Store, Armstrong & Cator’s Iron Building, Dr. John’s Memorial Church, and Franklin Square Presbyterian Church. He has erected many public and private edifices in Virginia and North Carolina, and some in South America. SWAWZERBERT, James R., Brigadier-General Command- gy ¥ . ing First Brigade Maryland National Guard, was row" born, August 18, 1833, at Woodstock, Howard i County, Maryland. His father, Dr. Thomas Snow- p den Herbert, was the son of Hon. John C. Herbert, member of Congress from Prince George’s County, de- scendants of the Herberts of Lakes of Killarney, Ireland. His mother was before her marriage Miss Camilla A. Ham- mond, daughter of Philip Hammond, of English descent. Her ancestors came to this country with Lord Baltimore, and settled in Annapolis. James R. Herbert attended school for two years in Howard County, and afterwards spent eighteen months at Hallowell College, Alexandria, Virginia. At the early age of thirteen he left school and went to sea before the mast on the ship Herman, Captain Charles Welsh, and made two voyages to Liverpool and one to Rotterdam. At the latter port he and eleven others of the crew were attacked with Asiatic cholera, only one of whom besides himself survived, So terrible was the scourge in that city that four thousand deaths were reported in one month. At the age of sixteen he entered the store of R. Hickley & Brother, Baltimore, and after two years engaged with Duer, Norris & Co., of Baltimore, with whom he spent one year. In 1852, on the decease of his father, he went on the farm and remained two years, after which he re- moved to Baltimore and formed a copartnership with M. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Lancaster in the tobacco, grain and commission business. The firm was subsequently changed to Herbert & Brother, of which he remained a member until 1861. Mr. Herbert assisted in organizing the old Maryland Guard, in which he enlisted asa private. He was soon after elected Second Lieutenant of Company A, Independent Grays, of Balti- more. He left Baltimore May 12, 1861, with nineteen others for Harper's Ferry, and was there made Captain of ninety-six men, and commanded six companies until George H. Stewart was made Major He held his rank as Captain of that company until it was mustered out of service in 1862; it constituted part of the First Maryland Regiment of the Confederate States Army. On being mustered out Captain Herbert immediately proceeded to Richmond, and re-entering the service was commissioned Captain of a com- pany numbering one hundred and thirty men, and assisted in raising two other companies. With these three compa- nies he marched to Winchester, Virginia, where they joined two companies which had preceded them. Of these five companies he was made Major. He was afterwards pro- moted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of six companies, known as the Second Maryland Regiment, with which he went through the war. The Maryland troops, consisting of in- fantry, cavalry, and artillery, were under his command at Gettysburg and Culpepper Hill; he was wounded and confined to the hospital two months. Being captured he was sent as a prisoner to Johnson’s Island, Ohio, and in 1864 he was exchanged for a Lieutenant-Colonel of a New York regiment. He returned to Richmond, reported for duty on line in front of Petersburg, and within thirty days took command of his regiment. When the evacuation of Richmond took place he was in that city, and went thence to Greensboro, North Carolina, when he reported for duty to General Joseph E. Johnston. After the surren- der of General Lee he returned to Baltimore, and in 1866 engaged in the commission business with P. W. Hairston, afterwards Herbert, Hairston & Co., with whom he has since been engaged. In 1867 he was elected Colonel of the Fifth Maryland Regiment, and served for three years, when he resigned and remained out of service one year, at the end of which time he accepted the unanimous vote of the colonels of the three Maryland regiments of militia to become Brigadier-General of the First Brigade. In the fall of 1876 he was elected Police Commissioner, and en- tered for a six years’ term of service, March, 1877. Gen- | eral Herbert had command of the troops during the late labor riots in Baltimore, and was highly complimented of- ficially and otherwise. He has been a member of the Ma- sonic Order since the close of the war. His grandfather, William Herbert, was Grand Secretary of Alexandria Lodge of Masons, of which General Washington was Grand Mas- ter. General Herbert is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, He married Elizabeth Coleman Alexander, of Virginia, and has four children. go 709 wi RENT, Hon. Grorce, Associate Judge of the Court Spy of Appeals, was born in Charles County, Mary- "76 land, in September, 1817. His parents were George ? and Matilda (Thomas) Brent. His mother was the $ daughter of Major Thomas, of St. Mary’s County, and a sister of James Thomas, who- was Governor of the State. Judge Brent is a graduate of Georgetown College, District of Columbia. He studied law in Washington city with his uncle, William L. Brent, and completed his legal studies at the Law School of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. He then.commenced the prac- tice of law in his native county, having settled at Port Tobacco, the county seat, and was soon successful in ob- taining a large and lucrative practice in the three counties comprising the First Judicial Circuit of the State. In 1841 he became State’s Attorney, and continued in the office until 1850. He was a member of the Whig party until it disbanded, when he united with the Democrats, and has since acted consistently with them. He several times rep- resented his county in the Legislature, and though he has frequently been urged by his friends to allow the use of his name as a candidate for other political positions he has always refused, being averse to political life, and prefer- ring to devote himself to the practice of his profession. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1850, serving as a colleague of the Han. William D. Merrick, Hon. Daniel Jenifer, and General John G. Chap- In 1861 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Courts for the several counties comprising the First Judicial Circuit of the State, which were then presided over by a single judge. When the judicial system of the State was changed by the Constitution of 1864 he was one of the judges re- tained under its provisions. The judicial system of the State was again changed by the Constitution of 1867, The one judge system was abolished, and a chief judge and two associate judges for the Circuit Courts were substi- tuted. In 1867 he was elected without opposition Chief Judge of the circuit in which he resided, thereby becoming one. of the judges of the Appellate Court of the State, which is composed of the chief judges of the several cir- cuits. Judge Brent is noted for the elevated tone and unspotted integrity of his life, and for his great personal courage, rendering more striking the suavity and grace of his manners. Courtly, yet dignified, and possessing fine talents as a speaker, he is exceedingly popular. Few have ever commanded more thoroughly the entire respect and esteem of so large a circle of acquaintances. He was mar- ried in 1849 to Catharine, the eldest daughter of the Hon. William D. Merrick, a lady of great personal beauty and highly gifted. She died in August, 1877, leaving him the care of a large family of children. Judge Brent is a most laborious worker in the discharge of his duties, and holds a high position as a lawyer. He is systematic and punc- tual in all his undertakings, and when presiding as Chief Judge of his circuit conducts the business of his court with man. 710 marked ease and decorum. He resides upon a farm which is considered one of the most productive in the, county. It is near Port Tobacco, the county seat; and the view from his large and convenient dwelling of the Potomac River and the adjacent lands is very extensive, and one of unsurpassed beauty. <7, ORD, Hon. Bupp S., State Senator and President a f of the Chester River Steamboat Company, was owe? born, March 2, 1840, in Salem, New Jersey. He i was the third child and second son of Rev. Charles T. and Catharine (Wright) Ford. His father wasa native of Cecil County, Maryland. He was a clergyman in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and at the time of the birth of this son was a Presiding Elder in the New Jersey Conference. He died in 1848 in North East, Cecil County. ell) The ancestors of the Ford family were Scotch. They came - to this country and settled in Maryland before the Revo- lution ; some of them fought in that war for the land of their adoption. Budd S. Ford enjoyed for some time the advantages of the Pennington Academy in New Jersey- After the death of his father the family necessities com- pelled him to leave school at the age of fourteen, when he went to Philadelphia and was employed for about a year as a clerk ina wholesale drug store. He then resolved to seek his fortunes in the West, and went as far as Ohio, where he remained several months with promise of excel- lent success, but to satisfy his widowed mother, who in her affection and anxiety for him could not have him at that early age so far separated from her, he sacrificed what ap- peared to be his brightest prospects in life and returned to Maryland. But that this dutiful act has not failed of its reward, the success that has ever since attended him has proven. He soon after secured the position as clerk on one of the Chester River steamers, which he held until 1860, when he was promoted to the captaincy of thesteamer. This responsible post he filled for two years with great credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the com- pany. In 1862 he was married to Miss Emily Hendricks, of Queen Anne’s County, and resigning his position as Captain he took up his residence in that county, intending to devote himself to agricultural life. But this he found on trial was not suited to his disposition nor his tastes. He therefore turned his attention to other matters, and soon afterwards organized the Chester River Steamboat Stock Company, of which he was made President and General | Business Manager. present time. In these offices he continues to the The Company built the large and elegant steamer B.S. Ford to ply between Baltimore and Chester- town. It was so named in honor of their President. The Company also own one or two other steamers on the same route. In April, 1868, Mr. Ford’s wife died, leaving him two daughters, Emma H. and Catharine Ford. He has BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. always been connected with the Democratic party, and for several years has taken an active and leading part in public affairs. He is aman of decided ability and influence, both in business and in politics. He was elected to the House of Delegates from Queen Anne’s County in 1872 for the term of two years, and in 1875 was elected State Senator for four years from January, 1876. The course of Sena- tor Ford has been marked with unvarying success. He travels a great deal in connection with his business, and is full of life and activity. His mother, whom he tenderly cares for, is still living in Baltimore. sco JoHN M., Lawyer and President of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Me- chanic Arts, was born in Baltimore February 5, @ 1843. His parents, Asbury and Mary Christina (Ear- eckson) Carter, removed to Baltimore from Kent Island, Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, in 1840. They had a family of nine children. Their son John was edu- cated at the old Light Street Institute for Boys, receiving in the English branches and in the elementary classics the. ordinary training of a gdod private school. He left school at fifteen years of age. He passed two years in a stock- broker’s office, and two years as clerk in the law office of John Carson, Esq., where he commenced the study of law. In January, 1862, he was appointed Private “Secretary to Governor Augustus W. Bradford,of Maryland. He still continued his legal studies, and was admitted to the bar February 5, 1864, but remained at Annapolis with Gov- ernor Bradford during his term of four years. Jn January, 1866, he was appointed Secretary of State by Governor Thomas Swann, in which office he served during his term, of three years, and meanwhile commenced the practice of law in Baltimore, which he still continues. He represented the Third Congressional District of Maryland as a Greeley Elector in the campaign of 1872. Mr. Carter was for ten years a manager of the Maryland Institute for the Promo- tion of the Mechanic Arts, and is now its President. . He has been a Freemason since January, 1866, and for two years past has been Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Maryland. He was a member of the National Union party ; after its disbandment he joined the Demo- cratic Conservative party. He was married, April 25, 1867, to Florence Sweetzer, daughter of the late David E. Thomas, of Baltimore. TONE, Tuomas, Member of the American Congress re} from Maryland, and one of the Signers of the Dec- "4 laration of Independence, was a lineal descendant : of William Stone, Governor of Maryland during the 3 protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. He was born in 1743 at Pointon Manor, the seat of his father, David Stone, BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. in Charles County, and was carefully educated by a learned Scotch teacher of the neighborhood. He studied law in Annapolis, and engaged in the practice of his profession with high repute. He was a member of the American Congress in 1776 when the Declaration of Independence was signed, and stood forth among the champions of his country at that trying period. He was again a member of Congress when General Washington resigned his office as Commander-in-Chief of the Americanarmies. He was ap- pointed one of the delegates from Maryland to attend the convention which met in Philadelphia in 1787 and formed the Constitution of the United States, but domestic circum- stances led him to decline the appointment, and he died the same autumn, aged forty-four years. Mr. Stone was re- peatedly a member of the Senate of his native State, and was in every way devoted to the interests of his country. His death was deeply lamented. i AYER, CHARLES F., Lawyer, was a son of Chris- sy e ! tian Mayer, a well-known merchant, and one of ik the first Germans who settled in Baltimore ’ Shortly after the Revolutionary war. He was one of the founders in 1817 of the German Society of Maryland, and its first President. Charles F. Mayer was born in Baltimoretown October 15, 1795, and died in Baltimore city January 4, 1864. He graduated with the first honors at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in-1812. After taking his degree, and before settling down to the business of life, young Mayer travelled extensively for several: years. He visited various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and acquired from'his observations of gther men and manners experience of life and much useful and curious knowledge, and perfected himself in the Ger- ~man and French languages, which he spoke with great ‘fluency. He assiduously pursued his legal studies while at sea and during his travels, and completed them under the tuition of William Pinkney. In 1819 he was admitted to the bar of the old Baltimore County Court, and a few months after tried his first case, the gaining of which was a peculiar satisfaction to him, as the opposing counsel was the celebrated William Wirt. Mr. Mayer’s career at the bar was successful ‘from the first. His father’s position as a merchant soon procured for him a lucrative practice, which he increased by untiring industry, and soon rose to the front rank of his profession. In 1814 he took part in the defence of his native city, and with his brother Lewis served in the ranks at Fort McHenry. He took a deep interest in public affairs, and in 1831 wrote the address of the “Central Committee of, the National Republicans of the city of Baltimore to the people of Maryland.” In 1838 he prepared the address to the voters of Baltimore from the Whig Convention (of which he was President), selected to nominate delegates to the General Assembly of 711 Maryland. He also advocated the election of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler, and General Taylor. In 1860 he held that a compromise was the only hope of the Union, and to this end supported Stephen A. Douglas for the Presidency. He was Chairman of the committee that welcomed him to Baltimore in September of that year, and also Chairman of the State Central Committee of Maryland. In 1861 he prepared an address for a Democratic Conven- tion for the nomination of State officers in the interests of peace and the Union. But when Mr. Lincoln called out - the troops to defend the Constitution and the Union, Mr. Mayer adhered to the cause of the South. He was in the Senate of Maryland from Baltimore from 1830 to 1835. While in that position and afterwards he prepared many of the most important laws still in force in this State. He - was mainly instrumental in harmonizing in 1832 the antag- onistic interests of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, when Chairman of the joint committee of the two houses formed for the consideration of the matter. Mr. Mayer was distinguished for his philanthropy. He was one of the original incorporators of the House of Refuge, and one of its managers until the day of his death. He was also one of the earliest friends of the Home of the Friend- less of the City of Baltimore, and an earnest promoter of the Maryland Hospital and various other charitable institu- tions. In 1844 he assisted in organizing the Maryland Historical*Society, before which he delivered the first ad- dress. U RYDEN, Major JosHua, was born in 1792 in Wor- cester County, Maryland, and received in his early youth such education as the country schools of that day afforded. He went to Baltimore when eleyen years of age, and was apprenticed to his uncle, Milly Dryden, to learn the trade of atailor. At nineteen years of age he engaged in the business on his own account, suc- ceeding his uncle, who died at that time. He continued in that business from 1812 until 1836, when he engaged in brickmaking, and prosecuted that business for twenty years. In 1860, having acquired a competency, he retired from business pursuits. In 1813 he married Ann Maria Roberts, of Kent County, Maryland. They had eight children, only four of whom are now living (1878). Ma- jor Dryden was a soldier of the Fifth Regiment Maryland Militia, and was a defender of Baltimore at Bladensburg and North Point, and at the time of his death, which oc- curred in 1869, he was President of the Old Defenders Association. He served Baltimore in the City Councils for seven years, and at one time was President of the First Branch. He was a director in banks and inthe Fireman’s Insurance Company. He joined the Light Street Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1811, afterwards transferred his membership to the Charles Street Church CoRDI, 712 when that house of worship was erected, and on the open- ing of the Mount Vernon Methodist Episcopal Church united with that congregation. Co J. WESLEY, Cashier of the Citizens’ National CG Bank of Baltimore, was born near Pungoteague, Accomac County, Virginia, September 6, 1831. be His father, Richard W. Guest, was of Scotch-English descent, and his mother, Mahala C. (Milby) Guest, was of English ancestry. In consequence of the im- paired health of his father the family removed to Balti- more in 1838, where Mr. Guest died in 1840, leaving a widow and four young children in humble circumstances. The education of the son Wesley was necessarily a limited He attended the public schools of Baltimore for about three years, and spent one year at the private acad- emy of Rev. John H. Dashiells. This was followed by several years’ experience as an errand boy. In 1845 he resolved to try a seafaring life and joined the crew of the schooner Emily Ann Thompson, making two voyages to the West Indies, after which at the earnest solicitation of his mother he left the sea and was a clerk in several stores till the year 1850, when on a capital of twenty-five dollars he commenced the West India fruit business on Exchange Place. This he continued for a year, when he became bookkeeper for Hinson H. Cole, a wholesale and retail clothing merchant, with whom he remained until 1854, when he accepted the position of bookkeeper in the Bank of Commerce, where he remained for seven years. In September, 1861, he was elected to his present position as Cashier of the Citizens’ National Bank, one of the oldest and most substantial banks in Baltimore, having a capital of $500,000, and a surplus of $300,000, In the succeeding four- teen years, the bank paid back in dividends more than the capital invested, and six per cent. interest additional. A new fine white marble building was erected in 1869, which together with the safes and other property is estimated to be worth about $100,000. The venerable John Clark, who’ died in 1867, a sketch of whom is contained in this volume, was President of this bank for several years. He left a beneficent fund of about $500,000. Mr. Guest is Presi- dent of the Maryland Department of the Life Association of America, one of the most successful life associations of this country. He was also the originator of the Baltimore Warehouse Company, with a capital stock of $500,000, designed for receiving merchandise on storage and ad- vancing upon the same, an institution that was greatly needed and is now appreciated by the commercial world. The success of Mr. Guest is a natural consequence of his great energy, his integrity of character, and fidelity to busi- ness. To whatever position he has been called he has mastered it in all its departments. For twenty-four years he has been identified with the Odd Fellows, and is now a % one. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Past Grand in that Order. He was Treasurer of the Build- ing Committee of St. John’s Independent Methodist Chapel, a beautiful stone edifice on Madison Avenue, cost- ing for the lot and building $37,500, an enterprise due largely to his interest and energy, and to which he is a liberal contributor. During the civil war he was Lieu- tenant of Company Third of the Battalion of Baltimore City Guards, and was Treasurer of and assisted in raising the Tenth and Eleventh Maryland Federal regiments, and was prompt to aid the Government in other financial ways. At one time he was School Commissioner of the old Thir- teenth, now the Tenth Ward. His mother, who was a very liberal contributor to charitable purposes in this city, died in 1868. He was married to Miss Emily R. Mulley, of Baltimore, and has five children. WA %3URTZ, REV. JoHN NICOLAS, was born in the King- a Ig dom of Nassau, Germany. He was descended % from a German Protestant family, whose lineage ? is traceable to the year 1599, embracing many hon- ored names connected with the ministry and with institutions of learning. His academic and classical edu- cation and theological studies were conducted at the Uni- versity of Halle; and when application was made by the Lutherans of Pennsylvania for the services of a pastor the request was presented to him and accepted. He came to America in 1745 and located at Philadelphia, preaching in that city and also at Germantown. At that period it was frequently necessary in the latter place to appoint a guard for the protection of the worshippers from the Indians. The subject of this sketch was the father of Rev. John Daniel Kurtz, D.D., and grandfather of Edward Kurtz. WALURTZ, Rev. Joun Danigt, D.D., was born in Ger- kb mantown, Pennsylvania, in the year 1763. In t 1771 his father took charge of the Lutheran in- terests in York, Pennsylvania; and John preserved a vivid recollection of the thrilling scenes connected with the struggle for independence. At the conclusion of the war in 1783, in his twentieth year, John was sent to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he studied divinity with the Rev. Dr. H. E. Muhlenberg. Sharing his preceptor’s taste for the natural sciences, he gave considerable atten- tion to botany and entomology, and in later life correspond- ed extensively with distinguished naturalists of Europe. In 1784 he was licensed to preach, and in 1786 was per- manently invested with the sacred office. During a mis- sionary tour through Maryland and Virginia he preached before a Baltimore congregation, and was so well received that he was soon after called to succeed to the charge of BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. Pastor Goerock of that city, where he preached for nearly fifty years. In 1832 he resigned in consequence of in- creasing infirmities, and died in 1856, in the ninety-third year of his age. Mr. Kurtz was the son of Rev. John N. Kurtz, and father of Edward Kurtz. wi URTZ, Epwarvp, was born in Baltimore, Septem- Be ber 24, 1796. Having completed his education in F New Jersey, at the age of eighteen he entered the 4 counting-house of P. A. Karthaus in 1815. In 1817 the firm was changed to Charles W. Karthaus & Co. He remained in that house as clerk until 1828, when he was admitted a member of the firm under the style of C. W. Karthaus, Kurtz & Co. In 1837 he retired from that connection and conducted business in his own name. Politically he was of the Whig party; in religion he is a Lutheran. Mr. Kurtz is the son of Rev. John Daniel Kurtz, D.D., who filled a pastorate in a Lutheran Church in Baltimore for a period of fifty years; and grandson of Rey. John N. Kurtz, who came to Philadelphia from Ger- many in the year 1745 to establish the Lutheran interests in Philadelphia and Germantown. en 09) (KROLMES, Joun M., Wholesale Tobacco Dealer, ;) ) : Baltimore, was born, January 21, 1822, in Fred- 4 erick County, Virginia, and is the oldest son of “ Christian and Nancy Holmes, who were of German and Irish extraction. Mr. Holmes was educated in the private schools of his native county, and at the age of sixteen was apprenticed to Joseph D. Seemour, of Win- chester, Virginia, where he remained in the coachmaking business for the term of four years. In 1841 he removed to Zanesville, Ohio, where by industry and economy he accumulated several hundred dollars, which through the failure of his employers was lost, when he determined to return to his home in Virginia and abandon his original business. In the early part of 1843 he engaged in farming in Berkeley County, Virginia, and in December, 1843, mar- ried Lavinia J. Anderson, daughter of James and Leah Anderson, of Frederick Gounty, Virginia. In 1846 he re- moved to Cumberland, Maryland, and engaged as agent for William Frost, an extensive lumber dealer, who sup- plied a great portion of the lumber used by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company and builders in Cumberland. Upon the completion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad west of Cumberland he was appointed Mail Agent under the administration of President Fillmore, which position he occupied until after the election of President Pierce. Being a Whig his place was desired for 4 Democrat. He then entered the employ of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road Company at Wheeling, West Virginia, where he re- 713 mained until December, 1853, when finding his health failing from exposure and want of rest he tendered his resignation. He was then offered a position as salesman in the house vf Young & Carson, subsequently Young, Carson & Bryant, wholesale grocers, Baltimore, where he remained until January, 1859, when he engaged in busi- ness on his own account, forming a copartnership under the firm name of Bryant, Tinsley & Holmes, and continued to do a successful business until October, 1862, when, owing to the unsettled state of the country, they deemed it best to quit business, not intending to resume during the war. In April, 1863, the commercial outlook becoming brighter, Mr. Holmes again engaged in business under the firm name of G. S. Watts & Co., wholesale dealers in tobacco, in which he remained until 1869, and in July, 1869, formed a co- partnership with T. L. Tinsley, one of his former partners in the grocery business, the style of the firm being Holmes & Tinsley, This partnership continued until January, 1876, when Mr. Holmes and Mr. Tinsley, both having sons whom they desired to establish in business, dissolved the partner- ship by mutual consent, and Mr. Holmes associated with him his two sons under the firm name of J. M. Holmes & Sons, now located at 85 Exchange Place, Baltimore, where they continue to do a large and successful business. Mr. Holmes has had five children, four sons and one daughter. Armenius R., deceased, was born October 18, 1844; Robert B., deceased, was born November 21, 1845; Mil- ton W. was born March 12, 1847; Edward A. was born October 1, 1848; and Annie B. was born April 3, 1859. His sons Milton W. and Edward A. are both married and associated with their father in business. In 1867 Mr. Holmes united with the Methodist Church, of which he has been an earnest and active member ever since, filling many important and responsible offices, and contributing liberally of his means to the support of the same. Com- mencing his business career without a dollar he has suc- ceeded entirely through his own exertions, and his success is attributable to his indomitable energy, perseverance, prudence, and strict integrity. WowRIEDMANN, MENKA, was born, December 21, 1823, in Bavaria, Germany. After leaving a school he for three years became clerk in the ; wholesale drygoods house of L. Sonnaman, in t Wurtzburg, the capital of Under Franken. Re- turning home he entered the store of his father, and con- tinued with him until his death in 1853. The following year he emigrated to the United States, settling in Balti- more, where, shortly after his arrival, he began on his own account, on Pratt Street, a retail clothing store, which he carried on for five years. He then removed to his present location, 241 and 243 West Pratt Street, and began the wholesale clothing business, in which he has ever since 714 He is a member of the Hanover Street Hebrew congregation, of which he was for four years the Treasurer, and for five years one of the directors. He has been one of the directors of the Jewish Hospital ever since it was established in 1867. In February, 1856, he married Caroline, daughter of Mr. Benjamin Prager, of Bavaria, Germany. He has five children, four sons and one daughter. Two of his sons, Henry and Benjamin, assist him in his business. Mr. Friedmann has had an un- usually successful business career, and his integrity, liberal- ity, and benevolence have won for him the confidence and esteem of his people and the community generally. continued. OLLINS, Witiiam Hanpy, Lawyer, was born in I the State of Delaware September 2, 1801. His — father and maternal grandfather were Presbyterian ¥* clergymen, and graduates of Princeton College, New Jersey. John Collins, his father, was a native of Somerset County, Maryland. He died while William H. was yet very young. His ancestry on the paternal side were English, and on the maternal from the North of Ireland and Scotland. The subject of this sketch is the sole survivor of that branch of the Collins family, and therefore the oldest in that line now living. Mr. Collins settled in Baltimore in the fall of 1826 He became a member of the Baltimore bar soon afterward, and has always maintained his relation to it. He has never held any political office whatever, nor has he ever received any money for any service on any account from the United States, the State of Maryland, or the city of Baltimore; nor has he ever taken or paid more than six per cent. for any money either loaned or borrowed. During the war of the rebellion he was an unflinching Unionist. Politically he has been an old-line Whig, and a great admirer of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. At the present time he claims allegiance to no party. He married in July, 1834, in Orange County, Virginia, Frances Cornelia, daughter of Ex-Governor James Barbour, formerly Secretary of War under President Adams, and has occupied his present residence for thirty-seven years. SUVALL, Henry, Merchant, of Baltimore, was born aL) in Annapolis August 24, 1820. His father, e Henry Duvall, an extensive and highly respected t farmer of Anne Arundel County, was of French de- t scent. He married Mary Winchester, a native of Queen Anne’s County, whose ancestors were. among the early settlers of the State. Their son Henry was educated at St. John’s College, and in 1838 entered as a clerk an extensive drygoods establishment in Baltimore, where he continued five years. In 1844 he commenced an inde- pendent business career as a commission merchant, and has been actively engaged in mercantile pursuits to the BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. present time. He has also been prominent in public affairs, and in 1867 was elected to the First Branch of the City Council from the Fourteenth Ward. He was then the only Democratic member, and was the first Democrat elected to the Council after the war. He was re-elected in 1868, when the Council was composed entirely of Democrats, and was made its President, filling the position with signal ability. In the absence of the Mayor, Robert T. Banks, Mr. Duvall frequently acted as Mayor ex-officio, performing most satisfactorily all the duties devolving upon In 1870 he was elected to the Second Branch of the City Council, of which during that and the ensuing year he was President. He has since occupied no political position. He is an active and warmly interested member of the Free and Accepted Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Independent Order of Mechanics. Mr. Duvall is a consistent member of the Protestant Epis- copal Church, gentlemanly in manner, an enterprising business man, and highly esteemed asa citizen. He was married in 1841 to Miss Eleanor B., daughter of Samuel Turner, a prominent lawyer of Calvert County, and has two sons and a daughter. EON, Rev. THomMAs LAYMAN, was born at © Sadsburyville, Chester County, Pennsylvania, De- “Re cember 13,1831. His parents, Rev. Abraham and Catharine Poulson, were devoted Christians, and were very careful in the early religious training of their children. His father was a local minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church. While Thomas was yet a child the family removed to Odessa, Delaware, at which place his father became the Principal of the new academy which had just been established there, and it was in that institution that Mr. Poulson received his early education. Subse- quently removing to West Chester, Pennsylvania, he there continued at school until his sixteenth year, when he en- tered the office of the Vilage Record, where he remained five years and acquired a thorough knowledge of the print- ing business. During this early period of his life he was converted and became a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, in which communion he was especially active and efficient as a Sabbath-school worker. At the age of twenty-one he became one of the editors of the Smyrna Times, a newspaper of Delaware which his father had pre- viously started, and which was known for its strenuous ad- vocacy of the temperance cause. In 1854 he married Miss Cora Wilmer Coombe, the eldest daughter of Rev. Pennell Coombe, an eminent minister of the Philadelphia Confer- ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He soon after- ward removed to Port Deposit, Maryland, and there en- gaged in mercantile business. He was appointed class leader in the church, and November 8, 1855, was licensed to exhort. On the 12th of the same month he received a local preacher’s license from the Quarterly Conference. him. BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. In the spring of 1857 he gave up his business and sought admission to the Philadelphia Conference, then holding its annual session in Asbury Church, Wilmington, Delaware, and was received and appointed Junior Preacher to Annamessex County, Maryland, where he displayed un- usual talent as a revivalist. At the following Conference three hundred conversions were reported from that circuit. In 1858 he was placed in charge of Cambridge Circuit, Dorchester County, Maryland, where he labored with in- creasing usefulness until the Conference of 1860, when he was appointed to Church Creek Circuit, in the same county. While he was stationed there the civil war commenced, and September 21, 1861, he was elected and commissioned Chaplain of the First Regiment, Eastern Shore, Maryland, Volunteers. Resigning his charge in Church Creek Cir- cuit he assumed the duties of the chaplaincy and accompa- nied the regiment in all its marches for more than three years. His preachings and other ministerial services were generally largely attended. At the expiration of his term of service he conducted a protracted meeting at Odessa, Delaware, which was regardedas one of the most successful ever held in that place. About this time he was again ap- pointed Army Chaplain, but declined the position in order to resume his proper relations with the Conference. He was next appointed to the charge of the Delaware City Station, where he continued three years. While there he was elected Grand Worthy Chief Templar of the temper- ance order of Good Templars, in the State of Delaware, and while occupying that position attained considerable celebrity by his lectures and sermons on temperance. Un- compromising in his opposition to the liquor license system, the friends of the cause of temperance everywhere hailed his coming with delight and rallied to his support. From 1868 to 1871 he was Pastor in the North East Station, Cecil County, Maryland, and although his work was attended with great success it did not interfere with his advocacy of the temperance cause. At an immense gathering at Notting- ham, Pennsylvania, he spoke on the same platform with Horace Greeley. Mr. Poulson was then Grand Worthy _Chief Templar of the Good Templars of Maryland. At the Oakington National Camp Meeting, held in Harford County, Maryland, in July, 1870, he edited a daily journal, which reported the sermons and account of the exercises of that meeting. He was one of the orators at the com- mencement of Delaware College in 1871. In March, 1871, he was appointed to the charge at Zion Circuit, which he resigned after seven months of successful labor and ac- cepted the pastorate of the First English Reformed Church of Baltimore. He was Assistant Secretary of the Wilming- ton Conference from its organization, in 1869, to the time of his removal to Baltimore. In the summer of 1873 he was sent as a delegate from the Grand Lodge of Maryland to the International Session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of Good Templars at London, England. During this tour he lectured on temperance to large audiences in 715. England, Scotland, and Wales, everywhere receiving very flattering receptions. After a brief tour through Belgium, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, and France, he returned home and resigned the pastorate of the First English Reformed Church and accepted that of the Bethany Independent Methodist Church, Baltimore, where his labors were attended with the usual success. In 1875, during the illness of the late Bishop Cummins, he was invited to supply the pulpit of the Church of the Redeemer (Reformed Epis- copal), which he did to the satisfaction of the congregation until the Bishop’s recovery, a period of about two months. In 1875 Mr. Poulson organized a Methodist Episcopal So- ciety in the northwestern part of Baltimore, on the corner of Gilmor and Mulberry streets, which he served until 1878, and which is now considered one of the most prominent societies of that denomination in Baltimore. In 1876, by invitation of the President of the Bible Society of the Dis- trict of Columbia, he delivered the anniversary address in Lincoln Hall, Washington city, to a very large congre- gation. He is still actively engaged in his ministerial work, being stationed in South Baltimore, and is at the same time one of the most earnest and efficient advocates of the temperance cause in Maryland. He is an eloquent preacher, and an instructive, entertaining, and popular lec- turer. @ ARR, Hon. Dasney S., was born in Albemarle, Virginia, March 5, 1802 His grandfather, Dab- ney Carr, married Martha, daughter of Peter Jef- i ferson. She was the favorite sister of Thomas Jef- ferson. Dabney Carr was an intimate friend of Jeffer- He died in 1773 and was buried at Monticello. His eldest son, Peter Carr, was a man of very superior ability and attainments. He married in 1798 Hetty, daughter of the Hon. John Smith, of Baltimore, and sister of General Samuel Smith, who for forty years represented his State and city in the national councils. Peter Carr died at the age of forty-five. His only surviving son was Hon. Dab- ney S. Carr, the subject of this sketch, who passed his early years in the counting-room of his uncle, General Smith, whose house of Smith & Buchanan was then at the head of the foreign trade of Baltimore. Mr. Carr, how- ever, early entered the political arena. He was a man of most genial spirit and fascinating manners, and possessed great personal popularity. For a long time he was the editor and proprietor of the Baltimore Repudlican and Argus, a journal which he started in 1827, and which was the leading Democratic paper of that day. To his pen and political influence General Jackson was mainly in- debted for carrying Maryland in the Presidential canvass, and Mr. Carr was rewarded by the appointment of Naval Officer of the Port of Baltimore, an office which he held from 1829 until 1843, when he was appointed by President son. 716 Tyler Minister to Constantinople. In this position Mr. Carr remained until 1850, when he returned to America. His death occurred soon afterward, March 24, 1854, at the University of Virginia, and was hastened by the effects of a sunstroke received in Asia Minor while he was engaged in reorganizing the United States Consulship in that country with a view to promoting the influence of the American missionaries. His grave is beside that of his father at Monticello. He married Sidney, daughter of the Hon. Wilson Cary Nicholas, Governor of Virginia, and member of Congress from that State for many years He had five sons and two daughters. His widow and three sons and a daughter survive him. His eldest son, Wilson C. N. Carr, is the present Deputy State’s Attorney for Baltimore city. 14, 1846, at Kingston, Somerset County, Mary- land. His father was George Robertson Dennis, and his mother’s maiden name was Louisa A. S. » Joynes, daughter of Thomas R. Joynes, of Accomac County, Virginia, The family record of Mr. Dennis is embraced in the sketch of his father, Senator Dennis, which appears in this volume. The family has always been distinguished for ability, social qualities, and integ- rity. The academic education of the subject of this sketch was received at the Washington Academy, Somerset County, Maryland, after which he entered the Sophomore Class at Princeton College, graduating therefrom in 1865 in the eighteenth year of his age. He then entered upon the study of law in the University of Virginia, which he con- tinued under the private instruction of Scarburgh, Duf- field & Sharp, prominent lawyers of Norfolk, Virginia. He afterwards read law in the office of his uncle, James U. Dennis, at Princess Anne, Maryland, until he attained his majority, when in January, 1868, he was admitted to the bar. After practicing his profession for a few months in Somerset he removed to Baltimore, where he has since been successfully engaged in law practice. Though always manifesting a decided interest in politics Mr. Dennis has invariably declined being a candidate for public office, pre- ferring to devote himself exclusively to his profession. 3 Abingdon, Harford County, Maryland, October ¢ 24, 1804. His parents were James and Elizabeth ° (Matthews) Billingslea, both natives of Harford % County. He received the rudiments of his educa- tion in his native town and his classical culture at the Bel Air Academy, of which Rev. Reuben H. Davis was Prin- cipal. This Academy was at that time the most distin- guished seat of learning in the county, and was largely JB einen. James Levin, M.D., was born in i BIOGRAPHICAL CYCLOPEDIA. patronized by the surrounding counties and the city of Bal- timore. After leaving Bel Air Academy he entered the Junior Class in St. Mary’s College (now St. Mary’s Semi- nary), Baltimore, and graduated in medicine at the Uni- versity of Maryland in 1827. Soon after taking his degree Dr. Billingslea settled in Uniontown, then a part of Fred- erick County, now in Carroll County, where he was en- gaged in the practice of medicine for over twenty years. He removed to Baltimore in the spring of 1847 and en- gaged in the drug business for a short time. He then removed to his farm on Long Green in Baltimore County. He returned to Carroll County in 1860, and settled in Westminster. The doctor was appointed Provost Marshal during the civil war, and was taken prisoner by General Lee on his first invasion, but subsequently liberated on parole. He represented Carroll County as a Republican in the Maryland Senate in the sessions of 1865, ’66, ’67. He was an original reformer in the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and united with the Methodist Protes- tant Church upon its organization, and still continues a member. Dr. Billingslea married, first, Susannah Haines, a member of the Society of Friends; and second, in 1867, Elizabeth Cover, of Frederick County, who is still living. His children are Elizabeth Haines, Uriah Haines, Albert, Charles, James H., Ada Mary, Louis Levin, and Josiah Slingluff. Jo roe Lewis M., M.D., was born in Balti- oy ic more, Maryland, July 17, 1836. His parents were oe Jonathan Shepherd and Adeline P. Eastman, of Y English extraction. Doctor Eastman received his preliminary education at Elizabethtown, New Jer- sey, and at Newark, Delaware. He then entered Newton University, where he received his degree of Bachelor of Arts, and three years subsequently that of Master of Arts. He commenced the study of medicine in Professor Dun- bar’s office, continuing his studies under Professor G. W. Miltenberger and the late Professor Charles Frick, gradu- ating from the Maryland University with the class of 1859. He commenced the practice of his profession in Baltimore. In 1862 he presented himself before the Medical Board of the Regular Army for examination, and after successfully passing the same he was commissioned an Assistant Sur- geon in the United States Army, which commission he held until the latter part of 1863, when he resigned, Doctor Eastman married, September 23, 1863, Mary A., daughter of the late Mr. John Gormley, and again commenced the practice of his profession in his native city, where he has since prosecuted it with energy and success. He is a mem- ber of the Alumni of the Maryland University, the Balti- more Medical Association, the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, the American Medical Association, and the Maryland Academy of Sciences. rere eH a