./V, />//' 7 y ay ' *— *£-. ,- . **- £c_^ gc-t~-y ^ -^*2- ,^L jCv-^ti A al <& *r? fp-ta— / /^7 / ”'* s^jC- /^+i~ ^7 >^-^v>w^J **—(* 7> *%>. - A»m^ ^7 i. .&„. [:"■■ &S*0- ■fcj' ^ y^v- ^ *-&~c: ^4t-«-P rA-^r^- BS&&M pe^ f^A*. Hand Writing of£) oroihy Wordsworth. No. . ✓ ■ . i /6i MHfKjlH I if-OZO sfiKsfan f$£Q&tiGi THE, &HkdA‘TO&£ Of 3o*^ rhy ^h 1§ 2 lt • • ' I \ V, -V » 'X . * .\ * V ’ 4 GENEALOGICAL AND gtfironoto&ttal <®atne OF THE HISTORY OE EMGLAI®. MRS. O’SULLIVAN. THIRD EDITION. LONDON: PRINTED FOR BOWDERY AND KERBY, Sfutaitite Uifirarp, No. 190, OXFORD STREET. 1818. (I Ol C £,* t Ofrf i •zi'?' DEDICATION My dear Lady Anne Holroyd, Among the numerous favours I have received from your noble parents, I do not consider as the least the flattering permission so condescendingly granted to me, of dedi- cating, to my late Pupil, this playful attempt to facilitate the study of Chronology and Genealogy, the necessary introduction to an accurate acquaintance with the History of England. I think myself the more happy, on this occasion, as it affords me an opportunity of expressing the high sense I entertain of the abilities of my dear Lady Anne, who, at such an early age, evinces strong and pleasing symptoms of those literary talents which so eminently distinguish her family. Permit me to conclude with this short and friendly advice: -—Avail yourself of the capacity you are blessed with; attend to the precepts of your enlightened parents ; follow their ex- ample ; emulate their virtues; and in your turn, as others have done for ages past, you will add fresh lustre to your ele- vated rank, and fulfil the wish of one zvho has the honour to be My dear Lady Anne, Your most obedient and humble Servant, ANDRIANE O'SULLIVAN. De la Pierre. The Right Hon. Lady Anne Holroyd. > • ■ \-,v, ‘jv'smy '• -- v.. r after a reign of 17 years, 6 months, 13 days. Who was King John ? The fourth son of Henry II. He succeeded his brother Richard I. in the 33d year of his age. Where was he born ? At Oxford. How many wives had John ? Two ;—1. Hadwise, daughter of the earl of Gloucester, whom he divorced. 2. Isabella of Angouleme, who was betrothed to the earl of March. After King John’s death she was married again to her first husband. What was the cause of John’s death ? Grief and fatigue threw him into a fever, which is said to have been heightened by eating peaches and drinking new ale. He died at Newark-upon-Trent, in Nottinghamshire, the 8th of October, 1216. Where wras he buried ? At Worcester. Mention his issue. He had, by Isabella,— 1. Henry. 2. Richard, earl of Cornwall, and king of the Romans. 3. Jane, married to Alexander II. king of Scotland. 4. Isabella, married to the Emperor Frederic II. 5. Eleanor, married first to the earl of Pembroke, and afterwards to the earl of Leicester.IS Relate the principal events of this reign . 1200.—Chimnies were first known in England. 1202. —The assize of bread first appointed. 1203. —Prince Arthur, son of Geoffrey, murdered by hi* uncle, King John. 1212.—-A great part of London destroyed by fire; when nearly 3000 people perished by that accident. Lon don-bridge, built of stone, was finished. 1215.—June 15th, Magna Charta signed by the king and the barons of England in Runnymede, between Stains and Windsor. Who reigned in France ? Philip Augustus. No. 10.—HENRY III., Surnamed of Winchester. When was Henry crowned ? October the 28th, 1216, and died in 1272, aged 65, having reigned 56 years. Whose son was he ? H enry III. was the eldest son of King John by Isabella of Angouleme; he succeeded his father at nine years of age. Who governed the kingdom during his minority ? William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, was appointed lord protector of England. Whom did Henry III. marry? Eleanor, daughter of the count of Provence. Where did he die ?14 At St.-Edmund’s Bury, in Suffolk, 16th of November, 1272. He was buried at Westminster. Mention his issue. 1. Edward, who succeeded him. 2. Edmund, earl of Lancaster. 3. Margaret, married to Alexander III., king of Scotland. 4. Beatrix, married to the duke of Britanny. And five other children, who died in their infancy. What were the most remarkable events of this reign ? 1217-—Battle of Lincoln, where the French were defeated. 1220. —Thomas a Becket’s bones were enshrined in gold, and set with precious stones. 1221. —The first stone of Westminster-abbey was laid. 1223.—The marriage of priests forbidden. 1242. —Aldermen were first elected in London. 1246.—Tiles first brought into use. 1243. —The fifth crusade begun by Lewis IX., king of France. 1251.—Wales was wholly subdued. 1264. —May 14th, battle of Lewes, in Sussex, where the royalists were defeated, and Henry III., with his brother the king of the Romans, were taken pri- soners by the barons. 1265. —Battle of Evesham, in Worcestershire, where the earl of Leicester was slain. J26Q.—The bones of Edward the Confessor were enshrined in gold, and set with precious stones. Who reigned in France ? © Philip Augustus, who died 1223 ; Lewis VIII., who died 1226; Lewis IX., surnamed St. Lewis, who died 1270 : Philip III. succeeded him.15 No. 11—EDWARD 1. Surnamed Long-shanks. When was he proclaimed king? In 1272, and died in 1307, aged 69, after reigning 35 years, 7 months, 21 days. Who was Edward I. ? The eldest son of Henry III. Where was he when his father died ? In Sicily, on his return from the Holy Land, where he learned the death of his father. He was crowned with his wife, Eleanor of Castile, at Wesf minster, the 19th of August, 1274. Did he not marry again after Eleanor’s death ? Yes; in 1296 he espoused Margaret, daughter of Philip III., king of France. What occasioned Edward’s death ? A dysentery, which happened at Burgh on the Sands, in Cumberland, the 7th of July, 1307. Where was he buried ? At Westminster ; but his heart was sent to Jerusalem. Mention his issue. He had, by queen Eleanor,— 1. Edward, who succeeded him. 2. Eleanor, married to the duke of Bar. 3. Joan, married first to the earl of Gloucester, and after- wards to Ralph de Monthermer. 4. Margaret, married to John duke of Brabant. 5. Elizabeth, married first to the earl of Holland, and afterwards to the earl of Hereford. 6. Mary, a nun. And three other daughters, who died young.16 He had, by queen Margaret,— Thomas, earl of Norfolk, and mareschal of England. 7. Edmund, earl of Kent. 8. Eleanor, who died in her infancy. State the principal events of Edward I.’s reign. 1279-—Two hundred and eighty Jews hanged for clipping and coining. 1282. —The Sicilian vespers, on Easter-day, when Pet^r of Arragon ordered that all Frenchmen then in Sicily should be put to death. 1283. —Lewellyn, prince of Wales, defeated and killed by Edward I., who united that principality to England. 11X5.— Westminster-abbey finished, sixty years after it was founded. 1286.—All Jews seized by order of the king, and twelve thousand pounds of silver extorted from them. 1298.—July 22d, battle of Falkirk. 1299-—Windmills were invented. Spectacles first invented by a monk of Pisa. 1302. —The magnetic needle first brought into use. 1303. —The exchequer was robbed of the sum of £100,000. The criminal was never discovered. 1307*—The establishment of the Swiss cantons besun. What king reigned in France ? Philip III., who died 1285 : Philip IV. succeeded him. No. 12— EDWARD 11., Surnamed of Carnarvon. What was the date of his accession to the throne ? Edward was proclaimed in 1307. He was deposed m 1327, aged 43 ; and had reigned 20 years.17 Who was Edward II. ? The eldest son of Edward I. He succeeded his father in the 23d year of his age. Where was he born ? At Carnarvon. Whom did he marry ? Isabella of France, daughter of Philip the Fair. What was the conduct of the Queen Isabella ? Thb queen, and her favourite, Mortimer earl of March, obliged the king to resign his crown to his son Edward, January the 13th, 1327. What became of the king after his abdication ? That unfortunate monarch was inhumanly murdered in Berkley-castle, by Gournay and Mautravers. Gournay was beheaded, but Mautravers obtained his pardon from Edward III. Where was Edward II. buried ? In the Abbey-church of Gloucester. Mention his issue. 1. Edward, prince of Wales. 2. John, earl of Cornwall, who died young. 3. Jane, married to David Bruce, king of Scotland. 4. Eleanor, married to the count of Guelders. Mention the most remarkable events of this reign. 1312.—Gavaston, the king’s favourite, murdered. 1314.—June 23th, battle of Bannockbourn, in which David Bruce entirely defeated Edward’s army. 1316.—On account of a great famine this year, the par- liament limited the price of provision as follows:— an ox, for sixteen shillings ; a cow twelve shillings ; a fat hog two years old, three shillings and four pence ; a sheep unshorn, one shilling and eight pence; if shorn, one shilling and two pence; a goose two pence halfpenny ; a capon, two pence; c18 a hen, one penny; two chickens, one penny; four pigeons, one penny; twenty-four eggs, one penny ; a quarter of wheat, beans, or peas, sold for twenty shillings ; and whoever did not comply with these regulations forfeited the provisions to the king. 1319-—The university of Dublin founded. 1321. —Dante an Italian poet died, aged 57- 1322. —The order of the knights templars abolished by Pope Clement I. 1$26.—Oriel-college, in Oxford, founded by the king, or his almoner, Adam de Blome. The two Spencers, father and son, were hanged. Who reigned in France r Philip IV., who died in 1314; and was succeeded by Lewis X., who died in 1316. Philip V. ascended the throne, and died in 1323: he was succeeded by Charles IV. No. 13.—EDWARD III. In what year did he ascend the throne ? In 1327, died in 1377, after a reign of 50 years, four months, 27 days. To whom did Edward III. succeed ? To his father, Edward II., at 14 years of age, under the guardianship of the earl of Leicester. Who wanted to usurp the sovereign authority ? The queen, and Mortimer, earl of March. What was the fate of the queen and Mortimer ? The queen was confined for life at her house at Risings, and Mortimer was hanged at Tyburn, November 29th, 1330.19 Whom did Edward III. marry ? Philippa, daughter of the count of Holland and Hainault. Where did he die ? At Richmond, in Surrey. He was buried at Westminster- abbey. , J 4 Mention his issue. 1. Edward, the Black Prince. 2. Lionel, duke of Clarence. 3. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster. 4. Edmund, duke of York. 5. Thomas, duke of Gloucester. 6. Isabella, married to the earl of Bedford. 7. Joan, married to the king of Castile, but died in her journey to Spain. 8. Mary, married to the duke of Britannv. 9- Margaret, married to the earl of Pembroke. What were the chief events of this reign ? 1330. —Gunpowder invented by Schwartz, a monk of Cologne. November 29th, Mortimer was hanged at Elmes. 1331. —The art of weaving silk brought from Flanders by John Kemp. 1340.—Oil painting first made use of by John Vanneck. Edward took the title of king of France, and quartered with his own arms the fleurs-de-lis of France. At the same time he used the motto “ Dieu et mon droit.” Herald’s college instituted in England. 1344.—Gold first coined in England. The first creation of titles by patents used by King Edward III. 1346.—Battle of Durham, in which David, king of Scotland, was taken prisoner. August 26th, cannon first used by the English at c 220 the battle of Cressy, where Edward the Black Prince, at the head of 30,000 English, defeated 100.000 French, when the king of Bohemia and Majorca were slain. And Prince Edward, in memorial of that battle, adopted the three ostrich feathers, which was the crest of the king of Bohemia. Bombs first invented by a man of Venloo. 1347-—Calais taken by King Edward. 1349-—The order of the garter instituted by Edward, con- sisting of 26 knights. 1352.—At this time the largest silver coin in England was a groat. 1356.—Battle of Poitiers, in which 12,000 English defeated 60.000 French. King John and his fourth son Philip were taken prisoners by Edward the Black Prince. 1360.—May 8th, peace of Bretagne, by which Edward renounced all claim to the crown of France. 1362.—An act made to plead in the English language, French having been used before. Windsor-castle built by Edward III. Who reigned in France ? Charles IV., who died 1328; and was succeeded by Philip VI., who died 1350. John succeeded him, w'ho died 1364, when Charles V. was proclaimed king. No. 14 — EDWARD, THE BLACK PRINCE. Why was he called the Black Prince ? Because he used to wear black armour. Whose son was he ?21 The eldest son of Edward III. Whom did he marry ? Joan, the fair maid of Kent, daughter of the earl of Kent, and widow of Sir Thomas Hollaud. Mention his issue. 1. Edward, who died young. 2. Richard, afterwards king. What occasioned the Black Prince’s death ? A lingering illness, which terminated his life on the 8th of June, 1376, in the 46th year of his age. No. 15.—RICHARD II. When was he proclaimed king ? July the 16th, 1377, was deposed 1399, aged 34, after reigning 22 years, 3 months, 3 days. At what age did Richard succeed his grandfather, Ed- ward III. ? At eleven years of age. Where was he born ? At Bourdeaux. Who governed the kingdom during Richard’s minority ? His three uncles, with some of the nobility. Whom did he marry ? Anne, daughter of the emperor of Germany. He was also betrothed to Isabella of France, but died before he was married to her. What was the end of King Richard ? Henry, duke of Lancaster, having raised a rebellion, the parliament dethroned Richard, the 28th of September, and sent him to Pomfret-castle, in Yorkshire; where, on February the 14th, 1400, he was murdered by Sir Peter Exton and eight ruffians.Where was he buried ? At King’s Langley, in Hertfordshire, and afterwards at Westminster. Mention the remarkable events of this reign. 1378.—Greenland discovered by a Venetian. 1381.—A poll-tax was raised of three groats a year on all persons above fifteen years of age, which pro- duced a mutiny. Bills of exchange first used in England. 1389-—Battle of Otterburn, between Percy (Hotspur) and the earl of Douglas. 1391-—Playing cards invented, for the amusement of Charles VI.. king of France. In this reign also the ladies wore high head-dresses piked horns, with long-trained gowns, and rode on side-saddles, after the example of the Princess Anne of Bohemia, who first brought that fashion into England, before which time they used to ride astride, like men. Who was king in France ? Charles V., who died in 1380; and Charles VI. No. 16.—JOHN OF GAUNT. Duke of Lancaster. Whose son was he ? The third son of Edward III. Where was he born ? In Flanders, in the year 1340. Flow many wives had he ? Three;—l. Blanche of Lancaster, by whom he had Henry IV. 2, Constance of Castile, by whom he had a23 daughter, married to the king of Castile. 3. Catherine Roet, widow of Otho Swinford, of Hainault, by whom he had John Beaufort, aftewards earl of Somerset. When did John of Gaunt die ? In 1399, aged 59-HOUSE OF LANCASTER, [Also denominated the Red Rose.) No. 17.—HENRY IV., Sarnamed of Bolingbroke. In what year was he placed on the throne? In 1599, and died 1413, aged 46, having reigned 13 years, 5 months, 2 days. Who was Henry IV. ? The son of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, by Blanches he succeeded to Richard II. September 30th, 1399* Had he a just claim to the crown? No; it belonged by right to Mortimer, earl of March, a boy of seven years of age, the descendant of Lionel, duke of Clarence, second son of Edward III. How many wives had Henry IV. ? Two;—1. Mary de Bohun, daughter of the earl of Hereford ; 2. Jane, daughter of the king of Navarre, widow of the duke of Britanny. Where did he die ? In the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminister, March 20th, 1413. Where was he interred ? In the cathedral of Canterbury. Mention his issue. He had, by his first wife,— 1. Henry, prince of Wales. 2. Thomas, duke of Clarence.25 3. John, duke of Bedford. 4. Humphrey, duke of Gloucester. 5. Blanche, married to the duke of Bavaria. 6. Philippa, married to the king of Denmark. What were the principal events of this reign ? 1399-—The order of the Bath instituted, consisting of 38 knights. 1400.—Geoffrey Chaucer, the poet died, aged 72. 1403.—July 21st, battle of Battlefield, in Shropshire, where King Henry’s army obtained so complete a victory that 10,000 of the rebels were killed, among whom was Henry Percy (Hotspur), son of the earl of Northumberland. 1411.—The university of St. Andrew, in Scotland, was founded. Guildhall, in London, built. Who reigned in France. Charles VI. No. 18.—HENRY V., Surnamed of Monmouth. When was he proclaimed king? In the year 1413, and died in 1422, aged 34, having reigned 9 years, 5 months, 11 days. To whom did Henry V. succeed ? To his father, Henry IV., in the twenty fifth year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Catherine of France, daughter of Charles VI. After Henry’s death she married Sir Owen 'I udor, a Welsh gentleman, by whom she had three sons, Edmund, Jasper, Owen.26 In what manner ended the life of Henry V. ? As he was marching towards the river Loire, he was seized with a pleuritic fever, and died at Vincennes. His body was conveyed to England, and interred in Westminster- abbey. Mention his issue. » H enry, prince of Wales. Relate the remarkable events of Henry V.’s reign. 1415. —October 25th, battle of Agincourt, where Henry defeated the French, killed upwards of 10,000 men, and took 14,000 prisoners. 1416. —The king pledged his crown for 100,000 marks, and his jewels for 10,000 pounds. 1418.—King Henry took Cherburgh and Roan from the French. 1420.—May 21st, the treaty of Troyes, by which the dauphin of France was disinherited, and Henry V., by his marriage with Catherine of France, was to possess the crown of that kingdom after the death of Charles VI. Vines and sugar-canes first planted in Madeira. 1422.—The courts of England and France held at Paris. Who was on the throne of France? Charles VI., who died in 14SA , and Charles VII. No. 19—HENRY \ I., of Windsor. In what year did he ascend the throne ? In 1422. He was deposed in 1461, aged 39, after reign- ing 38 years, 6 months, 4 days. Who was Henry VI.? The only son of Henry V. He succeeded his father when but 9 months old, and reigned in England under the tutelage27 of his uncle Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and in France under that of the duke of Bedford. Whom did Henry marry ? Margaret of Anjou, daughter of Renatus, king of Naples. By whom was Henry VI. deposed ? By Edward, earl of March. What was the hnal fate of the wretched Henry ? Fie was seized at Waddington-hall, in Lancashire, con- ducted to the Tower, with his legs tied under a horse’s belly, and there murdered, in 1471 - Where was he buried ? At Windsor. Mention his issue. Edward Prince of Wales, who was murdered May 21st, 1471. What were the chief events of this reign ? 1424.—Battles of Crevant and Verneuil, gained by the English. 1430. —Henry VI. was crowned at Paris with a double crown. 1431. —May 30th, Joan of Arc, maid of Orleans, burnt for a witch at Rouen. 1434.—A great frost, which lasted ten weeks, so that the Thames was frozen over, below the bridge, as far Gravesend. 1438.—A great dearth, when wheat was sold for two shillings and sixpence the bushel, and bread was made of fern-roots and ivy-befries. 1446.—The Vatican library founded at Rome. 1447-—February 28th, murder of the late duke of Gloucester.. 1453. —The first lord-mayor’s show at London. 1454. —The university of Glasgow, in Scotland, founded. 1455. —May the 22d, battle of St. Alban’s, in which the Yorkists slew above 5000 of their enemies, and28 King Henry fell into the hands of the duke of York. l459-~“Sept. 23d, battle of Blore-heath, on the borders of Staffordshire, where the earl of Salisbury routed the royal army. 1460. —July 10th, battle of Northampton, in which the royalists were defeated, and the earls of Warwick and March took the king prisoner. December 24th, battle of Wakefield, where the duke of York was killed. Engraving and etching on copper invented. 1461. —Battle of Mortimer’s Cross, in Herefordshire, in which Edward, duke of York, defeated the earl of Pembroke and his father Sir Owen Tudor. The second battle of St. Alban’s won by Queen Margaret over the earl of Warwick. The college of Eton was founded in this reign. Who reigned in France ? Charles VII., who died in 1461 j and Lewis XI. No. 20.—LIONEL, Duke of C LARENCE. Who was Lionel ? The second son of Edward III. How many wives had Lionel ? Two ;—1. Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter of the earl of Ulster, by whom he had Philippa. 2. Violante, daughter of the duke of Milan. Where did he die ? In Italy.29 No. 21—PHILIPPA. Who was Philippa ? The only daughter of Lionel, duke of Clarence, by Elizabeth de Burgh. >- To whom was she married? To Edmund Mortimer, earl of March, by whom she had Roger Mortimer. No. 22.—ROGER MORTIMER, Earl of March. Whose son was he? The son of Edmund Mortimer, by Philippa, daughter of Lionel, duke of Clarence. Whom did he marry ? Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent, by whom he hand Anne, married to the earl of Cambridge, second son of Edmund, duke of York. Roger Mortimer had also a son, who died young. No. 23.—EDMUND LANGLEY, Duke of York. Whose son was he ? The fourth son of Edward III.30 How many wives had he ? Two;—1. Isabella of Castile. 2. Jane Holland. Mention his issue. He had, by his first wife,— 1. The earl of Rutland, afterwards duke of York, who was killed at the battle of Agincourt, in 1415. 2. The earl of Cambridge. No. 24.—Earl of Cambridge. Who was he ? The second son of Edmund, duke of York. Whom did he marry ? Anne of Clarence, daughter of Roger Mortimer, earl of March, by whom he had Richard, afterwards duke of York. What was the fate of the earl of Cambridge ? He was beheaded at Southampton in 1415. No. 25.—RICHARD, Duke of York. Whose son was he? The second son of the earl of Cambridge by Anne of Clarence. He took the title of duke of York after his uncle Edmund’s death. Whom did he marry ?31 Cicely, daughter of Ralph Nevil, earl of Westmoreland. What was his end ? He was killed at the battle of Wakefield. His body being found among the slain, Queen Margaret ordered his head to be cut off, and to be fixed on the gates of York, with a paper crown upon it, in derision of his pretended title. Mention his issue. 1. Edward, afterwards king. 2. Earl of Rutland, put to death by Lord Clifford in 1460. 3. George, duke of Clarence. 4. Richard, duke of Gloucester. 5. Anne. 6. Margaret. 7. Elizabeth.HOUSE OF YORK, (Also denominated the White Rose.) No. 26—EDWARD IV. When was he proclaimed king? The 5th of March, 1461, and died 1483, aged 42, having reigned 23 years. Who was Edward IV. ? The eldest son of Richard, duke of York. In what battles did he defeat Henry VI. ? 1. At Mortimer’s Cross, in Herefordshire. 2. At the second battle of St. Alban’s, where Edward was proclaimed king of England. Whom did he marry ? Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, widow of Lord Grey. Who was his celebrated friend ? Jane shore. Where did Edward die ? At Westminster, and was buried at Windsor. Mention his issue. 1. Edward, prince of Wales. 2. Richard, duke of York. 3. Elizabeth, married to Henry VII., king of England. 4. Cicely, married to Lord Wells. 5. Anne, married to Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk. 6. Mary. 7. Catharine, married to the earl of Devonshire.33 Relate the most remarkable events of this reign. 1461.—March 29th, battle of Towton, where the Yorkists killed above 26,000 Lancastrians. A tradesman executed for saying he would make his son heir to the Crown, alluding to the sign of his house. 1464.—May loth, battle of Hexham, in Northumberland; where Queen Margaret was defeated, and obliged to fly with her son into the forest. 1469-—Battle of Banbury. 1470.—October 14th, Henry restored to the throne by the earl of Warwick. 1471 •—April 14th, battle of Barnet, on Easter Day, in which the earl of Warwick was slain with his brother, and above 15,000 of his men W'ere killed by the Yorkists; Edward reasceneded the throne, and Henry was again sent to the Tower. May 4th, battle of Tewkesbury, where Queen Margaret and her son were taken prisoners. May 21st, Prince Edward, son of Margaret, mur- dered by the king’s order. Printing first brought into England, by one Caxton, a mercer; and the first printing press set up in Islip’s chapel, Westminster-abbey. 1475.■—Queen Margaret returned into France. 1478.—February 18th, the duke of Clarence drowned in a butt of malmsey in the Tower, by order of his brother, Edward IV. The university of Aberdeen, in Scotland, founded. Who was on the throne of France ? Lewis XI., who died in 1483. n34 No. 27.—EDWARD V. \Y hat year did he ascend the throne ? In 1483, and was murdered in 1483, aged 12, having reigned 2 months, 12 days. How old was Edward V. when lie succeeded his father? Twelve years of age. Who was appointed protector of the king and kingdom ? The king’s uncle, Richard duke of Gloucester. How did he exert his power ? By obliging the queen to deliver up to him Edward V., and his brother duke of York. What did he do with them ? Richard sent them both to the Tower, and caused the two young princes to be declared illegitimate, that he might be ac- knowledged king of England, What became of the unfortunate Edward V. and his brother? Richard ordered Sir James Tyrrel to put them to death. Did he execute that commission ? ' No; his three associates, Slater, Dighton, and Forrest, having gone to the Tower in the dead of the night, entered the chamber where the princes lay, and smothered them in bed; they then shewed the two dead bodies to Sir James Tyrrel, who ordered them to be buried at the foot of the stairs, deep in the ground, under a heap of stones. Who reigned in Fiance ? Charles VIII.35 No. 28.—RICHARD III., Surnamed Crook-back. What year did he cause himself to be crowned ? In 1483, and died in 1485, aged 42, after reigning 2 years, 2 months. Who was Richard III. ? The fourth son of Richard, duke of York, and brother to Edward IV.: he succeeded his nephew, Edward V., in the 40th year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Anne, second daughter of the earl of Warwick, and widow' of Edward, prince of Wales. By whom was Richard III. defeated, and what w'as his end ? Henry, earl of Richmond, surrounded him at the battle of Boswell, near Leicester; Richard, seeing that the day w'as lost, rushed into the midst of his enemies, and died sword in hand. His body being found in the held of battle, covered with blood and dirt, was thrown carelessly across a horse, and carried to Leicester. Where was he interred ? In the Grey-friars’ church of Leicester. Mention his issue. Edward, prince of Wales, who died before his father. What were the most remarkable events of that reism ? 1483.— Post horses and stages hrst established. October. The duke of Buckingham executed. There was an inundation of the river Severn which lasted ten days ; and men, women, and children, were carried away in their beds by the violence of it. d 236 14&3. —August 7th, the earl of Richmond sailed from Harfieur, in Normandy, with 2000 men, and landed at Milford-haven, in Wales. August 22d, battle of Bos worth, in which King Richard was killed, with 4000 of his men. Who was on the throne of France ? Charles VIII. No. 29.-—JOHN BEAUFORT, Earl of Somerset. Whose son was he ? The son of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, by Catherine Swineford. By whom, and in what time, was he created earl of Somerset ? When John of Gaunt married Catherine of Swineford, all the children whom that lady had borne him before marriage, were legitimated by his nephew King Richard II., in 1389: and his eldest son John Beaufort, was created earl of Somerset. Whom did he marry ? Margaret of Holland, sister and co-heiress of Edmund, earl, of Kent. In what year did the earl of Somerset die ? In 1409* He left two sons, John and Edmund. No 30.—JOHN BEAUFORT, Duke of Somerset. W hose son was he ? The son of John, earl of Somerset, by Margaret of Holland.37 Whom did he marry ? Margaret, daughter of John Beauchamp, of Bletso, by whom he had issue, Margaret, married to Edmund Tudor, In what year did he die ? In 1443 : his brother Edmund succeeded to his titles. No. 31.—MARGARET of Somerset. Whose daughter was she? The daughter of John, the first duke of Somerset. Whom did she marry ? Sir Edmund Tudor, half brother of Henry VI., and son of Sir Owen Tudor and Catherine of France, relict of Henry V., -by whom she had one son called Henry, who, after his father’s death, inherited the honour and fortune of Richmond. What became of Margaret ? Being a widow, she espoused in second marriage Sir Henry Stafford, and after the death of that gentleman, she married Lord Stanley; but having no issue by either of these husbands, her son Henry was the sole heir of all her possessions.HOUSE OF TUDOR, (Union of the Red and White Roses.) No. 32.—HENRY Earl of Richmond. When did he ascend the throne ? In 1485, and died 1509, aged 52, after a reign of 23 years, 8 months. Who was Henry VII. ? The son of Sir Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, by Margaret of Somerset. When was he crowned king of England ? The 30th of October, 1485. He succeeded Richard III., in the 29th year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., by which the claims of the houses of York and Lancaster were united. Of what did he die ? Of a consumption, the 22d of April, 1509, at his palace of Richmond, which he caused to be erected. Where was he intered ? At Westminster-abbey. Mention his issue. 1. Arthur, prince of Wales, who died before his father. 2. Henry, who succeeded his father. 3. Edmund, who died at five years old. 4. Edward, who died young. 5. Margaret, married to James IV. of Scotland. 6. Mary, married to Lewis XII. king of France, after- wards to the duke of Suffolk. And two daughters who died young. Mention the most remarkable events of this reign.39 1487-—Lambert Simnel, who pretended to be the young earl of Warwick, invaded England. The court of the star-chamber first instituted. June 6th, battle of Stoke, in Nottinghamshire, in which the rebels were defeated. 1488. —The Cape of Good Hope was discovered. 1489. —Maps and sea-charts brought into England by Bar- tholomew Columbus. 1491-—Greek first introduced into Oxford, by William Grocyn. 1492.—America discovered, by Christopher Columbus, a Genoese. 1494.—Algebra first known in Europe. 1497.—The Portuguese first sail to the East Indies. Florida, Jamaica, Porto-Rico, Trinidad, and New- foundland, were discovered by Cabot, a Venetian. June 22d, battle of Blackheath, where King Henry defeated the rebels. South America discovered, by Americus Vespucius, from whom it took its name. 1499--—North America discovered by Sebastian Cabot. Perking War bee, who pretended to be Richard duke of York, was executed. 1500. —A great plague, which swept off 30,000 people in London. 1501. —Marriage of Arthur, prince of Wales, with Catherine of Arragon. 1502. —Prince Arthur died in the 17th year of his age. 1505.—Shillings first coined in England. 1507.—The Island of Madagascar discovered by the Por- tuguese. Who reigned in France ? Charles VIII., who died in 1498, and was suc- ceeded by Lewis XII.40 No. 33.—HENRY VIII. In what year did he ascend the throne ? In April 22d, 1509, and died 1547, aged 56, after a reign of 37 years, 9 months, 6 days. Who was Henry VIII.? The second son of Henry VII., and succeeded his father at eighteen years of age. How many wives had he ? Six;—1. Catherine of Arragon, fourth daughter of Fer- dinand and Isabella, relict of his brother Arthur, whom he espoused against his will, at twelve year? of age ; he was divorced from her.—2. Anne Boleyn, whom he beheaded ; —3. Jane Seymour, who died in child-bed of Prince Ed- ward ;—4. Anne of Cleves, whom he divorced ;—5. Catherine H oward, who was beheaded ;—6. Catherine Parr, who survived him. Of what did he die? Of an ulcer in his leg, the 28th of January, 1547, the very night he had ordered the execution of the duke pf Norfolk. He was buried at Windsor. Mention his issue, 1. Mary, by Catherine of Arragon, and two other children, who died young. 2. Elizabeth, by Anne Boleyn. 3. Edward, prince of Wales, the son by Jane Seymour. What are the principal events of this reign? 1500.—Gardening introduced into England from the Nether- lands, from which vegetables were before imported. 1513.—August the 16th, battle of Guinegate, or of the41 4 Spurs, against Lewis XII., king of France, in which Henry took Terouenne and Tournay. September the 9th, battle of Flodden, where James IV., of Scotland, was slain. 1516. —So great a frost, that carts passed over the Thames on the ice. 1517. —The Reformation in religion begun in Germany, by Martin Luther. 1518. —Magellan discovered the straights of that name in South America. New Spain discovered by Fernandez Cortez. 1521.—Muskets first invented. The sea overflowed the dikes of Holland, drowned 72 villages and 100,000 people. 1523___The college of physicians, in London, instituted. 1525.—White-hall built by Cardinal Wolsey. February the 26th, battle of Pavia, where Francis I., king of France, was taken prisoner. 1530.—St.-James’s palace built. November 29th, Cardinal Wolsey, died of grief at Leicester-abbey. 1534. —The Reformation in religion begun in England. 1535. —Brass cannons first cast in England. Execution of Fisher, bishop of Rochester. 1536. —Monasteries dissolved. Cannon first used in ships. 1538. -—Leaden pipes for the conveyance of water in- vented. 1539. —The Bible printed in English, and ordered to be set up in churches. 1543.—Silk stockings first worn by the French king. Mortars and cannon first cast in iron. Pins first used, before which time the ladies used ivory skewers.42 1544-—Good lands let in Cambridgeshire at one shilling per acre. Vi ho reigned in France ? Lewis XII., who died in 1515. Francis I., who died in 1547- No. 34.—EDWARD VI. What year was he proclaimed king ? In 1547, and died 1553, aged 16, having reigned 6 years, 5 months, 8 days. Who w'as Edward VI. ? The son of Henry VIII., by Jane Seymour. He suc- ceeded his father at nine years of age, under the protectorship of his uncle, the duke of Somerset, the earl of Hertford, and 16' regents. Of what did he die ? Of a consumption, at Greenwich, the 6th of July, 1553. Where was he interred? At Westminster-abbey. Relate the principal events of this reign. 1547.—September the 10th, battle of Pinkey, won by the English over the Scots. 1549___Anabaptist came into England. 1550. —Horse-guards instituted. 1551. —The duke of Somerset executed. 1552. —Crowns and half-crowns first coined. 1553. —This was such a plentiful year, that a barrel of beer was sold for sixpence, and four great loaves for one penny. In this reign were founded, Christ’s Hospital, called the Blue-coat school; and St.-Thomas’s Hospital, for the sick and wounded.43 Who reigned in France? Henry II. No. 35.—QUEEN MARY. In what year did Queen Mary ascend the throne ? In 1553, and died 1558, aged 43, having reigned 5 years, 4 months, 11 days. Who was Queen Mary ? The eldest daughter of Henry VIII., by Catherine of Arragon : she succeeded her brother Edward VI., though Lady Jane Grey had been proclaimed queen in London. What pretension had Lady Jane to the crown ? She was great grand-daughter of Henry VIE, by Mary queen of France, widow of Lewis XII., who took Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, for her second husband, by whom she had Frances, married to Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset, to whom she brought three daughters, whereof Lady Jane wras the eldest. Was Lady Jane Grey ever married ? Yes ; she had espoused Lord Dudley Guilford, fourth son of the duke of Northumberland ; the ambition of her lather- in-law compelled her to claim the crown, but this unfortu- nate lady, in the 17th year of her age, with Lord Guilford her husband, were beheaded the 12th of February, 1554. To whom wras Queen Mary married ? To Philip II., king of Spain. Of what did she die ? Of a slow fever and a dropsy, the 17th of November, 1558. Where was she interred? At Wrestmmster-abbey. Mention the remarkable events of this reign.44 1557-—Glass first made into bottles in England. Calais taken by the French. J558.—July, two little towns near Nottingham beat down by thunder; and hail stones fell which measured fifteen inches in circumference. In this reign 300 persons were put to death, among whom were Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury ; Bishops Ridley, Latimer, Hooper, and Ferrar, 21 divines, 8 gentlemen, 84 artificers, 100 hus- bandmen, servants, and labourers, 26 wives, 20 widows, 9 virgins, 2 boys, and 2 infants; besides which, several died in prison, and many were whipped or otherwise cruelly treated. Who was king in France ? Henry II. No. 36.—ELIZABETH. When did Queen Elizabeth begin to reign ? In 1538, and died ldOS, aged 70, having reigned 44 years, 4 months, 7 days. Who was Elizabeth ? The second daughter of Henry VIII., by Anne Boleyn, born at Greenwich. She succeeded her sister Mary in the 26th year of her age. What pledge of her affection had she given tp the earl of Essex ? A ring, with a promise, that, let his disgrace be what it might, she would receive his apology. Why then did Elizabeth sign the warrant of his execution ? Because the countess of Nottingham, who had been em- ployed by the earl of Essex after his condemnation to carry45 the ring to her majesty, kept it till she was on her death- bed, which happened two years after Essex had been be- headed. What effect did that discovery produce on the queen ? She gave herself up to the deepest melancholy, refusing food, throwing herself on the ground, where she lay on cushions till her end was visibly approaching; she then named for her successor the Scottish monarch James VI., and died March 24th, 1603. Where was she interred ? In Henry VII.’s chapel at Westminster. What are the remarkable events of this reign t 1560.—June 15th,the spireofSt.Paursdestroyedbylightning. The Reformation in Scotland completed by John Knox. 1563. —Knives first made in England. July 16th, a violent storm of thunder and hail happened, which destroyed 500 acres of corn in Chelmsford. 1564. —Calvin the Reformer died, aged 55. 1569-—June the 7th, the foundation of the Royal Exchange, in London, laid by Sir Thomas Gresham. 1571-—February 17th, a great earthquake in Herefordshire, when Marclay-hill was removed from the place where it stood, and continued in motion two days; it carried along the trees, hedges, sheep, &c., and overturned Kyneston-chapel. 1572. — August 24th, the massacre of St. Bartholomew, at Paris. 1577-—Watches first brought into England from Germany. 1579-—The Dutch shook off the Spanish yoke, and the re- public of Holland begun. 1580.—Sir Francis Drake returned from his voyage round the world.46 Claude of Lorrain, landscape painter, died aged 82. 1584.—Virginia discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh, from whence tobacco was first brought into England. 1588.—The Spanish Armada commanded by the duke of Medina Cili, destroyed by Lord Effingham, Drake, Hawkins, &c. 1590.—The band of pensioners instituted in England. The art of weaving stockings introduced. Telescopes invented by Z. Jansen, a spectacle-maker, at Middleburgh. 1592.—The Thames was almost dry. 1593-—Twenty-eight thousand people died of the plague in London. 1601. —February 25th, Robert Devereaux, earl of Essex, beheaded. 1602. —Decimal Arithmetic invented at Bruges. The use of coaches was introduced, in this reign, by the earl of Arundel. Queen Elizabeth was the first that wore silk stock- ings in England. Who reigned in France ? Henry II., who died in 1559 j Francis II., who died in 1560; Charles IX., who died in 1574; Henry III., who died 1589 ; and Henry IV. No. 37.—PRINCESS MARGARET. Whose daughter was she ? The eldest daughter of King Henry VII. Whom did she marry ? James IV., king of Scotland, by whom she had James Stuart. When did she die ? In 1542.47 No. 38.—JAMES V., King of Scotland. Whose son was he ? The son of James IV. of Scotland, by Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. Whom did he marry ? Mary, of Lorrain, daughter of Claude, duke of Guise, and widow of Lewis, duke of Longueville, by whom he had Mary Stuart. When did he die ? On the 14th of December, 1542. No. 39—MARY STUART, Queen of Scotland. Whose daughter was she ? The daughter of James V., king of Scotland. How many husbands had she ? Three;—1. She married, in 1558, the dauphine, after- wards Francis II., king of France. In 1565, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, son of the earl of Lenox, by whom she had James VI. 3. In 1567, the earl of Bothwell, who was suspected to have murdered Lord Darnley, in 1567. What wras the consequence of her last marriage ? It produced an insurrection in her kingdom, Bothwell was taken prisoner, and Mary compelled to resign her crown to her son ; she escaped into England, and put herself under the protection of Queen Elizabeth.48 What happened afterwards ? Elizabeth confined her 18 years in Fotheringay-castle, in Northamptonshire, where Mary was beheaded, by her orders, the seventh of February, 1587. What became of Bothwell ? He escaped out of prison, and went to Dunbar, afterwards to one of the Orcades, where he turned pirate ; and at last re- tired to Denmark, where he lived ten years in great misery.HOUSE OF STUART. No. 40.—JAMES VI. Of Scotland, and I. of England. When was he proclaimed king ? July 25th, 1603, and died 1625, aged 59, having reigned 22 years, 3 days. Who was James I. ? The son of Mary, queen of Scots, by Lord Darnley : he was born at Edinburgh-castle, and succeeded Queen Elizabeth in the 37th year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Anne of Denmark. Of what did he die ? Of a tertian ague, at Theobald’s, and was interred at Westminister-abbey. Mention his issue. 1. Henry, prince of Wales, died in 1612. 2. Charles, duke of York, afterwards king. 3. Elizabeth, married to Frederic elector of Palatine, and four other children who died young. Relate the remarkable events of this reign. 1604. —A plague in London, by which 56,570 people died, 1605. —November 5th, the gunpowder plot; a j^roject of the Roman Catholics to blow up the king and both houses of parliament, at Westminster. 1609.—A frost happened which lasted four months, when heavy carriages passed over the Thames on the ice. E50 1610__Henry IV., king of France, murdered at Paris by Ravaillac, a priest. l6ll.—Baronets first created in England. l6'14.—Sir Hugh Middleton brought the New River to London from Ware, in Hertfordshire. 1616.—Shakespeare the poet died, aged 53. l6l8.—The circulation of the blood confirmed by Doctor Harvey. 1620.—Copper money first used in England. Who was on the throne of France ? Henry IV., who died in 1610, and was succeeded by Lewis XIII. No. 41.—CHARLES I. In what year did he ascend the throne ? In 1625, beheaded 1649, aged 49, having reigned 23 years, 10 months, 3 days. Who was Charles I. ? The second son of King James I. by Anne of Denmark. He was born at Dunfermling in Scotland, and succeeded his father in the 25th year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Henriette of France, daughter of Henry IV. What was the end of King Charles I. ? He was beheaded at Whitehall, January 30th, 1649, and privately interred in St.-George’s chapel, Windsor. Mention his issue. 1. Charles, afterwards king. 2. James, duke of York. 3. Henry, duke of Gloucester. 4. Mary, married to the prince of Orange.51 5. Elizabeth, who died young. 6. Henriette, married to the duke of Orleans, and two other daughters who died young. Mention the remarkable events of this feign. 1625.—A great plague in London, whereof 35,417 persons died. The island of Barbadoes, in the West Indies, first planted by the English. 1627.—Duty laid on coals. 1629-—August 23d, George Villiers, duke Of Buckingham, stabbed by Lieutenant Felton at Portsmouth. King Charles pawned his jewrels to the Dutch, and redeemed them by the sale of iron ordnance. 1630.—May 29th, a bright star appeared, and shone all the day. 1635.—The province of Mary-land, in North America, planted by Lord Baltimore. Regular post established from London to Scotland, &c, Thomas Parr was presented to the king, being 152 years of age. He had lived in ten reigns. l640.~~The massacre in Ireland, where upwards of 40,000 English Protestants were killed. 1642. —Excise on beer, ale, &c., first imposed by parliament October 23d, battle of Keinton, or Edge-hill. 1643. —May 16th, battle of Stratton. June 5th, battle of Lansdown. June 13th, battle of Roundway-down. September 20th, battle of Newbury. 1644. —July 2d, battle of Marsten-moor, in which, through the imprudence of Prince Rupert, the Royalists lost 4000 men, and 1500 more taken prisoners. Battle of Cropredy-bridge. October 27th, second battle of Newbury. 1645. —June 4th, battle of Naseby, where Fairfax made e 252 4500 prisoners, and took all the king’s artillery and ammunition. Who was on the throne of France ? Lewis XIII., who died 1643. Lewis XIV. suc- ceeded him. No. 42.—COMMONWEALTH, AND CROMWELL. Commonwealth begun in 1649, finished 1660. 1649*—Oliver Cromwell, a private gentlemen of Huntingdon, d' was sent as lieutenant-general into Ireland, which he subdued in nine months. 1650. —September 3d, battle of Dunbar, where the royalists were defeated by Cromwell, who took Leith and Edinburgh. 1651. —January 1st, Charles II. was crowned at Scoon in Scotland. September 3d, battle of Worcester, where Crom- well defeated the Scots, and King Charles was obliged to fly. He disguised himself in a peasant’s dress, and remained concealed a wdiole day on an oak at Boscobel, in Staffordshire ; but after many narrow escapes, he arrived at Fescamp, in Normandy. 1653.—December 16th, Cromwell assumed the Protector- ship. 1655.—May 16th, the English, under Admiral Penn, took Jamaica from the Spaniards. 1658.—September 3d, Oliver Cromwell died of a tertian ague, in the 5Qth year of his age, leaving his pro-53 tectorship to his eldest son, Richard, who, seven months after, signed his abdication in form. He died m Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire, in 1712. Who was on the throne of France ? Lewis XIV. No. 43.—CHARLES II. When was he proclaimed king ? May the 8ih, 1660, and died 1685, aged 55, having reigned 25 years. Who was Charles II. ? The eldrst son of King Charles 1. By whom was he restored to the throne ? By General Monk, who brought him to London, May 29th, after an exile of twelve years in France and Holland. Whom did King Charles marry ? Catherine, daughter of Don Juan IV., king of Portugal. Of what did he die ? Of an apoplectic fit, and was interred at Westminster. He left no legitimate children. Relate the principal events of this reign. 1662. —Dunkirk sold to the French for the sum of 400,000 pounds. The Royal Society established in London. 1663. —Carolina planted by the English. 1664. —The New Netherlands, in North America, conquered from the Swedes and Dutch, by the English. 1665. —The plague raged in London, and carried off 68,596 persons. 1666. —The great fire of London, September 2d, continued54 three days, and destroyed 13,000 houses and 400 streets. Tea first used in England. 1667*—Cowley died, aged 49- Peace of Breda, which confirmed to the English Penn- sylvania, New York, and New Jersey. The king laid the first stone of the Royal Exchange. 1668.—Peace of Aix la Chapelle. St.-James’s park planted, and made a thoroughfare for the public use. 1670. -—'This year died Henry Jenkins, of Yorkshire, aged 170, 1671. —May the 9th, Blood attempted to steal the crown out of the Tower, but was apprehended. 1672. —Battle of Solebay, between the combined fleets of the English, under the command of the duke of York. 1673. —Guineas first coined in England. 1674. —The earl of Clarendon died, in the 66th year of his age. Milton the poet died, aged 66. 1077-—The Monument built, by Sir Christopher Wren, at the expense of 30,000 pounds. 1678. —Peace of Nimeguen. 1679. —The act of Habeas Corpus passed this session. Battle of Bothwell-bridge. 1680. —A great comet appeared, and from its nearness to our earth alarmed the inhabitants. It continued visible from November the 3d to March the 9th. 1683.—A frost which continued thirteen weeks. Lord Russel beheaded in Lincoln’s-Inn Fields, Twopenny post first instituted. Who reigned in France ? Lewis XIV.No. 44 —JAMES II. In what year did he reign ? In 1685, deposed 1688, aged 55, after a reign of 3 years, 10 months. Who was James II. ? The second son of King Charles I. by Henriette of France. He succeeded his brother, Charles II., February the l6th, 1685. How many wives had he? Two;—=1. He espoused Anne Hyde, daughter of the earl of Clarendon, when he was duke of York. 2. Josephaof Modena. When was he deposed ? On December the 20th, 1688. The queen and the infant prince escaped into France, the king followed them, but was seized at Feversham by the populace, and brought back to London, from whence he escaped a second time the 23d. He arrived safely at St. Germain, where he died September the 16th, 1700, in the 68th year of his age, and was buried in the church of the Benedictines at Paris. Mention his issue. He had by Anne Hyde, 1. Mary, married to the prince of Orange. 2. Anne, married to George, prince of Denmark ; and five others who died young. By Josepha of Modena; 3. Charles, who died young. 4. James, afterwards called the Chevalier de St. George, and three daughters born in England, and a fourth born at St. Germain,56 Mention the remarkable events of James II.’s reign. o 1685.—-The duke of Monmouth, natural son of King Charles II., raised a rebellion, but was defeated at the battle of Sedgmore, and beheaded on Tower-hill July the 15th. 1(387-—The palace of Versailles, near Paris, finished by Lewis XIV. Charity schools instituted in England. 1 (3S8-—June 10th, birth of the prince of Wales. November 5th, William Henry of Nassau, prince of Orange, and Mary, landed at Torbay, in Devon- shire. November 5th, the Prince George of Denmark with the Princess Anne, forsook the,king to join the prince of Orange. 1689-—Battle of Killycrankie, where the viscount of Dundee was killed in fighting for King James. In this reign the duke of Buckingham introduced from Venice the manufacture of glass and crystal into England. Who reigned in France? Lewis XIV. No. 45.—PRINCESS MARY. Whose daughter was she? The eldest daughter of King Charles I. Whom did she marry ? William of Nassau, prince of Orange; by whom she had William Henry, prince of Orange.HOUSE OF ORANGE. No. 46.—WILLIAM III., and MARY. What was the date of his accession to the throne ? The llth of April, 1689* William died 1702, aged 52, having reigned 13 years, 3 weeks, 2 days. Who was William III. ? The son of William of Nassau, prince of Orange, bom at the Hague. He was about 39 years of age when he suc- ceeded his father-in-law James II. In what year did he marry ? He was married in 1677, to the Princess Mary, eldest daughter of King James II. What occasioned Queen Mary’s death ? She died of the small-pox, in the 33d year of her age, December the 28th, 1694, and was interred in Henry VII.’s chapel, Westminster. What was the cause of William’s death ? A declining health, and a fall from his horse, near Hampton Court. He died at Kensington-palace, the 8th of March, 1702, and was interred near his queen. They left no issue. What are the remarkable events of William III.’s reign? 1689-—The land-tax passed in England. 1690.—Battle of the Boyne, gained by King William over the French and the Irish, when James II. w as ob- liged to retire to Dublin. 1691*—Robert Boyle died, m the 65th year of his age. July 12th, battle ol Aghnm, wherein 4000 Irish,58 and their general, St. Ruth, were slain, and the war in Ireland finished. 1692. —The French fleet defeated oft* La Hogue, by the English and Dutch fleets commanded by Admiral Russel. 1693. —July, battle of Landen, gained by King William and the allies over the French. Bayonets first used by the French at the battle of Turin. I694—Hackney coaches first taxed. The Bank of England established. The first public Lottery was drawn in England. Stamp duties instituted. 1697 —Treaty of Ryswick, which gave peace to Europe 1700. —Sir William Temple died, aged 72. 1701. —Prussia erected into a kingdom. Dryden died, in the 69th year of his age. Who was king in France ? Lewis XIV. No. 47.— QUEEN ANNE. W hen did Queen Anne begin to reign ? I11 1702, and died 1714, aged 50, having reigned 12, years, 4 months, 24 days. Who was Queen Anne ? The second daughter of King James II. by Lady Anne Hyde: she succeeded to her brother-in-law', William III., in the 37th year of her age. Whom did Queen Anne marry ? / Prince George of Denmark.59 Of what did she die ? Of an apoplexy, at Kensington-palace, August 1st, 1714. Where was she buried ? At Westminster-abbey. Mention her issue. She had six children, who all died in their infancy. Relate the most remarkable events of this reign. 1704.—August, battle of Blenheim, a village in Germany, won by the duke of Marlborough and the allies, in which 20,000 French and Bavarians were killed or wounded, and 13,000 taken prisoners. Gibraltar taken, by Sir George Rooke, from the Spaniards. Alcantara, a city of Portugal, taken by Lord Galway. Locke the philosopher died, aged 73. 1706. —July 22d, union between England and Scotland. Battle of the Ramillies, in the Austrian Netherlands, won by the duke of Marlborough, in which 8000 of the enemy were killed and wounded, and 6000 taken prisoners. 1707. —The first British parliament met. 1708. —Minorca taken from the Spaniards by General Stan- hope. October 28th, Prince George of Denmark died. Battle of Oudenard, won by the duke of Marborough and the allies. 1709. —Battle of Malplaquet, a town of Hainault, won by the duke of Marlborough and the allies, in which the French lost 15,000 men. 1710. —The cathedral of St. Paul, London, rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren, in 35 years, at one million ex- pense, by a duty on coals. 1713.—Peace of Utrecht, whereby Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Britain, and Hudson’s Bay, in North60 America, were yielded to great Britain ; Gibraltar and Minorca, in Europe, were also continued to the said crown, by this treaty. Who reigned in France? Lewis XIV. No. 48.—PRINCESS ELIZABETH Whose daughter was she? The daughter of King James I. Whom did she marry"? Frederic, elector Palatine, and hereditary king of Bo- hemia ; by whom she had Sophia. No. 49.—PRINCESS SOPHIA. Whose daughter was she? The daughter of Frederic, elector Palatine, by Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King James I. Whom did she marry ? Ernest Augustus, duke and elector of Brunswick Lunen- burgh, or Hanover; by whom she had George I.HOUSE OF HANOVER. No. oO.—-GEORGE 1, When was George I. proclaimed ? Ahgust the 1st, 1714, and died .1727, aged G8, alter reigning 12 years, 10 months, 10 days. Who was George I. ? The elector of Brunswick Lunenburgh or Hanover, eldest son of Ernest Augustas, duke of Brunswick, &c.; byPrincess Sophia, grand-daughter of King James I. He succeeded Queen Anne in the 54th year of his age. Where was he when Queen Anne died? At Hanover. He arrived in London, September 20th, and was crowned the 20th of October. To whom was he married ? To Sophia Dorothy, daughter and heiress of the duke of Zel. Of what did he die ? Of a paralytic disorder, at Osnaburg, in Germany, June the 11th, 1727, and was buried at Hanover, Mention his issue. 1. George, prince of Wales. 2. Sophia, married to Frederic II., king of Prussia. Mention the principal events of this reign. 1715.—April 22d, a total eclipse. September, a rebellion broke out in Scotland, headed by the earl of Mar, in favour of the pretender, James VIII.; but after the surrender of Preston the rebels dispersed.62 1716.—January, a severe frost, the Thames was froze quite over, and whole oxen roasted upon it. The pretender married to the Princess Sobieski, grand- daughter of John Sobieski, king of Poland. An act passed for septennial parliaments. 1718.—July 31st, Sir George Byng destroyed the Spanish fleet, at Syracuse. 1720. —The South-sea scheme begun in England. 1721. -—August, Inoculation of the small-pox was first tried, with success, on seven criminals in Newgate. 1 722.*—August the 9th, the remains of the great duke of Marlborough were intered in Westminster-abbey. 1727.—March 20th, Sir Isaac Newton died in the 85th year of his age. Russia, formerly a dukedom, established as an empire. Who was king in France ? Lewis XIV. who died in 1715, and was succeeded by Lewis XV. No. 51—GEORGE II. In what year did he ascend the throne ? In 1727, and died in 1760, aged 77, having reigned 33 years, 4 months, 14 days. Who was George II. ? The son of George I., by Sophia Dorothy of Zell. Where was he born ? At Hanover. He succeeded his father in the 44th year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Caroline, daughter of the margrave of Anspach.63 Of what did he die ? Of an apoplectic fit, at Kensington-palace, the 25th of October, 1760. Where was he interred ? At Westminster-abbey. Mention his issue. 1. Frederick, prince of Wales. 2. William, duke of Cumberland. 3. Anne, married to the prince of Orange. 4. Amelia, died unmarried. 5. Caroline, died unmarried. 6. Mary, married to the landgrave of Hesse. 7. Louisa, married to the king of Denmark. Relate the remarkable events of this reign. 1729.—Sir Richard Steele died. 1732__Gay the poet died, aged 56. 1738. —Westnainster-bridge, consisting of fifteen arches, begun, and finished in 1750, at the expense of 389,000 pounds. 1739. —Porto Bello, in South America, taken from the Spaniards by Admiral Vernon. 1743. —Battle of Dettingen, won by the English; his Britan- nic majesty lost 2500 men, and the French, com- manded by Marshal Noailles, 6000, and a great number of officers. 1744. —A French fleet, commanded by Count Saxe, having on board the young pretender, projected to invade England, but were drove on shore. Commodore Anson returned from his voyage of three years apd nine months, in which time he sailed round the world. Pope died, aged 56. • 745.—June. A rebellion broke out in Scotland. September 21st, battle of Preston-pans.64 May 1st, battle ofFontenoy, won by the French over the Allies. April 30th, Louisburg, in North America, taken by the English, after a siege of 49 days. Swift died, aged 56. 1746.—April 1 (5th, battle of Culloden, where the duke of Cumberland defeated the pretender’s army. 1752. —The new style introduced into England; the third of .September was accounted the fourteenth. 1753. —-The British Museum erected at Montague-house. 1755.—Lisbon destroyed by an earthquake. 1756—June 20th, 146 Englishmen were confined in the black-hole, at Calcutta, in the East Indies, by order of the Nabob, and 123 died next morning. 1758.—The Asylum for Orphan Girls, near Westminster- bridge, was first instituted. 17B9.—August 1st, battle of Minden, in which 7000 English defeated 80,000 French regular troops. Battle of Abraham, near Quebec, in North America, where General Wolfe was killed, the French were defeated, and Quebec reduced by Lord Townshend. August 13th, Admiral Boscawen defeated the Tou- lon squadron. 1759-—May 1st, the island of Guadaloupe surrendered to the English. The island of Goree, on the coast of Africa, taken by Commodore Keppel. November the 20th, Sir Edward Hawke defeated the Brest fleet. Who reigned in France ? Lewis XV.65 No. 52.—FREDERICK, Prince of Wales. Whose son was he? The eldest son of George II. He was born at Hanover in 1707. Whom did he marry ? Princess Augusta, daughter of Frederick, second duke of Saxe Gotha. In what year did he die ? In 1751. Mention his issue. 1. George, afterwards king. 2. Edward, late duke of York. 3. William, duke of Gloucester. 4. Henry, late duke of Cumberland. 5. Augusta, married to the duke of Brunswick. 6. Caroline Matilda, married to the late king of Denmark. 7- Elizabeth, died unmarried. No. 53.—GEORGE III. When was he proclaimed king ? On October the 26th, 1760. Who is George III. ? The eldest son of Frederick, prince of Wales, born at London, the 4th of June, 1738. He succeeded his grand- father, George II., in the 23d year of his age. Whom did he marry ? Charlotte Sophia, princess of Mecklenburg Strelitz, who was born May 19, 1744. They were both crowned Sep- tember the 22d, 1761. Mention their issue. 1. George Augustus Frederick, prince of Wales, regent, married to the Princess Caroline of Brunswick. F l66 2. Frederick, duke of York, married to the eldest daughter of the late king of Prussia. 3. William Henry, duke of Clarence. 4. Princess Charlotte Augusta Matilda, married to the king of Wirtemberg. 5. Edward, duke of Kent. 6. Princess Augusta Sophia. 7. Princess Elizabeth. 8. Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland, married to the princess of Salm. 9- Augustus Frederick, duke of Sussex. 10. Adolphus Frederick, duke of Cambridge. 11. Princess Mary. 12. Princess Sophia. 13. Princess Amelia, who died November the 2d, 1810. There were also two princes who died in their infancy. What are the remarkable events of George III.’s reign ? ] 760.—Black-Friars’ bridge, consisting of nine arches, begun, and finished in 1770, at the expense of 152,840 pounds, discharged by a toll, which was taken off the 22d of June, 1785. 1761. —Samuel Richardson died, aged 72. Belleisle, an island on the coast of Britanny, in France, taken by Commodore Keppel and General Hodson. The fortress of Pondicherry, in the East Indies, sur- rendered to General Coote and Adiiriral Stevens. 1762. —The island of Martinico, Granada, Grenadilla, St. Vincent, and others of less note, were subdued by the British arms. Havannah, a sea-port town of the island of Cuba, in the West Indies, taken by the earl of Albemarle and Admiral Pocock. They also captured the Her- mione, a register-ship, the cargo of which was valued at a million sterling. The treasure passed67 in triumph through Westminster to the Bank the very hour the prince of Wales was born. 1763. —Peace concluded between England, France, and Spain. 1764. —The parliament granted 10,000/. to Mr. Harrison for his discovery of the longitude by his time-piece. 1765. —'Dr. Edward Young died. 1768.—The Academy of Painting established in London. 1774. —Goldsmith the poet died, aged 45. 1775. —Hostilities commenced between England, France, Spain, and America. June 17th, battle of Bunker’s-hill, between the royal troops and the Americans, in which 226 of the king’s troops were killed, and 800 wounded. 1777-—Philadelphia, the capital of Pennsylvania, in North America, taken possession of by General Howe. 1778.—October 17th, Pondicherry, a town on the coast of the East Indies, surrendered to the English. Voltaire died, aged 85. 1779•—St. Vincent and Granada taken by the French. Garrick died. 1780. —January 8th, Admiral Rodney took twenty-two sail of Spanish ships. May 4th, Charles-Town, in South Carolina, sur- rendered to Sir Henry Clinton. June 2d, riots in London for several successive days, in which some popish chapels were destroyed, together with the prisons of Newgate, the King’s- Bench, and the Fleet. 1781. —August 5th, a bloody engagement between Hyde Parker and the Dutch. Negapatam surrendered to the English, as did Fort Ostenburgh, in the East Indies. 1782. —The Royal George, of 100 guns, sunk at Portsmouth, with Admiral Kempenfelt and 600 persons onboard.08 Sir G. Rodney defeated the French fleet. 1783.—The order of St. Patrick instituted in Ireland. August 27th, the first air-balloon let off in Paris by Mr. Mongolfier. September 3d, a general peace. 1787-—Convicts first sent to Botany-Bay. 1789.—April, a dreadful riot in Paris, and the destruction of the Bastile. J/^^.^Tippoo Saib defeated by the earl of Cornwallis. The king of France, Lewis XVI., deposed. 1792. —March 1, Leopold, emperor of Germany, poisoned. March 16th, Gustavus, king of Sweden, shot at a masquerade. 1793. —June 20th, the king of France beheaded, and war commenced between France and England. October 16th, Maria Antoinette, queen of France, beheaded. November 6, the duke of Orleans beheaded at Paris. 5 794--““March lltli, Jean Baptiste Guillotine, the inventor of the fatal machine which bears his name, be- headed with it at Lyons. March 23d, the island of Martinico retaken from the French, by Sir Charles Grey and Sir J. Jervis. May 12th, Madame Elizabeth, sister to the king of France, beheaded at Paris. A dreadful fire near Ratcliffe-cross, which consumed six hundred houses. June 1st, Lord Howe defeated the French fleet, near Ushant. 1796-—May 25th, St. Lucia, in the West Indies, taken by Sir Ralph Abercromby. August 16th, the Dutch spice island surrendered to the British forces. Eighteen millions sterling, raised by voluntary sub- scription, in fifteen hours and twenty minutes.69 December 23d, the French landed in Bantry-bay, in Ireland. 1797. —February 14, Admiral Sir J. Jervis obtained a signal victory over the Spanish fleet, oft’ Cape St. Vincent. February 22d, fourteen hundred French troops landed at Fishguard, in Pembrokeshire, and were all made prisoners. October 14th, Admiral Duncan took and destroyed 15 Dutch ships of the line, off the Texel. December 2d, a new gold coinage of seven-shilling pieces was issued at the bank of England. 1798. —Dangerous conspiracy in Ireland. Admiral Nelson totally defeated the French fleet in the mouth of the Nile, off Rosetta, in Egypt. 1799-—May 4th, Seringapatam, the capital of Tippoo, in the East Indies, was captured by General Harris. Inoculation with vaccine introduced, by Dr. Jenner. 1800. —July 12th, the first stone of the new Wet Docks, near the Isle of Dogs, was laid. 1801. —January 1st, union with Ireland. April 2d, a complete victory gained over the Danes, by Sir Hyde Parker and Lord Nelson. 1802. —A general peace. 1803. —War renewed with France and Holland. July 2d, dollars issued by the bank of England as silver tokens. 1804. —December 2d, Napoleon Buonaparte crowned em- peror of France. 1805. —October 21st, Lord Nelson defeated the French and Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar, where he received a musket ball in his left breast, of which he died. 1806. —January 9th, public funeral of Lord Nelson, who w'as interred in St.-Paul’s cathedral. February 22d, public funeral of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt who was interred at Westminster-abbey.70 July, Buenos Ayres, in South America, taken by Sir H. Popham. October 10th, public funeral of the Honourable Charles Fox. 1807. -—Copenhagen and the Dutch fleet surrendered to the English. 1808. —Revolution in Spain, occasioned by Buonaparte’s placing his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. September the £0th, Covent Garden destroyed by lire. 1809. —January 22d, part of St.-James’s palace burnt. February 24th, Drury-lane theatre consumed by fire. Battle of Corunna, where the English defeated the French. July 28th, battle of Talavera, won by the English over the French. 1810. —February 8th, the island of Guadaloupe, in the West Indies, retaken from the French, by Sir George Beckwith and Sir Alexander Cochrane. April 1st, Napoleon Buonaparte, emperor of France, married to the Archduchess Maria Louisa, daughter of Francis, emperor of Germany. April 16th, the isle of St. Maine, in the Mediter- ranean, taken by Brigadier-General Oswald. May 29th, the crown-prince of Sweden died suddenly in reviewing his cavalry. He was succeeded by General Bernadotte. July 1, Lewis Buonaparte, king of Holland, is compel- led to resign his crown in favour of his eldest son. 1811. —May 12th, a destructive phcenomenon appeared at Bonsall, in the Peak of Derbyshire ; a cloud of a serpentine form tore up large trees, and conveyed them from 50 to 100 yards distance, cows were lifted from one field to another. At the same time hail-stones and lumps of ice fell, which measured from nine to twelve inches in circumference.71 181L.—September 1st, a comet appeared in England. 1812. —Mr. Perceval shot by Bellingham, as he was passing through the lobby of the parliament house. 1813. —December 2d, the prince of Orange reinstated in Holland. December 20th, the allies entered Switzerland at the head of 100,000 men, in their way to France. 1814. —March 31st, the allies entered Paris. April 7th, Napoleon Buonaparte deposed, and sent to the island of Elba, in the Mediterranean. Lewis XVIII. recalled to the throne of France, and on May 3d he made his triumphal entry into Paris. June 1st, a general peace signed at Paris. 1815. —March 1, Buonaparte landed in France with 600men. March 19th, Lewis XVIII. withdrew to Lille, and Buonaparte entered Paris the following day. June 18th, battle of La Belle Alliance, Mont St. Jean, or of Waterloo, where Buonaparte’s army was totally defeated by the allies commanded by the Duke of Wellington. June 22, Buonaparte abdicated the throne of Franc e July 9tb, Lewis XVIII. reinstated on the throne. July 15th, Buonaparte embarked with 60 of his suite, and sailed for the island of St. Helena, August 4th. November 20th, a general peace signed at Paris. 1816. —Bombardment of Algiers, and the Algerine Fleet destroyed, by Lord Exmouth. Who reigned in France? Lewis XV. who died in 1774, and Lewis XVI. who was beheaded in 1793. Napoleon Buona- parte crowned in 1804, and Lewis XVIII. reinstated in 1815.72 No. 54.—PRINCESS AUGUSTA. Whose daughter was she? Her royal highness was daughter of Frederick prince of Wales, and sister to his majesty George III., born August 11th, 1737. Whom did she marry ? The duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle, by whom she had Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, born May 17th, 1768. No. 55.—GEORGE, Prince of Wales, Regent. When was he appointed regent of the united kingdom? On December the 28th, 1810. Who is George, prince of Wales? The eldest son of George III., born August 12th, 1762. To whom was his royal highness married ? To Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, daughter of the duke of Brunswick. Mention his issue. Princess Charlotte Augusta, born January 7th, 1796. No. 56.—PRINCESS CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA, Who was Princess Charlotte ? The only child of George, prince of Wales, by Princess Caroline of Brunswick. Whom did she marry? Prince Leopold of Saxe Cobourg, May 2d, 1816. What occasioned Princess Charlotte’s death? 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