POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY The Pekingese Spaniel (DISTEMPER) 1*0 WOB«4 Cornell University Library SF 429.P3B65 The Pekingese spaniel.(Disternper) 3 1924 001 042 260 LIBRARY NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE ITHACA, N. Y. Mmwwt/iUMmrMim Copyright by W. J. Skinner, 1917. POPULAR HANDBOOKS OF THE DAY. PRINCE KUNCi OF ALDERBOURNE Red Pekingese with Black Mask. K. O. S. B. 194072. STUD FEE $50.00. OWNER, MRS. M. M. VAN BEUREN, Sunnyfields Farm, Newport, R. I. The Pekingese Spaniel Standard AS APPROVED BY THE PEKINGESE CLUB OF AMERICA 1. Expression. — Must suggest the Chinese origin of the Pekingese in its quaintness and individuality, resemblance to the lion in directness and independence and should imply courage, boldness, self esteem and combativeness rather than prettiness, daintiness or delicacy. la. Head. — Massive broad skull, wide and fiat between the ears (not dome shaped), wide between the eyes. 2. Nose. — Black, broad, very short and flat. 3. Eyes. — Large, dark, prominent, round, lustrous. 4. Stop. — Deep. 5. Ears. — Heart shaped, not set too high, leather never long enough to come below the muzzle, not carried erect, but rather drooping, long feather. 6. Muzzle. — Very short and broad, not underhung nor pointed, wrinkled. POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAT. 7. Mane. — Profuse, extending beyond shoulder blades, forming ruff or frill round front of neck. 8. Shape of body. — Heavy in front, broad chest falling away lighter behind, lion-like, not too long in the body. 9. Coat and feather and condition. — Long with thick undercoat, straight and fiat, not curly nor wavy, rather coarse but soft, feather on thighs, legs, tail and toes, long and profuse. 10. Color. — All colors are allowable. Red, fawn, black, black and tan, sable, brindle, white and parti-colored, black masks and specta- cles around eyes, with lines to ears are desirable. 11. Legs. — Short, forelegs heavy, bowed out at elbows, hind legs lighter but firm and well shaped. 12. Feet. — Flat, not round, should stand well up on toes, not on ankles. 13. Tail. — Curled and carried well up on loins, long, profuse, straight feather. 14. Size. — Being a Toy dog the smaller the better, provided type and points are not sacrificed; anything over 18 pounds must disqualify. When divided by weight classes, should be over 10 pounds anl under 10 pounds. 15. Action. — Free, strong and high, crossing feet or throwing them out in running should not take oft' marks. Weakness of joints should be penalized. SCALE OF POINTS: Expression 5 Head 10 Nose 5 Eyes 5 Stop 5 Ears Muzzle 5 Shape of body 10 Mane 5 . . 10 Coat and feather and condition. Color D Legs 5 Feet 5 Tail 10 Action 10 100 ONE OF THE HOLIYWOODS THE PEKINGESE IT'S HISTORY AND EARLY DAY (Specially Written for the Blue Book of Dogdom Handbooks of the Day.) Of their early history, little is known, beyond the fact that at the looting of the Summer Palace of Pekin, in 1860, bronze effigies of these dogs, known to be more than two thousand years old, were found within the sacred precincts. The dogs were, and are to this day, jealously guarded under the supervision of the Chief Eunuch of the Court, and few have ever found their way into the outer world. In writing a true account of the breed, it may be unavoidable to dispel some of the existing impressions with reference to the so-called "imported dogs." Pekin Spaniels can be imported without difficulty, as they abound in the various towns of China, but in the case of the Palace dog it is an altogether different matter, and the two should on no account be confounded. The history of the breed in England dates from the importation in 18 60 of five dogs taken from the Summer Pal- ace where they had no doubt been for- gotten on the flight of the Court the interior. Admiral Lord John Hay, who was present on active service, gives a graphic account of the finding of these little dogs in a part of the gar- den frequented by an aunt of the Em- peror, who had committed suicide on the approach of the allied forces. Lord John and another naval officer, a cousin of Richmond's, each secured two dogs; the fifth was taken by General Dunne, who presented it to Queen "Vic- toria. Lord John took pains to ascer- tain that none had found their way into the French camp, and he heard then that the others had all been removed to Jehal with the Court. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that these five were the only Palace dogs, or Sacred Temple dogs of Pekin, which reached England, and it is from the pair which lived to a respectable old age at Good- wood that so many of the breed now in England trace their descent. Many years ago Mr. Alfred deRoths- child tried, through his agents in China, to secure a specimen of the Palace dog, in order to carry on the Goodwood strain, but without success. Interest was aroused about eleven years ago by the appearance of a small dog, similar in size, color, and general type to those so carefully cherished at Goodwood. This proved to be none other than the since well-known sire Ah Cum, owned by Mrs. Douglas Mur- ray, whose husband having extensive interests in China, had managed after many years to secure a true Palace dog, smuggled, in a box of hay, placed in- side a crate which contained Japanese deer! Ah Cum mated without delay to two Goodwood bitches, the result being, in the first litters, Ch. Goodwood Lo, and Goodwood Put-Sing. To these three sires, some of the bluest Pekingese POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Ph to 18,3 V.s Qu^ha of Ll£t\ruc| duetia -*f ' JL'Wa.ftf* OWNER, MRS. A. McCLURE HALLEY, Gravesend, Brooklyn, N. Y. POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Of\e of tke Early Pekes ih America CK. Tai Pal\ A. K. C. S. B. 130118 Owned by Mrs. Paul Sorg, New York City. ments and courts of their owners, and are not seen by her. "The pavilion at the Summer Palace, where the Empress Dowager's dogs are kept, was near her throne-room, and also near the pavilion she had set aside for me. When the Court was taking its siesta I used to go out where the dogs were basking in the sun in their court, and look and play with these in- teresting little animals. Among the younger set of the pampered pets was one that caught my fancy — one of those which had been brought for her Majesty to look at in the gardens. He was a beautiful white-and-amber-colored Pek- ingese Pug. One night, at her Majesty's table, one of her eunuchs brought in this very little dog, and put it in my arms, saying her Majesty had presented it to me from her own kennels^ and I was to call him 'Me-lah' (Golden Am- ber), from the color of his spots. Her Majesty and the Princesses were all ' much amused at the way he followed me around, not leaving my side for an instant, nor paying any attention to their frequent efforts to attract his at- tention. From that day he became my constant companion and faithful friend. "The Empress Dowager seemed also to possess almost magical power over animals. Her dogs never paid the slight- est attention but to her voice, and would obey her slightest gesture; but, fond as she was of them, she rarely ca- ressed them; and she was so particular about her hands, that when she did stroke or fondle one of her pets, she would immediately after have a cloth wrung out of hot Water brought to wipe her fingers. I never saw a puppy in her arms but once, and this was a puppy which she took a fancy to when visiting her kennels one day, and she brought him back to the throne-room in her POPUIAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. arms and played with him for some time. In one portrait she was seated upon her throne, but not in a tradi- tional attitude. I asked her to let me paint her two favorite dogs lying beside her footstool — the blonde 'Shadya' and dusky 'Hailo.' Her Majesty gladly con- sented, and 'Hailo' was ordered to be decorated in his 'gala costume.' This consisted of two large chrysanthemums tied in his hair over his ears. 'Shadya,' the Pekingese Pug, resented any such accoutrement, and was painted in his natural state. She took the liveliest in- terest in the painting of the dogs' por- traits, and seemed to think it much more wonderful to paint these little an- imals so that they were recognizable, than to make a likeness of herself." HOW PEKINGESE ORIGINATED. WASHING YOUR PEKES. — IS— This business of washing requires some skill to do it properly. No dog should be washed immediately after a hearty meal, but an hour or so before it. The water for the purpose should be at least lukewarm, because it is more likely to be effective than cold water in cleansing both coat and skin. It is always best to do the work in a warm atmosphere, as the dogs are there less liable to take cold. Toy or delicate dogs must always be washed in a warm room. Some regard must be paid to the character and quality of the soap used for the purpose of washing dogs. Those soaps which have an excess of alkali should be avoided, as they are quite unsuitable, and are liable to set up ir- ritation of the skin. Whether it does that or not it will make the hair dry, harsh and brittle. As good a soap as any in the market is the well-known C. S. R. Sanitary soap, which is very cleansing and not at all irritating and sure death to fleas. When the Summer Palace at Peking was destroyed by Sir Hope Grant's for- ces in 1860, it is said that the bodies of thirty of the sacred lion dogs of China which had been destroyed to save them from falling into the hands of the white barbarians, were found, and that on lifting up a curtain four more of the little animals were discovered alive sit- ting up and wagging their forepaws, "chin-chining ' as it was called, in mute THE OLD LION DOG From a Painting: of the Seventeenth Century appeal for release from captivity. These four dogs, tradition says, were smug- gled away in a bundle of hay and brought to England, where they formed the nucleus of the breed so popularly represented to-day by the Royal Palace Pekingese Dog association and the Pe- kingese club. NEW COAT A TAX. — IS — The periodical growing of the new coat is a very heavy tax upon long-coat- ed dogs; and the quantity and texture of the coat suffer where they are stint- ed in meat foods at such times. All dogs at this period need plenty of meat, out of which to grow the new coat and to keep up the strength of the body. POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Tke Pekiftge.se AK Cvihrv alvj (Jooc|Wood| Lo The Pekingese Spaniel is one of the most interesting breeds now before the public, and is at once the most ancient and the most modern of pet dogs. On its ancient records, as conveyed to us through the centuries on Chinese bron- zes, paintings, carvings, and needle- work, there is' neither occasion nor space to dilate here, for they extend about a thousand years back, and form the pillars of Pekingese history, and we cannot compress these pillars into one column. The capital point that chiefly concerns us in the past is the unchange- ableness of the type, and this remains so firmly implanted in the breed that the same standard is maintained in the beautiful specimens belonging to Mrs. Douglas-Murray as was the pride of the Sacred City centuries ago. Ah Cum (K.C.S.B. 1896C) was pur- chased by a rare opportunity from an of- ficial attached to the Royal palace at Pekin. He was imported into England during the summer of 189 6 when under a year old; and with him came his lady, Mimosa (K.C.S.B. 1900C,) both having been obtained from the same source, and both making their first ap- pearance in the show ring at the Aqua- rium Pet Dog Show on May 3rd, 4th and 5th, 189 8, with the result of prize- winning. In the same year Ah Cum was shown at the L.K.A. Show at the Bo- tanic Gardens, and won first novice and reserve, open. In 1899 he won second open and second limit at the Aquarium POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Pet Dog Show; and at the L.K.A. Show in that year he won first open and the brace for Mrs. Douglas-Murray, also the breeders' prize. In 1900 his wins at the Botanic Gardens Show on June 2 8th were first winners and first stud dog and brace prizes, and no doubt his win- ning career would have continued bril- liantly had it not been for his pugna- cious disposition, which led him into a fight with a Fox Terrier, with the con- sequent result that he received fatal injuries. THE PEKE PITHILY PARAGRAPHED The Pekingese Spaniel is not, and never was, a "Min-Kow," meaning a dog of the people. In China his status has always been that of an associate of the high-born. The Pekingese of the past was of two varieties — the smooth-coated and the long flowing coat. Bas-relief models of the Tsang dyn- asty show remarkably developed Pekin- gese dogs — This was about A. D. 600. The sleeve dog is not the Pekingese, but some writers say is a very diminu- tive rat-like terrier. The first accredited date of the Pe- kingese appearance in England is 186 0. It was 27 years from the accredited arrival of the Pekingese in England before anything was really heard of the breed. Goodwood is the fountain head of the breed in England. The dogs that have built the history of the breed are Goodwood Lo, Good- wood Chu, Goodwood Ah-cum and Ch. Chu-Erh. The career of the Pekingese in America dates from 1903, when the late Alfred J. S. Edwards showed his first Chinese-bred importation, Rascal. The Pekingese Club of Amrica was organized in 1909. The original Goodwood Pekingese were named Guh and Meh. Ch. Goodwood Chun, the most re- markable sire of all time in Pekes was born August 6, 1901. Ch. Tsang of Downshire was first ex- hibited by Mrs. Morris Mandy at Cedar- hurst in 1905. Dr. Mary Cotton brought out Ch. Chaou Ching-erh in 1905. The first American champion of eith- er sex was Ch. Tsang of Downshire. liyrt _ . jmM$K M ilPfe ' ,; '" : ' ; ^9nK >j"?5> " ■--■■' ■ ^IHPF JS^*"^*^'* 4 £-U*«-ufc 3aid|ie WeaVer of Llehrud POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Q\. NoWata Ckvm of Egl\anr\ o s ii a A. K. C. S. B. 166,505 FEE $75.0C » ■A /HH^Hfe^';-- ■; Hi s '■■^1 aW '" ^™* Ififl s 3 * >*» ...I • / jMI- i ."t ' $***• i> S Miff agfeffiffifo -' BP? V V w^hMH ^ IP" ■a .3 ^3aMS HP at © u iX B 1 * ..•£? ' '- s saiU" I§P n H 5 . HHHMgSaljH^Hp £ £ 3 O h **T| W' W 5 "9 1 W 03 < I ^p^fe S .3^te r Ti "■ ■ -. wzi^p^^^^^ & * a OWNED BY MRS. M. E. HARBY, Huntington, L. I., N. Y. The Pekingese Standard Simplified. The Pekingese must have a broad head, flat and wide between the ears, and not at all domed or apple-headed; his eyes must be large, dark and lus- trous, very prominent and not wide apart, his muzzle short, broad and wrin- kled, and on no account pinched. Much importance is now attached to a flat face and broad, powerful under- jaw, and according to our present stand- ard the mouth should be quite level. However, as it is almost Impossible to get a strong underjaw and very short face with a perfectly level mouth, it would seem as if a slightly under-shot mouth should be allowed. The slightly undershot mouth greatly improves the foreface and finish of this dog, so long as the teeth, do not show. The nose- should be jet black and very broad "and flat. A light-colored nose carries^ a severe penalty. The ears in a good specimen are long and fully feathered and round the neck there is a bushy mane or frill. The legs, which are one of the chief characteristics of these dogs, are short and heavy, with as much bone as possi- ble; they are well bowed out at elbows, and are profusely feathered. The feet are flat and covered with long hair, which should increase their apparent length considerably. The chest should be broad and deep and the body short and heavy in front, POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. falling away in the loins like that of a lion, or in other words tapering to a decided "waist" behind the ribs. A well- feathered tail carried high and turned up over the back is a sine qua non. dant, with long thick hair, which must The coat should be long and abun- be soft to the touch, and on no account curly, but a sort of double coat like that of the Collie, i. e., a long straight outer and a thick undercoat, the hair on thighs and legs to be particularly long. The petticoats on some good specimens * measuring 6 to 8 inches in length. With regard to color all are allowa- ble, and there are a great variety of shades among the best dogs on the bench. There are reds, black and tans, biscuit, chinchilla, sable, and many' va- riously shaded particolors; but the most popular is a rich golden chestnut. Some- times the dogs are whole-colored, some- times they have white on chest or paws, and as we know, white markings are no detriment. In China the most val- ued color is a golden fawn, and clogs of that shade are called "Sun Dogs," owing to their glimmering, sunshiny ap- pearance; the nearer they approach the ^"Imperial yellow the better. In the Far East an all-white specimen would also f be thought exceedingly rare. As to markings it is desirable that in parti-colored dogs each color should be distinct and clearly defined. In the whole colored specimens a black muzzle is almost indispensable. There should be black spectacles round the eyes, also black points to the ears. The feather- ing on tail and thighs may be of a slightly lighter shade than the rest of the body. The Pekingese has a quaint, grotes- que expression, peculiar to itself, which is impossible to describe, but to a trained eye distinguishable at a glance, and counts for much in his favor. A small eye utterly spoils his expression, and should on no account be tolerated. The description given below is said to be the words of Her Imperial Majesty Tsze-Hsi, Dowager Empress of China. It has often been quoted, and being so very apropos and quaint will stand end- less repetition: "Let the Lion dog be small; let it wear the swelling cape of dignity round its neck; let it display the billowing standard of pomp above its neck. "Let its face be black; let its fore- CH. CHAOU-EHR front be shaggy; let its forehead be straight and low, like unto the brow of an Imperial harmony boxer. "Let its eyes be large and luminous; let its ears be set like the sail of a war junk; let its nose be like that of the monkey god of the Hindoos. "Let its body be shaped like that of a hunting lion spying for its prey. "Let its forelegs be bent, so that it shall not desire to travel far or leave the Imperial precincts. "Let its feet be tufted with plentiful hair, that its footfalls may be sound- less; for its standard of pomp let it rival the whick of the Thibetan yak. "Let it be lively, that it may afford entertainment by its gambols. And for its color let it be that of a lion, a gol- den sable, to be carried in the sleeve of a yellow robe, or the color of a red bear, or a black bear, or a white bear, or striped like a dragon, so that there may be dogs appropriate to every cos- tume in the imperial wardrobe. Thus shall it preserve its integrity and self- respect." POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. NoWata Ai~(J^ (Jobi^ A. K. C. S. B. 184,777 FEE $25.00 J? OWNER, MRS. F. 0. McALLISTER, Great Neck, Long Island, N. Y. THE PEKINGESE DOG IN AMERICA (Specially Written for the Blue Book of Dog- dom Handbooks of the Day.) The history of the Peking (Jog in America dates from 1900, though Mrs. J. Watts Mercur tells me of a gentle- man in Philadelphia who had a Peking dog prior to that year. Be that as it may, I know for a certainty that in 1900, Mrs. Eva B. Guyer of Philadel- uhia received a dog from China. This dog's name was Peking I and has become a part of the American Stud Book records. It is immaterial how the dog reached here, or the history of his advent. The latter part of 1900, I, with my late father, returned from Man- churia with two dogs we picked up, if I forget not, at Tientsin; both these dogs, however, died without issue. In 1902, I made the acquaintance of the late A. J. S. Edwards, and found he had a number of dogs, the producing stud be- ing a big sable by the name of Rascal, at about this time, or perhaps in 1903. Those interested in the dog, learned that Mrs. Benjamin Guinness of New York City, had acquired two specimens. From about that date, the dog began its birth. Mr. Charles G. Hopton states that in 190 4 he judged a miscellaneous class in which the winner was a Peking dog. Where the show was held, he failed to say, but I believe it was the Wissahic- kon fixture of 1904. With the coming of 1905, America received the woman, who must forever remain the Soo-Moo of the American POPULAR HAND BOOKS OP THE DAY. Pekingese Fancy. I refer to that gen- erous, gifted and unselfish fancier, Mrs. Morris Mandy. By the time of the Sum- mer shows of that year, Pekingese were beginning to he seen on the bench. Dr. Mary H. Cotton, I believe introduced her first dog — afterwards Ch. Chaou Ching-Ehr. About this time the future Ch. Tai Tai II of Mr. Edwards began its puppy career, Mrs. Guyer was show- ing Kwang Hsu, Miss Graff, Li Hung Chang and the writer, his Manchu Tao Tai. With the Cedarhurst show of the year 1905 America's first and ever immortal champion, Tsang , of Downshire made his debut, and from that moment, the bright, glorious star of the dearest of CH. CHINKY CHOG little dogs, the best, the only true Pe- kingese that ever graced the American bench, rose and for all his time, cast nothing but a glory upon the name of Downshire and upon the most lovable little dog in all the world. We can no more deny Champion Tsang, than we can Ah Cum or Chaou Ehr. Ah Cum represented the advance guard in the Occident; Chaou Ehr, the perfection of his transplanting, and Tsang, the fore- bear of the American fancy. True as stated, we had a few dogs before Tsang's advent. Of these, Mrs. Guyer's dogs did nothing on the bench or in the stud, except for her own kennels. Mr. Edwards' dogs, outside of Tai Tai II., accomplished little. My own kennels, headed by Manchu Tao Tai fared no better, and the rest of the then fancy were one and two dog affairs, consequently with the coming of th? Downshire Kennels, and the energy put forth by Mrs. Mandy, the dogs and the prefix became famous almost over night. To Mrs. Mandy goes the credit of, having made Tsang the first American Pekingese Champion, either sex, and while this little dog lived, he not only became a champion of champions, but virtually became the pillar of the Amer- ican stud book. This little dog was so very much like Ch. Chaou Ehr, that there was little or no difference be- tween them. Possibly Tsang was a trifle bit smaller, otherwise, in color, confor- mation and poise, he was almost a fac simile. At this early date of the American fancy, this dog stood out alone, he was essentially Chinese in make up, and I will be pardoned when I say my Manchu Tao Tai was the only clog at the time that could compete with Tsang's won- derful facial expression. Mrs. Guyer's Kwang-Hsu was a parti-colored, rather "sweet" dog. Mr. Edward's Tai Tai, a black, that lacked strength of facial character, also sweet. Miss Graff's Li Hung Chang, was void entirely of fa- cial makeup, and what remained amounted to nothing. Tsang of Down- shire was far above all the rest, and both he and his owner, were cordially despised by most of the disgruntled fanciers. The year 190 6 saw but a nominal addition. For the next twelve months, the fancy grew slowly. About 1910, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Goodson opened kennels at Hammonton, N. .J., and for two or three years "Ai Gee" dogs were strong factors in the growing fancy. Among the most famed dogs of Mr. and Mrs. Goodson, were Broadoak Fatima, imported from Mrs. Seely POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Clark and sold to and made a champion of record by Mrs. Paul J. Sorg, under the prefix "Nao-in Gan," and Chummie of Winkfield, a champion of record and retained by Mrs. Goodson. At about this time, Mrs. Olivia Ceder imported a splendid specimen, and later disposed of him to Mrs. Sorg. I refer to Ch. Tai Pan. These dogs, with pos- sibly one or two others, contributed to the early history of the Peking dog in the States. Between 1910 and to-day, many well known Peking kennels have obtained a foothold, and quite a number of real- ly high class dogs have been imported. Possibly the most consistent fancier is Mrs. M. E. Harby, who has brought over a number of fine dogs, but in look- ing back five years, I must choose this lady's Ch. Ta Jen of Toddington, as by far the most typical. This dog is not on the same lines as Tsang. Tsang was dainty as well as commanding. Ta Jen Cl\ir\g Foo of s. are very good indeed, although with slight defects. Sleeve dogs good all round have yet to be bred. The tiny toy Pomeranian (2y 2 -41b.) is often more perfect now than the full-sized dog, and as strong; it will be the same in time with the Pekingese, but hitherto type has been sacrificed to the craze for lessening weight. After all, lessened size, not weight, is what ought to be kept in view, if good bone is not to be discour- aged, and if size of head and shape of body (two cardinal points) are not to be lost sight of. Type, however, ought always to come first, and size a long way second. Colors vary greatly. The hue most in favor is a rich red, which, however, is usually relieved by white markings on the feet and chest. But other colors, such as fawn or biscuit color, chinchilla, sable, black, black and tan, white — with black eyes and nose, not albino — and black and white and red and white parti-colors, are all represented by note- worthy specimens of good Pekingese. In breeding, three things are impor- tant. The first and chief is pedigree. Every good dog has Goodwood blood in him. From the choice Palace dogs tak- en from the Summer Palace in 1860 all that is best in England is descended. An imported dog is hardly ever really good; gossip (perhaps malicious) explains why. In any case, the fact remains be- yond dispute that with one or two ex- ceptions the imported dog is distinctly inferior to the type of Palace dog that the best English breeders are at last building up. The second and next most important thing is mating aright. A skilled breeder can get rid of defects that an ordinary owner, perhaps, never even detects. The third thing is care in rearing. Many puppies of great promise are spoiled in bringing up; ex- ercise, e. g., is necessary, but it may straighten the legs. Watchful care and judgment as to all these three things are essential if anything like perfection is to be attained. CLARICE ASHTQN CROSS. POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAT. CANINE DISTEMPER ITS VACCINE AND SERUM THERAPY *i; (Specially Prepared for the Blue Book Canine distemper, variously termed canine influenza, contagious catarrh, catarrhal fever, kennel or bench typhus, canine strangles, snuffles, etc., is an acute infectious disease known the world over as the most fatal of all dis- eases of dogs. Distemper is caused by a specific poi- son, a micro-organism which finds its way into the system probably through the respiratory tract. "Young animals are most susceptible to the disease which is found running its course," ac- cording to the text-books, "as a catarrh- al fever, affecting at one time or another all the mucous membranes of the body, and often accompanied with certain nervous symptoms and skin eruptions." "As with measles and whooping-cough of the human race, very few of the young escape, and usually one attack confers immunity. It exists in all coun- tries and may be found at any season of the year, although the spring and summer months are the most favorable for its production in the cities." An Ancient Disease. It is uncertain just how far back in history the disease can be traced; but if it was known to the ancients, there is no doubt that Virgil, Elian and Aris- totle mentioned it under the term "cy- nanche," which appears to have oc- curred as an epizootic during or just before their time. Laosson claims that the canine epizootic which raged in Bo- hemia during the year 1028 was true distemper, and, if so, this is the first authentic description of the disease we have. It was observed, according to Stegmann, in 16 97, in Germany; and Ulloa, in his "Historical Travels in America," mentions observing an erup- of Dogdom Handbooks of the Day.) tive disease of dogs in South America in 1725. Heusinger claims that it was brought from Peru into Europe soon after the discovery of the New World, while others aver that it was imported to Europe from America about the mid- dle of the eighteenth century, first being carried to Spain, from whence it spread into France, Germany and other coun- tries. The older French writers considered that the disease was brought into their country from England, whereas the English sporting writers declared that it was imported from France into Eng- land; and the latter would seem to be the true state of affairs, as De la Con- terie, in a work called "Venerie Nor- mande," published in Rouen in 1760, declared the disease raged in France for twenty years, showing that it was known to that country as far back as 1740. It was prevalent in Germany as early as 1748, in England in 1759, in Italy in 1764, and in Russia and Siberia in 1774 and 1783 respectively. In Greenland and Iceland the disease has been so dis- astrous since 1859 as to nearly decimate the species in those countries. In Si- beria and Northern Russia, at present, it is said to be an extremely important economic question, as the disease wreaks great havoc among the sledge dogs, they being practically the only means of transportation. The disease is well characterized as "the pest" or "the plague" of the canine race. Other Animals Susceptible. While the question has been debated for years as to the various animals af- fected with the malady, some believing that the dog only was susceptible, while others contended that other animals POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. CANINE DISTEMPER, (Continued) could contract the disease, it is now known that the ferret, rabbit, cat and guinea pig are naturally susceptible and that there have been a few cases where the monkey and the human subject have contracted the infection. It is also con- sidered a disease of the wolf, jackal, hyena and the other various species of wild canidae. The disease has been studied clinically and experimentally for years by a host of experimenters for the purpose of de- termining the cause and, if possible, of producing a cure, or at least a prevent- ive against its ravages. It was not, how- ever, until the past four or five years that this was accomplished. Chill, catching cold, imperfect nutrition, in- creased susceptibility from one cause or another, and inanition due to lack of sodium salts in the food, were some of the most prominent conditions given by the best of observers as the cause, while others believed, on account of the pe- culiar pustular eruption found at times on the skin, that it could be compared to cowpox and smallpox. Vaccinating, however, with heifer lymph, as with smallpox and cowpox, was attended with no success. The contagious or infectious nature of the disease was early recognized, for soon after the middle of the eighteenth century, not long after its introduction into Europe, D'Youville caused the rooms and stables, where the sick dogs had been housed, to be cleansed and dis- infected as thoroughly as possible, so that the disease would not be conveyed to other dogs. Early Descriptive Article. One of the first intelligent articles, of any length, on the subject, was written in 1809 by Jenner, the discoverer of smallpox vaccine for the human subject, who, while recognizing the true infec- tious nature of the disease, was the first to differentiate between distemper and rabies. This practically marked the be- ginning of the study of canine distem- per, although the experimental work, from a bacteriological standpoint, dates from 1875, when Semmer published an article describing an exceedingly small micro-organism found in the blood of affected dogs a few hours after death. Following the work of Semmer, many investigators described a large number of different micro-organisms as the cause of the disease, but none of them were able to prove conclusively the re- lationship of their organisms to the dis- ease until 1910. At that time Dr. Ferry of the research staff of Parke, Davis & Co., published his findings, which were to the effect that he had discovered a minute micro-organism in the discharg- es, in the blood and the organs of dogs suffering from typical distemper, and, at the same time, proved that he could produce the disease in young healthy dogs by experimentally inoculating them with the micro-organism he had discovered. This marked another epoch in the history of the disease, and it also paved the way for the introduction of the specific vaccine therapy and serum ANTIDISTEMPER SERUM A serum used in the treatment of dogs that have been exposed to infection or which may have the disease in the incubation form. CANINE DISTEMPER. VACCINE Will protect your dogs against infection and will cure them if they become infected, provided that it is administered early enough. If exhibiting at bench shows, always insure against disease by consulting your veterinarian and having him administer pre- ventatve treatment at least two weeks prior to shipment. PARKE, DAVIS (Si COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN. POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. CANINE DISTEMPER, (Continued) therapy which was to follow. The re- sults of Ferry's experiments have been corroborated by a large number of ob- servers, so that, at the present time, they' are considered established facts. s Ferry's Vaccine. Following the footsteps of those who have produced vaccines for protection against typhoid fever in the human subject, and anthrax, blackleg and other diseases of the animal, Ferry has pro- duced a vaccine for protection against distemper, which has proved itself of great value to dog owners and those in- terested in canine hospitals and board- RODNEI CHINKY CHOG ing kennels. Ferry has also produced a vaccine and a serum for curative pur- poses, where the disease has already gained a foothold, but he advises that the best procedure is to use the prophy- lactic vaccine and not allow the disease to become established. There is no doubt, for the prevention and cure of acute infectious diseases of both man and animals, that our hopes lie in vaccine and serum therapy, and it is also true that our energies must be bent toward a protection (prophylaxis) rather than wait for the disease to de- velop and then depend upon some mir- aculous cure as a last resort. The door of the stable must be locked before the horse has a chance to escape, and not after he has gone. The watchword of the present generation of veterinarians and physicians is "prophylaxis," for it is realized that it is better to attempt to prevent than to depend upon cura- tives; and to prevent not only means raising the resistance of the animal body artificially, by means of prophylactic in- jections of vaccines and serums, but it means, also, cleanliness, disinfection, sunlight, fresh air, and plenty of the right kind of food. Artificial Immunity. Vaccine therapy has for its aim the increase of the protective substances in the blood of an animal by means of ar- tificially stimulating the formation of these protective substances as the result of introducing into the body of the ani- mal the same micro-organism that would produce the disease, only not in a live condition. In this way the animal is not infected with the disease, but is made slightly sick by the toxic sub- stances contained within the cell-walls of the micro-organisms, and the pro- tective substances that are formed to combat these toxic substances are simi- lar to those that would be produced to protect against the toxic substances as they are found in the live micro-organ- isms. These protective substances, af- ter they have been stimulated, remain in the animal body and act as a safe- guard against any future invasion of the same micro-organisms. This is what is termed artificial immunity, and, so long as these protective substances remain, which is usually at least a year, the ani- mal enjoys an immunity against that specific infection. These protective sub- stances remain longer with some ani- mals than others. The vaccines and the serum for the protection and cure of canine distemper are prepared from cultures of the spe- cific micro-organisms isolated from dogs suffering from distemper. While the vaccines and serum are put POPULAR HAND BOOKS OP THE DAY. CANINE DISTEMPER, (Continued) up in such a way as to be given to the dogs without any danger or discomfort, it is absolutely essential that the in- jections be made by a veterinarian. It is to be understood, also, that there should be an interval of at least a month between the last injection and the time CH. HI OF MINE OF ARDEN that the dog is most liable to be ex- posed to the disease. Preparing for the Shows. If it is intended to send a dog to a bench show, injections should be started about a month before the show. This is for the reason that the dog during the time it is being injected, and for a short time afterward, is considered more liable than at any other time to infec- tion on exposure to the disease, because the resistance of the body is lower than normally. All dogs should be injected at least once or twice a year for the first two or three years, and then only about once a year. All dogs that are being prepared for bench shows should be injected one month before the show, and all dogs being used for propogating purposes should be kept well immun- ized, in order to insure a protection and an immunity against infection from strange dogs which might be carriers of the virus. It is a known fact that a dog might be entirely refractory to the dis- ease, or may have recently recovered, and yet harbor the live virulent micro- organisms within its respiratory tract. Some of the finest specimens and the most innocent looking dogs may be the most dangerous companions for a sus- ceptible dog, and for that reason bench shows are unsafe places for young dogs, Another prolific cause of infection is Tin sanitary hospitals and boarding ksu- nels, as once infection gnina a footing it invariably remains a constant menace. If a dog is to be sent to a hospital or a boarding kennel, proper steps should first be taken to protect the dog by vac- cination against future infection. It should be the practice of those in charge of boarding hospitals and kennels to de- mand that all prospective boarders should be vaccinated before admission, not only as a protection to the dogs, but also to themselves. THE "BACKUS" DOG CRATES THE "CELEBRATED" — The highest class dog crate. Has solid brass fittings and all conveniences. The Dog's palace car. THE "UTILITY" This is a general utility crate that is just as strong, light and safe as the high class crate, taut not so pretentious and therefore less expensive. Circulars and Prices. A. BACKUS, Jr. country by English dogs. Fresh air is not to be dreaded, but only damp and anything likely to cause a chill. Weanol is a capital milk prepara- tion, which is as good for invalids as puppies. POPULAR HAND BOOKS OF THE DAY. Patience, tact and love for your dog will go a great ways in the care of the patient. Nursing has more to do with the re- covery of a house pet than medicine, in many cases. Distemper is not so much to be dread- ed as the complications which accom- pany it — pneumonia, jaundice, entiric, St. Vitus' dance, epilepsy. To fight off the distemper germ keep your youngster strong and healthy an