!lhi g>tate College of Agriculture m Cornell iHniberSitp idtftaca, i^. S- Xibrarp Cornell University Library LA 210.B7(i| Visit of the British educational mission 3 1924 013 013 044 Visit of the British Educational Mission i T0 the United States Octpbei^ - December 1918 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 92401 301 3044 Visit of the British Educational Mission To the United States October -December, 1918 /^N the invitation of the Council of National ^^ Defense, the British Government has sent to the United States a distinguished Mission to in- quire into the best means of procuring closer co- operation between British and American educa- tional institutions, to the end, greatly desired on both sides, of making increasingly firm the bonds of sympathy and understanding that now unite the English-speaking world. BRITISH BUREAU OF INFORMATION 511 Fifth Avenue New York City MEMBERS OF THE MISSION DR. ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Master of Christ's College and Reader in Zoology SIR HENRY MIERS Vice-Chancellor of the University of Manchester and Professor of Crystallography THE REV. EDWARD MEWBURN WALKER Fellow, Senior Tutor, and Librarian of Queen's College, Member of the Hebdomadal Council, Oxford University SIR HENRY JONES Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Glasgow DR. JOHN JOLY Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, Trinity College, Dublin MISS CAROLINE SPURGEON Professor of English Literature, Bedford College, University of London MISS ROSE SIDGWICK Lecturer on Ancient History, University of Birmingham RECEPTION COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION AT the request of the Council of National Defense, the Amer- ican Council on Education has undertaken to make all the ar- rangements for the reception of these very welcome guests, and has invited the following representative citizens to serve as an Honorary Reception Committee : Hon. ELIHU ROOT, Chairman The Secretary of War The Secretary of the Interior The Commissioner of Education The Chairman of the Committee on Engineering and Edu- cation of the Council of National Defense Hon. James M. Beck Charles A. Coffin, Esq. Judge Elbert H. Gary Hon. James W. Gerard His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons Fairfax Harrison, Esq. William Dean Howells, Esq. Hon. Charles E. Hughes Otto H. Kahn, Esq. Rt. Rev. William Lawrence Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Rev. Shailer Matthews J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq. Hon. Henry Morgenthau Judge Alton B. Parker Major George Haven Putnam John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Esq. Col. Theodore Roosevelt Charles M. Schwab, Esq. Major James Brown Scott Senator Hoke Smith Hon. William H. Taft Frank A. Vanderlip, Esq. Chaplain Henry Van Dyke Lieut. Col. William H. Welch 4 RECEPTION COMMITTEE—Continued President Edwin A. Alderman President Guy Potter Benton President William L. Bryan President Marion LeRoy Burton President Nicholas Murray Butler Dr. Wallace Buttrick Dr. Charles W. Eliot Dean Virginia C. Gildersleeve President Frank J. Goodnow President Arthur T. Hadley President John Grier Hibben President Albert Ross Hill President Harry B. Hutchins President Edmund J. James President A. Lawrence Lowell President Richard C. Maclaurin President Alexander Meiklejohn President Ellen F. Pendleton Dr. Henry S. Pritchett President Jacob Gould Schurman Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Shahan Provost Edgar F. Smith President M. Carey Thomas President Charles R. Van Hise Dr. George E. Vincent President Benjamin Ide Wheeler Dr. Robert S. Woodward President Mary E. Woolley TTie following have been designated as the Committee in Charge : President Donald J. Cowling, Chairman Professor William H. Schofield, Secretary Dean Herman V. Ames Dean James B. Angell Professor Frank Aydelotte Dr. Samuel P. Capen President Frederick C. Ferry Professor J. F. Foakes Jackson President Frank L. McVey ITINERARY The proposed itinerary of the Mission follows: October 8-14 — New York 15-17— Washington (Mt. Vernon) 18— Baltimore 19-21— Philadelphia (Bryn Mawr, Haverford) 22-23— Princeton 24— New York (Vassar) 25-26— New Haven 27— Amherst, Smith, Mt. Holyoke 28-30— Boston and Cambridge (Wellesley) 31- November 2 — Montreal (Ottawa) " 3- 5 — Toronto (Niagara Falls) " 6 — ^Ann Arbor " 7-12 — Chicago (Urbana, Evanston) 13-14— Madison " 15-17 — Minneapolis and St. Paul " 18 — Des Moines (Ames) 19-20— St. Louis " 21 — Cincinnati " 22 — Lexington, Ky. " 23 — (Louisville) 24— Nashville " 25-28 — New Orleans (Houston, Austin) 29-30— Tuskegee 31— Chapel Hill December 1 — Charlottesville " 2 — ^Washington " 4- 7 — Boston and Cambridge CONFERENCES All the Mission are invited to participate in a meeting of the National Association of State Universities in Chicago on November eleventh and twelfth, and, finally, in meetings of the Association of American Universities and the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from December fourth to eighth. MAIL Communications for or regarding the Mission may be addressed : "Care Professor W. H. Schofield, 576 Fifth Avenue, New York." BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF MEMBERS OF THE MISSION DR. ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, Sc.D., Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, is well known in the United States, in which he has on several occasions been an honoured guest. He is an honourary D.Sc. of Princeton University, Foreign Member of the American Association of Economic Entomologists and of the Helminthological Society of Washington. Dr. Shipley is a member of the Central Medical War Committee of Great Britain. He holds many offices of great responsibility, being, for example, a Trustee of the great collection of specimens illustrative of many branches of science which was made by John Hunter, purchased by the Government after his death in 1793, and presented to the Royal College of Surgeons; a Trustee of the Tancred Foundation established by Christopher Tancred (1689-1754) of Whixley Hall in the County of York, to provide Studentships in Divinity and in Physic; a Trustee of the Beit Memorial Fund for Fellowships for Medical Research; Chairman of the Council of the Marine Biological Association ; Vice-President of the Linnaean Society ; mem- ber of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service. In 1887 he was sent to the Bermudas by the Colonial Office to investigate a plant disease. He was also commissioned by the British Government to investigate grouse disease, and the volume on Grouse in Health and Disease which he published records many observations regarding the pathology of birds. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society. Dr. Shipley's writings on many branches of zoology and other subjects, historical, architectural and biographical, are too numerous for mention. They include several standard text-books of zoology. The study of parasitical animals is his especial hobby. Since the commencement of the War he has written two books of extraordinary interest and humour, on a subject which, if less skilfully handled, would be generally regarded as repulsive— lice, bugs, fleas and flies — little animals which in all former wars have contributed to the failure of armies in almost as large a measure as swords or guns. But for recent knowledge of their habits the havoc which they have worked in this war, already sufficiently serious, might have been the determining factor. "The Minor Horrors of War" and "More Minor Horrors" are books which may be read with pleasure by the least scientifically inclined of men and women. As Master of Christ's College, Dr. Shipley inhabits a "Lodge" which the Foundress the Lady Margaret, mother of Henry VH., once occupied. The Lodge, like all similar houses, had been altered to suit the taste of each succeeding age. The new Master immediately after his election devoted much money and antiquarian knowledge to its restoration to something like its original condition. Soon after the commencement of the War he turned the house into a convalescent home for wounded officers, several hundreds of whom have since lived with him. In other forms of war work he has also been very active, especially in the collection of clothes for Belgian refugees, and the maintenance and education of Serbian boys, for which the members of the University, with great generosity, made themselves responsible. SIR HENRY MIERS SIR HENRY MIERS was born in South America, where his father was an engineer (as his grandfather had been before him), but was brought to England at the age of two. One of his great-grandfathers was Francis Place, the self-educated poli- tician who was a leader in the reforms of 1824-1841. He was educated at a private school near Oxford, where among his schoolfellows were the late Lord Parker of Waddington, and George Macmillan, whose firm is well known in the United States. Thence he went with a scholarship to Eton, and was there for five years. The course at Eton was almost purely classical, but Miers did a considerable amount of science and mathematics out of hours, winning school prizes in these subjects among others. He also won the Gold Medal in Geography offered at that time by the Geographical Society for competition among public schools; among the honourably mentioned on that occasion was his schoolfellow Cecil Spring-Rice, afterwards Ambassador to the United States. Lord Curzon was also one of his exact contemporaries at Eton. In 1877 he went with a Classical Scholarship to Trinity College, Oxford, and read double (classics and mathematics) for the first degree examination, and double (mathematics and physics) for the final examination. But he left Oxford before the final examination in the Science School in order to prepare for a position which was about to be established in the Mineral Department of the British Museum. His interest in mineralogy had been stimulated at Ox- ford by Professor Story-Maskelyne, whose lectures he attended. The Professor was then a Member of Parliament, and came up from London to lecture to Miers, who was for a time his only pupil. He also worked at the subject in the long vacation at Cambridge and in other vacations at the British Museum. At the British Museum he was a first-class assistant for twelve years, and during that period published about 50 scientific papers. His teaching experience also began in London, for he was invited by Professor Armstrong to start the teaching of crystallography at the neighbouring Central Technical College (which has now been absorbed in the Imperial College of Science and Technology). This continued for about nine years, when he was succeeded by one of his first pupils, W. J. Pope, who is now Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge. One of his adventures during the period of his assistantship at the British Museum was an attempt (in 1888) to make a balloon voyage to Vienna in company with Simmons, a well-known aeronaut, and a gentleman named Field. On approaching the coast of Essex it was thought prudent to descend, as the wind was in a too- nartherly direction. The balloon, which was a very large one, was safely anchored to a tree, and the occupants of the car fell about 60 feet. Simmons was killed and Field had both legs broken. Miers, although severely bruised, sustained no permanent injury. In 1895 a letter which he wrote to Sir William Ramsey, im- mediately after the meeting of the Royal Society at which Ramsey and Rayleigh announced the discovery of argon, advising him to examine the mineral cleveite for compounds of argon, led to the unexpected discovery of helium. In the same year Miers gave some lectures for Story-Maskelyne at Oxford, and in 1896 succeeded him, on his retirement as Wayn- flete Professor of Mineralogy, becoming thereby a Fellow of Mag- dalen College, where he lived for the next twelve years. At Oxford he created a Department of Mineralogy, developed a small school of research, and published a number of papers of which the more important (mostly in conjunction with Miss 1*. Isaac) related to spontaneous crystallization. Among his other pupils were Dr. Herbert Smith, of the British Museum, Dr. H. L. Bowman, who succeeded him as Professor, Mr. T. V. Barker, now University Lecturer in Crystallography, the Earl of Berkeley and his scientific colleague, Mr. E. G. Hartley. In 1902 he published a text-book on mineralogy which has been much used in the United States. He took a considerable share in the administration of the Uni- versity, and was a member of the Hebdomadal Council and a Dele- gate of the University Press. In 1902 he succeeded the late Sir E. B. Tylor, the anthropologist, as Secretary of the University Museum, becoming thus responsible for its administration. In 1908 he became Principal of the University of London, in succession to the late Sir Arthur Riicker. During the greater part of his period of office the Royal Commission on University Educa- tion in London was taking evidence, and its report, recommending a large scheme of reconstitution, was only published in 1913. Among the many activities of the University he associated him- self especially with the Tutorial Classes for Working People, with whom his ready speech and never-failing humour made him exceed- ingly popular. His lectures at the Working Men's College, which was founded some 70 years ago by Maurice, Tom Hughes (the author of "Tom Brown's Schooldays"), Furnivall and Westlake, were events to be remembered. He also tried to gather up the scattered units of the very complicated University of London, such, for example, as the College of Household and Social Science for Women, the Officers Training Corps, and the University Club. He assisted Mr. Albert Kahn to establish his British Travelling Fellowships, and instituted a Board of Trustees, of which he be- came a member and Secretary, consisting of the Lord Chancellor, the Speaker, the Lord Chief Justice, with Lords Curzon and Milner as coopted members. Most of the American Kahn Travelling Fel- lows visited him in London at the commencement of their journey. He was mainly instrumental in bringing about the Congress of the Universities of the British Empire, which met in 1912, and was to have met again in five years. This was prevented by the War, but the Universities Bureau has come into existence as the result of the Congress and will organize the next Congress when the op- portunity arises. In 1915 it was dear that the War would prevent any immediate 10 reorganization of the University of London, and Miers therefore accepted the invitation of the University of Manchester to become its Vice-Chancellor. In Manchester he is already associated with many educational and civic activities outside the University; he ■ is Chairman of the Joint Matriculation Board, which determines the admission of students to the five Northern Universities and examines and inspects secondary schools in their areas of influence ; also of the Manchester Royal College of Music, of the Manchester Royal Institution, and of the newly formed Northern Branch of the National Library for the Blind. He has been for many years a Fellow and Governor of Eton College, and Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1896; has been President of the Mincralogical Society, and of the Geological and Educational Sec- tions of the British Association; is an Honourary Doctor of the Universities of Sheffield and Christiania; was knighted in 1912; was a member of the Treasury Committee which reported on the re- form of the Civil Service Class I examinations; and is a member of the Committee appointed by the Prime Minister to report on Adult Education. During and since college days he has devoted most of his vaca- tion to foreign travel. In 1892, while assistant at the British Mu- seum, he visited and reported on the public and private mineral collections of Norway, Sweden and Russia and part of Germany. In 1901 he joined Professor Coleman of Toronto in Canada for a journey of exploration in the Northern Rockies, but at the invita- tion of the Canadian Minister of the Interior changed his plans and visited and reported on the gold mines of Klondike, in company with Professor Coleman. He had previously visited Canada and the Pacific Coast with the British Association (spending some weeks also in the United States) in 1897; and was there again with the International Geological Congress in 1913. He visited a great part of South Africa on the invitation of the Rhodes Trustees and the Johannesburg Council of Education in 1903, and was personally concerned in the first appointments made in the Transvaal Technical Institute which afterwards became the Transvaal University College. A second visit to South Africa with the British Association took place in 1905. Many of his European journeys have been made to places which possess public or private collections of antique sculpture, in which he is interested. 11 THE REV. EDWARD MEWBURN WALKER T' ^HE REV. EDWARD MEWBURN WALKER has played a large part in the life of the University of Oxford during the past thirty years. Senior Tutor of Queen's College and a member of the Hebdomadal Council which is charged with the administrative work of the University, he illustrates in his own person the character- istic feature of the two ancient British universities— the federation of a number of autonomous colleges into a larger corporation. Each of the colleges makes its own regulations as to residence and discipline, within limits prescribed by the University. It is largely responsible for teaching and conducts its own examinations; whereas the Uni- versity alone prescribes and conducts the examinations for degrees. Mr. Walker's scholastic interests lie in the field of Ancient His- tory, and particularly Greek History, on its constitutional side. On this subject he has contributed many articles to the Encyclo- pedia Britannica and other publications and has written a book on the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, its authorship and authority. He has acted as Examiner in the Final Honours School of Literae Human- iores on nine occasions. He represented the University at the In- ternational Historical Congress held in Berlin in 1908. Mr. Walker is a clergyman of the Church of England and has been Select Preacher on several occasions to the University of Oxford. Since the commencement of the War British universities have devoted much thought to the organization of advanced study and research and, consequently, to the encouragement of the migration from other countries of students who wish to follow post-graduate courses and to qualify for the doctor's degree. In this movement Mr. Walker has taken a very active part. He is a member of the Committee of Advanced Studies, which includes scholars of eminence, such as Sir Paul Vinogradofi, Professors Firth, A. C. Clarke and Sir Gilbert Murray. He was a member of the Committee of the Hebdomadal Council which drew up the statutes for the new degree of Ph.D., and was commissioned by Council to introduce the various measures therewith connected to Congregation, the legislative body of the University. He represented Oxford at the Conference of Universities, which, in May of this year, met in London to con- sider the whole question of post-graduate study and its recognition by the conferring of degrees. 12 SIR HENRY JONES OIR HENRY JONES, the Professor of Moral Philosophy in *J Glasgow University, is, as his name implies, a Welshman. He is, in fact, one of Mr. Lloyd George's oldest personal friends, and as the Prime Minister is the greatest living representative of Welsh political life, so Sir Henry Jones is regarded in Wales as the greatest representative of literary and academic Wales. Many of his most brilliant addresses have been given and published in Welsh, and his annual visits to his native country have almost invariably been the occasion of great meetings of Welsh men and women at which Sir Henry spoke on some of the pressing problems of citizenship. Sir Henry's life story is as romantic as that of any man in these islands. Like Mr. Lloyd George, he has won his high position from very humble beginnings. His father was a cobbler in a small North Wales village, and the son was early apprenticed to his father's trade. It is still his boast that he "can make a shoe with any man in Glasgow." But the Welsh passion for learning burned in the boy's heart. Before and after his day's work he was at his books, training himself arduously to enter upon the teaching profes- sion. After several years of study he went to the Normal College in Bangor, North Wales, whence he passed out as a schoolmaster. After two years of teaching in a South Wales village — still mem- orable in the records of the township — he won a scholarship to Glasgow University, where he speedily became the foremost student in the great philosophical school of which Edward Caird was then the head. Scholarships and fellowships fell to the young Welsh- man, and after a short period of study in Germany he returned to his native country, first as a lecturer in the College at Aberyst- wyth, and then as Professor of Philosophy in the University College of North Wales. From North Wales he went to Scotland as Pro- fessor of Logic in the University of St. Andrews ; and finally, in 1894, on the election of Edward Caird to the Mastership of Balliol College, Oxford, Henry Jones entered upon the tenure of the chair of his teacher in Glasgow which he still holds. With so fine a record of struggle and success it was certain that the young professor would become a great force in the intellec- tual life of Scotland. Year after year his class-room was crowded at 8 o'clock in the morning — with 200 young men and women, the teachers and preachers of the country, all wraptly under the spell of his personality and his philosophical teaching. Humour and Celtic 13 eloquence and poetry half concealed and half revealed a profoundly serious purpose. His own intensity of conviction and utterance, and the devotion to the most arduous work which he exacted from his students, combined to give him a unique position even among the great succession of Scottish philosophical teachers. His pupils are to be found not only in the schoolhouses and manses of Scotland, but in the universities of Great Britain and of the Empire, and of the United States of America. Two, at least, of the Princeton profes- soriate were pupils of Sir Henry Jones. Sir Henry has himself lectured in several of the American uni- versities. Shortly before the War he took part in the celebration of the opening of the Rice Institute in Houston, Texas, and spoke on that occasion at many university functions in the Eastern States. He has lectured in Australia, and travelled in many parts of the British Dominions. His writings are well known in all parts of the English-speaking world. His work on Browning won early fame, and it was followed by his "Lotze," his "Idealism" and his many studies of the application of his philosophy to problems of citizen life and duty. Sir Henry's main interest all his life has been in raising the level of intelligent citizenship, and in pleading for a study of the mind of man as resolute and as sincere and as scientific as the study of the material world. As might be expected from one who has thought so long and deeply on social things. Sir Henry has thrown himself whole-heartedly into the struggle with German militarism. By pen and voice he took part in the great campaign to raise the voluntary armies of Great Britain, and his addresses in Wales — appeals not to passion or interest, but to the high ideals of citizen life — stirred that country to a great response. And, unhappily, the War has cost him much sorrow and anxiety in his family life. All his three sons went to the fighting line. The eldest — a brilliant Civil Servant in India — joined the native corps of artillery as a private, but was raised to a commission while on service in Mesopotamia. He was with Gen- eral Townshend in the ill-fated rush to Baghdad, and shared the General's fate by being captured at Kut. For over two years, now, he has been suffering great hardships in Turkey. The second son, a Captain in the Indian Medical Service, won the D. S. O. for great gallantry in Mesopotamia, and soon afterwards was invalided back to India, though he has now returned to the front. The youngest son, who had won the Military Cross with bar during his service in France, fought furiously at the head of his machine-gun 14 company to resist the German onslaught on the British lines at the Lys in April of this year. He was last seen lying wounded in Estaires when the British had to evacuate the village before the overwhelming German masses, and no more news has been heard of him since that date. Many honours have fallen to Sir Henry. He is an LL.D. of St. Andrews, a D. Litt. of the University of Wales, a Fellow of the British Academy. He served nine years as Hibbert Lecturer in Metaphysics in Manchester College, Oxford. He gave the Tennyson Centenary lecture of the British Academy, and has held many of the foundational lectureships of British universities and learned societies. He received the honour of knighthood in 1912. DR. John joly JOHN JOLY, M.A., B.A., Engineering, D.Sc, has been Pro- fessor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Dublin for the past 20 years. He was born in Ireland in 1857 and edu- cated at Trinity College, in which he held various subordinate posts before his appointment to the chair which he now occupies. For more than 30 years he has carried on research in physics, and especially in the application of physics to engineering, but his exceedingly ingenious mind has led him down many by-paths in search of the solution of problems of general interest. One of his earliest inventions was the steam calorimeter, by means of which he succeeded in determining directly the specific heats of gases at constant volume. This was a problem in experimental science which had long baffled physicists. Having invented the calor- imeter, Joly turned it to excellent account in the examination of a variety of gases over a wide range of pressure and temperature. Distinguished as a physicist, he is more widely known as a pioneer in the modern method of photography in colours. He was the first in 1897 to take successful -photographs in natural colours by the use of a minutely-subdivided screen carrying the three primary colours. On a plate exposed behind this screen he obtained, in effect, three negatives on the same plate. A transparency made from this plate, when placed in an optical lantern behind a screen similarly ruled in red, green and blue lines, displayed the objects photographed in their natural colours. This experiment led, ten years later, to the development of the well-known and very efficient Lumiere process 15 on which coloured starch grains are substituted for Joly's coloured lines. The ascent of sap in trees is another subject which has occupied his attention, in conjunction with Henry H. Dixon, the Professor of Botany of Trinity College. He offered a siniple explanation of this phenomenon. The theory then put forward attributes the as- cent of the sap to transpiration from the leaves of the tree and the tensile strength or cohesion of the fluid in its capillary tubes. Another matter of very great general interest was dealt with by Joly when he determined the age of the ocean by estimating the amount of common salt carried to it by the rivers and calculating the length of time that must have elapsed in order that the salt in sea water should have acquired its present concentration. Sections of various kinds of rock show remarkable little rainbow- coloured circles. Joly was the first to prove that these rainbow-like circles or pleo-chroic haloes occur about particles of salts of the rare metals uranium and thorium; metals which are always under- going decomposition into elements of lower atomic wreight. The haloes are due to the bombardment of the substance of the rock by the radio-active particles discharged from the heavy elements. The rate of transformation of uranium and thorium into these radio- active substances being known, it has been possible to calculate the length of time necessary for the formation of the haloes and there- fore the age of the rocks. Joly has been a pioneer in the applications of radio-activity to geological phenomena, e. g. the origin of mountain ranges. The late Professor Lowell's book on Mars led Joly to offer a relatively simple explanation of the canals of Schiaparelli. He at- tributed them to the gravitational effects of small satellites falling into the planet. Even biological problems have engaged the versatile Professor's attention. In a book entitled "The Abundance of Life" he sub- mits a dynamic basis for evolution. His interest in radio-activity led him at an early date to sug- gest the insertion of radium into cancers, and recently — in con- junction with Captain William Stevenson, R. A. M. C. he sug- gested the use of emanation needles, which he invented, for thera- peutic purposes. Joly has for many years been a keen yachtsman, and recently has devoted much time to problems connected with submarine war- fare. He has suggested many applications of modern science to 16 navigation, and especially those dependent upon the principles of synchronous signalling. In his own university Professor Joly is known as a reformer, being largely responsible for various recent changes. He became secretary to the Academic Council on the death of Professor Edward Dowden, the Shakespearean scholar. During the rebellion in 1915 he took an active part in the defense of the College. An account from his pen of this episode appeared in "Blackwood's Magazine." He is a Commissioner of Irish Lights. He is Warden of the Alexandra College for Women. For many years he has been Secretary of the Royal Dublin Society. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1910 he received from the Society a Royal Medal. In 1911 he received a Royal Medal from the Royal Dublin Society. Among his many publications are to be noted — Radio-activity and Geology, Synchronous Signalling in Navigation, The Birth-time of the World, and a vast number of contributions to various scientific journals, notably to the "Philosophical Magazine," of which he has been one of the editors for many years. [N. B. — Owing to the late date of the announcement of the ladies designated as members of the Mission, it has not been possible to procure from England adequate accounts of their careers.] MISS CAROLINE SPURGEON T\/f ISS CAROLINE SPURGEON, a daughter of the late Cap- ■*-^-"- tain Christopher Spurgeon of Twyford, Norfolk, was edu- cated at Cheltenham College, Dresden, Paris, and at King's College and University College, London (where she was Quain Essayist and Morley Medallist). In 1899 she won First Class Final English Honours at Oxford. From 1901 to 1913 she was Assistant Lec- turer or Lecturer in English at Bedford College for Women. She is now Professor of English Literature at the University of London, Head of the Department of English Literature at Bedford College, Fellow of King's College for Women, London, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Miss Spurgeon is best known in the United States as the author of a notable book "Five Hundred Years of Chaucer Criticism and Allusion," the first part of which was published by the Chaucer 17 Society in 1914. This book is based on a thesis on the same sub- ject, published in French in 1911, for which Miss Spurgeon obtained the degree of Docteur de I'Universite de Paris. Miss Spurgeon has also edited Richard Brathwait's Comments and The Castle of Otranto, besides making contributions to the Cambridge History of English Literature, the Quarterly Review, the Revue Germanique, etc. No English woman is more highly esteemed as a student of English literature. MISS ROSE SID.GWICK MISS ROSE SIDGWICK, a graduate of Somerville College Oxford, is now Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Birmingham. The Journal of Education in announcing her earlier appointment as Assistant Lecturer, in 1905-1906, remarked: "The appointment of Miss Sidgwick has perhaps a special interest, as it has not yet often happened that women have been appointed to academic posts after an open competition with men." Miss Sidg- wick will undoubtedly be greatly interested in the large part women are playing in higher education in America. 18