R-:26 LIBRARY New York State Veterinary College ITHACA, NEW YORK 21. P9 .'5-' Greathouse, Charles Howard, 1857- Historical sketch. ... U.S. Dept. of agriculture. Div.of Putlications. Bulletin no. 3,4, a. ^■ U.S. Dept. of agriculture. Div.of Agrostology. Bulletin no. 6, 7, CORNELL UNIVERSITY. THE THE GIFT OF ROSWELL P. FLOWER FOR THE USE OF THE N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE. 1897 /^ ^Z4^*^ Cornell University Library S21.P9 3- Historical sketch of the U. S. Departmen 3 1924 001 152 606 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001152606 Bui. No. 3 Div of Pub Dept ot Agr ¥ c^ / -^3 / Bulletin No. 3. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. HISTORICAL SKETCH " OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE; ITS OBJECTS AND PRESENT ORGANIZATION. COMPILED BY CHARLES H. GREATHOUSE, Division of Publications. Under direction of GEO. WM. HILL, Chief of Division of Publications. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1898. ou, nfs LETTER- OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Department op Agricultcee, Division op Publications, Washington, D. G., February 28, 1898. Dear Sir : A frequent demand for information regarding the origin and development of the Department of Agriculture led to the compila- tion of the accompanying historical sketch. The compiler, Mr. G. H. Greathouse, of this Division, was instructed to follow as closely as possible, in the selection of subjects mentioned, the annual reports of the several Commissioners and Secretaries, prominence being given to those features of the work of the several administrations which the administrators themselves seem to have regarded as specially worthy of attention. This historical sketch has been supplemented with a statement of the origin and duties of the several bureaus, divisions, aiid offices of the Department, in which the several chiefs have concurred, and by cita- tions from the several laws under which the Department has attained its present stage of development. I recommend this sketch for publication as Bulletin No. 3 of this Division. Respectfully, Geo. Wm. Hill, Chief. Hon. James Wilson, Secretary. 2 s ?^ ^e 3 - CONTENTS. Page. Early Government aid of agriculture in America 5 Washington's vie-n-sas to a Board of Agriculture 6 Reception of Washington's suggestions 6 Work of American representatives abroad 7 Agricultural Division in the Patent Office 8 First appropriation hy Congress 8 Growth of the work in the Patent Office 8 Organization and work of independent Department 9 Commissioner Newton's term of office 9 Appointment of early officials 10 Weather service and beet sugar inquiry suggested 11 Death of Commissioner Newton 11 Commissioner Capron's term 12 Experimental farm given up — Division of Botany 13 Commissioner Watts's term 13 Ne w work undertaken 14 Weather reporting transferred to the War Department 14 Commissioner Le Due's term 15 Investigation of animal diseases 15 Experiments with sorghum and other work 16 Commissioner Loring's term 16 Origin of Bureau of Animal Industry 17 Development of the work in statistics 17 Commissioner Colman's administration 18 Office of Experiment Stations 19 New divisions established 19 Scientific discoveries 20 War on contagious diseases 20 The Department raised to the first rank 20 Secretary Eusk's administration 21 First of the Farmers' Bulletins 22 Investigation of foreign markets 22 Pleuro-pneumonia eradicated 23 Inspection of American cattle in England 23 Improvements in transportation of cattle by sea 23 Texas fever 24 Establishment of the Weather Bureau 24 Experiments and improvements 24 Secretary Morton's administration 25 Development and reorganization 26 The Columbian Exposition — Discoveries and advances 27 The civil service, and savings r 28 Commencement of Secretary Wilson's administration 28 The Department buildings and grounds 28 Main Department building 28 Erection of smaller structures 29 Weather Bureau — Department grounds 29 3 4 CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Cost of the Department ; its value to the country 30 Increase in cereals 30 Other manifest gains - 31 Secretary Rusk's estimate 32 Organization and duties of bureaus, divisions, and offices 33 Weather Bvireau 33 Bureau of Animal Industry 33 Division of Gardens and Grounds 34 Division of Chemistry 34 Division of Entomology 35 Division of Statistics 35 Division of Botany 35 Division of Accounts and Disbursements 36 Division of Forestry 36 Division of Biological Survey 36 Division of Pomology 36 Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology 36 Office of Experiment Stations 37 ■ Office of Fiber Investigations 37 Division of Publications 37 Office of Road Inquiry 38 Division of Agrostology 38 Division of Soils 38 Section of Foreign Markets 38 Library 39 Museum 39 Law creating the Department of Agriculture 41 Change in rank of Department 42 Law creating the Bureau of Animal Industry 43 Transfer of Weather Bureau to the Department 45 Lands for agricultural colleges 47 Law establishing experiment stations 49 Endowment of agricultural colleges 50 Appropriations and disbursements 53-68 Index 69-74 ILLUSTRATIONS. The Department building -.... Frontispiece. Plate I. Design of Department building as proposed by Mr. Le Due 16 II. Justin S. Morrill and Wm. H. Hatch 47 Fig. 1. Henry L. Ellsworth, Commissioner of Patents 8 2. Isaac Newton, Commissioner of Agriculture 10 3. Horace C apron. Commissioner of Agriculture 12 4. Frederick Watts, Commissioner of Agriculture 14 5. Wm. G. Le Due, Commissioner of Agriculture I5 6. Geo. B. Loring, Commissioner of Agriculture ■ 17 7. Norman J. Colman, Commissioner and Secretary of Agriculture... 19 8. Jeremiah M. Rusk, Secretary of Agriculture 23 9. J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture 26 HISTORICAL SKETCH Olf THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT. EARLY GOVERNMENTAL AID OP AGRICULTURE IN AMERICA. The Department of Agriculture had its origin in the farsighted wisdom of Washington and the practical activity of Franklin. The former as President suggested the organization of a branch of the National Government to care for the interests of farmers, and the latter, when the agent of Pennsylvania in England, sent home silkworm eggs and mulberry duttings to start silk growing. When the representatives of the new United States Government went to foreign lands after the Eevolution they followed Franklin's example. The number and value of their contributions increased till Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth, of Con- necticut, in 1839, induced Congress to make a trial of a small appropria- tion for the distribution of the seeds, cuttings, etc., thus collected, and for the publication of agricultural statistics. The experiment was successful and the work of the Department has since had a steady growth. Governmental aid to agriculture, however, antedated the time of Washington and Franklin, though it was desultory and uncertain. James I, in 1622, encouraged the breeding of silk worms in Yirginia; in 1642 the general court of Massachusetts offered premiums for sheep raising, and in 1657 the Virginia legislature passed an act to stimulate the raising of hops. In 1732 a parcel of government ground in Georgia was allotted for growing mulberry trees in aid of the silk culture, and in the ten years preceding 1743 Parliament granted $600,000 to pro- mote the cultivation of indigo and other crops in Georgia. In 1748 Parliament put a premium on silk culture in the colonies, and in 1766 the South Carolina assembly voted £1,000 for the establishment of a silk filature in Charleston. In 1775 the South Carolina and Virginia legislatures were taking steps to encourage the sheep industry, but the Eevolution came on, and all special efforts in behalf of agriculture were lost sight of. 6 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. After American independence had been won aud peace was firmly established strong friendships grew up between public- spirited English- men and Americans. When the British board of agriculture was estabhshed in 1793 its chief promoter, Sir John Sinclair, had his friend and correspondent, President Washington, made an honorary member. To a suggestion that a similar board ought to form part of the Amer- ican Government Washington was favorable, but in his reply to Sir John, in a letter of July 20, 1794, showed his clear understanding of the order of growth of public institutions. He said: "It will be some time, I fear, before an agricultural society with Congressional aids will be established in this country; we must walk, as other countries have done, before we can run. Smaller societies must prepare the way for greater, but with the lights before us I hope we shall not be so slow in maturation as other nations have been." WASHINGTON'S VIEWS AS TO A BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. In order to bring the matter before the public Washington, in his last message to Congress, on December 7, 179C, made the following statement of his views: "In proportion as nations advance in popula- tion the cultivation of the soil becomes more and more an object of public patronage. Institutions grow up supported by the public purse. * * * Among the means which have been employed to this end none have been attended with greater success than the establishment of boards composed of public characters charged with collecting and diffusing information, and enabled by premiums and small pecuniary aid to encourage and assist a spirit of discovery and improvement. This species of establishment contributes doubly to the increase of im- provements, by stimulating to enterprise and experiment, and by draw- ing to a common center the results everywhere of individual skill and observation and spreading them thence over the whole nation." RECEPTION OF "WASHINGTON'S SUGGESTION. This suggestion was seconded by Ool. Timothy Pickering, Secretary of State, and was favorably received by public men generally. The response of the Senate, drawn by Senator Bead, of South Carolina, was as follows: " The necessity of accelerating the establishment of certain useful manufactures by the intervention of legislative aid and protec- tion and the encouragement due to the creation of boards (composed of intelligent individuals) to patronize the primary pursuits of society are subjects which will readily engage our most serious attention." The House of Representatives referred the subject to a committee, which reported on January 11, 1797, recommending the creation of such a society as indicated. It was to meet annually, and Congress- men, Federal judges, the Secretaries of State, War, and Kavy, and the Attorney-General were to be ex-ofllcio members. The bill was read twice and on the next Monday was taken up for consideration. But a EARLY ENCOURAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 7 discussion of direct taxes brought a conflict of opinion between city and country members; also Jefferson opposed the recommendation for a military academy, which was associated with this proposal, on the ground that it was not authorized by the specific powers delegated to Congress by the Constitution. The friends of the measure feared to allow it to come to a vote, and it was never further debated. A similar unsuccessful attempt was made In 1817. In answer to a memorial from the agricultural society of Berkley, Mass., presented on January 29, Mr. Hulbert, chairman of the special committee to which the matter was referred, reported a bill on February 21 for the estab- lishment of a board of agriculture. The bill was committed to the Committee of the Whole, but got no further. Madison's Administration closed on March 4 following, and that time was too near at hand to undertake new legislation of such importance. WORK OF AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES ABROAD. But while Congress was waiting for an opportunity for full delibera- tion on the subject, consuls and naval officers abroad were sending home seeds and cuttings for new crops and aiding in the introduction of new breeds of domestic animals. During Washington's last Admin- istration William Baton, consul at Tunis, sent to Timothy Pickering, Secretary of State, several Barbary sheep. They came by an armed vessel in the United States service, commanded by Henry Geddes. Mr. Pickering presented a pair of the sheep to the president of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, and from these the breed spread throughout Pennsylvania and adjoining States. In 1810, William Jarvis, United States consul at Lisbon, took advan- tage of the Napoleonic wars to secure thousands of Merino sheep for this country. The Spanish noblemen who owned the sheep had up to that time been slow to part with their pure-bred stock, as they had a practical monopoly of the finest grades of merino wool, but when the French armies were destroying the flocks they were glad to sell them to the Americans. Also, Chinese and French hogs were introduced early in the present century by such aid of American officials. During the Adtoinistration of President John Quincy Adams direc- tions were given to all United States consuls to forward rare plants and seeds to Washington for distribution, and the Botanical Garden was established. In 1826 Congress authorized the publication of a manual, prepared by Eichard Eush, Secretary of the Treasury, contain- ing the best practical information that could be collected on the growth and manufacture of silk. In 1828 Count Von Haggi's "Treatise on Eearing Silkworms" was printed as a Congressional document. Sev- eral valuable reports on the silk industry were also made and published about this time. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. AGRICULTURAL DIVISION OP PATENT OPPICE. Ill 1830 Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth, of Connecticut, Oommissioner of Patents, received from Government representatives abroad and from others considerable quantities of seeds and many plants, and distributed them to enterprising farmers throughout the country. This he did with- out Government authority or aid further than the use of the franks of Congressmen who were his personal friends. He also urged in his report that the Government take up the work of aiding agriculture in this and other ways. FIRST APPROPRIATION BY CONGRESS. His suggestious and arguments led to the appropriation in 1839 of $1,000 for the purpose of collecting and distributing seeds, x^rosecuting agricultural investigations, and procuring agricultural statistics. The money was to be taken from the Patent OfSce fund and the work was to be done under the Com- missioner, at that time an official of the Department of State. In his report, made in January, 1841, Commissioner Ellsworth stated that 30,000 packages of seeds had been distributed dur- ing the year and that agricul- tural statistics, as gathered in the census, were being prei^ared for jiublication. In 1842 these statistics were published, with a survey of crop conditions and prospects. Progress in agricul- tural science was reviewed and special notice was made of the manufacture of sugar from Indian corn and the use of lard oil in place of whale oil for lighting. A firm, it was stated, was seeking to make a contract to supply the light-houses on the Great Lakes with maize oil. GROWTH OF THE WORK IN THE PATENT OFFICE. The distribution of seeds and the collection and publication of agri- cultural information continued under succeeding Commissioners of Patents. These were Edmund Burke, of ISTew Hampshire; Thomas Ewbank, of l^ew York; Silas 11. Hodges, of Virginia; Charles Mason, of Iowa; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky; William D. Bishop, of Connecti- cut; Philip F. Thomas, of Maryland; S. T. Shugert; and David P. Holloway, of Indiana. In 1849 the Department of the Interior was established, and the Patent Office, with its agricultural work, became a part of it. The collection of seeds and publication of agricultural statis- Henry L. Ellsworth, Commisiont'v of Patents. 1836-1845. ORGANIZATION OP INDEPENDENT DEPARTMENT. 9 tics and scientific articles was directly under the care of the Commis- sioner until that time. No clerk was especially assigned to the duties. In that year the name of F. G-. Skinner, who had been publisher of the American Farmer at Baltimore, appears in the Official Register as col- lector of agricultural statistics, at $1,500 a year. In 1851 it had been found advisable to secure a man of high scientific attainments, and Dr. Daniel Lee, of Georgia, was employed, at $2,000. In 1853 the salary was reduced to $1,500 again, and D. J. Browne, of New Hampshire, was employed. In 1855 Mr. Browne's salary had been made $2,000, and C. L. Alexander, at $3 a day, was assigned to the same work. In 1857 the roll stood; D. J. Browne, $2,000; T. Glover, New York, $2,000; H. C. Williams, Yirginia, $2,000 ; 0. L. Alexander, District of Columbia, $1,200; W. H. Dietz, Pennsylvania, $1,000; Thomas Donoho, District of Columbia, and Jos. Kilian and 0. Simmons, Maryland, each $3 a day. Mr. Browne was succeeded, on change of Administration in 1861, by Isaac Newton, of Pennsylvania. David P. Holloway, of Indiana, became Commissioner of Patents at that time, and in his first annual report made an earnest argument for the establishment of a separate department of the Government to deal with the interests of agriculture and productive arts. ORGANIZATION AND ■WORK OF INDEPENDENT DEPARTMENT. The subject of an independent department was immediately taken up in Congress and the necessary legislation enacted practically without opposition. The law* was approved May 15, 1862. The United States Agricultural Society, organized in 1852 and meeting in Washington annually from that time till 1860, was at all times active in urging the establishment of the department. It was largely instrumental in creat- ing the public opinion which made this practical realization of the hopes of Washington so easily possible. It is noteworthy that in this same year, June 19, 1862, was passed the first act, known as the Morrill law, for the establishment of agricultural colleges. COMMISSIONER NEWTON'S TERM. The first Commissioner of Agriculture was Hon. Isaac Newton, already mentioned as chief of the section of agriculture in the Patent OfBce. He took charge in his new capacity on July 1, 1862, when the law establishing a department went into effect. He was a native of New Jersey, but early in life settled in Pennsylvania, where he devoted himself to scientific farming. Under his new appointment he was given full control of the property of the division in the Patent Office and con- ducted his work independently of the Department of the Interior. The propagating garden at Sixth street and Missouri avenue NW., in Washington, first mentioned in the annual report of 1858, was placed under his care and a tract of 40 acres in the same city, lying between * The text of this and other laws will be found elsewhere. See pp. 41-52. 10 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Twelfth and Fourteenth streets SW., and B street S. and the canal, the samenovy forming the Department grounds, was assigned to him for an experimental farm. The organization of the new Department proceeded rather slowly at first. There was delay in the transfer of the property of the agricul- tural division from (he Patent Office. Commissioner Newton said in his first report, dated Januaiy 1, 18G3, that he was not yet formally in possession, though he had called attention to the matter in the previous July. Also on January 1, 1864, he said he had been unable to use the ground at Twelfth and B streets SW., as a farm, because it was needed by the War Department as a cattle yard for army supplies. Appointment of early officials.— In 1802 Commissioner Newton appointed William Saunders to be super- intendent of the i^ropagating garden, and Mr. Saunders aided materially with advice in organizing the departmental work. It was proposed to employ a chemist, and Mr. Saunders was asked what there was in his branch for the at- tention of such an ofiflcial. He said that in the experiments with new varieties of grapes there were analyses which could be made with profit. On August 21, 1862, C. M. Weth- erill was appointed Depart- ment chemist. He made cer- tain analyses of grapes, and also of sorghum sirup, which were given to the public in the second bulletin published by the Depart- ment. The first bulletin was a pamphlet by Mr. Saunders on the objects and aims of the Experimental Garden, with a catalogue. This work and the distribution of plants from the propagating gar- den, the collection and distribution of seeds, and the publication of agricultural statistics and other information constituted the chief activ- ities of the Department for the first six months. In 1863 Commissioner Newton appointed Lewis Bollman to be statis- tician and Townend Glover to be entomologist. He imported several hundred bushels of choice seed wheat, corn, rye, and other cereals, and several thousand dollars worth of other seeds. At the same time with these he distributed 1,500 bushels of cotton seed and a large amount of tobacco seed. An especial effort was made to stimulate the cultiva- tion of cotton in the Northern States. In all. Commissioner Newton distributed in 1863 1,200,000 packages of seed aiid 25,750 bulbs, cut- tings, and vines. The publication of monthly reports of the condition Isaac Newton, Commissioner of Agriculture. 1862-1867. COMMISSIONER NEWTON'S TERM. 11 and prospects of crops was begun. A Maine farmer wrote soon after this was well under way : " Your monthly reports give me just the infor- mation I have wanted for years. Knowing the supply and demand I am able to sell at my own price." Weather service and beet sugar inqtiiry suggested. — The study of the cli- mate and storms of this country had long been fostered by the various Departments of the Government, and by the Smithsonian Institution as well as by several individual States before the act of 1862 establish- ing the Department of Agriculture. Commissioner Kewton in his first and second annual reports dwelt on the vital importance of the weather and climate, and in his third report (1804, p. 10) said: " I would renew my suggestion of last year that if under the direc- tion of the Government the state of the weather at different points of the country could be daily communicated by telegraph, so as to be immediately spread over the whole country, very important and bene- ficial results might follow." The publication of meteorological data gathered by Smithsonian observers was continued in the monthly reports of the Department from 1863 to January,1872; but the suggestion of Commissioner ISTewton and special efforts made by many to induce the Government to estab- lish a practical service for the prediction of storms and floods, resulted in the organization of a meteorological division in the office of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, and finally, after thirty years, in the estab- lishment of the Weather Bureau as it exists to-day. In his third annual report. Commissioner Newton also called attention to the beet-sugar industry, as it had been developed in Prance, and suggested its adaptability to this country. Death of Commissioner Newton. — The following summer (1865) he got possession of the land at Twelfth and B streets SW., and started the experimental farm. His son, Isaac Newton, jr., was placed in charge of this work. Tests were made that summer of new and promising varieties of corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, rice, sorghum, peas, beans, grasses, clover, cabbage, lettuce, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, and melons. Seventy-seven varieties of potatoes were tried. A large quantity of seed was saved from the farm and distributed during the winter and spring. In July, 1866, Commissioner Newton suffered a sunstroke while in the field on the experimental farm. A large number of varieties of wheat — Tappahannock, Mediterranean, and others now in general use — were being tried. The grain had been cut and was lying on the ground when a thunder shower suddenly appeared. Commissioner Newton was in his room at the Patent Office. He hastened over to the farm, a mile away, to instruct the workmen how to save the wheat free from any injury. The sun was hot and he was wearing a high silk hat. In moving hurriedly about the grounds he became overheated. His son took him to the little office on the farm and summoned medical assist- ance. Eestoratives were applied and he partially recovered, but was never well again. He died from the effects of the injury on June 19, 1867. 12 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. During Commissioner ISTewton's time tbe foundations were laid for the Department library and museum. The first appropriation for the library was $4,000, in 1804, for the library and laboratory jointly. The Glover collection was bought for the museum iu 1867 for $10,000. After Mr. Newton's death Mr. J. E. Dodge, who liad succeeded Pro- fessor Bollman as statistician, became very prominent in Department work and so remained for twenty-five years. He edited the Annual Eeports and the Monthly Reports and wrote much of the most valuable matter that appeared in them. COMMISSIONER CAPEON'S TEEM. John W. stokes, chief clerk of the Department, was acting Commis- sioner after Mr. Newton's death till December 4, 1807, when Gen. Horace Capron, of Illinois, who was appointed on November 29, took charge. He was a native of New York, but in early life removed to Maryland where he became a farmer on an extensive scale, ap- plying scientific principles to his operations. In 1847 Ms receipts amounted to more than $36,000. In 1864 he removed to Illinois. There he continued farming, es- pecially as a breeder of Devon cattle, till the civil war broke out when he enlisted iu the army, where he rose to be a brigadier- general. After the war he re- turned to his farm, and at the death of Mr. Newton was se- lected by President Johnson to succeed him. Commissioner Capron in his first report paid much attention to steam plowing, beet-sugar making, and the problem of silk culture. He established a system of exchanges of seeds and plants with many of the Governments of Europe, Asia, and South America. He had the chemi- cal laboratory fitted up and made a large collection of native grasses, and forage and fiber idants from Colorado, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. In 1868 the Commissioner was asked by Hon. Seth Green, then fish commissioner in New York, by United States Treasurer Spinner and others to bring the possibilities of fish culture to the atten- tion of Congress. A number of articles published at this time and in the years immediately succeeding made way for the United States Fish Commission. The main building of the Department was completed and occupied during Commissioner Caprou's term. There was favorable comment upon the fact that the cost was kept within the amount appropriated. HoKACB Capron, Commissioner of Agriculture. 1867-1871. COMMISSIONER CAPRON's TERM. 13 This was the first instance of the kind in case of so important a work. An investigation of Texas cattle fever was made and Mr. Oapron recommended the establishment of a division of veterinary surgery. The propagation of cinchona plants was begun with a view to intro- duce the culture in the warmer sections of the country. Experimental Farm Given up— Division of Botany.— From the outset it it had been recognized that the experimental farm at Twelfth and B streets was too small because of the mixing of varieties of seeds when cultivated close together. Mr. Stokes, in his report accompanying General Oapron's, recommended that the farm be converted into an American arboretum. This suggestion was adopted the more readily because the new Department building was being erected on the grounds. The Division of Botany was organized in 1868. It was upon the suggestion of Prof. Joseph Henry, of the Smithsonian, who stated that considerable quantities of botanical specimens were lying at the Smith- sonian unmounted and that they could be made available to the Department of Agriculture if there were a botanist. The collection came from the Haydeu and other explorations in the West and from the Japan Expedition. It was agreed upon further conference of those interested that a herbarium should be established in charge of the Department of Agriculture. 0. 0. Parry was appointed botanist to arrange and care for the specimens and to do other work in that line as it should arise. The high standing of the Department before the world, as well as the leading position already attained by American agriculture, is indi- cated by the selection of the second Commissioner to direct the inau- guration of improved methods of farming in Japan. That people was then at the threshhold of the development which has placed it among the great nations. A commission had been appointed by their Govern- ment to develop agriculture, and they chose General Gapron as chief adviser. He resigned the commissionership on June 27, 1871. COMMISSIONER "WATTS'S TERM. Judge l^rederick Watts, of Carlisle, Pa., was appointed by President Grant to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Commissioner Capron. He had been on the bench in the ninth Pennsylvania dis- trict before the war, but in 1858 abandoned the law for farming. He was a native of Carlisle, and a graduate of Dickinson College. He was the first president of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society, and for twenty-seven years was president of the Cumberland Valley Eail- road Company. Commissioner Watts found in operation the Divisions of Chemistry, Garden and Grounds, Entomology, Statistics, and Botany. This brief roster affords an interesting comparison with that which represents 14 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. the Departmeut organization at the beginning of Secretary Wilson's term, page 33 of this publication. In bis first report tbe Commissioner recommended that the number of copies of the annual report for gratuitous distribution be greatly reduced, and that the remainder be deposited with the Public Printer for sale at tbe cost of printing and postage. The cultivation of ramie on an extensive scale had been undertaken in the South, and Commissioner Watts urged that planters should push this industry together with the raising of jute. New work undertaken.-The Division of Microscopy was established in 1871 by the appointment of Thomas Taylor, Microscopist. Early among his services was an investigation of the cranberry rot in Kew Jersey. He also soon made a study of mushrooms, and suggested the cultivation of them as a profitable business. Other subjects investigated by him were mil- jj^ dews on grapes, yellows in peaches, and black knot on plums. Commissioner Watts was the first to give much attention to timber interests. He had sec- tions of the most valuable trees of the country on exhibition at the Centennial Exposition, and in 1877 secured an appropriation for a forestry investigation. Mr. Franklin B. Hough, of Pennsyl- vania, was appointed special agent in charge of the work. This was a beginning of the For- estry Division which was fully organized several years later. The Centennial Exposition brought large donations from foreign governments for the museum, so that the space allotted to it had to be nearly doubled. Contributions were received from Great Britain, Aus- tralia, Japan, Egypt, Norway and Sweden, the !N"etherlands, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. Large additions were also made about this time to the herbarium. Charles Eichards Dodge, then assistant entomologist, estimated that the museum collections were worth $100,000. Models of fruits and water-color drawings formed an iater- esting part of the display. "Weather reporting transferred to the "War Department. — Commissioner Watts objected to the publication in the monthly reports of the meteor- ological summary and notes furnished by the Smithsonian observers without analysis and explanation, and suggested that the work be turned over to the Signal Service of the Army, In response Congress made an appropriation with which the War Department was directed rREDEEiCK Watts, Commiaaioner of Agriculture. 1871-1877. TERMS OF COMMISSIONERS WATTS AND LE DUG. 15 to collect and publish meteorological information for the benefit of agri- culture. The Division of Statistics at this time had about 3,000 voluntary cor- respondents. Commissioner Watts in his report for 1876 called atten- tion to the fact that the appropriation for this division had been cut from $15,000 to $10,000, declaring that the work had been thereby greatly crippled. The appropriation was restored to the usual amount the following year. Commissioner Watts complained of delay in the publication of his annual report. He was also hampered by the aboli- tion of the franking privilege for the distribution of the report. The ravages of the grasshoi^pers in the West began about this time and the Department sent out $30,000 worth of seeds to the devastated districts. This was under a special appropriation. COMMISSIONER LE DUC'S TEEM. Hon. Wm. G. Le Due, now of Hastings, Minn., was appointed Com- missioner of Agriculture by President Hayes, and assumed control on July 1, 1877. He took strong ground against the indiscrimi- nate distribution of common seeds. In his first annual report he cited the sections of the Ee- vised Statutes bearing upon the subject, and pointed out initalics that the distribution "shall be confined to such seeds as are rare and uncommon to tlie country." It was plain, he urged, that the law did not contemplate the send- ing out of such seed as may be bought of seedsmen generally. He made a comparison of the small appropriations for the De- partment with the sums given other branches of the Govern- ment and asked for more liberal treatment. He also pointed out the need of a general index for the annual reports of the Department. Such an index, completing earlier indexes, was prepared last year in the Division of Publications by George F. Thompson. Investigation of animal diseases.— Under a special appropriation of $10,000 in 1878 Commissioner Le Due directed an investigation of diseases among hogs and other domestic animals, and in his annual report called attention at length to pleuro-pneumonia among cattle, which had already secured a wide foothold in this country. The inquiry into animal diseases was kept up during his term with increas- ing energy. A careful study was made of glanders and farcy. At the same time an investigation of the history and habits of insects impor- tant in agriculture was maintained under a special appropriation of $10,000, renewed by succeeding Congresses. •p Wm. G. Le Due, CommissioDer of Agriculture. 1877-1881. 16 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. An international exposition at Paris took place at this time, and the Department received $15,000 with which to make its exhibit. Pro- fessor McMurtrie, the Department chemist, was placed in charge. A creditable showing was made, though, as Commissioner Le Due stated, the money was available too late to secure the best results. Experiments with sorghum, and other work.— The production of sugar, both from sorghum and from beets, received much attention, and under a special appropriation for machinery, etc., considerable experiments with sorghum were conducted at Washington. Commissioner Le Due was unable to obtain there a supply of properly grown canes, and asked for the purchase of 1,000 acres of ground in the vicinity upon which the Department might grow its own material for the experiments, and conduct an experimental farm. He also wished that auxiliary experi- mental farms should be established in each of the States. Irrigation, which had received some attention in the report of 1874, was beginning to enlist much interest, and $20,000 was appropriated by Congress in 1880 for experiments with artesian wells. Commissioner Le Due got an appropriation of $15,000 for investiga- tion of tea culture, and leased a farm in South Carolina for the purpose of experimenting, and to propagate plants for general distribution. He believed that a few years would develop a large industry of tea grow- ing in the Southern States. In spite of his opposition to the distribution of common seeds, Mr. Le Due sent out, in 1877, 2,333,474 packages, of which 943,530 went to the district ravaged by grasshoppers. He also distributed 156,862 plants, cuttings, etc., from the propagating gardens, of which 70,000 were tea plants, 3,000 olives, 1,000 coflfee, and 500 date palms. Commissioner Le Due recommended the erection of a larger Depart- ment building on the same site. The plans approved by him were for a structure in the form of a hollow rectangular parallelogram 500 feet by 1,000 feet, with an enclosed court for a display of agricultural imple- ments. The view of the front of the proposed building here (Plate I) presented was published in the report of 1880. COMMISSIONER LORING'S TERM. Dr. George B. Loring, of Massachusetts, was appointed Commis- sioner of Agriculture by President Garfield, and took charge on July 1, 1881 . He was educated as a physician, but was postmaster at Salem, Mass , for four years ending in 1857, and from that time devoted his time to scientific farming and politics. He was president of the Few England Agricultural Society for twenty- seven years prior to his death in 1891. In his first report he stated the work of the Department as he found it as follows: Investigations of tea planting, of sugar making from sorghum, of vegetable and animal fibers, of economic insects, of irriga- tion by the use of artesian wells, of diseases of domestic animals, and of the agricultural condition of the Pacific Coast, Bui, No. 3, Div ol Pub., Dept, o< Agr Plate I. 03 COMMISSIONER LOEING'S TERM. 17 The tea farm, as sbown in a report by Mr. Saunders, the Horticul- turist, gave little promise, and Commissioner Loring cut down the outlay in that direction as much as jiracticable under the lease already made. The attempt to sink an artesian well at Fort Lyon, Colorado, undertaken under Commissioner Le Due, was abandoned. Two other wells were started on i-ailroad lines in the plains east of Denver. The sorghum experiments were brought to a close with disappointing results as to the production of sugar. A report was secured from the National Academy of Science on the history of sorghum experiments for twenty- live years. Experiments with sorghum sirup were continued by the chemist. The distribution of sugar-beet seed on a large scale was begun and the Division of Chemistry began a series of analyses to determine the possibilities of producing sugar from beets. Origin of Bureau of Animal Industry.— Commissioner Loring gave espe- cial attention to the diseases of domestic animals, and the appro- priation for investigations in that line was more than doubled. A veterinary experiment station was established at Washington under D. E. Salmon. Inquiries were carried on in Maine, Con- necticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir- ginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, and Texas. The study of inoculation, which resulted in the discovery and use of maUein and other forms of vaccine made and distributed by the Department was sug- gested in the report for 1883. The control of quarantiue against dis- eased animals was transferred to the Commissioner from the Treasury Department. In 1884 the Bureau of Animal Industry was established by act of Congress with $150,000 to prosecute the crusade against pleuro-pneumonia and other diseases. The problem of silk culture was taken up anew with an appropria- tion of $15,000 in 1884. A special agent was appointed to conduct experiments under the direction of the entomologist. The United States Entomological Commission was transferred to the Department of Agriculture from the Interior in 1881 and continued its reports on injurious insects. Development of the work in statistics.-The Division of Statistics was reorganized, with a view to a more complete and perfect system of crop reporting. The appropriation was raised in 1882 to $80,000. 11341— No. 3 2 Geoege B. Lohing, Commissiouer of Agriculture. 1 881-1885. 18 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. "The desigu is," wrote Dr. Loring in Ills report, "by establishing a permanent system of efficient and prompt collection of cuirent statis- tics to be able to present instantly and accurately the current changes in crop areas and conditions and in the production of breadstuff's, •taeats, industrial products, and all the results of agricultural labor." The publication of transportation rates was begun in the monthly reports by the direction of Congress, and a European agency was estab- lished for the collection of statistics showing the prospective demand for American produce, especially grain and meats. E. J. Moffat was appointed as agent at $2,500 a year. He had his office with the American consul-general in London. The Bahia seedless oranges were propagated extensively in the con- servatories at Washington at this time, and young plants were sent to California and other States. Mr. Saunders estimated that the Division of Gardens and Grounds was sending out yearly 100,000 plants of all kinds. Increasing quantities of seeds were distributed, reaching in 1883 a total of 2,467,230 packages, of which 76,232 packages were tobacco seed. COMMISSIONER COLMAN'S ADMINISTRATION. Hon. Norman J. Colman, of Missouri, was appointed Commissioner by President Cleveland and took his place on April 3, 1885. Norman J. Colman was born near Eichlield Springs, N. T., May 16, 1827. He obtained an academic education, then went to Louisville, Ky., where he taught school, attended the Louisville Law University, took the degree of bachelor of law and his license to practice, and located at New Albany, Ind., where he began the practice of his profession in partnership with M. C. Kerr (his former room and class mate), who became Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives of the United States and died while holding that office. They soon obtained a fine practice, and Mr. Colman was elected district attorney, which office he held one year, and then removed to St. Louis, Mo., continuing the practice of his profession. But having a strong love for rural pursuits, he pur- chased a country home, and began the publication of an agricultural paper under the name of Colman's Rural World. In the civil war he was a Union man, and lieutenant-colonel of the Eighty-fifth Regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia. In 1865 he was elected to the Missouri legislature. In 1868 he was nominated by his party (Democratic) for lieutenant-governor, but wifh his entire party ticket was defeated. In 1874 he was again nominated for lieutenant-governor and was elected. He was a member of the board of curators of the State University for sixteen years. He was president of the State Horticultural Society, of the State Live Stock Breeders' Association, of the State Board of Agriculture, and of many other State and National associations organ- ized to advance the interests of the farmer. In 1885, when appointed by President Cleveland to be United States Commissioner of Agriculture, he enlarged the sphere of the Department, adding several important divisions. Under his administration it became one of the Executive WORK OF COMMISSIONER AND SECRETARY COLMAN. 19 Departments of the Governmeut on February 11, 1889, aud be was appointed by the President the iirst Secretary of Agriculture. On his retirement from the office Mr. Colman received from the President of the Eepublic of France, through its minister of agriculture, the Cross of "Officier du Merite Agricole," accompanied by a gold medal and the decoration of the order. Office of Experiment Stations.— Mr. Colman took a deep interest in the plan being pushed at this time by Representative Hatch for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in all the States. He called a meeting of the leading men of the agricultural colleges and existing experiment stations, at which the need of Federal aid for experiments aud a central ofiice in the Department with advisory ,,ui4i*i« duties, wasmadeprominent. In accordance with the opinions ex- pressed at this convention the Hatch bill, which became a law in 1887, made it a part of the duty of the Commissiouer of Ag- riculture "to furnish forms for the tabulation of results of in- vestigations or experiments ; to indicate, from time to time, such lines of inquiry as to him shall seem most important; and, in general, to furnish such advice and assistance as will best pro- mote the purposes of this act.' For this purpose an office was established, known in the Department as the Office of Experiment Stations, under a chief who is styled director. The publication of a periodical, such as the present Experiment Station Eecord, was recommended. New divisions established.— The Division of Pomology and the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy were established under Commissioner Colman. The latter was in response to a demand for an investigation of the damage done to crops and fruits by birds, especially the English sparrow and bobolink, or rice bird. The section of vegetable pathology was formed in the Division of Botany. A station was established at Aurora, 111., for the study of apiculture. The irrigation inquiries were continued and a report was made on what had already been done. The study of public highways was begun. The question of reeling silk from the cocoons at a cost sufficiently low to permit competition with cheap foreign labor was taken up, and reeling rooms were established at New Orleans, La., Philadelphia, Pa., Norman J. Colman, ComiDiasioner and Secretary of Agriculture. 1885-1880. 20 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. and Piedmont, Oal. These were discontinued after a year, and the work was carried on at Washington, D. 0. Commissioner Colman, in his reports, suggested the commercial cul- tivation of medicinal and similar plants, naming rhubarb, licorice, arnica, belladonna, digitalis, poppy, ginger, cinchona, vanilla, jalap, and sarsaparilla. He called attention to the possibilities of a.griculture in Alaska, the rapid inroad upon the forests for supplying railroad ties, and the planting of trees in the plains. Scientific discoveries— The Sale of Counterfeit butter was arousing the interest of farmers, and prosecutions under the law forbidding it were in progress. Dr. Taylor, the Department microscopist, reported the dis- covery of characteristic differences between the crystals of lard, beef fat, and butter, as seen under the glass. This discovery was recog- nized in a report of the American Association of Microscopists as a valuable factor in the determination of the genuineness of butter offered for sale. The application of scientific methods to sugar making was successfully carried out, the diffusion process was tried in making sugar from cane, and a resultant increase in the yield of 40 pounds of sugar to the ton of cane was reported. ■War on contagious diseases.— The Bureau of Animal Industry lacked State cooperation in exterminating contagious diseases, because the whole burden of destroying infected animals was thrown upon the State. In 1887 legislation was secured remedying this defect in the law and appropriating $500,000 for the Bureau, with a provision that any part of the money might be used to pay for animals it was found neces- sary to kill. Good progress was at once made in stamping out plearo- pneumonia. Within the first year 35,451 herds, over 300,000 head, were inspected, and 8,139 animals were slaughtered and paid for. The total expenditures of the Bureau for 1888 were $499,975.32, against $99,985.56 in 1887. THE DEPARTMENT RAISED TO THE FIRST RANK. On February 9, 1888, the Department was raised to the first rank in the executive branch of the Government. This was largely due to the efforts of the National Grange, an organization founded in 1868 by gentlemen connected with or specially interested in the Department. At the meeting of the National Grange in Chicago, in 1876, resolu- tions were passed asking the recognition of the work as of equal importance with any branch of the service. In part these resolutions were as follows : Whereas the agricultural masses compose one-half of the population of the free States ot America upon whom ultimately rest the taxes which sustain the Govern- f^^olved, T^at American agriculturists demand that they shall be recognized as a real fac or in the Government by the establishment of a bureau of agriculture, to be presided over by a Cabinet officer, who shall organize the same upon a plan to be devised by the wisdom of Congress, which shall embrace to the fullest the agricul- tural interests of 20,000,000 of people. * • * "«=<*Sricm ADMINISTRATION OP SECRETARY BUSK. 21 The resolutions were passed on November 25 when the result of the Presidential election of that year was still in doubt. All members of the organization pledged themselves in support of the movement, irrespective of political affiliations. The work of the Department was at this time treated slightingly by many Congressmen, and was considered merely as a means to reach many constituents with small favors by the distribution of seeds and books. The clerkships and other positions in the Department were regarded as patronage to be given to political adherents, with little regard for fitness. So notorious was this condition that the Grange leaders at one time seriously discussed the propriety of asking that the Department be abolished entirely. But Commissioner Le Due, when appointed by President Hayes, took up the duties with such earnestness and vigor that the Grange rallied to his support. Congressmen were impressed with the seriousness of the work for which the Commissioner asked appropriations, and at the close of his term the supply of money was made more liberal. The demand that the head of the Department be given a place at the President's council table was pressed persistently by the National Grange, and was finally taken up by the Farmers' Congress and other influential bodies and by so many persons interested in public affairs that public opinion becaiae fixed in favor of the change, and it was made. 1 The office of Commissioner having been abolished, Mr. Colman was appointed Secretary, and held the position a little less than a month. SECRETAKY RUSK'S ADMINISTRATION. Hon. Jeremiah M. Eusk was selected by President Harrison as his Secretary of Agriculture and took control on March 7, 1889. The sketch of his life in the Congressional Directory of that year says: " General Eusk was born in Morgan County, Ohio, in 1830, He was edu- cated in the common schools of the neighborhood, which he attended winters working on the farm in summer. He continued to reside on the farm until his removal to Wisconsin in 1853, since which time — with the exception of a short time — he has been engaged in farming. He held several county offices in Wisconsin; was a member of the legislature of that State in 1862; was commissioned major of the Twenty- fifth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry in July, 1862, and was soon after pro- moted to the colonelcy. He served with General Sherman from the siege of Vicksburg till mustered out at the close of the war, and was brevetted brigadier-general for bravery at the battle of Salkehatchie. He was elected bank comptroller of the State of Wisconsin in the year 1866, and reelected in 1868 ; was elected to the Porty-second, Forty- third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, and was chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions in the Forty-third Congress. He was a member of the Eepublican Congressional Committee for several years, and was 22 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. a delegate to the jSTational Eepublican Conventioa ia 1880. He was appointed by President Garfield and confirmed by the Senate as min- ister to Paraguay and Uruguay, which appointmeat he declined, and was also tendered by President Garfield a mission to Denmark and the position of Chief of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, both of which he declined. He was elected governor of Wisconsin iu 1881, reelected in 1884, and reelected for a third term in 1886. He was appointed Secretary of Agriculture on March 4, 1889." In reorganizing the Department Secretary Eusk divided the work into two main classes: Executive, iinder the immediate charge of the Secretary; and scientific, under the Assistant Secretary, Hon. Edwin Willits, that office having been just then created. First of the Farmers' Bulletins.— Mr. Eusk urged the necessity of plac- ing the information gathered by the Department more generally in the possession of farmers and estab- lished the Division of Eecords and Editing, now the Division of Publications, under Mr. George William Hill, its present chief, to edit and supervise publica- tions and administer the priat- ing fund. He recommended the publication of the Farmers' Bul- letins, which have since become so popular. The work to be done in these he summarized as follows : Frequent publication of the results of scientific work and the circulation of the informa- tion among practical farmers, insuring its direct application to actual farming operations. He insisted that the language em- ployed in the bulletins should be intelligible to farmers generally. In addition he planned the publication by press associations, newspapers, and agricultural periodicals of advance reports of the important con- clusions reached by experiment and research. In this way he believed the great majority of the farmers of the country would be promptly reached. The demand for Farmers' Bulletins grew rapidly from the start. Several have run over 100,000 in their distribution, and some have exceeded 200,000. Investigation of foreign markets-— Mr. Eusk began the Systematic inves- tigation of foreign markets for American products, procui'ed a special appropriation for the purpose, and for some years a special agent was maintained in Europe. This gentleman, Col. Charles J. Murphy, gave particular attention to the introduction of corn meal for bread among the people of Europe and in the armies of the Continent. Jeremiah j\[. Eusk, Secretary of Agricultuie. 3889-1893. INSPECTION AND PROTECTION OP CATTLE. 23 Pleuro-pneumonia eradicated. — The Bureau of Animal Industry grew steadily. Complaints were made by foreign G-overnments tliat Ameri- can meats came very frequently from diseased animals. Eestrictions were put upon their importation and in some cases absolute prohibition was enforced. The meat was generally subjected to Government inspec- tion on its arrival in Europe, and as there was no inspection on this sii^e no reply could be made to assertions that it was diseased. Secre- tary Eusk obtained authority to make inspections and money to pay for them. Soon after this system of inspection was fully in' operation the prohibition against American pork in Germany was withdrawn. The number of animals inspected in 1892 was 5,076,929. The total expenses of the bureau were increased from $469,113.35 to $649,980.91. The bureau was reorganized at this time and its work assigned to sub- divisions as follows: Animal pathology, field investigations and mis- cellaneous work, and quarantine. The fight against infectious diseases was energetically pushed and on September 26, 1892, Secretary Eusk announced that the country was entirely free from contagious pleuro- pneumonia. Inspection of American cattle in England.— In 1890 inspection of Ameri- can cattle by American inspectors stationed in Great Britain was inaugurated. This was necessary in order to check reports of disease in cattle arriving in that country from the United States. With the aid of Minister Eobert Lincoln arrangements were made to have all cases of disease examined by American as well as English veterinarians. This led to animated discussions between the two sets of inspectors as to the nature of the malady discovered. Many cases reported by the English ofiflcials as pleuro-pneumonia were shown by the American inspectors to be only broncho-pneumonia, a noncontagious form of lung disease. In every case, moreover, by a system of tagging the cattle for identification, it was shown that the cattle so condemned had never been exposed. The condemnations soon ceased. Improvement in transportation of cattle by sea. — In 1891 Mr. Plimsoll, whose work for the English sailor had established his reputation as a philanthropist, came to this country to lecture against the inhumanities attending the transportation of American cattle to England. That such inhumanities existed was notorious, and Mr. PlimsoU's crusade was greatly encouraged from selfish and interested motives by British stockmen who believed that the effect of the agitation would be unfavor- able for the marketing of American cattle. A bill was quickly drawn at the Department after a consultation between members of Congress interested and the Department authorities. This was pushed through at the close of the session and approved on March 3, 1891. It placed the supervision of the cattle quarters of all vessels engaged in the trade under the control of the Secretary of Agriculture. So effectual did this legislation seem to be that Mr. Plimsoll was satisfied and gave up his self-imposed mission . The results have been foun d so satisfactory that insurance rates on cattle have been reduced from $8 to $1 per 24 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. head. Basing the, calculation upon average annual shipments this represents a saving every year equal to three times the cost of the Bureau of Animal Industry and almost equal to the annual expenses of the entire Department. Texas fever.— Texas fever among cattle was got under control. The disease had occasioned heavy losses and had baffled all efforts at prevention except by strict quarantine against Texas cattle at certain seasons and under certain conditions. Its appearance was attended with considerable mystery. Stockmen and veiterinarians alike had been watching it closely for more thau twenty years, and all were puzzled by some of the facts observed. The solution of the most important question in the connection is told in the report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1890, as follows : It has long been suspected, by cattle owners that the appearance of the disease in Northern cattle was in some way connected with the ticks distributed by Southern cattle. This hypothesis has, however, been generally discredited by scientific men, and indeed the evidence in favor of it was very slight and intangible. It seemed, however, worthy of investigation, and the result has been to obtain indisputable evidence that the disease is produced by ticks from Southern cattle. Ticks taken from Southern animals and placed upon pastures which could have been infected in no other way so infected these grounds that susceptible cattle placed upon them contracted the disease in the same length of time and were as seri ously affected as were other susceptible cattle placed upon pastures in company with Southern cattle. Again, young, ticks that were hatched from the eggs of large ticks picked from Southern cattle were placed upon susceptible animals and produced the disease. Establishment of the Weather Bureau. — The Weather Bureau was estab- lished as a part of the Department service in 1891 by transfer of the work from the War Department. Prof. Mark W. Harrington was appointed chief and organized the new branch in its present quarters at Twenty- fourth and M streets NW., Washington, D. C. The necessary substa- tions of the War Department Signal Service throughout the country were turned over to him. Six hundred new stations were added within a short time, bringing the total up to 1,200, and in three months the volunteer observers had increased to 2,200. Plans were made and put in execution as rapidly as possible for increasing the usefulness of the Bureau to commerce and agriculture by extending the system of frost and storm signals and otherwise reaching all classes of the people. Local forecast officials were appointed in more than twenty cities and they were directed to give out warnings for their localities based on their information as related to local conditions. The cost of the service for the first year was $861,840.83. Experiments and Improvements. — In the Fifty-flrst Congress $70,000 was appropriated for irrigation experiments in the region from Dakota to Texas along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. Hundreds of artesian wells were sunk, and the problem of the use of the underflow was considered, though not investigated, and a report on the whole subject was made in 1892. ADMINISTRATION OP SECRETARY MORTON. 25 Experiments in sugar production were continued by tbe distribution of 15,000 packages of sugar-beet seed to 8,000 farmers and by tbe exami- nation of varieties of sorghum with a view to securing that which would yield the largest amount of sugar. The experiments with beets were not successful chiefly because of a lack of care by farmers in cultiva- tion and in taking samples for analysis. The importation of parasite enemies of scale insects was begun, and the citrus-fruit groves of California were saved from threatened destruc- tion by the scale pests through the successful introduction of the lady- bird {Yedalia cardinalis). An effort was also made to introduce para- sites for the destruction of the Hessian fly. Experiments in rain making by use of explosives in the arid regions were made under a special appropriation by Congress, but were unsuc- cessful. The investigation of silk reeling was continued for a time, but in 1891 the experiments were discontinued. The industry was found hopeless except with constant aid. The destruction of live-forever as a trouble- some weed in some of the Eastern States was accomplished by means of a parasitic fungus. Valuable botanical investigations were made, and 12,000 specimens were added to the herbarium. SECRETARY MORTON'S ADMINISTRATION. Hon. J. sterling Morton became Secretary of Agriculture on March 7, 1893. The Congressional Directory issued soon after says : "Julius Sterling Morton, of Nebraska City, Nebr., Secretary of Agri- culture, was born April 27, 1832, in Jefferson County, N. Y.; is of Scotch-English origin, his ancestors coming to this country in the first vessel after the Mayflower, one of them, Nathaniel, being secretary of the colony; removed with his parents when 2 years of age to Mich- igan; was educated in the public schools of Albion, the State Uni- versity at Ann Arbor, and Union College, from which latter institution he was graduated ; was connected editorially with the Detroit Free Press and Chicago Times; located in Nebraska November 10, 1854, at Bellevue, and April 12 of the following year issued the first number of the Nebraska City News; was elected to the Territorial legislature and reelected in 1857; was appointed secretary to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Governor Thomas B. Cuming in 1858 and served till May, 1861; in 1860 was nominated for Congress and was given the certificate of election, but was unseated by contest; in 1866 was nominated for governor and was defeated by 145 votes, and has been the nominee of his party for that offlce three times since; has been tbe favorite candidate of his party several times for United States Senator; is a practical agriculturist and horticulturist, and has con- tributed largely to the best literature on those subjects; is the author of tbe Arbor Day legislation, which provides that one day in each year be made a public holiday and be devoted to tree planting, and 26 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. which has been adopted in forty-two States; was appointed Secretary of Agriculture by President Cleveland and confirmed March 6, and entered upon his duties March 7, 1893." Development and reorganization of work.— The Secretary called atten- tion in his first report to the need of a closer supervision of the State experiment stations and better control of the Federal money appro- priated for them. In response a law was passed directing an inspection of the stations and their accounts of the use of Government money. This was welcomed by most of the station authorities and was accomplished with good results. The law gave the Secretary power to prescribe the form of annual statements and directed him to ascertain whether expenditures conformed to the requirements of the law of 1887. Secretary Morton reorganized the Division of Illustrations as a sec- tion of the Division of Eecords and Editing. Subsequently tlie latter became the Division of Publica- tions, and the document and fold- .s,^ ing room was also reorganized and made a section of this divi- sion. During this administra- tion, also, the first special appro- priation was made for the print- ing and distribution of Farmers' Bulletins, with a provision that two thirds of the total number of these bulletins printed are to be distributed by Members of Congress. The number of publi- cations issued, which had in- creased 300 per cent during Sec- si.™?l"S:^;::ie. ^etary Eusk's administration, 1893-1897. again increased over 200 per cent under Mr. Morton, while the increase in the aggregate number of copies printed was still greater. Considerable attention was given to enlarg- ing the Department library, and the suggestion was made by Secretary Morton that the Librarian of Congress should transfer to the Depart- ment library one of the duplicate volumes furnished him under the copyright law whenever on agricultural subjects. The Division of Statistics was organized into three sections, as fol- lows: Compilation and foreign statistics; answers to Congressional inquiries and verification of agricultural statistics; records, files, and comparison of crop reports. The Division of Agrostology was formed, and consular agents through- out the world were requested to send to the Department seeds of new forage plants whenever found. The Handbook of Grasses of the United States was its first important publication. The Division of Soils was formed as part of the Weather Bureau. EXTENSIONS OF WORK OF THE TWO BUREAUS. 27 The special need for it was iu the demand for information in regard to the relation of soils to meteorological conditions. The Office of Road Inquiry was also established at this time in answer to a general demand for the study of public roads and their improvement. The development of the use of the bicycle contributed notably to this demand. The Divi- sion of Microscopy was abolished and its work distributed to the other divisions. A Dairy Division in the Bureau of Animal Industry was established on July 1, 1895, with H. B. Alvord as chief. The special agents in Europe employed under the special appropria- tion for extending the demand in foreign markets for agricultural products of the United States were withdrawn, and a new departure made by the organization of a special- section under tlie Secretary's personal direction for the collection and diffusion of information in regard to the requirements and productions of foreign countries. The irrigation inquiries were brought to a close and the office dis- continued. Columbian Exposition — Discoveries and advances. — The Columbian Exposition came just at the beginning of this administration. The preparation of the Department exhibit had been placed in the hands of Assistant Secretary Willits under Secretary Rusk, and he was subse- quently appointed by President Harrison chairman of the Government Board. He was continued in charge till the Exposition closed and the work was wound up. Of the total expenditures by the National Gov- ernment for representation at this Exposition the Department's share, as reported by Mr. Willits, was $131,707.71. The Bureau of Animal Industry devoted considerable time to the study of Texas fever, sheep scab, and tuberculosis j the protection of human life from the dangers of tuberculous diseases was undertaken actively. Inspections of beef and milk were made for this purpose, and directions for the sterilization of milk were sent out for general infor- mation. It was at this time decided that inspectors in the Bureau service must pass a civil-service examination, and must be veterinary graduates. The Weather Bureau made arrangements with the Mexican Govern- ment Observatory for exchange of data, and also established a cyclone service in the West Indies. The period covered by forecasts was con- siderably extended and large additions were made to the number and efficiency of weather observers. Under the special appropriation for the purpose, nutrition investi- gations were undertaken in connection with the Office of Experiment Stations and under the direct supervision of W. O. Atwater. Incidentally to these investigations large profits were disclosed in the baking and supply of bread. It was shown that while flour had fallen much in price bread had not changed, and for a time in many cities a reduction was secured in the price of the loaf. A valuable discovery was made in the Forestry Division; viz, that 28 HISTORICA.L SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. boxing the pine tree for turpentine does not injure the lumber. The knowledge of this fact is estimated to be worth $2,000,000 to the timber interests. During the course of the timber -test work, the longleaf pine was found to be much stronger than had been previously supposed. Civu service and savings.-Secretary Morton greatly encouraged the extension of civil-service regulations throughout the Department, and in two notable cases adopted the method of competitive examinations to fill important places which were expressly excepted. The number of persons in the classified service increased notably under him. In his last report Secretary Morton makes the following summary showing the amounts saved by him from the appropriation bills : "Thus there will have been covered back into the Treasury since March 7, 1893, two million sixty-six thousand six hundred and sixty- one dollars and nineteen cents ($2,066,661.19) out of a total amount of eleven million one hundred and seventy-nine thousand four hundred and fifty-five dollars and forty-five cents ($11,179,455.45) on hand and appropriated." Mr. Morton strongly recommended that the amount so saved be applied to the erection of a new and suitable building. Secretary Morton was strongly opposed to the distribution of seeds, and recommended that the practice be abandoned. He succeeded in changing the method of distribution, so that the packages were no I longer sent out from Washington by a force of Department employees, but from the warerooms of the seedsmen holding the contracts. , COMMENCEMENT OP SECRETARY WILSON'S ADMINISTRATION. Hon. James Wilson, of Iowa, became Secretary on March 7, 1897, by appointment from President McKinley. THE DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. With the establishment of a new department of Government in 1862 it was expected that separate ofiices would be provided, but this was not done till six years later. Eeservation 2, at Washington, D. C, a square of ground between Twelfth and Fourteenth streets SW., B street S. and the canal, containing about 40 acres, was given to Commissioner Newton as an experimental farm. The ground was broken in the first year. A supply of water was carried from the city waterworks, and considerable planting of an experimental kind was done. The main Department building.— In 1867 Congress appropriated $100,000 for the erection on the reservation of an office building foi the Department. Tlie contract was let to Francis Gibbons, jr., of Bal- timore, and on September 1, 1868, the house was ready for occupancy. About the same time houses for use in the propagation of plants for distribution were erected, along with conservatories, and a grapery for tests of foreign grapes. The total cost of these buildings was $140,000. The frontispiece of this bulletin shows the main edifice. Afterwards some additions were made, but nothing considerable was DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 29 done till after the Atlanta Exposition in 1880. The Centennial Expo sitiou at Philadelphia added a large amount of material to the Depart- ment museum, but it was thought sufficient to provide space for this by- putting up a gallery around the large room on the second floor of the main building. This was then occupied by the museum, as it is now by the library. But after the Atlanta Exposition other additions to the museum were made, and it was then found necessary to have more room. Accordingly $10,000 was appropriated in 1881 for the construction of a building for its use. The bill called it a " building for display of agri- cultural implements." It was intended by Commissioner Le Due that this should be of brick, and it was to be located some distance north of the southeast corner of the reservation. Excavations for the founda- tion were dug on this proposed site, but Mr. Le Due was succeeded by Commissioner Loring and the plans were changed. The extreme south- east corner of the grounds was chosen, and the frame structure now used as a museum and for offices for several divisions of the Department was erected. Erection of smaller structures.— Immediately after this an appropria- tion of $25,000 for a building for the storage and distribution of seeds was made, and the brick structure just southeast of the main building was put up. It was occupied by the Seed Division on the first floor and the Division of Statistics on the second; but when, under Secretary Mor- ton, the distribution of seed was taken away from Washington, the lower story of the building was given to the Divisions of Entomology and Biological Survey. In 1879 an appropriation of $1,500 was made for the building of the stable and in 1883, $2,500 for an additional green house. In 1897 provision was made for the erection of a fireproof building at a cost not to exceed $3,000. This was put up near the south entrance to the grounds at a cost of $1,650.66. It furnishes safe storage for important books and records. The majority of the other structures on the ground were built by the carpenter, Mr. Halley, from the Department contingent fund. In all not more than $210,000 appears to have been expended for the Department buildings. When the main building was erected there were four divisions of the Department work, employing, all told, 50 persons. There are now employed at and near this original structure about 550 persons. They are accommodated, as far as possible, in the Government buildings, but for those that are crowded out, private houses are rented in the resi- dence portion of the city adjacent, at an annual cost of $4,020. This represents at least $80,000, which might be economically applied to a new building. Weather Bureau-Department grounds.-The buildings for the Weather Bureau at Twen-ty-fourth and M streets NW. were purchased, along with the site, in 1891 for $112,000. Additions were made to adapt the place for its use at a cost of $38,000. The grounds contain 54,000 square feet. 30 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. The reservatioQ at Twelfth and B streets SW. continued to be used as an experimental garden till after the erection of the Department buildings. It was then agreed that for anything in the way of an experimental farm a much larger tract ought to be provided, and that Mr. Saunders, the Department horticulturist, should be directed to lay out and improve the grounds as an arboretum, to contain all the trees and shrubs which will grow without protection in this climate. They were to be grouped according to their families. The old canal was still in existence in front of the grounds and had to be filled. At the same time Mr. Saunders was converting the swampy reaches of the reserva- tion into the present handsomely rolling grounds, covered with fine trees and surmounted at the front of the building by a terrace, with a beauti- ful display of flowers. The work of filling the canal and laying out and beautifying the grounds was completed in 1871. COST OF THE DEPARTMENT; ITS VALUE TO THE COUNTRY. The Department of Agriculture up to July 1, 1897, has cost the people of the United States, all told, $26,915,988. This is much less than $500,000 a year. The question naturally presents itself: In what man- ner and to what extent has it made a return for this outlay? For in this respect does the Department of Agriculture differ from all the other departments of the Government; namely, that its services are more susceptible of being measured in actual money value. Its duties are not confined to the collection of taxes nor to police protection; it i; spreads information by which the people are better able to pay taxes and to protect their property and increase its value. About the time the work of the Department began it was necessary to import con- I : siderable quantities of agricultural products. This was partly due to bad crop seasons, but partly also to careless and ignorant methods of i? culture. Fertilizers were little known, barnyard manure was still I regarded in many places as a nuisance to be got rid of, and rotation of crops was little practiced. Planting according to the phases of the moon was still in vogue. Increase in cereals.— The production of com and wheat, shown by the census, affords some proof of the increasing effectiveness of cultivation and, by just inference, of the assistance given by the Department. In 1839 the production of corn was 23 bushels for each person in the United States; in 1859 it was 27 bushels; in 1889, 34 bushels. This does not of course show with certainty that there was a corresponding increase in the production for each acre cultivated, but a comparison of the crop of 1879 with that of 1889 justifies that inference. In 1879 there were 35 bushels of corn raised for every person in the country, in 1889 only 34 bushels, but the production per acre increased from 28.1 liushels in 1879 to 29.5 in 1889. It may be supposed that a similar Increase in product per acre would be found for the other decades if a lecord of the acreage planted had been made. VALUE OF THE WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT. 31 The comparison of the production of wheat gives a similar result. The quantity raised for each person in 1839 was 5.3 bushels; in 1890 it was 7.4, Other manifest gains.— Through its Division of Statistics the Depart- ment seeks to place in the hands of farmers such information as will enable them to estimate wisely the value of their crops and avoid deception and loss from speculative information spread abroad in the interest of buyers. Through the Bureau of Animal Industry it not only seeks to discover the causes and remedies of animal diseases, but also to maintain measures of control and prevention that will hinder the spread of contagion. Further, the diseases of plants are the sub- ject of study of one division, aud injurious insects receive the special attention of another. Also, the introduction of new and valuable eco- nomic plants has been a most important feature of Department work, and many improved varieties have resulted from its efforts. Now, while it is manifestly impossible to express the results of all this work exactly in money returns, yet it is quite possible to do so in some cases, and in others to assure ourselves that they are too far- reaching and too great to be easily made the subject of exact reckon- ing. For instance, no one can venture upon an accurate estimate of the money saved to the country by the suppression and utter eradica- tion of contagious pleuro-pneumonia by the Bureau of Animal Industry, nor of the value of the inspection of animals and meats by which Euro- pean markets are kept open to these products ; yet, as has already been stated, our actual saving, as the result of vessel inspection, is shown very closely by the reduction of the rate of insurance on export ani- mals, which averages in the aggregate over $2,100,000 yearly. In like manner the money returns of the increased yield of sugar per ton of cane, secured through the Division of Chemistry, can be shown by actual calculation, but no one can estimate the value of the introduc- tion of the beet-sugar industry and its gradual extension until the entire consumption of sugar in this country shall be met by a home supply. Still no one doubts, who knows anything about the subject, that any one of the services mentioned will return to the Government in actual money value many times over what the entire cost of the Department has been. Many instances have been supplied of carefully estimated savings effected by the remedies or prevention secured as a result of investigation by the Department both in the case of injurious insects and of plant diseases, but in the main the gains thus effected are quite beyond calculation. Wlio, for instance, can estimate the value of the rescue from annihila- tion of the California orange industry through the introduction of the Australian parasite of the scale insect which was devastating the citrus orchards in that State 1 Equally beyond accurate estimate is the value of the introduction of the Bahia or navel orange by the horticulturist of the Department, Mr. William Saunders. 32 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Specific examples of money saved through the warnings of the Weather Bureau are numerous and easily established. In 1894 the Weather Bureau, by its warnings, saved from the rocks, at the entrance of Chesapeake Bay, the ship Eappahanock, with a cargo worth over $600,000. Furthermore, it is estimated that in the fall of that year 2,305 vessels, valued at $36,283,913, but for the Weather Bureau warn- ings would have put to sea in approaching storms and heavy losses would have followed. Frequently throughout the year minor savings, through the services of this Bureau, are reported from all sections of the country, aggregat- ing a sum far in excess of its annual expenditures. The discovery by the Division of Forestry of the real value of pine- tree timber, after the trees had been boxed for turpentine, has been estimated by reliable authorities as worth not less than $2,000,000 to the Southern States. Secretary Rusk's estimate.— Instances of the money value of services actually rendered by the Department might be enumerated indefinitely. Ample and sufflcient grounds exist for the confidence that the new work undertaken from year to year will result in valuable returns in the future similar to those instanced. One-tenth has not been told, but enough has been said, without touching at all on the work of many of the divisions of the Department, to justify to the most skeptical the statement of a former Secretary, the Hon. J. M. Eusk, wlio, in his annual report for 1891, said: "In concluding the review of the work done under the several divisions of this Department since the date of my last annual report, it gives me pleasure to state, and I say this advisedly, that each one of more than a dozen divisions whose work I have reviewed has returned in actual value to the country during the past year far more than the entire annual appropriation accorded to this Department." BUREAUS, DIVISIONS, AND OFFICES. The bureaus, offices, and divisions of the Department as now organ- ized are as follows : THE WEATHER BUREAU. The Weather Bureau had its origin in the publication by the Depart- ment, beginning in 1863, of meteorological data gathered by the Smithsonian Institution, and in the recommendation by Commissioner Newton, the first Commissioner of Agriculture, that daily weather reports by telegraph, under the direction of the Grovernment, be dis tributed to the country. This service was authorized by an act of Congress of February 4, 1870, and was conducted by the Chief Signal Officer of the Army for twenty years. By the act of October 1, 1890, the Weather Bureau as such was officially recognized, and was trans- ferred to the Department of Agriculture, the general details of its organization being defined in that act. On Jaly 1, 1891, the actual transfer took place. The duties of the Weather Bureau are the forecasting of the weather, issue of storm warnings, display of weather and flood signals for the benefit of agriculture, commerce, and navigation; the gauging and reporting of rivers, the maintenance and operation of seacoast telegraph lines, and the collection and transmission of marine intelligence for the benefit of commerce and navigation; the reporting of temperature and rainfall conditions for the cotton, sugar, rice, and other interests; the display of frost and cold- wave signals; the distribution of meteorolog- ical information in the interests of agriculture and commerce, and the taking of such meteorological observations as may be necessary to establish and record the climatic conditions of the United States, or as are essential to the proper execution of the foregoing duties. The Bureau now has 150 fully equipped meteorological stations ; 253 stations specially equipped for the display of danger warnings to mari- ners; 261 stations for the taking of telegraphic reports of temperature and rainfall in the growing fields, and over 3,000 stations where volun- tary observers make records of temperature and rainfall with standard instruments. Mark W. Harrington was the first chief, and was suc- ceeded on July 1, 1895, by Willis L. Moore, the present chief. BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. The Bureau of Animal Industry, established in 1884, now comprises subdivisions as follows: Inspection division, miscellaneous division, pathological division, biochemic division, zoological laboratory, dairy 11341— ISTo. 3 3 33 34 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTURE. division, experiment station. Its duties are to make investigations as to the existence of contagious pleuropneumonia, and other dangerous communicable diseases of live stock; to make original investigations as to the nature and prevention of such diseases, and to superintend meas- ures for their extirpation; and to report on the condition and means of improving the animal industries of the country. The Bureau also has charge of the inspection of import and export animals, of the inspec- tion of vessels for the transportation of export animals, and of the Quarantine stations for imported neat cattle; supervises the interstate movement of cattle; and inspects live stock and their products slaugh- tered for food consumption. D. B. Salmon has been chief of the Bureau since its organization ; appointed May 31, 1884. DIVISION OP GARDENS AND GROUNDS. The propagating garden, started in 1858, was turned over by the Oommissioner of Patents to the Department of Agriculture shortly after the creation of the Department in May, 1862, and the Division of Gar- dens and Grounds was organized as an experimental garden by the appointment of Mr. William Saunders, of Pennsylvania, as horticultur- ist superintendent, in September, 1802. The superintendent is charged with the care of keeping the lawns and other ornamentations of the park, and with all duties connected with the introduction and propaga- tion of desirable economic plants, and their dissemination in suitable climates throughout the States. William Saunders has been superintendent since the establishment of the division, thirty-six years ago, and is the only person now con- nected with the Department who was appointed by the first Commis- sioner. After the reservation now occupied by the Department was secuied, he furnished the plans for the laying out of the grounds, and the conservatories and other buildings were erected under his direction. The present superintendent has been from the first intimately connected with the organization of the Department. For over twenty years he served as vegetable physiologist, pomologist, and adviser on all matters relating to soils and soil culture, and farms and gardens and every- thing pertaining thereto, performing duties on matters which are now conducted by divisions specially formed for the purpose. DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY. The Division of Chemistry, established in 1862, makes investigations of the methods proposed for the analysis of soils, fertilizers, and agri- cultural products and such analyses as pertain in general to the inter- ests of agriculture. It also conducts researches on all subjects in which chemistry and agriculture are conjoined. The study of the composition of human foods and their adulterations is one of the chief functions of this division. It can not undertake the analyses of articles of a mis- cellaneous nature, but ai)p]ication for such analyses should be made to the directors of agricultural experiment stations of the different States. BUREAUS, DIVISIONS, AND OFFICES. 35 The division does not make assays of ores nor analyses of minerals, except when related to general agricultural interests; nor analyses of water. The successive chiefs have been G. M. Wetherill, Henry Erni, Thomas Antisell, E. T. Brown, William McMurtrie, and Peter Collier. The present chief is H. W. Wiley, who was appointed April 9, 1883. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. The Division of Entomology, organized in 1863, conducts investiga- tions concerning injurious and beneficial insects ; disseminaties informa- tion regarding the results of these investigations and the best remedies to be used against injurious insects, by means of correspondence, cir- culars, bulletins and reports; prepares specimens for illustrative and museum purposes ; and in general acts as a bureau of information on all matters relating to economic entomology. The chiefs have been Townend Glover, C. Y. Riley, J. H. Comstock, and 0. V. Eiley. L, O. Howard is the present chief, appointed June 1, 1894. DIVISION OF STATISTICS. The Division of Statistics, established in 1863, collects information as to the condition, prospects, and harvests of the principal crops, and of the numbers and status of farm animals through a corps of county correspondents, and with the aid of a supplementary organization under the direction of State agents. It obtains similar information from Euro- pean countries monthly through the deputy consul-general at London, assisted by consular, agricultural, and commercial authorities. It records and tabulates and coordinates statistics of agricultural pro- duction, distribution, and consumption, the authorized data of govern- ments, institutes, societies, boards of trade, and individual experts; and writes, edits, and publishes a monthly bulletin for the use of editors and writers, and for the information of producers and consumers, and for their protection against combination and extortion in the handling of the products of agriculture. Former chiefs have been Lewis Bollman, J. R. Dodge, Charles Worthington, J. R. Dodge (reappointed), and Henry A. Robinson; John Hyde, the present chief, was appointed August 1, 1897. DIVISION OF BOTANY. The Division of Botany was established in March, 1869. It main- tained the United States National Herbarium until July 1, 1896, when that work was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution. The chief of the division, however, continues to have charge and the specimens are used by his assistants. The division now publishes information of the treatment of weeds, experiments with poisonous and medicinal plants, tests seeds with a view to their increased purity and commercial value, and investigates other questions of economic botany. The chiefs have been C C. Parry, and George Vasey. The present chief is Fred- erick V. Coville, appointed March 9, 1893. 36 HI8T0EICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OP ACCOUNTS AND DISBXJESEMENTS. The Division of Accounts and Disbursements, established July 1, 1880, audits and pays all accounts and adjusts claims against the Department; decides questions involving the expenditure of public funds; prepares advertisements, schedules, contracts for annual supplies, leases and agreements; issues requisitions for the purchase of supplies, requests for passenger and freight transportation ; prepares the annual estimates of appropriations, and attends to all other business relating to the finan- cial interests of the Department. B. F. Fuller, deceased, was the first chief. Frank L. Evans, the present chief, was appointed July 13, 1893. DIVISION OP POKESTKT. The Division of Forestry, organized by order of the Commissioner in 1881, and reorganized by Congress as. a division in 1886, is occupied with experiments, investigations, and reports dealing with the subject of forestry, and with the dissemination of information upon forestry matters. IST. H. Bgleston was the first chief, followed by B. E. Fernow, the present chief, who was appointed March 15, 1886. DIVISION OP BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. The Division of Biological Survey (established as the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy in 1886) studies the distribution of ani- mals aud plants, and maps the natural life zones of the country; it also investigates the economic relations of birds and mammals, and recommends measures for the preservation of beneficial and. the destruc- tion of injurious species. C. Hart Merriam has been the only chief- appointed July 1, 1886, as chief of the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy, and July 1, 1896, as chief of the Biological Survey. DIVISION OP POMOLOOY. The Division of Pomology, established in 1886, collects and distrib- utes information in regard to the fruit interests of the United States, investigates the habits and peculiar qualities of fruits, their adaptability ' to various soils and climates, and conditions of culture, and introduces new and untried fruits from foreign countries. The chiefs have been H. E. Van Deman, S. B. Heiges, with W. A . Taylor, the assistant iu charge for seven months. C B. Brackett, the present chief, was appointed August 1, 1897. DIVISION OP VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. This division was originally established in 1886 as a section of mycol- ogy in the Division of Botany under P. Lamson-Scribner; the following year it was changed to a section of vegetable pathology, and in 1891 became a separate division. In 1895 the scope of its work was enlarged aud name altered to Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. BUREAUS, DIVISIONS, AND OFFICES. 37 The division has for its object a study of normal and abnormal life processes of plants. It seeks by means of both iield and laboratory investigations in plant physiology, plant breeding and selection, and the morphology and classification of fungi, to determine the causes and methods of prevention of plant diseases, the amelioration of economic plants, and rational methods of growing commercial crops. B. T. Gal- loway, the present chief, was appointed chief of the section of vegetable pathology November 1, 1888, and August 8, 1894, was made chief of the division as it now exists. OFFICE OF EXPEEIMENT STATIONS. The OflQce of Experiment Stations, established in 1888, represents the Department in its relation to the experiment stations, which are now in operation in all the States and Territories. It seeks to promote the interests of agricultural education and investigations throughout the United States. It collects and disseminates general information regarding the colleges and stations, and publishes accounts of agri- cultural investigations at home and abroad. It also indicates lines of inquiry, aids in the conduct of cooperative experiments, reports upon the expenditures and work of the stations, and in general furnishes them with such advice and assistance as will best promote the pur- poses for which they were established. It is also charged with the investigation of the nutritive value and economy of human food. Tlie directors have been W. O. Atwater and A. W. Harris. A. C. True is the present director, appointed September 26, 1893. OFFICE OF FIBEK INVESTIGATIONS. Fiber investigations were begun in the Division of Statistics in 1889, and in 1890 the Otfice of Fiber Investigations was established. It col- lects and disseminates information regarding the cultivation of textile plants, directs experiments in the culture of new and hitherto unused plants, purchases seed and plants for limited distribution for experi- mental purposes, and investigates the merit of new machines and pro- cesses for extracting the fiber and preparing it for manufacture. Chas. Eichards Dodge has been special agent from the beginning, and his appointment as special agent in charge of the ofiace dates from January 1, 1891. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. The Division of Publications was established in 1889 as a section of theJDivision of Statistics, which had originally been charged with the work of editing the Department reports. In 1890 it was organized and separately appropriated tor as the Division of Records and Editing, becoming the Division of Publications in 1895. This division has entire supervision oi* the editing, printing, and publishing of the Department, and the distribution of all publications, being especially charged, fur- 38 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. thermore, with the preparation, publication, atid distribution of Farm- ers' Bulletins. The division issues advance notices and a monthly list of publications, and prepares for publication any information of special interest to agriculturists. George William Hill was appointed editor July 8, 1889, and has been the chief of the division since its organiza- tion; appointed July 14, 3890. OFFICE OF ROAD INQXJIET. The Office of Eoad Inquiry, established in 1893, collects information concerning the system of road management throughout the United States, conducts investigations into methods of road making, directs the building of sample roads at the agricultural colleges and experi- ment stations, and prepares publications on the subject of roads and road laws. Eoy Stone has been at the head of the office since its organization, first as special agent and engineer, and since October 3, 1893, as director. • DIVISION OF AGEOSTOLOeV. The Division of A grostology, formerly in the Division of Botany, was established as an independent division July 1, 1895^ under the present t chief F. Lamson-Scribner. It is charged with the investigations of the natural history, geographical distribution, and uses of grasses and forage plants, their adaptation to special soils and climates, the intro- duction of promising native and foreign kinds into cultivation, and the preparation of publications and correspondence relative to these plants. F. Lamson-Scribner has been in charge of the division since its organ- ization, becoming chief July 1, 1895. DIVISION OF SOILS. The Division of Soils (formerly Division of Agricultural Soils in the Weather Bureau) was established as an independent division of the Department in 1894. It has for its object the investigation of the tex- ture and other physical properties of soils and their relation to crop production. Milton Whitney, who has been in charge of the division since its organization, was appointed chief July 1, 1895. SECTION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. The Section of Foreign Markets was instituted March 20, 1894, under a clause in the act of appropriations for the Department of Agriculture setting aside $10,000 for the purpose of making "investigations con- cerning the feasibility of extending the demands of foreign markets for the agricultural products of the United States." The work of the section consists chiefly in the preparation of bulletins and circulars designed to convey information regarding such opportunities as exist for the extension of our export trade iu American farm products. BUREAUS, DIVISIONS, AND OFFICES. 39 W. B. Nassau, deceased, was the first chief. The present chief, Frank H. Hitchcock, was appointed January 9, 1897. LIBRARY. The library of the Department was first officially recognized by the appointment of J. B. Eussell as librarian in 1871. The collection of books had its origin in the transfer in 1869 of the works on agriculture from the library of the Patent OfiBce. Additions have been made from time to time by exchange and purchase. The library now contains 58,000 volumes, and is undoubtedly the best separate collection on agriculture and allied subjects in the United States— probably the best in the world. It comprises complete sets of State agricultural publications and flies of many of the agricultural journals from the beginning; a large collection of the ofScial reports on agricultural sub- jects issued by foreign governments ; important collections in botany, horticulture, forestry, zoology, nud entomology; numerous sets of scien- tific serials ; a well-selected collection of encyclopedias, atlases, and other general reference works, and a small collection of biography, history, and general literature. A quarterly list of the additions to the library is published, and several lists of books on agricultural subjects have been issued. Succeeding Mr. Eussell as librarian, Mrs. Ernestine H. Stevens served from l^ovember 1, 1877. The present librarian, William Parker Cutter, was appointed August 28, 1893. THE MUSEUM. The museum had its beginning in the old agricultural bureau of the Patent Ofiflce, the nucleus of the collection being a large series of fruit models and stuffed birds, the work of Prof. Townend Glover, of that Bureau. When the Department of Agriculture was organized, in 1862, Mr. Glover became its entomologist, and the museum was established under him in 1864 as a recognized institution. From this time forward its collections were steadily increased by donations and purchases, and when the plans were being drawn for a separate building for the Department of Agriculture, the large hall now used for the library was planned, to be devoted to museum purposes. The building was occupied about the beginning of 1868, and the museum moved from the Patent OflSce. About this time the Glover collection of fruit models, birds, and insects was purchased by a special appropriation of $10,000, the Government having had the loan of it for over ten years. Professor Glover was assisted in the museum work at the time by the assistant entomologist, Mr. Charles Eichards Dodge, who, after 1870, had practical charge of the museum until 1878. The valuable collections secured from foreign governments at the close of the Centennial Exposition necessitated the erection of galleries on either side of the museum hall, upon which the new material was arranged in 1877. After that year. Professor Glover and Mr. Dodge 40 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. having retired from the Department, the museum was placed in charge of Dr. Vasey, the botanist, who remained in charge until it was trans- ferred to the museum building, in the southeast corner of the Agri- cultural grounds, erected to make room for additions at the close of the first Atlanta Exposition. Subsequent to removal, Prof. Spencer F. Baird, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, as the lawful custo- dian of all Government collections, transferred to the If ational Museum for safe-keeping some of the more valuable exhibits in its possession. This was under the law which gives the National Museum complete control over all Government museums. The first curator of the Museum was Eobert G. Blaine. His suc- cessors have been H. E. Branham, Nathaniel Shatswell, James M. Watt, and Nathaniel Shatswell, reappointed. LEGISLATION AND EXPENSES. LA"W CREATING- THE DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. The Department of Agriculture was established by an act of Con- gress approved by President Lincoln, May 15, 1862. The full text of the act is as follows : AN ACT to establish a Bepartment of Agriculture. Be it enacted by the Senate and Souse of Bepresentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby established at the seat of the government of the United States a Department of .Agriculture, the general designs and duties of which shall be to acquire and to dlifuse among the people, of the United States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the people new and valuable seeds and plants. Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a "Commissioner of Agricul- ture," who shall be the Chief Executive officer of the Department of Agriculture, who shall hold his office by a tenure similar to that of other civil officers appointed by the President, and who shall receive for his compensation a salary of three thousand dollars per annum. Sbc. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to acquire and preserve in his Department all information concerning agriculture which he can obtain by means of books and correspondence and by prac- tical and scientific experiments (accurate records of which experiments shall be kept in his office), by the collection of statistics, and by any- other appropriate means within his power; to collect, as he may be able, new and valuable seeds and plants; to test by cultivation the value of such of them as may require such tests ; to propa- gate such as may be worthy of propagation, and to distribute them among agricul- turists. He shall annually make a general report in writing of his acts to the President and to Congress, in which he may recommend the publication of papers forming parts of or accompanying his report, which report shall also contain an account of all moneys received and expended by him. He shall also make special reports on particular subjects whenever required to do so by the President or either House of Congress, or when he shall think the subject in his charge requires it. He shall receive and have charge of all the property of the agricultural division of the Patent Office in the Department of the Interior, including the fixtures and property of the propagating garden. He shall direct and superintend the expenditure of all money appropriated by Congress to, the Department and render accounts thereof, and also of all money heretofore appropriated for agriculture and remaining unex- pended. And said Commissioner may send and receive through the mails, free of charge, all communications and other matter pertaining to the business of his Depart- ment, not exceeding in weight 32 ounces. Sec 4 And he if further enacted, That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall 41 42 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. appoint a chief clerk, with a salary of two thovisand dollars, who in all cases during the necessary absence of the Commissioner, or when the said principal office shall become vacant, shall perform the duties of Commissioner, and he shall appoint such other employees as Congress may from time to time provide, with salaries corre- sponding to the salaries of similar officers in other departments of the Government; and he shall, as Congress may from time to time provide, employ other persons, for such time as their services may be needed, including chemists, botanists, entomolo- gists, and other persons skilled in the natural sciences pertaining to agriculture. And the said Commissiomr, and every other person to be appointed in the said Department, shall, before he enters upon the duties of his office or appointment, make oath or affirmation truly and faithfully to execute the trust committed to him. And the said Commissioner and the chief clerk shall also, before entering upon their duties, severally give bonds with sureties to the Treasurer of the United States, the former in the sum of ten thousand dollars and the latter in the sum of five thousand dollars, conditional to render a true and faithful account to him or his successor in office quarter-yearly accounts of all moneys which shall be by them received by virtue of the said office, with sureties to be approved as sufficient by the Solicitor of the Treasury; which bonds shall be filed in the office of the First Comptroller of the Treasury, to be by him put in suit upon any breach of the conditions thereof. Approved May 15, 1862. ., CHANGE IN BANK OF THE BEPAKTMENT. *' The Department was made an Executive office of the first rank under the law approved by President Cleveland February 9, 1889. By that act the title of the head of the Department was changed from Oom- miisioner to Secretary, and he became a member of the President's Cabinet. AN ACT to enlarge the powers and duties of the Department of Agriculture and to create an Executive Department to be known as the Department of Agriculture. fe Be it enacted iy the Senate and Souse of Bepresentatives of the United States of America in^Congress assembled, That the Department of Agriculture be an Executive Depart- ment under the supervision and control of the Secretary of Agriculture, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and section one hundred and fifty-eight of the Revised Statutes is hereby amended ^ to include such Department, and the provisions of title four of the Revised Statutes, ' including all amendments thereto, are hereby made applicable to said Department. Sec. 2. That there shall be in said Department an Assistant Secretary of Agricul- ture, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall perform such duties as may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary. Sec. 3. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall receive the same salary as is paid to the Secretary of each of the Executive Departments and the salary of the Assist- ant Secretary of Agriculture shall be the same as that now paid to the First Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior. Sec. 4. That all laws and parts of laws relating to the Department of Agriculture now in existence, as far as the same are applicable and not in conflict with this act, and only so far, are continued in full force and effect. Approved, February 9, 1889. Several other changes have been made in the law, including an amendment which repeals the requirement that the Commissioner (Secretary) and chief clerk give bond. Keither is now charged with any government property or money. LEGISLATION REGARDING THE DEPARTMENT. 43 LAW CREATING THE BUREAU OP ANIMAL INDUSTRY. The Bureau of Animal Industry was established as an integral branch of Department activity by a law approved on May 29, 1884. The text of that law is as follows : AN ACT for the establishment of a Bureau of Animal Industry, to prevent the exportation of dis- eased cattle, and to provide means for the suppression and extirpation of pleoro-pneumonia and other oontagious diseases among domestic animnla. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Commissioner of Agriculture shall organize in his department a Bureau of Animal Industry, and shall appoint a chief thereof, who shall he a competent veterinary surgeon, and whose duty it shall he to investigate and report upon the condition of the domestic animals of the United States, their protection and use, and also inquire into and report the causes of contagious, infec- tious, and communicahle diseases among them, and the means for the prevention and cure of the same, and to collect such information on these subjects as shall be valuable to the agricultural and commercial interests of the country ; and the Com- missioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized to employ a force sufficient for this purpose, not to exceed twenty persons at any one time. The salary of the chief of said bureau shall be three thousand dollars per annum ; and the Commissioner shall appoint a clerk for said bureau, with a salary of one thousand five hundred dollars per annum. Sec. 2. That the Commissioner of Agriculture is authorized to appoint two com- petent agents, who shall be practical stock raisers or experienced business men familiar with questions pertaining to commercial transactions in live stock, whose duty it shall be, under the instructions of the Commissioner of Agriculture, to examine and report upon the best methods of treating, transporting, and caring for animals, and the means to be adopted for the suppression and extirpation of con- tagious pleuro-pneumonia, and to provide against the spread of other dangerous contagious, infectious, and communicable diseases. The compensation of said agents shall be at the rate of ten dollars per diem, with all necessary expenses, while engaged in the actual performance of their duties under this act when absent from their usual place of business or residence as such agent. Sbc. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to prepare such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary for the speedy and effectual suppression and extirpation of said diseases, and to certify such rules and regulations to the executive authority of each State and Territory, and invite said authorities to cooperate in the execution and enforcement of this act. Whenever the plans and methods of the Commissioner of Agriculture shall be accepted by any State or Terri- tory in which pleuro-pneumonia or other contagious, infectious, or communicable disease is declared to exist, or such State or Territory shall have adopted plans and methods for the suppression and extirpation of said diseases, and such plans and methods shall be accepted by the Commissioner of Agriculture, and whenever the o-overnor of a State or other properly constituted authorities signify their readiness to cooperate for the extinction of any contagious, infectious, or communicable dis- ease in conformity with the provisions of this act, the Commissioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized to expend so much of the money appropriated by this act as may be necessary in such investigations, and in such disinfection and quarantine measures as may be necessary to prevent the spread of the disease from one State or Territory into another. Sec. 4. That in order to promote the exportation of live stock from the United States the Commissioner of Agriculture shall make special investigation as to the existence of plenro-pneumouia, or any contagious, infectious, or communicable dis- ease along the dividing lines between the United States and foreigii countries, and along the lines of transportation from all parts of the United States to ports from 44 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. which live stock are exported, and make report of the results of such investigation to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall, from time to time, establish saeh regu- lations concerning the exportation and transportation of live stock as the results of said investigations may require. Sec. 5. That to prevent the exportation from any port of the United States to any port in a foreign country, of live stock affected with any contagious, infectious, or communicable disease, and especially pleuro-pneumonia, the Secretary of the Treas- ury be, and he is hereby, authorized . to take such steps and adopt such measures not inconsistent with the provisions of this act, as he may deem necessary. Sec. 6. That no railroad company within the United States, or the owners or mas- ters of any steam or sailing or other vessel or boat, shall receive for transportation or transport, from one State or Territory to another, or from any State into the Dis- trict of Columbia, or from the District into any State, any live stock affected with any contagious, infectious, or communicable disease, and especially the disease known as pleuro-pneumonia; nor shall any person, company, or corporation deliver for transportation to any railroad company, or master or owner of any boat or vessel, any live stock, knowing them to be affected with any contagious, infectious, or communicable disease ; nor shall any person, company, or corporation drive on foot or transport in private conveyance from one State or Territory to another, or from any State into the District of Columbia, or from the District into any State, any live stock, knowing them to be affected with any contagious, infectious, or communi- cable disease, and especially the disease known as pleuro-pneumonia: Provided, That the so-called splenetic or Texas fever shall not be considered a contagious, infections, or communicable disease within the meaning of sections four, iive, six and seven of this act, as to cattle being transported by rail to market for slaughter, when the same are unloaded only to be fed and watered in lots on the way thereto. K" Skc. 7. That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to notify, in writing, the proper oiScials or agents of any railroad, steamboat, or other transpor- tation company doing business in or through any infected locality, and by publica- tion in such newspapers as he may select, of the existence of said contagion; and any person or persons operating any such railroad, or master or owner of any boat or vessel, or owner or custodian of or person having control over such cattle or other live stock within such infected district, who shall knowingly violate the pro- visions of section six of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon con- viction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 8. That whenever any contagious, infectious, orcommunicable disease affecting domestic animals, and especially the disease known as pleuro-pneumonia, shall be brought into or shall break out in the District of Columbia, it shall be the duty of the Commissioners of said District to take measures to suppress the same promptly and to prevent the same from spreading; and for this purpose the said Commis- sioners ary tJie Senate and Souse of Bepresentatives of the United States of America ire Congress assemhled, That in order to aid in aoqtilring and diffusing among the people of the United States useful and practical information on subjects connected "with agriculture, and to promote scientific investigation and experiment respecting the principles and applications of agricultural science, there shall be established, under direction of the college or colleges or agricultural department of colleges in each State or Territory established, or which may hereafter be established, in accord- ance ■with the provisions of an act approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled "An act doaating public lands to the several States and Terri- tories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," or any of the supplements to said act, a department to be known and desig- nated as an "agricultural experiment station:'' Provided, That in any State or Territory in which two such colleges have been or may be so established the appro- priation hereinafter made to such State or Territory shall be equally divided between such colleges, unless the legislature of such State or Territory shall otherwise direct. Sec. 2. That it shall be the object and duty of said experiment stations to conduct original researches or verify experiments on the physiology of plants and animals; the diseases to which they are severally subj ect, with the remedies for the same ; the chemical composition of useful plants at their different stages of growth ; the com- parative advantages of rotative cropping as pursued under a varying series of crops; the capacity of new plants or trees for acclimation ; the analysis of soils and water ; the chemical composition of manures, natural or artificial, with experiments designed to test their comparative efi^ects on crops of different tinds ; the adaptation and value of grasses and forage plants ; the composition and digestibility of the different kinds of food for domestic animals; the scientific and economic questions involved in the production of butter and cheese; and such other researches or experiments bearing directly on the agricultural industry of the United States as may in each case be deemed advisable, having due regard to the varying conditions and needs of the respective States or Territories. Sec. 3. That in order to secure, as far as practicable, uniformity of methods and results'in the work of said stations, it shall be the duty of the United States Com- missioner of Agriculture to furnish forms, as far as practicable, for the tabulation of results of investigation or experiments; to indicate from time to time such lines of inquiry as to him shall seem most important ; and, in general, to furnish such advice and assistance as will best promote the purpose of this act. It shall be the duty of each of said stations annually, on or before the first day of February, to make to the governor of the State or Territory in which it is located a full and detailed report of its operations, including a statement of receipts and expenditures, a copy of which report shall be sent to each of said stations, to the said Commissioner of Agriculture, and to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. Sec. 4. That bulletins or reports of progress shall be published at said stations at least once in three months, one copy of which shall be sent to each newspaper in the States or Territories in which they are respectively located, and to such individuals actually engaged in farming as may request the same, and as far as the means of the station will permit. Such bulletins or reports and the annual reports of said stations shall be transmitted in the mails of the United States free of charge for postage under such regulations as the Postmaster-General may from time to time prescribe. Sec. 5. That for the purpose of paying the necessary expenses of conducting inves- tigations and experiments and printing and distributing the results as hereinbefore prescribed, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars per annum is hereby appropriated to. t t n At 50 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. each State, to be specially provided for by Congress in the appropiiationa from year to year, and to each Territory entitled under the provisions of section eight of this act, out of any money in the Treasury proceeding from the sales of public lands, to be paid in equal quarterly payments on the first day of January, April, July, and October in each year, to the treasurer or other officer duly appointed by the govern- ing boards of said colleges to receive the same, the first payment to be made on the first day of October, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven : Provided, however, That out of the first annual appropriation so received by any station an amount not exceeding one-fifth may be expended in the erection, enlargement, or repair of a building or buildings necessary for carrying on the work of such station ; and thereafter an amount not exceeding five per centum of such annual appropriation may be so expended. Sec. 6. That ■whenever it shall appear to the Secretary of the Treasury from the annual statement of receipts and expenditures of any of said stations that a portion of the preceding annual appropriation remains unexpended, such amount shall be deducted from the next succeeding annual appropriation to such station, in order that the amount of money appropriated to any station shall not exceed the amount . actually and necessarily required for its maintenance and support. ^ Sec. 7. That nothing in this act shall be construed to impair or modify the legal relation existing between any of the said colleges and the government of the States or Territories in which they are respectively located. Sec. 8. That in States having colleges entitled under this section to the benefits of this act and having also agricultural experiment stations established by law sepa- rate from said colleges, such States shall be authorized to apply such benefits to experiments at stations so established by such States; and in case any State shall have established under the provisions of said act of July second, aforesaid, an agri- cultural department or experimental station, in connection with any university, college, or institution not distinctively an agricultural college or school, and such State shall have established or shall hereafter establish a separate agricultural col- lege or school, which shall have connected therewith an experimental farm or station, the legislature of such State may apply in whole or In part the appropriation by this act made to such separate agricultural college or school, and no legislature shall by contract, express or implied, disable itself from so doing. Sec. 9. That the grants of moneys authorized by this act are made subject to the legislative assent of the several States and Territories to the purposes of said grants: Prorided, That payment of such installments of the appropriation herein made as flhall become due to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of its legislature meeting next after the passage of this act shall be made upon the assent of the governor thereof duly certified to the Secretary of the Treasury. Sbc. 10. Nothing in this act shall be held or construed as binding the United States to continue any payments from the Treasury to any or all the States or insti- tutions mentioned in this act, but Congress may at any time amend, suspend, or repeal any or all the provisions of this act. Approved, March 2, 1887. ENDOW^MENT OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES. [MorrUl law, August 30, 1890.] A.TS ACT to apply a portion of the proceeds of the public lands to the mora complete endowment and support of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts established nnder the provisions of an act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Bepresmtativea of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there shall be, and hereby is, annually appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, arising from the sales of public lands, to be paid as hereinafter provided, to each State and Territory for the more complete endowment and maintenance of colleges for the benefit of agricul- ture and the mechanic arts now established, or which may be hereafter established. LEGISLATION REGARDING THE DEPARTMENT. 51 in accordance with an act of Congiess approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, and an annual increase of the amount of such appro- priation thereafter for ten years by an additional sum of one thousand dollars over the preceding year, and the annual amount to be paid thereafter to each State and Territory shall be twenty-five thousand dollars, to be applied only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural, and economic science, with special reference to their applications in the industries of life, and to the facilities for such instruction : Provided, That no money shall be paid out under this act to any State or Territory for the support and maintenance of a college where a distinction of race or color is made in the admission of students, but the establishment and maintenance of such colleges separately for white and colored students shall be held to be a compliance with the provisions of this act if the funds received in such State or Territory be equitably divided as hereinafter set forth : Provided, That in any State in which there has been one college established in pursuance of the act of July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and also in which an educational institution of like character has been established, or may be hereafter established, and is now aided by such State from its own revenue, for the education of colored students in agri- culture and the mechanic arts, however named or styled, or whether or not it has received money heretofore under the act to which this act is an amendment, the legislature of such State may propose and report to the Secretary of the Interior a just and equitable division of the fund to be received under this act between one college for white students and one institution for colored students established as aforesaid, which shall be divided into two parts and paid accordingly, and there- upon such institution for colored students shall be entitled to the benefits of this act and subject to its provisions, as much as it would have been if it had been included under the act of eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the fulfillment of the fore- going provisions shall be taken as a compliance with the provision in reference to separate colleges for white and colored students. Sec. 2. That the sums hereby appropriated to the States and Territories for the further endowment and support of colleges shall be annually paid on or before the thirty-first day of July of each year, by the Secretary of the Treasury, upon the war- rant of the Secretary of the Interior, out of the Treasury of the United States, to the State or Territorial treasurer, or to such officer as shall be designated by the laws of such State or Territory to receive the same, who shall, upon the order of the trus- tees of the college, or the institution for colored students, immediately pay over said sums to the treasurers of the respective colleges or other institutions entitled to receive the same, and such treasurers shall be required to report to the Secretary of Agriculture and to the Secretary of the Interior, on or before the first day of Sep- tember of each year, a detailed statement of the amount so received and of its dis- bursement. The grants of moneys authorized by this act are made subject to the legislative assent of the several States and Territories to the purpose of said grants: Provided, That payments of such installments of the appropriation herein made as shall become due to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of legis- lature meeting next after the passage of this act shall be made upon the assent of the governor thereof, duly certified to the Secretary of the Treasury. Sec. 3. That if any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of the State or Territory for the further and more complete endowment, support, and main- tenance of colleges, or of institutions for colored students, as provided in this act, shall by any action or contingency, be diminished or lost, or be misapplied, it shall be replaced by the State or Territory to which it belongs, and until so replaced no sub- sequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to such State or Territory ; and no portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pre- tense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or 62 HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. buildings. An annual report by the president of each of said colleges shall be made to the Secretary of Agriculture, as well as to the Secretary of the Interior, regard- ing the condition and progress of each college, including statistical information in relation to its receipts and expenditures, its library, the number of its students and professors, and al8< as to any improvements and experiments made under the direc- tion of any experiment stations attached to said colleges, with their costs and results, and such other industrial and economical statistics as may be regarded as useful, one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail free to all other colleges further endowed under this act. Sec. 4. That on or before the first day of July in each year, after the passage of this act, the Secretary of the Interior shall ascertain and certify to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State and Territory whether it is entitled to receive its share of the annual appropriation for colleges, or of institutions for colored students, under this act, and the amount which thereupon each is entitled, respectively, to receive. If the Secretary of the Interior shall withhold a certificate from any State or Terri- tory of its appropriation the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the Presi- dent, and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the close of the next Congress, in order that the State or Territory may, if it should so desire, appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary of the Interior. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid it shall be covered into the Treasury. And the Secretary of the Interior is hereby charged with the proper administration of this law. Sec. 5. That the Secretary of the Interior shall annually report to Congress the disbursements which have been made in all the States and Territories, and also whether the appropriation of any State or Territory has been withheld, and if so, the reasons therefor. Sec. 6. Congress may at any time amend, suspend, or repeal any or all of the pro- visions of this act. Approved, August 30, 1890. 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I . . . ! . ■«•.■■•■• as OOOiAO K OO O) CO OOO O OOOCOOOOOD-OOOOOO o owooooa 0(00 to OO iri lo OOO o OO oeo o o o 00^ OOO OO oirf o oooooth ooooo c3 OO (D o OOO o o« OO o o oeoo to o OJO om « o os o o o oo OOOOlfSW C- iO O iH eo CDWO N 00 oo -* W OCO to O coo OlO 0«0 C- OODHflinO CO O! — <0 W t- in w eocfl T- s 2 s ■^ ft OO Oino ooooo g OO oo o C5 CO ggg g gogooooooogggog g g§g§s§ ggggg o o gg U5 ill i oooo'odocJ-dHoooodoio oMOOOooootooenooco oooooc^oooomcoc^oooo ot o> o> o> a 03 0^00000<0 icOOOOOO 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 .00 00 00 00 00 00 O O O O O OO t- l^ t- 1> t- 1- 1> 00 000000 000000 ^ t>> t ■ iH iH iH C<1 CO CO i- iOiis»oo.HOtnioioomoio.-ii~i-j.-(caooNi-i.-i.-(Mcflcsi'*o»neooootot-ooooooooooQooo ioio>amaoomtomotoom=iOOOOG>Joioiommiomoc30oraoooo>a>o>o>o>Aa>03 i-Hi-lFHCOOSfH-^^-^iH-^i— l-fl-WMMWCi] «■• — -u — — — — -« _!__._,_,_, «■.«■.-.-.«,-■._,_, -., j.-^-^THtf-*'* wi-Ht-n-tT-n-cwMcqcqcaiMc cococococoeocoeocococ^foco'^-^TH'' Ttim-^-^-*-^-#-^-^^iftift»rsiftm»oioioirsmminmiraio t- o r- o o o 00 00 00 00 CO ED to 00 00 (MOO cow ' O O O o o o as , © n c8ty • K> 3 ao ;=" g £ m 5.= a S.2 OB !- 3 a .fi''^ ?^ a H wt; m ni ..r Ej ^gftft^ s S B M o S ■3 >3 m P tUD _- » p s il s OO 111 «1 o a M '3 o o H moo DC Jj 3 JSS 03 -S 45 ^ Q (S bIssIs Ill-all APPROPRIATIONS AND DISBURSEMENTS. .55 00 3 SS ; ; ; eid : ; ; 33 ; ; : CM 00 l^OC-OOWM to o o O) ■* in lo lo -* C5 ooN in CO r-l o »n i-l o » 00 O 00 0000000l>010 ooooooor-iino •Hc-oooc-inooo OOOOOOSOO oooiniooooo t-OOO-*Q0OO o oo in M N 5 TllC' OOSlO IN OJ CM 31 Ol t- t- >« o> o in Tfi M ■* O) !C M N Tf i-H - ■ t> in'cc 1-1 CJ in oo-^'iHi-TrH^-T in-dTin" s (M" -* rH r4 cq CO in in" in s' CM in V -'gs CO in -^-gco-^-gV-cj § 8§ s d § co- in OOOOOOOOOO oooooooooo gggggggogg ric-ooootnr-'oo oo''T*rHi-HtH.-r ininin" 8 o 00 § d g gggggggg ooousinosoo t-OOOitOOOO ■*'" i-T r-j" M co" in in in § CO i eo" 88 do in 8 o" 8 in o oo ooo odd o o IS o o d oooo ooo ooooo oo ooo oocoo oo wino^o CgcO^'rHCM t-'in r-< ini>.-< S Ss t- I-- t- l^ t- t- I- l> t- t- COOOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOCX} eacsKNiMcMMmco iH i is 00 CO QO 00 CO 00 00 i -tn jlj -* -rH "* in in 00 oo 00 00 00 00 oo in-^inOOCMCOeDOOWOOOOSOSOSOiOiOOOOOOOt-t-t-t-OOt-OOt-OOOOOlOOOCOOt-Ot-Ot-t-C-C^C^t-t- ■.9ti-l-Tl*OO-*"*-*T*!-t*t>#-«J'0Dap0000O000»0a0i0iOOL--t-L--t--«l:-t-lr-t>l--«Dt-OOOO-^OCMOOOO-*OO et-t-i— t-(r-i— 0000 ooo oo 00,00 o o o o c o o - ^ N.CM CO i> r^ t- o o oS*" o 'CJ '^ T3 (D . -IS O O O O O 7M o b Mo CD OCU a ,c a) .3 n.-S fe Sp.2o ■-5 Sii I- » a a£ "^ — 66 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, .B Pi o O I fS M ® a a a <1 Pi t- -* ■* OJ o r-) CD OS P3 o w r> CO "^ o r-lO CO (D O ■ ^ ■ • o . o o • < t- o ■ ■ o ■ o o • • ;d o ■ • o ■ o o ■ 1 o O ■ • = torn ■ IN O ■ • (M ■ (N < • ■>* in" ■ I ■ i-T ■ • 00 CO O «D o o o o- M o o c- ec I-" m o o C- O OCOCO ■»* in O) o o »c4 i-i 00 CO in to '^ o I si o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a O O <=) o ooooo O O C3 O 00:3000 (M i-H (D in coinoo oo oo o o o o o o o o O O lO c oo O CO CMCO i~( o moo ooooooooo oooooo-*oo ooocooocooo ■«fl " ft to -^ Ml (M -mm o w CO I— I r-1 M N r— m m m m in D- t- t- r- t- CO CO 00 00 oc m minmo CD o D- t> t- t- l~- t- C- 00 00 00 CO 00 00 CO CD O CD CD CD CD CD t> C- t> t- t> I> t> 00 00 .00 00 CD oo 00 t> t- O t- t- t- t- l> 00 00 00 00 t~ t- t- t- r> D- t- t- 1> b- 1- t> CO 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 OD 00 -t-t-oooooooo-?jioooooooooocoinr-ini— t-ir-oit>c-t-i--t>t-c^t-t-t-o -■''"'"■'•" "^ •"•" ~ "-■ "^ »"•"•—•'» -^ -— — ' "~ "^ CD T-H CD so CD CD CD CQ tH i— I iH i— I CO hScOi-'i-Hi-I.H— IrtCOCOeOCOCO oooooooocooooocooooooooooooooooocoaooooooocoooa»oaa>o>o>OiO}O>o»oasa30>otoa9O9O> Pi. P c; n P » C3 00 00 _ CO o _ ,. Oo c^ o c \ a a '. ( ■ 3 f3 • E CDCO CD tf C- I> I- t- 00 00 00 00 m ooccoom'"'^ — "^ >i fab t>s bb o o"S o o o o o"* o o o .fC 'C . ^- 13 'O fd 'O "d . fo f^ fd la «> '8 I r:3 03 bJO ft 2 S h a t' H-j .-. " « a S O 3 3 s as -§0.5 J L. *a ft y OJ C3 m 0) M as S —^ a r. £ 2 ew ■« I g fl S 5 .2 * ■g S -S M .a '3 ■a Bo'g a .5 ■a St ■Cl3 I"! o s «i.S a .gti M 60' ■3.0 2 rag a B'3bS.2P».2 1^ U P4 a P l>)-g MOJ m-S S p a.3-2 P "iSs Si :'> 3 APPROPRIATIONS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 57 s 00 m o COCPCO OOOOOlQOOOOO OOOOO^HOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o« o o o o o o o o o coiri tOOOOOOOiOOdt— ooo coQooooeeci3:oa300o oicoooooi>cot>a>ootn ,H "* .-^ i-i 00 m oa o eo o ifs « HoOTtunaon w oj m r ini-^'*o)eoco' i-t(0 O QO COOO OC 00 00 00 00 O»ao Oi A03 O) A 0> O 03 0> A O O O O O O O O O O O O r-< rH £; fc t: t: t: Lr tr tr't; Ertr t* tr-t-t-t-t-t-c-t-t-ooQOQOQOooooooooaoQOoooooo oo QOOOoOQOaooooOQOaoaoco oo 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000- 00 t- t- 1- 1- t- r- o CO eo CO m o CO Tj» -* -* ■* ■«* -* o N 03 ci >-i.-(.-Hi-ii-H-Hjiooooooo-*iosMC(iwciW(r eocococoeacococ)(74c4(N(MciiMcoc > a 3 ^"^ '^ o o a aP. ■'^^ , V tH p ■ tOSH P S3 si I I C o c3 oj S '"So 3 "^w ccoPkHa 1,6 b o &^ ill "■2 ■■pg •iH Eh "i 3fe bos •I a a fgg' OHSf S " a I^S-ga fl rt =3 -^ 5.= a « p<> i> S B" :^5aoo®aa^W 58 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ■3 M « o s"a ^3 la t- CO m oo ao a> in 00 cj M OOMl(5-*00e0C10)rfl CO O O CO t- Oi CM i-( Ol -V t> OCO i-H Oi-( -* CO ■* C' 00 O) lO CO o> t- o> m od "* o o osos o Tf Muam o o o cooi »Oi— I ci c; OS ■^ ooaooicDcocicot^oi oc^-Tjimcsio-^t-Oios <} c8 ft o o o o o o o m o o o o o oooooooeooooo-^oooooo ooooooo-^ooooeooocoooc; ooooooo»ooooooomoooo OOOOOOlOO OOOOOOCOO ot-iraooooo oo o o oo O O in ^H t; is iH T-H N ffq (M XOOOD CO OO 00 00 OO 00 00 (N IN N CO 00 00 00 00 CO !NMC-llNCMNC^fM*-«*"*inTj(coooooi-ir-((M.H.HTHr *OOO0Q0OO0OO0OOOO000OOOOOO0CO0OOO OOOSOSOOSOiOSOlOiOC COCQCOCOCOCOCO"^''"'"'""^"^"^"'''^ J*"*inTj(COOOOOr OOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOO rmi-nrtMi—ii- ocracococococococo ( r-((M.H .H r-ir-tr 00 CO 00 00 -SB Ha oooooooooooo o^S o o o o ■B "O 'C '^ 'CO 'O 'O "C 'C "^ 'W "^ "w 'O "C "O ^ b ' ' • • ooocoooooo ■S g so u a s [•Bis .5 o a S «> s .2.2 a g £ a g'O'3 II'C - rt fl S ^ d o tltsp-go « g ft? H •S f'^S .-I on"'a APPKOPRIATIONS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 59 C-l M rH 00 MMO t- « NM OS O USS&S s« 5 n^SS s SS§«gg§gE2SgS3S3SS !£ SSSSSSSIggfeSSS gggSP 31 IIS g S3g3g§S§SSgg§SS£ i-ioo>ooa»kOLoacoe>o)a>oacoo CO 10 t-*MiH06o*(N ss 10 uS^ sa^^s^gggggsss" t- ICSCONiHr-ffMt-OODOQOOOjTt; CMCOWmr-tOJCOM OOOOOO ss g g§8 §2 SgggggggggOOOOO s gggggggogggogg 00000 US OkACS 3S COO i III edooo" 0000000 0*00*0 gggggsssggggggg odooodoo(No*oo'c> ggggggsgssggg gs ss S!5 i3 rHtOrt" S «=^=o^^g5ggg5j3 = g iiiii 0000 i iii i L884 L884 884 884 L884 884 885 885 885 885 885 885 885 1885 885 in 00 OOOOCOODOOODQOCOOOCOOOQQCO OOOOCOOOODOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOO ^w i-H 1- -.Hi-Hi-i :r: ■^ tz ei SO t- 00 o OS O CO O i-l CO ro -^ "* OO01^a>OiH01C0i-Hi-ir-lT-lr-l— t>r-(00O>Oast-t>C0lC5mO"*-^-* i-'i-'OiHOi-ii-ioi:— i-ii— i.-*i-iiHcococococoei5COcocococococococoB3coomioiommm»n -n* i^ -^ -^ -^ ^ il( ^ iM -^ i# -^ -^ -^ CO 10 CQ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO so CO OOOO 00 00 I a 00 ■5 11 •si ' s ® lit OH fS 9 o « 1 © o, o Si e3 o -d a .S"g © 3 « m g ti ) d bfiO ® 5 > < • 1 w *^ ^v/ ^>' w ^ r 5 "O 'O 'O 'O "d "d 000 00 o w ® 2 CJ o ii a-s ^ B-(3 p4Q a fl ja » .2 « o i >;| £ +3 S rt dj3 1 o c3,£a fc! 05 » I O ID O O to rS S fl ca S:;5 +5 Pi Q.(0 •"J a d o ® o?4 II ""5 pa pa I a S C3 P..B 0) n a a = li C°' « o S3 •3 a S Pi cowgg ■ N • *2 "^i £ ift iH tr to -o o o « d) itJ'd'C a; 01 ® fl E3 t=l O (D o CO m o oioo coeDcob-ooomiAOtoooco cocooe^iommcooocoai •aoiomooi> cotn o aotaa cQOboi » > oo c4 co r» cc co Oi 03 cos la t^ 03 -41 oi a Oi •aiCia3a»trna JiC-MOOCOl-lWr 9 o'^ Soooooooo w O O O O O O O OOO OtH «d OC3 O O OOS O O O O O OS 03 loo o in o ooo o o o o 00 o oookAooooooooi: OOOIMOOOOOOOOC 00(N.HOOOinOOOOC oo « oo 00 0000 00 QOO) O 000 l> Oa O CS) (N CO oco C4 oa ooo o tr-QO oa ^ CO m o co t^ o A 00 oa t- oioaoaoa aacoco i-i ^o ffij en Oi t- O «0 -^ t> ^«0 CO O <-l CO NiH— I W CO OJ 00 O. >-HD to O « «D ro OS W lO O Oi rH :0 00 ?q a> o CO >n 00 CO 00 b CO CO IM c^ o ■* O coco CO * O Irt o o O (M CD O CO O O O O O O OOO O o o o o o oo o o o s o iM mo too 00 o CD in 00 -tU t- -^ eo >-t CO iH .-i om o in Nr-^r^ (N l> t- CO N -tt-W"* in 00 00 l> 00 00 CC 00 QO oo oo oo 00 00 00 00 CO oo a> OiOi o 00 00 oo 00 00 oo 00 oo 00 00 oo oo oo 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 oo oo 00 OC 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OD 00 oo 00 00 00 00 Oi O) Oi Oi Oi Oi oi QO 00 oo 00 00 oo 00 00 OC 00 oo OC 00 00 Oi AOaOSOiO^OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 0! 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 •-•mMooiOoocDoot-co(M(NMcococoeo^-dicoco coMeocoMoocoffqcococftcocococococococococococo crtincOOOlOOOCOlOCOCOODCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCQOOCOCCCO N t- l> o oo 03 o> oa »n -111 tJ(-^ 31 t-QO . _ « I> O CO t- t- t-i Ol Oi O Ol O O O^ Ol Ol ' SCO ffq o MCO CO O OS CO CO CO i-( m O) lo CO coco CO ■€& CO cocooo g cj M c 00 00 00 1 0017400 OOONOCOOO u^>-w ..»— _■•-. 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IS oanSaSo IB +3 9 g ". -- .OS g g^a c g.3 © p, IB a) ^ - ^ o p,« Kji «j3 ■5 p w ao 62 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, O ®t3 a a a ^"1 O m rH t> OJ CO f-i OCIS_. -^ c- t- c- CO t-^ CO noD lA 85 i-(osn] in cq eg CQ oo 0C40 VCO ArHoowo ooost-Mca-**<-^irato»neo»omiiriOCD«otD C001COeOOOCCOOCOOSCO"*COCOCCMTjlCO'T*l"*"i}1'* "^-tHCOCO-^OOQOOOOOOSOOOiOOOoSDQOmoDM 0OMQ0 0O(N0OOOOOCgo0»O0O0OO00 000000 00 OOOOOOOO M W^WMMMMMcgcSwCQaS S o rt OSM OS 00 OS 00 00 00 00 NQOW" V' VJU WJ UU WB UU CO 00 00 00 00 00 OrH e4 OOOOO oc oo , OS OS , 00 00 f4 o eq o A OS OS O} 00 00 00 00 ' "T^ ^ ffl d n ^ fl s a .2 a] a .a -S fc g o , . . . ■- CO CIS O 00 o> rH .H OlfS 'WO S5IS o §§35 00 «0 OCft CQ iHW o ssas 5; sgi s SSIS £ S;SSgS5 g s CO O r-( VO O oocoMinoo ill i O ssssss 03 kO r-l kA t> 00 CO SI OOOkOi-l WO 1 CO oseo t-oiMOs O)o>coa> OO) g i o |||S| ^coco --S3 s dcccioaiMoo COr-«g iH^OO S3-"" in O) CO .-1 s §s ec o> N Tfi -a o m -*- (O g|§SS 5S5 5 5555 5 o o O! o o o o oooo t- oo lo ooo c^ oooooo o o o ooooo ooo o oooo o oooooo "^ oooo th oo 00 ooo in oooooo ooo in o o o o ooo o oooo o 00*^11500 o oooo (d oo (D o o c3 M oooooo ooo eocJooo ^oo o oooo o oot-ooo ■»* oooo t- oo in ^oo w oooooo o incsooo oino o oooo o ooasiooom m ooooo o tjio o o-^o -^i— leOMlOO ^ M i-H "H -K iH i-" O CQ iH WW CO r-i lO OO in iH W i— I lO CO r-l i-H CD 00 CO ^ r^!:?^ ^ ^^^~*^ T^ .-iT-iTHi-ic OOCVOOIO O) o o ooooa> oooooo oo OOOOOOQO 00 OOOOOOOOOOOO 00 00000000 00 oooo 00 oooooo 00 OOOOOOOOOOOO 00 00 00 ODOOOOOOOO 6r-t-c-oooooinoot-minocoot-t>t-t-t-oi-ooQoooooooooo)030SO)o;ooi>oint>i- , *ooooocooooincoQooooo'*-<*"*"<*-*-*TjiTj(". ■S >>a 2 « O-rH t^ ^5|o > a i" bS -s a a o , 'COO bOiO a §53 ■ S'^ a 4^ £ a tC o fl S PH O « ft ^ -H © ^ h I .0 5 a a t>.® w*i a a £ [? M a = -a O «4 n eg '1^ O © 2 -9 ae+- o o a « " B5 E,' — a o es o-t; &?«■ « a.B i= frH m y : 64 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 3 M S a 5a y P e '^kflot>mc4i-(a3 03 a m lA 00 d t- A cooomoo^t^a too C-OOTll-^Ttl CO CO CO 00 (N CO S s ^3 ^C0OQ0r^CDC0Oi0-*0>NCDIr-Q0O OSlO-^^r^WOOSCOt-iCOi-IQOMO ■*ca ■«) o oj"o"e4 (MuswaoTjiocowmooffliftoococD o oot-miNOi-4ioocqoNiH^oco >-( (N ^ tH CO eg iH D) MiM iH.-(»O.HKS i-t CO (M iH N M CSJ co CO ^ cococococococococccocococoeocococoeocofococofO'* ooooooooooooooooooccooooaocoooQOCoaDQOooaoaococo 0!} bo W DO t-L— t-t-ir-coxioooccoeoo>oaAO>oioocoocooT-iTi4cOL->r~t-t-QOcooooDooooooaoo>oiaia>ffi --c-t-c-t-t— t>c~t— c-t-r-t-t-t-t^oocot-ccot-ooeococoeocoeoeoeocococococoeomascococo 1 .^.^..^►^►— tw»_<.^Pwh_»^»^K^[^^^|^p^ t- t> t> t- t- t- b - t- t> t- t- t> b -■S -^ M bobxi 10 o "a il J. ^ ^ ■_.1 tj t:) * ,43 BO ^ S ft(D E=P > O '^■ a &0 h S So a-i Ti ID O P ftp O ® ffl ni n ^^ to s hi 2 ® ® ■" g W^ ^ t- p g tegS|aSxs,asa.2-ss;s«; fl13 m g i?*" J3 w E3 a a £ ID S PiS 5 Xi2 £ « f< a p^Sf S p, g a a a 2 S ° g ■§.-sa ftc3 p Ti P bo P d c 2 t-j3 Pll n.S.g'3 2 p, .9 a 6° 2-1 b5 g « S >3 a 111 si a e S ? p; a u Mia^ Sab I aap>- a'Egsl APPROPRIATIONS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 65 ^C-C0l-0>«a•^*«CDQ0Or -ll>O00»ON00mmr t;eDaOQOOOAOc--«Amo lO «D i-J N in ■* -- c4^'4ioin:^moo«oiHknt-ei: 3C-3(OSmO'*«D-^t*«i(OOtPf-.in«>OSO)U5tDlftO>00"*OTC4t-I>l>"*'< s^OosM«0!eoinocoiftaiM-*inOQt-cosi- '3O'H®©(NlflNNT|tO)r-ir-i«3lfSCSIt-N00WC0 00inN00b-1 rX 00 CO t- O »nmi-ii>.^Ji£sa5,-((oo>osoos«iftOsDOJmM>n(N'^coo»coooincooo'^j<«Tiiot-ii->(oi:-cOJr-(CaOOO 'WCONOISD-^C- " -^^ o»THt-t-a)OMOO-*^t-MC-rHt-rH'H-i*t-coococo(Dooooo ■omtotnoi-iw -tC4tae4i>rooaGOcocoQ 1-H orffl c-iOiin(ceD»-i'^eo'«in«TH CQN « jH o OS N T-t i-l l>O«0S00iHrH?3<-ifc*M cooo-^eowminr-toot-aioot--*^ tHM O! M fH CD iH ^ i-l ■^ 00 W OONOr-lOOOi-tCDOOi _______________ _ oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o SQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOm-^OOOOOOOC rstnooooaooo'votaoooooooooooo-^ooooooin oo <= ffJM'H W OCOSW— I ooooaooocoaccoaoaocoooooooaoacwaoooooaooooocooooocoaoooooooooooooxcooooDQOccaooDOOcocoooooooooaooooDOO - - - - _ _ _ t- t- t- I^- t> C- t- t- 1— - - - - - - - Oi 00 - - - - - - C1W(M(M,=BH'«a"° «p3 5.S > 5: a o M.P > 3-s ss 11341— No. 3 6Q HISTORICAL SKETCH OP DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ^ H 9 fl S fl -q ft 30000St-t-C-'*»000 O>-51m"51cQM«Dftai0i0lNi?aOOC>C0<0T*(M00C0MeDC0e0.HC-OC0'^'*Oe0C0»0OMOOW TjH-rH <0 TjT^'lM'Nod'T-rN m CO tH CO •; -^oooooooooooooco oo o o oo oo oo oo o ooooo o o o o oo oo in o oo o oc tnooinmmknoocQtAcoiAoin oo i-H CO rl r-l T-l iH r-l W S ?S i-H CO 00 C ot n A oi o> _._.__. 000000000000 CO OD 00 CO COaO 00 coco 00 OOGOGOOO o tg OQ i8 S*' 0000 o o d a a g o • SaSal.Sg' d ; " £ t> K P g p-2 a n q o o s =8 P h " *^ '-43 - S's p-g J3SB-S aa _ „ ^_ g|.-g.lmp|ifeg-Bg1 3 "mP 3 fe fc g s §^.9 a g «> lag ? O ti I S££S§P =3 s a >; »s.ap53 02 CBft<(|zi APPROPRIATIONS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 67 o o o o s s o o , 000. 00 , 000. 00 ,772.00 t- t- t- ® P « a W 2 OS S ^ .S ■« ■§ 1 "S d. CO P o H <1 P EH M P- <1 o M S 1=^ 5 8 «1 g.s O P4 o & a n o g^ OOCOOr Tf J",M »H ei5 to o'eo" 1- B ■«* CO O t- "« (D -IOOU5"ThQOSt-CQO> OQONtOCtacoW^O*OOSrHC^(N ^cocot-tDcor^-^QOMoooia « N t-- a t- M rH eg lO r-i CO r . , . . eor-t~taooaaQCQ(NAQQOaoa>co>flcoiHmi-ie^iH o-*t-oooaooooooi_ C-O00OM01'*00t--»ll0SC0MQ0Tj t> oT-iJod (d'oTirs CO «o (D us ^^^J■I> rorHtOast-t>moOOiO>OeO->*050i003l>«DlOr-Hni>lflN JH iH r-(rHWr-l^r-(HNMCON,Hi-(«.H(NroTfi^eciCO<00 4(MCOt*'U5tOt-00 — :— — — .. ..-^.. JQOaCOOQOOOOOOO OOOOGOOOOCCOOOaOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOODOOCOCOODODOOdOOCOO oooooooooooooot-ooo-*o oooooooooooocsomooooo oooomuamtnooooooiHC ooc~o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOC>0000<=>0 SI? )« O m « *^ 9 ■S" 'S^ew ft a^ S3.g kS g'S a-l a 30*0 rt CB CD ci II . ag fl 5 " « fl'-ii ■^.S5 3 •s-s-l fto aa tit ^® ft g,Sls '«"SSg OtDCO ^lofl^ '«wg fe^l^ be*-* rCr^-S •S'Sfloo E3 =1 3 3 a«gg o'o'o ■oo fe!«! fl^gfls^as;^ - « m 2» » » a osoiH«M-*meDt-cx)oso.H«mtjiio«5h-ooc)0.-nNco oooococcooaoooaocoaocoooccoooooocoooaooooooocoaoao 68 HISTORICAL SKETCS OF DEPARTMENT OF A<3^RICULTUBE. 3 a '43 la o ! So S3 •<-> ••i a a ti CO ° 5 00 t>oo aom ■* itT 00 of 00 -« o CO t-'* o i-t o OOJiH C " o p. 03t-lfl O 00 ■« 10U3 "^ QDOOOO a'* s S o ini a o in ^H re o (o Oi iH t— Oi CO 00 CO CO C- CO CO CO O CO t— (N OOi Oi OT l>eoco(0 ifs 00 w ca -rji -tjt CO i-( JO CO m t> O Oi T*MCOO» O A O) tAOkn 00 CO -^ lo eo in '^iH O CD OOO ■^^OTieooco CO t- t-o -^o i-n-H CO COIftCO -I Weo-* 8 0i Oi Oi □0 cooo S a "a s„ h ^m - S ft 9 S-w o pt © ^ ^ ■ — * £ S " o ©to « ■B " S § 03 © fl S SIS'" "S agio •^ ^ P-tn o s o o ©S 0^ S"" "-a H'tf >^© M •c ja & S M ^ *3 o t. © o S go 3 .- ms'ca n S^^ ?'« •^ . s ^ '" 2 eg © 3 p ft coftcsg O aj o cStS * l-S aS ""3 ~ " a"? ? s,s«5&a O w P.2 .a jd" •5 S ' c»,2 pfis bo .- 0-* fan ©^ ?=» ©£^^ P'OJ • CO (B^ S43-M ^^'-'^rS 05 (D (B 00 MM ®HmH flflfl M«- INDEX, Page. Accounts and Disbiirsements, Division, organization and work , 36 Adams, President, note on introduction of rare plants and seeds . 7 Agricultural colleges, law donating lauds , 47 for endowment 50 Society, UnitedStates, activity for establishment of Department.. 9 Agriculture, board, early efforts for establishment 6 7 British board, establishment 6 composition of society recommended by House of Representatives. 6 Department, appointment of early officials 10 bureaus, division, and offices 33-39 cost and value to the country 30-32 of exhibit at Columbian Exhibition 27 di visions under Commissioner Watts 13 law for change in rank 42 establishment 41 objects 41 organization and work 9-28 raised to first rank 20 recommendation as to new building 16 work as outlined by Commissioner Loring 16 early governmental aid 5-7 first appropriation by Congress 8 growth of work in Patent Office 8 notes on condition at beginning of Department work 30 Agrostology, Division, formation 26 organization and work 38 Alaska, attention to possibilities of agriculture _ 20 Alvord, H. E., chief of Dairy Division, note. .' 27 American cattle, inspection in England '. 23 representatives abroad, work for agriculture 7 Animal diseases, investigation 15 Industry Bureau. (See Bureau of Animal Industry.) Apiculture, study 19 Appropriations and disbursements, 1839 to 1897, summary of 67 for Department 53-68 savings under Secretary Morton 28 Arboretum on Department grounds, construction 30 Artesian wells, study of irrigation and underflow 24 Atlanta Exposition, additions to museum 29 Atwater, W. O., supervision of nutrition investigations 27 Bahia seedless oranges, introduction 18 Barbary -sheep, note on introduction 7 Beet-sugar inquiry, suggestion by Commissioner Xewton 11 Beets, note on analyses as to sugar producing 17 Berkley, Mass., memorial for board of agriculture 7 69 70 INDEX. Page. Biological Survey, Division, orgauization and work 36 Bollman, Lewis, appointment as statistician 10 Botanical Garden, establishment 7 Botany, Division, note on organization 13 organization and work 35 Bread, inquiry as to profits and reduction of price - 27 British board of agriculture, establishment 6 Browne, D. J., note on work for agriculture in Patent Office 9 Building for Department, recommendation of Commissioner Le Due Ifi Buildings and grounds, review of improvement 28-30 Bulbs, cuttings, and vines, distribution by Department 10 Bulletin, first issue of Department 10 Bureau of Animal Industry, extract from report on ticks in Texas fever 24 increase of appropriation for war on pleuro-pneu- monia 20 law for establishment 43 organization and work 33 origin 17 reorganization 23 work under Secretary Morton 27 Butter, counterfeit, discovery of difference i n crystals 20 Capron, Commissioner, selection as adviser to Japanese agricultural commission. 13 Capron, Horace, appointment ; notes on life ; term as Commissioner 12 , Cattle, American, inspection in England 23 discovery of cause of Texas fever 24 improvement of transportation by sea 23 Centennial Exposition, note on timber exhibit ' 14 Cereals, increase in production 30 Chemistry, Division, note on analyses of beets for sugar 17 organization and work 34 Chinese hogs, note on introduction 7 Citrus fruit groves, introduction of parasites of scale insects 25 Civil service, encouragement by Secretary Morton 28 examination, note on animal-industry inspectors 27 Colman, Commissioner, appointment to be Secretary 21 Norman J., appointment as Commissioner; notes on life; work of term. 18 suggestion of culture of medicinal plants 20 Columbian Exposition, note on cost of Department exhibit 27 Congress, authorization of publications on silk 7 first appropriation in aid of agriculture 8 Congressmen, change of attitude toward Department 21 Conservatories and grapery, construction 28 Consuls, American, work for agriculture 7 Contagion, note on value to farmer of prevention '. 31 Com and wheat, increase of production in several decades 30 Corn meal, note ou introduction into Europe 22 Cotton seed, distribution 10 Crop conditions, note on early publication 8 Crops, inception of monthly reports 11 suggestion as to introduction of new plants o 20 Cuttings, bulbs, and vines, distribution by Department 10 Dairy Division, note on establishment 27 Department of Agriculture. {See Agriculture, Department.) Diffusion process, increase in yield of sugar 20 Disbursements and appropriations of Department in detail 53 INDEX. 71 Dodge, Charles Richards, note on estimate of value of museum 14 J. R., note on work for Department 12 Eaton, William, introduction of Barbary sheep 7 Ellsworth, Henry L., aid to agricultural deyelopment 8 England, inspection of American cattle 23 Entomological Commission, transfer to Department of Agriculture 17 Entomology, Division, organization and work 35 Expenses of Department 53-68 Experimental farm, assignment of ground to Commissioner of Agriculture 10 recommendation of Commissioner Le Due 16 trial of cereals and other crops 11 garden, transformation into arhoretum 30 Experiment Station Record, recommendation 19 stations, law directing inspection by Department 26 for establishment 49 Office, establishment 19 organization and work 37 Farmers' Bulletins, first special appropriation 26 recommendation by Secretary Rusk ; popularity 22 Congress, note on work for Department 21 Fiber investigations. Office, organization and work 37 Fish, suggestions leading to establishment of Commission 12 Floods and storms, suggestion for observation and prediction 11 Foreign markets, change in method of inquiry 27 investigation by Secretary Rusk 22 section, organization and work 38 Forestry Division, discovery as to turpentine and lumber 28 organization and work 36 investigation, appropriation * 14 Franklin (Benjamin), promotion of agriculture 5 French hogs, note on introduction 7 Garden, propagating, incorporation in Department of Agriculture 9 Gardens and Grounds (Division), organization and work 34 Georgia, early aid to agriculture 5 Gibbons, Francis, jr., note on contract for Department building 28 Glover Townend, appointment as entomologist 10 Grange, National, resolutions as to Department 20 Grasses, collection from West 12 Grasshoppers, note on ravages in West 15 Green, Seth, request for attention to fish 12 Harrington, Mark W., appointment as chief of Weather Bureau 24 Hatch act 47-49 Representative, plan for experiment stations. 19 Henry, Joseph, suggestion for appointment of botanist 13 Herbarium, additions 25 Hessian fly, note on introduction of parasites 25 Highways, public, study begun 19 Hill, George William, appointment in charge of publications of Department. .. 22 Hogs, note on introduction of foreign breeds 7 Holloway, David P., note on argument for Department of Agriculture 9 Hough, Franklin B., special agent in charge of forestry 14 Illustrations, Division, reorganization 26 Indigo, early encouragement of cultivation 5 Inspectors for Bureau of Animal Industry, requirements 27 Insurance rates on cattle in transit, reduction 23 Interior Department, incorporation of Patent Office with agricultural work 8 72 INDEX. Page. Irrigation, appropriation for experiments 16 close of inquiry ........'. 27 liberal appropriation for investigations - 24 note on report - - - 19 James I (of England), encouragement of silk growing - . . 5 Japan, selection of Commissioner Capron as adviser 13 Jarvis, William, note on share in introduction of Spanish sheep 7 Jute, suggestion of cultivation ^ -- 11 Ladybird, note on introduction as enemy of scale insect 25 Lands for agricultural colleges, law for donation 47 Law creating the Bureau of Animal Industry 43 Department of Agriculture 41 donating lands for agricultural colleges - - 47 establishing agricultural experiment stations 49 for endowment of agricultural colleges 50 transfer of Weather Bureau to Department : 45 Le Due, Commissioner, recommend ation as to Department building 16 William G., appointment, notes on life and work of term 15 Lee, Dr. Daniel, note on appointment for agricultural work in Patent Office 9 KjLegislation and expenses, review 41-68 p~ bill for control of transportation of cattle by sea ^ 23 note on law for inspection of experiment stations 26 Library, Department, first appropriation - 12 organization and work 39 Lincoln, Eobert, aid on inspection of cattle in England 23 Live-forever, note on destruction by parasitic fungus 25 Longleaf pine, discovery as to value - - - - 28 i, Loring, Dr. (Commissioner), remark as to work of Division of Statistics 18 % Loring, Dr. George B., appointment as Commissioner ; notes on life ; work of term. 16 McMurtrie, Professor, in charge of Paris exhibit of 1869 16 Maize oil, note on early use 8 EiMarkets, inquiry as to prospective demand abroad for grain and meats 18 ' Massachusetts, early governmental aid to agriculture 5 Medicinal plants, suggestion as to culture, with list 20 ■ Merino sheep, note on introduction 7 • Mexican Observatory, note on exchange of data with Weather Bureau 27 I Microscopists, recognition of discovery as to butter crystals 20 Microscopy, Division, establishment 14 Mofifat, E. J., appointment as special agent in foreign markets 18 Morrill, Justin S., note on work for agricultural legislation 47 Morrill law 50 Morton, Julius Sterling, appointment as secretary 5 notes on life ; work of admin- istration 25 Secretary, encouragement of civil service and economy 28 Murphy, Charles J., introduction of corn meal in Europe 22 Museum, gifts from foreign governments 14 origin and development 39 Newton, Commissioner, suggestions for weather service and beet sugar inquiry 11 sunstroke and death 11 Isaac, appointment ; notes on life ; work of term 9 jr., appointment in charge of experimental farm 11 Nutrition investigations, special appropriation 27 Objects of Department stated in law 41 Oranges, Bahla seedless, introduction 18 Ornithology and Mammalogy, Division, note on establishment 19 Paris Exposition, appropriation and exhibit of Department 16 INDEX. 73 r> • Page. rarJiament aid to agriculture in America 5 Parry. C. C, appointment as Botanist : 13 Patent Office, growth of work for agriculture 8 list of employees on agricultural roll iu 1857 :... 9 Patents, Commissioners, list from early date 8 Pickering, Timothy, note on share in introduction of Barbary sheep 7 Pine timber, A-alue after boxing for turpentine 32 Plants, distribution from propagating gardens 10 18 note on value of study of diseases 31 Pleuro-pneumonia, beginning of crusade 17 eradication announced 23 "war 20 Plimsoll, Mr., note on attitude toward transportation of cattle 23 Pomology, Division, note on establishment 19 organization and work 36 Pork, American, withdrawal of prohibition by Germany 23 Publications, Division, organization and work 37 of agricultural statistics, etc 8 Department, growth 26 plans of Secretary Eusk 22 recommendation for sale of annual report 14 Quarantine of animals, transfer to Department of Agriculture 17 Eain making, note on experiments 25 Kamie, suggestion of cultivation 14 Sappalmnnock, note on savings by Weather Bureau 32 Read, Senator of South Carolina, response to AYashiugton's suggestion for board of agriculture -. 6 EepresentativeSjHouse, action on Washington's suggestion forboard of agriculture 6 Road Inquiry, Office, note on establishment 27 organization and work 38 Rush, Richard, note on manual on silk culture and manufacture 7 ■ Rusk, Jeremiah M., appointment as Secretary; notes on life; work of adminis- tration 21 Secretary, estimate of value of Department 32 Salmon, D. E., establishment of veterinary experiment station 17 Saunders, William, appointment in Department . . . : 10 improvement of Department grounds 30 Scale insects, note on importation of parasite enemies 25 Seed, amount distributed in 1863 10 Seedless oranges, Bahia, introduction 18 Seeds and plants, note on early distribution 7 system of exchange with foreSgn countries 12 change in method of distribution 28 opposition by Secretary Morton to distribution 28 suggestion of Commissioner Le Due as to distribution 16 Senate, reply to Washington's suggestion for board of agriculture 6 Sheep, introduction of Barbary and Spanish breeds 7 raising, early governmental encouragement 5 Signal Service of Army, note on appropriation for weather reports 14 Silk culture, renewal of inquiry 17 early encouragement to growing 5 note on manual by Richard Rush 7 reeling, experiments discontinued , 25 stndy of question of reeling 19 Silkworms, note on publication of Count Von Haggi's treatise 7 11341— No. 3 6 74 INDEX. Sinclair, Sir Jolm, note on friendship for Washington 6 Skinner, F. G., first collector of agricultural statistics for Patent Office 9 Smithsonian, botanical collection put in charge of Department 13 Soils, Division, note on formation 26 organization and work 38 Sorghum, close of investigations 17 experiments 16 South Carolina, early aid to agriculture 5 Spinner, U. S. Treasurer, request for attention to fish 12 Statistics, Division, condition under Commissioner Watts 15 organization and work 35 of three sections 26 reorganization and increase of work 17 value of information to farmers 31 Stokes, John W., time as Acting Commissioner 12 Storms and floods, suggestion for observation and prediction 11 Sugar, increase of production by diffusion process » 20 note on early manufacture from Indian corn 8 value of work by Division of Chemistry 31 production, distribution of sugar-beet seed 25 Taylor, Dr., discovery of differences in crystals of lard, butter, etc 20 Thomas, appointment as Microscopist 14 Tea culture, investigation, lease of farm in South Carolina 16 farm in South Carolina, note on report of William Saunders 17 Texas cattle fever, note on investigation 13 fever in cattle, discovery of cause 24 Thompson, George F., note on preparation of indexes 15 Ticks, investigation as cause of Texas fever 24 Tobacco, distribution of seed 10, 18 Transportation rates, publication in monthly reports 18 Tuberculous diseases, note on protection of human life 27 Vegetable pathology, section, note on establishment 19 Physiology and Pathology, Division, organization and work 3S Vines, bulbs and cuttings, distribution 10 Virginia, early aid to agriculture i 5 War Department Signal Service work, transfer to Department of Agriculture . . 24 transfer of weather reporting 14 Washington (President), promotion of governmental aid to agriculture 5, 6 Watts, Commissioner, objection to character of weather reports 14 Frederick, appointment, term, and sketch of life 13 Weather Bureau, establishment 24 extension of work 27 grounds and building, note on cost 29 law for transfer to Department of Agriculture 45 organization and duties 33 savings by warnings 32 reporting transferred to War Department 14 service, suggestion by Commissioner Newton 11 Wetherill, C. M., appointment as chemist 10 Wheat and corn, increase of production in several decades.. 30 tests of varieties on experimental farm ,. 11 Willits, Edwin, appointment as Assistant Secretary 22 Assistant Secretary, in charge of Columbian exhibit 27 Wilson, .James, appointment as Secretary 27 o Bulletin No. 4. Cik^ c2., U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS. INDEX TO AUTHORS WITH TITLES OF THEIR PUBLICATIONS APPEAUING IN THE DOCUMENTS OE THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 184tl to 1897. GEO. F. THOMPSON, Assistant in Charge of Doeument Section, Division of I'liblications, Under direction of GEO. \A/M. HILL, Chief of Division of PulKcations. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1898. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Depaktmbnt of Agricolttjee, Division of Publications, Washington, D. C, June 37, 1898. SiK : I have the honor to transmit for publication as Bulletin No. 4 of the Division of Publications an Index to Authors with Titles of their Publications Appearing in the Documents of the Department of Agriculture from 1841 to 1897, inclusive; the agricultural reports pub- lished previous to 1862 as a part of the Patent Office reports being considered for the purposes of this work as agricultural reports. This index was i)repared by Mr. George F. Thompson while assistant in charge of the document section of this Division, but it is due to him to say that while it thus appears properly, as the title-page shows, under the direction of the chief of this Division, the greater part of the work was actually done by Mr. Thompson outside of the regular business hours, and both the suggestion and the plan of the work are largely his own. The difficulties experienced by this Division during the past two years in its effort to answer all inquiries relating to the Department publications give assurance of the usefulness of the present publication and invite further effort in the direction of index work. Very respectfully, Geo. Wm. Hill, Hon. James Wilson, Chief. Secretary of Agriculture, 3 PREFACE. In the Document Section, where requests for publications receive attention, a constant necessity exists for indexes of all series of the Department publications. This necessity is all the more apparent since the Division of Publications, on taking up the work of the Docu- ment Section, determined upon the policy of replying specifically to every communication received. These requests came in all manner of forms — sometimes by the number of the document, sometimes by its title, sometimes by the author's name, and sometimes by vague refer- ence to the subject-matter. This catalogue of authors and their titles is the outgrowth of this necessity, but of course it only partially answers the requirements of complete reference books of the Depart- ment publications. Although a conscientious effort has been made to include every author and his title, except the brief and unimportant letters appearing in the earlier agricultural reports, the hope can hardly be indulged that the catalogue is free from errors of omission ; however, the hope is indulged that the errors are so few as not to impair its usefulness. There is in the documents issued by this Department a vast amount of literature which bears no signature. There are many such articles in the annual reports and the reports of the Statistician. Of coarse such articles are not mentioned in an author's catalogue. Neither can proper credit be given here to a large amount of the work done on the Experiment Station Kecord and the seven volumes of Insect Life. The plan of the work is to give a synopsis only where it is necessary to explain what is not clearly shown in the title. Somtimes such a title could not be framed, and in other instances there evidently was no effort to give the article a proper heading. Previous to 1862 the agricultur.al reports were published as a part of the Patent Office Eeports, but in this work, as in previous indexes, they are all considered as Agricultural Eeports. A key to the abbreviations used iu the references is given. Articles which are without heads are supplied by myself, and are indicated by being inclosed in brackets. Geo. F. Thompson. 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Ag Agriculture. Agros Agrostology. B. A. I Bureau of Animal Industry. Biol. Surv. .Divisionof BiologicalSurvey. Bot Botany. Chein Division of Chemistry. Cont Contributions. " Cot Cotton. Dis Diseases. Doc Document. : Ent Division of Entomology. Ent. Com . . . U. S. Entomological Commis- sion. E. S. E Experiment Station Record. Ex - Executive. F. B Farmers' Bulletin. Fiber Oifice of Fiber Investigations. For Forestry. For. Mkts-- -Section of Foreign Markets. H House of Representatives, Herb - Herbarium. I. L Insect Life. Inq Inquiry. Irrig Irrigation. Jour. Mycol Journal of Mycology. 6 Lib Library. Misc Miscellaneous. Mo Monthly. Mo. W. R Monthly Weather Review. N. A. Fauna North American Fauna. Nat '. National. n. B nevf series. O. E. S Office of Experiment Stations. O. and M .. .Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. Path Pathology. Pom Pomology. Pubs Division of Publications. Rpt , Report. S Senate. s series Soils Division of Soils. Spl Special. Stat Statistician. t. s technical scries. Unnum Unnumbered. Veg Vegetable. W. B Weather Bureau. W. R Weather Review Y.B Yearbook. INDEX TO AUTHORS WITH TITLES OF THEIR PUBLICATIONS. Abbe, Cleveland. The International Conference [meteorological]. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 626-631. Instrumental corrections; methods of reduction; resulting accu- racy. Rpt. Chief W. B., 1891-92, pp. 37-48. Determination of the true amount of precipitation and its bearing on theories of forest influences. For. Bui. No. 7, pp. 175-186. 1893. The marine nephoscope and its usefulness to the navigator. W. B, Bui. No. 11, pt. 1, pp. 161-167, iUus. 1894. The meteorological work of the U. S. Signal Service, 1870 to 1891. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 232-285., 1895. Abbott, L. S. Potato culture in Lake County, Ohio. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 295-299. Aids to cattle feeding. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 211-215. • ' The turnip — Varieties — Where to grow turnips — Effects of transplanting — Size from different sowings — Keeping quality of the Russian turnip — Fod- der — Quantity and quality — Time for sowing, with results — How to cut and cure. Adams, F. G. Agriculture in common schools. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 174-187. 1885. Adams, Mrs. Ii. B. Farmers' boys. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 307-313. Affleck, Thomas. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 152-167. Aiken, D. "Wyatt. The grange: Its origin, progress, and educational purposes. Spl. Rpt. No. 55, pp. 18. 1883. Paper read before a convention called by the Commissioner of Agriculture January 23, 1883, to consider the subject of agricultural education. The grange : Its origin, progress, and purposes. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 56-64. 1883. Aitken, John. Observations of atmospheric dust. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 734-754, illus. 1896. Albert, Prince of Monaco. The creation of meteorological observatories on islands connected by cable with a continent. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 158-160. 1894. 7 8 TJ. S. DEPARTMKNT OF AGBICULTURE. Aldrich, J. M. Notes of the season from South Dakota. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 67, 08. 1891. Spraying without a pump — preliminary notice. I. L., vol. 7, pp, 114, 115. 1894. Notes on the insects of North Idaho. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 201, 202. 1894. Spraying without a pump. Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 28, 29. 1890. Aldrich, w. s. Engineering experiment stations. O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 110-118. 1897. Alexander, E. P. The destructive forces of hurricanes and the conditions of safety and danger. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 153-156 lllus. 1896. Allen, A, B. Swift's cast-iron grain, coffee, and spice mills. Ag. Rpt. 1847. Dp. 542, 543, illus. Salt and fresh water marsh hay. Ag. Rpt. 1876, pp. 296-298. Allen, Charles. [Report on larm crops, etc., in Rhode Island.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 475-478. Allen, E. "W. Leguminous plants for green manuring and for feeding. F. B. No. 16, pp. 24. 1894. A review of recent work on dairying. E. S. R., vol. 6, pp. 943-974 1043-1069. 1894. The feeding of farm animals. P. B. No. 22, pp. 32. 1895. Dairy work at the experiment stations. E. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 359-367. 1896. Allen, H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.! Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 458-460. Allen, H. N. Diseases among Korean cattle. 8th and 9th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 379, 380. 1893. Allen, J. P. Remarks on the grape disease of Europe. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 311, ol^. Allen, Le'wis F. Improvement on native cattle. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 294-320, illus. The introduction of pnre foreign breeds of cattle— The value and importance of our neat cattle— Increase of our neat cattle — Present consumption of heef cattle in the United States— Increase of weight in our cattle— Pre- tended history of the Shorthorns— American Shorthorns— Their adapta- tion to our climate and soils — Not to be recommended everywhere— How our native cattle nre to he improved — How bulls should be kept for breed- ing purposes— The importance of using thoroughbred bulls— How stock should be bred and reared— Preparing stock for fattening— A comparison of proats-Milch cows— The proper selection of bulls for breeding— Breed- ing thoroughbred Shorthorns— Management of the bull— Economy in fat- tening cattle. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 9 Allen, Lewis P.— Continned The Shortliorn breed of cattle. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 416-426, illus. Considered with reference to the beef and dairy interests of the United States— The Shorthorns— Our beef exportations— The Shorthorns for dairy purposes. American live stock. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 403-413. Allen, Morrill. [Report on farm crops.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 358-361 Allingham, William. The forecasting of ocean storms, and the best methods of making such forecasts available to commerce. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 150-158. 1894. AUston, R. F. W. Eice crop of South Carolina in 1849. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 305-307. Eice culture [in South Carolina]. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 323-325. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in South Carolina.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 316-318. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in South Carolina, i Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 87-89. Rice. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 153-159. Introduction into the United States— Cultivation-Harvesting-The crops of 1854 — Tables showing comparative export of rice from Charleston, 1853 and 1854. Alvarez, Manuel. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Mexico.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 489-492. Alvord, C. T. On potato disease. Ag. Ept. 184S, pp. 569-572. The manufacture of maple sugar. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 394-405. Alvord, Henry E. The dairy herd: Its formation and management. Y. B. 1894, pp. 295-316. The manufacture and consumption of cneese. Y. B. 1895, pp. 453-474, illus. Growth of the industry — Manufacture and composition of cheese —Increas- ing the consumption of cheese — Export trade of cheese — Statistics of dairy interests of Canada — The manufacture of skim cheese in America — Oleomargarine cheese — Ways to improve the trade in cheese — Necessity of classifying and branding clieese^Legislative safeguards. How to select good cheese. B. A. I. Circ. No. 11, pp. 11, illus. 1896. Statistics of the dairy. (Compiled from the United States census for 1890 and from other reliable sources, with explanatory notes.) B. A. I. Bui. No. 11, pp. 53, illus. 1896. [Presidential address before the Association of American Agri- cultural Colleges and Experiment Stations.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 30, pp. 20-^1. 1896. The dairy herd : Its formation and management. F. B. No. 55, pp. 24, 1897: Eeprinted from Yearbook for 1894. 10 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Alvord, Henry E.— Continued. List of officials and associations connected with the dairy interests iu the United States and Canada for 1897 B. A. I. Oirc. No. 18, pp. 8. 1897. Creameries or butter factories : Advantages, location, organization, and equipment. 12th and 13th B. A. I. Epts.. pp. 297-316, iUus. 1897. Alvrood, William B Tests with insecticides uiDon garden insects. Ent. Bui. No. 13, pp. ■ 38-47. 1887. Report on Ohio insects. Ent. Bui. No. 13, pp. 48-53. 1887. strawberry leaf-beetle (Paria aterrinea), strawberry root-borer (Grapnops jyuhescens), strawberry crown-borer (Ti/lodei-ma fragariw), plantain curcu- lio {Macrops sp.), anew oat fly (Osoinisi sp.), cabbage plant-louse {Aphis brassiow), cabbage worms {Plusia Ijrasaicw and Pieris rapm), corn aphis {ApJiis niaidis), clover seed midge (Cecidomyia leguminicola), May beetle (Lachnosterna fusoa" Piefromalua puparum and Avanteles alomeratns. Apan- teles congregatvs. I; Report on experiments with remedies against the hoplouse. Ag. I Ept. 1888, pp. 102-111, illus. ||, Insecticides — Machinery used iu applying insecticides — Field trials of STjray ^' machines — Local efforts made to destroy the hoplouse. List of horticulturists of the agricultural experiment stations in r the United States, with an outline of tlie work in horticulture at ^- the several stations. O. E. S. Bui. No. -^j pp. 27. 1889. Standard fittings for spray machinery. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 58, 59. 1891. A note on remedies for the horn fly. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 68, 69. 1891. Is cooperation for the control of San Jose scale practicable? Ent. Bui. No. 6, n. s., 80-84. 1896. Ambler, John C. Letter on cost of raising corn. Ag. Ept. 1847, p. 401. Ancrum, H. On wool mattresses. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 509-512. Wool mattresses the best material and the only one that ought to be used for bedding for all ages and all ranks— Mode of making a wool mattress- Flannel manufactures of wool — Home market for wool. Anderson, E. H. [Eeport on cotton insects.] Cot. Insects, pp. 352-356. 1879. Eeport upon the cotton worm in south Texas in the spring and early summer of 1883. Ent. Bui. No. 3, pp. 31-38. 1883. Entomological report. 4th Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 37-48, appx. iv. 1885. Anderson, F. W. The pastoral resources of Montana. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 311-324, illus. Mining and stock raising— General features of Montana— Climate— Native grasses — Concluding remarks. Brief notes on a few common fungi of Montana. Jour. Myool., voi. 5, pp 30-32. 1889. Notes [on the fungi of Helena, Montanal. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 82-84. 1889. j j i i'F INDEX TO AUTHORS. 11 Anderson, F. W.— Continued. A preliminary list of the Erysiulieas of Montana. Jour. Mycol. vol. 5, pp. 188-194. 1889. Notes on certain Uredinese and TJstilagineiB. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 121-127. 1891. Anderson, F. W., and J. B. Ellis. A new Ustilago from Florida. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 116,117. 1891. Anderson, F. W., and F. D. Kelsey. Erysiphete upon Phytoptus distortions. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 209, 210. 1889. nderson, James. Eotting hemp. ji.g. Rpt. 1849, pp. 330, 331. Anderson, T. J. Bxperimeuts ai determination of moisture and ether extract. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 93, 94. 1890. Report on food and feeding stuffs low in carbohydrates. Uhem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 127-135. 1892. Andrevrs, C. C. The sugar beet in Sweden. Mo. Rpt. 1872, pp. 133-137. Statistics of agriculture in Sweden and Norway. Mo. Rnt. 1873, pp. 259-263. Rotation of crops in Sweden. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 363, 364. Agriculture in Italy. Ag. Rpt. 1876, pp. 283-287. The condition and needs of spring wheat culture in the Northwest. Spl. Rpt. No. 40, pp. 61. 1882. European roads. Road Inq. Bui. No, 2. pp. 8, 9. 1894. Angley, Samuel, and C A. White. Artesian wells upon the Great Plains ; being the report of a geo- logical commission appointed to examine a jjortion of the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains, and report upon the locali- ties deemed most favorable for making experimental borings. Unuum. rpt., pp. 1-33. 1882. Angot, M. Alfred. Cloud photography. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 769-772. 1896. Auguera, Don Pablo. [Remarks on cotton in Spain.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, pn. 265, 266. Antisell, Thomas. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 45-51. Mineral and metallurgic analysis. Cultivation of cinchona in the United States. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 454-472. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1867, pp. 31-57. Amount of sugar and molasses produced in the United States in 1860 — Sugar consumption in Europe in the year 1865 — Beet sugar production and colo- nial sugar entries in Europe in 1865— European beet sugar production for three years ending 1866— White Silesian red top — White Silesian green top — White Madgeburg— Caatelnaudry yellow— Amount of juice yielded — Specific gravity of juice — Percentage of sugar — Remarks of European proc- esses of manufacture — Remarks on the chemical composition of the beet. 12 U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGBIGULTDEE. Antiaell, Thomas — Continued. Greensand marl as a manure. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 368-370. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 59-77. Greensand marls— Their position and geological relation— Greensand of Del- aware— Marls from Virginia and Maryland— Action and value of greensand marls — Native phosphatic manures. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1869, pp. 65-79. Sumac, wines, soils, marls, natural fertilizers, sweet potato. Value of sewage deposit of the city of Washington. Mo. Ept. 1869, pp. 228-230. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 91-107. AraeUs hypogea—GrouiiA nut— Peanut— Residue from alum springs— Coal- Gypsum— Marls : Their use and influence — Beet sugar — Western or "alkali" soils— Meat extract — Indian foods. Applegate, Jesse. [Eeport on farm crop, etc., in Oregon.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 468- 474. : Aquilar y SantiUare, Rafael. ^ Brief sketch of the development of meteorology of Mexico. W. B. ^- Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 335-338. 1895. Aran, P. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Cass County, Illinois.] Ag. Ept„ 1848, pp. 540, 541. Arenz, Fr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Illinois.] Ag. Ept. 1851, p. 443. Armsby, H. P. Is a digestion experiment fallacious? O. B. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 89, 90. 1891. Digestion experiments — recent work abroad. O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 132-137. 1891. Armstrong, H. J., jr. [Eeport on the commerce of Grenoble, Prance.] For. Mkts. Bui. " No. 3, pp. 50-52. 1895. Wheat and flour — Meats'. Arrhenius, J. Alsike clover. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp 352-355. Arthur, J. C. Pear blight {Micrococcus amylovorus). Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 125-129. Ashburuer, C. E., jr. Our highways: Their construction and maintenance. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 11, pp. 32-34. 1895. Macadamized roads. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 17, pp. 31-34. 1895. Ashby, Newton B. [Eeport on the commerce of Dublin, Ireland.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 145-153. 1895. Ashley, J. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Illinois.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 402- 434. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 13 Ashmead, William H. Eeport ou insects injurious to garden crops in Florida. Ent. Bui. Ko. 14, pp. 9-29, 1896. Cabbage plusia {Plusia brassicw), cabbage plutella {Plutella cruoiferarum), cabbage aphis {Aphis brassicw), list of other insects found on cabbage in Florid.a, corn worm (Heliothis armigur), mining lly (Diaatata sp. ?), other corn insects, tomato worm (Sphinx Carolina), tomato-stalk borer [Gortijna nitela), tomato aphis {Megonra solani), eggplant aphis {Siphonophora cuour- bitw), insects affecting tlie tea plant, bean cntwonn (Tehsilla oitiereola), squash bug (Anasa tristis), squash borer (ICudioptia nitidalis), S(|uash-viiie borer {Milittia ceto), melon borer {Eudioptis hi/alinata), melon-plant louse (Aphis citrulli). Report on an outbreak of the army worm, and on some other insects affecting grain in Maryland. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 53-57. 1890. An encyrtid with six-branched autenniB. I. L., vol. 3, pp. ASS- IST, illus. 1891. A new spider parasite. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 259, 260. 1894. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 25-29, 240-247, 320-326. 1894. Ashton, C. J. Eeport of the chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 151-154. Assmaim, R. The balloon ascensions of November 14, 1896. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 457, 458. 1896. Atherton, G. W. [Presidential address before the Association of American Agricul- tural Colleges and Experiment Stations.] O. E. S.. Misc. Bui. No. 2, pp. 65-78. 1890. Atkinson, Edward. Egyptian cotton. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 417-420. Suggestions -for the establishment of food laboratories in connec- tion with the agricultural experiment stations of the United States. O. E. S. Bui. No. 17, pp. 20. 1893. Suggestions regarding the cooking of food. Unnum. rpt., pp. 31, illus. 1894. Atkinson, G. F. Note on a cotton cutworm. I. L., vol. 4, p. 31. 1891. Note on a nematode leaf disease. I. L., vol. 4, p. 31. 189i. Anthracnose of cotton. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 173-178, illus. 1891. Diseases of cotton. Q. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 279-316, illus. 1896. Atwater, W. O. Eecent progress in agricultural science. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 26-37. Agricultural experiment stations in Europe. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 517-524. Growth of the experiment stations— How founded and supported— Revenues and working force— Revenues of Prussian experiment stations— Equip- ment and location of stations. 14 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. AtTwater, W. O. — Continued. Agricultural experiment stations in Europe. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 466-474. Continued from page 524, Annual Report of 1875. Fertilizers. Cooperative experiments as a means of studying effects of fertilizers and the feeding capacity of ''lants. TJnnum. rpt.. pp. 33. 1881. Cooperative experiments as a means of studying the effects of fer- tilizers and the feeding capacity of plants. TJnnum. rpt., pp. 27-37, in "Proceedings." 1882. Eesults of field experiments with various fertilizers, CTnnum. rpt., pp.183. 1883, Eeport of the Director of the Office of Exweriment Stations. Ag. Kpt. 1888, pp. 537-558. Establishment and first work of the Office of Experiment Stations — Publi- cations contenijilatcd — Work of investigation — General statements — Origin and development of agricultural experiment stations iu the United States — List of agricultural experiment stations iu the United States. Eeport of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 485-544. Introduction — Operations of the Office of Experiment Stations — Work of the year — Publications of the Office of Experiment Stations — Publications in course of jireparation — Collection of statistics and historical data — Work for the coming year — The indication of special lines of inquiry to be pursued by the stations — The work of the stations — Some features of the work of the California stations — Fertilizers — The wants of different soils — Official examinations of fertilizers^— Fertilizer analysis — Improvement in commercial fertilizers — Home-mixed fertilizers — Ashes as a fertilizer— ^ Field experiments with fertilizers — Soil tests by farmers — Differences in soils and crops as to plant food needed — I'otash in fertilizers — Potash on the blue-grass soils of Kentucky — Tests of varieties— Alfalfa — Silos and i silage — Experiments in swine feeding — Cotton-seed hulls and meal as feed- ing stuffs— Better cows for the dairy — Dairying— Butter making — Cream- ^j eries— Seed testing— Hardy fruits — The dehorning of cattle — Statistics of the stations — Lines of work pursued at the stations — List of agricultural schools and colleges in the United States — Agricultural colleges recently organized — Farmers' institutes — Growth and status of the experiment sta- tion enterprise in the United States— Difficulties and dangers- Promise of success of the experiment station enterprise. The what and why of agricultural experiment stations. F. B. No. 1, pp. IC. 1889. Report of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Ag, Ept. 1890, pp. 489-555, Introduction— Operations of the Office of Experiment Stations— Work of the year— Special features of the work of the comiug year— The indication of lines of inquiry to be pursued by the stations— Representation of the experiment stations at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893— Statis- tics of the statious- Stations recently organized— Lines of work pursued by the stations— Illustrations of station work— Corn — Wheat— Cotton- Leguminous plants— The acquisition of atmospheric nitrogen by plants- Feeding experiments— Simple methods of testing milk— The agricultural colleges and experimeut statious— Agricultural colleges recently organ- ized—The Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experimeut Stations— The teaching of experience regarding the work of the stations- List of publications of the Office of Experiment Stations— List of agri- cultural schools and colleges in the United States. Work of the agricultural experiment stations. P. B, No. 2, pp. 16. 1890, '^^ INDEX TO AUTHORS. 15 Atwater, W. O.— Contimied. [A report of the annual meeting of the G-erman Association for the Advancement of Science.] E. S. II., vol. 3, pp. 207-212. 1891. Experiment stations in Holland. E. S. 11., vol. 5, pp. 069-675. 1894. Food and diet. Y. B. 1894, pp. 357-388, illns. Definition of food aud economy— The actuiil uutiiment of food and its cost — Nutritive ingredients of food— Cheap and dear foods— Digestibility of food— The fitting of foods to the needs of thu body — Standards of daily dietaries — Dietary standards for men at muscular work — The food of peo- ple in business and professional life— Dietaries of laboring people — Food, work, and wages in the United States and in Europe — The nutrition of the workin^man and his elevation — Food of people with scanty nourish- ment—Nutrition and working power — The body of a machine-T-Errors in our food economy — Purchase of needlessly expensive kinds of food — Waste of food — The food of the poor — Need of research. Methods and results of investigations on the chemistry and economy of food. O. B. S. Bui. No. 21, pp. 222, illns. 1895. Food and its present use for nutriment — Composition of food materials — The digestibility of food — Preparation of food (cooking) — Use of food in the body- Metabolism of energy (income and outgo of body) — Pecuniary economy of food — Food consumption — Staudards for dietaries — Errors in our food economy. Foods: Nutritive value and cost. P. B. No. 23, pp. 32, illus. 1895. Atwater, W. O., and C F. Lang^w^orthy. A digest of metabolism experiments in which the balance of income and outgo are determined. O. E. S. Bui. No. 45, pp. 434. 1897. Atwater, W. O., and Charles D. 'Woods The chemical compo.sition of American food materials. O. E. S. Bui. No. 28, pp. 47, illus. 1896. Comments on the dietary studies at the University of Tennessee. O. E. S. Bui. No. 29, pp. 33-45. 1896. Comments on the food investigation at the University of Missouri. O. E. S. Bui. No. 3 1 , pp. 21-24. 1896. Comments on the dietary studies at Purdue University. O. E. S. Bui. No. 32, pp. 23-28. 1896. Dietary studies with reference to food of the negro in Alabama in 1895 and 1890. O. E. S. Bui. No. 38, pp. 09, illus. 1897. (Conducted with the cooperation of the Tiiskegee Normal and Industrial Institute and the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama) — Com- position of Alabama food materials — Description of samples of food mate- rials — The investigations at Tuskegee — Details of dietary studies — Discus- sion of results . Dietary studies in New York City in 1895 and 1890. O. E. S. Bui. No. 46, pp. 117. 1898. Atwater, W. O., Charles D. Woods, and P. G. Benedict. Eeport of the preliminary investigations on the metabolism of nitrogen and carbon in the human organism, with a respiration calorimeter of special construction. O. E. S. Bui. No. 44, pp. 64, illus. 1897. Atwood, Geo. W. The fruits of Florida. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 140-147. 16 U. S. DEPARTMKNT OF AGRICULTUKE. Austin, Amory. Eice: Its cultivation, production, and distribution in the United States and foreign , countries. Stat. Misc. Ept. No. 6, pp. 76. 1893. Avery, Giles C [Report on farm crops, etc., in New Torli.] Ag, Ept. 1849, pp. 99-103. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.J Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 426-429. Babcock, S. M. Eeport on dairy products. Chem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 7-20. 1892. [Presidential address before the Association of Official Agricul- tural Chemists.] Ghem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 3-5. 1893. Babinet, M. Methods in use in France in forecasting floods. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 94-101. 1894. The best means of finding rules for predicting floods in water courses. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 142-149. 1894. Bacon, William. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 352-362. Paragraphs on the season — wheat crop, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, corn, potatoes, hemp, and flax, tobacco, silk, sugar, rotation of crops, root crops, pease, orchard, dairy, farm animals, poultry, and eggs, bees, manure, wages of labor, etc. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 350-357. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 88-93. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 306-308. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 164-169. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 150-153. Bacot, WilUam S. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 45-49. 1894. Bagg, Aaron. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 414, 415. Baier, Julius. Low pressure in St. Louis tornado. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pj). 332, 333. 1896. Bailey, G. E. [Eeport on geology of South Dakota west of the Missouri River, and of Wyoming east of the Rocky Mountains, with reference to artesian wells tor irrigation.] S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 65-70. 1890. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 17 Bailey, Isaac H. Leather productiou of America. 4tli and 5th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 419-426. 1889. Bailey, James S, On some of the North American CossidiE, with facts in the life history of Gossus centerensis. Ent. Bui. No. 3, pp. 49-55. 1883. Bailey, L. H. Sketch of the relationship between American and Eastern Asian fruits. Y. B. 1894, pp. 437-442. Some interrelations of climatology and horticulture. W. B. Bui. No. 11, pt. 2, pp. 431-435, illus. 1895. The improvement of our native fruits. Y. B. 1896, pp. 297-304. Instructions for taking phenological observations. Mo. W. E., vol, 24, pp. 328-331. 1896. Bailey, Vernon. Report on some of the results of a trip through parts of Minnesota and Dakota. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 426-454, illus. Notes on some of the spermophiles and uocket gophers of the Mississippi Valley. Ag. Rpt. 1892, pp. 185-193, illus. Spermophiles — The striped prairie spermophile {Spennophilus trideeemlinea- tus) — Franklin's spermophile {S.franklini) — Richardson's spermophile (S. riehardsoni) — Pocket gophers — Gray pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoidea) — Red pocket gopber ( Geomi/s bursarius)— Methods of destroying prairie dogs, spermophiles, and pocket gophers — Trapping — Poisoniug. The prairie ground squirrels, or spermophiles, of the Mississippi Valley. O. and M. Bui. No. 4, pp. 69, illus. 1893. The pocket gophers of the United States. O. and M, Bui. No. 5, pp. 47, illus. 1895. Bain, Alexander. [Report on the commerce of I'ort Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 54. 1895. Baird, S. M. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New Mexico.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 483-488. Baird, Spencer F. On the ruminating animals of North America and their suscepti- bility of domestication. Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 104-128, illus. Barren-ground reindeer {Tarandua arciicus), woodland caribou {!'. hastalis), European reindeer (T. furcifer) , moose deer {Aloes ammccraa), American elk {Elaphus canadensis), mule deer {Cervus macrotis), black-tail deer (C. Uirisii), long-tail deer (C. lencurus), common deer (Virginia deer) (C. virginianus), Rocky Mountain goat {Capra americana), prong-horn antelope (Autilocapra americana), musk ox (Onios moschatus), big horn (mountain sheep) {Ovis moniana), buffalo {Bison americanus). The origin of the domestic turkey. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 288-290. Baker, P. P. Preliminary report of the forestry of the Mississippi Valley. Unnum. rpt., pp. 3-36. 1883. Forestry. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 2, pp. 181-201. 1883. The value and management of the timber lands of the United States. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 5, pp. 17-22. 1884. 21713— No. 4 2 18 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Baker, F. P. — Continued. Eeport on the condition of forests, timber culture, etc., in the Southern and Western States. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 105-118. ' 1884. Eeport by States respecting their forest condition. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 181-197. 1884. Eeport on the lumber and wood trade in certain States. Ept. For- estry, vol. 4, pp. 198-245. 1884. Baker, R. Best breeds of cattle adapted for the general farmer of the West- ern States. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 95-98. 1883. Baldwin, Albert N. [Eeport on farm croijs, etc., in Connecticut.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 177-179. Balestier, J. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Tennessee.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 521, 522. Ball, H. L. Tornado at Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania, June 27, 1892. Mo. W. E., vol. 20, p. 309. 1892. Ballard, William J. H. [Eeoort on the commerce of Hull, England.] For. Mkts. Bui. Eo. l,''pp. 103-105. 1895. Animals, cereals, daii y products, meats, cotton products, tobacco, fruits and nuts. Balthorpe, J. L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 101-104. Bane, William H. Eeport of the Superintendent of the Document and Folding Eoom. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 409, 410. n Eeport of the Superintendent of the Folding Eoom. Ag. Ept. 1894, p. 215. Bangs, John, jr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 551-553. Barcena, Mariano. The climate of the City of Mexico. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 601-611. 1896. Barker, S. A. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 401-403. Barnard, W. S. Experimental tests of machinery designed for the destruction of the cotton worm. Ent. Bui. No. 3, pp. 39-48. 1883. Machinery and devices for the destruction of the worm [cotton worm]. 4th Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 191-321, illus. 1885. Barnes, Almont. Eeport on the agriculture of South America, with maps and latest statistics of trade. Stat. Misc. Ept. No. 2, pp. 189, illus. 1892. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 19 Barret, J. On the (iultivatioii of the gooseberry to secure it from the scab. Ag. Ept. ISil, pp. 472-474. Ba'rro'ws, Walter B. The food of crows. Ag. Ept. 1888,. pp. 498-5J5. Distribution of the crow — Injury to Indian corn, wheat, and other cereals — Injury to other cereals than corn — Damage to crops — Other vegetable food of the crow — ^The distribution of noxious seeds — -Tlie crow as a destroyer of the eggs and young of poultry and wild birds — Destruction of the eggs and young of poultry — Destructit)n of eggs and young of wild birds — Insect food of the crow — The crow as an enemy to grasshoppers — Do crows eat potato beetles? — The insect food of the crow as revealed by examina- tion of stomachs — The crow as an enemy to field mice and other small quadrupeds — Miscellaneous auimal food of the crow — ^Tlie crow as a scaven- ger — Food of the fish crow — Summary of evidence from all sources — Results in detail of the examination of the stomachs of the common crow (Corvus americanus) — Results in detail of the examination of stomachs of the fish crow {Corrus osaifrag us) . The Buglish sparrow {Passer domesticus) in North America, espe- cially in its relation to agriculture. O. and M. Bui. No. 1, pp. 405, illus. 1889. Seed planting by birds. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 280-285. Economic ornithology. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 193-197. Food of the horned larks, or shore larks (Otocoris) — Summary. Food habits of the kingbird, or bee martin. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 233, 234. The present status of the San Jose scale in Michigan. Bnt. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 27-29. 1897. Notes on the malodorous carabid Nomius pygmceus. Ent. Bui. No. 9, u. s., pp. 49-53. 1897. Bairo'ws, 'Walter B., and E. A. Schwrarz. The common crow of the United States. O. and M. Bui. No. 6, pp. 98. 1895. Bartholomew, E. S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Madison County, New York.J Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 40L-411. Bartholo-w, Perry. [Eeport on the commerce of Mayence, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 2, pp. 79-83. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Bartlett, J. M. Eeport on nitrogen. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 13()-141. 1894. Eeport on nitrogen. Ohem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 106-111. 1896. A modification of the Babcock metbod and apparatus for testing milk and cream. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 104-106. 1897. Bartlett, J. M., and H. A. Huston. Soil solvents for available potash and phosphoric acid. Ohem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 91-96. 1897. Bartlett, Levi. Wheat growing in New Hampshire. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 96-104. The introduction of winter wheat into this section of New Hampshire — Bearded winter wheat — Smut and chess. 20 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Bartlett, S. M. [Letter on cost of raising wheat and corn.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 406, 407. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Monroe County, Michigan]. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 544, 645. Barton, A. H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 205-208. Barus, Carl. Eeport on condensation of atmospheric moisture. Ept. Chief W. B. 1891-92, pp. 526-528. Eeport on the condensation of atmospheric moisture. W. B. Bui- No. 12, pp. 104, illus. 1895. Barwiok, J. A. The electric storms of California. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 539, 540. 1897. Bateham, M. Abstract of the farm crops of Ohio lor 1847. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 392-394. Bateham, M. B. Dyer's madder (Rubia tinctoria). Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 456-460. Successful cultivatlou of madder in Ohio — Directions for cultivating madder. Bates, Gr. Hubert. Marine plants : Their uses, with a brief account of the curing of Irish moss. Ag. Ept. 1866, p[). 423-430. Analysis of tlie ash of three species — Carrigeen, or Irish, moss (Chondrm crispus) — Its range — Gathering and curing — Its uses. Bates, 'William W. Ship timber in the United States. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 472-497. The properties of ship timber — Kinds of ship timber used in the United States— First class or standard — Mixed woods — First class, in various parts of vessels — Description of ship timber for the various parts of a ves- sel — Mean specific gravity, weiglit, and shrinkage of green North Caro- lina white oalc, live oak, and yellow pine cut in each month of the year — The cutting and making of ship timber — The waste of wood in making timber — Eight-squaring timber recommended — The price for ship timber — The supply of ship timber — The underwriters' rules limiting the selection of ship timber — The structure and growth of trees — The preservation of ship timber from rot — Salting vessels' frames. Battle, H. B. Eeport on potash. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 144-148. 1891. On the loss of moisture iu bottled fertilizer samples when closed with cork. Chem. Bui. No. 31, p. 159. 1891. The effects of finer grinding in the preparation of fertilizer samples. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 160-162. 1891. Baturoni, Gr. A September norther on the Mexican coast. Mo. W. E., vol. 20, p. 252. 1892. Bauer, C. B. Is Texas a wine land ? Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 451, 452. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 21 Beach, Horace. Statistics on the practical work of boring artesian wells. Unnum. rpt., pp. 33-37, illns., in "Artesian wells upon the Great Plains." 1882. Eeport on artesian wells. S. Ex. Doc. ISTo. 222, pp. 141-144. 1890. Beach, Samuel. . [Report on farm crops, etc.. in Oonnecticiit.l Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 166, 167. Beal, B. A. Importance of static electricity in Weather Bureau work. W. B. Bui. No. 18, pp. 39-42. 1896. Beal, F. E. L. Food habits of the cedar bird (Ampelis cedrorwm). Ag.Ept. 1892, pp. 197-200. The crow blackbirds and their food. Y. B. 1894, pp. 233-248, illus. Geographic range — Observations regarding the diet of the crow blackbird — Examination of stomach contents — Various articles of bird diet — Grains and fruits as blackbird food — Seeds as bird food — Food of the youug — Summary. Preliminary report on the food of woodpeckers. O. and M. Bui. No. 7, pp. 7-33, illus. 1895. The meadow lark and Baltimore oriole. Y. B. 1895, pp. 419-430, illus. Food for tlie meadow lark — Food for the Baltimore oriole. The blue jay and its food. Y. B. 1896, pp. 197-206, illus. General remarks — Examination of stomach contents — Insect food — Vegeta- ble food — Experiment on a blue jay in captivity — Summary. Some common birds in their relation to agriculture. F. B. No. 54, pp. 40, illus. 1897. Beal, W. H. Barnyard manure. F. B. No. 21, pp. 32, illus. 1894. Convention of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 1896. E. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 272-278. 1896. Tenth annual convention of the Association of American Agricul- tural Colleges and Experiment Stations. E. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 541- 558. 1896. Eleventh annual convention of the Association of American Agri cultural Colleges and. Experiment Stations. E. S. E., vol. 9, pp. .303-320. 1897. Convention of Association of Official Agricultural Chemistf^. E. S. E., vol. 9, pp. 404-414. 1898. Beal, 'W. H., and J. B. McBryde. Chemistry of cotton. O. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 81-142. 1896. Beaty, Thomas A. [Eeport on Southern farm crops.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 288, 289. [Eeport on fapm crops, etc., in South Carolina.] Ag. Ept. 1852 p. 91. 22 U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Beatty, A. Sheep husbandry in Kentucky. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 1013-1016. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.J Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 525, 526. Beaumont, Mayall. Gooseberries. Ag. Ept. 1860, p. 497. Bebber, W. J. van. Present condition of the weather service; proposition for its improvement. W. B. Bui. No. 2, i>t. 1, pp. 34-67. 1894. Beck, Lev7is C. Eeport on the breadstuffs of the United States, their relative value, and the injury which they sustain by transport, warehousing, etc. Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 245-273. Second report on the breadstuffs of the United States made to the Commissioner of Patents. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 49-82, illus. General remarks upon the value of our breadstuffs — Adaptation of the soil and climate of the United States to the culture of the cereals — Export of sophisticated and damaged flour — Injury sustained hy breadstuffs during ■- their transport and shipment — Kilndrying of breadstuffs and exclusion of gr air — ^Nutritious properties of various articles of food — (Jomposition of wheat and wheat flour, and the various modes of determining their nutritive value — Weight of wheat as an iudex to its value — General conclusions from the analyses of wheat flour — Results of the analyses of wheat and wheat flour made in various States during the year 1849 — Table exhibiting the composition of various samples of American and foreign wheat flour. Beckett, S. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 291-295, Beokwith, M. H. Practical notes on the use of insecticides. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 269-275. 1891. lifotes on a corn crambid. I. L., vol. 4, p. 42. 1891. Beehler, "W. H. Eelation between tne oarometric pressure and the strength and direction of ocean currents. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 177-185. chart. 1894. The origin and work of the division of marine meteorology. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 221-232. 1895. Behn, P. "W. [Eemarks on cotton in Sicily.] Ag. Ewt. 1856, pp. 286-288. Bellet, Daniel. Agricultural development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ept. Stat. 1894, pp. 197-201. Bellet, Henry P. du. [Ejeport on the commerce of Eheims, France.] For. Mkts. Bui. - o. 3, pp. 52-67. 1895. Fresh meat, animals and- meat, wheat, fruit, liquors, tobacco, cotton, dairy products. Bellevoye, M. A. Observations on Monomorium pharaonis. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 230-233. 1890. ' rii Belmont, August. [Remarks on cotton in Netherlands.] Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 296-298. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 23 Benedict, F. G., .W. O. Atwater, and Charles D. 'Woods. Report on the preliminary investigations on the metabolism of nitrogen and carbon in the human organism, with a respiration calorimeter of special construction. O. E. S. Bui. No. 44, pp. 64, illus. 1897. Benedict, James S. [Report on the commerce of Moncton, New Brunswick.! For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 56, 57. 1895. Beneke, H. [Report on the commerce of Flensburg, Grermany.l For. Mkts. Bui. No. y, pp. 60-63. 1895. Bennet, R. H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in North Carolina.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 368-370. Bennett, J. B. Report of the Appointment Clerk. Ag. Rpt. 1895, pp. 265, 266. Report of the Appointment Clerk. Ag. Rpt. 1896, pp. 267-269. Report of the Appointment Clerk. Ag. Rpt. 1897, pp. 225, 226. A statement as to the number of employees in the Department. H. Doc. No. 275, pp. 162. 1897, Bennett, Thomas. Report of experiments [entomological] at Fenton, New Jersey. Bnt. Bui. No. 11, pp. 27-34. Tests of remedies. Benson, Benjamin. Urtica whitlowi, a substitute for hemp. Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 310, 311. Benton, Frank. Bees of great value to fruit and seed growers. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 254-256. 1892. How far do bees fly? I. L., vol. 4, pp. 319-321. 1892. The Langdon nonswarming device, I. L., vol, 5, pp. 230-235, illus. 1893. The apiarian exhibit at the Columbian Exposition. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 242-247. 1894. The honey bee : A manual of instruction in apiculture. Ent. Bui. No. 1, n. s., pp. 118, illus. 1896. Beekeeping. F. B. No. 59, pp. 32, illus. 1897. Bentz, Samuel. Important improvement in preparing wheat and other grains for flouring. Ag. Rpt, 1847, pp. 373, 374. The system is to remove the bran from the wheat berry previous to grinding. Berckmaus, L. B. Report of the American Pomological Society for New Jersey. Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 352-359. Bergami, Francis. Comparison of Pemberton's methods of phosphoric acid determi- nation with the ofQcial methods, Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 97-100, 1894. 24 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Bergroth, B. Note on the water bug found by Rev. J. L. Zabriskie. I. L., vol. 4, p. 321. 1892. Bernard, David L. [Report on farm crops, etc., in ISTew York.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 218-223. Bernhisel, John M. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Utah.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 492, 493. Berry, James. Proceedings of the second annual convention of the American Association of State Weather. Services, with brief reference to former conventions. Mo. W. R., vol. 21, pp. 228-232. 1893. Bertelli, Timotheus. The discovery of magnetic declinntion made by Christopher Colum- bus. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 486-492, 1895. Berthoud, E. L. Agricultural resources of Jefferson County, Colorado. Mo. Rpt. 1869, pp. 381-384. Beverly, Robert. Breeding and feeding of beef, and the supply of the market there- with. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 2, pp. 105-107. 1883. Biard, L. Report on the true ash in products of cane sugar manufactories •incinerated with sulphuric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 77-80. 1891. Bickett, Alesiander. Butter making. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 983, 984. Bigelow, Frank H. Report on the relations of solar magnetism to terrestrial magnet- ism and meteorology. Rpt. Cliief W. B. 1891-92, pp. 519-525. f Notes on a new method for the discussion of magnetic observa- ' tions. W. B. Bui, No. 2, pp. 40, illus. 1892. The connection between sun spots and the weather. Mo. W. R., vol. 23, pp. 91, 92. 1895. The periodic terms in meteorology due to the rotation of the sun on its axis. W. B. Bnl. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 500-510, illus. 1895. Storms, storm tracks, and weather forecasting. W. B. Bnl. No. 20, pp. 87, illus. 1897. The standard system of coordinate axes for magnetic and mete orological observations and computations. Mo. W. R., vol. 25, pp. 201-204. 1897. Meteorological observations made to determine the probable state of the sky at several stations along the path of the total eclipse of sun. May 28, 1900. Mo. W. R., vol. 25, pp. 394, 395. 1897. Bigelow, W. D., and K. P. McElroy. Report of investigations and analyses of canned vegetables, Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 8, pp. 1022-1167. 1893. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 25 Billings, J. S., and Edward Curtis. Report of results of examinations of fluids of diseased cattle with reference to presence of cryptogamic growths. Dis. Cattle, pp. 174-190, illus. 1869. Report of results of examinations of fluids of diseased cattle with reference to presence of cryptogamic growths. l>is. Cattle, pp. 156-170, illus. 1871. Bingham, "W. J. [Report on farm crops, etc., in North Carolina.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 375-377. Bird, "W. N. D. Ergotism in Kansas. 12th and 13th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 317, 318. 1897. Birkheimer, William B. Sketch of the work of the Signal Service Bureau for the agricul- turist. Unnum. rpt., pp. 110-114, in " Proceedings." 1882. - Sketch of the work of the Signal Service Bureau for the agricul- turist. Misc. Spl. Rpt. So. 9, pp. 191-190. 1885. Bissell, G. "W. Shopwork instruction at the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames, Iowa. O. B. S. Bui. No. 20, pp. 65-67, 1894. Bixby, William H. Report on wood creosote oil. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 99-103. 1887. Black, WUliam J. [Report on the commerce of Nuremberg, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 2, pp. 72-77. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, canned meats, toli.icco, frnits, alcoholic liiiuors, seeds. Blackmar, O. B. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 148-186. Black-well, Henry B. Beet sugar in Maine. Spl. Rpt. No. 61, pp. 26, 27. 1883. Blaisdell, F. E. Notes on the habits of some S])ecies of Coleoptera observed in San Diego County, California. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 33-36. 1892. Blanchard, H. Woolgrowing, wool depots, etc. Ag, Rpt, 1849, pp. 244-251, What the prevailing races? — What the average weight of fleece of different races? — What is the cost of Iteeping sheep througli the year, per head?— What is the condition of this branch of industry ?— Where are yonr mar- kets?— The effects produced on wool by keeping of sheep— On washing and shearing. . Blaney, James V. Z. Analysis of prairie soil. Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 488-490. Elanford, W. F. H. Notes on Scolytidai and their food plants. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 260- 265, 1894. 26 U. S. DEPAETMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Bleclynder, A. H. Eheea fiber. Mo. Ept. 1870, p. 227. Blight, George. The value of the Guenon system. Misc. Spl. Ept. I^o. 2, p. 233. 1883. Bliss, Edward. Territory of Colorado : Its soil— Its climate— its mineral products and resources. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 154-157. The great American desert— The pastoral region— Agricultiiral resources of Colorado— Irrigation— The climate— Mineral products— Improvements. Blodget, Lorin. Agricultural climatology of the United States compared with that of other jiarts of the globe. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 328-432. Forest cultivation on the Plains. Ag. Ept. 1872, pp. 316-332. The climate and cultivable capacity of the plains considered in regard to the ameliorations possible through greater production by forests— Propor- tion of rainfall thrown off in surface drainage. Blount, A. E. Improvement of the cereals. Unnum. rpt., pp. 104-107, in " Pro- ceedings." 1882. Bine, John H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Missouri.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 449- 452. Boardman, Samuel L. Some outlines of the agriculture of Maine. Ag. Ept, 1862, pp. 39-59. The farm stock of Maine — The dairy — The hay crop, grass lands and pas- tures — The cereals— Fruit culture — Maple sugar and sirup -Eish and iish breeding — Marine manures — Associative efforts and legislative action for the encouragement of agriculture. Sheep husbandry in the West. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 286-299. Summer management — Winter management. The climate, soil, physical resources, and agricultural capabilities of the State of Maine, with special reference to the occupation of its new lands. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 3, pp. 60. 1884. The tidal lands and diked marshes of ISTova Scotia and New Bruns- wick. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 7, pp. 33-61, illus. 1885. Bodiker, T. The German Empire. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 266-273. Geography and chorography — Climate — Soil — Land tenure — Tillage, live stock, etc. — Forestry — Population — Transportation and trade — Military establishment — Taxation — Local government — Education. BoUey, H. L. Cheese-curd inflation : Its relation to the bacterial flora of foremilk, O. E. S. Bui. No. 30, pp. 78-82. 1896. BoUman, Lewis. Indian corn. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 262-288. The value of the corn crop — The internal trade dependent on the corn crop — The export trade of corn and its products — The cultivation of corn as an exhausting crop considered — In what way does the cultivation of corn exhaust tlie soil? — Of the action of mold in the production of crops — From what source do plants derive moisture in times of drought? — How mold may best be restored to the soil — The different kinds of corn — The proper manner of saving seed — Implements — Brealcing up — Harrowing — Laying off — i'lantiug — Cultivation — Cutworms — Moles — Thinning out — Har- vesting. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 27 Bollman, Levris — Continued. The wheat plant. Ag. Rpt. 1862, pp. 65-95. The wheat region of the United Stiites— The influence of railroads on wheat producing — The present and future market for American wheat — The best soils for wheat production— Cultivation— Harvesting. Cultivation of the sorghum. Ag. Rpt. 1862, pp. 140-147. General character of the soil — The number, quality, etc., of the specimens — The proper mode of growing the sorghum — What, then, constitutes a well- ripened sorghum cane? — How long may the cane be kept after being cut up? Report o. agricultural statistics. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 597-621. The plan adopted for the annual collection of the yield of the crops and the amount of farm stock, by the Agricultural Department, with a notice of that in use in England and Prussia — The harvest in the several provinces of Gassia — Tables of the amounts, etc., of the products of the loyal States — Table relating to farm stock — Tables of imports and exports and of the exports of the principal agricnltnral products from New York and their prices; of the receipts, shipments, and prices of them at Chicago and New York; of the imports of wheat by Great Britain and of our exports of provisions; of hogs and cattle at Chicago, and of the hog crop and prices nt Cincinnati — Chicago and Northwestern agriculture — Pork and cattle trade of Chicago — The pork packing of the West. The hop plant. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 97-110. Import of hops by Great Britain — Export of hops by the United States — Knemies and diseases — Soil and manure — The location and management of the hop grounds — Cultivation of the hop plant — Picking, drying, and packing. Report of agricultural statistics. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 564-005. Letter of the Statistician to the Commissioner of Agriculture — Tables show- ing the condition of the crops for 1864 — Summary for each State, showing the amount, the number of acres, and the value of each crop for 1864 — Tables showing the number, price, and value of live stock in each State — Imports and exports of New York — Exports of specie from New York and San Francisco — The national debt — The taxes on manufHCtures — Exports and prices of farm produce — Tables showing the value of the currency — Imports of foreign wool at New York during the years 1863 and 1864 — Wool product of California — Wool product of the Atlantic loyal States — Live stock for food — California wines. The industrial colleges : The nature of the education to be given in them; their several kinds and courses of instruction considered. Spl. Rpt. (unnum.), pp. 24. 1864. Silk cultivation. Ag, Rpt. 1872, pp. 304-316. Causes that made this condition favorable — The past and present prices of raw silk — The experience of other nations against large investments — The present condition of silk production in California — How best can silk culture be established here? — Directions for the experienced silk grower — Atmospheric conditions — The mulberry plants — The silkworms — The pro- duction of eggs — Buildings. Bolton, B. Meade. Report on epidemic diseases among swine. 6th and 7th Rpts. B. A. I., pp., 135-137. 1891. Bond, Samuel, and John Pope. [Report on farm crons, etc., in Arkansas.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 171-174. Bondurant, Thomas M. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 301- 305. 28 C S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Bonsall, Spencer. Tea: Its culture and manufacture; with directions for the soil, character of climate, etc., adapted to th(i culture of the plant in the United States, from practical experience, acquired by a resi- dence of six years in Assam. Ag. Kpt. 1860, pp 446-467, illus. Bonson, Joseph. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in St. Croix County, Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 549-551, Bonynge, Frank. Tea cultivation — Assam, India. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 170-179. Preliminary remarks — The inhabitants of the forest — The natives of Assam — Soil fit for toa — Prodnce of the plant and age — Estimate of expenses and returns on a cultivation of 1,250 acres — Tea culttire in China — Introduction into America. Boone, William. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Tennessee.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 311- 313. I Booth, Bdvrin G. : [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 311- 314, ; Booth, James C. Practical value of the analysis of soils. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 49-57. Booth, William L. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 309, 310. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 284, 285. , Borgen, C. ■ The international polar expeditions, 1882-83. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 469-485. 1895. Bos, J. Ritzema. Phytomyza affinis as a cause of decay in clematis. I. L., vol. 6, pp, 92,93. 1893. Aphelenchns olesistus, a nematoid worm, cause of leaf sickness in begonia and asplenium. I, L., vol. 6, pp. 161-163, 1893, Bosse, Bagene. Flax culture in the Northwest. Fiber Rpt. No. 4, pp. 40-43. 1892. Flax culture in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Fiber Ept. No. 4, pp. 43-46. 1892. Bossert, Frederick. Wine. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 156-158. The nianufacture of grape, blackberry, and other frnit wines, on Gall's method, with a few remarks on the cultivation of the grapevine in Germany, France, and the United States. Bossin, M. On the gigantic spurry. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 979, 980. Bourne, John H. System of farm accounts. Ag. Rpt, 1865, pp. 502-509. Inventory of farm stock, tools, etc., April 1, 1865— Journal— Cash book- torn held— Carrots— Onions— Beef account— Grocer's account— Butcher's account. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 29 Bourne, Silvanus. [Reijort on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, p. Bowhill, Thomas. Anthrax and Southern fever among California cattle. 4th and 6th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 443-450. 1889. Bowie, W. W. 'W. Prize essay on the culture and management of tobacco. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 318-324. Culture and management of tobacco. Ag. Rpt. 1867, pp. 179-184. Selection and preparation of the soil — Transplanting the plants — Cultivating the plants — Cutting and curing — The old system of growing tobacco — The new system of growing tobacco. BoTwlsby, George 'W. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 410, 411. Bo-wmau, John. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 196- Boyce, Henry. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Louisiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1847, pp. 389- 391. Boyd, S. S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 309- 310. Boyer, C. B. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 290- 293. Boyer, C. R. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 462- 464. Boyesen, Otto H. [Report on the commerce of Gothenburg, Sweden.] For. Mkts. Bui. 'So. 8, pp. 86-91. 1896. Boynton, Henry. Spanish Merinos and their management. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 196-203, illus. Their antiquity — The demand for them — Management of sheep in winter — Water — Their food — Feeding turnips — Feeding grain — Eegularity of feed- ing — Docking lambs — Their management in summer. Brackett, G. B. Report of the Pomologist. Ag. Rpt. 1897, pp. 147-151. Bradford, L. J. The culture and management of tobacco. Ag. Rpt.' 1863, pj). 87-91. Hemp culture. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 91-95. Culture of seed — Preparation of land — Putting in the crop — Ripening and harvesting. Essay on the culture and management of tobacco. Mo. Rpt., Jan.- Feb., 1864, pp. 26-30. 30 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Bradley, J. N. Swiue and fowl industry of Missouri, aud annual loss by disease. 2d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 418-423. 1886. Cattle interests west of the Mississippi. 2d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 424ML28. 1886. Bradley, R. A general trealjise on husbandry and gardening, with a variety of curious cuts. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 100, 101, illus. Brady, John P. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 194-196. Brady, Joseph. On chess in wheat. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 650-652. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 300-307. Brainerd, J. History of American inventions for cultivation by steam. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 253-263, illus. Braman, Milton F. Agricultural education. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 31-37. Branner, John C. Preliminary report of observations upon insects injurious to cotton, orange, aud sugar cane in Brazil. Ent. Bui. No. 4, pp. 63-69. 1884. ; Cotton caterpillars iu Brazil. 4th Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 49-54, appx. V. 1885. Branner, John C. Eeport on road-making materials in Arkansas. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 4, pp. 11. 1894. Branner, Joseph C. Cotton in the empire of Brazil: The antiquity, methods, and extent of its cultivation, together with statistics of exportation and home consumption. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 8, pp. 79. 1885. Breakenridge, W. M. Eesources of Maricopa County, Arizona. 8. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 431-434. 1890. Breed, Daniel. Eecent inventions for insect destruction. Ag. Ept. 1876, pp. 323- 325, illus. Brefeld, Oskar. Eecent investigations of smut fungi and smut diseases. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 1-8, 59-71, 153-164. 1890. BreTver, William H. Suggested experiments in breeding. O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 162- 164. 1893. Suggested experiments in breeding. E. S. E., vol. 4, pp. 458-460. 1893. INDEX TO AUTHOES. 31 Brewster, James N, . A plan for the use of convict labor. Road Inn, J Jul. No. 16, pp. 7- 9. 1895, '^^ Briggs, Lyman J. The mechanics of soil moisture. Soils Bui. No. 10. pp. 24, illus, 1897. ' Briggs, Lyman J., and Milton Whitney. An electrical method of determining the temperature of soils. Soils Bui, No. 7, pp. 15. 1897. Briggs, Lyman J., Milton Whitney, and Frank D. Gardner. An electrical method of determining the moisture content of arable soils. Soils Bui. JSTo. 6, pp. 26, illus. 1897. Brillouin, Marcel. Winds and clouds. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 437-439, illus. 1897. Atmospheric electricity : Its origin, variations, and perturbations. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 440-442. 1897. Brobst, Joseph, and Admiral B. Miller. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., ia Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 342-344. Brooks, Henry. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 343, 344. Brooks, Obed, jr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 331-333. Broivn, A. Gr. [Eemarks on sheep raising.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 365, 366. Brown, Cicero. [Eeport on the commerce of Havre, France.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 3, pp. 43-45. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Brown, B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 532-534. Brovrn. J. A. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 459-462. Brown, J. N. * [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Louisiana.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 167-170. Brown, J. P. Eeport on the forests of Washington Territory. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 388-393. 1884. Brow^n, Ryland T. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1871, pp. 89-101. Analysis of commercial manures — Nitrophosphate of lime — Phosphatic blood guano — Cotton-bale brand superphosphate — Double refined poudrette — Coe's ammoniated boue superphosphate — Superphosphate — Masse's nitro- genized superphosphate of lime — Analysis of miscellaneous substances — Tuckahoe, or Indiau bread— Virginia sumac — Ilex cassina, or Carolina tea — Ashes from spent tan bark — Analysis of soils. 32 U. S. DEPARTMENT -OF AGRICULTUKE. Bro'wrD, Ryland T.— Coutinuotl. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Kpt. 1872, pp. 76-79. Woody fiber of plauts— Orange culture— Wood aslies— Boues and bone meal — German potash. Chemical notes. Mo. Rpt. 1872, pp. 137-142. Sulphur in mineral coal — Ohio linjestoiies — Artificial water lime — Germina- tion; its relation to light — Carbolic acid as a disinfectant — Available nitrogen — Formulai for fertilizers. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1872, pp. 138-158. Natural fertilizers — Miscelliineous analyses — Expeiiiiients to determine the influence of growing vegetation on temperature— The wastes of cities and towns — Beet sugar. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 218-222. Analysis of commercial fertilizers — Beet sugar. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 307-313. Examiniitidu of marls— Mineral constituents of wheat — Production of nitro- gen compounds in soils — Constituents of stubble — Carbolic acid from liviug vegetation — Absorption of water by.leaves— Composition of cream — The value of human excrement as a fertilizer. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 371-381. Laboratory work — Soil temperature — Influence of vegetable mold on soils — Utilization of sawdust — Assimilation of crops — Increased consumption of sugar — Respiration of fishes — Bismuth — Milk — Eucalyptus globulus — Printing cloth — Aluminum coins — Cooking utensils — Nitrate of ammonia in respiration— Production of ozone iu the air— Paper lamp shades — Non«- inflamujable fabrics — Cliromium steel — Progress of chemistry — Chlora- lum^-Wastes of cities (embodying letter from James Alexander Manning). Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 440-446. Laboratory work — Sulphur — Welding copper — Zinc labels — Artificial mar- ble — Artificial butter — Potassium by a new method — Phosphoric acid — Osage orange — Ett'ect of atmospheric pressure — Topographical measure- ments in the West — Preserving action of boraoic acid — Spontaneous com- bustion of wood — The value of girondin as a disinfectant — Tests for silk goods — Preservation of wood— Sensitive streams — Dying veneer wood. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 500-505. Analyses — Value of city wastes — Absoriitiou of ammonia by charcoal — The black soil of Russia — Observations on the sun's rays — Influence of alcohol ou animal beat — Cultivation of cinchona trees in .lava — Paper from wood— Ammonia from bituminous coal —Improvements in street ears — Native sul- phur — Uniform standard of measure — Efl'ects of compressed air on com- bustion. The organization of agriculture. TJnuum. rjjt., pp. 108-110, in " Proceedings." 1882. BroTwn, Simon. ^ On the value and uses of swamp muck. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 182-198. Farmers' gardens. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 337-366. Location of the giirden— Proper soil fcir the garden— Shelter for gardens- Hotbeds for farmers' gardens — Culture ofvegetables iu the garden— Fruit in the garden — Strawberries — Raspberries— Grapes— Raising, gathering, aiul preserving seeds for the gardeu— What soil is best for the production of good seed — What time to sot seed-plants or sow seeds — What plants are injured by intormixture— What part of the.stem produces the best seed- When should seeds be gathered and how preserved— Time that seeds will retain their vitality — Flowers in the garden. Brown, Simon, and Joseph Reynolds. Manures and their application. Ag. Rpt. 1865, pp. 368-395. Composition of manures— The sources of manure— Preparation of manure- Liquid manure — Special manures — Guano — Composition of guano — How and when to apply guano — Bones and superphosphates of lime — Salt- peter— Poudrettes-The application of manures. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 33 Brown, T. A. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 69-73. Brown, W. G., and Arthur Goss. Eeport on soils and ash. Ohem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 80-90. 1897. Brown, "W. L. [Presidential address before Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, held at New Orleans, Louisi- ana, November 15-19, 1892,1 O. E. S. Bnl. No. 16, pp. 58-66. 1893. Browne, D. J. Domestic animals. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 1-58. Eeport on the seeds and cuttings recently introduced into the United States. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. x-xxxv. Domestic animals. Ag. Ep. 1854, pp. 1-58. Guauo : Its history, sources, qualities, and application. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 90-102. Light and shade : Their influence on vegetation. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 109-112. Eotation of crops. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 119-121. Wheat diseases. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 136-138. Potatoes : Production of new varieties from seed. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 162, 163. Algerian mode of preserving potatoes. Ag. Ept. 1854, p. 165, illus. The Chinese yam. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 169-174, illus. Turnips: Their history and culture. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 197-207. Eesearches on the Sorgho sucre. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 219-223, illus. Live fences. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 393-418, illus. Planting and management of quickset hedges — General remarks on the for- mation and treatment of hedges— Trees and shrubs usually employed for hedges: Alaternus (narrow-leafed) (Ehamnus alaternus angustifolia), arbor- vitae {'Thuja ocoidentaHs), evergreen hox (Buxtts sempervirens), furze ( Ulex europnus), European holly (Ilex aquifoKum), American holly (Ilex opaca), Irish ivy {Hedera helix vegeia), juniper or white cedar (Cnpressus ihyoides), laurel or sweet hay (Laurus noMlis), laurestinus (Viburnum tinus), common myrtle (Myrtus communis), evergreen oak (Quercus ilex), wild orange (Cerasus oaroliniana), broad-leafed phillyrea (PMUyrea lati- folia), privet (Zigustrum vulgare), Cherokee rose (Eosa laevigata), wild rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Spanish bayonet (Yucca aloifoUo), hem- lock spruce (AMes canadensis), Norway spruce fir (AWes excelsa), yew (Taxus baecata), ailantus (Ailantus glandulosa), European alder (Alnus glutinosa), altha'a frutex (Hibiscus sgriaous), prickly ash (Zanthoxylum fraxineum), beach plum (Prunus maritima), European beacli (Fagus syl- vaiica), American red beech (Fagus ferruginea), barberry or pipperidge (Berberi's vulgaris), West Indian birch (Bursera gumnifera), European white birch (Betula alba), European bramble (Rubus fruticosus), purging buck- thorn (Rhamnus cathartiens), sea buckthorn (Hippophce rhamnoides), caper bush (Capparii spinosa), chinquapin (Castanea pumila), Christ's thorn (Paliwus aouleatus), hawthorn (Cratcegus oxyacantha), European hornbeam (Carpinua betulus), American hornbeam (Garpinus americana), European larch (Larix europoea), lilac (Syringa vulgaris), honey locust Gledilschia triacanihos), European field maple (Acer campestve), Italian may (Spirwa hypericifoUa), white mulberry (Morus alba), European oak (Quercus sessi- flora), osage orange (Madura aurantiaoa), pear tree (Pi/rus commnnifi), Lotnbardy poplar (Populus fastigiata), cultivated and wild rose, sweet- brier (Rosa rubignosa), sloe or blackthorn (Prunxis spinosa), Washington thorn (Crataegus cordata), willow (Salix caprea). 21713— No. 4 3 34 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Bro'wne, D. J. — Continued. On the use of water passing through leaden pipes. Ag. Ept. 1854, p. 422. Proposed rule for measuring bushels. Ag. Rpt. 1854, pp. 421, 422. Protection of buildings from lightning. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 472-475. Eeport on the seeds and cuttings recently obtained by the Patent Office, with suggestions as to the expediency of introducing others. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. x-LXiii. Influences of the change of soil or climate on animals, and of the variation of their food. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 1-8, illus. The points by which live cattle may be judged. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 8-13. Devon cattle, Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 13-15. The cattle of Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 15-19, The horses of France. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 31-33. The horses of Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 34-38, Sheep farming in Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 43-49. Introduction of the cashmere-shawl goat, Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 54-57. The swine of Eussia, Ag. Ept. 1855, p. 60. Bee culture in Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 120, 121. On the drainage of Haarlem Lake, with suggestions on its applica- bility to overflowed lands in the United States. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 122-128. On the purification of cities and towns : The deodorization of their fecal matter and its removal and conversion into manure. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 129-142. Export of corn to Europe. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 155-163, Wheat: The production of new varieties by cross-fecundation, Ag. Ept. 1855, pp, 181-186, On the selection, change, preparation, and sowing of wheat seed, Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 186-191. The Chinese yam. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 223, 224. History and results of the culture of cotton in British India. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 226-230. Flax and hemp culture in Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 238-241, Tobacco culture in Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 266, 267. Failure of the sugar cane in Louisiana : Proposed plan of restora- tion. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 268-277. The common caper {Gapparis spinosa). Ag. Ept. 1855, p. 285. The cotton districts of the globe considered with reference to their climates. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 317-335. On the nutrition and economy of digestion of domestic animals. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 1-13. Arden horses, Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 14. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 35 Browne, D. J.— Coutlnuecl. Sheep : Origin, history, and habits. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 14-18. Southdown sheep. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 18-21. Wheat: The proper time for reaping. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 246, 247. Production of new varieties of wheat by cross-fecundation. Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 247. Potatoes: Proposed remedy against disease. Ag. Ept. 1856. pp. 248-250. Tlie Chinese yam [Bioscorea batatas). Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 251, 252. Calcareous manures. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 201-246, illus. Chalk, chloride of calcium, chloride of lime, gas lime, hydrate of lime, nitrate of lime, oxalate of lime, phosphate of lime, biphosphate of lime, earth of bones, or bone earth, native phosphate of lime, gypsum, or sul- phate of lime, clay marls, stony marls, shell marls, coral ami coral sand, coprolites, carbonate of magnesia, chloride of magnesia, nitrate of mag- nesia, phosphate of magnesia, silicates of magnesia, sulphate of magnesia. Crystallization of the juice of the Sorgho sucre. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 309-313. General principles of wine making. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 439-445. Strawberries: Fall and winter management. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 448, 449. Peabody's new Hautbois strawberry. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 449, 450. Terrestrial or underground climate. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 492-495. Progress and public encouragement of agriculture in Eussia, Prus- sia, and the United States. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 1-50. Adaptation of the English draft horse for city or town worli. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 51-53. The llama and alpaca: Their geographical distribution, organiza- tion, food, habits, and probable adaptation to certain regions of the United States. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 66-71. Nature and habits of the honeybee. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 107-121. Persian insect powder. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 129, 130. Eeport of the United States Agricultural Society. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 181-183. Cultivation of the cranberry. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 237-239. The cotton manufactures of the United States. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 305-307. Lunar influence. Ag. Ept. 1857, p. 550. The history, industry, and commerce of flax. Ag. Ept. 1831 , pp. 21-83. Physiological and chemical properties— Hygiene— History, production, and commerce — Flax in Eussia in Europe — Itshistory and progress in Russia- Culture and preparation of flax in Russia— Sorting, packing, and convey- ance to market of flax in Eussia — Commerce of Russia in flax — Flax in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland— History and progress of flax culture in Ireland — The culture and preparation of flax in Ireland— The Conrtrai system of growing flax — Processes of preparation of the flax plant in Ireland— Flax in Great Britain— Trade and commerce of the United Kingdom in the products of the flax plant. 36 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. BroTviie, Orris A. Good roads. O. E. S. Bui. IvTo. 14, pp. 24-27. 1893. Browne, P. A. On sheep breeding. Ag. Bpt. 1851, pp. 75-96. Browning, Lewis, jr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 420, 421. Bruce, James C. .[Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 340 344. Bruner, Lawrence. » Notes on locusts and on the Western cricket. 3d Ept. Eut.Oom., pp. 53-64. 1883. Eeport of observations in the Northwest on the Eocky Mountain locust. Ent. Bui. No. 2, pp. 7-22. 1883. The Eocky Mountain locust in Wyoming, Montana, etc., in 1881. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 21-52. 1883. Notes from Nebraska. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 398-403. Observations on the Eocky Mountain locust during the summer of 1883. Ent. Bui. No. 4, pp. 51-62. 1884. Eeport on the abundance of the Eocky Mountain locust in 1885. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 303-307. Eeport on locusts in Texas during the spring of 1886. Ent. Bui. No. 13, pp. 9-19. 1887. Eeport on Nebraska insects. Ent. Bui. No. 13, pp. 33-37. 1887. Eeport on the season's observations in Nebraska [entomological]. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 164-170. Eeport on Nebraska insects. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 139-141. Plum weevils, codling motb, cabbage butterflies, army worm, willow saw- fly, Cottonwood leaf-beetle, box-elder plant louse, uiaple-tree caterpillars, corn-root worm. Notes on the Eocky Mountain locust. 1. L., vol. 1, pp. 65-67. 1888. Gicindela linibata. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 144, 145. 1889. Eeport on a local outbreak of grasshoppers in Idaho. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 135-141. 1890. Eeport on Nebraska insects. Ent. Bui. No. 22, pp. 95-106. 1890. False chinch bugs — Cutworms — Army worm — Green-lined maple worm — Blue- grass weevil— Corn-root worm (Diabrotica longicornis) — Ijisects detrimental to the growth of young trees on "tree claims" in Nebraska and otlier portions of the West — Locusts, or grasshoppers. Eeport on Nebraska insects. Ent. Bui. No. 23, pp. 9-18. 1891. Green-striped maple worm {Anisota ruHeunda) — Locusts, or grasshoppers — Beet insects (list) — Remedies that can be used against beet insects. Notes on beet insects. 1. L., vol. 3, pp. 229, 230, 1891. Phosphorescent myriopods. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 319-321. 1891. Destructive locusts of North America, together with notes on the occurrences in 1891. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 18-24. 1891. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 37 Bruner, La-wrrence — Continued. Report on insect depredations in Nebraska in 1891. Bnt. Bui. No. 26, pp. 9-12. 1892. Report on destructive locusts. Ent. Bui. No. 27, pp. 9-33. 1892. Locust pest in Colorado — Locust pest in tlie Red River Valley of North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba — Migratory locusts in Minnesota in 1891 — Locust pest in Idaho — Destructive Western crickets — Locust injuries in other regions during the summer of 1891. The more destructive locusts of America north of Mexico. Bnt. Bui. No. 28, pp. 40, illus. 1893. American locust (Schistocerca americana), large green hush locust {Aeridmm Shoshone), small green locust {A. frontalis), long-winged forest locust (Dendrotettix longipennis), differential locust (Melanoplus differentialis), robust locust {M. rohustiis), two-striped locust (M. Mvittatus), detestable locust {M.fcedus), devastating locust (M. devastator), narrow-winged locust {M. angustipennis), herbaceous locust {M. herbaceous). Rocky Mountain locust {Af. spretus), lesser migratory locust (M. atalnis), red-legged locust (M. femnr-rubrum), lead-colored locust {M. plumbeus), Pezotettix enigma, pellucid- winged locnst ( Camnula pellucida), long- winged locust (Dissosteira longipennis), pale-winged locust (D. obliterata). Report npon insect injuries in Nebraska during the summer of 1892. Bnt. Bui. No. 30, pp. 34-41. 1893. Destructive locusts, beet insects, chinch-bug notes, miscellaneous insects. Description of new species of Orthoptera from the Death Valley Expedition. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 266-268. 1893. A new species of Pezotettix. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 41, 42. 1894. Report on iniurious insects in Nebraska aud adjoining districts. Ent. Bui. No. 32, pp. 9-21. 1894. Grasshopper report for 1895. Ent. Bui. No. 7, n. s., pp. 31-35. 1897. Grasshopper report for 1896. But. Bui. No. 7, n. s., pp. 36-30. 1897. Brunson, Alfred. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 188-191. Bryant, A. P., and Almah J. Frisby. The composition of different parts of the potato and the loss of nutrients during the process of boiling. O. E. S. Bui. No. 43, pp. 25-31, illus. 1897. Buchanan, R. On the culture of the grape. Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 614-617. Selecting aud preparing the ground — Planting — Pruning — Culture — Wine making — Fermentation— Statistics — Vine culture at Cincinnati. Buck, Norman. Improved Minnesota flour. Ag. Rpt. 1875, pp. 388-390. Buckisch, William. Bee culture. Ag. Rpt. 1860, pp. 268-301, illus. Buckley. S. B., The grapes of North America. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 478-486. Bufium, David. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Rhode Island.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 169, 170. 38 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF A6EICULTUEE. BufiTum, David — Coutiuiied. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ehode Island.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 147, 148. Bugbee, B. L. Instructions to operators on the United States seacoast telegraph lines. W. B. unnum. rpt., pp. 24, illus. Bunnell, W. ViT. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 429- 431. Blinzli, J. H. Combating the potato blight. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 78, 79. 1890. Burchard, Oscar. The object and methods of seed investigatiou and the establish- ment of seed-control stations. E. S. E., vol. 4, pp. 793-801, 882- 900, illus. 1893. Burgess, Bd-ward, and Charles SedgM7ick Minot. On the anatomy of aletia. 4th Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 45-58, illus. 1885. Burgyn, H. Improvement of worn-out lands by the use of peas and clover. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 400-402. Burke, Bdmund. Eeport on Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 84-238. Tabular estimatep by States of the crops for 1847 and remarks thereoD — Incidental discussion, with reference to agriculture, of state of the world abroad, the war, emigration from Europe, sale of pubjio lands, purpose of agricultural knowledge and improvement, agricultural journals, agri- cultural societies and farmers' clubs — Eenjarks on the season — Wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, corn, potatoes, potato rot, hay, hemp, flax, tobacco, cotton, rice, silk, sugar, and briefer paragraphs on many other products. Eeport of the Commissioner of Patents. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 3-17. Annual report to Hon. E. C. Winthrop, Speaker of the House of Eepresenta- tives, embodying a report on the distribution of seeds. Burn, A. Cultivation of cotton in India. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 760-762. Burney, W. B. Eeport on phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 153-160. 1890. Burnham, Bliphaz. [Eeport on farm Crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 388-390. Burnson, Alfred. Well digging. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 14-19. Burrill, T. J., and E. O. Shakespeare. Eeport on the United States board of inquiry concerning epidemic diseases among swine. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 129-135. 1891. Burrough, Edward. State aid to road building in New Jersey. Eoad Inn. Bui. No. 9, pp. 20. 1894. [Address of welcome to jSTational Eoad Conference, July 5, 1894.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 6, 7. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 39 Burrough, Edward— Continued. [Address on road improvement.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 10-13. 1894. Bush, L. P. [Eeport of tlie American Pomological Society for Delaware.! Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 363-375. Bushnell, P. [Report on farm crops, etc., m Pennsylvania.1 Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 455-461. Butler, Burr. [Report on farming operations.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 464-467.' Buysson, H. du. Fumigation with bisulphide of carbon for the complete and rapid destruction of the insects which attack herbarium specimens, furs, woolens, etc. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 159-161. 1893. .Byram, H. P. An essay on the culture and manufacture of silk. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 440-452. Propagation of tlie mulberry — Feeding apartments — Fixtures — Description of the silkworm — Time of hatching — Rearing — Killing the crysalides — Succession of crops — Preservation of eggs — Diseases of the silkworm — Reeling — Manufacture of perforated cocoons. Caban, 'Williain. On bear grass. Ag. Ept. 1847, p. 424. A report on comparison of bear grass with manila for making cordage for Cadby, Stephen. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 310, 311. Cailletet, Ii. Photographic apparatus for measuring the altitudes attained by balloons. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 443, 444. 1897. Caldwell, G. C. The experiment station as the educator of the farmer. TJnnum. rpt., pp. 20-25, in " Proceedings." 1882. Eeport on the analysis of cattle foods. Ohem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 79-90. 1890. Call, Robert R. [Eeport on the commerce of Newcastle, Naw Brunswick.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 59. 1895. Callender, C. W. Potato raising in Tennessee. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 657-659. Calohan, "W. S. Eaising sheep and woolgrowing. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 119-124. Calvert, E. B. How the Weather Bureau disseminates forecasts and warnings. Ept. Chief W. B. 1895-96, xxii, xxiii. Calvert, J. C, J. H. Kastle, and Paul Marvin. On the action of oxalic acid, silicates, and soil. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 53-58. 1894. 40 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Calvert, S., H. B. Gibson, and D. TV. May. Dietary studies at the University of Missouri in 1895, and data relating to bread and meat consumption in Missouri. O. E. S. Bui. No. 31, pp. 20. 1896. Cameron, Alice F. Fruit culture iu Arizona. S. Ept. So. 928, pt. 3, pp. 463-466. 1890. Campbell, George. Woolgrowing. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 156-161. Campbell, George H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in California.] 1851, pp. 476-478. Campbell, George W. The grape and its improvement by hybridizing, crossbreeding, and seedlings. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 209-220. Campbell, James. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Jersey.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 167-174. Campbell, Peter. [Eeport on the commerce of Arichat, Nova Scotia.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 53, 54. 1895. Campbell Robert. Thermometrical observations at Olarksville, Georgia. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 643-645. Campbell, Samuel W. Condition of the live-stock industry of Wisconsin. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 321-348. 1891. Campbell, William L. [Eeport on the commerce of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 69-72. 1895. Live stoot, cereals, dairy products, canned goods, bacon, etc. Campbell-Hempvrorth, M. W. Aurora australis of April 20. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, p. 204. 1897. Cape, Joseph. Sheep breeding. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 128-130. Capron, Horace. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 1-15, illus. Thorough draining and deep culture the basis of improvement in agricul- ture — S team pK) wing — Silk — Sugar — New libers— Grape culture and wine- Southern agriculture — Department operations — Finances. Condition of the Department. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 16, 17. Propagatinggarden— Experimental farm— Statistical information— The Agri- cultural Museum — The laboratory of the Department — Organization, etc. Letter relative to the manufacture of beet sugar. H. Misc. Doc. No. 84. 1868. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 1-14. Agricultural education — Systematic agriculture— Southern agriculture- Canadian reciprocity — International exchanges — ^Diseases of farm stock- Grapes and wine— Subtropical fruits— Cinchona planting— The Statistical Division— The Chemical Division— Entomology — The Museum— Experi- mental garden — Department grounds and arboretum — Cultivation of rural taste — Distribution of seeds — Financial. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 41 Capron, Horace— Continued. Beet-root sugar. Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 59-61. Text of letter to Hon. S. M. Cullom. Eeport in response to House resolution of December 9, 1867, instructing- tlie Commissioner to report on "the condition of the Department of Agriculture and what legislation is necessary to enable him to so reorganize the Department as to place it iipon a footing commensurate with the vast interest committed to its charge." H. Ex. Doc. Xo. 91, pp. 11. 1868. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1869, pp. 5-19. Mental culture — Renewal of Canadian reciprocity— The ■wool industry — The census of 1870 — Southern agriculture — The wheat culture — Holding non- productive lands unprotitahle— Ramie — Cinchona — International ex- changes — The library — Diseases of stock — The annual report — Chemical Division — The 5[nseura — The Botanical cnllection^Botanical explora- tions — The experimental garden — Distrihutlon of seeds — The Department grounds— Insufficiency of clerical compensation— Financial. [Address before the Montgomery County (Maryland) Agricultural Society, September 14, 1870.] Mo. Ept. 1870, pp. 351-353. [Address before the Illinois State Agricultural Society, September 28, 1890.] Mo. Ept. 1870, pp. 420-426. [Address before the Congress of the Cotton States, at Augusta, Georgia, October, 1870.] Mo. Ept. 1870, pp. 473-476. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 5-15. Industrial education — Steam plowing — Silk culture — Government planta- tions of cinchona trees— Department operations — The Statistical Divi- sion — Cattle diseases — Entomology — The Agricultural Museum — Botanical collections — The Library — The Department grounds — The new conserva- tory — Distribution of seeds — Financial. Agriculture in Japan. Ag. Ept. 1873, pp. 364-374. Farmers, rice, wheat, barley, cotton, tobacco, sugar, hemp, flax, fruits. Carleton, Mark A. Observations on the native plants of Oklahoma Territory and adjacent districts. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 220-232. 1890- 1895. Improvement in wheat culture. Y. B. 1896, pp. 489-498, illus. General remarks — Methods of tillage — Time of seeding — Selection of varie- ties — Varieties for special purposes — Crossbreeding of wheat — Selection of seed — Diseases of wheat. Carman, Ezra A. The sheep of Great Britain. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I, pp. 1 45-246. 1891. The sheep industry in States east of the Mississippi Eiver. Unnum. rpt., pp. 11-700, illus. 1892. Carpenter, L. G-. Eeport on artesian wells for irrigation in Colorado. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 173-232, map. 1890. Eeport on artesian wells for irrigation in New Mexico. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 233-241. 1890. 42 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. Carpenter, L. G. — Continned. Irrigation statistics and progress in Colorado in 1890. S. Ex. Doc. No. 53, pp. 183-197. 1891. Methods of irrigation. O. B. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 142-145. 1893. Carr, John. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1850, p. 344. Carr, Oma, and T. F. Sanborn. The dehydration of viscous organic liquids. Chem. Bui. No. 47. pp. 134-151, illus. 1896. Carr, William. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Agr. Ept. 1850, pp. 436-439. CarroTsr, G-. D. Sheep farming in the Pampas. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 223-242. Pampa formation — Topographical features — The soil — Original introduction of sheep — Improvement of the native stock— Favorable character of the country and climate for sheep breeding — Hocks exempt from disease — " Pasture excellent and unfailing — Size of farms — General management of a 1^ sheep farm — Periods of lambing — Shearing season— Percentage of profit on investments in sheep — Nationality of the immigrant farmers — General ( climate and prodnctions — Horticulture. |- Cattle farming in the Pampas. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 484-502. |; Their origin — Wild cattle — General characteristics — A cattle farm — Marking cattle — Preparing fresh beef for market — Jerlccd beef — Hides — Tallow, etc. — Purchase and delivery of cattle — Los barraqueros — Amount of trade furnished by horned cattle— Transportation — Country life— The river and the city. Carse, George B. Florida: Its climate, soil, productions, and agricultural capabili- ties. Unnum. rpt., pp. 3-92. 1882. Carter, Richard H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Eot. 1852, pp. 98- 101. Case, B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 259, 260. Castlemau, A. Ii. Smut in wheat. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 406, 407. Catlin, Cyrus. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Connecticut.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 180, 181. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Connecticut.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 163, 164. Cerletti, G. B. The Peronospora overcome by hydrate of lime. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 71-74. J 886. Some additional remarks on lime as a remedy for Peronospora. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 75, 76. 1886. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 43 Chadsey, J. Gr. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Rhode Island.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 96-99. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Rhode Island.! Ag. Rpt. 18')0, pp. 328, 329. Chamberlain, Calvin. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 342-345. Chamberlain, W. J. National and international crop reports. Unnnm. rpt., pp. 137-144, in " Proceedings." 1882. Chandler, A. J. Southern fever among cattle in California. 4tli and 5th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 450, 451. 1889. Chandler, J. N. Preservation of potatoes for seed. Ag. Rpt. 1854, pp. 164, 165. Chandler, "William E. [Address in favor of good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 15, 16. 1893. Chandler, William P. [Remarks on cotton in Tunis.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 302-304. Chapline, H. W. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 671-673. Chapman, S. P. Remarks on dairy and neat cattle. Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 480-481. Chase, Franklin. [Remarks on cotton in Mexico.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 300-302. Chase, Warren. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 333-335. Chauveau, A. B. Methods and instruments of precision for the study of atmospheric electricity.. W. B. Bui. No.2, pt.2,pp. 569-5S3,illus. 1895. Chanzit, B. Treatments for mildew in France in 1887. Bot. Bui. No. 5, pp. 75-85. 1888. Chenery, Winthrop W. Holstein cattle. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 161-167, illus. Eesults of analysis of four samples of milk. "Texel" or " Mouton flandrin" sheep. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 242-248, illus. Chesnut, V. K. Some common poisonous plants. Y. B. 1896, pp. 137-146, illus. General remarks — Poison ivy — The American water hemlock — The deathcup. Chester, F. D. The copper salts as fungicides. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 21-25. 1890. 44 U. S. DEPxVRTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Chipman, A. J. Eeport of notes made on Eocky Mountain locusts. 3d Ept. Ent Com., pp. 55, 56, appx. vii. 1883. Chittenden, F. H. l^Totes on Languria. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 346, 347. 1890. On the date of the introduction of the European wheafr sawfly. I. L., vol. 4, p. 344. 1892. New species of Coleoptera. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 350, 351. 1892. The strawberry weevil. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 167-186, illus. 1893. Past history — This year's investigations — Appearance of infected fields — How damage is done — \Vork on blackberry — Certain varieties more affected than others— Wild food plants — -Differences due to food plants — The species doing the dairiage — Life history — Parasites and natural enemies — Remedies — Descriptions of the parasites mentioned. Observations ou some hymenopterous parasites of Coleoptera. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 247-251. 1893. The insect collections of the Columbian Exnosition. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 236-242. 1894. Supplementary notes on the strawberry weevil, its habits and rem- edies. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 14-23. 1894, Damage by the brown sap chafer. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 271, 272. 1894. Abundance of an imported snout beetle in Maine. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 272, 273. 1894. The more important insects injurious to stored grain. T. B. 1894, pp. 277-294, illus. Origin, introduction, and habits of the species— Nature and extent of dam- age — Parasites and natural enemies — The granary weevil — The rice weevil — The Angonmois grain moth— The Mediterranean flour moth — The Indian meal moth — The meal snout moth — The wolf moth — The saw-toothed grain beetle— The flour beetles — The square-necked grain beetle — The cadelle — Remedies. The rose chafer. Ent. Circ. No. 11, 2d s., pp. 4, illus. 1895. On the distribution of certain imported beetles. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 327-332. 1895. The potato bug weevil (AntJionomus nigrinus). I. L., vol. 7, pp. 350-352. 1895. Some coleopterous enemies of the grapevine. I, L., vol. 7, pp. 384-387. 1895. The horse-radish flea beetle (Phyllotreta armoracim). I. L., vol. 7, pp. 404-406, illus. 1895. Some changes in nomenclature. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 418, 419. 1895. Herbivorous habits of certain Dermestidfe. Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 36, 37. 1896. Insects affecting cereals and other dry vegetable foods. Ent. Bui. No. 4, n. s., pp. 112-130, illus. 1896. Insects affecting stored cereal and other products in Mexico. Ent. Bui. No. 4, t. s., pp. 27-30. 1896. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 45 Chittenden, F. H.— Continued. The development of the Mediterranean flour moth. Ent. Bui. No, 6, n. s., pp. 85-88. 1896. The asparagus beetles. Y. B. 1896, pp. 341-353, illus. General remarks — The common asparagus beetle — The twelve-spotted aspar- agus beetle. The rose-leaf beetle. Ent. Bui. No. 7, n. s., pp. 60, 61, illus. 1897. Insect injury to chestnut and pine trees in Virginia and neighbor- ing States. Ent. Bui. No. 7, n. s., pp. 07-75, illus. 1897. Some little-known insects aii'ectiiig stored vegetable products: A collection of articles detailing certain original observations made upon insects of this class. Ent. Bui. No. 8, n. s., pp. 45, illus. 1897. Notes on certain species of Ooleoptera that attack useful plants. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 20-24. 1897. The bean leaf-beetle [Gerotoma trifurcata). Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 64-71, illus. 1897. The strawberry weevil {Anthonomus signatus). Ent. Oirc. No. 21, 2d ser., pp. 7, illus. 1897. The two-lined chestnut borer {Agrilus Mlineatus). Ent. Oirc. No. 24, 2d ser., pp. 8, illus. 1897. Some insects injurious to stored grain. E. B. No. 45, pp. 24, illus. 1897. Choate, A. B. Bad roads: Cause and remedy; needed legislation suggested. Road Inq. Bui. No. 2, pp. 11, 12. 1894. Chowen, W. S. Eepair of dirt roads. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 2, p. 13. 1894. Christian, George L. [Address before Virginia Good Roads Convention.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 11, pp. 8-11. 1895. Chubb, Henry S. Fruit culture in western Michigan. Mo. Rpt. 1868, p. 322. Chubbuck. Levi. The dairy industry in Missouri and Kansas. B. A. I. Bui. No. 18, pp. 23, illus. 1897. Cichocki. Sandomir wheat. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 334-342. Cist, Charles. Strawberry culture. Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 609-613, The hog and its products. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 382-393. Clark, Frank H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 188-190. Clai-k, H. C. Meat industries of the United States. 4th and 5th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 359-375, illus. 1889. 46 V. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Clark, Jonathan. [Report on farir, crop au meteorology in Connecticut.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 481-493. Clark, Josephine A. Systematic and alphabetic index of new species of North American phanerogams and pteridophytes published in 1891. Oont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 151-188. 1890-1895. iSystematic and alphabetic index of new species of North American phanerogams and pteridophytes published in 1892. Gout. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 233-264. 1890-1895. Clark, N. T. Meteorological observations for 1851 at Canandaigua, New York. Ag. Ept. 1851, p. 639. Clark, W. S. Massachusetts Agricultural College. Ag. Kpt. 1868, pp. 54-^^-554, illus. History — Location— Buildings and endowment — Course of study and instruc- tion. Clarke, F. W. Jable of atomic weights. Chem. Bui. No. 31, p. 246. 1891. ' Clarke, J. "W. Gathering, ripening, and keeping fruit. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 152- 157. s The shrinkage of fruit — Influences of the soil on the keeping qualities of |.'. fruit — Well-grown or perfect fruit keeps best — Growth as distinguished from ripening — Effects of ripening fruits on the tree — The nature of mel- lowing and ripening — Fruit ripened ou the tree does not keep well— S weat- {, ing impairs the quality of fruit — The coloring of fruit — Early gathering ^ prolongs keeping. pClaiborne, J. P. H. t Eeport of an experiment of nine varieties of garden peas. Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 314. Clapp, Henry 'W. [Eeport oil farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1852, p. 159. Claypole, E. W. Secondary results of pollination. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 318-321. Clayton, H. H. Cloud measurements at Blue Hill. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 135-1 61, illus. 1897. Clement, A. W. Pneumonia among horses in Virginia. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 381-382. 1891. Clemson, Thos. G. The manufacture of sugar. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 404-422. "Extract of a dispatch from the chargd d'afiaires of the United States in Belgium." — New method for the extraction of sugar from sugar cane and beets, by Mens. Melsens. Eeport of agricultural affairs of the United States. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 5-26. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 47 Clemson, Thos. G. — Continued. Fertilizers. Ag. Rpt. 1860, pp. 34-79. Potassium — Potash — Analyses of mica — Sodium — Sili oi um — Aluminum — Alumina — Oxide of iron and manganese — Table showing the composition of the i\shes of wheat, harley, oats, rye, maizo, rice, millet, buckwheat, beans, peas, lentils, vetches, hemp, flax, turnips, beets, mangel-wurzel, carrots, Jerusalem artichokes, potatoes, cabbage, grasses, tobacco, hops, vegetables, forest and fruit trees, and various marine and land weeds — Ashes — Ash analysis of five varieties of potato — Analyses of the ashes of peat from Rhode Island and Massachusetts — .Table showing the composi- tion of certain foreign peat ashes, analyses of anthracite and bituminous coal — Sulphur — Dosing phosphoric acid. Cleveland, J. T. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Missouri.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 318- 320. Clift, Elisha. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 285, 286. Cllft, "WiUiam. Salt marshes. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 343-358. The mode of reclaiming them and their value — The embankments — The tide- gate — The drainage — Breaking up — The sowing of grass seed — Manage- ' ment. Clopper, F. C. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maryland.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 128- 131. [Wheat raising in Maryland.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 269-274. Clopper, T. C. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maryland.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 469- 471. Cloud, N. B. Cotton culture in 1866. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 190-193. Clough, William. Sorghum, or Northern sugar cane. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 54-87, illus. Varieties— Hybridization — Progress of the cane enterprise— Planting and cultivating — Maturity— Stripping — Topping- Cutting — Shocking and housing — Frosts and freezing — Machinery and apparatus — Cane mills — Horizontal cane mills— Horizontal mills for horse power — Vertical mills with sweep helo w — Steam and horse power compared — Evaporating — Steam evaporator — Steam-jacket evaporator — Steam-coil evaporator — Fire evap- orators — Intermittent process — Continuous process — Filtering juice — Defe- cation—Finishing point — Cooling — Refining sirup. Production, of sugar from sorghum, or Northern sugar-cane. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. .307-324. Cane sugar — Fruit sugar — Grape sugar — Conversion of cane sugar to glu- cose — Varieties of cane with reference to sugar — Soil and cultivation — Time of harvesting cane — Grinding — Tanks and vessels — Neutralizing agents — General remarks upon evaporating — Steam evaporators— Fiie evaporators— Clarifying sirup— Finishing point— Graining— Draining or purging. Clubb, Henry S. The Michigan fruit region. Mo. Rpt. 1870, pp. 37, 38. Cluss, Adolph. Report of the Architect. Ag. Rpt. 1868, pp. 15, 16. 48 U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Clute, Jacob. [Address on road improvemeat.l Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 14, 15. 1894. Cockrell, T. D. A. Insect pests in Colorado in 1889. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 145, 146. 1889. Soine fungi of Custer County, Colorado. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 84, 85. 1889. The West Indian rufous scale (Aspidiotus articulatus). I. L., vol. 4, pp. 380-382. Food plants — Habits and habitat — Remedies. Orthesia insignis as a garden pest. I. L., vol. 5, p. 89. 1892. Notes on plant fauna3. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 117-121. 1892. The foodplants of some J amaican Coccidse. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 158-160. 1893. The food plants of some Jamaican Coccidse — II. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 245-247. 1893. The distribution of Coccidce. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 99-103. 1893. Note on slip records [entomological]. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 198-200. 1893. . On a Lecanium infesting blackberry, considered identical with L. fitchii. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 29-31. 1894. A maritime species of Coccidte. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 42, 43. 1894. Notes from New Mexico [entomological], I. L., vol. 7, pp. 207-211. 1894. A new sawfly which is injurious to hollyhocks. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 251-253. 1894. On the natural conditions which affect the distribution and abun- dance of Coccidffi. But. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 91-95. 1896. Notes and descriptions of the new Coccidaj collected in Mexico by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend. Ent. Bui. No. 4, t. s., pp. 31-39. 1896. Some Coccidae found by Mr. Alex. Craw in the course of his quar- antine work at San Francisco. Ent. Bui. tTo. 4, t. s., pp. 42-46, illus. 1896. - Some new species of Japanese Ooccidaj, with notes. Ent. Bui. No. 4, t. s., pp. 47-56, illus. 1896. An experience with paris green. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., p. 25. 1897. San Jose scale and its nearest allies. A brief consideration of the character which distinguish these closely related injurious scale insects. Ent. Bui. No. 6, t. s., pp. 31, illus. 1897. Cockrill, C. F. The live-stock interests of Tennessee. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 225-229. 1883. Cockrill, Mark E. Woolgrowing. Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 627-635. Wool and woolgrowing. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 253-257. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 49 Coe, A. B. Kites in Montana. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, p. 237. 1896. Coffin, Fred F. B. Report on artesian wells. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 125-140. 1890. A special report of work in the artesian and underflow investiga- tion, and views of certain conditions existing in South Dakota. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222» pt. 4, pp. 53-61, map. 1892. Coffin, L. S. Paper on contagious diseases of domestic animals. TJnnum. rnt.. pp. 52-54. 1883. Cogniaux, Alfred. Eoseanthus, a new genus of OucurbitaceEe from Acapulco, Mexico. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 577, 578, illus. 1892-1896. Cohn, Fred. The Hessian fly in Silesia in 1869. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 39, 40, appx. iii. 1883. ; i-i- > > Translated by Dr. C. F. Gissler. Coit, H. H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 361-363. Colbnrn, J. W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 267- [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 86-88. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1851, np. 154- 156. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 139- 141. Colby, George E. Eeport on fermented liquors. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 148-151. 1894. Eeport on fermented and distilled liquors. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 95-101. 1896. Coloord, Samuel. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Illinois.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 198-200. Cole, Frank N. The diurnal variation of barometric pressure. W. B. Bui. No. 6, pp. 32, illus. 1892. Coleman, Clarence. What our bad roads cost us. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 11, pp. 17-20. 1895. Coleman, Hawes H. Cultivation of the watermelon at the South. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 313-314. Collier, Peter. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 95-156. Sorglium sugar-gum or zuckerschleim — Analyses of cane, maize, and sorghum sugars — Ash analyses of sugar cane from Demerara and of sorghum (Early amber) — Sugar beets — Peruvian sweet potatoes — Analysis of yam — Beet- root sirup — Sorghum sirup — Manna or fir sugar — Analyses of two sirups — Examinations for tannic acid — Analysis of canaigre root — Examination of 21713— No. 4 4 50 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Collier, Peter — Continued. docks for tannin — The importance of carefully selected seed — Analyses of maize, peas, and beans — Experiments in manufacture of tea — Oil from tea seed — Tea-seed hulls — Examination of sophisticated tea — Tea and cofifee sub- stitutes — Examination of leaves of ink berry {Ilex glabra) — Examination of leaves of Turnera aphrodisiaca — Analysis of Florida moss (lillandsia usne- oides) — Analysis of the reindeer moss (Cladonia rangifei-ina) — Examination of "boneset" {Eupatorium perfoliatum) — Estimation of saponin — "Loco" or poison weed — Bombic acid — Covering of eggs of insects — Baking powders — Arsenical paper — Examination of American and foreign butters and oleo- margarine — Analysis of corncobs — Analysis of brewers' grains — Examina- tion of California tobacco — Pleuropneumonia — Analysis of milk of cow — Mineral-water analysis — Soil analyses — Analyses of marls — Analyses of leached wood and coal ashes — Bat guanos and cave earths — Slate-dust fertilizer — Commercial fertilizers — Silicious diatoms — The coal econo- mizer — Substitute for paris green — Analyses of lime — Analysis of coal from Shenandoah Valley — Analysis of hydraulic limestone — Analysis of wine received from Admiral Ammen — Proximate analyses of wheats, barley, maize, and corn — Methods of analysis. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1879, pp. 35-127, illus. Experiments in the production of sugar sorghums and maize — Sugar machin- ery of the Department of Agriculture — The permanganate process for the estimation of sugars in juices — Sugar beets —Analyses of marls, soils, clays, etc. — Soil from small mangrove island oif the Florida coast — Unproductive soil — Peaty soil — Leaf mold — Commercial fertilizers — Superphosphates — Valuation of fertilizers — Butter and oleomargarine — Alcoholic liquors — Improved green coffee berries — An examination of "tuckahoe" — Effect on cane sugar of cooking with fruit — Examination of lignite— Analysis of rock salt — Analysis of salt from evaporation of lake water— Ores and min- erals — Plants, medical and poisonous — Botanical description of Sophora serecia — Preliminary report on the herb of Astragalus molUssimus and the herb of Oxytropis lamherti — Examination of Malvastrum coccineum — The im- portance of carefully selected seed— Grains— Analyses of immature sweet corn and cobs— Analysis of Zamia integrifoUa ("Coontie")— An apparatus for continuous percolation — Analysis of sword beau {Canavalia gladiata, var. ensiformis—UepoTt on grasses and forage plants — The calculation of fodder values— Comparison of American and German grasses — Digestibility of the constituents of grasses. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1880, pp. 37-183, illns. ' Sorghum- Synoptical table of the varieties of sorghum cultivated at the Department of Agriculture during the summer of 1880— The analytical processes for the examination of the canes— Analyses of juices from sor- ghum-Analyses of juices from cornstalks— Averages of each stage of each variety— Explanation of graphical plates— Explanation of specific gravity table— Comparison of different hydrometers— Effects of fertilizers on sucrose, glucose, and solids in sorghum juices- Effects of fertilizers on the ash of sorghum juices— Composition of ash of canes and juices of sorghum- Temperature and rainfall for the season- Comparative value during the working period of sorghum and cornstalks— Analyses of sirups and sugars received from abroad— Utilization of waste products— Analyses of corn smut ( UsUlago majdis)— Examination of the root of Berheris aquifoUum, var. repens-" Oregon grape root"- Examination of native quinine— Esti- mation of tannin, Hubbell's Lamokin farm stock powder, and Haas's hog cholera remedy— Analysis of Pacific magic polish— Concentrated cattle lood— Minerals, marls, and fertilizers— Analyses of soils, of mineral and potable waters— "Well waters— Analyses of single specimens of grasses from various localities— How the nitrogen is combined in the plant— Analyses of distillery waste, of glucose waste, and of rice bran— The composition and quality of certain American wines— List of wines analyzed. Report of analytical and other work done on sorghum and corn- stalks. Spl. Rpt. No. 33, pp. 101, illus. 1881. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 279-576, illus. Report of analytical and other work done on sorghum and cornstalks bv the Chemical Division in 1881-82— Explanation of the stages of growth or of development as used in this report— Analyses of each variety of sorghum and maize : Early.Amber, Early Golden, White Liberian, Black top, African, INDEX TO AUTHORS 51 Collier, Peter — Continued. White Mammoth, Oomseoaua, regular sorgho. Link's hybrid, sugar cane. Goose neoli. Bear tail, lowaredtop, new variety, Early orange, orange cane, Neeazana, Wolf tail, Graytop, Mastodon, Honduras, sugar cane. White im- phee. Salens sacoharatut, H. sorghum, H. cennns, honey cane, Egyptian sugar corn, Lindsay's horse tooth, Blount's prolific, broad white flat dent, Chester County mammoth, Eighteen-rowed yellow dent — Graphical charts — Com- parison of sugar cane with sorghura^Temperature and rainfall, 1881 — Eifeet of heavy rainfall after long drought — Effect of frost upon sorghum — Availa- ble sugar — Danger of mixing immature with mature cane in working — Dan- ger from suckers — Method of analysis-^The analytical processes for the ex- amination of the canes— Polarization of .juices and sirups — Period of work- ing the sorghums — Experiments with the small mill — Experience of Dr. C. A. Goessmann with sorghum cut some time before working — Comparative results, suckered and nusuckered sorghums — Inversion of sugar in cut canes — Effect on j niees of standing after defecation — Effect of adding water to juice during defecation — Experiments in defecation — Specific-griivity tables of juices of sorghum and maize — Eelative lengths and weights of the different varieties of sorghum — Composition of sorghum seed — Loss of sugar in manufacture — Analysis of juice at different stages — Available sugar in juice of maize — The work of the large sugar mill — Results from analyses of thirty-five varieties of sorghum in 1881, worked at large mill — The causes of failure in sugar making from sorghum — Character and com- position of sorghum juice — Chemical changes in sugar making — Sorghum juice — The acidity of corn and sorghum juice — Importance of a good mill — Loss of sugar in the bagasse — Action of lime upon the glucose and sucrose in juices during evaporation— Effects of lime during evaporation of juices — Bibliography of sorghum — General index to the sorghum and maize sugar reports of 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881— Examination of methoils for the deter- iiiiuatiou of phosphoric acid in its various forms in fertilizers — "Glucose" sugar — Seaweeds — He rock weed (Ascophyllum nodosum) — Proximate anal- ysis of Fucus nesiculosus and Jscophyllum nodosum, mixed — Soils— Peats — Proximate analysis of Zygadenus painculatus — Unguadia speciosa — Grasses, feed, fodder, vegetables, etc. — Analysis of feed stulfs— Improved yellow- eyed beans and pods — Analyses of vegetables — Wheat— Corn and sorghum as fodder plants — Ensilage. Investigation of sorghum as a sugar-producing plant; season of 1882. Unnum rpt. pp., 68, charts. 1883. Collier, Peter, and George Vasey. Eeport of the Botanist and Chemist on grasses and forage plants. Ag. Rpt. 1878, pp. 157-194, illus. For synopsis, see George Vasey. Collins, V. D. The agriculture of Morocco. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 499-508, Letter from China. Mo. Ept. 1865, pp. 11-13. [Address on road improvement.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 35, 36. 1894. Colman, Norman J. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1885, pp. 5-31. [Address before the Convention of delegates from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, held at Department of Agri- culture, July 8 and 9, 1885.] Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 5-15. 1885. Objects of the endowments— Acquiring agricultural knowledge— Teaching practical forestry — An arboretum on college farms — Hedges or live fences- Climatic influences on plants — Rotation of crops — Experiments with the cotton plant— Improved varieties by hybridization— Diseases of plants- Knowledge needed by the agriculturist — Experimental farm work — Greater diversity of crops — Textile fibers imported — Fruits and plants from Russia— Signal service in agricultural colleges. 52 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. Colman, Norman J. — Continued. [Address before the Convention of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 17. 1885. [Address before the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, held at the Department of Agriculture, September 1 and 2, 1885.] Chem. Bui. No. 7, pp. 21-23. 1885. The American beef supply. Unnum. rpt., pp. 3-11. 1885. Address before the National Stockmen, held at Chicago, Illinois, November 17 and 18, 1885. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 7-45. Letter transmitting a statement of the expenditures for the Depart- ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1885. H. Misc. Doc. ISTo. 154, pp. 43. 1886. Letter transmitting, in response to a resolution of the House, a statement showing the amount expended for the Chemical Divi- sion in laboratory from the appropriation for the present fiscal year, and the balance unexpended. H. Misc. Doc. No. 240, pp. 4. 1886. Letter transmitting certain papers in response to a resolution of the House calling for a copy of Department circular of June 6, 1882; a copy of the award of the committee appointed to carry the provisions of the circular into effect; copies of all corre- spondence with the Delaware Beet Sugar Company on the sub- ject; and a statement of the awards paid and to whom. H. Misc. Doc. No. 284, pp. 6. 1886, Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1887, pp. 7-47. [Address before the National Cattle Growers' Convention, held at Kansas City, Missouri, October 31 and November 1 and 2, 1887.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 3-6. 1887. Letter in response to a Senate resolution of December 7, 1887, relative to employees obtaining patents for the process of sugar making. 8. Ex. Doc, No. 24, pp. 5. 1887. Rules and regulatioDS of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for the suppression and extirpation of contagious, infectious, aud communicable diseases among domestic animals of the United States. Unnum. rpt., pp. 4. 1887. Dressed meat traffic. 3d Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 277-282. 1887. Letter in response to Senate resolution of January 30, 1888, trans- mitting the report of Professor Swenson. Unnum. rpt., pp. 11. 1888. Letter transmitting a statement of expenditures in the Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1887. H. Misc. Doc. No. 122, pp. 81. 1888. Eeport in response to inquiries of the select committee of the United States Senate, appointed to inquire into and examine the methods of business of the Executive Departments. Unnum. rpt., pp. 106. 1888. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 53 Colmau, Norman J. — Continued. Report of the Oominissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 7-51 . Increasing the durability of timber. For. Oirc. No. 4, pp. 4. [No date.] Colvin, A. V. [Remarks on cotton in British Guiana.] Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 281, Colvin, Richard. The Italian honeybee ; or the culture and Italianization of the native or black honeybee. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 530-546. Description of the Italian bee — The queen— The drones — The worker — Breed- ing — Italianizing an apiary — Rearing queens — Introducing queens — Profits and importance of bee culture. Comes, C, and Mr. Deperais. First result obtained from the use of chloride of aluminum and and proposal of new remedies against the peronospora of the vine. Bot. BuL No. 11, pp. 94-96. 1890. Comstock, E. Products of the dairy. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 995-999, Comstock, J. H. Eeport upon cotton insects, prepared under the direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture in pursuance of an act of Congress approved June 19, 1878. Cot. Insects, pp. 511, illus. 1879. Eeport of the Entomologist. Ag. Ept. 1879, pp. 185-347, illus. The army- worm (Heliophila (Leucania) unipuncta) — How to destroy the pest — The destructive' leaf hopper (Cicadula exitiosa) — The clover seed midge (Cecidomyia legumenirola) — Parasites on the clover-seed midge — The clover- leaf midge ( Cemdomyia trifolii) — The clover-stem borer ( Languria mozardi) — The clover oscinis {Osoinis infotii) — The mallow oscinis {Oscinis malvai) — Insects injurious to orange trees— :The cotton b'tainer on orange {Dysdercus suturellus) — The orange-leaf nothris (Nothris citrifoUella) — The orange case-bearing tineid {Coleotechnites eitriella) — Blaatotasis citricoMla — The orange-leaf notcher {Artipus floridamis) — White ants, or "wood lice" {Tei-mes flavipes) — Two new parasites on orange insects — The palmetto-leaf miner {Laverna sabaleUa) — The resplendent shield bearer {Aspidisca splendm'iferella) — The grapevine flea-beetle (Graptodera ehalybea) — Aspara- gus beetle (Criocet-is asparagi) — Remedies — The melon-worm (Pkakelltira hyalinitalia — The Japan lily aphis {Siphonopliora lilii) — The hawthorn tingis ( Corythuca arcuata) — The locust saw &y(Nematus similaris) — Thelesser locust l6a,£gelechia,{GelechiaroMniaifoUella) — The white blotch oakleafminer(Xi<7t- ocolletis hamadryadella) — Fitch's oak-leaf miner (LUhocolletia fitcliella) — Eetiviaf comstocMana — Thefrustratingretima(iJeMTOa/rastra»o) — The pitch- pine retima (Betinia rigidana) — The pine leaf miner {GelecMa pinifoUella) — Parasites — On predaceouslepidopterous insects — The cocci-eating dakruma (Dalcruma coccidirora) — The pale dakruma (^Dakruma pallida) — The oak coccid blastobasis {Blastobasis cocoivorella) — Euolemenais iassettella — Notes of the year — The cotton-worm {%.letia argillacea) — Importance of the natural enemies of the cotton- worm — Summary — The boll- worm- — Themoth. Eeport of the Entomologist. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 235-349, illus. The sugar-cane beetle (TAgyrus rugiceps) — The sugar-cane borer (Diaircea saecharalis) — The cornstalk borer {D. aaocharalisf) — The corn-leaf miner (Diaatata?) — The hog caterpillar of the orange (Papilio eresphonies) — The orange aphis {Siphonophora citrifoUi) — The angular- winged katydid (Miaro- oentrum retinerve) — The orange basket-worm (Platoeceticus gloverii) — Artace punctistriga — The cork- colored orange tortricid (Tortrix rostrana) — The clover-seed caterpillar (GraphoUtha interatinctana) — The sulphur-colored tortricid (Tortrix aulfureana) — The rusty brown tortricid (Tortrix flave- dana) — Seriooria instrutana — The pale clover tortricid {Tortrix discopunc- tana) — The variable oak-leaf caterpillar (Seterocampa aubalMcana) — The 54 U. S, DEPARTMENT OP AGEICULTUEE. Comstock, J. H. — Continued. lociist-twig borer (Eodytolopha insiticiana) — The locnst-leaf phyoid (Pem- peliaconiatella)— Pempelia glediUchiella — 2'etralopha dilticulella — Toririxpol- iiana? — The silver-pine tortrioid (GraphoUthairacteatana) —The ea,tiilTpa,Tpod diplosis (Diplosis catalpai) — The raspberry-leaf roller {Exartema permunda- num) — The rose-twig borer (GraphoUtha paclcardi?) — The roller worm (Endamus proteus) — The cauliflower botis (Botis repetitalis) — Report on scale insects, including descriptions of CoccidEe in the collection of the United States Department of Agriculture, with notes upon the habits of those injurious to cultivated plants, and the results of experiments in their destruction. Eeport on insects injurious to sugar cane. Spl. Ept. No. 35, pp. n, illus. 1881. Comstock, M. L. Report of the American Pomological Association for Iowa. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 398-407. Conger, Norman B. Report on the forecasting of thunderstorms during the summer of 1892. W. B. Bui. No. 9, pp. 54, charts. 1893. Report on tlie tornadoes of May 25 in the State of Michigan. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, p. 156. 1896. Conn, H. W. The fermentations of milk. O. E. S. Bui. No. 9, pp. 75. 1892. Composition of milk — Fermentation of milk by rennet — Souring of milk — Number of bacteria in iniJk — Relation of electricity to the souring of milk — Alkaline fermentations — Butyric acid — Bitter milk — Alkaline curd- ling of jiiilk and the peptonizing power — Blue milk — Alcoholic feimeiita- tiuD — Slimy fermentation — Miscellaneous fermentations — Practical bear- ings of the subject upon dairying — List of references to the literature. Dairy bacteriology. O. B. S. Bui. No. 25, pp. 40. 1895. Germicide power of milk — Sources of milk baoteria^Number of bacteria in milk — Variety of species — Dairy inspection — Lactic fermentation— Elec- tricity — Butyric acid — Bitter milk — Rennet and tryptic forming bacteria — Blue milk— Alcoholic fermentation — Slimy milk — Pigments — Milk and butter — Normal and abnormal ripening of cheese. Constable, Ho'ward. [Wood preservation.] For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 92-98. 1887. !ook, A. J. Teaching entomology. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 107-112. 1890. Some historic notes [entomological]. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 62, 63. 1891. A poplar Goniodtena. I. L., vol. 4, p. 67. 1891. Work of the entomologists in the experiment stations. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 212-217. 1891. Report of agricultural experiments in 1891. Ent. Bui. No. 26, pp. 83-92. 1892, Special planting for honey— Chapman honey plant— Rocky Mountain bee plant— Rape— Sweet clover— Bees as fertilizers— Experiments in breed- ing—Consumption of honey in the section of wax— Do worker bees feed the drones f— Conductivity of wax— Cellar versus outdoor wintering— Pack- ing about the hives in spring. Cook, D. M. The culture and manufacture of sugar from sorghum. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 311-314. ^ Soil and cultivation — Harvesting — Manufacturing- Drainage— Hybridiza- tion—The sorghum taste— Value of the crop. INIJEX TO AUTHORS. 55 Cook, G-eorge H. Agricultural education in New Jersey. Unnum. rpt., pp. 7-12, in "Proceedings." 1882. Cook, James. [Report on farm crops and on the cultivation of the osage orange.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 381, 382. Cooke, "W. -W. Report on bird migration in the Mississippi Valley in the years 1884 and 1885. O. and M. Bui. No. 2, pp. 313, map. 1888. Analysis of sour milk. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 22-26. 1891. Report on dairy products. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 16-21. 1891. Methods of instruction in teaching agriculture. O. E. S. Bui. No. 30, pp. 39, 40. 1896. Cooley, Thomas M. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 411- 414. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 264^ 266. Cooper, J. G. The forests and trees of North America, as connected with climate and agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1860, pp. 416-445. Trees of the Laoustrian provinces — Trees of the Appalachian province — The Florida region — The Campestrian province — The Rocky Mountain prov- ince — The Canrine province — The Nevadian province — The Mexican prov- ince — Relations of trees to climate in western North America — Capacity of the various regions for cultivation — The succession of forests — Influence of forests on soils — The influence of forests on health — Cultivation of trees. Cope, F. J. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 227-233. Copeland, Josiah S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 259-261. Copp, Bolton A. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Connecticut.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 185-187. Coppinger, John "Vf. [Report on the commerce of Toronto, Canada.] For. Mkts. Bal. No. 4, pp. 27, 28. 1895. Fruits, nuts, wines, etc. — Impurity of clover seed. Coquillett, D. W. Report on the locusts of the Sau Joaquin Valley, California. Ag. Rpt. 1885, pp. 289-303. Report on remedies for the cottony cushion scale. Ag. Rpt. 1886, pp. 552-557. Report on the gas treatment for scale insects. Ag. Rpt. 1887, pp. 123-142, illus. Supplementary report on the gas treatment for scale insects. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 41-42. 1888. 56 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUKE. Coquillett, D. W. — Continued. Eeport on various metliods for destroying scale insects. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 123-133. Letter of submittal — The gas treatment for scale insects — Arseniureted hydrogen gas as an insecticide — The resin compound for scale insects — The copper mixture of giroude as an insecticide. The cornworin, or bollworm, of California. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 331, 332. 1889. The imported Australian ladybird ( Vedalia cardinalis). I. L., vol. 2, pp. 70-74, illus. 1889. Early stages — Pupa — Habits and natural history— Importation and spread. The use of hydrocyanic acid gas for the destruction of the red scale. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 202-207. 1890. The dipterous parasite of Diabrotica soror. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 233- 236, illus. 1890. The cypress twig borer. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 116, 117. 1890. Variations in the braconid genus Lysiphlebus. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 313-315. 1891. History of the hydrocyanic acid gas treatment for scale insects. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 457-460. 1891. A new scale insect from California. T. L., vol. 3, pp. 38^-334. 1891. Another parasitic rove beetle. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 318, 319. 1891. Eeport on various methods for destroying the red scale of Califor- nia. Ent. Bui. No. 22, pp. 9-17. 1890. Eeport on various methods for destroying scale insects. Ent. Bui. No. 23, pp. 19-36. 1891. Eeport on the scale insects of California. Eut. Bui. No. 26, pp. 13-35. 1892. Notes on the habits of some California Coleoptera. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 260-262. 1892. The dipterous parasite of Malanoplus devastator in California. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 22-24. 1892. Eeport on the locust invasion of California in 1891. Ent. Bui No. 27, pp. 34-57. 1892. Eeport on the Australian insects sent by Albert Koebele to Ell- wood Cooper and B. M. Leloug. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 251-254. 1893, On the pollination of Yucca whipplei in California. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 311-314. 1893. Eeport on some of the beneficial and injurious insects of California. Ent. Bui. No. 30, pp. 9-33. 1893. The present status of the recent Australian importations. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 24-26. 1893. Hydrocyanic acid gas as an insecticide. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 176-180. 1893. ' ^^ The patent on the hydrocyanic acid gas process declared invalid. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 257-258. 1894. Preliminary report on suppressing the San Jose scale in Virginia. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 324-326. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 57 Coquillett, D. 'W.— Continued. Report on. some of the injurious insects of California. Ent. Bui. ISTo. 32, pp. 22-32. 1894. Walnut spanworm {Boarmia phimogeraria) , Proohcerodes nuMlata, orange leaf- roller (Tortvix citrana), brassy cutworm [Tanloeampa riifiihi), tent cater- pillars — Arseniureted aud sulpliureted hydrogen as insecticides. The San Jose scale in Virginia. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 253, 254. 1894. Is Orytoneura cwsia an injurious insect? I. L., vol. 7, pp. 338, 339, illus. 1895. Cankerworms. Ent. Circ. No. 9, 2d s., pp. 4, illus. 1895. A Cecidomyiid that lives on poison oak. I. L., vol. 7, p. .348. 1895. Two dipterous leaf miners on garden vegetables. I. Ij., vol. 7, pp. 381-384, illus. 1895. Two dipterous insects injurious to cultivated flowers. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 399-402, illus. 1895. A new wheat pest {Sciara tritice). I. L., vol. 7, pp. 406-408, illus. 1895. Revision of the Tachiuidai of America north of Mexico, a family of parasitic two-winged insects. Ent. Bui. No. 7, t. s., pp. 154. 1897. The walnut spanworm {Boarmia plumogeraria). Ent. Bui. No. 7, n. s., pp. 64-66, illus. 1897. Corbett, L. C. . Systems of record keeping in experimental horticulture. O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 104-106. 1897. Corbett, "W. W. Beef and beef cattle of the West. Ag. Rpt. 1862, pp. 326-335. Corbin, S. "Wellford. [Address on road improvement.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 11, pp. 13, 14. 1895. Corcoran, 'W. "W. Proposition for establishment of experiment station. Unnum. ri)t., pp. 25, 26, in " Proceedings." 1882. Cordley, A. B. Notes on Anarsia lineatella. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 71-75. 1897. Corlies, James C. Contagious pleuro-pueumonia in New Jersey. Ag. Rpt. 1881, pp. 46, 47. Cormack, D. A. Tapeworms among sheep in South Dakota. 8th and 9th Rpts. B. A. I., p. 377. 1893. Cornaby, Samuel. Osage orange as feed for silkworms. Mo. Rpt. 1870, p. 430. Cornet, W. T. S. Report of the American Pomological Society for Indiana. Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 387-396. Corsa, W. P. Nut culture in the United States, including native and introduced species. Spl. Pom. Rpt., pp. 144. 1896.- 58 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Cottier, Joseph. The equatioas of hydrodynamics in a form suitable for application to problems connected with the movements of the earth's atmos- phere. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 296-302. 1897. The equations of hydrodynamics in a form suitable for application to problems connected with the movements of the earth's atmos- phere. W. B. doc. No. 130, pp. 8, illus. 1897. Coudon, Joseph. [Remarks on wheat culture in Maryland.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 378, 379. Coulter, D. R. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Arkansas.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 170, 171. Coulter, John M. Botany of western Texas : A manual of phanerogams and pterido phytes of western Texas. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 2, pp. 588, illus. 1891-1894. Upon a collection of plants made by Mr. G. 0. Nealley, in the region of the Rio Grrande, in Texas, from Brazos Santiago to El Paso County. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 29-61. 1890-1895. Preliminary revision of the North American species of Echinocac- tus, Cereus, and Opuntia. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 355-462. 1892-1896. Coulter, John M., and J. N. Rose. Report on Mexican Umbelliferfe, mostly from the State of Oaxaca, recently collected by C. G. Pringle and E. W. Nelson. Cont. Nat. Herb., 'vol. 3, pp. 289-309, illus. 1892-1896. Leibergia, a new genus of Uiubelliferae from the Columbia River region. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 575, 576. 1892-1896. Coville, F. V. Noxious weeds. Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 382-387, illus. Order CrucifersB — Cliavlock {Brassica sinapistrum) — Order CompositiE— Pitchforks (Bidens J'rondosa)— Hull thistle (Cnicus lanceolatua) — Sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus) — Mayweed {Anthemis cotula) — Order Convolvulacefp — I Hedge bindwood {Convolvulus sepiurn) — Order Solanceae— Jimson weed (Datura stramoiiium) — Order Polygonaceae — Yellow dock (Bumex crispus) — Bitter dock {Rumex ohtusifoliua) — Order AmarantaoesB — Thoruy amaran th {Amarantus spinosus). Noxious weeds. Ag. Rpt. 1890, pp. 388-391. Order ComposittE — Horseweed (Ambrosia tj'i/i(Ja)— Orange hawkweed (Hiera- cium aurantiacum)— Order Scrophulariacefe — Toad flax (Linaria canaden- sis) — Order ConvolvnlaceiB— Clover dodder (Cuscuta trifolii) — Order Plan- tagine* — English plantain (Plantafio lanceolata) — Order GramineiE — Bin- grass (Cenchriis tribuloides) — New iodder grass — Order Gramineae — Pearl millet, cat-tail millet, Egyptian millet (Pennisetum typJwideum) — Order Graminete — Teff (Eragrostis abyssinica). Report of the Botanist. Ag. Rpt. 1893, pp. 235-244. Publications prior to March 8, 1893— Organization of the Division— The her- barium — Need of more commodious quarters — Forage experiments at Gar- den City, Kansas— Grasses for the South— Ginseng culture- Medicinal plants— Russian thistle— Pure seed — Publications of the year — Recom- mendations. Botany of the Death Yalley Expedition. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 4, pp. 363, illus. 1893. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 59 Coville, F. v.— Continued. Report of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 161-166. Work of the year— The herbarium— Forage plants— Seeds— Weeds—The Russian thistle— Field work- Correspondeuce— Publications- Poisonous and inedioinal plants— New forage plants— Seed investigations. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Botany. Ag. Rpt. 1895, pp. 159-164. Work of the year— Herbarium— Weeds— Pure seed— Poisonous plants- Grasses and forage plants— Field work— Editorial work— List of publica- tions — Correspondence — Food plants — Correlation of vegetation with soils — Botanical artist. Some additions to our vegetable dietary. Y. B. 1895, pp. 205-214, lllus. Swiss chard— Charlock — Chicory — Winter cress — Dock— Dandelion — Klale- Marsh marigold — Mercury — Black mustard — Orach — Pokeweed — Purs- lane — Winter purslane— Spinach — New Zealand spinach. Crimson clover hair balls. Bot. Circ. No. 8, pp. 4, illus. 1896. Botany of Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Botanical report. Cont. ISTat. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 334-353. 1892-1896. Crepis occidentalis and its allies. Cont. i^at. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 559-565, illus. 1892-1896. Notes on the plants used by the Klamath Indians of Oregon. Cont. Nat. Herb,, vol. 5, pp. 87-108. 1897. Observations on recent cases of mushroom poisoning in the Dis- trict of Columbia. Bot. Circ. No. 13, pp. 24, illus. 1898. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 95-102. Work of the year — -National herbarium — Weed investigations — Seed labora- tory — Poisonous plants — Plant resources — Publications — Miscellaneous work — Needs of the Division. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 167-172. Field experiments with seeds — Investigation of new crops — National her- barium — Economic herbarium — Natural resources — Weeds — Poisonous plants — Testing seeds distributed by the Department — Seed investigation — Support of the pure-seed movement — American medicinal flora — Publica- tions — Correspondence — ^Needs for the ensuing year. Cowgill, E. B. Eeport on experiments with sorghum. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 223-242. The sorghum sugar industry in Kansas. Chem. Bui. No. 17, pp. 18-60. 1888. CoTwles, 'William L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Connecticut.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 338-340. Cox, James L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 399-401. Cox, John C. [Notes on agricultural conditions in Illinois.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 241-246. Craig, John A. Sheep feeding. F. B. No. 49, pp. 24. 1 897. Craig, J. B. Pleuro-pueumonia. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 252-267. 60 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. Cragin, F. W. Eemarks on cotton in Dutch Guiana. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 292-294. Crampton, C. A. Composition of American beers, wines, and ciders, and the sub- stances used in their adulteration. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 183-213. Fermented alcoholic beTOrages, malt liquors, wine, and cider. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 3, pp. 261-399, 1887. Eecord of experiments at Des Lignes Sugar Experiment Station, Baldwin, Louisiana, during the season of 1888. Ohem. Bui. ^JTo. 22, pp. 36. 1889. Baking powders. Chem. Bui. Ko. 13, pt. 5, pp. 557-627. 1889. Character and constitution of baking powders. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 163-181. Aeration of bread— Chemical aerating agents — Consumption of baking pow- ders — Recent investigations — Adulteration — Classification of baking pow- ders — Tartrate powders — Phospbate powders — Alum powders — Powder containing more than one acid ingredient — Alum and phosphate powders— The "alum question" — General summary of the conclusions reached — Comparison of the different classes of powders in respect to their relative aerating strength and the amount of residue left by each — Carbonate (if ammonia — Filling — "Domestic baking powders" — Regulation of tlie sale of baking powders. Eeport on fermented liquors. Chem. Bui. IsTo. 35, pp. 171-184. 1802, Eeport on fermented liquors. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 143-147. 1803. Cra-w, Alexander. A list of scale insects found upon plants entering the port of Sau Francisco. Ent. Bui. No. 4, t. s., pp. 40, 41. 1896. Craivford, E. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia,] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp, 85-87. Cra'wford, J. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag, Ept. 1851, pp. 323-325. Creamer, H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept, 1850, pp. 211, 212. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 262, 2(!3. Crispell, Peter, jr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 193, 194. J & i- > ff Critohett, O. A. Abstract of the laws of the several States and Territories on irri- gation and water rights. Irrig. Bui, No. 1, pp, 180. 1893. Crocker, J. L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 199-203. I s F , IF Crosby, J. Schuyler. Borax as a preservative of butter, Ag. Ept, 1878, pp. 576-578. Crosby, T. R. Structure and diseases of the horse's foot, Ag. Ept, 1870, pp. 357-375, iUus. ' INDEX TO AUTHORS. 61 Crozier, A. A. Immediate influence of cross fertilization upon the fruit. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 312-318. On tlie effects of certain fungicides upon the vitality of seeds. Jour. MycoL, vol. 6, pp. 8-11. 3890. Crump, M. H. * [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 45-47. 1893. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. Ko. 10, pp. 32-35. 1894. Kentucky highways : History of the old and new systems. Itoad Inq. Bui. No. 13, pp. 24. 1895. Crux, Thomas. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 274, 275. Cull, Edward L. The beet sugar industry. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 441, 442. Culver, Garry E. [Eeport of field geologist for North and South Dakota on proper location of artesian wells for irrigation.] 8. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 55-63, illus. 1890. On the underflow and sheet waters, irrigable lands, and geological structure of the Dakota basin. S. Ex. Doc. No. 41, pt. 3. pp. 195-209, map. 1892. Curry, Thomas. [Eeport on the commerce of Sethbridge, Alberta.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 67. 1895. Curtice, Cooper. Tapeworm disease of sheep of the Western plains. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 167-184, illus. 1889. Outbreaks of Southern cattle fever in Maryland. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 429-442. 1889. The animal parasites of sheep. Unnum. rpt., pp. 222, illus. 1890. The larvae of Sypoderma bovis. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 207, 208. 1890. The detection of tuberculosis in cattle. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 283-295, illus. 1897. Curtis, Ediward, and J. S. Billings. Eeport of results of examinations of fluids of diseased cattle with reference to presence of cryptogamic growths. Dis. Cattle, pp. 174-190, illus. 1869. Eeport of results of examinations of fluids of diseased cattle with reference to presence of cryptogamic growths. Dis. Oactle, pp. 156-170, illus. 1871. Curtis, F. D. An address on swine. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 148-155. 1883. Curtis, George E. Analysis of the causes of rainfall with special relation to surface conditions. For. Bui. No. 7, pp. 187-191. 1893. Winds injurious to vegetation and crops. W. B. Bui. No. 11, pt. 2, pp. 435-444. 1895, 62 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Curtis, H. E., M. A. Scovell, and A. M. Peter. On some sources of error ia the determination of potash fertilizers. Ohem. Bui. No. 49. pp. 42-45. 1897. Curtis, Thomas D. About a butter standard. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 142-146. 1883. • Curtiss, D. S. Water for destitute regions. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 230-2.36. Effects of pure soft water — Distribution of blessings — Proofs by the rain gauge — Roofs and cisterns — Cost of cisterns versus wells — Cholera and summer complaints — Suffering on the prairies — Safety against loss by fire. Steam cultivatioa. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 263-278. steam culture in Europe — Later tests of steam culture — Steam tillage in France — Steam plowing in the United States. Statistics of corn growing. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 234-236. Curtiss, George Gr. Treatment of bitter rot of the apple. Bot. Bui. No. 11, pp. 38-41. 1890. Gushing, Caleb. Agriculture of Spain. Ag. Ept. 1876, pp. 287, 288. Cutter, W. P. Eeport of the Librarian. Ag. Ept. 1894, p. 203. A pioneer iu agricultural science. Y. B. 1895, pp. 493-502, iilus. Agriculture in colonial Virginia — Characteristic conditions and influences — Edmund Rnfifln — Efforts to increase the fertility of the soil — Experiments in the use of marl — How marl increases fertility of soil — P^armers' regis- ter — Public services of Mr. Ruffiu. Dabney, Charles W., jr. The scientific work of the Department of Agriculture. O. E. 8. Bui. No. 24, pp. 63-67. 1895. Vivisection in the District of Columbia. Circ. No. 2, Secretary's ;' Oface, pp. 8. 1896. i' Progress of Southern agriculture. Oirc. No. 3, Secretary's Oflice, pp. 12. 1896. The civil service in the Department of Agriculture. Circ. No. 5, Secretary's Office, pp. 4. 1896. Civil service in the Department of Agriculture. O. E. S. Oirc. No. 33, pp. 10. 1897. Dabney, John C, and Gilbert H. Hicks. The superior value of large heavy seed. Y. B. 1896, pp. 305-322, illus. Introduction — Principles governing seed selection — Methods of selecting seed — Desirability of knowing the origin of seed — Manner of conducting seed-selection experiments— Experiments with soja beans of different weight — Experiment with peas — Experiment with beans of different weight — Root development of plants from heavy and light seed — Rela- tion of heavy seed to the early stages of plant growth. The vitality of seed treated with carbon bisulphide. Bot. Circ. No. 11. up. 5. 1897. Dale, E. C. Annual statement of the United States Mint. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 420, 421. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 63 Dall, WiUiam H. Report upon the agTicultural resources of Alaska. Ag. Rpt. 1868, pp. 172-189, illus. The Yukon territory— Aleutian district— Tlie Sitltaii district— Genonil sum- mary — Useful indigenous Alaskan plants. The food fishes of Alaska. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 375-392, illus. Dallas, W. L. The prediction of droughts in India. W. B. Bui. No. 11, pt. 1, pp. 13-18. 1894. Climatology of southern and western Asia. W. B. Bui. No. 11, pt. 3, pp. 672-686, charts. 1896. A preliminary discussion of certain cycli(;al changes in India. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 532-538, illus. 1«97. Daly, Charles N. [Report on the commerce of Guelph, Canada. I For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 32-34. 1895. Dana, William D. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 131-134. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 131-132. Dancy, F. B. On the determination of available phosphoric acid in fertilizers containing cottou-seed meal. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp'. 161-166. 1890. Darlington, William. Weeds of American agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp, 509-519. Daugherty, J. S. [Address before good-roads convention of Texas.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 15, pp. 3-6. 1895. Davies, David C. [Eeport on the commerce of Swansea, Wales.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 85, 86. 1895. Live stock, cheese, fruit, apples, etc. Davis, G. C. Notes on a few borers. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 64-67. 1891. Special economic insects of the season. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 198-201. 1894. Mealy bugs and their allies. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 168-175. 1894. Davis, James B. Introduction of the Asiatic buffalo, the Brahmin ox, and the Cash- mere, Scindle, and Malta goats into South Carolina. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 20-22. Davis, John. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Illinois.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 448, 449. Davis, John H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in South Carolina.] Ag. Rpt. 1847, pp. 385, 386. [Report on farm crops, etc., in South Carolina.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, p. 497. 64 U. S. DEPARTMENT OK AGKICULTURE. Davis, John H. — Continued. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Soutli Carolina.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 400-402. Davis, Mrs. Laviuia K. Female life in the open air. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 430-440. Dawson, Charles P., and Theobald Smith. Injuries to cattle from swallowing pointed objects. 10th and 11th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 78-81. 1896. Da'wson, Charles P., and Veranus A. Moore. Tuberculosis in swine: The«nature.of the disease, with a report of three cases. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 207-218, illus. 1897. Day, John M. Public ownership and control of the water the only safetv for the irrigator. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 393-399. 1890. Deakin, Alfred. An Australian report on American irrigation. Unnum. rpt., pp. 197-222. 1887. Transmitted by the Commissioner of Agriculture in response to Senate resolution of August 4, 1886. Dean, Albert. Eegulating the transportation of •Southern cattle. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 399-400. 1891 . Condition of cattle in the Southwest. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., p. 377. 1893, Dean, Seneca. Eeport of Superintendent of Seed Division. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 125, 126. Deaver, Henry J. Sweet potatoes: Cultivation and management. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 222, 223. De Bow, J. D. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Louisiana.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 510-517. Decker, Horace M. On the mechanics of the kite. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 349, 350. 1897. Decroix, E. Horse typhoid fever, or gastro-iuflammatory epizootic. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 180-183. DeHart, D. E. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 15-17. 1894. Deherain. P. P. Nitrification in arable soil. E. S. E., vol. 6, pp. 353-366, 491-504. 1894. The efficacy of nitrates— Assimilation of ammonia — Transformation of the nitrogen of humus into ammonia— i'ormation of nitrates in the soil — Dis- covery of the nitric ferment— Conditions necessary to the production of nitrates in the soil — Study of drainage waters — Methods of research — Com- position of the drainage waters of manured and unmanured soils — Excess- INDEX TO AUTHORS. 65 Deherain, P. P.— Coutinued. ive nitritioiitlon in soils sent to the Grignon station— Nitrification in Auvergne and Grignon soils after pulverization and aeration in autnrim — Nitriiioatiou in samples of soil collected diuiun winter and spring — Nitri- fication in soils stirred at the surface and in those left undisturbed- Results obtaifiiMl-on vegetation boxes at Grignou during the years 1892 and 1893 — Ee8um6 and conlusions. Delaiield, J. [Report ou farm crops., etc., iu New York.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 418- 435. De Leon, Edwin. Remarks on cotton [in Egypt]. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 256-260. De Mott, James. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 210-216. De Mott, James, and John R. Young. [Report ou farm crops, etc., in New York.l Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 178-183. Demoussy, Emile. Investigations at tLe Grriguou Agricultural Experiment Station. E. S. R., vol. 5, pp. 3-27. 1893. Exhaustion of arable lauds by continuous culture without manure — Losses and gains of nitrogen in the soil— Loss of nitrogen from soil by drainage — Autumn catcli crops for retaining the nitrates washed out by drainage water — Humic matter as a necessary food for certain plants — The phos- phoric acid of the soil. Denby, Charles. Agriculture in China. Rpt. Stat. 1894, pp. 23-31. Traditional origin — Primitive methods still in vogue — Methods of fertiliza- tion and irrigation^-AKricultural implements — System of land measure- ment—Principal crops — Condition of agricultural classes — Holdings — Protits and how shared — "Wages of farm laborers — Social conditions and possibilities — Theory of land ownership — Economic questions — Chinese contentment. Dennis, R. F. Gardening in San Domingo. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 443, 444. Dennis, 'William C. On the manufacture of salt. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 142-150. Sisal hemp. A g. Rpt. 1855, pp. 242-244. Production of sisal hemp in Florida. Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 252-254. The history, commerce, sources, manufacture, and economical value of salt consumed in and exported from the United States. Ag. Rpt. 1857, pp. 133-152, illus. Denniston, G. [Report on farm crops, etc., iu New York.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 223- 225. Dent, George. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Illinois.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 539, 540. Dent, John H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 387- 389. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 503- 505, 9171.3— No. 4 5 66 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTURE. Dent, John H. — Continued. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 148, 149. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 284- 288. Denton, A. A. The manufacture of sorghum sirup. Chem. Oirc. No. 1, pp. 3, 1894. Denton, William. Report upon the basin of the Colorado in California. S. Rpt. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 376-381. 1890. Denza, F. Francesco. Meteorology of the Italian mountains. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 659-669. 1896. Derby, John S. [Report on the commerce of St. John, New Brunswick.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 54-56. 1896. De Roode, Rudolph. The determination of phosphoric acid and nitrogen in commercial fertilizers in the same weighed quantity of substance. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 104, 105. 1891. De Roode, R. J. J. Report on phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 6-16. 1893. Detmer, W. The influence of moisture, temperature, and light conditions on the process of gemination. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 405-426. 1895. Detmers, H. J. Investigation of swine plague. Ag. Rpt. 1878, pp. 331-365, illus. Description of swine plague— The symptoms— The prognosis and termina- tion — Morhid changes — First series of experiments — The contagion— The causes and the nature of the morbid process— The morhid process— Period of incubation— Measures of prevention— Treatment— Experiments at my experimental station, the veterinary hospital of the Illinois Industrial University— Supplemental report— The bacilli suis— Clinical observa- tions — Morbid changes after death. Glanders. Ag. Rpt. 1878, pp. 445-476. Farcy, or external glanders— The morbid process- The causes and origin of glanders. Investigation of swine plague. Spl. Rpt. No. 12, pp. 19-56, illus. 1879. ' Glanders. Spl. Rpt. No. 12, pp. 257-288, illus. 1879. Investigation of swine plague. Ag. Rpt., 1879, pp. 369-420. Definition of swine plague— Symptoms— Prognosis— Morbid changes— Ex- periments— Swine plague in other animals— The contagious or infectious principle— Its spreading, its propagation, and its vitality— The morbid process— Period of incubation or stage of colonization— Measures of pre- vention—Treatment—Facts and observations illustrating the means by which swine plague is spread— Swine plague not limited in its attacks to swine-— Facts and experiments relating to treatment and prevention- Experiments with healthy pigs— Misoroscopic examination— The schizo- mycetes — Results and conclusions. Investigation of swine plague (second report). Spl. Rpt. No. 22, pp. 13-67, illus. 1880. f j i, ^ , INDEX TO AUTHORS. 67 Detmers, H. J. — Coutimied. luvestigation of swiue plague. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 527-569, illus. Dclhiitiou of swine plagae— Symptoms — Prognosis — Morbid cbauffes — Post- mortem examinations — Experiments — Swiiie jjlague in other animals^Tlie infectious principle — Tlie morbid process— Stage of colonization — Meas- ures of prevention — Experiments with carbolic acid in herds — Treatment. Investigation of Texas cattle fever. Ag. Rpt. 1880, pp. 595-601, illus. The origin of the outbrealc— Experiments — Microscopic investigation. luvestigation of Texas cattle fever. Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 291-297, illus. 1881. Investigation of swine plague (third report). Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 153-195, illus. 1881. Investigation of swine plague. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 316-352. The causes of the comparative mildness and of the slower spreading of swine plague in 1880-81 — Morbid changes and morbid process — Experiments — Means of prevention — Treatment of very sick animals. Diseases among horses in Illinois. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 355-359, illus. Enzootic cerebro-meningitis among horses in Texas. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 363-371. Morbid changes — The causes of the enzootic — Duration, mortality, and treat- ment. Diseases of sheep in Texas. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 68-81. Investigation of Southern cattle fever. Unnum. r])t., pp. 103-145, illus., in "Contagious diseases of domestic animals." 1883. Diseases of sheep in Texas. Unnum. rpt. pp., 177-194, illus., in " Contagious diseases of domestic animals." 1883. Investigation of Southern cattle fever. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 426- 436. 1885. Devereaux, Thoma.s P. [Eeport on faim crops, etc., in North Carolina.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 142-144. Devoe, 'W. S. An outbreak of cattle disease in Kansas. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 322-325. 1897. De Vuyst, Paul. Agricultural education in Belgium. E. S. E., vol. 4, pp. 703-708. 1893. De-wey, C. Frank. Eeport on Hungarian milling. Ept. Stat. 1893, pp. 38-46. Devirey, Lyster H. Characteristic vegetation of the desert region from western Texas to central Arizona. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 351-355. Mesquit {Prosopis juUflora) — Parkinsonia texana — Ceanotlma fendleri — Ehus microphylla — Spanish bayonet ( Yucca baccata) — Creosote bush (Larrea mexi- cana) — Acacia bush {Acacia constricta) — Vine cactus or candlewood {Fou- quiera splendens — Amole (Agave parryi) — Giant cactus {Cereus gianteus) — Palo-verde (Parkinsonia torreyana.) 68 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Dewey, Lyster H.— Continued. The Eussian thistle aud other troublesome weeds in the wheat region of Minnesota and North aud South Dakota. F. B. So. 10, pp. 16, illus. 1893. •The Russian thistle: Its history as a weed in the United States, with an accouut of the means available for its eradication. Bot. Bui. No. 15, pp. 32, illus. 1894. Nut grass. Bot. Circ. No. 2, pp. 4, illus. 1894. The Eussian thistle. Bot. Oirc. No. 3, pp. 8, illus. 1895. Weeds; and how to kill them. F. B. No. 28, pp. 31, illus. 1895, Migration of weeds. Y. B. 1896, pp. 263-286, illus. General remarks— Weed migration by natural means— Weed migration by artificial means— History of wed migrations— Summary. Tumbling mustard ( Sisymbrium altissimum). Bot. Circ. No. 7, pp. 8, illus. 1896. Legislation against weeds. Bot. Bui. No. 17, pp. 60. 1896. Wild gavWc {Allium vineale). Bot. Circ. No. 9, pp. 8, iJlus. 1897, Three new weeds of the mustard family. Bot. Circ. No. 10, pp. 6, illus. 1897. The camphor tree [Ginnamomum camphora). Bot. Giro. No. 12, pp. 8, illus. 1897. Dewey, Osman. [Report on farm crops in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 148, 149. ^ [Report ou farm crops in Yermont.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 144-146. Dickor6, William. Suggestions for the better arrangement of food examinations. . Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 162-164. 1893. Dickson, Almar P. - f Eeport on the commerce of Gasp6 Basin, Quebec] For. Mkts. * Bui. No. 4, pp. 49, 50. 1895. Dickson, William. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 144-147. Dickson, William. Shoeing. Spl. Ept. Dis. Horse, pp. 529-541, illus. 1890. Dickson, William C. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 393- 395. Diehl, Israel S. The goat. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 216-229, illus. The wool-bearing goat— The cashmere and Thibetian goat — The angora goat — Introduction of these goats into the United States — What improve- ments can be made in the breed of goats? Dietel, P. Notes on some Uredinese of the United States. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 42, 43. 1891. Dines, W^. H. The relative merits of anemometers in general use. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 699-710, illus. 1896. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 69 Dingley, Isaac. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.! Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 154-159. [Remarks on fertilizing matter in bottoms of rivers.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, p. 153. Dixon, D. B. Hungarian millet. Ag. Rpt. 1856, p. 306. Dobbins, J. R. The spread of the Australian ladybird. I. L., vol. 2, p. 112. 1889. Dodge, Allen. Report on the condition of dairying in the principal dairy States. Unnum. rpt., pp. 35. 1880. Dodge, Allen 'W. Orchards : Their cultivation and management. Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 276-281. Dodge, Charles Richards. Vegetable fibers in the collection of the Department of Agricul- ture. Ag. Rpt. 1879, pp. 497-611. Economic classification of fibers — AnonaoesB — MalvacesB — Sterciiliaceis — Tili- aceJB — Linace® — Legnminosie — Onagraceae — Myrtacese — Cucurbitacese — ApocynacesB — Asclepiadaceae — Cordiacese — Thymalaceas — Urticaceae — Moracese — Canabinacese — Musaceae — Bromeliaceae — Amaryllidacete — Pal- maceae — Pandan acese — Liliacese — Juncacese — Cyperacese — Gramineaj — Dicksonieie — Our flax and hemp industries — Production — Foreign supply — Domestic imports and exports — Quality — Prices — Competition — Manufac- ture — TariH:' considerations — Cultivation — Ramie — Jnte — Fiber machin- ery — The cultivation of Abutilon avicennce in New Jersey, with letter of Prof. Sylvester Waterhouse — An act to encourage the production and treatment of fibers in the State of New Jersey — List of patents for fiber machinery and processes. A descriptive catalogue of the manufactures from native woods, as shown in the exhibit of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and at the World's Industrial and Cotton Exposition at New Orleans, Louisiana. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 9, pp. 84, 1886. The life and entomological work of the late Townend Glover, first entomologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ent. Bui. No. 18, pp. 68, illus. 1888. Flax culture in Europe. Fiber Rpt. No. 1, pp. 11-26, Illus. 1890. The hemp industry in France. Fiber Rpt. No. 1, pp. 27-31. 1890. The ramie machine trials. Fiber Rpt. No. 1, pp. 32-59, illus. 1890. Fiber production in America. Fiber Rpt. No. 1, pp. 43-73, illus. 1890. The ramie question. Fiber Rpt. No. 1, pp. 75-90. 1890. Jute and other fibers. Fiber Rpt. No. 1, pp. 91-94. 1890. Report of the special agent in charge of fiber investigations. Ag. Rpt. 1890, pp. 451-470. Flax— Hemp — Sisal cultivation in Florida — Ramie— Other fibers. Report of the special agent in charge of fiber investigations. Ag. Rpt. 1891, pp. 417-438, illus. The sisal hemp industry in Florida— Soil, climate, and culture— Yield per acre- Preparation of the fiber — The flax industry. 70 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE, Dodge, Charles Richards— Continued. Eecent facts regarding tbe ramie industry in America, with brief statements relating to manufacture in Europe, etc. Fiber Rpt. No. 2, pp. 16, illus. 1891. The sisal hemp plant in Florida. Fiber Kpt. No. 3, pp. 9-47, illus. 1891. Eeport of the special agent in charge of fiber investigations. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 359-376, illus. Leaf fibers in sontliern Florid.i— Experiments at Cocoaiiut Grove (Bisoayne Bay) — Ijimit of sisal hemp cultivation — Work at the experimental fac- tory — Regarding cultivation— The machine question— False sisal hemp— The pineapple fiber — Bowstring hemp— New Zealand hemp. The ramie machine trials at New Orleans. Ept. Stat. 1892, pp. 347-354. Flax culture for fiber. Fiber Ept. No. 4, pp. 9-39. 1892. Eamie culture in the South. O. B. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 164-166. 1893. Sisal hemp investigations. Fiber Ept. No. 5, pp. 11-27, illus. 1893. False sisal hemp {Agave decipiens). Fiber Rpt. No. 5, pp. 28-33, illus. 1893. Other fiber-producing agaves. Fiber Rpt. No. 5. pp. 31-43, illus. 1893. Pineapple fiber [Ananassa saiiva). Fiber Ept. No. 5, pp. 44-51. 1893, Bowstring hemp. Fiber Hpt. No. 5, pp. 52-61, illus. 1893. New Zealand flax {Phormium tenax). Fiber Ept. No. 5, pp. 62-69, illus. 1893. Bear grass, or yucca fiber (Yucca Jilt (mentosa). Fiber Ept. No. 5, pp. 70-73, illus. 1893. Eenort of the special agent in charge of fiber investigations. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 567-584. Introductory — The fiber exhibit of the Department at Chicago — The pro- duction of jute — Progress in the ramie industry — Macliines for decorticat- ing ramie for fiber trials— The process of degumming ramie — Character of green ramie— Ramie maimfactnres- Ramie culture in the United States- Cultural experiments— Flax culture for fiber — Flax machines— Flax cul- tural experiments — Tlie growth of flax for export — Pineapple fiber — Machines for extracting the fiber — Palmetto fiber industries — Uses of palmetto leaf, stems, roots, etc. — The iudigenons bast fibers. A report on the uncultivated bast fibers of the United States, including the history of previous experiments with the plants or fibers, and brief statements relating to the allied species that are produced commercially in the Old World. Fiber Ept. No. 6, pp. 54, illus. 1894. Facts concerning ramie. Y. B. 1894, pp. 443-460, illus. History and description — The industry in America — Comparison of ramie and fiax — Methods of decortication — Climate, soil, and culture — Harvest- ing the crop — Yield of ramie — Extracting the fiber — After-processes and manufacture. Eeport of the OfiQce of Fiber luvestigations. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 197, 198. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 71 Dodge, Charles Richards— Continued. A report on the cultivation of ramie in the United States, with statements concerning tho practice in foreign countries, cost of cultivation, and percentages of yield, the machine question, and preparation of the fiber for manufacture. Fiber Rpt. No. 7, pp. 63,illus. 1895. Flax for seed and fiber. F. B. No. 27, pp. 16. 1895. Hemp culture. Y. B. 1895, pp. 215-222. Report of the OfiBce of Fiber Investigations. Ag. Ept. 1895. pp. 187, 188. A report on the culture of hemp and jute in the United States, with statements concerning the practice in foreign countries, the preparation of the fiber for market, and remarks on the machine question. Fiber Ept. No. 8, pp. 43, illus. 1896. Report of the Office of Fiber Investigations. Ag. Rpt. 1896, pp. 27, 28. Report of the Special Agent of the Office of Fiber Investigations. Ag. Rpt. 1897, pp. 21-24. A descriptive catalogue of the useful fiber plants of the world, including the structural and economic classifications of fibers. Fiber Rpt. No. 9, pp. 361, illus. 1897. Dodge, Harvey. Farming in Worcester, Massachusetts. Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 268-277. Agricultural education. Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 19-30. Dodge, J. A. Condition of the poultry and egg industry. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 305-334. 1893. Dodge, J. E. Report on fattening of pigs. Ag. Rpt. 1850, p. 191. Dodge, J. R. West Virginia. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 42-87. Location — Population — Education and progress — State of improvement — Forest lands — Climate — Altitude — Temperature — Kainfall — Salubrity — Surface and soil — Table of farm- lands and farm stock in the valley coun- ties in 1860 — Table of farm products — The mountains — The " panhandle" — The river conuties — The Kanawha Valley — Southern counties — The central counties — Statistics of production — Statement of the number and value of different kinds of live stock — Statement exhibiting the quantity and value of some of the principal items of farm produce — Minerals — Mineral springs — Travertine — Limestone — Salt — Iron — Coal — Internal improve- ments — Eoads — Improvement of rivers — Railroads — Political organization. Maize paper and maize cloth. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 436-438. Birds and bird laws. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 431-446. Uses of birds — A balance in animal production necessary — Their utility as insect destroyers— False charges refuted — How to protect the birds — Digest of bird and game laws. Consular correspondence. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 487-504. Gasp6 Basin, Canada east — Sonora — Pita fiber — Dye and cabinet woods of Honduras — Coffee in Nicaragua — Cotton and other Brazilian products — Cotton in Panama — Cotton in Peru— Valley of the Hnaucabamba — Cotton and sugar of Pernambuco — The yucca — Lobos islands guano — Agriculture of Sweden— Exports of Denmark in 1862— Decrease of production in Ire- land — Agricultural exports of Russia — Statements of exports from Russia during five years, from 1857 to 1862, inclusive- Forage plants in Prussia — 72 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. , Dodge, J. R. — Continued. Tobacco in Italy— Wine crop of France— The wheat crop of France— Turnip-rooted chervil— Grapes aud other products of Malagar— Exports from Brindisi, Italy— Products of the Ionian Isles — Cochineal in Teneriffe— Trade of Tripoli— Cotton in Morocco— Pleuro-pneumonia— Grapevines from Japan. China grass. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 347-352. Long- wool slaeep. Ag. Ept. 18(55, pp. 479-484, illus. Madder. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 339-346. Properties and uses — Imports— Climate and soil — Culture in Zealand — Cul- ture in France. The cattle plague in Europe. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 550-569. History of the disease— The disease in Great Britain— Cattle plague in India — Nature of the disease— Symptoms— A discovery — Effects — Means of pre- vention — British cattle-plague act — Laws of continental nations — Ameri- can cattle in danger. :Report of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 54-87. The crops of 1865— Average value of crops per acre — The farm stock of 1865 — Table showing the total value of live stock — Farm stock of the United States and Europe — Sheep killed by dogs— Production and consumption of wool— Agricultural exports- New York cattle supply for 1865 — Wool prod- ucts of the Pacific coast— Immigration at New York. The Jaques "Cream-pot" stock. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 292-294. Why and where mutton sheep are profitable. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 341-354, illus. Weight of fleeces — Breeding to grease — Hardiness — Production of mutton. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 51-96. The crops of 1866 — The cotton crop — Agricultural statistics of Great Brit- ain — Farm products and domestic animals in Europe — Farm stock in 1866 — Health and condition of farm stock — Diseases of cattle — Spanish fever — Diseases of horses— Diseases of sheep — Diseases of hogs — Depredations of f dogs — Wages of farm labor — Board of farm laborers — Comparison with European labor — Imports of wools and woolens — Agricultural exports — Receipts at New York cattle market in 1866. Eeport of the StaXistician. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 77-128. Crops of 1867 — Farm stock — Condition of farm stock — Cattle — Sheep — Horses — Hogs — Sugar production in Louisiana — Relative value of lands in the United States — Change in farm values — Value of unimproved lands — Wool and woolens — Agricultural exports. Eeport of the editor. Ag. Ept. 1868, p. 190. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 16-58. Wheat — Corn — Cotton — Crops of 1868— Condition and number of farm stock- Diseases of cattle — The Spanish Fever — Missouri — Illinois — Indiana — Ohio — Kansas — Diseases of horses — Diseases of swine — Diseases of sheep — Losses anil depredations by dogs — Exports of wheat and corn — Exports of corn — Imports of wool and woolens— Agricultural exports — Immigration — Sugar production in Louisiana— The great stock markets — Boston live stock markets — Receipts of cattle in Chicago, 1867-68 — Prices of bread- stnffs at New York. Eeport of the editor. Ag. Ept. 18C9, pp. 157, 158. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1869,, pp. 20-59. Crops of 1869— Number and condition of farm stock— Diseases of cattle- Diseases of horses— Diseases of sheep — Diseases of swine — Number and price of farm animals— Live stock markets— Pork packing in the West- Meat production in Europe— Prices of farm products- Imports of wool and woolens— Agricultural exports— Cane sugar production— Hemp and flax- Immigration. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 73 Dodge, J. R, — Continued. lieport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 24-64, Crops of 1870 — Number and oondition of farm stock— Diseases of cattle — Diseases of horses — Diseases of sheep — Diseases of swine — Live stock markets — Southwestern Virginia cattle trade — Wool production and con- sumption — Production of other countries — Cotton lousumption — Market prices of farm products for 1870— Immigration — Agricultural export^. Eeport of the editor. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 153-155. Eeport of the editor. Ag. Ept. 1871, pp. 123, 124. Eeport on statistical and historical investigations of the progress and results of the Texas cattle disease. Bis. Cattle, pp. 175-202. 1871. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1871, pp. 13-68, illus. The crops of 1871 — The crop estimates of 1871 — Condition of farm animals — The wool business — Rice production— Census of 1870 — Statement of the number of acres of improved and unimproved lands in farms lu the States and Territories, and of the value of farms and farm implements — State- ment showing the distrihntion of farm animals in proportion to tlie population in the several States in 1860 and 1870 —Market prices of farm products for 1871 — ^Live stock markets — Pork packing in the West. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1872, pp. 9-112, illus. The crop of 1872— Condition of farm animals — Condition of stock in the spring — Diseases of farm animals — Prices of farm animals — Tables showing the estimated total number and total value of each kind of live stock, and the average price in January, 1873 — The forests of the United States — Agri- cnltnral exports — Distribution of agricultural exports— Statement by countries, showing the value of agricnltnral products exported from the United States to foreign countries during the fiscal year — Statement by countries, showing the export of agricultural implements during the fiscal year — Market prices of farm products during 1872 — Live stock market — Pork packing in the West. Agriculture of the Old World. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 557-562. French schools of agriculture. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 212-220. Practical hints from agricultural statistics. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 260- 266. Uses of agricultural statistics — the breadth of our statistical field — Statisti- cal test of current practices^Weak point in New England agriculture — A Western fallacy — Folly of foreign dependence — The error of the South — Southern manufacturing — the collection of statistics — Conclusions. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1874, pp. 15-121. The crops of 1874— Condition of farm animals — Table showing the estimated total number and value of each kind of live stock and the average price — The tobacco crop — The small crop of 1874 — ^'arieties and uses — ^Eotation — Culture and curing — Marketing — The exportation — Wheat-drilling vs. broadcasting — Public lands of the United States — Agricultural exports — Exports of cereals — Flour and grain movements — Recapitulation — Live stock markets — Pork packing — Summer packing — Pork packing on the Pacific slope — Pork packing in the seaboard cities — Immigration — Market prices of farm products for 1874 — The personnel and profit of our agricul- ture. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 17-114, illus. Crop estimates for the year — Numbers and condition of farm animals — Cen- tennial statistics— Maps — Diagrams — Charts — The tobacco crop — Flour and grain movements — Domestic trade— Recapitulation — Live-stock mar- kets-Pork packing— Pork packing in the East— Pork packing on the Pacific slope— Agricultural exports— Market prices of farm products Jor 1875 — Live-stock markets. 74 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Dodge, J. R. — Continued. The sheep and wool of the world. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 207-244, illus. Progress of the century in sheep raising — Effect of circumstance in modify- ing breeds — Growth of demand for wool and of supply — The international show of sheep — Recent improvements and present status of sheep hus- bandry — Increase of production and manufacture. Is production declining? Mo. Rpt. 1876, pp. 457, 458. Extract from an address on cereal production. Digest of monthly [crop] returns. Mo. Ep. 1876, pp. 3-31, Digest of April [crop] returns, Mo. Rpt. 1876, pp. 75-103. Winter wheat prospects — Condition of farm animals — Diseases of farm ani- mals—Wool clij) of 1875 — The tobacco crop. Report of the Statistician. Ag. Rpt. 1876, pp. 87-282, illus. Crop estimates of the year — Crops of the past year — Numbers and condition of farm animals — Cotton investigation — The cotton area — Acreage in com and cotton — Fertilizers — Changes in modes of culture — Decrease in size of farms — Labor — White labor in cotton growing. — Freedmen land-owners — Cost and price — Instances of large yields — Varieties of seed — Increase of area in siipply products— Summary of resnlts^Sugar production — Sugar production in the United States — Beet sugar — Sorghum — Maple sngar — Grape sirup — Sugar from watermelons — Agricultural exports — Recapitula- tion — Flour and grain movements— Domestic trade — Live-stock markets — Pork packing in the West; on the Pacific Slope; Canada — Pork product of winter packing — Exports of hog products — Comparative exports — Mar- ket prices of farm products for 1876 — Live-stock markets — International statistics — Population and areas — Average quantity of seed sown per acre — Relations with South America. Report of the Statistician. Ag. Rpt. 1877, pp. 149-228, illus. Crop estimates of 1877 — Western movement of wheat and corn growing — Numbers and prices of horses and mules -Numbers and prices of cattle — Numbers and prices of sheep and swine — Rice — Flax and flax products in the United States — Manufactures — Our agricultural exports — Recapitula- tion — Exports of four years of bread, meat, and cotton — Quantity and value of cheese exportation— Distribntion of our agricultural products — Prices of farm products — Weights per bushel in the several States — Distri- bution of farm products — Flour barrels — Market prices of farm products in 1877 — Live stock markets— Pork packing in the West; in the East; on the Pacific slope; in Canada — Recapitulation. Report of the Statistician. Ag. Rpt. 1881, pp. 577-667. The crops of 1881 — Corn — Wheat — Oats — Barley — Rye — Buckwheat— Pota- toes — Crop estimates for 1881 — Cattle exports — Advance in price of beeves — t^arm animals at Chicago — Winter feeding of farm animals — Growth of the cotton industry — Acreage — Increase of production of cere- als — Average yield by States — Seeding of wheat — Proportion of drilled and advantages of drilling — Rates of wages of farm laborers in the United States — Transient wages in harvest — Population — Karms of the United States— Sugar cane— Incomplete returns of the State assessors — Pork pack- ing — Our agricultural exports —Market prices of farm products for 1881 — Live stock marliets — Railroad building— The Division and its work. Report of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1882, pp. 667-676. Crops of the year 1882— Corn — Wheat— Oats — Barley— Potatoes — Cotton- Sugar production — Seediug of winter grain. Report of the Statistician. Ag. Rpt. 1883, pp. 251-423. Crop estimates of 1882 — Numbers and values of horses, mules, milch cows, oxen and other cattle, sheep, and hogs — Wintering of farm animals- Recent improvement in cattle — Stock statistics — Employment of the peo- ple—Relation of agriculture to other industries — Value of lauds— Income of the farmer— Wages of labor- Our wheat exports — Exports of corn— INDEX TO AUTHORS. 75 Dodge, J. R.— Continued. Eank of States in grain prodnction— Consumption and distribution of corn and wheat— Corn-surplus States— Increase of farms— Sorghum— Value of the sorghum crop- American competition with European agriculture — A crisis in German agriculture- Transmarine competition in food products— Gatelller on cheap fertilization— Exports of agriculture— Dairy statistics- Freight rates— Market prices of farm products— European statistics. Agricultural production for American consumption. Ept. Stat., Sept., 1884, pp. 41-45. Farm prices of the crop of 1884. Ept. Stat., Dec, 1884, pp. 11-14, Report of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 419-565, illus. Methods of crop reports — Crop estimates of 1883— Meteorological influences of the season — Numher and values of horses, mules, milch cows, oxen and other cattle, sheep, and hogs by States — Conditions, diseases, and losses of farm animals — Percentage of high-grade cattle — Improvement by breed- ing—Live-stock distribution — Proportion of breeds imported — Domestic consumption of corn — Proportion of merchantable corn — Amount of wheat on hand in March— Weight of wheat — Proportion of land in farms — Farm values of products of agriculture— Other industries increase farm values — Average wages per month — Value of farm animals — Increase of farm animals in thirty years— Progress of wheat production in thirty years- Yield per acre of wheat — Product of wheat per head — Exportation of wheat in fifty-eight years — Product per head of the wheat of Europe and the United States — Yield of corn in 1879 and 1883 in groups of States — Annual variation in yield of corn — Yield per acre of com — Product per head of corn — Progress of corn production — Exportation of corn in fifty- eight years — Effect of the varying product on price of corn — Production of cereals in thirty years — Production and export of corn and wheat. — Product and export of cereals — Product per head of all cereals — Progress of cotton production — Area of cotton — Sugar consumption and pro- dnction — Railway facilities of the world — Farm values — Farm and forest areas — Forest lands in farms — Agricultural production for American con- sumption — Agricultural exports of 1883-84^0ntario statistics— Agricul- tural statistics of Great Britain — Australasian statistics — Railroad and telegraph mileage — Production of wine in France — Wheat production in India — Yield of field crops in Russia — Market prices of farm products for 1884 — Live-stock markets — Freight rates of 1884 — Crops of the year 1884— Meteorological conditions — Farm prices of the crop of 1884. Applied science as a factor of rural production. Ept. Stat., July, 1885, pp. 31-35. [Address before the National Swine Breeders' Association at Chicago, November 11, 1885.] Ept. Stat., Dec, 1885, pp. 26-32. Extent of home consumption — Variableness of production — One way to increase consumption — History of exports — Trichina — Foreign prohibi- tion — Libeling the American hog — What shall be done? A report of exhibits illustrating agricultural statistics at the World's Industrial and Cotton Exposition at New Orleans, Louisiana. TJnnum, rpt., pp. 42, diag. 1885. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 345-430, illus. Value and production of oats, wheat, corn, rye, barley, and buckwheat for a series of years — Aggregate of potatoes, hay, and tobacco — Crop esti- mates for 1884 — Farm animals — Market prices of cattle — Swine breeding in America — The wheat distribution — Production and exportation— Effects of product on price — Increase of wheat yield — The potatoes of the world — Agricultural exports and imports — Wages of farm labor — Agricultural implements— The money value of scientific agriculture— Transportation rates — Cereal supply of Europe — The crops of the year— Temperature and rainfall— Corn — Wheat — Oats— Other cereals — Potatoes— Cotton— Winter wheat— Farm prices — Flax — Farm animals— Live stock in foreign coun- tries — International dairy statistics — Foreign customs— Imports— Con- clusion. 76 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Dodge, J. R. — Continued. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Rpt. 1886, pp. 359-458. Speculation and crop reporting — What does 100 mean? — The old-fashioned plan of cvop reporting— Domestic distribution and consumption of corn- Proportion of merchantable corn — Value of corn crop — Quantity and value of corn exportation from 1881 to 1886 — Consumption and distribu- tion of wheat from 1881 to 1887— "Value of the wheat crop from 1875 to 1886 — Exportation of wheat — Value and production of oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, hay, tobacco, and cotton — Remarks on the cotton crops — Farm animals — ^Estimated number and valneof horses, mules, milch cows, oxen and otlier cattle, sheep, and hogs— Supply and demand of wheat nnd corn for five years— Debts of farmers by States — Frauds upon farmers — Agricultural exports vs. imports — Transportation rates — Foreign trade of South America — Railroads — Farm animals of the world — Foreign farm statistics. Eeport of tTie Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 523-604, illus. Current crop statistics — Production and value of corn, wheat, oats, cotton, Irish potatoes, and flax for a series of years— Crop estimates for 1886— Farm animals, their nunrber and value — Swine products and exports — The world's wheat surplus — Surplus products of American agriculture — Wages of farm labor — Rent of farms — International Statisticallnstitute — Trans- portation rates — Transatlantic rates — Conclusion. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 405-476. Current crop statistics — Crops of the year— Corn — Wheat — Oats — Rye — Bar- ley — Buckwheat — All cereals — Potatoes — Tobacco — Hay — Crop estimates for 1887 — Farm animals — Numbers — Values — Condition of farm animals — Horses — Cattle — Sheep — Hogs — Commercial movement of farm animals — Sheep — Swine — Transportation rates — -Transatlantic rates — Agricultural exports and imports — Statistics of Japan — Population — Territorial area — Farm animals^-Silk production — Production of tea — Production of sugar — Wages — Exports and imports — Railroads, telegraphs, etc. — Egyptian agri- culture — Fruit trees and vines — Farm animals — Exports and average price of cotton Production from sugar cane in the Daira Sanieb^Agricnlture in Austriilia — Distribution of laud in France — Number and size of farms — Wheat crop of India — Hop production of Europe — Comparative rates of yield — Division work and methods. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 201-272. Current crop production — Corn — Wheat — Oats— Barley — Rye— Bnckwheat — All cereals— Tobacco — Potatoes — Hay — Crop estimates for 1888 — I'arm animals — Distrilmtion of cattle, sheep, and swine — Foreign agricultural exclianges — Wool production in the United States — Home production of wool — Wool imports — So-called carpet wools — Cheapness controls impor- tation — Summary of the supply — Bee-keeping — Foreign trade and the American surplus — Wlieat — Cotton — Wool — Tobacco — The possibilities of agricultural exportation — Distribution of corn and wheat — The arid lands — Transition — Irrigating problems — Transportation rates — Reduction in foreign rates. Album of agricultural graphics of the United States. Charts. J 889. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 278-360, illus. Crops of the year — Cereal crops of the year in detail — Corn — Wheat — Oats- Farm animals — Distribution of domestic animals — Cattie — Sheep — Swine — Progress of AraericaTi dairying — I'he domestic food supply — Wages of farm labor — Wages per month by the year— Fluctuation of agricultural prices — The price ol' corn — Wheat prices — Chicago prices of cereals — Cotton production and trade of the world — Production of the world — Trade of the world — Statistical graphics^ — Album of agricultural gra))liics — Imports and exports of agricultural products — Foreign dis- tribution of cereals — Sugar production in Europe — Agriculture in Canada — Agriculture in Mexico — South American statistics — Argentine Republic — \'e_iiezuela — Colombia — Pan-American trade — Transportation rates — Rates from Missouri River points — Reduction in all-rail rates- Monthly rates from Chicago — Lake and canal rates — Transatlantic rates. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 77 Dodge, J. R. — Continued. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 273-340. Crops of the year — Meteiorology — Efi'eot of these conditions on the crops — A brief of crop records- The main cereal crops — Wheat — Distribution and consumption of breadstuffs — Corn — Wheat — Permanency of agricultural production — Europe nearly self-supporting — Our resources not exhausted — The surplus not limited — The wheat surplus not immediately exhausti- ble—Nor is wheat-growing declining in Europe — The ludiau scare — Con- clusions — Official returns of Eussian cereals — Gradual development of crop statistics — Official record of Russian cereals — Numbers and values of farm animals — Commercial movement of farm animals — Meat exportation — Agricultural exports and imports — Foreign tariffs on farm products — Duties under reciprocity treaties — Transportation rates — Transatlantic rates — The Erie Canal. Album of agricultural graphics. Charts. 1891. [Address before the Patrons of Husbandry of Concord, New Hamp- shire, November 16, 1892.] Ept. Stat. 1892, pp. 386-391. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 403-470. Crops of the year — Meteorology — Crop history of the year — The main cereal crops — Corn — Wheat^ Oats— Winter wheat — Flaxseed — Farm prices — Primary prices of farm products — Prices on primary markets — Wheat grow in g in 1 nd ia — Th e grain surplus — Farm anim als — Numbers an d values — Distribution and consumption — Corn — Value of the crop — Wheat — Agri- cultural products of the world — Wheat — Corn — Oats — The wool of the world — In complete assessors' returns — Beet-sugar production — Transporta- tion rates — Lake and canal rates — Transatlantic rates. Dodge, Miss Ii. C. Education of farmers' daughters. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 441-454. National ideas in education — A rural ideal — Mental training — Moral culture — Physical development — Domestic economy. Dodge, Martin. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 24-29. 1894. Eoad building iu Ohio. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 17, pp. 16-23, illus. 1895. Doremus, David R. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Jersey.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 231, 232. Dorr, S. M. Marbles of Eutland County, Vermont. Ag. Ept. 1862. pp. 448-452. Dorset, Marion, and E. A. de Schweinitz. The growth of the tuberculosis bacillus upon acid media. B. A. I. Bui. No. 13, pp. 7-10, illus. 1896. Doubleday, A. Letter on cost of raising wheat and corn. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 401, 402. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 412-414. Dougherty, Ediward. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 339-342, Douglas, Thomas. SUk culture. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 824-828. 78 U. S. DEPAETMENiT OF AGRICULTURE. Dowrliiig', N. J. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 36-38. 1894. Drake, W. E. What mechanical work shall we give to the students of our agri- cultural colleges? O. E. S. Bui. No. 24, pp. 71-74. 1895, Draper, Daniel. Relative merits of the various types of registering maximum aud minimum thermometers. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 710-718, illus. 1896. Drisko, George W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Bpt. 1850, pp. 422-426. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 120-124. Dniry, Erastus W. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 191, 192. Dudley, P. H. Structure of certain timber ties; behavior and causes of their decay in the roadbed, together with experiments on the adhesion of spikes. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 31-62, illus. 1887. Dudley, Timothy. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Adams County, Illinois.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 542-544. s [Report on farm crops, etc., in Illinois,] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 443, 444. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Illinois.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 323-327. Duffie, Matthew M. [Report on the commerce of Winnipeg, Manitoba.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 65, 66. 1895. Dug^s, Eugene. Description of Leonia rileyi, a new melo'id genus Horuia. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 211-213, illus. 1889. Duggan, T. H. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 348, 349. Duggar, J. P. Sweet potatoes: Culture and uses. F. B. No. 26, 'pp. 30, illus. 1895. Potato culture. F. B. No. 35, pp. 24, illus. 1896. Dunbavard, Joseph. "Gang," "driven," and artesian wells. S. Rpt. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 391-393, illus. 1890. Dumble, E. T. Report on the existence of artesian waters west of the ninety- seventh meridian, etc. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 99-102. 1890. Duncan, T. C. Ostrich farming in America, Ag, Rpt. 1888, pp. 685-702, illus. The first ostrich farm in America — The second farm — Difficulties in accliniati- zation— Obstacles iuthe way — Ostriches an attraction — More farms — Incu- bators and ostrich eggs— A glimpse of ostrich farming in Africa— The INDEX TO AUTHORS. 79 Duncan, T. C— Continued. ostrich family— Peculiar anatomy of tlie Striitkio canictos— Diseases and defects — What ostriches eat — Ages, distinguishing features, and manage- ment — Royal plumes, plucking and profits — Ostrich eggs and meat as choice food — General utility of the ostrich — Ostrich farming at other points — Invitations from Mexico and Guatemala — Present prices of ostriches. Duulap, Albert. Investigation of swine plague, Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 135-156. 1 879. Duulap, M. Ii. Agricultural machinery. A.g. Ept. 1863, pp. 416-435, illus. Machines for preparing the soil — The steel clipper plow — Gang plows— The steam plow — The rotary spader — Trial of implements — The plow, or two- horse cultiyator — The double-shovel plow — The roller and the harrow — The iron roller — Broadcast seed sowers and drills -Machines for the meadow — Hay rakes — Baling and shipping — Harvesting grain — Binding with wire twenty acres — To harvest by hand twenty acres — Thrashing and cleaning — The thrashing of clover — Draining— Mole drains — Farm mills — Sorghum mills. Dunn, H. D. California: Her agricultural resources. Ag. Ept. 1866. \3p. 581- 610. Soil and climate — Population — Cereals — Stock raising — Dairy products — Honeybees — Green fruits — Semitropical fruits — Dried fruits — Nut fruits — Berry and other small fruits — Vegetables — Textile fibers — Woolgrowing— SUk growing — Tobacco — Sorghum — Sugar beets — Sugar cane — Rice — Nut- megs, tea, and peppers — Timber trees and their products — Wines and brandies — General remarks — Advantages and drawbacks of agriculture — The great wants of California. Productions of OaUfornia. Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 26-30. Dumwoody, H. H. C Summary of international meteorological observations. W. B. unnum. rpt., pp. 10, illus. 1893. Weather conditions of the crop of 1892. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 586-596. State Weather Service Division. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 587-626. Introduction — Publications — Thunderstorms — Voluntary stations — Map dis- plays at U. S. Capitol — Improvement of the weather service — Routine work — Operations of State weatlier services. Weather conditions of the crop of 1892. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 579- 587, illus. The value of forecasts. Y. B. 1894, pp. 121-128. Diversified interests affected by forecasts — Interests directly benefited by forecasts— The storm of March 27, 1890— The "Sea Islands" and "Trop- ical" storms — Saving of XJroperty and life — Extracts from annual reports of various stations. Functions of State weather services. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, po. 9-13. 1894. State weather service organizations. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 285-291. 1895. Durley, James. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 330-332. Dustin, Nathan. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 387, 388. 80 U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Dyar. Harrison G. •- Preparatory stages of Syntomeida epilais aacl Scepsis edwardsii. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 300-362. 1890. Descriptiou of certain lepiclopterous larvae, I. L., vol. 3, ppi Gl-63. 1890. Description of certain lepiclopterous larvae. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 389- 391. 1891. A list of SphingidiB and BombycidtB taken by electric lamps at Poughkeepsie, New York. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 322-325. 1891. Dyer, Reuben F. Investigation of swine plague. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 156-165. 1879. Dyer, S. Allen. [Report on the experiments in the production of rainfall.] S. Ex. Doc. JSTo. 45, pp. 39-41. 1892. Dyrenforth, R. G. [Experiments in the production of rainfall.] S. Ex. Doc. No. 45, pp. 59, illus. 1892. , Barle, F. S. [Eeport on experiments with fungicides.] Bot. Bui. No. 11, pp. % 83-88. 1890. Earle, Henry M. [Report on larm crops, etc., in South Carolina.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 91-93. Easby, 'William B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc, in Tennessee.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 353-355. Eastman, B. F. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 218, 219. Eastman, H. H. Details of au experiment on raising potatoes in the year 1852. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 414-417. Eaton, Daniel C. List of mosses from Fuegia and Patagonia collected by the IT. S. S. Albatross in 1887-1891. Oont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 138, 139. 1890-1895. Bckfeldt, J. W. List of lichens from California and Mexico collected by Dr. Edward Palmer from 1888 to 1892. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 291, 292 1890-1895. Eckstein, D. Eeport on agriculture in the Netherlands in 1885, Ept. Stat. 1886, pp. 83,84. Edelman, M. Th. On the construction of earth-magnetic instruments. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 522-539, illus. 1895. Edmunds, J. M. Forests, Mo. Ept. 1869, pp. 22-25. The uses of forests— Their waste — Preservation — Growth — The plains and plateau. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 81 EdsoD, Hubert. Record of experiments at the sugar expeiiiiient station on Calumet plantation, Pattersonville, Louisiana. Gliem. Bui. No. 23, pu. 42. 1889. ^^ Ed-wards, Henry. Notes on noises made by Lepidoptera. I.L., vol.2, pp. 11-15. 1889. Birth of a beautiful exotic lepidopterous insect in New York. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 316, 317, illus. 1891. Notes on the habits and earlier stages of Oryptophasa unipunctata in Australia. 1. L., vol. 3, pp. 384-386, illus. 1891. Edwards, Joseph, and John Miller. [Eeport on farm crops in Delaware.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 121-128. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.! Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 149-169. Edwards, Joseph, and Minshall Painter. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 436-454. Edwards, Samuel. Timber on the prairies. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 495-498. Edwards, William W. [Eeport on farming operations in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 467, 468. EgglestOD, 'WilUam. The Eandall grass. Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 305. Egleston, N. H. Forestry Division. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 444-462. Eeport on forestry. Forestry Ept., vol. 4, pp. 421. 1884. The value and management of Government timber lands. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 5, pp. 11-1 7. 1884. Eeport of the Chief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 137-180. Eeport of the Chief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 183-206, illus. Forest experiment stations in connection with agricultural colleges. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 153-158. 1885. Connection of railroads with forest fires. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 128- 132. 1887. Summary of legislation for the preservation of timber or forests on the public domain. For. Bui. No. 2, pp. 212-220. 1889. Arbor day : Its history and observance. Unnum. rpt., pp. 80. 1896. Eiseu, Gustave. Cultivation of the raisin grape by irrigation. S. Ex. Doc. No. 63, pp. 225-233. 1891. The first introduction of Blastophaga psenes into California. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 128, 129. 1891. 21713— No. 4 6 82 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Bldred, F. S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 329, 330. Eliot, John. Droughts and famines in India. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 444- 459. 1895. Elliot, D. G. The "game birds" of the United States. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 356-385, illus. Wild turkey {Meleagris gallopavo) — Mexican wild turkey {M. mexicanua) — Ooellated turkey {M. ocellata) — ^Cock of the plains {Centrocercus uropha- sianus) — Ruffed grouse {Bonasa umbellus) — Sabine's grouse {B. saUnei) — Allied grouse (B.nmbelloides) — Prairie hen (Cupidonia cupido) — Sharp-tail grouse (PedioGwtes coliimManus) — Arctic sharp-tail grouse (P. phaaianel- lus) — Dusky grouse (Dendragapus ohacurus) — Richardson's grouse (D.rich- ardsonii) — Spruce grouse {Canace canadensis) — Franklin's grouse (Canace franklinii) — White-tail ptarmigan {Lagopus leucurus) — Willow ptarmigan (L. aZftas)— Partridges (Perdicidw) — Virginian partridge {Ortyx Virginia- nus) — Texan partridge (Ortyx texensis) — Plumed partridge (Oreortyx pic- tus) — California partridge (Lophortyx californicus) — Gambel's partridge (i. fiambelii) — Scaly partridge {Callipepla squamata) — Massena partridge (Cyr- tonyx masserja)— Woodcock {Philohela minor) — Wilson's, or English, snipe (Gallinago wilsonii) — Wild pigeon {JSctopistes migratoria). Elliott, C. G. Farm drainage. F. B. ISo. 40, pp. 24, illus. 1896. Elliott, F, R. Popular varieties of the apple, pear, and grape. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 119-130, illus. Popular varieties of hardy fruits. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 141-151, illus. Apples, pears, quinces, cherries, plums, peaches, apricots. Popular varieties of hardy fruits. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 186-191, illus. Apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, pears, plums. Popular varieties of hardy fruits. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 131-136, illus. Apples, pears, cherries, raspberries, oranges. Popular varieties of hardy fruits. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 129-139, illus. Apples, cherries, nectarines, peaches, pears. Popular varieties of fruits. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 368-388. Varieties recently introduced — Crabapples, pears, cherries, grapes, peaches. Elliott, Sterling. [Address on road improvement.] Koad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 61, 62. Ellis, Gr. H. Eeport of experiments in wood seasoning. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 57- 62, illus. 1889. Ellis, J. B. Triblidium rufiilum. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 29, 30. 1889. The genus Scleraderma in Saccards's Sylloge. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 23, 24. 1889. INDEX TO AUTHOKS. 83 Ellis, J. B. — Continued. Description of some new species of fungi. Jour. Mvcol., vol. 7, pp. 374-278. 1893. Ellis, J. B., and P. W. Anderson. A new Ustilago from Florida. Jour. Mycol., vol. G, pp. 116, 117. 1891. Ellis, J. B., and Benjamin M. Everhart. Synopsis of North American species of Kummularia and Hypoxy- lon. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 19-23. 1S89. Some new species of Lymeuomycetous fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 21-29. 1889. New species of hyphomycetous fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 68- 72. 1889. Mucronoporus. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 90-92. 1889. New and rare species of North American fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 115-157. 1889. Mucronoporus andersoni. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, p. 79. 1890. Leptothyrium perichymeni. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, p. 116. 1891. New species of UrediueiB and Ustilagiueae. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 118-121. 1891. New species of fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 130-135. 1892. Ellis, J. B., and B, T. Galloway. New Western fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 65-68, 1889. A new Mucronoporus. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 141, 142. 1889. New species of fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 31-33. 1890. Ellis, J. B., and B. D. Halsted. New fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 33-35. 1890. Ellis, J. B., and W. A. Kellerman. New species of Kansas fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 142-144. 1889. Ellis, J. B., and A. B. Langlois. New species of Louisiana fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 35-37. 1890. Ellis, J. B., and S. M. Tracy. A few new fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 76, 77. 1890. New species of Uredineaj. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, p. 43. 1891. Ellis, John T. Eeport on experiments in the production of rainfall. S. Ex. Doc. No. 45, pp. 27-39. 1892. EUmaker, Enos. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 341, 342. Ellzey, M. G. Sheep husbandry South. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 173-176. 1883. 84 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGEICULTUKE. Ells-wortb, Henry L. Letter to the chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Pat- ent Office in relation to the collection and distribution »f' seeds and plants. S. Doc. No. 151, pp. 3. 1839. Eeport of the Commissioner of Patents, showing the operations of the Patent Office for the year 1841. Ag. Bpt. 1841, pp. 64-83. "By law the Commissioner is bound to report such agricultural statistics as he may collect" — Agricultural statistics as estimated for 1841 — liemarks on the agricultural statistics — The cereals, potatoes, hay, flax and hemp, tobacco, cotton, rice, silk cocoons, sugar, wine, corn oil, oil and stearin from lard and the castor bean. Eeport of the Commissioner of Patents, showing the operations of the Patent Office during the year 1842. Ag. Itpt. 1842, pp. 4-65. Tabular estimate of crops for 1842 — Eemarks on the tabular estimates— The cereals, potatoes, hay, flax and hemp, tobacco, cotton, silk, sugai-, cornstalk sugar, wine — Other products not embraced in the table: Sattron, sumach, cranberries, ginseng, sheep raising on the prairies, pot or pearl ashes, lard oil, sunflower oil, castor bean — Foreign market — Improved mode of fencing — Mode of constructing houses — Railroads — Future surplus- Comparison of exports and imports — Markets at home and abroad — Pros- pect of a foreign market — Success of competition — Probable modiflcation of the corn laws of New England. Eeport of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 1843. Ag. Ept. 1843, pp. 12-134. (Congress set aside a portion of the patent fund for the collection of agricul- tural statistics.) — Tabular estimate for the crops of 1843 — Eemarks on the tabular estimate — The cereals, tobacco, flax and hemp, cotton, rice, silk, sugar, cornstalk sugar, wine — Comparison of products of other countries,— General remarks — Other agricultural products — Lard, lard oil, etc. — Kiln- dried meal and flour — Feeding of cattle — Manures — Home market and foreign market— Provision trade with England. Cultivation of prairie land, etc. Ag. Ept, 1845, pp. 382-388. Kiln-dried meal and flour. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 388, 389. Experiment in feeding [swine]. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 535-539. t Elster, J., and H. Geitel. " Eeview of recent investigations into the subject of atmospheric i; ' electricity. W. B. Bui. No. ^, pt. 2, pp. 510-522, illus. 1895. I" Elwyn, A. L., and G. Emerson. Cattle disease, or pleuro-pneumonia. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 239-251. " History of the first recognition and diffusion of pleuro-pnoumonia. Ely, Edward. Eemarks on cotton in British India. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 266-269. Emerson, G. Philadelphia butter. — Sweet scented vernal grass. Ag. Ei)t. 1894, pp. 373-375. Emerson, G., and A. L. Elwyn. Cattle disease, or pleuro-pneumonia. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 239-251. History of the first recognition and diffusion of pleuro-pneumonia. Emeryi E. H. Tornadoes at Cherry Hill, New Jersey, and Woodhaven, Long Island, New York. Mo. W. E., vol 23, pp. 252, 253, 1895. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 85 Emery, H. D. Hogs and pork packing in the West. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 198-215, illus. The points of a good hog — Breeds of hogs — Berkshires — Boars — Chester whites— SuiJblks— Hog raising— Cooked feed— Field feeding— Distillery feeding — Price of corn and pork — Individual practice — Plan of hog house and yards — Marketing hogs — Hog taming — Diseases — History of pork packing in Chicago— Pork packing at Dubuque, Iowa — Pork packing at Terre Haute, Ind. — A model packing house- Method of killing — The cut- ting-up process — The lard house — The curing room — Description of meats — English meats — Curing and smoking hams — The offal. Engle, H. M. Nut culture. Pom. Ept. 1S94, pp. 37-40. 1895. Ensign, Edgar T. Eeport on the forest conditions of the Eocky Mountains, especially in the State of Colorado, the Territories of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and New Mexico. For. Bui. No. 2, pp. 41-152, map. 1889. Erni, Henri. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 514-540. Alcoholic or vinous fermentation — Experiments on alcoholic fermentation and its causes — Acetic fermentation — Viscous, or slimy, fermentation — Lactic fermentation — Butyric acid fermentation — Theories of the origin of mold, or fungi, and of auimalculte — Report of various analyses performed in the laboratory of the Agricultural Department — New method to detect artificial coloring matter in wines — Analyses of wines, etc. — Analysis of a loamy soil from Virginia — Analysis of a blackberry wine — Quantitative analysis of a sandy, highly micaceous soil from the " salt grass lands" of Visalia, Tulare County, Cal. — Eeport on Bolivian guano. Eeport of the Chemist of the Department of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 46-54. Quantitative analysis of a marly soil from Virginia — Analysis of the sugar beet — Analysis of California wine — Determination of oxalic acid and malic acid in the petioles of the garden rhubarb (Blienm rhaponiioum) — Analysis of soil from Maryland, from the vicinity of Utica, N. Y., from Arkansas, and from Georgia — Analysis of copper ore — Analysis of an "oil rock" from Leavenworth, Ind. The grape disease in Europe: Its origin, history, phenomena, and cure. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 324-334, illus. History — Effects of the parasite upon the vines — Circumstances favorable to the invasion of the disease — Remedies for the grape dijease — Treatment of the vines with hydrosulphide of lime. Analysis of sorghum. Mo. Ept. 1866, p. 336. Analysis of grapes. Mo. Ept. 1866, p. 337. Ernst, A. H. The Japan pea. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 224, 225. Escbenhagen, M. On some improvements in magnetic instruments. W. B. Bui. No. 11, pt. 2, pp. 539-550. 1895. Esbelman, J. K. Fruit culture. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 541-544. Strawberiy — Raspberries immediately succeed strawberries — Blackberries — Currants and gooseberries— Grapes, peaches, cherries, plums, apricots, nectarines, apples, and pears. 86 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Estabrook, John D. Dirt roads. Eoad loq. Bui. No. 2, pp. 12, 13. 1894. Esterly, George. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in' Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 460-462. Estes, J. M. Tobacco: Instructions for its cultivation and curing. F. B. No. 6, pp. 8. 1892. Eubank, J. H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Tennessee.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 351-353. Evans, A. VT. List of liverworts from southern Patagonia collected by the U. S. S. Albatross in 1887-1891. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 140-142, illus, 1890-1895. Evans, Frank L. Report of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements. Ag. Ept 1893, pp. 411-416. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 189-194. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 245-264. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 71-82. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 93-110. Evans, Robert. [Eeport on farm crops in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1850, p. 190. ; Evans, Walter H. Copper sulphate and germination. Treatment of seed with copper sulphate to prevent the attacks of fungi. Veg. Phys. and Path. Bui. No. 10, pp. 24. 1896. Botany of cotton. O. B. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 67-80, illus. 1896. Agriculture in Alaska. O. E. S. Bui. No. 48, pp. 4-27, illus. 1898. General toposraphy— Meteorology— Soils— Natural products— Cultivated products— Cereals, etc.— Methods of cultivation- Stock raising— Arable lands— Agricultural difficulties and possiliilities- Desirability of experi- ment statious — Locations for experiment stations. Everest, H. B. How to build a fence. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 191, 192. . [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 327, 328. Everhart, Benjamin M., and J. B. Ellis. Synopsis of North American species of Ummularia and Hypoxylon. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 19-23. 1889. Some new species of hymenomycetous fungi. Jour. Mvcol., vol. 5, pp. 24-29. 1889. J i ) New species of hyphomycetous fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 68-72. 1889. ' INDEX TO AUTHORS. 87 Everhart, Benjamin M., and J. B. Ellis— Continued. Mucronoporus. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 90-92. 1889. New and rare species of Forth American fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 145-157. 1889. Mucronoporus ander.soni. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, p. 79. 1890. Leptothyrium perichijmeni. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, p. 116. 1891. New species of UrediuesB and Ustilagiueoe. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 118-121. 1891. New species of fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 130-135. 1892. Ewb'nk, Thomas. Agricultural Bureau. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 653-656. Ewell, Ervin E. Cocoa preparations. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 7, pp. 933-989, illus. 1892. 7 i- 7 r-i- , Report on sugar. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 130-134. 1896. Ewer, "W. B., and Mrs. L. E. Pratt. Fourth annual report of the Ladies' Silk Culture Society of Cali- fornia. H. Ex. Doc. No. 110, pp. 17-27. 1890. Fifth annual report of the Ladies' Silk Culture Society of Califor- nia. H. Ex. Doc. No. 203, pp. 10-16. 1891. Eycleshymer, A. C. Club root in the United States. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 79-88, illus. 1892. Fagan, M. E. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1893, pp. 389-392. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1894, pp. 187, 188. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1895, pp. 201-211. Fairbanks, D. A. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 119, 120. Fairbanks, George R. Florida freezes for a century and a half. Mo. W. R., vol. 23, pp. 336, 337. 1895. Fairchild, D. G. A mignonette disease (Gercospora resedce). Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 429- 432, illus. External characters — Botanical characters^Treatment — History — Bibliog- raphy. New exsiccati. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 160-162. 1889. Parasitic fungi of cultivated plants — Kellermau and Swingle's Kansas fangi — Sydow's Uredinese. Index to North American raycological literature. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 42-44. 1890. Index to North American mycological literature. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 80-87. 1890. 88 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Fairchild, D. G. — Continued. Diseases of tbe grape in western New York. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 95-99. 1891. Index to North American mycological literature. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 128-135. 1891. Index to North American mycological literature. Jour. Mycol., vol. G, pp. 184-191. 1891. Index to North American mycological literature. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 52-63. 1891. Experiments in preventing leaf diseases of nursery stock in west- ern New York. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 240-264, illus. 1893. Experiments with fungicides to prevent leaf Wight of nursery stock. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 338-353, 1894. Fairchild, David G., and B. T. Galloway. Experiments in the treatment of plant diseases. Jour. Mycol,, vol. 6, pp. 89-95. 1891. Treatment of pear leaf blight and scab in the orchard. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 137-142. 1891. Fairchild, George T. The relation of technical to general courses of study. O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 67-70. 1893. '■ What should be taught in our colleges of agriculture? O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 69-75, 1897. Feiirchild, L. L. Fruit culture in Wisconsin. Mo. Rpt. 1868, pp. 322, 323, Fairmau, Charles E. Notes on new or rare fungi from western New York. Jour, Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 78-80. 1889. Black spot of asparagus berries. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 157, 158. 1889. Observations on the development of some fenestrate sporidia. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 29-31. 1890. Falck, C. P. [Eeport on the commerce of Stavanger, Norway.] For, Mkts, Bui. No. 7, p. 68. 1896. Falconer, P. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 235-237. Falconer, P. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 234-236. Falconer, AAT'illiam. How to grow mushrooms. F. B. No. 53, pp. 20, illus. 1897, Fallot, B. Copper in wines. Bot. Bui. No. 11, pp. 90-104, 1890. Parish, T. E. Resources, land values, population, and products of Arizona, S. Rpt. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 427, 428. 1890. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 89 Parquhar, W. H. Farm experiments. Ag. Ept. 1867. pp. 187-193. Fan-, John H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.! Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 246,247. J s F J fi Parrington, E. H. Eeport on dairy products. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 122-125. 1896. Passig, Oliver L. Proceedings of the meteorological congress held at Chicago August 21-24, 1893. Mo. W. E., vol. 21, p. 227. 1893. Note concerning a bibliography of American contributions to mete- orology. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, p. 326. 1895. Statistics of State weather services. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 209- 212. 1895. The ninth annual convention of the Association of German Agri- cultural Experiment Stations. E. 8. E., vol. 8, pp. 447-453. 1896. Automatic cloud photography. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 456, 457. 1896. Statistics of State weather services. W. B. Doc. No. 81, pp. 12. 1896. Paveau, Augnstin L. Eice culture. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 174-1 79. Lands adapted to rice culture — Pitch of tide— How reclaimed — Culture — Irrigation — Long point ilow — Dry growth — Harvest flow — Harvest — Thrashing — Rice-pounding mills — Yield and profit. Pavier, P. A. Botanical considerations on the ramie question in France. Fiber Ept.No. l,pp.97, 98. 1890. Paville, George C. Supposed maladie du coit among horses in Nebraska. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 359-366. 1893. Extirpation of maladie du coit. 10th and 11th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 62-65. 1896. Perguson, James M. The cotton worm. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 288, 289. Pergusson, S. P. Kite experiments at the Blue Hill meteorological observatory. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 323-327. 1896. A high kite ascension at Blue Hill. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 327, 328. 1896. The early use of wire in kite flying. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, p. 135. 1897. The highest kite ascensions at Blue Hill. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, p. 392. 1897. Pernald, C. H. Description of Pyralidse from the Death Valley. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 225-257. 1894. Notes on the gipsy moth in Massachusetts. Ent. Bui. No. 2. n. s., pp. 59-67. 1896. 90 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGETCULTURE. Femald, C. H.— Continued. The evolution of economic entomology. Ent, Bui. li^To. 6, n. s., pp. 5-12. 1896. Pemow, B. E. Value and management of Government timber lands. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 5, pp. 22-27. 1884. Eeport of Chief of Forestry Division. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 149-226, chart. Significance of forests— Mechanical influence — Climatic influence— Effects of deforestation on the climate— Effects of deforestation on -water supply — Effect of deforestation on the condition of the soil — Condition of forest supplies and forestry in the United States— Area required for continued supply — Building materials — Imports and exports of wood from 1883 to 1886— Government timber land— Plan for a forest department — Govern- ment plantations- Private forests— Difficulties to be overcome— Farmer's interest in forest property— Forest planting and managemcnt-in the United States — Government action in regard to its own lands — Forest commis- sions — Forestry Division — Statistical inquiries — Phenological observa- tions — Biological studies- Inspection of Western tree planting — Legis- lation^Timber-culture act — Arbor day -Literature— Forest policy — General principles of forestry — What is a plant — Hints as to planting — Specially valuable trees— Forest management— Coppice management- Standard coppice — The timber forest — Management in Echelons — Regenera- tion method— Cleaning and thinning— Other methods of management- Conclusion. Eeport of chief of Forestry Division. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 605-616, maps. What is the first duty of the General Government in regard to the forestry question ? — System of forestry investigations. Eeport of Chief of Forestry Division, Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 597-641, illus. Distribution of plant material — Forestry interests in the States — Forest influence — Technological investigations — Metal ties — Trade notes and statistics — Cultural notes — Forest farming — Paris Exposition. Snow slides and avalanches : Their formation and prevention. For. Bui. No. 2, pp. 236-250. 1889. Metal tie notes. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 23, 24. 1889. Report of Chief of Forestry Division. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 273-330, illus. Seed and seedling distribution — Timber-culture act — Osier culture — Forestry interests in the United States — Export and import statistics — Proposed work — Influence of forests on water supplies — Influence npon precipita- tion — Disposal of water supplies — Elements of dissipation — Elements of conservation — Elements of distribution. Eeport of Chief of Forestry Division. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 193-236. Wood-pulp industry — Adaption of woods — Timber tests — Forestry interest in the States — The property — The contract — A lesson in forestry — Forest policy — Forest fires — Organization — Forestry education — Statistics of. exports and imports of wood and wood products — Artificial rainfall- Conclusion. Consumption of forest supplies by railroads, and practicable econ- omy in their use. For. Bui. No. 4, pp. 13-39, illus. 1890. Eeport on the consumption of ties and other lumber by railroads in the United States. For. Bui. No. 4, pp. 41-52. 1890. The forest and its significance. For. Bui. No. 5, pp. 7-10. 1891. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 91 Pernow, B. E.— Continued. Forestry in a wooded country, or forest management. For. Bui. No. 5, pp. 11-30, 1891. Forest planting in a. treeless country. For. Bui. No. 5, pp. 31-44. 1891. Eeport of tlie Chief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 191-229, illus. Introductory — Seed distribution — Rainfall experiments — Water management tlie problem of tbe future — Forestry lectures — Statistics of exports and imports of wood and wood products — Poisoning of street trees — A national arboretum — Bamboo as a substitute for wood— Forest-planting experi- ments — Instructions for a forest-planting experiment on the sand hills of Nebraska — Southern timber piues — Distribution and habitat— Character- istics of distribution in different regions — Quality and adaptation of woods — Discussion of common names— Uniformity of nomenclature i]i the market — Forest reservations and their management — Personnel — Regula- tions — Timber licenses. The ravages of Liparis (Psilnra) monacha in Germany, and means of defense. I, L., vol. 3, pp. 379-382. 1891. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 293-358, illus. The work of the year — Revision of nomenclature — A national arboretum — Forestry lectures —Seed and seedling distribution — Forest planting experi- ment — Publications — The World's Fair — Tbe situation — Original condition of forest areas — Causes of reduction in forest areas — Fires— Fires set by railroads — Forest- firo legislation — An act for the protection of forest prop- erty — Extent of forest area — Ownership — The forestry movement — Report on Chickamauga National Park — Additions to the forest ilora of North America, and necessary changes in nomenclature of important timber spe- cies, with notes — The naval-store industry — Turpentine orcharding — Prod- ucts of the turpentine industry — Sources of supply — Historical notes and statistics — Physiology of resins — Methods of working trees — Principles to be observed in turpentine orchards — Turpentine orcharding in America — Inspection laws relating to resinous products — Turpentine orcharding in Europe — Management of turpentine pineries — Gathering of spruce turpen- tine — Gathering of larch turpentine — Gathering fir turpentine — Effects of turpentine orcharding on timber, tree, and forest, and suggestions for improvement on American practice — Suggestions for improvement- — Addi- tional notes on the turpentine industry — Improvement in the distillation of the crude turpentine by the application of steam — Products of the destructive distillation of the wood of the longleaf pine. Scope and historical development of the science of "timber physics." For. Bui. No. 6, pp. 17-30. 1892. Forest iniiuences. Introduction and summary of conclusions. For. Bui. No. 7, pp. 9-22. 1893. Eelation of forests to water supplies. For. Bui. No. 7, pp. 123-170, illus. 1893. Notes on the sanitary significance of forests. For. Bui. No. 7, pp. 171-173. 1893. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 303-364, illus. Work of the year — Timberinvestigations — Chemical analyses of woods — Tree measurements and acre-yield determinations — Botanical work — Distribu- tions of hand collections — Seed and seedling distribution — Publications — Letter to the Secretary of Agriculture regarding forest growth and timber consumption — Consumption and supply of forest products in the United States — Extent of forest areas — Inadequacy of forest supplies — Quantity and value of forest products— ^Forestry exhibit at the World's Fair — Advance of forestry interests during the year — German forest manage- 92 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Perno'wr, B. E. — Continued. ment — Map work and forest districting — Survey of tlie forest district — Principles of management^L*^orest regulation — Progress of Work required to bring areas under rational forest management — Methods of forest regu- lation — Valuation work — Arrangement of age classes — Yield calculations — Felling budget — Statistics of forest distributiou — Methods of harvesting and transportation — Price of wood in the forest — Price of manufactured lumber — Good roads — Forest protection — Forest crop production or sylvi- culture — Planting — Introduction of exotics — White-pine yields — Coppice management — Standard coppice — The timber forest ^ — Regeneration methods — Improvement cuttings and thinnings — Underplanting — For- estry education and forestry literature — Literature — Forestry associa- tions — Forest experiment stations. Beport of the Cbief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 133-142. Functions of the Division of Forestry in general— Office work — Publica- tions — Botanical and Museum work — Seed and plant distribution — Collec- tion of materials — Phy.sical laboratory — Tree measurements and acre-yield determinations. Description of the various methods of impregnation as practiced for the Prussian railways. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 286-291. 1894. Forestry for farmers. Y. B. 1894, pp. 461-500, illus. Ho w trees grow — Food materials and conditions of growth — Soil conditions — Light conditions— Physiology of tree growth — "Sap up and sap down" — Process of development — Growth in length and ramification — Growth in thickness — Form development — Rate of growth — Reproduction — How to s plant a forest — What trees to phint— Metnods of planting — How to treat i the wood lot — Improvement cuttings — Methods of reproducing the wood crop — Size of openings — Wind mantle — Coppice — Plan of management- How to cultivate the wood crop — Effect of light on wood productions — Number of trees per acre — Weeding and cleaning the crop — Methods of thinniug — What trees to remove. Eeport of the Chief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 149-152. Publications — Timber investigations — Turpentine orcharding — Tree meas- urements — Forest planting experiments— Propaganda work. The relation of forests to farms. Y. B. 1895, pp. 333-340, illus. The forest waters the farm — The forest tempers the farm — The forest pro- tects the farm — The forest supplies the farm with useful material. Report of the Chief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ilpt. 1896, pp. 83-88. Appropriations and expenditures— Personal and Divisional force— Corre- spondence— Timber physics— Publications — Tree measurements— Experi- mental forest plantings— Atlanta Exposition— Continuation of timber investigations— Need of a suitable laboratory— Canvass of forest condi- tions. Facts and figures regarding our forest resources briefly stated. For. Circ. No. 11, pp. 8. 1896. Southern pine: Mechanical and physical properties. For. Circ. No.] 2, pp. 12, illus. 1896. Forest-flre legislation in the United States. For. Circ. No. 13, pp. 8. 1896. ' [Timber pines of the Southern United States. Introduction.! For. Bui. No. 13, pp. 11-25, illus. 1896. Is protection against fires practicable? For. Circ. No. 14, pp. 4. 1896. ' ^^ INDEX TO AUTHOKS. 93 Ferno-w, B. E. — Continued. Summary of mechauical tests on thirty-two species of American woods. For. Oirc. No. 15, pp. 12. 1896. Report of the probable amount of white pine and other coniferous timber standing, and its consumption in the United States. S. Doc. No. 40, pp. 21. 1897. Eeport of the Chief of Division of Forestry. Ag. Ept. 1897. pp. 141-146. Chief lines of investigation — Tree-pltinting experiments — Timber physics — Biological inquiry — Investigations of forest couditious — Timber trees for the arid regions — Publications — Personnel — Correspondence — Propaganda. Note on adhesion of spikes. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 62-65. 1887. [Notes on wood preservatives.] For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 104, 105. 1887. Annual charges for ties. For. Bui. No. 1, pp 105-127, illus. 1887. Age of trees and time of blazing determined by annual rings, For. Circ. No. 16, pp. 11, illus. 1897. The Government timber tests. For. Circ. No. 7, pp. 4. [No date.] Effect of turpentine gathering on the timber of longleaf pine. For. Circ. No. 9, p. 1. [No date.] Strength of "boxed" or "turpentine" timber. For. Circ. No. 8, pp. 3. [No date.] Suggestions to the lumbermen of the United States iu behalf of more rational forest management. For. Circ. No. 10, pp. 8. [No date.] Ferrouillat, P. Apparatus for combating mildew. Bot. Bui. No. 5, pp. 91-110, illus. 1888. Fink, Canada. Orchard culture. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 673-675, illus. Finley, J. P. Certain climatic conditions of the two Dakotas. W. B. uunum. rpt., pp. 206, Ulus. 1893. Finney, C. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 493-496. Fish, A. L. Eeport on cheese to the New York State Agricultural Society. Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 618-626. Fish, Pierre A. Leeches. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 229-259, illus. 1897. A histological investigation of two cases of an equine mycosis, with a his- torical account of a supposed similar disease called bursattee, occurring in India. Fish, Pierre A., and Veranus A. Moore. A report of rabies in Washington, District of Columbia. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 267-282, illus. 1897. Fisher, A. K. Food of hawks and owls. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 402-422. Experiments in poisoning. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 423-426. 94 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. Fisher, A. K. — Continued. Notes on the depredations of blackbirds and gophers in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota in the fall of 1887. Ag. Rpt. 1887, pp. 454-456. The short-eared owl {Asio accipitrinus). Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. .496- 498, illus. The sparrow hawk [Falco sparverius). Ag. Kpt. 1888, pp. 491-496, illus. Destruction of the sparrow by poisons. O. and M. Bui. Ko. 1, pp. 174-178. 1889. Marsh hawk {Circus hudsonius). Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 370-372, illus. Common screech owl [Megascops asio). Ag. Ept. 1889,_ pp. 372-376, illus. Flammulated screech owl (Megascops flammeolus). Ag. Ept. 1889, p. 376. The hawks and owls of the United States in their relation to agri- culture. O. aud M. Bui. 'So. 3, pp. 210, illus. 1893. Report on the ornithology of the Death Valley Expedition of 1891, comprising notes on the birds observed in southern California, southern Nevada, and parts of Arizona and Utah. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 7-158. 1893. Hawks and owls as related to the farmer. Y. B. 1894, pp. 215-232, illus. Cause of the prejudice against birds of prey — Some characteristics of rapa- cious birds — Food iiabits of the principal birds of prey — Harmless species of hawk.s and owls— Wholly beueticial hawks — Hawks and owls mostly beneficial — Harmful hawks and owls. Fisher, D. Tornado, March 20, 1895, Augusta, Georgia. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 93, .94. 1895. Fisher, E. M. Revision of the North American species of Hoffmanseggia. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 143-150, 1890-1895. Fisher, Geo. P. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Delaware.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 108- 116, Fithian, Samuel C. [Report ou farm crops, etc., in Louisiana.] Ag. Ept. 1850, p. 398. Fitzgerald, Frederick. [Eeport on the commerce of Cognac, France.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 3, p. 43. 1895. Flad, Henry. Wood preservation. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 66-91. 1887. Preservation of wooden ties. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 257-185. 1894. Flather, J. J. Mechanical drawing in technical schools. O. B. S. Bui. No. 20, pp. 81-88. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 95 Fleischmann, C. L. Account of wool in Germany. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 1017-1020. Result of observations made during a visit to G-ermany in 1814-45. Ag. Upt. 1847, pp. 239-349. An account of the meeting of German agriculturists at Breslau, in Prussian Silesia — Histoiical sketch of Silosian wool culture — On the management of the Merino flocks on the farm of the viceroy of Hungary — On the improved Merino sheep, with illustrations — On the formation and growth of wool, with illustrations — On marking sheep, with illustrations — Instru- ments to measure the degree of iineuess of wool, with illustrations — Wool shears, improved ones, with illustrations — Sheep yard and stables, with illustrations — General rule for pasturing sheep — Dimensions to be observed in purchasing sheep, with illustrations and table — Description of the apparatus for washing sheep, with illustrations — Woolgrowers' conven- tion and wool markets — Wool trade of Germany and anioimt of capital engaged in the wool trade of Germany — On the export of wool from Ger- many to other countries, and future prospects of the German wool trade — Requisite qualities of wool for manufacturing purposes — On agricultural schools — Biennial and three hold system of Germany — On wheat, tobacco, and spelt, as cultivated on the Rhine— Mode of feeding cattle at Alcsiith — Description of an apparatus for steaming food, with the mode of feeding steamed chaff and its advantages. Relative to the sugar planters of the United States. Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 274-277. Plows and plowing. Spl, Ept. ]^o. 64, pp. 64, 65. 1883. Flensburg, Peter M. [Report on the commerce of Malmo, Sweden.] For. Mkts. Bui. ISTo. 8, pp. 91, 92. 1896. Fletcher, James. Preliminary notes upon Ghionobas [JEneis) macounii. I. L., vol. 2,- pp. 45, 46. 1889. The Mediterranean flour moth. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 187-189. 1889. Kotes upon injurious insects of the year in Ganiula. I. L., vol. 3, p. 247. 1891. [Inaugural address as president of the Association of Economic Entomologists.] I. L., vol. 4, pp. 4-16. 1891. Notes on injurious insects in Canada in 1892. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 124-126. 1892. Flint, C. L. The horses of Kew England. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 382-402, illus. A hundred years' progress. Ag. Rpt. 1872, pp. 274-304. Flint, "William R. [Report on farm cro-ps, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 226-231. Flint, Wilson. Grape culture in the United States. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 147-155. Influence and value of an interchange of the views of the vintners — The isothermal and meteorological requirements of the grapevine — Selections of vineyard sites in the Atlantic states and preparation of the soil — Selec- tions of vineyard sites in California and preparation of the soil— Planting and preserving the vines— The grape harvest in California— Wine making in California. 96 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Flint, Wilson^Continued. Textile fiber of the Pacific States. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 471-487. The area of territory aucl population considered— Cotton growing in the Pacific states a failure from meteorological causes— Flax and hemp in the Pacific states — Animal textile fibers in the Pacific states and territories — ^" Present condition of wool-growing — All farmers should he sheep-growers — Sheep starvation in the Pacific States — Annual migration of sheep bene- ficial — The great central basin for sheep grazing — Silk culture in the Pacific States — Introduction of the silkworm of recent date in California — Success in silk culture a question of climate — The climate of California peculiarly favorable to silk culture. riorey, H. M. [Eeport on the commerce of Amherstburg, Ontario.] For, Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 40, 41. 1895, Foaden, George P. Cotton culture in Egypt. O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 34, illus. 1897. Present condition of cotton culture in Egypt — Crops grown in Egypt — Cli- matic conditions— Soils— Dralt of Egyptian cotton on the fertility of the soil — Preparation of the soil and manuring — Varieties— Planting, irriga- ting, and cultivating — Insect pests — Picking — Disposal of the product — Ginning- Cost of growing cotton in Egypt — Exports of cotton from Egypt. Foex, G. Practical treatments for the prevention of mildew. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 113-115. 1886. Fogg, William Perry. Culture of root crops. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 265-269. Turnips and ruta-bagas— Mangel-wurzel and sugar beet— Carrots and pars- nips — Analysis of the ash of roots — Comparative value as food. f Chemical properties of milk and butter. Ag. Ept. 1849, no. 368-372. ' ^^ Follett, W. W. Eeport oh Miles City, Montana, artesian basin. S. Ex. Doc. No. 41. pt. 2, pp. 96, 97. 1893. Eeport on Eed Eiver artesian basin. S. Doc. No. 41, nt. 2. nn. 87-94. 1892. ' ^^ Folsetter, William. Glanders among horses and mules in Texas. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 393-398. 1891. Forbes, S. A. Experiments on chinch bugs. Ent. Bui. No. 2, pp. 23-25. 1883. Early occurrence of the chinch bug in'the Mississippi Valley. I. L.. vol. 1, PI). 249. 1889. Arsenical poisons for the plum and peach curculio. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 3-7. 1889. ' ' Oflace and laboratory organization [entomological!. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 185, 186, 1889. s j , , A summary history of the corn root aphis. 1. L., vol. 3, pp. 233-238. 189l . On the life history of the white grubs. I, L,, vol. 3, pp. 239-245. 1891. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 97 Forbes, S. A.— Continued. The importation of a Hessian fly parasite from Europe. I, L., vol. 4, pp. 179-181. 1891. [Address as first vice-president at fourth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists.! I. L., vol. 5, pp. 68-76. 1892. [Presidential address before fifth annual meeting of the Associa- tion of Economic Entomologists.] I. L., vol 6, pp. 61-70. 1893. Eeport of progress in economic entomology. O. B. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 29-34. 1891. Ford, Eibeuezer. [Eeport on farm crops, etc, in Mississippi.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 257-261. Cotton caterpillar, rust, and rot. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 47, 48. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 62-65. Ford, Milton. Fruit culture. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 221-223. 1883. Ford, T. S. The communication of hog cholera by crows. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. L, pp. 325, 326. 1897. Formau, James H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 74-79, illus. Forsjrth, William. A treatise on the culture and management of fruit trees. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 104-105, illus. Foss, Jam.es H. Florida : Its soil, resources, and means of transportation. Unnum. rpt. on Florida, pp. 93-98. 1882. Foster, John W. Cultivation of coffee in Mexico. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 268-274. . Fo'wler, Isaac. Peculiar result of experiments with corn. Ag. Ept. 1847, p. 391. Pox, C. p., and P. Schweitzer. Meat analysis — testing of apparatus and method. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 40-44. 1891. Francis, Fred L., and Fred J. Randolph. Thomas Jefferson as meteorologist. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 456-458, illus. 1895. Frankenfield, H. C. Weather forecasts in the State of Missouri. Mo. W. E,, vol. 23, pp. 292, 293. 1895. Franklin, George E. History of the southern California weather bulletin. W. B. Bui. No. 18, pp. 46, 47. 1896. Franklin, S. S. G. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 258, 259. 31713— No. 4 7 98 U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEIOULTUKE. Frazer, John. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 561, 662. Frear, ^Villianl. Extension of tests applied to wheat varieties. O. E. S. Misc. Bol. No. 2, pp. 131-135. 1800. Report on nitrogen methods. (Jhem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 117-121. 1891. French, Henry F. Cultivation of apples in the Northern States. Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 1373-27C. Transplanting forest trees. Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 155-459. Varieties of apples for this locality [New Hampshire]. Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 21-32. Drainage. Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 160-182, illus. Observations on English husbandry. Ag. Rpt. 1860, pp. 140-165. General system of husbandry — Capital employed on English farms — How the climate of England attects agriculture — Comparison of Knglish and French agriculture. Agricultural colleges. Ag. Rpt. 1865, pp. 137-186. Demand for practical education — The act of Congress — Whether independ- ent or connected with other institutions — Manual labor — Is a farm neces- sary? — Plan for half-year institutions — Table showing the educational resources of the more prominent American colleges — Gelsberg— Agricultu- ral colleges in Europe, England, Ireland, France, and Germany — The model farm — Plan of teaching and branches taught — Agricultural colleges in the United .States — Rules — Requisites for admission — Course of study — Partial and additional courses of study — Plan of organization — Sheffield scieutihc school of Yale College — Programme of studies — The mechanical arts. Country roads. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 538-567. Location of roads — Selection of route— Koads witli no artllicial foundation- Roads with paved foundation — Roads Avith concrete foundations — Roads with rough stone foundation— Surface of road's — Friction — Collision— Con- struction of surl'ace— Uiistreencd gravel roads- -IJioken stone roads — Cross section or slia|ic5 of roads — Width of roads — Drying by sun and* wind- Cutting and lining— Transportation of material — Repairs of roads -Pro- posed system — Application of materials. French, Mose.s. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 281-284. & 1 _ )i-i Frisby, Almah J., and A. P. Bryant. The composition of different parts of the potato and the loss of nutrients during tbe process of boiling. O. E. S. Bui. No. 43, pp. 25-31, illus. 1897. Fryer, Michael. Flax culture. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 92-97. Soil— Plowing— Seed-sowing— Pulling— Rippling— Steeping— Cost of seed, labor, etc., of one acre of flax — Various suggestions. Fuller, B. F. Report of the Chief of the Division of Accounts and Disburse- ments. Ag. Rpt. 1892, pp. 513, 514. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 99 PuUin-wider, J. H. Cattle interests of the West. 1st Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 271-279. 1885. Fatal outbreak of Soatheru cattle fever. 1st Itpt. B. A. I., pp. 463, 46i. 1885. Fulton, Robert L. Use aud control of waters from the eastern Sierras. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 512-514. 1890. Punston, Frederick. Botany of Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Field report. Cont. Nat. Herb, vol. 3, pp. 325-333. 1892-1890. Furnas, R. W. Tree planting and growing on the Plains. Unnnm. rpt., pp. 37-45, in "Preliminary report on forestry." 1883. Tree planting aud growing on the Plains. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 202-200. 1883. Eeport on tree growth, maximum size and age, period of decline, completion of cycle, etc. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 338-345. 1884. Special report on forestry for certain portions of Ohio and Indiana. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 346, 347. 1884. Eeports on the forest condition and lumber and wood trade of Western States and Territories. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 246- 254. 1884. Eeport on the forest condition and lumber and wood trade of Western States and Territories. Ept. Forestry, vol. 4, pp. 255- 337. 1884. Crossing improved breeds of swine with the common hogs of Florida. B. A. I. Circ. No. 4, pp. 3. 1895. Furnas, R. W , E. "W. Hilgard, and T. C. Jones. Climatic and agricultural features and the agricultuyal practice and needs of the arid regions of the Pacific Slope, with notes on Arizona and New Mexico. Unnum. rpt., pp. 182. 1882. Gadsden, John W. Einderpest, cattle plague. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 255, 256. 1879. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia in Pennsylvania. Ag. Ept, 1881, pp. 47-50. Contagious diseases in cattle, how they are imported and what they cost. Unnum. rpt., pp. 49-51. 1883. G-aShey, John. I Eeport on the commerce of Summerside, Prince Edward Island.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 63, 64. 1895. Gain, Edmond. A review of publications on agricultural botany issued in France during 1896. B. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 841-853, 940-950. 1897. The physiological role of water in plants. E. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 3-21, 1896. 100 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Gaines, Richard V. The animal industries of the United States with special reference to breeding of cattle, horses, etc. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 122-127. 1883. Galloway, B. T. Eeport of the Chief of the Section of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 325-404, illus. Experiments in the treatment of grapevine diseases made in 1888— Ne- cessity for more extended field work — Miscellaneous subjects — Downy mildew of the potato (Phytophthora infestans) — Notes on the black rot of •the tomato — A disease of the tomato — Brown rot of the cherry (Monilia frucligena)— The powdery mildew of the cherry {Podosphcera oxycantha)— Leaf-blight and cracking of the pear (Entomosporium maculatum) — Leaf- spot of the rose (Cercospora roscecola) — Plum pockets (Tapkrina pruni) — Apple rusts — Septosporium on grape leaves — Leaf-spot disease of the maple {Phyllosticta acerieola) — A disease of the sycamore (Glceosporivm nervisequum) — Theleaf-rustof cotton woods (ilfeia»ij)sora^oj)M/ino) — Eeport on peach yellows — Additional notes on celery leaf-blight {Cercospora apii). Potato scab. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 45-51, illus. 1889. Gum disease, or foot rot, of the orange. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 51-54. 1889. Notes on fruit diseases. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 37, 38. 1889. Sulphuret of potassium for bitter rot of the apple — Bordeaux mixture for the plum leaf-blight — A tomato disease. Notes. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 92-96. 1889. Ascospores of the black-rot fungus as affected by covering with earth— The grape leaf-blight — Kansas fungi — The ash leaf -rust {JUddium fraxini)— Treatment of grape mildew made obligatory (Diorchidium tracyi) — A new modification of the Vermorel nozzle. Prevention of smut. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 164, 165. 1889. An experiment in the treatment of the black rot ot the grape. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 204-209. 1889. Notes. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 214-216. 1889 Powdery mildew of the bean — Rust of flax — Necessity for a redescription of the typo species in Ke w herbarium — New localities for Peronospora cubensis. A partial list of the parasitic fungi of Missouri, with remarks on theTspecies of economic importance. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 54-59. 1889. Eeport of the Chief of the Section of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 397-452, illus. Publications and correspondence — Field work — Treatment of grape diseases — Treatment of the diseases of the apple, pear, and quince — Apple scab — Bitter rot of the apple — Apple rust — Apple powdery mildew — Pear leaf- blight — Quince diseases — Treatment of blackberry rust (Cwoma nitens) ani other diseases at Ocean Springs, Miss. — Treatment of the potato, tomato, and melon for blight and rot — Potato rot — Tomato rot — Melon diseases- Strawberry leaf-blight — Conclusions concerning the practical work of the section — Laboratory investigations — Investigation of peach yellows — The California vine disease — Migonette disease {Cercospora reseda!). Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 393-408, illus. Work of the division— (General business — Laboratory work — Field experi- ments — Experiments near Washington — Cooperative experiments — Work of field agents — Some practical results of the treatment of plant diseases- Fungicides and spraying apparatus— Peach yellows investigation — The California vine disease — Special subjects— Hollyhock anthracnose {Colle- totrichum malrarnm) — Anthracnose of cotton ( CoUetotrichum gossi/pii) — Ripe- rot of grapes and apples {(xlaiosporium fructigevum). INDEX TO AUTHORS. 101 Galloway, B. T. — Continued. Treatment of black rot, brown rot, downy mildew, powder.v mil- dew, and anthracnose of the grape; pear-scab and leaf-bligbt, and apple powdery mildew. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 11-15. 1890. Notes on fungicides and a new spraying pump. Jour. Mycol., vol, 6, pp. 25, 26. 1890. Description of a new knapsack sprayer. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 51-59, illus. 1890. Report of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Rpt. 1891, pp. 359-378, illus, Publications and oorreapondence — Miscellaneous subjects — Laboratory inves- tigations — Field experiments — Treatment of the diseases of nursery stock — Treatment of apple, pear, peach, plnm, cherry, and quince diseases in the orchard — Treatment of grape diseases — Treatment of black rot of sweet potatoes — Treatment of oat blight — Spraying machinery — Work in New York State — Investigation of peach yellows and peach rosette — The Cali- fornia vine disease — Work on pear blight — Citrus fruit diseases in Florida — The grape scale in New York — Sweet potato black rot ( Ceratocysiisfimbriata) . Fungous diseases of the grape. F. B. Ko. 4, pp. 12. 1891. A new pear disease. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 113, 114. 1891. Disease of geraniums. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 114, 115, illus. 1891. Treatment of grape diseases. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 12-16, illus. 1891. The improved Japy knapsack sprays. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 39- 41, illus. 1891. A new pine leaf rust [Coleosporium pini). Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, p. 44. 1891. A new method of treating grain by the Jensen process for the pre- vention of smut. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 372, 373. 1894. Report of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Rpt. 1892, pp. 215-246, illus. Introduction — Field work of the year in treating plant diseases — Experi- ments in the treatment of rusts affecting wheat and other cereals — Experi- ments at Garrett Park, Md. — Supplementary experiments in the treatment of rust of wheat and other cereals at Garrett Park, Md. — Wheat rust experiments at Manhattan, Kans. — Experiments at Eockport, Kans. — Ex- periments in treating the disease of nursery stock— Work at Millikin, jld. — Work on black rot of the grape — Experiments in California iu the treatment of fungi affecting the almond and prune — Destrnction of lichens on pear trees by means of Bordeaux mixture — Miscellaneous experiments — Peach yellows and peach rosette — Investigations of the special agent in California— Work on pear blight, the pollination of pear and apple blos- soms, etc. — Investigations in Florida upon citrus fruits and other sub- tropical plants — Work in the laboratory. Report on the experiments made in 1891 in the treatment of plant diseases. Veg. Path. Bui. No. 3, pp. 76, illus. 1892 (?) Suggestions in regard to the treatment of Cercospora cireumscissa. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 77, 78. 1892. ■ Report of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Rpt. 1893, pp. 245-276. Introduction— Publications— Further investigations into the causes affecting the fruitfulness of pear and apple trees— Orchard work in the treatment of pear leaf-blight— Experiments in the treatment of black rot of the grape — A test of Bordeaux mixture of various strengths- Other experi- ments in the treatment of black rot — Treatment of leaf diseases affecting 102 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Galloway, B. T.— Contiuiied. nursery stoct — Additional experimpnts in tlio treatment of wheat rust- Potato diseases— Observation of tlie a;eneral elfects of the macrosporium disease and its prevention— Work of lungicides —Bordeaux mixture— Work in Florida upon the diseases of citrus fruits and other subtropical plants- Orange blight— Die-back— Foot-rot— Scab— Sooty mold— Other diseases of citrus fruits — Investigation of plant diseases on the Pacific coast— Fruit- tree diseases— Walnut disease— Grape diseases— The peach yellows inves- tigations — Miscellaneous work of the division. Experiments in the treatment of rusts affecting wheat and other cereals. Jour. MycoL, vol. 7, pp. 195-226. 1893. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Pathology. Ag. Kpt. 1894, pp. 143-150. Laboratory investigations— Field work — Routine work — Outline of the work planned for the current fiscal year. Report of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Ag. Rpt. 1895, pp. 109-174. Work of the division for the fiscal year ended .lune 30, 1895 — Increased pro- ductiveness of plants sprayed with Bordeaux mixture — Diseases affecting greenhouse plants — Pear blight investigations — Melou diseases — Cereal diseases— Work at the subtropical laboratory — Work on the Pacific Coast — Exhibit for the Cotton States and International Exposition — Rou- tine work— Outline of work planned for the current year. Some destructive potato diseases: What they are and how to pre- vent them. F. B, No. 15, pp. 8, illus. 1894. Some observations on new and old insecticides and their combi- nation with fungicides. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 126-131. 1894. The effect of spraying with fungicides on the growth of nursery stock. Veg. Path. Bui. No. 7, pp. 41, illus. 1894. Frosts and freezes as affecting cultivated plants. Y. B. 1895, pp, 143-158, illus. Kinds of frosts and freezes — How plants are affected — How to foretell frosts — Protection of plants from the injurious effects of frosts and freezes — Prevention of injuries to trees and other woody plants. The health of plants in greenhouses. Y. B. 1895, pp. 247-256, illus. Health and disease — The soil — Water, heat, and light — Selection as a means of increasing the vigor of plants. Spraying for fruit diseases. F. B. No. 38, pp. 12, illus. 1896. The pathology of plants: Lines of investigation that might De undertaken by experiment stations. E. S. E.., vol. 7, pp. 725-735. 1896. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 15-22. Diseases of shade and ornamental trees — Work on the diseases of citrus fruits — Improving the orauge — Pineapple diseases — Effects of the freeze of 1894-9.5 on vegetation in Florida — Work in California and other Pacific Coast States — Diseases atfecting truck cro()S, cotton, etc., in the South — Work on greenhouse crops — Diseases of wheat and other cereals — Miscel- laneous lines of work — Herbarium work — Outline of current work. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 7-13. Investigations of the diseases of forest and shade trees — Diseases affecting plants under glass — Studies of tlio diseases of melons and of cotton and other Southern crops — The diseisps of pomaceons and allied fruits — Inves- tigations of the diseases attecting fruits and other crops on the Pacific INDEX TO AUTHORS. 103 Galloway, B. T.— Contiinied. Coast— Work iu Florida on citrus fruits and other subtropical plants- Cereals and (eveal diseases— Experiments with fuugicldes— Nutrition of plants— Preparation and preservation of pathological specimens for per- manent use— Preparation of an exhibit for the Tennessee Centennial Exposition— Bibliographical v/oik— Preparation and publication of bul- letins and papers — Investigations planned for the current year. Galloway, B. T., and J. B. Ellis. New Western fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 65-68. 1889. A new Mucronoporus. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 141, 142. 1889. New species of fuugi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 31-33. 1890. Galloway, B. T., and David G. Fairchild. Experiments in tbe treatment of plant diseases. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 89-95. 1891. Treatment ofpear leaf-blight and scab iu the orchard. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 137-142. 1891. Galloway, B. T., and Bffie A. Southworth. Treatment of apple scab. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 210-214. 1889. Preliminary notes on a new and destructive oat disease. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 72, 73. 1890. Galloway, B. T., and Albert F. Woods. Water as a factor in the growth of plants. Y. B. 1894, pp. 165- 176, illus. Water in green plants — Relation of root development to water supply — Structure of the plant and how it obtains wiiter — Loss of water by evap- oration from the foliage— Controlling evaporation — Summary. Diseases of shade and ornamental trees. T. B. 1896, pp, 237-254, lUus. General remarks — Diseases due to soil conditions — Diseases due to atmos- pheric conditions — Fungous diseases. Gallup, H. A. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 463, 464. Gamble, Robert. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Florida.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 327-329. Gamgee, John. The lung plague. Dis. Cattle, pp. 7-77. 1869. On the ill effects of smutty corn on cattle. Dis. Cattle, pp. 78-88. 1869. The splenic, or periodic, fever of cattle. Dis. Cattle, pp. 89-161, illus. 1869. General remarks on cattle diseases. Dis. Cattle, pp. 162-167. 1869. Eeport on the lung plague. Dis. Cattle, pp. 3-63, illus. 1871. Eeport on the ill effects of smut in feed of farm animals. Dis. Cat- tle, pp. 73-81. 1871. Eeport on the splenic, or periodic, fever of cattle. Dis. Cattle, pp. 83-155, illus. 1871. Garber, J. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 415-418. 104 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Gardner, C. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Tork.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 221-223. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 216, 217. Gardner, Johnson. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 93-96. Gardner, Thomas. Wild flowers. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 155-162. Gardner, W. H. Training animals for work. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 355-357. Gardner, Frank D., Milton Whitney, and Lyman J. Brlggs. An electrical method of determining the moisture content of arable soils. Soils Bui. No. 6, pp. 26, illus. 1897. Garman, H. The origin and development of parasitism among the Sarcoptidse. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 182-187. 1891. fe Illustrations for the economic entomologist. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 109- 114. 1893. The preservation of larvae for study. I. L., vol. 6, p. 98. 1893. Garnett, Thomas. Growth of cotton in India. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 762-765. Garrigues, W. E. Determination of phosphoric acid by the molybdate method. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 105-108. 1894. Garriott, B. B. Chinook winds. Mo. W. E., vol. 20, p. 23. 1892. The warm waves of July and August, 1892. Mo. W. E.,vol. 20, pp. 223, 224. 1892. High areas of the north Pacific Coast in September, October, and November. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 249, 250. 1895. Tropical storms of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean in September. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 167-169. 1895. High areas north of the St. Lawrence Valley in October, November, and December. Mo. W, E., vol. 23, p. 292, 1895. Cold waves on the middle Gulf Coast. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 334, 335. 1895. Wind barometer table. Mo. W. E,, vol. 23, pp. 204, 205. 1897. Gates, William P. [Eemarks on farm stock and potatoes.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 300, 301. Gaurch6, J. P. [Eemarks on cotton in Cuba.] Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 285, 286. Geddes, George. Experiments in the culture of Indian corn. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 436-440. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 105 Geiger, "William. Wheat and other crops in Oregon. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 12-17. Wheat, corn, oats, clover iind the grasses, neat cattle, dairy husbandry, hemp, root crops, and vines. Geitel, H., and J. Elster. Eeview of recent investigations into the subject of atmospheric electricity. W. B. Bui. So. 2, pt. 2, pp. 510-522, illus. 1895. Gennert, Theodore. Eeport on beet sugar in Europe. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 158-171. Genin, Thomas H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 368-372. George, Robert. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 364-368. Woolgrowing. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 124-127. Georgeson, C. C. Progress report on the dairy industries of Denmark. Uunum. rpt., pp. 14. 1893. Eeport on the dairy industry of Denmark. B. A. I. Bui. No. 5, pp. 133, illus. 1893. Forage plants for the semiarid West. O. E. S. Bui. Eo."16, pp. 145-147. 1893. Kaflr corn : Characteristics, culture, and uses. F. B. No. 37, pp. 12, illus. 1896. How shall selling milk on the basis of quality be accomplished in the retail trade? O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 93-95. 1897. Gerland, E. Historical sketch of instrumental meteorology. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pp. 687-699. 1896. Gerolt, Pr. V. Mexican frijoles. Ag. Ept. 1853, p. 223. Giard, M. A. On the parasitic castration of Typhlocyba by the larva of a Hymenopter {Aphelopiis melalencus) and that of a Dipter (Atel- eneura spuria). I. L., vol. 2, pp. 271-273. 1890. Gibbs, Wilmot S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in South Carolina.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 231-237. Gibson, Charles. Differences in the determination of reverted phosphoric acid by the official method of analysis. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 166-170. 1890. Gibson, H. B., S. Calvert, and D. W. May. Dietary studies at the University of Missouri in 1895, and data relating to bread and meat consumption in Missouri. O. E. S. Bui. No. 31, pp. 20. 1896. Gift, George "W. Cotton under high culture. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 409-412. 106 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUKE. Gilbee, W. A. Thft use of alcotiol in the manufacture of sorghum sugar. Ohem. Bui. No. 34, pp. 8, 9. 1892. Gilbert, B. D. The cheese industry in the State of New York. B. A. I. Bui. No. 15, pp. 3-44. 1896. Gilbert, Charles H. Eeport on the fishes of the Death Valley expedition collected in southern California and Nevada in 189 1 , with descriptions of new species. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 229-234. 1893. Gilbert, Joseph Henry. Agricultural investigations at Rothamsted, England. O. B. S. Bui. ^ o. 20, pp. 46-51 . 1894. Agricultural investigations at Rothamsted, England, during a period of fifty years. O. E. S. Bui. No. 22, pp. 316, illus. 1895. (Six lectures delivered under the provisious of the Lawes Agricultural Trust, under the auspices of the Association of the American Agricultural Col- leges and Experiment Stations in November, 1893.) — The experiments with root crops grown continuously — Experiments with barley grown continu- ously — Results of Experiments at Rothamsted on the growth of various leguminous crops for many years in succession on the same land ; also con- sideration of the q'lestion of the fixation of free nitrogen — Experimeuts on the growth of wheat for fifty years in succession on the same land — Experiments at Rothamsted oq rotation of crops — Experiments at Roth- amsted on the feeding animals for the production of meat, milk, manure, and for the exercise of force. Srilchrist, James B. - Small-fruit culture. Pom. Rpt. 1895, pp. 57-04. 1897. 3-ill, Theodore. Pisciculture with reference to American waters. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 394-423, illus. Pisciculture among the ancients — Pisciculture and spawn collecting in China— Rapid growth of Chinese fishes — Pisciculture in Europe during the middle ages— Discovery of artificial fecunditiou by Jacobi — Artificial fecundation — Rediscovery and practical application of artificial fecunda- tion — Nature and objects of pisciculture — Mode of operation — Apparatus for batching — Artillcial spawning beds — Pisciculture mostly applied to fresh-water fishes — Reclcless pursuit of fresh-water fish — Restocking water with new or locally exterminated species — Subclasses of fishes — Charac- teristic forms of teleosts of freshwater — Economical American fresh-water fishes — Centrarchids, or sunflshcs — The gourami: Its habitat or native country. Grillespie, William A. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 320, 321. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 309-311. Gillette, C. P. Notes ou the plum curculio and plum gouger. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 227-229. 1891. Notes on certain experiments and observations at the Iowa Experi- ment Station. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 258-261. 1891. To prevent squirrels from pulling corn — Kerosene emulsion as a sheep dip — The scurfy bark louse — Experiments with the arsenites — Cutworm para- sites — Insect diseases — The jiotato stalk weevil — Pyrethrum experiments — Kerosene extract of pyrethrum as an insecticide. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 107 Gillette, C. P.— Coiitimiert. The arsenites and arsenical mixtures as insecticides. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 115-121. 1893. The grasshopper disease iu Colorado. Bnt. Bui. No. G, u. s., pp. 89-93. 1896. How shall we improve our collections [entomological]? Ent. Bui. No. 2, u. s., pp. 95-97. 189G. Vernacular names of insects. Bnt. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 32-34. 1897. A successful lantern trap. Bnt. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 75, 76, illus. 1897. Oviposition in young forest trees by Tetraopesfemoratus. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 76, 77. 1897. A few insects that have been unusually abundant in Colorado this year. Bnt. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 77-79. 1897. GiUet, H. N. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. lipt. 1852, pp. 243-245. Gipps, Frederick S. Extent and Importance of ancient water supply and irrigation works. S. Ex. Doc. No. 41, pt. 1, pp. 428-432. 1892. Gird'OT'ood, John. Culture of the potato in Scotland. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 461-464. Gitbens, John A. [Address before National Eoad Conference, July 5, 1894.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 5, 6. 1894. Gittings, Julian E. [Eeport on the commerce of Port Hope, Canada.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 31, 32. 1895. Gladding, Thomas. On the determination of citrate- soluble phosphoric acid in natural guanos. Chem. Bui. No. 7, pp. 16-19. 1885. Gladding, T. S. Discussion of the estimation of phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No, 49, pp. 75, 76. 1897. Glassford, W. A. Eainfall in Arizona and its effect on irrigation and water storage, with description of some favorable points for storage reservoirs. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 486-494, illus. 1890. Glenn, S. W. Memorable snowstorms in South Dakota. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 15, 16. 1897. Glennie, A. Meteorological statement for 1851, at Waccamaw, South Carolina. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 641, 642. Glover, Townend. Insects injurious and beneficial to vegetation. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 59-89, illus. Cotton louse, bollworm, grain moth, Sylranus qnadricolUs, Angoumois motlis, billbiig, or corn-boi IT, corn Avorui, rice weevil, AnoMum panioeimi, Hessian fly, wheat midge, joint worm, vine hopper, American procris, Desmia 108 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Glover, Townend — Continuerl. malculalis, spotted pelidnota, plant louse, grapevine borer, plum weevil, apple (or codling) moth, peach tree borer, ichneumon fly, syrphus, lady- bird, lacewing fly, Carolina tiger beetle, harpalus, rearhorse, Beduviua novenarius, ichneumon fly. Insects frequenting the cotton plant. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 64-115, illus. Cutworm, cotton louse, grasshoppers, leaf hopper, cotton caterpillar, grass caterpillar, red spider, drop or hang worm, corn emperor moth, cotton tortrix, yellow caterpillar, cotton arctia, pea-green caterpillar, cotton Lygseus, sap-suckers, blister Hy (Cantharis s fi , Analyses of honeys. Ohem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 751-754. 1892. [Presidential address before the Association of OfQcial Agricul- tural Chemists.] Ohem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 9-11. 1896. Chemistry for technical and practical students. O. E. S. Bui, No. 41, pp. 88-90. 1897. Huston, H. A., and F. W. McBride. A modification of Grandeau's method for the determination of humus. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 84-92. 1893. Preliminary investigations relating to the determiiiation of crude fiber. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 135-142. 1893. Huston, H. A., and J. M. Bartlett. Soil solvents for available potash and phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 91-96. 1897. Huston, H. A., and W. J. Jones, jr. Action of ammonium citrate and citric acid on basic slag. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 68-71. 1897. Hyde, John. Statistics of flax culture in the United States. Fiber Ept. No. 4, pp. 83-87, 1892. Discussion of the agricultural statistics of the Eleventh United States Census. B. A. I. Bui. No. 11, pp. 12-22. 1896. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 219-224. Ihne, Egon. Phenologic or thermal constants. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 427-431. 1895. IngersoU, C. Ii. Cooperative field experiments. O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 109, 110. 1891. The bulletin, present and prospective [of the experiment station]. O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 138, 139. 1893. Irish, Charles W. [Irrigation in Nevada]. S. Ept. No. 928; pt. 3, pp. 502-507, maps. 1890. Artesian water in Nevada. S. Ex. Doc. No. 53, pp. 201-206. 1891. Eeport of the Special Agent in Charge of the Irrigation Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 593, 594. Eeport of the Chief of the OfiBce of Irrigation Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 219, 220. Climate, soil characteristics, and irrigation methods of California. Y. B. 1895, pp. 475-486, illus. The rainfall— Amount of water used in irrigation— How irrigation is practiced. Eeport of the Chief of the Offlce of Irrigation Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 183-185. 142 U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Jackson, Charles T. Eemarks on fertilizers, or saline manures. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 102-108. Deodorization of vaults and the conversion of night soil into manure. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 198-200. Chemical researches on the Sorgho sucre. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. .307, 308. Chemical researches on the Chinese and African sugar canes. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 185-192. Analysis of the Chinese yam, Mercer potato, and chufa. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 165, 166. Chemical analyses of cotton soils — Analyses of the ash of the cot- ton plant. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 296-304. Chemical analyses of Indian corn. Ag. Ept. 1857, i)p. 160-164. Etherization of animals. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 59-61. Flax- cotton: Its adaptation to cotton machinery. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 405-410. Chemical analyses of corn cobs. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 163-168. Chemical researches on the seed of the cotton plant. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 234-238. Jackson, John. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 479, 480. Jackson, J. F. [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 30-34. 1893. How to procure the means to build good roads. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 11, pp. 29-32. 1895. Jackson, Sheldon. Preliminary report on the agricultural and horticultural conditions in the Yukon Valley. O. E. S. Bui. No. 48, pp. 35-36. 1898. Jackson, W H. Essay on the blood horse. Unnum. rpt., pp. 50-55, in "Proceed- ings." 1882. ' Jackson, W. 'W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.l Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 404-406. i e, V , vi^ Jacobs, Lionel M. Agriculture of San Bernardino County, California. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 157-165. Extent and climate of the county— Soil— Capabilities for production and products — Irrigation — Manuring- Draining— Wheat — Barley— Corn — Beans— Oats— Rye -Tobacco— Sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane— Peach- Other fruits— The grape— Horses— Mules— Neat cattle— Sheep— Bees. Jaeger, Hermann. Experiments [on grape diseases] at Neosho, Missouri. Bot. Bui. No. 5, pp. 29-36. 1888, [Eeport of experiments on diseases of the grapevine at Neosho, Missouri, in 1888.] Bot. Bui. No. 10, pp. 29-34. 1889. [Eeport on the treatment of grape diseases at Neosho, Missouri, in 1889.] Bot. Bui. No. 11, pp. 05-69. 1890. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 143 Jaffray, John. Account of an experiment in deep rlowiua;. As. Ept. 1845, pp. 1034-1036. James, E. J. The Government iu its relation to tbe forests. For. Bui. No. 2, pp. 23-39. 1889. James, Joseph P. Notes on fossil fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 268-273, illus. 1893. Janney, Samuel M. Virginia : Her past, present, and future. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 17-42. The tide-water region — Population of the tide- water region in \'irginia — The piedmont region — The great valley — The trans-Alleghany region — State- ments of the farm products, live stock, products of the mines, iron manu- factures, cotton manufactures, woolen manufactures, and tobacco manu- factures of Virginia— Fruit growing — Education — Present condition — The future. Jeffress, E. B. [Eemarks on potato culture.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 319, 320. Jenkins, E. H., and A. Ii. Winton. A compilation of analyses of American feeding stuffs. O. E. S. Bui. No. 11, pp. 155. 1892. Jenkins, Thornton A. The culture of colza and rape for oil. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 226-231. Jenter, C. G. Results obtained in standardizing the more common acid and alkali solutions. Ohem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 43-45. 1893. Jewell, Ii. E. The determination of the relative quantities of aqueous vapor in the atmosphere by means of the absorption lines of the spectrum. W. B. Bui. No. 16, pp. 12, illus. 1896. Jewett, S. Wright. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 141-143. Johns, Urban E. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Kentucky.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 277, 278. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Kentucky.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 314-316. Johnson, Alfred C. [Report on the commerce of Stuttgart, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. No, 2, pp. 64-68. 1895. Animals, cereals, fresh meats, cotton, wheat prod nets, tobacco, fresh fruits and vegetables, wines. Johnson, A. L. Economical designing of timber trestle bridges. For. Bui. No. 12, pp. 57. 1896. Johnson, B. F. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Rjjt. 1847, pp. 362-368. Paragraphs on wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn, potatoes, hay, flax, tobacco, silk, sugar, rotation of crops, root crops, pease and beans, fruit, dairies, stock, sheep, wool depots, manures, draining, with extracts of renorts from various counties in New York. 144 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Johnson, B. P.— Continued. [Eeport on agricultural products, etc., of New York.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 370-401. Johnson, Edmund. Agriculture of Tuspan, in Mexico. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 498-501. Johnson, H. S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 414-418. [Eemarks on dairy cows, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 120-128. Johnson, J. B. Work [in timber physics] at the test laboratory at St. Louis, Mis- souri. For. Bui, No. 6, pp. 31-41, illus, 1892. Mechanical tests made at Washington University testing labora- tory, St. Louis, Missouri. [Timber physics]. For. Bui. No. 8, pp. 3-13, illus. 1893. Eesults of mechanical tests. [Timber physics.] For. Bui. No. 8, pp. 22-31, illus. 1893. Johnson, J. E. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 340, 341. Johnson, La'wrence. Eeport upon the cotton worm, bollworm, and other insects. Ent. BM. No. 1, pp. 53-58. 1883. Johnson, M. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Jersey.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 668-671. Johnson, R. E. Weights and measures. Mo. Ept., Nov.-Dec, 1864, pp. 19-22. Johnson, S. W. [Presidential address before the Association of American Agri- cultural Colleges and Experiment Stations.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 43-46. 1897. Johnson, Willis G. Notes on some little-known insects of economic importance. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 83-85. 1897. Notes from Maryland on the principal injurious insects of the year. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 80, 82. 1897. Notes on new and old scale insects. Ent. Bui. No. 6, n. s., pp. 74-78. 1896. Entomological notes from Maryland. Ent. Bui. No. 6, n. s., pp. 63-66. 1896. Johnston, A. T. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept, 1851, pp. 322, Johnstone, Edward. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 355, 356. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 145 Jones, A. C. Thea viridis, or Chinese tea plant, and the practicability of its culture and manufacture in the United States. Spl. Ilpt. No. 3, pp. 5-14. 1877. ' Jones, Frank M. Bermestes vidpimts in goatskins. I.L.,vol.2,pp.63,(i4,illus. 1889, Jones, Henry B. [Report on farm crops, etc.,in Virginia.] Ag.Ept.l851,pp.283-291. Jones, J. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Delaware. ] Ag. Rpt. 1847, pp. 368-372. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Delaware.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 461-467. Jones, J. B. Cork oak. For. Bui. No. 11, pp. 9-18. 1895. History and statistics— Botanical— Harvest— Preparation for market. Jones, J. Ii. The mule: Its uses, how to breed, grow, prepare for the market, and sell. 8th and 9th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 335-342. 1893. Jones, Ii. R. A comparative test of fungicides in checking potato blight and rot. O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 89-91. 1893. Jones, R. W. Report of observations and experiments on the cotton worm {Aletia xylina). Eut. Bui. No. 1, pp. 47-51. 1883. Experiments on the eggs — Tacliinas and ichiieumous— Bollworms — Prepara- tions for destroying tlie worms — Paris green — Pyrethrnm. The cotton boUworm (Seliothis armiger) and cotton army worm (Aletia xylina). 4th Rpt. Ent. Com., pp. 17-23, appx. ii. 1885. Jones, T.C., E. W. Hilgard, and R. W. Furnas. Climatic and agricultural features and the agricultural practice and needs of the arid regions of the Pacific Slope, with notes on Arizona and New Mexico. Unnum. rpt., pp. 182. 1882. Jones, William J. Origin, habits, and destructive tendencies of Aletia xylina. 4th Rpt. Ent. Com., pp. 55-57, appx. vi. 1 885. [Report on cotton insects.] Cot. Insects, pp. 356-358. 1879. Jones, W. J., jr., and H. A. Huston. Action of ammonium citrate and citric acid on basic slag. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 68-71. 1897. Jordan, W. H. American digestion experiments. E. S. R., vol. 6, pp. 5-8. 1894. Dietary studies at the Maine State College in 1895. O. E. S. Bui. No. 37, pp. 57. 1897. The college commons and the conditions under which the experiments were made— The questions studied — The analyses of the raw materials, cooked foods, and wastes — The cost of raw materials — Data obtained in the dietary studies — Dietary study under ordinary conditions — Study of a dietary containing expensive protein — Study of a dietary containing cheap protein — Study of a dietary containing limited milk supply — Study of a dietary containing a large amount of milk — Discussion of the investiga- tion and its result — Summary. 21713— No. 4 10 146 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Judd, N. B. Wheat growing in Prussia. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 404-411. Frankenstein wheat — Ciijawischer wheat — The cultivation of wheat in Prussia — Climate and soil— Tillage — Winter wheat — Harvest— Yield of corn and straw — General remarks. Judd, Sylvester D. Four common birds of the farm and garden. Y. B. 1895, pp. 405-418, illus. Cat-bird, brown thrasher, mocking bird, house wren. Judd, Thomas, The almond in southwest Utah and southeast Nevada. Pom. Ept. 1895, pp. 55-57. 1897. Judson, Philander. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 464, 465. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 332, 333. Judson, Timothy. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 432- 436. I- [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 184- 187. J:ulien, William, jr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 390-395. Jussen, Edmund. Austrian crops. Ept. Stat., July, 1885, pp. 43, 44. Kales, J. W. Explosive noises at Franklinville, New York. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, p. 393, 1897. Kane, Dominic J. [Eeport on the commerce of Oharlottetown, Prince Edward Island.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 60-62. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeijs. Kastle, J. H., Paul Marvin, and J. C. Calvert. On the action of oxalic acid upon phosphates, silicates, and soil. Ohem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 53-58. 1894. Kearney, Thomas H,, jr' Notes on grasses and forage plants of the Southeastern States. Agros. Bui. No. 1, pp. 28, illus. 1895. Kedzie, R. C. Eeport on soil analysis. Chem. Bui. No. 31, p. 116. 1891. Vessels for acid digestion of soils. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 82, 83. 1893. Protection of vegetation from frost. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, p. 295. 1895, Keffer, Charles A. Wattle tree. For. Bui. No. 11, pp. 19-22, illus. 1895. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 147 Kefier, Charles A. — Continued. Tree planting in waste places on the farm. Y. B. 1896, pp. 323- 340, illus. General remarks — The farm nursery— Notes on varieties and methods — Planting to bind soils — The nut trees. Tree planting in the Western plains. Y. B. 1895, pp. 341-360. Characteristic features of the plains — Objects of tree planting — Availability of species — Adaptability of species — Objections to planting single species — Rules for mixed plantings — Relative shade endurance — Rate of develop- ment — Close planting — Illustrative tree mixtures — Conifers for Western planting — Forest planting in the sand hills — General cultural notes. Kellerman, "W. A., and J. B. Ellis. New species of Kansas fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 142-144. 1889. Kellerman, W. A., and W. T. S-wingle. Status of the sorghum blight. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 195-199. 1889. Prevention of smut in oats and other cereals. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 26-29. 1890. New species of Kansas fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 11-14. 1889. New species of Kansas fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 72-78. 1889. Kellicott, D. S. Hepialus argenteomaculatus. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 250, 251. 1889. Note on the horn fly in Ohio. I. L., vol. 4, p. 35, 1891. Notes on ^geriidfe of central Ohio. — II. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 81-86, 1892. Hypoderas columbce. — a note. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 77, 78, illus. 1892. The preparatory stages of Eustrotia caduca. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 321, 322. 1891. Kellogg, S. W. Statistics, etc., concerning farm crops in Brazos County, Texas. Ag. Rpt. 1847, pp. 397-399. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 657-561. Kellogg, Vernon L. Insects injuring drugs at the University of Kansas. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 31, 32. 1894. Kansas notes [entomological], I. L., vol. 5, pp. 114-116. 1892. Hessian fly, chinch bug, wheat-straw worm, wheat-head worm, Southern corn-root worm, ham fly, bag worm, locusts, bibio, melon aphis, Angoumois grain moth. Kelsey, P. D. Notes on the fungi of Helena, Montana. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 80-82. 1889. Kelsey, F. D., and P. W. Anderson. Brysipheae upon Phytoptiis distortions. Jour. Mycol., vol 5, pp. 209, 210. 1889. 148 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Kelley, Addison. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., ia Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 373, 374. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 250, 251. Kelly, E, G. On bees, etc. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 394-396. Kelly, O. H. Minnesota. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 31-41. Topographical features — Soil — Productions — Stock raising — Wool — Fruits — Timber — Manufacturing facilities — Climate- — Postal facilities — Educa- tion — Our population — Homestead law — Army worms and grasshoppers — Sioux depredations — The drought— Irrigation — Scenery — Wild game — Wild rice — Swamp lands — Cities and towns — Natural resources of wealth — Copper, iron, and lead — Railroads — Salt lakes — A bureau of immigration. Kennedy, A. R. Cattle and sheep industry of Colorado. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 367-370. 1893. Kennicott, John A. Eeport of the committee of the North American Pomological Con- vention for the State of Illinois. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 429-445. Kennicott, Robert. The quadrupeds of Illinois injurious and beneficial to the farmer. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 52-110, illus. Large-tailed fox squirrel, migratory, or common gray and black squirrel {iSciuriis migratorius), black squirrel {S. niger)^ Southern gray or Carolina squirrel {S. carolinensis), little red squirrel (S. Imdsonius), common flying squirrel {Pteromys volncella), striped ground squirrel or chipmunk {Tamias striatua), striped and spotted prairie squirrel (SpermopMlus tredecimlineatus), gray prairie squirrel (S. franlclinii), prairie dog (S. ludoviciamis), woodchucli or ground hog {Aretomys monax), common white-footed wood mouse (Mus Jeucopus), white- footed prairie mouse {Mus hairdii), long-tailed jumping mouse (Jaculus lahradorius), prairie meadow mouse (Arncola austerus), wood meadow mouse (A. scalopsoides), long-haired meadow mouse {A. ripa- rhis), muskrat (Fiber zilethicus), common house mouse {Mus musculua), brown rat {Mus decumanus), black rat {Mus rattus). The quadrupeds of Illinois injurious and beneficial to the farmer. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 72-107. Pocket gopher or pouched rat {Geomys hursarius) — Common gray rabbit or hare {Lepus sylvaticua), the northern hare, varying hare, or white rabbit {Lepus americunua), swamp rabbit or water hare {Lepus aquaticua, red mouse {Heaperomys nuUalli, Arvicola nuttalli, Mua aureolua), red-backed meadow mouse {Arvieola gapperi), Canadian porcupine {Erethizon dor- aatua), short-tailed shrew {Sorex Marina hrevicaudatua), Cooper's shrew (5. cooperi), Arnold's shrew {S. eximiua), silvery mole or western ground mole (Scalops argentatua), star-nosed mole {Condylura eristata), mink {Putm'iiis viso7i), common white weasel or American ermine {Putorius noveboraoensie) . Kenworthy, Charles J. "Woolgrowing in Australia. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 204-223. Crown leases — Land — The home station — Wattle-and-daub buildings — Hut- keepers and shepherds — Pasturage — Facts from wool growers — Wages of attendants — Diseases — Washing — The alleged deterioration of wool — The northern pastoral districts of South Australia — Sheep thriving on deserts- Statistics of Australian wool. Kern, M. G. The relation of railroads to forest supplies and forestry. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 11-25, 1887. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 149 Kilborne, F. L. An outbreak of abortion in mares. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 49-52. 1893. Kilborne, P. L., and E. C. Schroeder. Clinical and patbological notes on a herd of sixty cattle tested with tuberculin. (Soldiers' Home herd.) B. A. I. Bui. No. 17, pp. 7-87, 1894. Kilborne, F. L., and Theobald Smith. Investigations into the nature, causation, and prevention of Texas or Southern cattle fever. B. A. I. Bui. No. 1, pp. 301, illus. 1893. Investigations into the nature, causation, and prevention of south- ern cattle fever. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 177-304, illus. 1893. Kilborne, F. L., Theobald Smith, and E. C. Schroeder. Additional observations on Texas cattle fever. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 67-72. 1893. Kilgore, B. W. Report on phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 62-82. 1896. On the estimation of phosphoric acid by titration of the yellow pre- cipitate of phosphomolybdate of ammonia. Chem. Bui. No. 100- 104. 1894. Eeport on phosphoric acid. Ghem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 68-86. 1894. The feeding value of cotcon-seed products. O. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 385-422. 1896. Kilgore, B. 'W., and C. B. Williams. Comparison of results by old and new methods for citrate-insoluble phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 108, 109. 1894. Killin, Benton. Agriculture in Alaska. O. E. S. Bui. No. 48, pp. 29-35. 1898. Details of travel — Topography of the country — The soil — Climate — Native plants — Domestic plants — Native animals — Domestic animals — Fox rais- ing — The fishes of Alaska — Tiraher — What has been clone in the way of agriculture — Ensilage — The outlook for agriculture from an economic standpoint— Lands for stations — Laud titles — Conclusions. King, Franklin H. Observations and experiments on the fluctuations in the level and rate of movement of ground water on the Wisconsin Agricul- tural Experiment Station farm and at Whitewater, Wisconsin. W. B. Bui. No. 5, pp. 75, illus. 1892. What does a lysimeter teach! O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 106, 107. 1891. Irrigation in humid climates. F. B. No. 46, pp. 27, illus. 1897. King, Jonas. Remarks on cotton in Greece. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 263-265. King, William M. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1885, pp. 47-61. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 47-67. 150 -U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. King, William M. — Continued. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1887, pp. 653-G71. Eeport of the Chief of the Seed Division, Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 643-661. King, William R. Eeport on the relative merit of various stocks for the orange with notes on rial di goma and the mutual influence of stock and scion. Pom. Bui. No. 4, pp. 21. 1891. Kinkead, Warner S. [Report on the commerce of Southampton, England.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 75-79, 1895. Livestock — Dairy products — Cereals — Canned meat, hams, bacon, lard, etc. — Tobacco and flour — Apples and fruits — Wines, beers, and whiskies. Kinley, Isaac. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 426-429. Kinney, Abbot. The forests of Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Bernardino coun- ties, California. For. Bui. No. 2, pp. 198-205. 1889. Eucalyptus, For. Bui. No. 11, pp. 23-28. 1895. General characteristics — Uses — Ability to withstand cold — Species in south- ern California — Species in southern Florida. Kintner, Jacob L. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 222-224. Kintred, Jacob L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 434-437. Kirtland, A, H. On the preparation and use of arsenate of lead. Ent. Bui, No. 9. n.s,, pp. 46-48. 1897. ' A new insecticide. Ent. Bui, No. 6, n. s., pp. 27-29. 1896. Kirtland, Jared P. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 363, 364. The proper time for cutting timothy. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp, 248-250, illus. Kittredge, Thomas W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Hampshire.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 657-659. Klee, W. G. Culture of the date. Unnum. rpt., pp. 25. 1883. Tropical and semitropical fruits of California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Pom, Bui, No. 1, pp. 111-145, 1888. Klippart, John H. The international fair at Stettin. Mo. Ept., Sept., 1865, pp. 6-16. German agriculture. Mo. Ept., Aug., 1865, pp, 6-12. Knapp, G. W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc, in Michigan,] Ag. Ept, 1850, pp. 384, 385, INDEX TO AUTHORS. 151 Knapp, S. A. The limits of education uuder the law at our agricultural colleges. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 163-168. 1885. Kubrr, Aug. H. Examinatiou of meats. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 355-358. Eeport ou cattle foods rich iu carbohydrates. Chem. Bui. jSTo. 31, pp. 45-62. 1891. Knowles, Etta L. A study of the abnoruial structures induced by Ustilago zew mays. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. II-IS, illus. 1889. Koebele, Albert. Notes on locusts at and about Folsom, California. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 308-311. Eeport upon supplementary experiments on the cottony cushion scale; followed by a report on experiments ou the red scale. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 558-572. Eeport on experiments against scale insects. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 143-147. Eeport of a trip to Australia, made under the direction of the Ento- mologist, to investigate the natural enemies of the fluted scale. Bnt. Bui. No. 21 (revised edition), pp. 32, illus. 1889. Eeport on California insects. Ent. Bui. No. 22, pp. 85-94. 1890. Madrona tree borer {I'ohicaon con/ertm) — Teut caterpillars — Cutworms — Notes on the habits of tlie codling moth and its enemies and parasites in California— The Hessian fly — Joint worms — Locusts. Eeport of experiments with resin compounds on Phylloxera, and general notes on California insects. P3nt. Bui. No. 23, pp. 37-44. 1891. Sugar-cane insects in New South Wales. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 385-389. 1892. The present status of the recent Australian importations. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 26-29. 1893. Experimeuts with the hop louse in Oregon and Washington. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 12-17. 1893. Studies of parasitic and predaceous insects in New Zealand, Aus- tralia, and adjacent islands. TJnnum. rpt., pp. 39. 1893. Eeport ou entomological work in Oregon and California — Notes on Australian importations. Ent. Bui. No. 32, pp. 33-36. 1894. Kohler, Edward. Application of lime. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 302, 303. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 239-241. Koppen, F. T. Koppen's account of the Hessian fly. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 41, 42, appx. iv. 1883. Koppen, W. The best method of testing weather predictions. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 29-34. 1894. 152 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Koppen, W. — Continiied. The present couditibn and recent progress of climatology. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 461-403. 1895. Kothe, G. C. [Eeport on the commerce of Oassel, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 2, pp. 56-60. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, toljaoco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Kramer, C. F. Sheep in the Cumberland Mountains. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 1016, 1017. Kremser, V. The study of the upper atmosphere by means of balloons. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 725-733. 1896. Krug, W. H. Eeport on tannin. Ohem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 194-203. "1894. An attempt to analyze a mixture of dextrine, starch, dextrose, sucrose, and gum arable. Ghem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 167-170. 1894. Eeport on tannin. Ghem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 154-160. 1896. Kiihn, Julius. Feeding standards for domestic animals. E. S. E., vol. 4, pp. 6-13. 1892. Laberge, Charles. [Eeport on the commerce of St. Hyacinthe, Quebec] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 44. 1895. .Labue, A. D. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 462, 463. Iiad^, Prau von Roeszler. Gultivation of the nettle in Germany. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 562-565. Lafitte, Prosper de. Action of sulphate of copper on the mildew. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 100-107. 1886. Lagerheim, Gr. de. The relationship of Puccinia and Phragmidium. Jour. MycoL, vol. 6, pp. 111-113. 1891. Observations on new species of fungi from North and South America. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 44-50, illus. 1891. Eemarks on the fungus of a potato scab [Spongospora solani). Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 103, 104. 1892. Lake, E. R. Prune culture in the Pacific northwest. Pom. Ept. 1894, pp. 41-49, illus. 1895. Iianoaster, A. Hoar frost especially rich in nitrogen. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, p. 371. 1896. Lander, J. N. Smoke-consuming device for locomotives. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 132-136, illus. 1887. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 153 Landou, M. B. Cotton [by free labor]. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 88-92, illus. Difficulties encountered— Seed— Preparing the soil for the seed- The grow- ing plant— The cotton louse— The grass caterpillar— Cotton caterpillar {Noctiia zylina) — Cotton maturing — Free versus slave hihor— Expense. Lane, J. Q. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 376, Lang, Thomas S. Eoadsters and trotters. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 167-161. Langley, S. P. The meteorological work of the Smithsonian Institution. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 216-220. 1895. Langlois,A. B., and J. B. Ellis. New species of Louisiana fungi. Jour. MycoL, vol. 6, pp. 35-37. 1890. Langworthy, C. F. The excretion of metabolized nitrogen by animals. E. S. E., vol. 7, pp. 817-825. 1896. Soy beans as food for man. F. B. No. 58, pp. 20-23. 1897. LangTworthy, C. P., and W. O. Ativater. A digest of metabolism experiments in which the balance of income and outgo was determined. O. E. S. Bui. No. 45, pp. 434. 1897. Langworthy, L. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 204-208. Lapham, Julia A. Biographical sketch of Increase Allen Lapham. W. B. Bui. No. 18, pp. 36-39. 1896. Larkin, Mordecai. Pennsylvania farming — Improved hay fork. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 365-367, illus. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 256-258. Larrabee, 3. H. Experiments in apiculture. Ent. Bui. No. 30, pp. 57-64. 1893. Breeding— Removing the queen to prevent swarming — Wax secretion — Planting for honey — Evaporation of honey — Feeding back. Paris green and the honey bee. I. L., vol. 4, p. 282. 1892. Larwill, J. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 379-384. Latham, H. The pastoral lands of America. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 301-310. History of grazing on the Plains — Woolgrowing. Latbrop, Lorin A. Peaches and other fruits in England. For. Mkts. Circ. No. 1, pp. 2. 1895. 154 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Lathrop, Paoli. [Eeport oa farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 379-381. Latta, W. C. Money value of good roads. Eoad Inq. Giro. Ko. 23, pp. 4. 1896. Form, size, arrangement, and treatment of plats in tield experi- mentation. O. E. S. Bui. No. 30, pp. 83, 84. 1896. Law, James. Epizootic aphthfe. ^Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 352-357. Nature of the disease— Causes — Relative susceptibility of different animals — Symptoms— Losses occasioned by the disease— Origin of the present out- break in America — Treatment — Prevention. Influenza in horses. Ag. Ept. 1872, pp. 203-248, illus. Symptoms and course — Symptoms of the simple or catarrhal form — Report on observations by the Microscopist of tlie Department of Agriculture — Dr. Caldwell's analysis of the iiriue— Method of analysis. Hog cholera — Intestinal fever in swine. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 426- 436. Investigation of swine plague. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 365-421, illns. Incubation of the disease — Symptoms — Post-mortem lesions — Microscopic observations — Parasitic worms — Experiments on the propagation of the disease by inoculation and otherwise — Nature of the hog fever — Causes- Is the treatment of hog fever good policy? — Measures to arrest and extirfiate the disease — Record of experiments — Supplemental report — Experiments in feeding the virulent matter — Successful inoculation with frozen prodiuts of the disease— Contagion from an infected pen — Success- ful inoculation of pigs with virus that had been kept for a month in dry wheat bran — Cohahitation with sick pigs in different stages of the disease — Occult forms of the disease — Infection of other animals than swine— Infec- tion of a rabbit from a sick pig — Successful inoculation from the sick rab- bit — Probable susceptibilily of other rodents — Inoculations fnmi the rat — Successful inoculation of slieep — Infection of the Merino — Infection of the lamb — Successful inoculation of a pig from the sheep — Unsuccessful inoc- ulation ofa puppy — Significance of the infection of rodents and sheep. Plenro-pneumouia in New York and elsewhere. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 237-242. 1879. Second supplemental report on swine fever. Ag. Ept. 1879, pp. 420-435, illus. Infection by cohabitatiou — Post-mortem examination of infected lamb — Postmortem examination of the infected Merino— Pig succesBfully inoc- ulated from sheep and 1 imb — Successful )noculatip. 455-526, illus. Lesions observed after death — Summary of results — Force of the virus les- sened by cultivation in free air — Pasteur's method with chicken cholera — Buchner's observations on Bacillus anthracis and B. suitilis — Preservation of the anthrax germs in graves, etc. — Argument from yellow fever — Ex- ample in Asiatic cholera — Example from typhoid fever — Swine-plague virus more virulent when grown in a partially aerated medium— Inocula- tion with virus modified by growthin freeairand otherwise — Deductions — Hygienic and prophylactic — Crowding in coutiucd siiaces under barns- Closed spaces beneath the floors — Objection to wooden floors and walls- Objection to close drains and liquid manure pits— Dangers from railroad cars and from vessels — Railroad and marl;et yards and bnildings— Varying seasons will favor a varying mortality — AVhy summer is the most dangerous INDEX TO AUTHORS. 155 La'w, James — Continued. season —Dry seasons on particular soils — Effect of wet seasons on certain soils — Value of loose dry earth as a disinfectant — Protection by inocula- tion with the mitigated virus — Drawbacks to protective inoonlation with mitigated vims — Inoculation of herds that are already infected — Protect- ive iutiuence of the chemical products of the swiue-plague germ — Precau- tions to be observed — Advantages promised by this method — Disadvan- tages aud drawbacks — Experiments iu inoculation with the blood of a suffocated pig. Investigation of swine plague (second report). Spl. Rpt. No. 22, pp. 68-83. 1880. Pleuropneumonia, or bovine lung plague. Spl. Ept. No. 22, pp. 179-184. 1880. Investigations of swine plague (third report). Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 81-152, illus. 1881. I Contagious diseases of domestic animals.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 19-30. 1883. Cattle trafiftc in relation to cattle plague. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 110-119. 1883. International Veterinary Congress. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 321-370. 1885. Subjects discussed: The organization of veterinary service; contagious plenro-pneumonia of cattle ; education in veterinary medicine ; the right of the veterinary to furnish medicines ; pulmonary phthisis. Diseases of the skin . Spl. Ept. Dis. Horse, pp. 419-445, illus. 1890. Diseases of the generative organs. Spl. Ept. Dis. Horse, pp. 135-180, illus. 1890. Diseases of the eye. Spl. Ept. Dis. Horse, pp. 247-268, illus. 1890. Diseases of the urinary organs. Spl. Ept. Dis. Horse, pp. 59-86, illus. 1890. Investigation of the swine plague. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 56-112, illus. 1879. Itavrrence, B. Profit of Steam plowing. Mo. Ept. 1870, p. 149. Cultivation by steam. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 358, 359. La^vrence, H. E. Steam ploughing in Louisiana. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 278-280. Laiwrence, John. The clergyman's recreation, showing the pleasure and profit of the art of gardening. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 99-100. Lazenby, W. R. How shall we teach horticulture? O. E. S. Bui. No. 30, pp. 60-64. 1896. Leavitt, O. S. The culture and manufacture of flax and hemp. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 83-118. Le Coute, John. American grapevines of the Atlantic States. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 227-232. 156 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Le Due, William G. Report of the Gommissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1877, pp. 5-22. List of articles exported, with quantity and value— Distribution of plants to foreign countries— Letter concerning the distribution of seeds— On the work of the several divisions of the Department. EeportoftheCommissionerof Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 5-95. Botanical Division— Microscopical Division— Entomological Division- Sta- tistical Division — Diseases of domesticated animals — The Paris Exposition of 1878— Forestry — Distribution of seeds — Immediate necessities of the Department — Explauation and remarks on the tables — Imports, exports, cost, and consumption of tea and coffee in the United States from 1790 to 1878— Imports, exports, cost, production, and consumption of brown sugar, refined sugar, foreign candy, melado, or sirup of sugar cane, brown and reiined cane sugar, cane, maple, and sorghum sugar, candy and melado, cane molasses — Wheat experiments — Corn — Garden and flower seeds — Oats — Rye — Barley — Potatoes— Buckwheat — Cotton — Amber sorghum — Sugar beets— Fruits and forest tree seeds aud shrubs — Tobacco — Tea plants and seeds — Prefatory to reports of heads of divisions — Experiments in sugar making — Tanning material. Information in relation to disease prevailing among swine and other domestic animals, communicated to the Senate by the President of the United States in compliance with a resolution of the Senate of February 20, 1878. Unnum. rpt., pp. 149, illus. 1878. [The manufacture of maize and sorghum sugar.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 21. 1879. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1879, pp. 5-30. The sorghum industry — History of the introduction of sorghum — Seed dis- tribution — Diseases of domesticated animals — Coffee — Tea — Immediated necessities of the Department — On the vrork of the divisions. Letter to the chairman of the Committee on Agriculture communi- cating information on the subject of pleuro-pneumonia among cattle. S. Misc. Doc. No. 71, pp. 23. 1879. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 5-35. Division of Chemistry — Beet sugar — Maine Beet Sugar Company — Experi- ments in Delaware — Louisiana sugar — Division of Statistics — Division of Entomology — Division of Botany — Division of Garden and Grounds — Division of Seeds — Microscopist — Folding room — Disbursing office —Print- ing — Tea — Artesian wells — Forestry Division — International sheep and wool show — Silk culture — Grape culture and wine making — Pleuro-pneu- monia contagiosa^Texan cattle fever — Foot-and-mouth disease — Swine plague— Library — Veterinary — Meteorology — Salaries. [Sorghum sugar.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 42, pis. 33. 1880. Ledyard, P. W. [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 27-29. 1893. Lee, Charles. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 103-109. Lee, Daniel. Statistics and progress of agriculture in the United States. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 6-13. Report to the Commissioner of Patents — Agricultural education — The rav- ages of insects — Analysis of soils, marls, and fertilizers^ — The preservation of provisions— The distribution of seeds and cuttings — How cities exhaust the fertility of land. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 157 Lee, Daniel — Continued. The Study of soils. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 25-81. A general view of the subject— Origin of soils— Vegetable and animal mold- Sand in soils— The critical study of the elements of fertility of soils— The philosophy of improving soils— Chemical effects of tillage.' The preparation and ttse of manures. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 118-120. Progress of agriculture in the United States. Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 1-15. ' ^ ^ American agricultnral literature. Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 16-22. Iiecse, Robert H. [Remarks on cotton in Italy.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, p. 296. lie Franc, Einlle. Culture and mannfacture of ramie and jute iu the United States. Unnum. rpt., pp. 19. 1873. Culture of ramie and jute. Ag. Rpt. 1873, pp. 261-272. Leiberg, John B. General report on a botanical survey of the Coeur d'Alene Moun- tains in Idaho during the summer of 1895. Oont. Nut. Herb., vol. 5, pp. 83, map. 1897. Iiincolu, Thomas. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 302-305. Iiemstrom, Selim. The cosmical relations manifested in the simultaneous disturbances of the sun, tlie aurora, and the terrestrial magnetic field. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 492-500, illus. 1895. Lenoir, "W. "W. A strange cattle disease. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 253-255. 1879. Lesley, Allen Voorhees. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Delaware.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 115-121. Lesley, J. P. Coal oil. Agt. Rpt. 1862, pp. 429-447. The composition of coal oil — The manufacture, uses, and statistics of coal oil — The history of coal oil and its discovery — The theory of the origin of coal oil. Lester, H. "W. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp, 133-139. Leverett, T. H. Boot crops, Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 95-102. Mangolds — Time of harvesting — The feeding of mangolds — Turnips — Flat, or English, turnips — Sugar beets— Carrots — Time of harvesting — Expense of growing carrots. Levi, Leo N. [Address on road improvement.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 15, pp, 8-10. 1895. Lewis, Harry. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1851, p. 409. 158 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. LeTwis, James A. Cultivation of the mesquit grass in western Virginia. Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 305. Lewis, J. "W. P. Cultivation of the colza. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 400-402. Liautard, A. Lameness: Its causes and treatment. Spl. Ept. Dis. Horse, pp. 269-356, illus. 1890. Liebig, Justus. On artificial manures. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 1039-1044. Liebscher, G. The principles and methods of breeding cultivated plants. B. S. E., vol. 7, pp. 347-360. 1896. Lincoln, John W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 162-164. Liudsey, J. B. The Darmstadt Experiment Station. B. S. E., vol. 7, pp. 3-11, illus. 1895. Organization — Staff — Revenue — General equipment — Work of the station — ^ Special investigations — Objections to iield experiments lor exact investi- gation — Wagner method — Sample problems under investigation. Wagner method of pot culture. B. S. E., vol. 7, pp. 77-87, illus. 1895. The feeding value of corn stover. T. B. 1896, pp. 353-360. Composition of corn stover — Digestibility of corn stover — Losses of corn stover — Conditions affecting the value of stover — Care of corn stover — Fer- tilizing constituents of corn stover — Conclusions. Eeport on analysis of cattle feeds. Chem. Bui. IsTo. 49, pp. 46-52. 1897. S&indsey, J. B., and E. B. Holland. The phloroglucin method for the estimation of pentosans. Chem. Bui. No. 49, p. 53. 1897. L^nney, C. B. The value of frost predictions, and the best method of making them locally. Mo. W. E., vol. 21, pp. 230, 231. 1893. tilnsey, Joel. [Eeport on -the commerce of Coaticook, Quebec] For. Mkts. Bui. Ko. 4, pp. 44-48. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, seeds, liquors. Lintner, J. A. On arsenical spraying of fruit trees while in blossom. I. L.,vol. 6, pp. 181-185. 1893. The striped cottonwood beetle. But. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 69-75. 1896. The elm leaf-beetle in Albany. Bnt. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 60-56. 1896. Notes on some of the insects of the year in the State of New York. Bnt. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 54-61. 1896. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 159 Linton, N. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Penusylvania.l Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 237-240. Lippincott, Augustus. TEeport ou farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.! Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 236-238. Lippincott, James S. Climatology of the American grapevines. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 194-1:08. The wine grape in the United States — The origin of the new native varie- ties — The grape isotherms and grape zones of the Northern States — An arrangement of native vines, based upon their adaptation to the respective zones — Mean distribiition of summer rain in tlie Northern States — Influence of the lates— Other influences affecting the grape. Geography of plants. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 464-525. Outline sketcli of the geography of plants and of the methods proposed for determining the amount of heat required by the vine and the wheat plant; with remarks on the production of new varieties of wheat, and on the acclimation of plants and observations on the necessity of a more enlight- ened agriculture — On the range of certain annual plants — The tempera- ture attectiug the vine — A table illustrating the temperatures required for the production of wiue of good and excellent quality at certain celebrated localities in Europe — The selection of varieties and their adaptation to their respective districts — Reasons why European wine grape can not succeed in the Eastern United States — The temperatures required by toe American grapevine — General rules for determining the fltness of a dis- trict in the United States for the growth of certain varieties of vines — The production of new varieties of wheat — The range of the wheat plant — Remarks on the acclimation of plants — Concluding remarks ou the neces- sity for a more enlightened agriculture in the United States. Market products of west Few Jersey. Ag. Ept. 1865, pi). 249-295. The "pea-shore" region — Statistics of Camden and Burlington counties — Products of several Camden farms in 1864— Orchard products— Dairy products— Market gardening in New Jersey— Market gardening in Cam- den Countv— Tomatoes, eggplant, and early peas— Asparagus— Early potatoes— Rhubarb— The sweet potato- Cucumbers— Late cabbage- Strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries — Cranberries—The green- sand marl of New Jersey — The climate of southern New Jersey — Table illustrating the comparative mean temperature of sundry places in New England, New York, and the West, with those observed in New Jersey, during the year 186-t — Summary of meteorological observations made at Cole's'Landing, near Haddonfield, New Jersey, 18C4. Observations on atmospheric humidity. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 520- 550. On atmospheric dryness as an aid to radiation and preventive of unseason- able frosts — On the value of scattering belts of forest trees as protectors from drying winds and equalizers of temperature— Ou horizontal shelter as a protection from the vine mildew — On the rot of the grape and the reme- dies therefor— General remarks on mildew— Ozone and the vine mildew. The fruit regions of the northern United States and their local climates. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 137-190. Diverse local climates— Seaboard, interior, and lake climates compared— The value of certain peculiarities of water— The New England coast, Champlain region, and shores of Long Island— The flmall lake counties of New York— The seaboard of New Jersey — The State of Delaware— The valley of the Hudson River— The vine lands of Crooked, Seneca, and Ca- yuga lakes— Statistics of the fruit crop of New York— Temperature of Lake Ontario— The fruit district on the southern shore of Lake Erie— The season of 1866— The western shore of Lake Erie— The agencies which affect the southern shore of Lake Erie— The atmospheric moisture of Kelley's Island— Kelley's Island in November, 1865— The fruit district adjacent to Lake Michigan. 160 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Little, Frank. Celery culture at Kalamazoo, Michigan. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 343-345. Little, Henry. Apples [pruning]. Ag. Ept. 1854, p. 283. Littlehales, G. W. The secular change in the direction of the magnetic needle: Its cause and period. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 174-177. 1894. Locke, C. A. [Letter relating to good roads in Tennessee.] Koad Inq. Circ. No. 22, pp. 3. 1896. Locke, James. Cultivation of the grape. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 940-942. Lockwood, Samuel. Account of the invasion [array worm] of 1880 in New Jersey. 3d Ept. Eut. Com., pp. 139-147. 1883. Lodeman, E. G. Pruning and training of grapes. Y. B. 1896, pp. 499-542, illus. ! lutroductiou — Methods of training — Renewal. p Iiodge, William C. t Fruits and fruit trees of the Middle States: Their propagation, iniluence of stocks, diseases, and enemies. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 199-207. Budding and grafting — The influence of stock — The apple — Pear — The cherry — The peach — The apricot and the nectarine — The grape — The insects — Diseases. Wine-making and vine culture in_the Middle States. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 118-125. Picking — Crushiug and pressing — Fermentation — Sparkling wines — Native wines — Bottling and storing — Soil and locality — Pruning. Feeding beef cattle in the Middle States. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 212- 217, illus. Grass-feeding beeves — Feeding districts — Quality of pastures — Exposures or inclinations — Sour soils — Most profitable stock— Winter, or stall-feeding, on grain— Food — Cooking or steaming food — Selection of stock. Tree planting for profit in the Middle States. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 293-295. Loew, Hermann. Description of the rye gall gnat. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 6-8, appx. ii. 1883. Loggin, E. W. Woolgrowing in Uruguay. Mo. Ept. 1870, p. 436. London, H. A. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 21, 22. 189 J. Longley, A. T. Eeport of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 477- 484. Condensed reports from correspondents. Eeport of the Superintendent of the Document and Folding Eoom. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 449, 450. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 161 Longley, A. T. — Continued. Report of the Superintendent of the Document and Folding Eoom. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 499-501. Report of the Superintendent of the Document and Folding Eoom. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 509-512. LongTworth, N. On the culture of the grape and the manufacture of wine. Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 462-470. Iioomis, L. C. Food. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 358-369. Qualities and changes requisite to health and strength — The temperature of the human body — Analysis of food — The changes in food required by the change of seasons — Analysis of fruit — Unripe fruits — Decaying food. The preservation of food. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 470^94. Preservation by the use of salt — Preservation by sugar — Preservation by heat — Preservation by creosote — Preservation by exclusion of air — Apples, blackberries, butter, cheese, cabbage, corn, cherries, currants, cranberries, cider, eggs, flour, fish, grapes, gooseberries, hams, head cheese, huckleber- ries, jams, jellies, lard, milk, oysters, pork, pumpkins, pickles, pears, peaches, plums, quinces, stravrberries, tomatoes, vinegar, wine. Loomls, Silas L. The con sumption of milk. Ag. Ept . 1861, pp. 209-220. The preservation of milk — Methods of preserving milk — The value of the milk crop. Distribution and movement of neat cattle in the United States. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. :i48-2(;J:. Distribution of neat cattle in the year 1840 — Distribution of cattle in the year 1850 — Distribution of cattle in the year 1860 — Disturbing causes — Working oxen^Milch cows and other cattle — Cattle in time of war — Cat- tle in the loyal States — Cattle in disloyal States. Lord, N. "W. Eeport on phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 23-46. 1892. Iioring, George B. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 5-25. Divisions of Department — Artesian wells — Agriculture of the Pacific Slope — Examination of wools and animal fibers — Grape culture and wine making — Manufacture of sugar from sorghum — Tea culture — Contagious diseases of domesticated animals — Sugar from beets. [Address before the cotton convention held at Atlanta, Georgia, November 2, 1881.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 35. 1881. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1882, pp. 677-692. Eeview of the work of the several divisions of the Department — Distribu- tion of seeds — Diseases of domesticated animals — Artesian wells — Wools and fibers — Department reports. Address on farming. Unnum. rpt., pp. 91-97, in "Proceedings." 1882. Letter in response to a resolution of the House of Eepresentatives relative to the growth of cinchona in the United States. H. Misc. Doc. No. 39, pp. 3. 1882. Communication relative to the establishment of an "experiment station " in the District of Columbia. H. Misc. Doc. No. 30, pp. 6. 1882. Ck-t n-t O 162 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTUEE. Loring, George B.— Continued. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1833, pp. 3-16. Review of the work of the several divisions of the Department — Investiga- tion of sorghum — American butters and their adulterations — Departmental reports — Artesian wells — Seed distribution. Proceedings of a national convention of cattle breeders and others called in Chicago, Illinois, November 15 and 16, 1883, to consider the subject of contagious diseases of domestic animals. Unnum. rpt.,pp.85. 1883. Address before the American Forestry Congress. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 1, pp. 1-18. 1883. Address before the Mississippi Valley Cane Growers' Association, St. Louis, Missouri, December 14, 1882. Spl. Ept. No. 54, pp. 19. 1883. Letter transmitting a statement of certain grains produced in the United States during certain periods, and their disposition. S. Ex. Doc. No. 37, pp. 12. 1884. Address at the convention of cattle breeders at Chicago. Illinois, November 13, 1884. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 6, pp. 3-19. 1884. Eeport of proceedings of a national convention of cattle breeders and others at Chicago, Illinois, November 14, 1884. Dnnum. rpt., pp. 21. 1884. ' Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 5-18. Review of the work of the several divisions of the Department — Depart- mental reports — Seed distribution. Letter transmitting a list of persons employed and a statement of expenditures and means adopted for the suppression of conta- gious and infectious diseases among domestic animals. H. Ex. Doc. No. 46, pp. 8. 1884. Lotsy, J. P. A contribution to the investigation of the assimilation of free atmospheric nitrogen by white and black mustard. O. E. S. Bui. No. 18, pp. 19, illus. 1894. Zioughridge, R. H. Physical tests of soils. O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 156-162. 1893. Lounsbury, Charles P. Notes on Cape of Good Hope insects. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 34^8. 1897. Iiovering, Joseph. On the nature, causes, and effects of atmospheric electricity. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 449. Protection against the dangers of lightning. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. 336-356. Iiucas, Frederic A. The tongues of woodpeckers. Eelation of the form of the tongue to the character of the food. O. and M, Bui, No. 7, pp. 35-44. 1895, INDEX TO AUTHORS. 163 Iiucas, Mrs. John. Eeport of the Women's Silk Culture Association to the Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889. H. Ex. Doc. No. 110, pp. 10-16. 1890. Eeport of the Philadelphia Government station, under the direction of the Women's Silk Culture Association of the United States, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890. H. Ex. Doc. No. 203, pp. 22-25. 1891. Ludloinr, 'WiUiam. Report on the drainage of Kingsessing and Tinicum meadow dis- trict. Misc. Spl. Kpt. No. 7, pp. 240-244. 1885. Lugger, Otto. Spilosoma fuliginosa. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 236, 237. 1890. Lupton, N. T. Eeport on potash. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 68-71. 1890. [Presidential address before the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.] Chem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 2-6. 1892. Iiurmau, Gustav W. [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 18-20. 1893. Lyman, Charles P. Contagious pleuropneumonia : Extent of its prevalence. Ag. Rpt. 1879, pp. 456-472, illus. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 571-584, illus. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia : Extent of its prevalence. Spl. Rpt. No. 22, pp. 163-179, map. 1880. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia, or lung plague, of cattle: Where and to what extent it exists. S. Misc. Doc. No. 74, pp. 75, illus. ■ 1880. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia. S. Ex. Doc. No. 5, pp. 3-75, pis. 6. 1880. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia and foot-and-mouth disease. • Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 30-42. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 362-355. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia. Spl. Ept. No. 31, pp. 20, illus. 1881. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia (second report). Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 196-267, illus. 1881. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia (third report). Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 268-290, illus. 1881. Lyman, H. L. _.. . . -r> j. Experiments [on grape diseases] at Charlottesville, Virginia. Bot. Bui. No. 5, pp. 7-16. 1888. rEeoort of experiments on diseases of the grapevine at Charlottes- ^X, Virginia in 1888.] - Bot. Bui. No. 10, pp. 20-26, 1889, 164 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Lyman, Joseph B. Cotton planting. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 193-211. Selection of a cotton farm — Stock, laborers, and implements of the cotton farm— How cotton should be planted — Cultivation of a cotton crop- Enemies of the cotton plant and how to destroy them — Cotton picking — Ginning, baling, and marketing — Improved and scientific cultivation of cotton — Improvements in cotton seed. Iiynch, Philip. [Report on farm crops, etc., in California.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 474:- 476. Lyon, T. T. Report on the adaptation of Russian and other fruits to the extreme northern portions of the United States. Pom. Bui. No. 2, pp. 64. 1888. Macadam, Hobert E. North American agarics. Jour. MycoL, vol. 5, pp. 58-64, 135-141. 1889. Macdonald, Charles F. [Report on the commerce of Hamilton, Canada.] For. Mkts. Bui. ■ No. 4, pp. 29, 30. 1895. Macdonell, Charles F. [Report on the commerce of Collingwood, Ontario.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 40. 1895. rMacgowan, D. J. On the tallow tree. Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 54-59. [Culture of ramie.] Mo. Rpt. 1870, pp. 78-80. Macleod, Leslie E. The national horse of America. Ag. Rpt. 1887, pp. 691-712. Macmillan, ConvT-ay. Note on a Minnesota species of Isaria and an attendant Pachy- basium. Jour. MycoL, yoI. 6, pp. 75, 76. 1890. Macrae, A. S. Potato flour, or farina. Ag. Rpt. 1875, pp. 390-394. Macrae, J. R. Stock hogs for market. 10th and llth Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 101, 102. 1896. McAdie, Alexander. Some experiments in atmospheric electricity. Mo. W. R., vol. 19, p. 171. 1891. Protection from lightning. W. B. unnum. circ, pp. 20, illus. 1894. Loss of life by lightning during 1894. Rpt. Chief W. B. 1894, pp. 287,288. Can we by automatic records at three selected stations determine the energy of a flash of lightning? W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 18-21. 1894. The utilization of cloud observations in local and general weather predictions. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 21-25. 1894. Protection from lightning. W. B. Bui. No. 15, pp. 21, illus. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 165 McAdie, Alexander— Continued. Simultaneous meteorological observations in the United States durmg the eighteenth century. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 303-316. 1895. Equipment of an aero-physical observatory. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 453, 454. 1896. ' ' Whirling alto-stratus. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 245, 246, illus. 1897. Climate as a controlling factor in long-distance transmission of electric energy. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 439, 440, illus. 1897. The problem of the kite. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 246-248. 1897. McBride, P. "W., and H. A. Huston. A modification of Grandeau's method for the determination of humus. Chem. Bui. Ifo. 38, pp. 84-92. 1893. Preliminary investigation relating to the determination of crude fiber. Chem. Bui. Ko. 38, pp. 135-142. 1893. McBride, Robert J. [Eeport on the commerce of Leith, Scotland.] For. Mkts. BuJ. No. 1, pp. 120-127. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, etc., tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. McBryde, J. M. Fertilizers for cotton. P. B. No. 14, pp. 32. 1894. McBryde, J. B., and "W. H. Beal. Chemistry of cotton. O. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 81-142. 1896. McCall, Charles. [Eeport on the commerce of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 41, 42. 1895. McCann, D. J. Sheep husbandry in Nebraska. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 193-195, illus. Climate, soil, breeds of sheep. McCarthy, J. H. Eecent publications on meteorology. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 112, 113, 153, 198, 199. 1896. McCay, C. P. The cotton trade. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 439-448. McChesuey, J. H. Eeport on agricultural education in Europe. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 127-157. The royal agricultural college at Cirencester — The university of Edin- burgh — Agricultural societies — Royal agricultural society — Private work- ers — The agricultural institutions of Germany — The royal institute or academy of agriculture at Poppelsdorf — Agricultural school at Plagwitz, near Leipzig — Agricultural course in the University of Leipzig — Hohenheim academy — High school, or academy of agriculture, at Tetscnen-Liebwerd, Bohemia — Royal Bavarian district school at Lichteuhof— Wehienstephan royal Bavarian central ~ school — Agricultural chemical experimental stations. McCbesney, 3. "Vf. The esparto grass. Mo. Rpt. 1869, pp. 234, 235. 166 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. McCready, Daniel. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 553-556. Meteorological observations near Fort Madison, Iowa, for the ysar ending November 30, 1850. Ag. Rpt. 1850, p. 357. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 455-457. Abstract of meteorological observations near Fort Madison, Iowa. Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 608, 609. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 335-338. McDonald, Alexander. Preparing fine cottons for market. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 769-771. McDonald, Archibald J. [Report on tbe commerce of Georgetown, Prince Edward Island.] For, Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 65. 1895. McDonald, John. [Report on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp.667, 668. McDonnell, H. B. Report on phosphoric acid. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 60-67. 1897. McDowell, Silas. Belt of no frost, or thermal belt. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 146-147. McBlroy, K. P., and "W. D. Bigelow. Report of investigations and analyses of canned vegetables. Cbem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 8, pp. 1022-1167. 1893. MoFadden, H. W. The dry bed of a dead sea. S. Ex. Doc. No. 53, pp. 48-50. 1891. McFarland, Samuel. Sheep husbandry— Wool depots. Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 256-258. The prevailing race of sheep — The condition of this branch of industry — The average weight of fleece of the different races — Cost of keeping sheep through the year — System of selling — Wool depots. McGee, John J. Canadian restrictions on American cattle. 1st Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 455, 456. 1885. McGehee, John M. Review of Special Report No. 12. Spl. Rpt. No. 22, pp. 89-94. 1880. Swine plague in Florida. Spl. Rpt. No. 22, pp. 94-97. 1880. McGowen, Alexander Orr. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Wisconsin.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 328, 329. McGrew, James. Cultivation of the osage orange for liedges. Ag. Rpt. 1854, pp. 418-420. McHannon, Joseph. Management of a cocoonery. Ag. Rpt. 1847, pp. 452-454. McKeown, S. W. A method of determining butter fat in milk or cream by difference. Chem. Bui. No. 43, p. 194. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHOKS. 167 McKinney, H. G. Notes on the experience of other countries in the administration of their water supply. S. Ex. JDou. No. 53, pp. 26i-ii67. 1891. McLain, Nelson "W. Eeport on experiments in apiculture. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 333-343. Eeport on experiments in apiculture. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 583-591. Eeport on experiments in apiculture. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 170-178. Apicultural experiments. Ent. Bui. No. 13, pp. 66-75. 1887. Mcliain, Thomas J. The sisal hemp industry in the Bahamas. Fiber Ept. No. 3, nn 52-55. 1891. ' ^' McLean, L. Outbreak of anthrax in New Mexico. Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 317-319 1881. Nonexistence of foot-and-mouth disease in the West, Spl. Ept. No. 34, pp. 319, 320. 1881. McMahon, B. The American gardener's calendar. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 105-106. McMurtrie, 'William. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 31-33. Mineral fertilizer— The mesquite— Use of sulphurous acid in mani-facture of alcohol — Sulphurous oxide on vegetation — Indigo carmine in sugar manufacture — Liquid glue— Laurus a fehritage— Eucalyptus globulus. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 113-115. Analysis of corn — Heet root — Reduced or reverted phosphates — Preserva- tives — Artificial milk — Ceraline. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 167-171. Proximate analysis — Sugar beets — Lunar light upon vegetation — New col- oring matter — Phizoctone — Lacquer — Freezing of plants. Chemical memoranda. ' Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 240-246. Analysis of wines — Marls — Muck — Fertilizers — Sugar — Agaricus fwtens — Tobacco — Growth of trees — Tanning mixture — Effect of manures upon cin- chonas — Heating of wines — Eucalyptus globulus — A new cement — Sugars of the third crystallization. Chemical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 351-354. Nitrogenous wastes — A new opium — Action of coffee — Cleaning wool — Puri- fication of sugar by osmosis — Cause of intermittent fevers — Coal ashes — Animal farina (new food for beasts) — Alcohol in bread. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 499-503. Greensand marl — Opium from North Carolina — Flesh meal — Disease of beach trees — Atmospheric nitrogen in vegetation. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1873, pp. 170-183. Fertilizers — Analysis of wines — Opium from North Carolina — Soil analyses — Proximate analysis of cereals — Tannic acid, its determination, and the percentage found in some woods of the Southwest. Eeport of the chemist. Ag. Ept. 1874, pp. 147-155. Southern fodder plants. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 46-50. Soil analysis — Exhalation of moisture by plants — Ammonia and nitric acid: their relative value in agriculture. 168 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. McMurtrie, 'WiUiam— Continuetl. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 148-151. Methods of determining tannic acid — Experiments with beets — Extraction of crystallizahle sugar from molasses— Strange growth of potatoes. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 222-226. Analysis of hominy — Passage of matter in plants — Liberation of ozone by plants— Sausages colored with fuchsin — Chemical properties of uredo— Tannic acid as a wood preservative. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 376-379. Castor plant— Artiflvial production of indigo— Use of paris green— Sugar contained in vine leaves — A soluble modification of starch — Production of ozone by oxidation of volatile hydrocarbons. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 431-438. Curious deposit of phosphatic material — Influence of forests upon rainfall- Peterson's method of meadow culture— Quantity of water consumed in growth of wheat. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 507-512. Paris green: Its use in agriculture — Aluminum in plants — Sulphocyanic acid poisonous to plants — What is an ameliorating culture? Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 141-151, illus. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 123-127. Analysis of limestone — Analysis of Gallega officinalis. Sugar corn [analysis]. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 176, 177. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 231-234, illus. Transmission of paris green to the soil — Hastening germination. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 310-313, illus. The influence of illuminating gas upon the aerial portions of plants — Liber- ■ ation of carbonic acid by respiration and perspiration of various animals under different conditions — Chemical relation of the alkalies contained in ashes of plants. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 580-585. Bat excrement — Ditaine (new substitute for quinine) — Digestibility of phos- phoric acid and lime by animals — Manganese in beech leaves^Effeot of street gas upon vegetation — Freezing wines — Nitrification of soils — Res- piration by submerged aquatic vegetation — Eucalyptus globulus. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 39-45. American opium — "Poisoned " soils of Texas — Fixation of atraosxjherio nitro- gen in the soil — Phosphoric acid as an indicator of the fertility of soils — Nitrogen and ammonia in beets — Irrigation. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 192-195. Bat guano — Influence of lime salts in plant growth. Chemical memoranda. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 458, 459, Bat guano — American tanning materials — American wines — Fixation of nitrogen by the influence of atmospheric electricity — New fever cure (Cro- ion adenaster) — Formation of carbohydrates in plants — Alcohol in plants — Germination of seeds in nitrous oxirle — Influence of plant secretions upon putrefaction — Influence of boracio acid and borates upon vegetation. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1876, pp. 46-61. Bat guanos found in caves in the Southern States — American tanning mate- rials — American wines — Mesemiryanthemum crystallinum — Suceda califor- niea — Greensand marl. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1877, pp. 65-89. Investigation to determine the presence or absence of the so-called peptone- forming ferment in roots — American sumac — On the conditions in nature which may influence or tend to the production of mildew and rot. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 169 McMurtrie, 'William— Coutinned. Eeport on the culture of sumac in Sicily and its preparation for market in Europe and the United States. Spl. Ept. No. 26, pp. 32, illas. 1880. Eeport on the culture of the sugar beet and the manufacture of sugar therefrom in France and the United States. Spl. Ept. No. 28, pp. 294, illus. 1880. Eeport upon statistics of grape culture and wine production in the United States for 1880. Spl. Ept. No. 36, pp. 39. 1881. On the mineral nutrition of the vine for the production of wine. Unnum. rpt., pp. 180-187, in " Proceedings." 1882. Eeport on the examination of raw silks. Ent. Bui. No. 3, pp. 56- 72, illus. 1883. Description of the material — Object of the examination — Preparation of the material for examination — Measurements of fineness — Measurements of strength and stretch. Eeport upon an examination of wools and other animal libers, Unnum. rpt., pp. 613, illus. 1886. McNaill, D. "W. Experiments in wheat culture. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 430^32. McNamee, James. [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 76-82. 1893. McNeely, J. F. M. Condition of the live-stock industry of Colorado and Wyoming. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 425-440. 1891. McITeill, Archibald. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 350, 351. McNutt, J. N. Investigation of swine plague. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 173-176. 1879. McFherson, James. Tea cultivation and manipulation. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 436-440, illus. Climate suited to the tea plant — Soils — Propagation by seeds and cutting — Preparation of the soil — Planting — Picking of the crop — Black teas — Green teas — KoUing. McPherson, William, and H. A. Weber. On the determination of cane sugar in the presence of commercial glucose. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 126-135. 1894. McVeau, David. [Eeport On farm crops, etc., in New York. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 468-475. McWhirter, A. J. Agricultural and industrial education. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 105-107. 1885. Maerker, M. The aims and tendencies of the German agricultural experiment stations. E. S. E., vol. 9, pp. 103-113, 207-218. 1897. Maguire, Edward. Forestry of the Western States and Territories. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 615-550. 170 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF A6EICULTURE. Mahoney, John J. Remarks on cotton in Algiers. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 260-262. Mally, C. W., and P. M. "Webster. Insects of the year in Ohio. Ent. Bui. Ko. 9, n. s., pp. 40-45. 1897. Mally, Frederick W. Another strawberry sawfly {Monostegia ignota). I. L., vol. 2, pp. 137-140. 1889. Monostegia ignota. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 9-12. 1890. The boll worm of cotton. A report of progress in a supplementary investigation of this insect. Ent. Bui. Ifo. 24, pp. 50,illus. 1891. Uestructiveness — Food plants other than cotton — Characters and transfor- mation — Number of broods and hibernation — Natural enemies — Insect ravages easily mistaken for those of the bollworm — Eemedies — Meteor- ological considerations — Insect diseases. Eeport of progress in the investigation of the cotton bollworm. Ent. Bui. 1^0. 26, pp. 45-56. 1892. Geographical distribution and destructiveness — Food plants — Characters and transformations — Number of broods and hibernation- -Natural enemies — Insect ravages easily mistaken for those of the bollworm— Eemedies — Plowing — Corn — ( owpeas — Poisoned sweets — Pyrethrum — Lights — Insect diseases. Report on the bollworm of cotton {Seliothis armiger). Ent. Bui. No. 29, pp. 73, illus. 1893. Mallory, C. P. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 266, 267. Manderson, Charles P. [Address before National League for Good Roads.] O. B. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 11-13. 1893. Maring, D. T. An improved sunshine recorder. Mo. W. R., vol. 25, pp. 485-490, illus. 1897. 'Mark, John A. Production of Muscatel raisins in Malaga. Mo. Rpt. 1875, pp. 319-321. Marlatt, C. L. Report of a trip to investigate buifalo gnats. I. L.. vol. 2, pp. 7-11. 1889. A report on the lesser migratory locust. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 66-70. 1889. The Xanthium Trypeta (Trypeta cequatus). I. L.. vol. 3, pp. 312, 313, illus. 1891. Mortality among flies in the District. I. L.. vol. 4, pp. 152, 153. 1891. A new sweet potato sawfly {Schizoeerus privatus), I. L.. vol. 5, pp. 24-27, illus. 1892. The bufi'alo tree hopper ( Ceresa bubalus). I. L., vol. 7, pp. 8-14, illus. 1894. Notes on insecticides. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 115-126. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 171 Marlatt, C. L. — Continued. The pear tree psylla in Maryland. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 175-185. 1894. The psylla in the orchard of Capt. Roht. S. Kuiorv— The psylla in the orchard of C. C. Brown— Future outlook— Life history— Natural enemies— Life his- tory of the lacewing fly— Experiments with remedies— Remedial treatment advised. The hibernation of the chinch bug. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 232-234. 1894. The codling moth double-brooded. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 248-251. 1894. The currant-stem girdler (Phylloecus [Janus] flaviventris). I. L., vol. 6, pp. 296-301, illus. 1894. The Western cricket in Utah in the forties. I. L., vol. 7, p. 275. 1894. Important insecticides: Direction for their preparation and use. F. B. No. 19, pp. 23. 1894. The principal insect enemies of the grape. Y. B. 1895, pp. 385-404, illus. The grapevine Phylloxera — The grapevine fidia — The grape cane-borer — The grapevine flea-l)eetle — The rose-chafer — The grape leaf-folrter — The grape leaf-hopper — The grape-berry moth. Experiments with winter washes against the San Jose scale, sea- son of 1894r-95. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 365-374. 1895. The currant-stem girdlev [Phyllacus flaviventris). I. L., vol. 7, pp. 387-390, illus. 1895. Notes on paris green. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 408-411. 1895. How diptera feed. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 427, 428. 1895. The pear-tree psylla (Psylla pyricola). Ent. Circ. No. 7, 2d s., pp. 8, illus. 1895. The imported elm leaf-beetle (Galerueella luteola). Ent. Circ. No. 8, 2d s., pp. 4, illus. 1895. The Hessian fly {Gecidomyia destructor). Ent. Oirc. No. 12, 2d s., pp. 4. 1895. Insect control in California. T. B. 1896, pp. 217-236, illus. General remarks — Cultural and climatic conditions — System of inspection and quarantining — The worst scale insects of California — The imported parasitic and predaceous enemies of scale insects — Control of insects hy the use of washes and by fumigation — Insecticide machinery — Conclusion. Notes on insecticides. Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 19-26. 1896. The elm leaf-beetle in Washington, District of Columbia. Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 47-60. 1896. Species [insects] injurious to wall paper, books, timbers, etc. Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 70-83, illus. 1896. Ilevision of the Nemattnae of North America, a subfamily of the leaf-feeding Hymenoptera of the family Tenthredinidai. Ent. Bui. No. 3, t. s., pp. 135, illus. 1896. The bedbug and cone nose. Ent. Bui. No. 4, n. s., pp. 32-42, illus. 1896. Cockroaches and house ants. Ent. Bui. No. 4., n. s., pp. 84-99, illus. 1896. 172 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUEE. Marlatt, C. L. — Continued. Comparative tests with new and old arsenicals on foliage and with larvae. Ent. Bui. No. 6, n . s., pp. 30-35. 1896. The peach tree borer {Sannina exitiosa). Ent. Circ. No. 17, 2d s., pp. 4, illus. 1896. Insecticide soaps. Ent. Bui. No. 6, n. s., pp. 38-41. 1896. Notes on insecticides. Ent. Bui. No. 9, n. s., pp. 54-63. 1897. Soaps as insecticides — Eesin washes or compounds — Pure kerosene — Use of kerosene emulsion in California — Lime, salt, and sulphur wash — Hydro- cyanic acid gas— Steam and superheated water — Arsenicals and lime. The clover mite {BryoMa pratensis). Ent. Oirc. No. 19, 2d s., pp. 4, illus. 1897. The woolly aphis of the apple {ScMzoneura lanigera). Ent. Oirc. No. 20, 2d s., pp. 6, illus. 1897. The buffalo tree hopper {Oeresa biihalus). Ent. Oirc. No. 23, 2d s., pp. 4, illus. 1897. The ox warble (Hypoderma lineata). Ent. Oirc. No. 25, 2d s., pp. 10, illus. 1897. The pear slug {Uriocampoides limacina). Ent. Oirc. No. 26, 2d s., pp. 7, illus. 1897. Marlatt, C. L., and L. O. How^ard. The San Jose scale: Its occurrence in the United States, with a full account of its life history and the remedies to be used against it. Ent. Bui. No. 3, n. s., pp. 80, illus. 1896. House flies, centipedes, and other insects that are annoying rather than directly injurious. Ent. Bui. No. 4, n. s., pp. 43-57, illus. 1896. Species [insects] injurious to woolen goods, clothing, carpets, upholstery, etc. Ent. Bui. No. 4, n. s., pp. 58-69, illus. 1896. '■ Marlatt, C. L., and C. V. Riley. The' clover mite {Bryobia pratensis), I. L., vol. 3, pp. 45-52, illus. 1890. Wheat and grass sawflies. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 168-179, illus. 1891. Marr, P. V. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Tennessee.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 355, 356. Marsh, George P. Irrigation: Its evils, the remedies, and the compensations. Ag. Ept. 1874, pp. 362-381. General considerations — Moral and social effects of irrigation — Sanitary effects of irrigation— Duties of government on this subject — Artificial methods of obtaining water — Improving land and raising its surface by flooding. Marshall, A. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.! Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 205-208. Marshall, L. T. Hop culture. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 289-293. The hop duty — New hops — Cultivation, planting, picking, drying, pressing. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 173 Marshall, O. F. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. .406-408. Marston, John M. Culture and preparation of sumach. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 60, 61. Marten, John. Eeport on the Eocky Mountain locust in 1880. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 50-54, appx. vi. 1883. New notes on the life history of the Hessian fly. I. L., vol. 3, pn. 265,266. 1891. ? MP Martin, E. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 502, 503. Martin, George A. The Chicago horse show of 1890. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 349-360. 1891. Martin, Samuel D. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Kentucky.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 358-361. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Kentucky.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 313, 314. Marvin, C. P. Description of instruments [of the Weather Bureau]. Ept. Chief W. B., 1891-92, pp. 19-36, illus. Description of instruments [of the Weather Bureau]. Ept. Chief W. B., 1893, pp. 17-19, illus. Description of instruments [of the Weather Bureau]. Ept. Chief W. B., 1894, pp. 14, 15. Barometers and the measurement of atmospheric pressure, etc., W. B. Circ. F, pp. 74, illus. 1894. The Marvin seismograph. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 250-252, illus. 1895. Eeport upon the earthquake of October 31, 1895. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 374-379, illus. 1895. A Weather Bureau kite. Mo. W, E., vol. 23, pp. 418-420. 1895. Description of instruments [of the Weather Bureau]. Ept. Chief W. B., 1895-96, pp. 8, 9. Cloud observations and improved nephoscope. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 9-13, 157-166, 199-206, 238-255, illus. 1896. Kite experiments at the Weather Bureau. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 113-123, illus. 1896. Eadiation thermometers. W. B. Circ. H, pp. 10. 1894. ( 1) Anemometry. W. B. Circ. D, pp. 40, illus. A circular of general information respecting the theory and operation of typical instruments for indicating, measuring, and antomatioally record- ing wind movement and direction. Marvin, C. F., and M. Whitney. Instructions for the use of maximum and minimum soil thermom- eters. W, B. Circ. G, pp. 8. ( ?) 174 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Marvin, Paul, J. H. KasUe, and J. C. Calvert. On the action of oxalic acid upon phosphates, silicates, and soil. Ghem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 53-58. 1894. Marx, George. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Illustrations. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 435-436. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Illustrations. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 485-487. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Illustrations. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 495, 496. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Illustrations. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 393-394. Mason, Charles. Experiments with seeds. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. v-ix. Eeport of the Commissioner of Patents [agricultural]. Ag. Ept. 1855, pp. i-ix. [Letter transmitting agricultural report for 1856.] Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. iii-xvi. Letter in obedience to the act of August 18, 1856, respecting the purchase of seeds by Department. S. Ex. Doc. Xo. 61, pp. 10. 1856. Mason, Frank H. [Eeport on the commerce of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. ^o. 2, pp. 34-42, maps. 1895. Domestic animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, wines and liquors, seeds, remarks. Practical science in Germany. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 354-356. 1897. Massee, George. Mycological notes. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 184-188, illus. 1889. Mycological notes. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 178-184, illus. 1891. Massenburg, James D. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 379- .r o81. ^ [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 477, 478. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 307, 308. Massey, W. P. Manual labor in agricultural colleges. O. E. S. Bui. No. 7, pp. 106-108. 1892. Massie, Thomas E. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Mexico.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 345-352. ' ' Matas, Rudolph. A man-infesting bot. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 76-80, illus. 1888. "Extracted from a paper 'Report of the case of a patient from whose sub- cutaneous tissue three larvae of a species of Dermatobia were removed; with remarks."'" INDEX TO AUTHORS. 175 Mattes, John, jr. Germany as an importer of American agricultural products. Ept. Stat. 1894, pp. 33-39, Maurice, B. What an agricultural college ought to he. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 108-112. 1885. Max^vell, Walter. On the methods of estimation of the fatty bodies in vegetable organisms. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 94-96. 1890. Notes on the sugar beet culture in France and Germany. Chem. Bui. No. 30, pp. 81-93. 1891. S.ugar beet experiments at Schuyler, Nebraska, iu 1889. Chem. Bui. No. 33, pp. 118-151. 1892, May, D. VT., H. B. Gibson, and S. Calvert. Dietary studies at the University of Missouri in 1895, and data relating to bread and meat consumption in Missouri, O. E. S. Bui. No. 31, pp. 20. 1896. May, William R. Statistics, etc., concerning farm crops in Wisconsin, Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 395-397.' Maynard, S. T. Treatment of mildews upon plants under glass. Jour, Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 16-18. 1890. Maynard, William J. [Keport on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 280, 281. Maynard, William S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc, in Michigan,] Ag, Ept. 1850, pp. 330, 331. Mays, Richard J. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Florida.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 325- 327. Meager, Leonard. " The compleat English gardner." Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 98, 99. Means, Thomas H., and Milton Whitney. An electrical method for determining the soluble salt content of soils, with some results of investigations on the effect of water and soluble salts on the electrical resistance of soils. Soils Bui. No. 8, pp. 30, illus. 1897. Meek, Charles B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 208- 210. Meeker, Claude. [Report on the commerce of Bradford, England.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 49-68. 1895. Live stock — Cereals— Grlucose— Starch— American com, or maize— Dairy products, cheese, etc. — Fresh meats— Hams, bacon, and lard — Canned meats- Raw cotton— Cotton-seed oil and cake— Tobacco— Fresh ftuits— Canned fruits— Wines and liquors — Cider— American -wine — Seeds- Suggestions. 176 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Meeker, N. C. Colonization. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 569-572. Meinert, Fr. Lucilia nobilis parasitic on man. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 36, 37. 1892. Melber, F. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 58-61, illus. 1894, MeU, F. H. Eeport on the climatology of the cotton plant. W. B. Bui. No. 8, pp. 68, illus, 1893. Mercer, A. S. The cattle industry of California. 3d Ept. B, A. I., pp. 239-253, 1887. Destruction of California cattle by various diseases, 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 452, 453. 1889, Merriam, C. Hart. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 227-258. Importance of the subject — The Pennsylv^ania "scalp act" of 1885 — Progress of the work — List of circulars— The English sparrow : inti'oduotion of the English sparrow; rate of increase of the sparrow; method of diffusion of the sparrow; rate of spread of the sparrow, and extent of area occupied at the close of the year 1886; the sparrow an enemy of our native birds; the sparrow an enemy to the gardener and fruit grower; the sparrow an enemy to grape culture; the sparrow an enemy to the grain-grower; effect on architecture and defilement of buildings; failure of the sparrow as an insect destroyer; English sparrows cause an increase in the number of caterpillars; recommendations for legislation; recommendations to the people; the sparrow as an article of food — Ravages of rice birds— The distribution and migration of birds — Effects of mammals upon agricul- ture — Rabbits — The Importation of exotic species should be governed by law. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag, Ept. 1887, pp. 399-456. Statement of work done — Special reports — Food of hawks and owls — Experi- ments in poisoning — Poisons used in experiments — Poisons recommended— General suggestions — Precautions — Synopsis of experiments — Report on some of the results of a trip through parts of Minnesota and Dakota — Blackbirds — Mammals — Description- of localities visited by Vernon Bailey during the summer of 1887 — Blackbirds — Gophers. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 477-536, illus. Scope of the work — Methods of inquiry — Statement of work done in 1888— Cincinnati exposition — The geographical distribution of species — Special reports — Introduced pheasants — Pacific Coast region — The mink {Lutreola vison) — The sparrow hawk (Faleo aparveriua) — The short-eared owl {Asia aceipitrinus) — The food of crows — Distribution of the crow — Injury to Indian corn, wheat, and other cereals — Injury to other cereals than corn — Damage to other crops — Other vegetable food of the crow — The distribu- tion of noxious seeds — The crow as a destroyer of the eggs and young of poultry and wild birds — Destruction of the eggs and young of poultry — Destruction of eggs and young of wild birds — Insect food of the crow — The crow as an enemy to grasshoppers — Do crows eat potato beetles? — The insect food of the crow as revealed by examination of stomachs — The crow as an enemy to field mice and other small quadrupeds — Miscellaneous animal food of the crow — The crow as a scavenger — Food of the fish crow — Summary of evidence from all sources — Results in detail of the exaniina- tionof the stomach of the common crow (Corvus americanus) — Result in detail of the examination of the stomach of the fish crow (Corvus ossi- fragns — The rose-breasted grosbeak {Sabia ludoviciana) — An enemy of the Colorado beetle^ or potato bug. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 177 Merriam, C. Hart— Continued. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mainmalogist. Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 363-376, ill us. Section of geographic distribution— Character and object of the inquiry- Restrictions imposed by Congress— Urgent recommendations — Worli of the year— Bird mi<>'ratiou— Identification of specimens— Section of economic relations — Goplier investigation— The English sparrow bulletin— Hawk and owl bulletin — The crow — The crow blaolibird— Potato-bug birds— Seed collection — Collection of bird stomaclis— Marsh hawk {Circus hudsoniua)— Common screech ow> {Megascops aaio) — Fraramulated screech owl {Mega- scops flammeolus). Revision of tlie North American pocket mice. N. A. Fauna No. 1, pp. 36, illus. 1889. Descriptions of two new species and one new subspecies of grass- hopper mouse, with a diagnosis of the genus Onychoniys, and a synopsis of the species and subspecies. N. A, Fauna No. 2, pp. 1-5. 1889. Description of a new marmot from the Black Hills of Dakota. N. A. Fauna No. 2, pp. 7-9. 1889. Description of a new species of pika ( Lagomys scMstioeps) from the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. N. A. Fauna Bo. 2, pp. 11-13. 1889. Description of a new spermophile from southern California. N. A. Fauna No. 2, pp. 15, 16. 1889. Description of a new spermophile from northwestern Arizona. N. A. Fauna No. 2, p. 17. 1889. Description of a new species of ground squirrel from the arid lands of the Southwest. N. A. Fauna No. 2, pp. 19-21. 1889. Description of a new species of free-tailed bat from the desert region • of southern California. N. A. Fauna No. 2, p. 23, illus. 1889. Description of a new species of free- tailed bat from the Lower Col- orado River in Arizona. N. A. Fauna No. 2, p. 25, illus. 18a9. Description of a new genus (Phenacomys) and four new species of Arvicolinse. N. A. Fauna No. 2, pp. 27-35, illus. 1889. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag. Rpt. 1890, pp. 227-285. Work of the year — Section of geographic distribution — Section of economic relations — Collections of the Division — Identification of specimens — Seed planting by birds — Birds which feed on mulberries. Eesults of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region and desert of the Little Colorado in Arizona. N. A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 1-4, illus. 1890. Part I — General results of biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region in Arizona, with special reference to the distri- bution of species. N. A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 5-34. Part II — Grand Canyon of the Colorado, between the Kaibab and Cocanini plateaus. N. A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 35-41. Part III — Annotated list of mammals of the San Francisco Mountain plateau and desert of the Little Colorado in Arizona, with notes on their vertical distribution, and descriptions of new species. N. A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 43-86, illus. Part IV — Annotated list of birds of the San Francisco Mountain plateau and the desert of the Little Colorado River, Arizona. N. A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 87-101. 21713— No. 4 12 178 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Merriam, C. Hart— Continued. , , , , . „ . ■, , Part V— Annotated list of reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey on the San Francisco Mountain plateau and desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona, with descriptions of new species. N. A. Fauna No, 3, pp. 103-118, 1890. Forest trees of the San Francisco Mountain region, Arizona. K A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 119-123. 1890. Eelatiou of a biological survey to agriculture. N. A. Fauna No. 3, pp. 125, 126. 1890. Contribution toward a revision of the little striped skunks of the genus Spilogale, with descriptions of seven new species. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 1-15, illus. 1890. Descriptions of five new ground squirrels of the genus Tamias. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 17-22. 1890. Description of a new Evotomys from Colorado. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 23, 24, illus. 1890. Descriptions of two new species of Evotomys from the Pacific Coast region of the United States. N. A, Fauna No. 4, pp. 25, 26. 1890. Description of a new marten {Mustela caurina) from the northwest coast region of the United States. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 27-29. 1890. Description of a new species of Molussus from California (Molussus californicus). N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 31, 32. 1890. Description of a new prairie dog from Wyoming. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 33-35. 1890. Descriptions of three new ground squirrels of the SpermopMlus spilosoma group. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 37-39. 1890. Descriptions of three new kangaroo rats, with remarks on the identity of Dipodomys ordii of Woodhouse. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 41-49. 1890. Description of a new pocket gopher of the genus Geomys from western Nebraska. N. A. Fauna No. 4, p. 51. 1890. Description of a new species of Hesperomys from southern Florida. N. A. Fauna No. 4, pp. 53-54. 1890. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 267-271. Work of the year — Section of geographic distribution — Section of economic relations. Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 181-200, illus. Work of the year — Office work — Field work — Exhibit at the World's Colum- bian Exposition — Notes on some of the spermophiles and pocket gophers of the Mississippi Valley — Economic ornithology — Food habits of the cedar bird (_Ampelis cedrorum). Eeport of the Ornithologist and Mammalogist. Ag. Ept. 1803, pp. 227-234, illus. Work of the year— Scope of the work- -Geographic distribution — Method of work — Biological surveys— Field work in 1893 — Economic relations — Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition — Food habits of the king- bird, or bee martin. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 179 Merriam, C. Hart— Continued. Notes on the geographic and vertical distribution of cactuses, yuccas, and agaves in the deserts and desert ranges of southern California, southern Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and south- western Utah. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 345-359. 1893. Notes on the distribution of trees and shrubs in the deserts and desert ranges of southern California, southern Nevada, north western Arizona, and southwestern Utah. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 285-343. 1893. The geographic distribution of animals and plants in North America. Y. B. 1894, pp. 203-214, illus. Importauce of knowledge of the geographic distribution of species — An experimeutaJ biological survey — Provision for a systematic biological sur- vey — The Death Valley Expedition — Correlation of the life zones — Recent field work — The seven life zones of North America — Fundamental princi- ples of animal and plant distribution — Recapitulation. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Ornithology and Mam- malogy. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 167-169. Work on geographic distribution — The study of jack rabbits and pocket gophers — Routine work — Proposed work. Report of the Chief of the Division of Ornithology and Mam- malogy. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 175-178. Work of the year — Geographic distribution — Stomach examinations — Other technical work — Bounties — Cotton States and international expositions — Routine work — Outline of work for 1895-96. Monographic revision of the pocket gophers (family Geomyidse, exclusive of the species thomomys). N. A. Fauna No. 8, pp. 258, illus. 1895. Eeport of tha Chief of the Division of Ornithology and Mammal- ology. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 23-25. Geographic distribution — Cereal investigation —Laboratory work — Identi- fication of specimens — Nashville Exposition — Publications — Bird day in the schools— Routine work — Plans for the ye&r. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Biological Survey. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 15-20. Geographic distribution — Cereal investigation — Laboratory work — Identi- fication of specimens — Nashville Exposition — Publications — Bird day iu the schools — Routine work — Plan for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1898 — Plans for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1899. Merrick, E. C. Climate of the Pacific Coast. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 280-283. Merrill, Henry. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 247, 248. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Hampshire.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 145, 146. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Hampshire, j Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 149, 150. Merry, G. Factory cheese and how it is made. B. A. I. Bui. No. 15, pp. 45-54. 1896. Meyer, Hugo. The development of climatology in the German Empire. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 652-657. 1896. 180 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Michener, B. Agricultural ornithology. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 287-307. Insectivorous birds of Chester County, Pa. — Land birds— Family Vulturidm (the vultures) — Family i'^aicowttJa,' ( the havirks) — Family Strigida {th.a owls) — Family CucuUdm (the cuckoos) — Family Picidw (the woodpeckers) — Family Trochilid It- , Economic history and distribution— Botanical description— Description of wood — Progress of development — Conditions of development— Forest management. The loblolly pine {Pinus tmda). For. Bui. No. 13, pp. 107-124, lUus. 1896. jfi , History and distribution— Products— Botanical description of wood— Prog- ress of development — Reproduction. The spruce pine (Pinus glabra). For. Bui. No. 13, pp. 127-130. 1896. Historical— Distribution — Economic importance— Botanical dpscriptiou— Progress and development— Enemies— Requirements of development. Monrad, John H. The dairy industry in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. B. A. I. Bui. No. 10, pp. 21. 1896. Monthaur, Amaury de. Note on the use of alkaline polysulphides for the mildew. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 67-70. 1886. Moore, Justin S. [Soil, climate, and flora of the region at the mouth of the Colorado Eiver in Lower Califoraia.] S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 379, 380. 1890. ■ List of plants growing on the Colorado basin, February, 1897. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, p. 380. 1890. Moore, Veranus A. Observations on the morphology, biology, and pathogenic proper- ties of twenty-eight streptococci found in the investigation of animal diseases. B.A.I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 9-30. 1 893. A nonmotile pathogenic bacillus closely resembling the bacillus of hog cholera found in the lung and the spleen of a pig. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 31-37. 1893. Pathogenic and toxicogenic bacteria in the upper air passages of domesticated animals. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 38-48. 1893. A nodular tseniasis in fowls. B. A. I. Oirc. No. 3, pp. 4, illus. 1895. A preliminary investigation of diphtheria in fowls. B. A. I. Bui. No. 8, pp. 39-62, illus. 1895. A study of a bacillus obtained from three outbreaks of fowl cholera. B. A. I. Bui. No. 8, pp. 63-70. 1895. On a pathogenic bacillus of the hog cholera group associated with a fatal disease in pigeons. B. A. I. Bui. No. 8, pp. 71-76. 1895. Inefficiency of milk separators in removing bacteria. Y. B. 1895, pp. 431-444, illus. Milk, butter, and cheese as carriers of infectious diseases — Similarity of ani- mal and human diseases— How milk becomes contaminated — Methods of destroying or removing bacteria from milk — Experiments with milk sep- arator — Experiments with the hand centrifugal machine — How to elimi- nate the dangers. The direct transmission of infectious entero-hepatitis in turkeys. B. A. I. Circ. No. 5, pp. 8, illus. 1896. 186 U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. Moore, Veranus A. — Continued. An investigation into the nature, cause, and means of preventing the cornstalk disease [Toxcemia maidis) of cattle. B. A. I. Bui. No. 10, pp. 9-68, illus. 1896. A disease in cattle not distinguishable from rabies. B. A. I. Bui. No. 10, pp. 71-87. 1896. Infectious leuksBmia in fowls : A bacteria disease frequently mis- taken for fowl cholera. 12th and 13th B. A. I. Epts., pp. 185-205, illus. 1897. Outbreak of a nonspecific disease among swine. 12th and 13th B. A. I. Epts., pp. 219-227. 1897. Preliminary investigations concerning the number and nature of bacteria in freshly drawn milk. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 261-266. 1897. Moore, Veranus A., and Charles F. Davrson. Tuberculosis in swine : The nature of the disease, with a report of three cases. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 207-218, illus. 1897. Moore, Veranus A., and Pierre A. Fish. A report of rabies in Washington, District of Columbia. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp". 267-282, illus. 1897. Moore, Veranus A., and Theobald Smith. Experiments on the production of immunity in rabbits and guinea pigs with reference to hog cholera and swine plague bacteria. B. A. I. Bui. No. 6, pp. 41-80. 1894. On the variability of infectious diseases as illustrated by hog chol- era and swine plague. B. A. I. Bui. No. 6, pp, 81-95. 1894. Moore, "Willis L. Eeport of the Chief of the Weather Bureau. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 65-96, map. Eeport of the Chief of the Weather Bureau. Ag. Ept, 1896, pp. 243-266. Eeport of the Chief of the Weather Bureau. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 199-218. Morgan, H. A. A simple device for the preparation of oil emulsions. Ent. Bui. No. 6, n. s., pp, 93, 94, illus, 1896, Morgan, Jesse. [Eeport on farm crops, etc, in Indiana.! Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 293-300, Morrill, Park. Eeduction of barometric pressure to sea level. Mo. W. E,, vol. 23, pp. 492-494, 1895, Floods of the Mississippi Eiver, W. B. Bui. E, pp. 79, illus. and charts. 1897. Morris, Francis. Cavalry horses in America. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 159-175, illus. Pedigree of Slasher — Pedigree of Eclipse. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 187 Morris, Henry C. [Report on the commerce of Ghent, Belgium.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 6, pp. 47-90. 1895. Population and occupations of the people — Soil, climate, and productions — Prices of agricultural products— Numbers and values of farm animals — Trade with the United States — American products— Animals — Cereals — Dairy products — Butter and artificial butter in Belgium — Honey — Fresh and salted meats — Fowls and game — Meats and meat products— Oleomar- garine— Hides and wool — Cotton and other fibers — Sugar — Tobacco — Fruits — Almonds -Canned goods, etc. — Liquors — Seeds and forage — Petroleum — Timber — General state of our trade — How to introduce Ameri- can goods — Americans for agents. Morris, John G. The ailanthus silkworm of China {Bombyx cynthia). Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 374-382. The food of the caterpillar — The eggs, caterpillars, cocoons, and silk of B. o^nthia — The rearing of the ailanthus silkworm — Second rearing — Rearing of B. cynthia in China— First rearing of the ailanthus silkworm on a large scale in France — Results. Additional observation on the ailanthus silkworm of China. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 390-394. Morris, Pasohall. White Chester breed of swine. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 475-476. Model piggery. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 476-478, illus. Morriss, Richard G. fEeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 483- 486. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 139- 142. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 291, 292. Morrow, G. B. Animal husbandry in the central West. Unnum. rpt., pp. 62-65, in " Proceedings." 1882. Breeding and feeding for beef. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 127-132. 1883. Cattle and swine rearing and feeding in the United States. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 405-419. 1889. Station records. O. B. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 102, 103. 1891. [Presidential address before the Association of American Agricul- tural Colleges and Experiment Stations.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 24, pp. 25-33. 1895. Morse, Allen B. Eeport on the commerce of Glasgow, Scotland. For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 106-120. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, liquors, seeds, and fruits. Morse, Eldridge. Tide lands of Washington Territory. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 7, pp. 62-111. 1885. 188 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Morse, P. W. The use of gases against scale insects. Ent. Bui. No. 15, pp. 35-40. 1887. On insoluble phosphoric acid. Ohem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 106, 107. 1891. Morse, George "W. The cotton caterpillar. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 249, 250. Morton, J. Sterling. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 7-50. Organization of the Department — Relation of the Department to the State experiment stations — Functions of foreign agricultural departments — British board of agriculture — Ministry of agriculture in Prussia — French ministry of agriculture— Italian general direction of agriculture — Expend- itures — Change — Permanency — The classified service — Distribution of seed at the public expense — Texas fever regulations — Export cattle inspected — Vessel inspection— Inspection of importanimals — Inspection of American cattle in Great Britain — Contagious pleuropneumonia — Meat inspection — Exports of inspected pork — Additional legislation — Tuber- culosis — Maladiedu co'it — Civil-service examination of inspectors — Reports of the divisions — Agricultural exports — Agricultural imports — The agri- cultural domain. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 5-75. For synopsis see report in Yearbook for 1894. Letter in response to Senate resolution of June 20, 1894, calling for a statement of the visible and invisible supply of wheat likely to be in the United States on July 1, 1894, and other information concerning the crops of 1894. S. Ex. Doc. No. 125, pp. 2. 1894. Letter transmitting, in response to the resolution of the House of Eepresentatives of January 22, 1 894, a list of the special agents of the Department, together with a statement of their work and the salaries received, for the four years and six months ending December 31, 1893. H. Ex. Doc. No. 243, pp. 45. 1894. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Y. B. 1894, pp. 9-66. Foreign markets for American farm products — The farmers' principal beef market — American hog products — Wheat in English markets— Exports of barley — The United States apple trade with England — Exports of horses — Potatoes — The Assistant Secretaryship — Report of the divisions — Promo- tions — Publications — Force at the central office — Forecasts — Value of the warnings— The West Indies cyclone service — Telegraph service — The sterilization of milk — Nutrition— Cost of bread — Farm products and the money they bring. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 5-64. For synopsis see report in Yearbook for 1895. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Y. B. 1895, pp. 9-68. Work of the Bureau of Animal Industry — Foreign markets for American meat products — Cattle and meat trade with Great Britain — American cat- tle in Glasgow — The world's market for American horses — American horses in Glasgow — Inspection of horses for export — Dairy products — Cheese — Butter— Subsidiary farm products — Honey — Report of the Weather Bureau — Report of the Division of Statistics — Report of the OfBce of Experiment Stations — Work of the stations — The nutritive value and economy of foods — Report of the Division of Forestry — Arbor day in Japan — Report of the Division of Chemistry — Preservation of official analy- ses — Report of tbe.Division of Botany — Seed tests — Report of the Division of Agrostology— Experimental grass stations— Special studies— Publica- tions-Hay and fodder plants — Mouey value — Report of the Division of Vegetable Pathology — Report of the Division of Pomology— New varieties of fruit introduced — Experiments in root-grafting apple trees — Exports of apples — California fruits in English markets— Report of the Division of INDEX TO AUTHORS. 1^9 Morton, J. Sterling — Continued. Entomology — The Mexican cotton-boll weevil — The San Jose scale— Ap- pearance of Insect pesta— Report of the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy — Agricultural soils — Advantages of 8iil)Soiling — The studv of local soils — Report of the Office of Irrigation Inquiry — Report of the Office of Road Inquiry — Report of the Office of Fiber Investigations — Report of the Division of Microscopy — Report of the Division of Publi- cations — Report of the Seed Division — Report of the Division of Gardens and Grounds — Report of the Division of Accounts and Disbursements — Buildings for the Department of Agriculture— Extension of the civil service — The future of farms and farming in the United States. [Address before tlie Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 24, pp. 47-50. 1895. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. v-li. For synopsis see report in Yearbook for 1896. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture to the President. Y. B. 1896, pp. 9-54. Appropriations and expenditures — Civil service in the Department — Director of scientific work — Inadequacy of salaries of higher officials — Inspection of animals intended for food — Cattle and meat trade of Great Britain — American horses in England — Economics for tlie farmer — Work of the Weather Bureau — Gratuitous seed distribution by the Government — Exper- iment stations — Acknowledgments and recommendations — The condition of American farmers — Recent annual sales of farm products abroad. [Eemarks before the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.] Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 12, 13. 1896. Statement in regard to award of seed contract. Circ. No. 1, Secre- tary's Office, pp. 8. 1896. Cost of seed distribution [by the Government]. Unnum. rpt., pp. 3. 1897. Morton, "W. S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia. ] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 131-136. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Yirginia. J Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 442-449. Mortson, O. C. Report on the geologic character of certain sections of the State of Montana, showing the possibility of imbibatioii of water which would be available for artesian purposes. S. Ex. Doc. No. 41, pt. 2, pp. 78-83, map. 1892. Mosher, S. Culture of the grape. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 952-954. Moses, Z. Cultivation and use of the teasel. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 117-119. Motley, O. C. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Oregon.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 352, 353. Mueller, Charles. Dutch, or Holstein, cattle. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 175-179. Mullen, S. B. Observations on the bollworm in Mississippi. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 240-243. 1893. Mumma, David, jr. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 253-256. 190 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Munch, Frederick. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Missouri.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 452- 454. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Missouri.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 321, 322. Munson, T. V. Experiments [on grape diseases] at Denison, Texas. Bot. Bui. Fo. 5, pp. 23-28, illus. 1888. Classification and generic synopsis of the wild grapes of Iforth America. Pom. Bui. No. 3, pp. 14. 1890. Miintz, A. Treatment of mildew by sulphate of copper. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 92, 93. 1886. Murphy, Charles J. Eeport on the introduction of maize into Europe. Unnum. rpt., pp. 5-16. 1891. Murphy, George H. [Eeport on the commerce of Luxemburg.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 2, pp. 87-91. 1895. Murray, Charles. [Eeport on the commerce of Campbellton, New Brunswick.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 58, 59. 1895. Murtfeldt, Mary B. Notes from Missouri for the season of 1886 [entomological]. Ent. Bui. No. 13, pp. 59-65. 1887. Entomological notes for the season of 1888. Ag. Ept. 1888, p. 133- 139. Letter of submittal — General observations — Special studies — The grape scale {Aspidiotus uvcp) — The cabbage cnTcn\io {Ceutorhyiichus napi) — A new apple- twig borer (Elaphidion oeeVata) — Notes on remedies. Life history of Graptodera foliacea. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 74-76. 1888. The carnivorous habits of tree crickets. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 130-132. 1889. An interesting tineid, I. L., vol. 2, pp. 303-305, illus. 1890. Entomological notes from Missouri for the season of 1889. Ent. Bui. No. 22, pp. 73-84. 1890. Entomological notes for the season of 1890. Ent. Bui. No. 23, pp. 45-56. 1891. The use of grape bags by a paper-making wasp. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 192,193. 1891. Omnivorous habits of the screw worm in St. Louis. L L., vol. 4, pp. 200, 201. 1891. Entomological notes for the season of 1891. Ent. Bui. No. 26, pp. 36-44. 1892. Entomological notes for the season of 1892. Ent. Bui. No. 30, pp. 49-56. 1893. The osage orange pyralid (Loxostege maclurw). I. L., vol. 5, pp. 155-157, iUus. 1893. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 191 Murtfeldt, Mary E.— Continued. The cheese, or meat, skipper (Piophila casei). I. L., vol. 6, pp. 170- 175. 1893. Notes on the insects of Missouri for 1893. Ent. Bui. No. 32, nn. 37-45. 1894. ' ^^ Entomological memoranda for 1893. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 257-259. 1894. ' ' ^^ Habits of Stribadium spumosum. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 301, 302. 1894. Acorn insects, primary and secondary. I. Ij., vol. 6, pp. 318-324. 1894. ' '^^ Myers, John A. Station organization and methods. O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 1. pp. 99-101. 1889. Myers, M. F. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.! Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 241-243. Myrick, Herbert. Associated dairying in New England. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 375-386, illus. 1889. ITalle, James M. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 352-355. Nash, George V. American ginseng: Its commercial history, protection, and cultiva- tion. Bot. Bui. No. 16, pp. 22, illus. 1895. Neal, James. [Eeport on the commerce of Liverpool, England.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 95-102. 1895. Cattle and sheep, tobacco, fruits, cereals products, and provisions. Neal, J. C. Eeport of experiments upon scale insects aflfecting the orange. Ent. Bui. No. 1, pp. 31-35. 1883. The root-knot disease of the peach, orange, and other plants in Florida due to the work of anguillula. Ent. Bui. No. 20, pp. 31, illus. 1889. Neale, Robert. Transplanting and treatment of grapevines. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 286, 287. Nealley, G. C. Eeport of an investigation of the forage plants of western Texas. Bot. Bui. No. 6, pp. 30-47. 1888. Needham, Daniel. The agricultural exhibition at Hamburg. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 19-30. Neely, Samuel T. Traction tests. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 20, pp. 19, illus. 1896. Nelson, J. D. G. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 421, 422. 192 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Nesbit, D. M. Tide marshes of the United States. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 7, pp. 3-32. 1885. Nesbit, F. C. Letter transmitting, in response to a resolution of the House, a report by the Statistician of the Department respecting the sup- ply and domestic requirements of wheat and corn, and the acre- age of wheat. H. Misc. Doc. No. 103, pp. 11. 1887. ITessler, J. Copper soda and copper gypsum as remedies for grape mildew. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 73, 74. 1890. Nettleton, Edwin S. Field work in connection with artesian wells investigation, S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 31-36, illus. 1890. Artesian and underflow investigation. S. Ex. Doc, pt. 2, pp. 116, map. 1892. Neumann, Joseph. The native wild silkworm of California. H. Ex. Doc. No. 110, pp. 28-30. 1890. Neumann-Spallart, F. X. von. The value of the cereal crops of Austria- Hungary. Spl. Ept. No. 64, pp. 66-68. 1883. Newoombe, F. C. Perennial mycelium of the fungus of blackberry rust. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 106, 107, illus, 1891. Newell, Frederick H. Irrigation on the Great Plains. Y. B. 1896, pp. 167-196, illus. Introduction — Western Kansas — Irrigation essential — Sources of water — Methods of obtaining water — Storing and conducting water — Applying water — Duty of water — Cultivation. Newkirk, B. M. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 537-539, Newlands, Francis G. Lakes Tahoe and Donner for irrigation purposes. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 507-512. 1890. Newsom, Lew^is [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 395-399. Newton, Isaac. Circular from the Commissioner of Agriculture of the United States on the present agricultural, mineral, and manufacturing condi- tion and resources of the United States. Unnum.rpt.,pp.8. 1862. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 4^25. Letter in answer to resolutions of the House of December 3 and 5, 1862, in regard to the expenditure of the agricultural fund. H. Ex. Doc. No. 14. 1862. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 3-17. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 193 NewtoiJ, Isaac — Coutimied. The monthly reports of this J3epartmeiit. Mo. Ept., Dec, 1863, pp. Their purpose and character discussed. Letters transmitting the report of the Flax and Hemp Commission appointed under act of Congress, February 25, 1863. Unnum, rpt., pp. 96, illus. 1863. Eei)ort of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. O — J.O. Agricultural colleges. Mo. Ept., Jan.-Feb., 1864, pp. 3-11. The future of American cotton and wool. Mo. Ept., Jan.-Feb., 1804, pp. 12-17. The coudition of the growth of foreign c otton — Can it retain that place against it in times of peace? — Imports of cotton into Great Britain— The futuro of wool — Extent of remnneratiou — Increase of flax. The proposed tax on leaf tobacco. Mo. Ept., Jan.-Feb., 1864, pp. 17-25. Letter to the Committee on Agriculture upon the subject of taxa- tion of tobacco as recommended by the Commissioner of Internal Eevenue. S. Misc. Doc. No. 13, pp. 6. 1864. Eepor.t of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 1-11. General summary relating to farm stock — Number, average price, and total value in January, 1865 — General summary relating to crops. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1806, pp. 5-16. Dyer's madder. Mo. Ept. 1866, pp. 94-101, Imports — Climate and soil — C^ulture in Zealand — Culture in France— Its cul- ture in this country — Its culture at the i)resent time. Letter communicating, in compliance With a resolution of the Sen- ate of April 13, information in relation to the rinderpest or cattle plague. S. Misc. Doc. No. 98, pp. 21 1866. Eeply to House resolution of January 25, 1866, relative to receipts and disbursements of the Department. H. Ex. Doc. No. 49, pp. 43. 1866. Nichols, George. Phreatic waters in Nye County, Nevada. S. Ex. Doc. No. 53, pp. 209-212. 1891. Nicholson, H. H. Analyses of sugars. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 652, 653. 1892. Analyses of molasses and sirups. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 686, 687. 1892. Analyses of confections. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 721, 722. 1892. Analyses of honeys. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 755, 756. 1892. Nimmo, Joseph W., jr. Progress of irrigation in the Northwest. (Montana, Idaho, east- ern Washington, and Oregon in 1890.) S. Ex. Doc. No. 53, pp. 151-179. 1891. 21713— No. 4 13 194 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Noel, Edmund F. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., in Yirginia.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 275-282. Norgaard, V. A. [Eeport on treatment of lumpy jaw.] 8th and 9tli Epts. B. A. I., pp. 135-176, illus, 1893. History of an outbreak [of anthrax] in IlUnois. 10th and 11th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 40-43. 1896. Dipping cattle for destruction of ticks. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 109-118. 1897. Norris, Calvin. On the potato disease. Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 572, 573. Norris, George Pepper. Grape culture. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 486-495, illus. Orchard houses. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 538-441, illus. Norton, John P. The mtueral-manure theory. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 7-10. Nutting, Rufus. Farmers' clubs. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 236-247, illus. Ockerson, J. A. Flood planes of the Mississippi Eiver. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 81-89, charts. 1894. Oemler, A. Truck farming. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 583-627. Ogden, E. L. (Miss). Leaf structure of Jouvea and of Eragrostis obtusiflora. Agros. Bui. No. 8, pp. 12-23, illus. 1897. O'Leary, T. S. The barometer at sea. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 167-173. 1894. Onderdonk, Gr. Peach culture in the extreme Southwest. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 648- 652. O'Neil, Thomas B. [Eeport on the commerce of Stockholm, Sweden.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 8, pp. 83-86. 1896. Opp, Frederick. [Eeport on the commerce of Breslau, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 2, pp. 52-56. 1895. AnimalB, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Ormerod, Eleanor A. Injury by Xyleborus dispar in England. I. L. , vol. 2, p. 145. 1889. Some notes [entomological] from England. I. L., vol. 2, p. 147. 1889. Notes of the season [entomological]. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 36-39. 1891. O shorn, Herbert. Eeport of experiments [entomological] at Ames, Iowa. Ent. Bui. No. 11, pp. 23-26. 1886. Tests of remedies. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 195 Osborn, Herbert— Continued. Report upon the insects of the season in Iowa. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 154-104. The food habits of the Thripidae. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 137-142. 1888. identity of Schizoneura panicola and 8. corni. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 108, 109. 1889. Keport on the insects of the season in Iowa. Ent. Bui. No. 22, pp. 18-41. 1890. Note on the period of development in Mallophaga. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 115, 116. 1890. On the use of contagious diseases in contending with injurious insects. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 141-145. 1890. The pediculi and mallophaga affecting man and the lower animals. Ent. Bui. No. 7, pp. 56, illus. 1891. The crab louse {Phthirius inguinalis) — Head louse (Pediculua capitis) — Body louse {P. ceslmenti) — Louse of the ape (P. oonsobrinus) — Lice infesting the monkey (i'. sp.) — Sucking-dog louse (Hiematopinns piliferaa) — Louse of tbe camel {H. cameli) — Lice infesting the giraffe, deer, and antelope (-ff. sp.^— Sucking louse of the goat {ff. stenopsis) — Short-nosed ox louse (H. eurystcrnus) — Long-nosed ox louse (S. vituli) — Buffalo louse {H. tuber- culatus) — Hog louse (H. uriua) — Sucking horse louse (M. aaini) — Sucking lice infesting the rodents {H. sp.) — Elephant louse (Hamatomyzus proboa- cideus) — Louse of the field mouse (Hoematopinus aoanthopua) — Louse of the flying squirrel (H. aciuropteri) — Louse of the fox squirrel (H. antennatua) — Louse of the white-footed mouse {H. heaperomydis) — Louse of the ground squirrels and chipmunk {H. auturalis) — Sucking louse of the pocket gopher {Hamatopinoidea) — Louse ot ducks and geese {Docopkorua ivterodes) — Little red swan louse (D. cygni) — Chicken louse (Goniocoiea hologaater) — Chicken louse (G. abdominalia) — Pigeon louse ((?. compar) — Peacock gonioootes (Q. reotangulaiua) — Burnett's gonlocotes (&. bnrnettii) — Goniocotes of the ele- phant ((?. chryaovephalua) — Chicken goniodes {Goniodea diaaimilin) — Louse of the guinea fowl ((?. numidianua) — Pigeon goniodes (G. damicornia) — Little pigeon goniodes (G. minor) — Louse of turkey (G. aty lifer) — Peacock goniodes (tt. /«idco)Kis) —Pheasant goniodes (&. colohicua, G. gigas) — Lipeurus of the chicken and pheasant, etc. {Lipearua keterograplma) — Louse of the guinea fowl (L. nitm,id(e) — Louse of the sheldrake (L. tadornai and L. laoteus) — Pigeon lipeurus (£. baouliia) — Squalid duck louse (L. agwal- idua, L. anaeris) — Lipeurus of the goose (L.jejumis) — Turkey louse (L.poly- trapeziua) — Variable chicken louse (L. variabilis) — White swan louse {OrnWiobiua cygni and O. biicephalua) — Louse of the cat (Trichodectea sub- roatratm) — Biting louse of the dog (T. laUm) — Louse of the bear (T. pinguia) — Louse of the llama (T. brevicepa) — Louse of the goat (T. climax, T. limbatua)—hon%e of the sheep (T. apliwrocephalm)— Biting lice of horses, mules, asses, etc.- ( T. equi, T. piloaus, T. parnmpiloau8)—Bitms Hoe of cattle (T. acalaria) — Louse of the dove {Menopon giganteum) — Common hen louse (M. pallidum, M. biaeriatum, M. atramineum)— Pheasant menopon (M.fidvo- macalatum, M. }»-odttC««m)— Peacock louse {M. ph(Batomum)—Lom6 of the guinea hen (M. nuviidw) — Louse of ducks (Trinoton litridavi)^hoase of the goose and swan (T. eonapurcatum) — Louse of the goose (T. lituratum) — Pigeon louse ( Colpocephalum longicaudum) — Swan louse (Colpooepkalum vunutum)—t,oniie of the guinea pig (Gyropua gracilia, G. ojiaZis)- Louse of the pocket gopher (Trichodectea geomydia). Report on the work [entomological] of the season. Ent. Bui. No. 23, pp. 57-62. 1891. Some notes on Iowa insects. I. L,, vol. 3, p. 479. 1891. Eeport of a trip to Kansas to investigate reported damages from grasshoppers. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 49-56. 1891. An experiment with kerosene emulsion. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 63, 64. 1891. 196 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUKE. Osborn, Herbert — Continued. Origin and development of the parasitic habit in Mallophaga and PedicalidiE. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 187-191. 1891. Notes on grass insects in Washington, District of Columbia. I. L,, vol. 4, pp. 197, 198. 1891. The true bugs, or Heteroptera, of Tennessee. I. L., vol. 4, p. 224. 1891. Insects of the season in Iowa. Ent. Bui. No. 26, pp. 57-62. 1892. Eeport of a trip to Kansas to investigate reported damages from grasshoppers. Ent. Bui. No. 27, pp. 58-64. 1892. Notes on injurious insects of 1892. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 111-114. 1892. Report on insects of the season in Iowa. Ent. Bui. No. 30, pp. 42- 48. 1893. Eeport on a trip to northwest Missouri to investigate grasshopper injuries. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 323-325. 1893. Methods of treating insects affecting grasses and forage plants. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 71-82. 1893. Methods of attacking parasites of domestic animals. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 163-166. 1893. Note on some of the more important insects of the season. I. L., vol. 6, p. 193. 1893. Chinch-bug observations in Iowa in 1894. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 230-232. 1894. Insects of the season in Iowa in 1893. Ent. Bui. No. 32, pp. 46-52. 1894. Entomological work in the experiment stations. O. E. S. Bui. No. 24, pp. 85-88. 1895. Insects affecting domestic animals. An account of the species of importance in North America, with mention of related forms occurring on other animals. Ent. Bui. No. 5, n. s., pp. 302, illus. 1896. Notes on the entomological events of 1896 in Iowa. Ent. Bui. No. 6, u. s., pp. 78-80. 1896. Osborn, Herbert, and H. A. Gossard. The clover-seed caterpillar (Grapholithia inter stinctana). 1. L., vol. 4, pp. 56-58. 1891. Osborn, Herbert, and F. A. Sirrine. Notes on AphididiJB. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 235-237. 1893. Osborn, J. M. A stock-breeding farm in Illinois. Rpt. Stat. 1886, pp. 152, 163. Oury, F. W. [Sites for dams in Arizona.l S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 480-484. 1890, > r , i-i- Owen, D. A. Strange developments of stomata on Garya alba caused by Phyl- loxera. I. L., vol. 4, p. 327. 1892. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 197 Owen, Richard, An industrial college. A communication on the general plan of the college building, with the necessary aids to instruction in each department of education. Spl. uunum. rpt., pp, 24^40. 1864. Oxnard, Henry T. On the prospects of the sugar-beet industry in the United States. Ghem. Bui. No. 33, pp. 152, 153. 1892. Packard, A. S. The Hessian fly: Its ravages, habits, and the means of preserving its increase. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 198-248, map. 1883. Introduction — Losses occasioned by the Hessian fly — Description of the Hessian tly — Habits of the Hessian fly — Effects of the worm, or larva, on the wheat — Influence of the weather and favorable and unfavorable sea- sons — Parasites of the Hessian fly — Remedies, preventive and general, special remedies — Periodicity in tlie abundance and scarcity of the Hes- sian fly — Its distribution In North America — Summary of the habits of and remedies against the Hessian fly — List of works and articles relating to the Hessian fly. Description of the larvae of injurious forest insects. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 251-262, illus. 1883. Flat-headed apple borer {Chrysoiotliria femorata), flat-headed spruce borer (Melanojihilaf), flat-headed peach and cherry borer (Dtcerca dlvaricata), longicorn larva under bark of hemlock, saperda on the willow, lesser pine borer (^seniMm ma;s(«m), oak borer {ElapMdionparallelum), common oak clytus {Xylotrechus oolonus), ribbed rhaglum {Ehaglum Kmeaimm), lesser pronius {Orthosama hrunneum) , unknown longicorn borer from an oak log, unknown longicorn larva in the sycamore. The embryological development of the locust. 3d Rpt. Ent. Com., pp. 263-279, illus. 1883. First report on the causes of destruction of evergreen forests in northern New England and New York. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 138- 146. The development of the bark-boring beetles Hylurgopa and Xyle- borus. 3d Rpt. Ent. Com., pp. 280-282. 1883. The number of segments in the head of winged insects. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 282-245, illus. 1883. The systematic position of the Orthoptera in relation to other orders of insects. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 286-345, illus. 1883. Notes on forest tree insects. Ent. Bui. No. 3, pp. 24-30. 1883. Insects affecting the cedar or arborvitoe — Insects affecting the fir, spruce, and hemlock— Insects affecting the plue— Insects affecting the oak — Fur- ther facts regarding the extent of the ravages of the spruce bud worm in Maine — Further data regarding the hackmatack, or larch, worm. Second report on the causes of the destruction of evergreen and other forest trees in northern New England and New York. Ag, Ept. 1884, pp. 374^83. Third report on the causes of the destruction of the evergreen and other forest trees in northern New England. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 319-333, illus. Fourth report on insects injurious to forest and shade trees. Ent. Bnl. No. 13, pp. 20-32, illus. 1887. The spruce and hackmatack worms in 1886— Spruce cone worm (Pinipestis renioulella), Green-striped phycid worm {Meroptera prarella), alder flea beetle (Baltica aim), alder leaf-roller (Geleckia oronella), pink-striped 198 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Packard, A. S.— Continued. willow Rpanworm {Deilinid variolaria), herald (Scoliopieryx lihairix), brown Cryptolechia (Cryptoleehia quercicella), beech span worm (Hyperetis mi/s- saria), cleft-headed spanworm {Amphydasis eognataria), Ichthyura strigosa, live oak Theoisi {Theclafavonius), live oak leaf-roller ( TorfHx quercifoliand). Life history of Galothysanis amaturaria, a geometrid moth. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 382-384, illus. 1892. Occurrence of Bucculatrix canadensisella on birches in Rhode Island. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 14-16, illus. 1892. Occurrence of the hen flea (Sarcopsylla gallinacea) in Florida. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 23, 24, illus. 1894. Report on insects injurious to forest trees. Ent. Bui. No. 32, pp. 53-56. 1894. Page, John R. The improvement of wornout lands. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 2, pp. 207-221. 1883. Page, J. "W. Scuppernoug wine. Mo. Rpt. 1868, pp. 362, 363. Pague, B. S. Weather types of the north Pacific slope. Mo. W. R., vol. 23, pp. 417, 418." 1895. Long-range seasonal predictions for Oregon. Mo. W. R., vol. 24, p, 368. 1896. Painter, William. Proper time for felling timber. Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 367, 368. Painter, Minshall, and Joseph Ed'wards. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 436-454. Palmer, Ed'ward. Food products of the North American Indians. Ag. Rpt. 1870, pp. 404-428, illus. Roots and tubers — Dried fruits and nuts — Berries — Fleshy fruits — Seeds — Miscellaneous — Cultivated fruits — Auimal food with vegetable substances. Palmer, M. H. [Report on farm crops, etc.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 366,367. Palmer, T. S. List of localities visited by the Death Valley Expedition. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 361-384. 1893. The jack rabbits of the United States. O. and M. Bui. No. 8, pp. 84, illus. 1896. Bird day in the schools. Biol. Surv. Circ. No. 17, pp. 4, 1896. Extermination of noxious animals by bounties. Y. B. 1896, pp. 55-68. The demand for bounty — History of bounty legislation — Expense of the bonuty system — Objections to the bounty system — What have bounties accomplished? — Substitutes for bounties — Summary. Pammel, L. H. New fungous diseases of Iowa. Jour. Mycol.,vol. 7, pp. 95-103. 1892. The crossing of cucurbits. O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 94-97. 1893. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 199 Pammel, L. H.— Continued. Notes on the grasses and forage plants of Iowa, Nebraska, and Colorado. Agros. Bui. No. 9, pp. 47, illus. 1897. Paparelli, L. Agricultural education in Italy. B. S. E., vol. 4, pp. 326-333. 1892. Institutions for agricultural investigation in Italv. E. S E vol 4, pp. 233-241. 1892. j «. j-v., vui. Parker, Isaac. ^^f«7^*oo° ^*™ ''^P^' ®^*-' "^ ^®^ ^^^^-^ ^g- ^Vt. 1851, pp. Parker, Joseph. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 146, Parker, S. J. Culture of grapes in graperies. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 402-416, illus. Experiments on grape cuttings received from the Patent Office. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 476-478. Improvement of native grapes by seedlings and hybridization. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 122-141, illus. New varieties of grapes. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 194-199. Parmelee, J. H. Mode of raising mustard. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 397-399. Parry, C. C. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1869, pp. 91-96. General character of the ooUection— Additions during the year— The col- lections of Dr. Edward Palmer— Explorations of the Botanist— Benefits to be derived from a national herbarinm— Acknowledgments. Botanical explorations in east Tennessee. Mo. Ept. 1870, pp. 221- 223. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 108-113. Sketch of the royal gardens at Kew. The North American desert flora between 32° and 42°, north lati- tude. Mo. Ept. 1871, pp. 23-25. Perry, William. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New Jersey.! Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 200-205. Parsons, Charles Lathrop. Eeport on methods for the determination of nitrogen. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 31-40. 1893. Parsons, E. M. Comparisons of methods for the standardization of acid and alka- line solutions. Chem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 80-85. 1892. Parsons, George H. The climate of Colorado and its effect on trees. For. Bui. No. 2, pp. 221-235. 1889. Parsons, S. G. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Texas.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 215-218. 200 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE Partello, D. J. [Report on the commerce of Soimeberg, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui. 1^0. 2, pp. 84-86. 1895. Defects in American products — Conclusions. Patrick, Gr. E. A standard milk test. O. B. S. Misc. Bui. ISTo. 3, pp. 123-125. 1891. Composite milk samples in the laboratory. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 26-28. 1891. A new distilling flask for use in the Kjeldahl process. Ohem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 142, 143. 1891. Partridge, Edward A. A method of filling a barometer. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 413, 414, illus. 1896. Patterson, P. W. Live stock interests of Maryland. 3d Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 254-270. 1887. Live stock interests of Maryland. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp, 466-470. 1889. Patterson, George C. Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maryland. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 107, 108. Adaptation of the mountain regions of the South to sheep hus- bandry. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 53-56. Patterson, H. J. What is the live weight of an animal? O. E. S. Bui. No. 16, pp. 150-156. 1893. Eeport on the investigation of methods for the analysis of cattle foods. Chem.Bul.No. 43, pp. 157-162. 1894. Eeport on the investigation of methods for analyzing cattle foods. Ohem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 24-29. 1896. Patton, 'William Hampton. Notes upon Ephestia interpunctella. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 158, 159. 1890. Paulsen, Adam. The climate of Denmark. W. B. Bal. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 640-647, charts. 1896. Payne, Albert S. Investigations of swine plague, Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 165-172. 1897. Payne, George F. Eeport on potash. Ohem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 58-65. 1892. Peabody, Charles A. The strawberry and its culture. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 314-319. Peabody, Selim H. What work is legitimate to the institutions founded on tlie Con- gressional grant of 1862! TJnnum. rpt., pp. 42-47, in " Proceed- ings." 1882. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 201 Peacocke, James S. Method of cultivation and cure of Cuba tobacco. As. Ept. 1847, pp. 428, 429. Translation from the original Spanish work of Julian Silveyra, Havana, Peale, Rubens. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] As. Rpt. 1850, pp. 41 9, 420. Pearne, Thomas H. Foot-and-mouth disease. Mo. Rpt. 1873, p. 450. Pearson, Alexander 'W, Remarks on grape rot and grape mildew. Bot. Bui. Ko. 2, pp. 54- (53. 1886. Experiments [on grape diseases] at Vineland, New Jersey. Bot. Bui. No. 5, pp. 17-22. 1888. [Report of experiments on diseases of the grapevine at Vineland, New Jersey.] Bot. Bui. No. 10, pp. 13-19. 1889. Treatment of fungous diseases. Bot. Bui. No. 11, pp. 41-49, illus. 1890. Black rot. mildew, anthraonose, apple-leaf rust, pear-leaf blight, quince dis- eases, melon l)light, tomato blight, potato blight, stvawberry-leaf blight. Pearson, R. A. Care of dairy utensils. T. B. 1896, pp. 431-444. Cleanliness underlies all successful work in dairying — Selection of dairy utensils — Cleaning — Sterilization — Buildings. Dairy schools. B. A. I. Bui. No. 17, pp. 38, illus. 1896. Facts about milk. F. B. No. 42, pp. 29, illus. 1896. Care of milk on the farm. F. B. No. 63, pp. 40, illus. 1897. Pech, P. Botanical history of sorghum. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 299-307, illus. Classification and description of the Indian sugar cane and its varieties^ Natural classification and description of the varieties of sorghum. Peck, J. B. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1890, pp. 425- 434. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division, Ag. Rpt. 1891, pp. 451- 462. Report of the Chief of the Seed Division. Ag. Rpt. 1892, pp. 471- 494, Feden, James A. [Remarks on cotton in Buenos Ayres.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 270-275. Peflfer, Horticulture, in Wisconsin. Unnum. rpt., 174-177, in "Proceed- ings." 1882. Pierce, G-eorge. [Report on farm crops, etc.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 365, 366. Pendleton, Mark P. [Report on the commerce of Pictou, Quebec] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4. pp. 50, 51. 1895. 202 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. Pendergast, W. W. [Address on good roads.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 2, pp. 7, 8. 1894. Fergaude, Theodor. The cottou or melon plant louse [Aphis gossypii). I. L., vol. 7, pp. 309-315. 1895. Observations on certain Thripidss. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 390-395. 1895. The plum plant louse (Myzus mahaleb). Bnt. Bui. No. 7, n. s., pp. 52-59. 1897. Perkins, George A. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 53- 57. 1894. State highways in Massachusetts. Y. B. 1894, pp. 505-512. First efforts for improved roads — Some provisions of the road law — The appor- tionment of roads — Miscellaneous provisions of the law — methods of road construction — Property rights, etc. Perkins, G. H. Notes on Lachnosterna. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 389-392. 1892. Perkins, O. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 556, 557. Perrey, M. A. On the destruction of the mildew by sulphate of copper. Bot. Bui. No. 2, pp. 89-91. 1886. Perry, Edward W. Live stock and meat traffic of Chicago. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 245- 269. 1885. Cattle trade and dairy interests of Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. 2d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 335-417. 1886. The cattle trade and allied industries of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Tennessee. 3d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 125-176. 1887. Number and value of pure-bred cattle in the United States. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 339-358. 1889, Peter, A. M. Eeport on soil and ash. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 28-52. 1894. A note on the direct determination of potash in the soil solution. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 65, 66. 1894. Peter, A- M., and Arthur Goss. Eeport on soils and ash. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 30-45. 1896. Peter, A. M., M. A. Scovell, and H. E. Curtis. On some sources of error in the determination of potash fertilizers. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 42-45. 1897. Petermann, A. Agricultural experiment stations in Belgium. E, S. E., vol. 5, pp. 550-558. 1894. Peters, Edward T. Cooperative credit associations in certain European countries and their relation to agricultural interests. Stat. Misc. Ept. No. 3, pp. 117. 1892. Eecent features of our foreign trade. Stat. Misc. Ept. No. 8, pp. 24. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 203 Peters, Francis. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 334, ooo, Peters, T. C. Sheep, wool, and wool depots. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 251-255. What are the prevailing races?— The condition of this hranch of industry— Tlie numher of sheep, and the amonut of wool clipped this year— Average weight of fleece of dififereut races— Cost of keeping sheep throngh the year— Wliat are yonr markets?— The system of selling— Are wool depots advantageous to wool growers ami raaimfacturers?- The ohject— Method of doing business— The advantages— The number killed by dogs. Green corn for fodder. Ag. Ept. 1855, p. 168. Peters, Theodore C. Eeport of an agricultural survey of tlie South. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 192-203. Petit, David. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in H"ew Jersey.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 174,175. i ^ f ,±-1' Phelps, C. S. Irrigation in Connecticut. O. E. S., Bui. No. 36, pp. 9-26, illus. 1897. Need of irrigation in Connecticnt — Methods of irrigation in use in Connecti- cut — History of irrigation in Connecticut — Irrigation plants in use in Connecticut — Suggestions regarding irrigation. Phillips, James P. The Southern cattle " distemper." Spl. Ept. No. 22, p. 142. 1880. Philips, M. W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 505-510. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 149-152. [Eemarks on the cultivation of cotton.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 313- 316. • [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 261-264. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 335-339. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Mississippi.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 55-69. Phillips, W. F. R. Meteorology and public health. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, p. 171. 1895. Atmospheric temperatures during the month of July. Mo. W. E., vol. 23, pp. 253-255. 1895. Sunstroke weather of August, 1896. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 409- 413. 1896. Sunstroke in California and Arizona. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 454-456. 1896. Clothing and temperature. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 200, 201. 1897. 204 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF A6RICULTUEE. Phinney, S. B. Cranberry culture. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 131-139, illus. ExperimentB and failures — Soil — Drainage and water — Preparation of soil — Time and manner of setting — Insects — Picking and packing — Profits — Statistics of the cranberry crop. Phipps, R. W. The forests and their management in other countries. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 1, pp. 19-41. 1883. [Position of Ontario with respect to forestry.] Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 5, pp. 43-47. 1884. Pierce, Newton B. Tuberculosis of the olive. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 148-153, illus. 1891. The California vine disease. A preliminary report of investiga- tions. Veg. Path. Bui. No. 2, pp. 222, illus. 1892. A disease of almond trees. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 66-77, illus. 1892. Remedies of the almond disease caused by Gercospora circumcissa. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 232-239, illus. 1893. Prune rust. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 352-363, illus. 1894. Grape diseases on the Pacific Coast. P. B. No. 30, pp. 15, illus. 1895. Olive culture in the United States. Y. B. 1896, pp. 371-390, illus. The olive region of the United States — Thrift and longevity of the olive in California — Present acreage — The outlook — Needs of onr olive industry — Methods of propagating the olive — Grafting the olive — Best location for the orchard — Culture of the olive on dry hillsides — Distance at which trees should he planted — Planting — Pruning — Pollination — Character of the fruit — Selection of varieties for planting — Extraction of the oil — Olive pickles — Diseases of the olive. Pierson, William M. Grape culture and wine making in El Paso del Norte. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 24, 25, illus. Pieters, A. J. • Testing seeds at home. T. B. 1895, pp. 175-184, illus. The importance of having good seeds — Methods of testing seeds — Proper conditions for testing seeds— Selecting samples —Keeping a record — Length of time required — Apparatus. Seed production and seed saving. Y. B. 1896, pp. 207-216, illus. General remarks — How plants produce seed — Cross and self fertilization — Home growing of seed — How successfully conducted — Harvesting and storing. Pike, Nicholas. The grape disease in Europe. Ag. Rpt. 1853, pp. 311, 312, illus. Decrease of the wine culture in Portugal. Ag. Rpt. 1855, pp. 302- 304. The ravages of the leopard moth in Brooklyn. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 317-319, illus. 1892. Pillow, Gr. J. Water-rotting hemp. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 704-706. INDEX TO AUTHOKS. 205 Pillsbury, J. E. Tea culture in Japan. Mo. Rpt. 1872, pp. 286-288. Fiuheiro, A. P. Storms in the south. Atlantic. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 204- 206. 1894. Piper, Horace. Hybridizing, cross-breeding, and degeneration of plants. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 296-317. Pitts, Y. R. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Kentucky.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 278—281. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Kentucky.! Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 356,357. Plauchou, M. Report on the Phylloxera of Europe and America. Mo. Rpt. 1874, pp. 55-57. Piatt, -w. E. Report of Apache County, Arizona : Its irrigation canals, reservoir sites, arid lands, etc. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 443-445. 1890. Pleasants, Thomas S. Diversity in agricultural productions. Ag. Rpt. 1867, pp. 247-253, illus. The marl region of Virginia. Ag. Rpt. 1868, pp. 389-395. Status of Virginia agriculture in 1870. Ag. Rpt. 1870, pp. 267-291. Plumb, Charles S. Silos and silage. F. B. No. 32, pp. 31, illus. 1895. Plummer, Joseph P. Wheat vs. cheat. Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 455, 456. [Report on farm crops, etc., iu Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 431-433. Poey, Andr6. Report on agricultural meteorology. Ag. Rpt. 1869, pp. 97-157. Fundamental bases — The correl%tiou and conservation of forces applied to the vitality of seeds and growth of plants — Influence of the solar system upon vegetable life— Action of gravity upon vegetables — Action of atmos- pheric pressure upon vegetables — How to calculate the temperature favor- able or unfavorable to vegetables — Internal heat of vegetables — Action of solar radiation upon vegetables — Action of nocturnal cooling and diurnal heating of cultivated soils — The nocturnal increase of temperature, with height in the inferior strata of the atmosphere and its action upon vegeta- bles — Action of dew upon vegetables — Action of mists upon vegetables — Action of light (solar rays) on the germination and growth of plants— On the action of light in the production of chlorophyl and amidon — Internal electricity of vegetables — Action of electricity on the germination and growth of plants. Agricultural meteorology. Ag. Rpt. 1870, pp. 113-149. Necessity for agricultural reform and mode of procedure — Action of frost upon plants — Diiferent methods for protecting plants from frost — Influ- ence of the color of walls upon espaliers— Physical properties of different arable soils. Ponce, D. On the manufacture of champagne wines. Ag. Rpt. 1855, pp. 304, 305. 206 U. S. DEPAKTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Fond, Charles H. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., iu Connecticut.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 179-185. Pool, J. Forage plants of Arizona and New Mexico. Bot. Bui. No. 6, pp. 48-50. 1888. Poore, Ben: Pdrley. History of the agriculture of the United States. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 498-527, illus. Agriculture of the Indians — Spanish colonial agriculture — The Puritan English colonists — The cavalier English colonists — The French colouists — The revolutionary period — Agricultural societies — Establishment of agri- cultural fairs — Tlie society for promoting public economy — The Arlington sheep shearing — The Columbia Agricultural Society — Cultivation of the vine and the olive — Agricultural progress — Operations of the Patent Office— The United States Agricultural Society — Agricultural periodical literature — American Pomologioal Society — Agricultural colleges — The Department of Agriculture. Pope, John, and Samuel Bond. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Arkansas.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 171-174. Popenoe, E. A. Notes on the recent outbreak of Dissosteira longipennis. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 41. 1891. Post, J. ■w. Maintenance — expenses of track on wooden and metal ties. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 25-33, illus. 1889, Poston, Charles D. Irrigation. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 193-200. Texas — Utah— California — Mexico and South America — England — Irrigation from cities — Spain — Italy — Egypt — India — China — Japan^Irrigation sedi- ment—Insurance of irrigation — Irrigation laws — Transportation by canal — Capital for irrigating canals — China. Potter, C. E. Couch, or phin, grass. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 187, 188. Potter, Isaac B. [ Address on road improvement.] ' Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 50-63. 1894. Powell, N. B. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. ooo—ooOt [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. Powers, W. A,, and Gr. C. Hopkins. On the determination of the acidity of milk and cream. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 125-129. 1896. Pratt, Zaddock. The dairy farming region of Greene and Orange counties, New York, with some account of the farm of the writer. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 411-427, illus. The making of good butter — Feeding the cows— Milking the cows — Carry- ing in the milk— Setting the milk — Time to skim the cream — Tempera- ture — Churning — The butter — Packing the butter — Marketing — Other farming matters. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 207 Pratt, Zaddock— Continued. Dairy farming, witli some account of the farm of the writer. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 456, 457, illus. Pratt, Mrs. L. E,, and "W. B. Ewer. Fourth annual report of the Ladies' Silk Culture Society of Cali- fornia. H. Ex. Doc. No. 110, pp. 17-27. 1890. Fifth annual report of the Ladies' Silk Culture Society of Cali- fornia. H. Ex. Doc. No. 203, pp. 10-16. 1891. Presoott, Philander. Farming among the Sioux Indians. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 451-455. [Eeport on farm crops, etc.. in Minnesota.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 465-468. Extract from the meteorological register at Fort Snelllng, Minnesota Territory. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 604-606. Prevost, Ii. Silk culture in California. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 285, 286. Price, M. M. The vine disease in France (PMlloxera vastatrix). Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 172-174. Prince, William R. The strawberry (Fragaria) : Its species, native localities, and their normal sexual character. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 189-206. The North American species of the strawberry and their most estimable varieties — European seedling varieties of theFragaria grandiflora, or pine strawberry of South America — Fragaria chilensis, or Chili strawberry — The species and hybrids — European indigenous species of the strawberry and their varieties, the hautbois family — The European wood varieties — Alpine monthly, or quatre siasons — Green alpine or pineapple strawberry. Pritchard, J. The degeneration of the sugar cane. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 423, 424. Pritchard, Julius S. [Eemarks on woolgrowing and sheep feeding.] Ag. Ept. 1850, p. 325. Proctor, Prank VT. Horizontal atmospheric rolls. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, pp. 367, 368. 1896. Wind nomenclature. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 54, 55. 1897. Pullen, Isaac. The peach: Its propagation, cultivation, varieties, etc. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 391-194, illus. Propagation — Planting, cultivation, pruning, etc. — Varieties — List of varie- ties for general cultivation, given in their order of ripening. Radford, Bennett. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 200-202. Ralli, John. [Eemarks on cotton in Portugal.] Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 291, 292. Rand, Edward Sprague, jr. Eecent rural publications. Ag. Ept. 1873, pp. 311-320. 208 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Rand, William S. Experiments in liquid manuring. Ag. Ept., 1867, pp. 184-186. Randall, Henry S. Sheep husbandry and woolgrowing in the United States. Ag. iipt. 1850, pp. 129-144. Amount of wool required by our population — Increase of population and proapectiye demand — Facilities for production — Competition of different countries in the wool zone — Profits of sheep husbandry in the United States — Breed of sheep ad ipted to woolgrowing. Sheep. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 229-247, illus. Selection, treatment, and diseases of sheep in the United States — Selecting sheep for a farm — Soils aud climate — The mutton breeds — The Leicesters — The Cotswolds — The new Oxfordshires — the Southilowus — The Htimpahire downs — The Shropshire downs, or shropshires — The Oxfordshire downs — Merino sheep — The improved lufantados — The improved Paulars — The Sax- ons — The French Merinos — Silesians — Spring management of sheep — Turn iug out to grass — Tagging — Burs — Lambing — Management of uew-born lambs — Chilled lambs — Constipation, diarrhcEa, etc. — Cutting teeth — Swelled neck — Rheumatism — Treatment of ewes after bimbing — Garget — Disowning lambs, etc. — Docking and castration — Summer management — Time and mode of washing — Cutting hoofs — Shearing — Doing up wool — Storing wool — Registration — Storms after shearing — Ticks — Attention to horns, etc. — Maggots — Salt — Water and shade— Fall management — Wean- ing and fall-feeding lambs— Fall-feeding breeding ewes— Coupling, etc. — Dividing flocks for winter — Winter management — Winter shelter— Con- fining sheep to yards — Water and salt — Amount of food consumed and value of different kinds — Regularity in feeding — Diseases of sheep — Sore face and lips — Ophthalmia — Grub in the head — Locked jaw — Rabies — Obstructions of the gullet — Hoove--Poisons — Diarrhiua — Dysentery — Colic or stretches — Catarrh — Abortion — Parturient fever — The scab, etc. — Small- pox — Hoof-rot — Mode of administering medicines to sheep. Randolph, Fred J., and Fred L. Francis. Thomas Jefferson as meteorologist. Mo. W. R., vol. 23, pp. 456- 458, illus. 1895. Rane, F. W. Some undefined duties and methods of station horticulturists. O. E. S. Bui. JSTo. 30, pp. 76-78. 1896. Ransom, L. A. Bermuda grass for hay. Stat. Ept. No. 61, pp. 27-31. 1883. iftapley, E. E. The soils and productions of soutiiwestern Louisiana, including the parishes of St. Landry, Lafayette, Vermilion, St. Martin, Iberia, and St. Mary. Unnum. rpt., pp. 40. 1884. Rathvoi), S. S. Entomology and its relations to the vegetable productions of the soil, with reference to both destructive and beneficial insects. Ag. Ept., 1861, pp. 585-620, illns. Carabidas — Carnivorous or predaceous insects — Lamellicornia — Curculiou- ida; — Serrioornia — Longicornia, or capricoru beetles — Prionidm, or priou- iana — Cerambj'cidif , or cerambycans. Entomology and its relations to the vegetable productions of the soil with reference to both the destructive and beneficial insects. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 372-390, illus. Insects injurious to the grape. Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 452-456. Ravenel, H. W. Eeport on the weather at Charleston, South Carolina. Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 498, 499. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 209 Ravenel, H. W.— Continued. Fungi in Texas [in its relation to cattle diseases!. Dig. Cattle, pp. 169-173. 1869, Report on the fungi of Texas [in its relation to cattle diseases]. Dis. Cattle, pp. 172-174. 1871. Raynolds, Madison. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 256-258. Raymond, William S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 109- 411. Read, M. C. The preservation of forests on the headjraters of streams. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 5, pp. 22-38. 1884. Reardon, John G. [Cultivation of Florida tobacco.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 456-461. Reasoner, P. W. Tropical and semitropical fruits in Florida and the Gulf States. Pom. Bui. No. 1, pp. 7-110, illus. 1888. Records, J. H. Abortion in mares and fatality among foals. 8th and 9th Epts; B. A. I., pp. 375, 376. 1893. Redden, Laura C. Culture of the orange and citron. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 147-154. Reed, Rowland T. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 424, 425. Reeve, James K. Report on truck farming. Ag. Rpt. 1888, pp. 663-683. Truck farming — Its application to the work of the general farmer — The po- tato — The sweet potato — The cabbage — Beans — Tobacco — Market garden- ing — Raising plants for market — Marketing — Fertilizing. Reid, George. Report of the Superintendent of the Experimental Farm. Ag. Rpt. 1865, pp. 25-32. Wheat — Spring wljeats — Rye — Oats — Barley — Rice — Sorghum — Peas — Beans — Pole beans — Grasses and clovers— Cabbages — Savoys — Lettuce — Onions — Tomatoes — Potatoes— Melons. Reid, James D. Pleuro-pneumonia in Great Britain, Scotland, and Ireland. 6th and 7th Rpts. B. A. L, pp. 401-404, map. 1891. Reid, John C. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 194- 198. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 415- 421. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Missouri.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 316- 318. Reid, W. Report of the American Pomological Society for New Jersey. Ag, Ept. 1856, pp. 340-351. 21713— No. 4 14 210 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Reque, Lars S. [Eeport on the commerce of Eotterdam.] For. Bui. No. 5, pp. 58- 76, 1895. Horses — Sheep— Mules — Cereals — Maize — Barley — Oats— Flour — Rye flour— Oat and corn meal^Glucose — Starch — Dairy products — Meats — ^Canned meats — Hams, bacon, lard — Oleomarftarine — Raw cotton — Cotton consump- tion — Cotton-seed oil and cotton-seed meal — Tobacco — Fresh frnit — Dried fruit— Canned fruits — Liquors— Flaxseed-Clover and other grass seeds. Reynolds, Edw^in. Experiments with the potato bug. Mo. Ept. 1868, p. 361. Reynolds, John. Early agricultural history of Illinois. Ag. Rpt. 1857, pp. 130-133. Reynolds, Joseph, and Simon Brown. Manures and their application. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 368-395. Composition of manures — The sources of manure — Preparation of manure — Liquid manures — Special manures — Guano- Composition of guano — How and when to apply guano — Bones and superphosphates of lime — Saltpeter poudrettes — The application of manures, Reynolds, 'Williain A. [Eeport on the commerce of Frelighsburg, Quebec] For, Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 48, 49. 1895. Rhawn, William H. [Address on road improvement.] Boad Inq. Bui. No, 10, p, 39. 1894. Rice, Austin. Corn culture in Massachusetts. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 236-239. Rice, Mrs, M. E. Notes on Entilia sinuata. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 243-245, illus. 1893. Ricbards, C. Russ. The manual training and the apprentice system, O, E. S. Bui, No, 20, pp. 73-81. 1894. Richards, Edgar. Principles and methods of soil analysis. Ghem. Bui. No. 10, pp. 66. ^ 1886, Analysis of apples, Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 350-357. Richardson, Clifford. ■ An investigation of the composition of American wheat and corn. Ohem. Bui. No. 1, pp. 69. 1883. Eeport of the Chemist [Assistant Chemist]. Ag. Ept, 1883, pp, 197-250. What science can teach about wheat. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 2, pp. 67-70. 1883. An investigation of the composition of American wheat and corn [second report]. Chem. Bui. No. 4, pp. 98. 1884. Adulteration of spices and condiments. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 291-302, Third report on the chemical composition and physical properties of American cereals — wheat, oats, barley, and rye. Chem . Bui, No. 9, pp. 82. 1886. Certain plants of economic value as food for man and stock in Texas and New Mexico, Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 282-290, INJJEX TO AUTHORS. 211 Richardson, Clifford — Coutinued. Spices and coudiments. Ohein. Bui. No. 13, pt. 2, pp. 129-259, illus. 1887. Richardson, R. Report on agricultural interests of Virginia. Ag. Rpt. 1847, p. 381. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] A g. Rpt. 1848, pp. 491-463. Riley, Aaron. [Remarks on dairy cows.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 418, 419. Riley, Charles V. Remarks on the Ixodes bovis. Dis. Cattle, p. 168. 1869. Report of the Entomologist. Ag. Rpt. 1878, pp. 207-257, iUus. Insects affecting the cotton plant — The cotton worm — The silkworm; a brief manual of instruction for the production of silk — Nature of the silkworm — Different states or stages of the silkworm — Enemies and diseases — Varieties or races — Wintering and hatching the eggs — Feeding and rearing the worms — Preparation for spinning— Gathering the cocoous — Choking the chrysalis — Egg laying — Keproductiou — Reeling — Food plants — The grape phylloxera— Notes on the apple worm — The westward progress of the im- ported cabbage worm — Chapin's apple leaf-sewer (Phoxopiei-isnubevulana) — The thick-thighed walking atio^ (Diapherornerafemorata) — Nomenclature — Characters — Destructive powers — Natural history — Its appearance every alternate year — Natural enemies — Remedies — The great elm leaf-beetle (Monocesia coryli) — The juniper webworm (Dapsilia rutilana) — The clover- root borer {Bylesinus trijolii) — The clover-seed midge (Cecidomyia le()umin- icula) — The apple coleophora {Coleophora malivorella) — Fuller's rose beetle (Aramigus fulleri). Report of the Entomologist. Ag. Rpt. 1881, pp. 61-214, illus. Silk culture — Associations — Sales of eggs and cocoons — Experience in 1882 at the Department — New mulberry tree — Business ventures ; sale of eggs — Summary of the silk-growing question — Pyrethrum; its use as an insecti- cide — Experience with the plants in Washington- Chinch-bug notes — The army v/OTni{Leu,caniaunipuncta) — Scale insects of the orange — Insects affect- ing the rice plant — The rice grub (Chalepus iraehypygus) — The water weevil {Lessorhoptrus simplex)— Tho rice-stalk borer (Cliilo oryzwellm) — White blast — Insects affecting corn, or maize — The corn billbug (Sphenophorus robusiua) — The smaller cornstalk borer (Pempelia Ugnoselta) — The boll- worm, alias corn worm (Heliothis armiger) — The cotton worm (Aletia xylina) — The TJreiia anomis (Anomis erosa) — The clover leaf-beetle (Phy- tonomus pnnciatus) — The vagabond crambus (Crambus vulfiivagellus) — The wheat isosoma{/so8or(io tritici) — The sorghum webworm (iVbia sorghiella) — The catalpa sphinx {Sphinx catalpm) — The osage orange sphinx (iS. hageni) — The apple maggot ( Trypeta pomonella) — The vine-loving pomace fly (Dro- sophila ampelophila) — The pretty pomace fly {D. amceiia) — The ocellate leaf gall of red maple (Sciara ocellaris) — Ladybirds (Coccinellidce,) — Lac insects — A new wax insect. Report of the Entomologist. Ag. Rpt. 1883, pp. 99-180. Silkworm notes — Cabbage worms — The rape butterfly or imported cabbage worm {Pierisrapce) — The Southern cabbage hntterAy (P. protodice) — The potherb butterfly ( P. oleracea) — The larger cabbage butterfly (P. monuste) — The cabbage plusia {Pluaia bras8icee)—'Vhe cabbage mamestra {Mamestra chenopodii) — The zebra cabbage worm {Ceramica pieta)— The cabbage peo- uea (Pionea [^Orobena] rimosalis) — The cauliflower botis (/iortsrepeMtoHs) — The cabbage plutella (Pluiella cruciferarum) — Remedies for cabbage worms— Poisoning devices — Report on the causes of destruction of ever- green forests in northern New England and New York, by A. S. Packard — The larch sawfly worm {Kematus erichsonii) — The spruce-bud tortrix (Tor- trix fumiferana) — The spruce nematus {Nemaius integer) — The hemlock gelechia (Creleehia abielisella) — Report on progress in experiments on scale insects, with other practical suggestions, by H. G. Hubbard — The imported elm-leaf beetle (G. xanthomelwtta) — More recent experience at the Depart- ment — The lesser migratory locust. 212 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Riley, Charles V.— Continued. The army worm [Leucania unipuncta), 3d Ept. Eut. Com., pp. 89- 156. 1883. Nomenclaiure — Geographical distribution — Caiiacity for injury — Past his- tory — Characters; descriptive— .Sexual differences — Habits and natural history — Number of annual generations — Hibernation — Natural enemies — Remedies — Report of observations upon tb > army worm, 1881, by L. O. Howard — Correspondence anent the army worm, spring of 1882 — Account of the invasion of 1880 in New Jersey, by Rev. Samuel Lookwood, Ph. D. — Bibliography. Canker worms. 3d. Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 157-197, illus. 1883. Clasaiflcation— Two distinct insects concerned — Nomenclature — Past his- tory — Spring cankerworm — Fall cankerworm — Remedies and preventive measures applicable to both species. Edinburgh International Forestry Exhibition. Kg. Ept. 1884, pp. 167-176. Eeport of the Entomologist. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 285-^18, illus. Cabbage cut- worms — The dark-sided cut-worm (larva of Agrotia messori) — The granulated cut- worm (larvaof ^. annexa) — The shagreened cutworm (larva of A. malefida) — The W-marked cutworm (larva of A. clandestina) — The greasy cutworm (larva of A. ypsilon) — The speckled cutworm (larva of Mamestra subjuncia) — The glassy cutworm (larva oi Hardena deoastatrix) — The variegated cutworm (larva of Agrotis saitcia) — Remedies for cabbage cutworms — The imbricated snout-beetle — The wavy striped flea-beetle {Pliyllotreta vittata) — Zimmerman's flea-beetle (P. zimmennanvi) — -The Colorado cabbage flea beetle (P. atbionica) — The Colorado potato-beetle (Doryphora decemllneata) — The harlequin cabbage-bug {Afurgantia histri- onica) — The tarnished plant-bug {Lygns lineolaris) — The false chinch-bug (Nyaius angustatus) — The cabbage plant-louse (Aphis brassicw) — The cab- bage {Anthomyia brassicm) — The cabbage oscinis (Oseinis brassicw) — The- Rocky Mountain locust (Caloptenas spi-etus) — Sncceasfal introduction of the imported cabbage-worm — General truths in applied entomology — Kerosene emulsions — The streaked Cottonwood leaf-beetle {Plagiodera scripta) — The southern buffalo gnat (Simulium) — The Angoumois grain- moth (Gelecliia cerealella) — The cottony maple scale (Puhinaria innumer- ablia) — The cranberry fruit worm {Acrobasis vaccinii) — The larger wheat- straw isosoma (Isosoma grande) — Silk culture — Rust of the orange, by H G. Hubbard — Second report on the causes of the destruction of the evergreen and other forest trees in northern New England and New York, by Dr. A. S. Packard — The destruction of spruces in northern New York — Destruction of spruce in northern Maine — Condition of the hackmatack in 1884 — The reddish-yellow spruce-bug worm (Steganoptycha ratzeburg- iana) — Tlie common longicoru pine borer (Monohammus confusor) — The sugar-maple borer (Glyoobius speeiosus) — The poplar-borer (Saperda eal- oaria) — Insects affecting fall wheat, by F. M. Webster — The wheat-straw isosoma {Isosoma tritici) — Wheat and grass saw-fly (Tenthrediiddw) — The wheat midge (Diplosis tritici) — The American meromyza {Meromyza ameri- cana) — The flea-like negro bug (Thyreocoris jjuZicaniis)— The tarnished plant-bug (Lygus lineolaris) — The soldier-bug (Podisus) — The field cricket {Gryllus abbreoiatus) — Insects affecting rye — Insects affecting oats — The stalk-borer (Gortyna nJtete)— Report upon insects affecting the hop and the cranberry, by J. B. Smith— Hop insects— Cranberry insects — Notes from Nebraska, by Lawrence Bruner — Notes of the year — Notes on the grape phylloxera — Miscellaneous notes. General truths in applied entomology. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 323-330. Eegarding the grape Phylloxera in Eussia. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 405-407. In reference to the treaty of Berne and the prohibition of the introduction of bulbs and cuttings from the United States into Germany. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 407, 408. The grape Phylloxera in graperies : Legal questions arising. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 408, 409. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 213 Riley, Charles V. — Coutinuecl. Report of the Entomologist. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 207-343, illus. Silk culture — Distribution of mulberry trees — Distribution of eggs — Homo- raised vs. imported oggs — The establishment of filatures, cost of producing reeled silk-^Work on the Paoiflc Coast — On the precautions necessary in the production of pure silkworm eggs, and in properly wintering tliem— Flaccidity (Hachenes) — Pebrine — Wintering the eggs — Destructive locusts or " grasshoppers" — The Rocky Mountain looust [Caloptenus apretua)— The California migratory locust (MeJanoplus devastator) — Nonmigratory spe- cies — The periodical cicada (Cicodo se^s, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 135-138. Row^ell, Elmer. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 252-256, Rozell, A. B. The Oregon pea. Ag. Ept. 1853, pp. 223, 224. Ruffin, Edmund. Management of wheat harvest. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 102-113. Southern agricultural exhaustion and its remedy. Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 373-389. Rusk, J. M. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 7-45. Reorganization — Assistant Secretary — Publications — Report of the Division of Statistics — Ihis year's crops — The liocky Mountain region — Report of the Division of Kntomology — Report ou silk culture — Eeport of the Chemical Division — Sorghum and beet sugar — Eeport of the Botanical Division — Eeport of the Section of Vegetable Pathology — Eeport of the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy — Eeport of the Divi- sion of Microscopy — Eeport on the textile fibers — Eeports of the Agrioal- tural Experiment Stations and Office of Experiment Stations — Report of the Forestry Division — Ri'port of the Division of Gardens and Grounds — Eeport of the Seed Division — Eeport of the Division of Pomology — Eeport of the Folding Room — The Library — The Museum — Eeport on American agriculture at the Paris Exposition — Correspouilence — Agricul- tural organization — Farmers' institutes — Eeport of the Bureau of Animal Industry — Meat inspection — Disease experiment station — The dairy inter- ests — Poultry — Sheep and wool. 222 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Rusk, J. M. — Continued. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 7-58. The export trade in animals and their products — Eradication of pleuro- pnenmonia— Inspection in Great Britain— Inspection of exported animals — Regulations regarding Texas fever— Inspection of pork products— Meat inspection — Quarantine and inspection of imported animals — The sugar industry — Effects of recent legislation — Reorganization— Report of the Bureau' of Animal Industry — Investigation of diseases — Collection and distribution of information — Dairy and poultry interest — Report of the Division of Chemistry — Report of the Division of Statistics — Report of the Division of Entomology— Report of the Division of Microscopy — Report of the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy— Report of the Division of Forestry — Rainfall experiments — Report of the Divi- sion of Botany— Report of the Division of Vegetable Pathology — Report of the Division of Pomology — Report of the Silk Section — Report of the textile fiber industries — Report on artesian well Investigations — Report of the agricultural experiment stations and Office of Experimeut Sta- tions — Report of the Division of Records and Editing — Report of the Division of Illustrations — Report of the Seed Division — Report of the Division of Gardens and Grounds — Report of the Weather Bureau — Representation of the Department at fairs, etc. — Columbian World's Fair — The Museum — Adequate building facilities — Promotion of corn con- sumption in Europe — Representation of the Department abroad. Letter transmitting a statement of the expenditures of the Depart- ment for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1889. H. Ex. Doc. No. 104, pp. 98. 1890. Letter transmitting reports upon the operations of the Women's Silk Culture Association of the United States and of the Ladies' Silk Culture Society of California, and upon experiments made in the District of Columbia with silk-reeling machinery. H. Ex. Doc. B"o. 110, pp. 30, 1890. Letter transmitting a statement of the expenditures in the Depart- ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890. H. Ex. Doc. No. 35, pp. 95. 1890. Letter transmitting a statement of all appro] iriations in the Depart- ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1890. H. Ex. Doc. No. 35, pp. 95. 1890. Letter transmitting the report of the Bureau of Animal Industry. S. Ex. Doc. No. 8, pp. 104. 1890. Letter transmitting a statement of all purchases of cocoons and all sales of silk and waste during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890. Also reports of the Ladies' Silk Culture Society of Cali- fornia and the Women's Silk Culture Association of the United States. H. Ex. Doc. No. 203, pp. 25. 1891. Letter transmitting the report of the Bureau of Animal Industry for the year 1891. S. Ex. Doc. No. 11, pp. 129. 1891. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 7-63. Wholesale prices of agricultural products at leading cities in all sections of the United States — Prices of live stock in Chicago market — Crop values of the year — Agricultural exports — Agricultural imports — Meat products abroad — Inspection of animal products— Markets for American farm prod- ucts — Corn in Europe — Disposal of surplus crops — The middleman — Diver- sification of crops — Home-grown sugar — Transfer of the Weather Bureau — Farmers and the Department — Important meetings — Cooperative work — International associations — Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry — Eradication of pleuro-pueumonia— Inspection of export animals — Inspec- tion of imported animals — Vessel inspection — Movement of Soutliern cattle— Meat inspection — Cost ot the work — Report of the Division of Animal Pathology — Report of the Division of Field Investigations and Mis- INDEX TO AUTHORS. 223 Rusk, J. M.— Continued. cellaneoas Work — Quarantine Division — Report of tlie Division of Statis- tics — Report of the Division of Chemistry — Report of the Division of Entomology — Report of the Division of Botany— Report of the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy— Section of econo'niio relations — Report of the Division of Forestry — Report of the Division of Vegetable Pathology — Report of the Office of Experiment Stations— Report of the Division of Pomology — Report of the Division of Microscopy — Report on artesian wells, underflow, and irrigation— Report of the Omce of Fiber Investiga- gations — Report of the Division of Gardens and Grounds— lieport of the Division of Records and Editing — Report of the Document and Folding Room — Report of the Seed Division — Report on lainfall experiments — lieport of the Weather Bureau. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1892, j)p. 7-66. Our foreign trade — Exports — Imports — Live stock exports — Prices — "The American hog" — Cattle — Indian corn in Europe — Reduction in cotton area — Imports of raw cotton — Cereal production and prices — ^Domestic sugar industry — Scope of the Department's work — Need of adequate com- pensation — Agricultural gatherings — Representation abroad — A retro- spect — Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry — Texas fever — Inspection of import cattle — American cattle inspection in Great Britain — Inspec- tion of imported animals — Meat inspection — Animal industry publica- tions — Report of the Division of Statistics — Report of the Division of Chemistry — Report of the Division of Entomology — Report of the Division of Botany — Report of the Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy — Sec- tion of economic relations — Report of the Division of Forestry — Report of the Division of Vegetable Pathology — Report of the Office of Experi- ment Stations — lieport of the Division of Pomology— Report ot the Divi- sion of Microscopy — Report of the Office of Fiber Investigations — Report of the Division of Gardens and Grounds — Report of the Division of Rec- ords and Editing^Report of the Document and Folding Room — Report of rainfall experiments — Report of the Weather Bureau — Flood predictions — The distribution of forecasts and frost and cold wave warnings — Reports — World's Columbian Exposition — Buildings — Future organization — Univer- sal meat inspection — Pure milk — National standard of grain — Foundation for the future. Letter transmitting a detailed statement of all expenditures of appropriations for the Department of Agriculture for the year ending June 30, 1891. H. Ex. Doc. No. 53, pp. 134. 1892, Letter transmitting a statement of expenditures in the Department for the flscal year ending June 30, 1891. H. Ex. Doc. No. 55, pp. 134. 1892. Letter in response to Senate resolutiou of February 23, 1892, trans- mitting the report of the agent of the Department of Agriculture for making experiments in tlie production of rainfall. S. Ex. Doc. No. 45, pp. 59, illns. 1892. Letter in response to Senate resolutiou of March 24, 1892, relative to certain employees in the Department. S. Ex. Doc. No. 75, pp. 5. 1892. [Road improvement]. O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 57, 58. 1893. Letter transmitting the annual report of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 8. Ex, Doc. No. 20, pp. 229, 1893, Letter transmitting a statement showing the expenditure of the appropriation for experiments in the manufacture of sugar, H, Ex, Doc, No, 251, pp, 3, 1893. Russell, John L. Connection of the natural phenomena of the seasons with agricul- ture. Ag, Rpt. 1864, pp, 329-356, 224 U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Russell, John L. — Continued. Tables of the leafing and blossoming of plants with mean temper- atures — Native and garden flowers. Russell, Thomas. Instructions for voluntary observers. W. E. unuum. rpt., pp. 100, illus. (?) Daily river stages at river-gauge stations on the )>rincipal rivers of the United States for the years 1890-1892. W. B, unnum. rpt., pp. 507. 1893. River stage predictions in the United States. W. B. Bui. No. '2, pt. 1, pp. 89-94. 1894. Rust, George W. Cattle raising on the Plains. 3d Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 177-208, illus. 1887. Rydberg, P. A. Flora of the sand hills of Nebraska. Oont. Nat. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 133-200, illus. 1892-1896. Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota. Gout. Nat. Herb., vol. 3, pp. 463-536, illus. 1892-1896. Rydberg, P. A., and C. L. Shear. A report uiion the grasses and forage plants of the Rocky Moun- tain region. Agros. Bui. No. 5, pp. 48, illus. 1897. Ryder, Henry B. Farm animals in Europe. Rpt. Stat. 1886, pp. 353-355. The northern exhibition at Gopenhagen. Rpt. Stat. 1888, pp. 535, 536. Salisbury, J. H. Analysis of the apple. Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 518-524. Analysis of rhubarb. Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 524-528. Samuels, E. A. Oology of some of the land birds of New England, as a means of identifying injurious or beneficial species. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 386-430. Falconidaj — Duck hawk — Great-footed hawk {Falco an atum) — Pigeon hawk — Bullet hawk (Hypoiriorchis columbarius) — Sparrow hawk (jTJjmttncKfes spar- rius) — Cooper's hawk — {Accipiter cooperii) — Sharp-shinned hawk {A.fus- cus) — Red-tailed hawk, winter falcon, hen-hawk {Btiteo borealis) — Eed- shouldered hawk {B. lineatus) — Broad-winged hawk (B.pennsylvanicus) — Marsh hawk — Harrier, mouse hawk {Circus hudsonius) — Golden eagle (Aqiiila canadensis)— White-headed eagle — Bald eagle {Halieias leucoceph- alus) — Fish hawk — -American osprey {Pandion carolinensis) — Strigidse — Barn owl {Strijc pratincola) — Great horned owl — Cat owl (Bubo virginius — Mottled owl — Screech owl (AaZM« — Golden- winged woodpecker — Yellow hammer, flicker {Colaptea auratus) — Euby-throated humming bird (Trochilus coliibria) — Chimney swallow (C/wEtoropeZasi/ia)— Whip-poor-will {Antroatomus vooiferua) — Night hawk {Ghordeiles popetue) — Belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) — Kingbird — Bee martin (Tyrannus carolinensia) — Great crested flycatcher (Myiarchua en- INDEX TO AUTHOKS. 225 Samuels, E. A. — Continued. ^nitiis) — Pewee, Phebe bird (Sanornis /itsous)— Wood peweo {Cantopus rirens) — Least flycatcher {Empidon x minimus) — Wood thrusb — Song thrush (Turdus muateliniis) — Hermit thrush {T. pallasii) — Wilson's thrush — Tawny thrush (T. fuscesens) — Olive-backed thrush — Swainson's thrush ( /'. swainsonii) — Robin (T. migraiorius) — Brown thrush — Brown thrasher, raavis (HarporTinnohHS-rufus) — Cat bird {Miniia earoViiicnsis) — Blue bird (Sialia nialis) — Black and white creeper {MniotiUa varia) — Blue yellow- backed warbler {Panda americana) — Maryland yellow throat {Geotli- Itipis trichas) — Yellow-breasted chat {Icterin riridis) — Nashville warbler {Helminthopliaga ruficapilla) — Golden-crowned thrush — Oven bird (Seiurns aarocapillus) — Water thrush (S. noreboracensis) — Black-throated green warbler {Dendroica clreiia) — Yellow-rump warbler — Myrtle bird (D. coro- nata) — Pine-creeping warbler (Z>. p'miis) — Chestnut-sided warbler (Z). pennsyhmnica) — Yellow warbler— Summer yellow bird (D. a'sfjra)— Black- poll warbler {D. striata) — Prairie warbler (V. discolor) — Red start (Seto- phaga niticilla) — Scarlet tanager {Fyrantja rubra) — Barn swallow (Hirundo horreorum) — Cliffiswallow — Eave swallow (AT. lunifrons) — Stump swallow — White-bellied swallow (S. bicolor) — Bank swallow (Cotyle riparia) — Martia — Purple martin {Progne purpurea) — Cedar bird — Cherry bird {Ampeli'! cedrormn) — Shrike — Butcher bird {Collyrio borealis) — Red-eyed vireo — Red-eyed flycatcher ( T'ireo olivaceous) — Warbling vireo — Warbling flycatcher ( V. gilous) — White-eyed vireo — White-eyed flycatcher ( V. n-joe- 6orace«sis)— Solitary vireo — Blue-headed flycatcher ( r. solitarius) — Yellow- throated vireo, or flycatcher ( /'. flavifrons) — Long-billed marsli wren {Cistolhorus palustris) — Short-billed marsh wren (Clstothorus stellaris) — ■ House wren ( Tro'/lodytes a'don) — American creeper — Brown creeper (Certhia americana) — Red-bellied nuthatch {Sitta canadensis) — Black-cap titmouse — • Chickadee {Parus artricapillus) — Purple iinch (Carpodacus purpurcus)^ Y'ellow bird^Thistle bird — Goldfinch (Chrysomitris tristis) — Savannah sparrow (PasserctfZHS saranna) — Grass finch — Bay-wingedbunting (Pooeeefes gramineus) — Yellow-winged sparrow {Goiurniculua passerinus) — Sharp- tailed finch {Ammodromus caudactus) — Seaside finch (A. maritimus) — White-throated sparrow — Peabody bird — Wheat bird (Zonotrichia alMcol- lis) — Suuw bird {Juneo hyemalis) — Field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) — Chip- ping sparrow — Hair bird (Spizella socialis) — Song sparrow {Melospiza mel- odia) — Swamp sparrow {M. palustris) — Rose-breasted grosbeak (Gniraca ludoriaiana) — Indigo bird (Cyanospiza cyanea) — Chewink — Towheo bunt- ing — Ground robin {Pipilo erythropMhalmus) — Skunk blackbird — Bob- o'link, reed bird, rice bird {Dolichonyx oryzirorus — Cow bird — Cow black- bird — Cow buntiug (Molothrus pecoris) — Red-winged blackbird — Swamp blackbird (Agelaiua phccnioeus) — Meadow lark — Marsh quail (Sturnella magna) — Orchard oriole (/cier«ss^(tWMs) — Baltimore oriole — Golden robin — Hang bird (/. baltimore) — Rusty blackbird (Scoleophagus ferrugineus) — Crow blackbird — Purple grackle {Quiscalus rersicolor) — Common crow (Corrus americanas) — Blue jay (Cyanura cristata) — Canada jay — Moose bird (Perisoreus canadensis). Salmon, D. E. Investigation of swine plague. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 432-4d3, illus. The losses of swine — The contagious hog fever— Means of prevention — Extent of disease, number, aud pr^rcentage of deaths— Are these losses the result of a single disease? — Symptoms — Post-mortem appearances — Nature of the disease — Hygienic and medical treatment as preventives — Sanitary regulations. Investigation of swine plague. Spl. Rpt. No. 12, pp. 123-134. 1879. Investigation of Southern cattle fever. Spl. Ept. No. 22, pp. 98-141. 1880. Investigations of swine plague and fowl cholera. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 387-454, illus. Effect of solution of chloride of zinc on the virus — Effect of putrefaction on virus — Effect of drying the virus — Inoculatious with cultivated virus — Microscopic investigations in regard to the nature of the virus — Cultiva- tion of the virus — Investigations of fowl cholera — Experimental study of the disease — Is it communicable? — The liquids or organs containing the virus Effect of taking the virus with the food — Are the germs transported 21713— No. 4 15 226 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTURE. Salmou, D. E. — Continued. by the atmosphere? — Is the disease contracted from infected liabitations? — Elfect of putrefaction on virus, of drying the virus, and of diluting virus — The blood in the body retains its virulence thirty-six hours after the death of the bird — The alcoholic extract of blood not virulent — Eifect of salicylic acid on virus; of benzoic acid on virus; of suljihuric acid on virus; of alcohol on virus; of boracio acid and sulphate of potassium on virus; of boracic acid on virus; of carbolic acid on virus; of carbolated camphor on virus; of iodine on virus; of heat on virus — One attack of the disease protects against the eifect oi^^ subsequent inoculations -A certain number of fowls resist inoculation — Devitalized virus as a preventive — Attempts to obtain a mitigated virus — Preservation of a cultivated virus — Suscepti- bility increased by cold weather — R^sum^ of results attained by these experiments - Symptoms — Period of incubation and duration of the dis- ease— Post mortem appearances — Microscopical investigations — Influence of recent investigations on the theories of contagia — Theories of con- tagion and what is required to establish them — The contagium of anthrax; of septicaemia; of fowl cholera; and of swine plague^Influence of recent investigations on our means of preventing contagious diseases. Investigations of swine pliigue and fowl cholera (second report). Spl. Rpt. No. 34, pp. 13-80, illus. 1881. Investigation of swine plague, fowl cholera, and Southern cattle fever. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 258-316, illus. Objects and methods of investigation — Cause of contagious fevers — Patho- genic bacteria — Inoculation experiments — Examination of liquids for bacteria and of tissues for bacteria — Keeping distilled water free from bacteria — Preparing aniline staining fluid — The cultivation of bacteria — Manner of using the cultivation apparatus — Ultimate objects of such investigations — Investigations of swine plague — Investigations of fowl cholera — Virulence of the excrement — The efficiency of sulphuric acid as a disinfectant — Virus not indeflnitely preserved in eartli — The germs may retain their virulence a considerable time under certain conditions — The sixth successive cultivation of virus in tubes retains its activity unim- paired — Pathogenic action of the bacteria — The bacterium probably exists in but one form — Effects of a mixtnre of salicylic acid and borax on the virus; of benzoic acid and borax on the virus; of carbolic acid on the virus — The medical treatment of fowl cholera — Attenuation of the fowl- cholera virus — Susceptibility and insusceptibility — Susceptible birds which contract the local lesion from the diluted virus become insuscep- tible — Insusceptible birds inoculated with sufficiently large quantities of virus succumb to the disease — Theories of insusceptibility — The narcotic of fowl-cholera virus — Influence of the narcotic on the activity of the virus — The amount of the chemical products required to produce insus- ceptibility — Investigations of Southern cattle fever— Progress of the year in tbe prevention of contagious diseases — The Anthois method of vaccina- tion aud medical treatment. Prevention of fowl cholera. Spl. Ept. K'o. 34, pp. 314-317. 1881. The dissemination of Texas fever and how to control it. Spl. Ept. No. 50, pp. 10-14. 1882. Prevention of contagious diseases of animals in America. Unnum. rpt., pp. 32-37. 1883. Eeport of the Veterinarian. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 17-67, illus. Investigation of Texas cattle fever and fowl cholera. Unnum. rpt., pp. 13-102, illus., in " Contagions diseases." 1883. Investigations of Texas cattle fever and fowl cholera. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 18-67, illus. Eeport of the Chief of the Burean of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 181-284, illus. Investigation of pleuro-pneumonia— Enzootics of ergotism— Geographical distribution of Southern cattle fever — Investigation of swine plague— The gape disease of fowls, and the parasite by which it is caused, hv Theobald Smith. > i ^ , . INDEX TO AUTHORS. 227 Salmon, D. E. — Continued. National legislation for the contagious diseases of animals. Unnum. rpt., pp. rS-'A9. 1885. Trichiniasis. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 475-402. 1885. luclndes remarks on salt used iu packing. lieport of the Ohief of the Bureau of Animal Industry [to Con- gress]. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 7-232, illus. 1885. On contagious pleuro-pnenmonia — Ou enzootics of ergotism — On Soutliern cattle fever — On swine plague. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1885,, pp. 431-568, illus. Action taken in regard to ploaro-pueumonia — Summary in regard to pleuro- pneumonia — Investigatious in swine plague — Geographical distribution of Southern cattle fever — The gape disease of fowls — Verminous bronchitis in calves and lambs and its treatment by tracheal injections — United States neat cattle quarantine. Second annual report of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 2d B. A. I. Ept., pp. 9-292, illus. 1886. On contagious pleuropneumonia — Ou swine plague — On Southern cattle fever — On gapes in fowls — On verminous bronchitis (lung worms) — On neat cattle quarantine. Eeport on the beef supply of the United States and the export trade iu animals and animal products. Unnum. rpt., pp. 15. 1890. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1893. 10th and llth Epts. B. A. I., pp. 7-21. 1896. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1894. 10th and llth Epts. B. A. I., pp. 25-39. 1896. Black quarter. 10th and llth Epts. B. A. I., pp. 84-87. 1896. Actinomycosis, or lumpy jaw. 10th and llth Epts. B. A. I., pp. 88- 91. 1896. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 539-686, illus. Progress of pleuropneumonia and action taken in regard to it— Investiga- tions of swine diseases — Preliminary investigations concerning infectious pleuro-pneumonia in swine (swine plague). [Address before the National Cattle-growers' Convention held at Kansas City, Missouri, October 31 and November 1 and 2, 1887.] Unnum. rpt., pp. 7-11. 1887. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau. 3d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 9-104, illus. 1887. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 457-522, illus. Operations of the Bureau — Pleuro-pneumonia — Further investigatious on the nature and prevention of hog cholera— Further investigations on the etiology of infectious pneumonia in swine (swine plague) — United States neat cattle quarantine. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 145, 219. Operations of the Bureau — Pleuro-pneumonia — The work in New York — The work in New Jersey— The work in Pennsylvania — The work in Maryland— The work in Virginia— The work in Illinois — The work as a whole — 228 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Salmon, D. E. — Continued. Glanders— Prevention of hog cholera — Isolation, disinfection, and cleanli- ness as preventive measures — Treatment of hog cholera — Hog cholera in Sweden and Denmark — France — Experiments on the attenuation of hog cholera bacilli by heat— Investigations of an outbreak of infectious swine diseases near Baltimore, MA., September, 1888— Some general observations of this epizootic — Investigations of swine diseases in Iowa — Some observa- tions on the biology and pathogenic activity of the swine-plagne germ from Iowa— Notes ou two outbreaks of swine disease in Virginia and Maryland — The etiology and diagnosis of glanders — United States cattle ■ rjuarantine. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 49-110. Pleuro -pneumon ia — Work in New York — Work in New Jersey — Work in Penn- sylvania — Work in Maryland — The work as a whole— Comparison with the previous year — Regulations concerning Texas fever — Glanders — United States cattle quarantine— Inoculation as a preventive of swine disease— The beef supply of the United States and the leading conditions govern- ing the price of cattle — The export trade in animals and meat products — Investigations of iufectious animal diseases— On two outbreaks of modi- fied hog cholera — Swine plague — Investigations of Texas fever — Anthrax — Glanders — Interstitial pneumonia in cattle — Tuberculosis in domesticated animals. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 4th and 5tli Epts. B. A. I., pp. 9-16(5, illus. 1889. Progress of the work of extirpating pleuro-pneumonia — Beef supply of the United States and conditions governing the jirioe of cattle — United States neat cattle quarantine — Glanders — Nature and prevention of hog cholera; investigations of 1887 — Etiology of infectious pneumonia in swine; inves- tigations of 1887 — Experiments ou the attenuation of hog cholera by heat; investigations of 1888 — Prevention of hog cholera — Treatment of hog cholera — Hog cholera in Sweden and Denmark — Hog cholera in France. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 75-132. Pleuropneumonia — Work in New York — Work in New Jersey — Work in Maryland — The work as a whole — Comparisons with previous years — Regu- lations concerning Texas fever — Inspection of American cattle in Great Britain — Inspection of expt)rt cattle before shipment — Inspection and quarantine of imported animals — Inspection of salted meats for export — Investigation of reported diseases — Scientific investigations — Southern, or Texas, fever of cattle — Swine diseases — Glanders — Publications — Condi- tions att'ecting the price of hogs — United States cattle quarantine — Inves- tigations of the infectious diseases of cattle — Investigations of Texas cattle fever— The relation of ticks to Texas cattle fever — Swine diseases — An experiment to test the value of subcutaneous injections of hog cliolera bacilli as a means of preventing hog cholera— An experiment to test the value of injections of hog cholera bacilli into the veins as a means of pro- ducing immunity- Swine plague— Two outbreaks of hog cholera — Inves- tigation of E. A. de Schweinitz — Hog cholera — Experiments upon hogs — Swine plague — Miscellaneous. Report on inoculation as a preventive of swine diseases. Unnum. rpt., pp. 10. 1890. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Rpt. 1891, pp. 83-142. Operations of the Bureau — Inspection of export cattle — Meat inspection — Insiiection of American cattle at British ports — Protective regulations — International Congresses — Inspection Division — Contagious pleuro- pneumonia — Movement of Southern cattle — Inspection of export animals — Inspection of imported animals — Inspection in Great Britain — Vessel inspection — Meat inspection— -Cost of the work — Division of Animal Pathology — Division of Field Investigations and Miscellaneous Work — INDEX TO AUTHORS. 229 Salmon, D. E. — Continued. Quarantine Division — Publications— Investigation of infectious diseases of domesticated animals — Swine plague — Texas fever — Pneumonia in cat- tle — Experiments ■with the milk of tuberculous cattle — Abortion in mares — Miscellaneous work — Investigation of the effects of bacteria products in the prevention of diseases — Swine-plague experiments upon hogs — Hog cholera — Glanders. Report of tbe Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 7-93. 1891. Investigations of infectious animal diseases — Transactions of the Bureau for 1890 — Scientific investigations. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Rpt. 1892, pp. 85-122. Inspection Division — Contagions pleuro- pneumonia — Movement of cattle from splenetic fever district — Regulations concerning cattle transporta- tion—Inspection of export animals — Inspection of import animals — Revo- cation of order requiring slaughter of sheep landed in Great Britain — Inspection of American cattle in Great Britain — Vessel inspection — Meat inspection— Exportation of inspected pork products — Division of Animal Pathology — Division of I'ield Investigations and Miscellaneous Work — Quarantine Division — Publications — Investigations of infectious diseases of domesticated animals — Investigations conducted by the Biochemic Laboratory during 1892. Results of experiments with inoculation for the prevention of hog cholera. F. B. :N'o. 8, pp. 40. 1892. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Rpt. 1893, pp. 123-168. Work of the year — Eradication and control of contagious diseases — Conta- gious pleuropneumonia — Texas fever — Maladie du coit — Tuberculosis — Glanders — Inspection of animals in transit — Inspection of Southern cat- tle — Inspection of import animals — Inspection of export animals — ^'essel inspection — Inspection of American cattle in Great Britain — Meat inspec- tion — Improvement of the microscopic work — Cost of inspection — Exports of inspected pork — Additional legislation needed — Future woi'k of tbe Inspection Division — Publications — Investigation of infectious diseases of domesticated animals — Tuberculosis in cattle — Texas cattle fever — Bron- cho pneumonia and interstitial pneuuionia in cattle — Swine diseases — Cornstalk disease — Rabies in cattle — Jliscellaneous investigations — The use of bacteri.a having pathogenic proi)ertie8 in the destruction of small animals injurious to agriculture — Possibilities and limitations of the method — Work conducted in the Biochemic Laboratory — Tuberculin tests — Glanders— Miscellaneous iuvestigatious. Report upon the investigations relating to the treatment of lumpy jaw, or actinomycosis, in cattle. B. A. I. Bui. No. 2, pp. 90, illus. 1893. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1891. 8th and yth Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 11-44. 1893. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1892. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 71-104. 1893. Report upon investigations relating to the treatment of lumpy jaw, or actinomycosis, in cattle. 8th and 9th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 109 - 135. 1893. Directions for the pasteurization of milk. B. A. I. Circ. No. 1, p. 1, illus. 1894, Wheat as a food for growing and fattening animals. B. A. I. Circ. No. 2, pp. 4. 1894. 230 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Salmon, D. B. — Continued. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept, 1894, pp. 103-112. Meat inspection— Microscopic investigation of pork — Inspection of export animals — Vessel inspection — Stock yards inspection — Inspection in Great Britain of animals from the United States — Inspection and quarantine of imported animals — Scientific investigations — Publications — Remarks on the condition of the service and recommendations for the current year — Regulations for securing the destruction of carcasses unfit for food — Inspection of imported horses — Additional regulations needed concerning importation of cattle from Mexico — Extension of the Bureau work — Work in regard to tuberculosis. The Federal meat inspection. T. B. 1894, pp. 67-80. Growth of the inspection — Diseases discovered by the inspection — Reasons for condemning carcasses — Advantages and disadvantages of large abat- toirs — The cost of meat inspection — The importance of meat inspection — Vessel inspection — Stock-yards inspection — Inspection in Great Britain of animals from the United States — Inspection and quarantine of imported animals. Hog cholera and swine plague. F. B. No. 24, pp. 10. 1894. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Epti •1895, pp. 97-109. Meat inspection — Vessel and stock-yards inspection — Inspection and quar- antine of imported animals — Scientific work — Establishment of Dairy Dtviaion — Publications — Appropriation and expenditure — Recommenda- tions. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 189G, pp. 1-8. Meat inspection — Southern cattle inspection and quarantine of imported animals — Work of the Pa thological Division — \^'ork of xhe Dairy Division — Publications. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 185-198. Meat inspection — Work of the Pathological Division — Work of the Bio- chemic Division — Work of the Zoological Laboratory — Work of the Dairy Division — Work for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1897. Directions for use of blackleg virus. B. A. I. Circ. No. 21, pp. 0, illus. 1897. Exports of animals and their products. B. A. I. Circ. No. 17, pp. 3. 1897. Preventive vaccination against blackleg. B. A. I. Circ. No. 20, pp. 2. 1897. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1895. 12th and 13th Epts. 'B. A. I., pp. 7-20. 1897. Eeport of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry for 1896. 12th and 13th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 21-35. 1897. Salviate, E. de. Cooperative dairies in Sweden. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 452-457. Samuel, G. 'W. [Eemarks on hemp culture.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 328, 329. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 231 Samuels, Edward A. Mammalogy and ornithology of New England, with reference to agricultural economy. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 265-260. Cheiroptera— Insectivora — Cavuivora—Rodeutia—Riuninantia—Marsnin- ata — lusects — Oithoptera — Neuroptera — Ilemiptera— Lepidoptera — Hymeuopteia — Diptera— Birds — Raptores (literally robbers) — Scan- sores— lueessores (percliers) — Clamatores (screamers)— Osoiues (singers) — Rasores (scratchers)— Grallatores (waders). Value of birds on the farm. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 201-208. Sanboru, J. W. Eelation of tillage to soil physics, Oi E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. An invasion by the clover-leaf beetle. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 231-233. 1891. ' Notes on blackberry borers and gall makers. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 27-30. 1891. The squash borer {Melittia cucurhitw) and remedies therefor. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 30, 31. 1891. Notes of the year in New Jersey [entomological!. I. L., vol, 4, pp. 43-45. 1891. ^ ' ' Notes of the year in New Jersey [entomologicall. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 93-98. 1892. & J > ? INDEX TO AUTHORS. 247 Smith, John B.— Continued. The maxillary tentacles of Pronuba. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 161-163, illiis. 1893. ' Descriptions of Noctuidiie from the Death Valley. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 328-334, iUus. 1893. Farm practice and fertilizers as insecticides, i. L., vol. 6, pp. 93-97. 1893. The economic value of parasites and predaceous insects. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 142-146. 1893. Insects of the year in New Jersey. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 187-192. 1893. Bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 108-110. 1894. The San Jose scale in New Jersey. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 163-167. 1894. Notes of the year in New Jersey [entomological]. I. L., vol. 7, , pp. 185-197. 1894. Entomological notes and problems. Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 6-18, , 1896. " Raupenleim" and " dendrolene." Ent. Bui. No. 2, n. s., pp. 31, 32. 1896. Scale insects and their enemies in California. Ent. Bui. No. 6, n. s., pp. 46-48. 1896. Smith, Junius. Cultivation of the tea ijlant in the United States. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 402-404. Introduction of the tea plant into the United States. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 192-194. Smith, J. H. Imphee and sorghum culture, and sugar and sirup making. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 129-140. Preparation of the soil — Soaking the seed — Planting and cultivation — Ma- nuring — Hybridization — Harvesting — Mills — Handling the juice — Evapor- ating pans and clarifying — Disposal of the scum from the evaporator — Drainage of mush sirup into sugar — Distilling the cane juice — Bagasse, or crushed cane, for fuel and other purposes — Sugar making and refining — Uses of the seed — Difl'erent kinds of cane. Smith, J. Laivrence. Investigation of the sugar-bearing capacity of the Chinese sugar cane. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 192-196. Smith, J. W. Forest-tree culture in Dakota. For. Bui. No. 5, pp. 50-52. 1891. Smith, Lotan. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 226-231. Smith, Nehemiah. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 144, 145. Smith, N. D. Abstract of meteorological observations near Washington, Arkan- sas. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 613, 614. 248 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Smith, Obeilin. [Eoad improvement.] O. E. S. Bui. 'Eo. 14, pp. 59-63. 1893. Smith, S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 132, 133. Smith, Theobald. The gape disease of fowls and tlie parasite by which it is caused. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 269-284, illus. [Translation. | The gape disease of fowls and the parasite by which it is caused. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 281-296, illus. ] 885. Investigations of the infectious diseases of animals. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 105-122. Investigations of the Texas fever — The relation of ticks to Texas cattle fever — Svi'iue diseases — An experiment to test the value of subcutaneous injections of hog cholera bacilli as a means of preventing hog cholera — An experiment to test the value of injections of hog cholera bacilli into the veins as a means of producing immunity — Swine plague — Two out- breaks of hog cholera. Special report on the causes and prevention of swine plague. Eesults of experiments. Unnum. rpt., pp. 166, illus. 1891. Investigation of infectious diseases of domesticated animals. Ag, Ept. 1891, pp. 117-138. Swine plague — Texas fever — Pneumonia in cattle — Experiments with the milk of tuberculous cattle — Abortion in mares —Miscellaneous work. Investigations of infectious diseases of animals. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 93-110. 1891. Investigations of Texas cattle fever — The relation of ticks to Texas cattle fever — Swine diseases — Two outbreaks of hog cholera. Investigation of infectious diseases of domesticated animals. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 110-118. Texas cattle fever — The cattle tick the carrier of Texas fever — The Texas fever mioroparasite lives in the blood of healthy Southern cattle — Prevent- ive exposure — Prevention — Treatment — Conclusions — Tuberculosis in cat- tle — Sporadic pneumonia in cattle — The cornstalk diseases in cattle- Diseases of horses in the West — Miscellaneous work. On the pathogenic bacillus from the vagina of a mare after abor- tion. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 53-59. 1893. Preliminary notes on a sporozoon in the intestinal villi of cattle. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 73-88, illus. 1893. Investigation of infectious diseases of domesticated animals. 8th and 9th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 45-66. 1893. Swine plague — Texas fever — Pneumonia in cattle — Experiments with the milk of tuberculous cattle — Abortion in mares — Miscellaneous work. Investigation of infectious diseases of domesticated animals. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 140-152. Tuberculosis in cattle — Tlie ways in which tubercle bacilli are discharged from the body of tuberculous cattle— Channels of infection — Relative fre- quency 01 infection through the lungs and the digestive tract — Preventive measures. The hog cholera group of bacteria. B. A. I. Bui. No; 6, pp. 9-40. 1894. Practical bearing of the ])receding investigations [on hog cholera and swine plague]. B, A. I, Bui. No. 6, p]). 109-114. 1894. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 249 Sinith, Theobald— Continued. Studies in bovine tuberculosis, with special reference to preven- tion. B. A. 1. Bui. No. 7, pp. 88-128. 1894. Some practical suggestions for tbe suppression and prevention of tuberculosis. B. A. I. Bui. No. 7, pp. 129-156. 1894. Some practical suggestions for the suppression and prevention of bovine tuberculosis. Y. B. 1894, pp. 317-330. Character of the disease — The contagiousness of the disease — Preventive measures — Bovine tuberculosis in its relation to the public health. An infectious disease among turkeys caused by protozoa (infectious entero-hepatitis). B. A. I. Bui. No. 8, pp. 7-38, illus. 1895. Sewage disposal on the farm and the protection of drinking water. P. B. No. 43, pp. 20, illus. 1896. Preliminary investigations of unknown diseases in turkeys. 10th and 11th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 82, 83. 1896. Investigations of diseases of domesticated animals. 12th and 13th Rpts. B. A. I., pp. 119-183, illus. 1897. Notes on sporadic pneumonia in lattle — Its causation and differentiation from contagious pleuro-pneumonia — Two varieties of the tubercle bacillus from mammals — Notes on the evolution of hog cholera outbreaks — Swine erysipelas or mouse Sep ticiemia bacilli from an outbreak of swine disease — Notes on peculiar parasitic aifections of the liver in domesticated ani- mals — Two cases of cirrhosis of the liver. Smith, Theobald, and Charles F. Da-wson. Injuries to cattle from swallowing pointed objects. 10th and 11th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 78-81. 1896. Smith, Theobald, and F. L. Kilborne. Investigations into the nature, causation, and prevention of Texas, or Southern, cattle fever. B.A.I. Bui. No. 1, pp. 301, illus. 1893. Investigations into the nature, causation, and prevention of South- ern cattle fever. 8th and 9th Kpts. B. A. I., pp. 177-304, illus. 1893. Smith, Theobald, and Veranus A. Moore. Experiments on the production of immunity in rabbits and guinea pigs with reference to hog cholera and swine plague bacteria. B. A. I. Bui. No. 6, pp. 41-80. 1894. On the variability of infectious diseases as illustrated by hog cholera and swine plauge. B. A. I. Bui. No. 6, pp. 81-95. 1894. Smith, Theobald, and B. C. Schroeder. Some experimental observations on the presence of tubercle bacilli in the milk of tuberculous cows when the udder is not visibly diseased. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 60-66. 1893. Smith, Theobald, F. L. Kilborne, and E. C. Schroeder. Additional observations on Texas cattle fever. B. A. I. Bui. No. 3, pp. 67-72. 1893. Smith, 'Washington A. [Keport on farm crops, etc., in Maryland.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 344- 348. Snellen, Maurits. The climate of the Netherlands. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 627- 640. 1896. 250 U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Snow, B. W. Aggregate damage from cotton worms in Texas, crop of 1887. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 32-34. 1889. , Cotton production and trade of the world. Ept. Stat. 1890, pp. 268- 283. The Indian corn industry in the United States. Unnum. rpt., pp. 23-36. 1891. Snow, Edwin M. Hog cholera. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 147-154. Symptom — Post-moitem appearances — Nature of tlie disease — Causes — Pre- vention — Treatmen t. Snow, F. H. Experiments for the destruction of chinch bugs in the field by the artificial introduction of contagious diseases. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 279-284. 1891. The chinch bug disease and other notes. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 69-72. 1891. Experiments for the destruction of chinch bugs in the field by the artificial iutroduction of contagious diseases. O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 145-149. 1891. Work in economic entomology at the University of Kansas for the season of 1894. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 140-144, illus. 1894. Snyder, Harry. Determination of fats in fodders by direct weighing and by loss of weight of the substance. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 37-39. 1891. An error in the present oflicial method for the determination of albuminoid nitrogen; and the effect of the presence of metals that are precipitable by potassium sulphide in the determination of nitrogen by Kjeldahl's method. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 39, 40. 1891. Humus in its relation to soil fertility. Y. B, 1895, pp. 131-142. Loss of soil humus and decline in fertility — Nitrogen in humus — Mineral matter in humus — Value of humates as plant food — Means of increasing the humates of the soil — Humus and the water supply of crops — Humus and the heat of the soil — Means of maintaining the liumus of the soil. Determination of the total insoluble matter, phosphoric acid, lime, and potash in soils. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 48, 49. 1896. Loss of nutrients in boiling potatoes, carrots, and cabbage. O. E. S. Bui. No. 43, pp. 7-19, illus. 1897. The digestibility of potatoes and eggs. O. E. S. Bui. No. 43, pp. 20- 24. 1897. Snyder, S. J. H. Locusts, or grasshoppers, in Kansas. Mo. Ept. 18C8, p. 456. Solberg, E. Eeport on the investigations of methods for phosphoric acid deter- mination for the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists for 1894. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 83-87. 189(i. Sommera, Benjamin. ' [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 370-373. Sorsby, N. T. Indian millet, or Dourah corn. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 160-162. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 251 Soskin, Selik. The formation of fat iu the animal body. E. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 179- 191. 1896. Southwiok, E. B. Entomological work iu Central Park. I. L.,vol. 4, pp. 59-62. 1891. The parsnip webworm (Depressaria heracUana). I. L., vol. 5, pp. 106-109. 1892. Economic entomological work in the parks of New York City. 1. L., vol. 7, pp. 135-138. 1894. The wood-leopard moth in the parks of JSTew York City. I. L.,vol. 7, pp. 138-140. 1894. Southworth, Effie A. Glmosporium. nervisequum. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp, 51, 52. 1889. A new hollyhock disease. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 45-50, illus. 1890. Anthracnose of cotton. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 100-105, illus. 1891. Additional observations on anthracnose of the hollyhock. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 115, 116. 1891. Eipe rot of grapes and apples. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 164-173. illus. 1891. Southworth, Effle A., and B. T. Galloway. Treatment of apple scab. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 210-214. 1889. Preliminary notes on a new and destructive oat disease. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 72, 73. 1890. Spalding, Thomas. Culture of indigo. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 976-978, illus. Spear, Le'wis H. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 152-154. Speechly, 'William. A treatise on the culture of the vine. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 103,104, illus. Spence, Philip B. [Eeport on the commerce of Quebec, Canada.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 42-44. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Spencer, Grove. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 269-273. Spencer, Guilford L. Experiments in the manufacture of sugar at Magnolia Station, Lawrence, Louisiana. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 328-342, Eeport of experiments in the manufacture of sugar at Magnolia Station, Lawrence, Louisiana, season of 1885-86. Chem. Bui. No. 11, pp. 26, illus. 1886. Eeport of experiments in the manufacture of sugar at Magnolia Station, Lawrence, Louisiana, season of 1886-87. (Third report.) Chem. Bui. No. 15, pp. 35. 1887. Summary of data for four years at Magnolia. Chem. Bui. No. 18, pp. 46-58. 1888. 252 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Spencer, Guilford L. — Continued. Eeport of experiments in the manufacture of sugar by diffusion at Magnolia Station, Lawrence, Louisiana, season of 1888-89. Ohem. Bui. No. 21, pp. 67. 1889. Eeport on sugar. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 149-154. 1893. Report on sugar. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 122-125. 1894. Spengler, Joseph S. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 478-483. Sperk, Franz Otto. The four great rivers of Siberia. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 101- 116. 1894. Spivey, John. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 286-288. Sprague, G. The meat question analyzed. Ag. Rpt. 1883, pp. 462-484. pprague, Thomas. [Remarks on cotton in Lower California.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, p. 285. Sprung, A. On the construction of registering air thermometers to replace the ordinary alcohol and mercurial thermometers. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 718-720, illus. 1896. stalker, M. The "loco" plant and its effect on animals. 3d Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 271-276. 1887. Standart, S. H. The live-stock industry of Colorado and the Territories of the North- west. 2d Rpt. B. A. I., pp. 327-334. '1886. Stanton, Edgar. Cultivation of the nettle in Germany. Ag. Rpt. 1878, pp. 5G0, 561. iStanton, F. J. Practical irrigation in Colorado. Ag. Rpt. 1871, pp. 254-287. The levels^The dam, or weir — The sluice, hatch, or headgate — The head main ditch — Fall of the main ditch — Flume chute, or aqueduct — Puddling, or artificial bottoming — Measuring water — Reservoirs — Diiferent modes of B' irrigation — Irrigation as a. vehicle for fertilizers — How much and when to irrigate — The economy of irrigation — Ditches in Colorado — Alkali lands — Questions on irrigation — A great Western American canal — Irrigation systems of different countries — Irrigation in France — Irrigation in Spain- Irrigation in Italy — Irrigation in India — Irrigation in our Territories. Starling, William. Floods of the Mississippi River with reference to t.he inundation of the alluvial valley. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 68-80. 1894. Starr, Frederick, jr. American forests: Their destruction and preservation. Ag. Rpt. 1865, pp. 210-234. Evils of past destruction — Increase of destruction — Consumption by huild- ing railroads — Consumption for railroad fuel — General consumption of wood for fuel — Consumptionbymechanicalindustry— Destruction by war — Improvident waste — Destruction for liquidation of farm debts — Repro- duction prevented — Preventive measures proposed — National scientific experiments needed — Beginnings already in operation — Experiments should be protracted, thorough, and various^^Warnings from history — What can be effected by such experiments — Individual efforts on too small a scale — Wood pays more than one-half of the entire internal revenue of the United States; INDEX TO AUTHORS. 253 Stearns, Robert E. C. Report ou the land aud fresh-water shells collected in California and Nevada by the Death Valley Expedition, including a few additional species obtained by Dr. C. Hart Merriain and assist- ants in parts of the Southwestern United States. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 209-283, illus. 1893. Steiger, J. B. Physical and topographical features of Ynma County, Arizona. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 408-419. 1890. Steiuer, Ralph. [Report on the commerce of Munich, Germany. I For. Mkts. Bui. No. 2, pp. 68-72. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Stejneger, Leonard. Annotated list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with descriptions of new species. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 159-228. 1893. With field notes by Dr. C. Hart Merriain. Stelle, J. P. Report on entomological experiments and observations. 4th Rpt. Ent. Com., pp. 25-35, appx.iii. 1885. Cotton blight — Boll rot— The flare — Other food plants than cotton — Annoy- ances to the i-otton worm — Natural oneniies — The yeast ferment remedy — Pyrethrum powder — Other vegetable poisons — Arsenical poisous (london purple, paris green, arsenic). Stephan, Theodore M. Tuberculosis among cattle in Saxony. 10th and 11th Rpts. B. A. I., p. 99. 1896. Stetson, Ezra. Swine breeding. Misc. Spl. Rpt. No. 2, pp. 160-162. 1883. Stevens, 'Williani B. A brief history of the silk culture in Georgia. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 806-817. Stevenson, J. C. [Address on road improvement.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 22, 23. 1894. Stewart, E. W. Cutting and cooking food for animals. Ag. Rpt. 1865, pp. 396-407, illus. Why fodder should be cut — Mixing different qualities of food — What is gained in cutting for a small stock — Straw cutters — Cooking food for ani- mals — Value of straw, analyses, etc. — Average composition of wheat straw — Corn fodder and bean straw — Cultivated grasses, average, dried at 212" F. — Indian corn and wheat Ijran — Oats and rye — Barley — Beans and peas — Steam apparatus — Preparing food for steaming — Cheap steamer — Arrangement for a large stock — Results of cooking — Opinions of American and English farmers — Amount of straw and coarse fodder wasted. Cattle feeding in New York. Ag. Rpt. 1876, pp. 299-311. Present condition of cattle feeding in New York — Feeding cattle raised by others — An experiment — True system of meat production for New York — Full feeding and early maturity — Ellsworth twins— Another example — The profit of early maturity — Cost of a two-year-old steer. 254 JJ. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Stewart, P. L. Maize and sorghum as sugar plants. Ag. Ept, 1877, pp. 236-264, illus. Crystallizable sugar — Sugar production in Louisiana — Results of experi- ments with maize and sorghum — Botanical relationships — Period of growth — Propagation — Rattooning, or tillering — Climate — Soil — Ma- nures — Chemical composition — Sorghum and maize as compared with the sugar beet — Climatic range of sorghum and maize — Soils — Effects of ma- nures — Cost of production — Improvement of the soil — Yield per acre — Corn and the beet as forage plants in France — ^System of manufacture for gen- eral use — Preparation of the soil — Period of harvesting — Curing of green com — Precautious to be observed — Crushing mills — Heating tanks — Evap- orating apparatus — Finishing pan — The cooler — Crystallizing vessels — Process of manufacture — Chemical means employed — Treatment of juice in the tanks — Chemical reactions — Evaporation — Crystallizing — Special treatment of sorghum in crystallization — Analysis of dried sugar com. Stickney, Lyman D. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in District of Columbia.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 192-194. Tropical Florida. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 402-404. stiles, Charles Wardell. The country slaughterhouse as a factor in the spread of disease. Y. B. 1896, pp. 155-166, illus. Introduction — Notes taken at the various slaughterhouses — Slaughterhouses ~ naturally centers of disease — Preventive methods — General suggestions — Summary. Eeport upon the present knowledge of the tapeworms of poultry. B. A. I. Bui. No. 12, pp. 9-79, illus. 1896. The flukes aud tapeworms of cattle, sheep, and swine, with special reference to the inspection of meats. B. A. I. Bui. No. 19, pp. 11-136, illus. 1898. Stiles, Charles Wardell, aud Albert Hassall. The color of a host and its relation to parasitism. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 265,266. 1892. A revisioa of the adult cestodes of cattle, sheep, and allied animals. B. A. I. Bui. No. 4, pp. 134, illus. 1893. Stiles, Harvey C. Spraying for black scale in California. I. L., vol. 2, p. 146. 1889. Stohmann, F. Heat equivalent of the nutrients of food. E. S. E., vol. 6, pp. 590- 608. 1895. Stokes, Charles. Wornout lands of New Jersey. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 206-209. Stokes, John W. Eeport of the Acting Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. v-xix. Progress of agriculture— Retrogression— The politics of agriculture- Rail- roads— The wool interest— Southern affairs— Stock importation— Depart- ment operations — The seed distribution — Propagating garden The ex- perimental farm— The Chemical Laboratory — Statistics— The Department building — Finance. Stone, G. E. Vegetable physiology in agricultural colleges. O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 99-102. 1897. INDEX TO AUTHORS. . 255 Stone, J. Eemarks on cottou in Cuba. Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 295. Stone, Leonard. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.! Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 361-365. J ^ r , Stone, Richmond. Historical sketcli of national road building in the United States. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 17, pp. 7-15, illus. 1895. Stone, Roy. Eeport of Special Agent and Engineer for Eoad Inquiry. Ag.Ept. 1893, pp. 585-592. [Eeport on progress of organization of national leagues for good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 13, 14. 1893. Best roads for farms and farming districts. Y. B. 1894, pp. 501- 504, illus. Kind of road for the farmer — Maintenance of roads. [Address before National Eoad Conference, July 5, 1894.1 Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 7-9. 1894. Eeport of the Special Agent and Engineer for Eoad Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 217, 218. Cooperative road . construction. Y. B. 1895, pp. 487-492. Community of interest in road construction — National and State aid — Legis- lation favoring the cooperative system — Best road for farming districts — Use of convict labor — Cooperation necessary. Origin and work of the Darlington Eoad League. Eoad luq. Circ. No. 17, pp. 6, illus. 1895. Eoad building in the United States. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 17, pp. 45-52. 1895. Eeport of the Special Agent and Engineer for Eoad Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 195-199. Traffic of the country roads. Eoad Inq. Circ. No. 19, pp. 3. 1896. Eeport of the Special Agent and Engineer for Eoad Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 145-149. Brick paving for county roads. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 25, pp. 7, illus. 1896. Eeport of the Director of the Office of Eoad Inquiry. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 173-175. [Address before the State Board of Agriculture, Augusta, Maine, January 21, 1897.] Eoad Circ. No. 28, pp. 1-10. 1897. [Eemarks at the hearing by the Committees of Senate and Assem- bly at Albany, New York, February 25, 1897, on the Higbie State-aid road bill.] Eoad Circ. No. 28, pp. 10-15. 1897. [Eemarks at the good roads banquet at the League of American Wheelmen, Albany, New York, February 11, 1897.] Eoad Circ. No. 28, pp. 16-19.' 1897. [Address before the General Assembly of North Carolina.] Eoad Circ. No. 28, pp. 19-23. 1897. [Letter to Illinois farmers' institute,] Eoad Circ. No. 28, pp. 23-26. 1897. 256 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Stone, Winthrop E. Notes on the occurrence and quantitative estimation of the penta- glucoses in feeding stuffs. Ohem. Bui. No. Ii8, pp. 125-128. 1890. A comparison of methods for the determination of starch. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 163-166. 1894. Dietary studies at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, in 1895. O. E. S. Bui. No, 22, pp. 22. 1896. The carbohydrates of wheat, maize, flour, and bread, and the action of enzymic ferments upon starches of different origin. O. E. S. Bui. No. 34, pp. 44. 1896. Street, John Phillips. The Ulsch method in determining nitric nitrogen in complete fer- tilizers. Chem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 88, 89. 1892. Eeport on nitrogen. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 12-24. 1897. Strickney, L. D. Florida. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 59-65. Soil, climate, and productions. Strohm, John. The Oonestoga horse. Ag. Kpt. 1863, pp. 175-180, illus. Stubbs, "William C. Report on sugar analysis. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 76, 77. 1891. - Analyses of sugars. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 662-663. 1892. Analyses of molasses and sirups. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 698- 702. 1892, Analyses of confections. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 728, 729. 1892. ) 1- > I'l ) Analyses of honeys. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 769, 770. 1892. Sturtevant, E. Le-wis. Deerfoot Farm centrifugal dairy. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 629-651, illus. Sublette, George B. Pavements and roads in cities and towns. Road Inn. Bui. No 2, pp. 9, 10. 1894. ' Sudworth, George B. Forest flora of the Eocky Mountain region. For. Bui No 2 no 153-197, illus. 1889. • ^ if Additions to the forest flora of North America, and necessary changes m nomenclature of important timber species, with notes, Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 324-330. Nomenclature of the arborescent flora of the United States For Bui. No. 14, pp. 419. 1897, Sullivan, G. S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1851, p. 315. Summer, "William. The culture of the sweet potato. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 450-453. Summers, Benjamin. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp, 245-349, INDEX TO AUTHOES. 257 Siuamers, James D. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 535-537. Summers, Laurel. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Iowa.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 339, 340. SiwalloTw, G. C. Grape culture in Missouri. Ag. Ept. 1857, pp. 232-237. S-wan, Frederick. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1852, p. 130. STwaiik, J. M. The Department of Agriculture : Its history and objects. Unuum. rpt., pp. 01, 1872. S^Araustom, Robert L. [Eemarks on cotton in Samoa and other South Pacitic islands.] Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 202. Svreetser, W. S. Comparison of nitrogen determination by the Kjeldahl method — distilling with and without potassium sulphide. Chem. Eul. No. 49, p. 25. 1897. STwenson, Magnus. Experiments with sorghum at Fort Scott. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 213- 221. Experiments with sorgham at Port Scott. Chem Bui. No. 17, pp. 5-15. 1888. Swingle, "Walter T. Treatment of smuts of oats and wheat. P. B. No. 5, pj). 8. 1891. Some PeronosporacecC in the herbarium of the Division of Vege table Pathology. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 109-130. 1892. The grain smuts : Their causes and prevention. Y. B. 1894, pp. 409-429, illus. Stinking smuts of wheat— Loose smut of wheat — Smut of barley, rye, and corn — Practical directions for treatment of seed for smut — Extra increase in yield as a result of seed treatment — Duty of seedsmen — Summary. An improved method of making Bordeaux mixture. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 365-371. 1894. Bordeaux mixture : ItS' chemistry, physical properties, and toxic effects on fungi and algae. Veg. Phys. and Path. Bui. No. 9, pp. 37. 1896. Swingle, Walter T., and W. A. Kellerman. New species of Kansas fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 11-14. 1889. New species of Kansas fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 72-78. 1889. Status of the sorghum blight. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 195-199. 1889. Prevention of smut in oats and other cereals. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 26-29. 1890. Swingle, Walter T., and Herbert J. Webber. The principal diseases of citrous fruits in Florida. Yeg. Phys. and Path. Bui. No. 8', pp. 42, illus. 1896. 21713— No. 4- 17 258 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF A6RICULTUEE. Swinton, A. H. Data obtained from solar physics and earthquake commotions applied to elucidate locust multiplication and migration. 3d Ept. Ent. Com., pp. 65-85. 1883. Stridulation in Vanessa antiopa. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 307, 308, illus. 1889. How are insect vivaria to be lighted? I. L., vol. 3, pp. 18, 19. 1890. Swoope, John M. fEeport on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 194-196. Sylvester, E. 'Ware. The osier willow. Ag. Ept. 1873, pp. 254, 255. Symons, G. J. English meteorological literature, 1337 to 1699. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 338-351. 1895. Taft, L. R. Eeport on experiments with remedies for the apple scab. Bot. Bui. No. 11, pp. 30-38, illus. 1890. Irrigation for the garden and greenhouse. Y. B. 1895, pp. 233-246, illus. The water supply — Power and maoliinery — Distribution — Reservoirs and tanks— Applying the water — Irrigation for the . garden— Irrigation for orchards — Cost of irrigating — Profits from irrigating— Irrigation for the greenhouse — Greenhouse subirrigation. Tamari, Kizo. The rice and soil culture and agricultural education in Japan. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 187-191. 1885. Taney, Charles. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 486-489. Taney, James B. [Eeport on the commerce of Belfast, Ireland.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, pp. 127-144. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, cotton, etc., tobacco, fruits, liquors, seeds. Tavean, Augustin L. Modern farming in America. Ag. Ept. 1874, pp. 280-294. The steam plow — The steam ditcher — The gang plow — The harrow — The ser- rated roller — The grain drill — The reaper — The horserake — The thrasher — The mower — The hay tedder — The horse hay sweep — The horse hayfork— The sulky corn planter— The sulky cultivator — Corn harvester — The corn husker — The cornstalk cutter — The cotton planter. Tavel, Franz von. Contributions to the history of the development of the Pyreno- mycetes. Joiir Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 53-58, 113-123, 181-184, illus. 1889. Taylor, A. O'D. Wasps in India. I. L., vol. 2, p. 113. 1889. Taylor, Alexander S. California products. Mo. Ept. 1867, pp. 56, 57. Palms, agaves, acacias, olives, jiiulberries, and almonds. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 259 Taylor, Charles W. Importance of raisiug aud feeding more cattle and sheep. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 249-288, illus. Table of meau actual weights (pounds and ounces) of the entire bodies and the different organs and parts of different descriptions of animals. Taylor, H. M. Importance of the range industry. 2d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 293-325. 1886. Condition of the cattle-range industry. 3d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 105-124. 1887. Condition of the cattle interests west of the Mississippi Elver. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 306-338. 1889. Taylor, John L. History of the Ohio company for importing English cattle. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 98-103. Taylor, N. R. Highs and lows. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 350, 351. 1897. Taylor, Thomas. Eeport on fungoid diseases of plants. Ag, Ept. 1871, pp. 110-122, illus. Mildew on the European grapevine — Diseases of the pear — Fungoid diseases of the peach tree — The mildew diseases of the lilac. Microscopic investigation. Ag. Ept. 1872, pp. 188-203, illus. Pear-tree blight — Fiji Island cotton— Onion blight and smut (Genus Pero- nospora) — Yellows of the peach — Potato blight and rot. Pear-tree blight. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 225-229, illus. Fiji Island cotton. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 317-319. Yellows of the peach. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 387-389, illus. Onion blight and smut. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 449-451, illus. Potato blight and rot. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 507-511, illus. Potato blight and rot. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 118-123, illus. Microscopic investigations. Ag. Ept. 1873, pp. 183-210, illus. Hawthorn blight — Potato blight and rot— Black knot— Orange blight- Apple speck, or rot — Onion rust. The potato rot. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 251-253, illus. Boestelia lacerata and JScidium laoeratwn. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 431-433, illus. [Orange disease in Florida.] Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 588-594. Black knot— Onion rust. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 52-54, illus. Microscopic observations. Ag, Ept. 1874, pp. 161-178, illus. [Apple rot.] Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 228-231. [The potato rot.] Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 273-275, illus. The cranberry rot and scald. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 439-449. Black knot of plum and cherry trees. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 514-519, illus. Cranberry rot and scald. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 42-44. Continued from October. 1874. 260 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Taylor, Thomas — Continued. Microscopic observations. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 187-206, illus. Cellulose and starch — Criinberry rot and scald — Black knot. Bacterium. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 316-319. I Report of New Jersey Cranberry Association, September 9, 1875.] Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 445-448. Microscopic observations. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 45-49, illus. On cranberry rot, etc. — Ulmic compounds, or peaty matter — Insects injurious to cranberries — Penicillium glauciim. Microscopic investigation. Ag. Ept. 1876, pp, 74-86, illus. Mushrooms — Microscopic Centennial collection of fungi — Phylloxera — Eucalypti. Microscopic observation. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 196-198, illus. Cellulose and starch in plants and animals. (Continued from July, 1875.) Cranberry rot— Black knot. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 350-383, illus. Goniomycetes ustilaginci. Mo. Ept. 1876, p. 413, illus. Grape mildew and rot. Mo. Ept. 1876, pp. 464-466. Cranberry culture in New Jersey. Ag. Ept. 1877, pp. 569-576. Soil — Savanna soil — Grasshoppers; — Irrigation and liming — Fertilizers — Natural cranberry bogs — Storing cranberries — Coloring 'wild berries — Cranberry vines — Sulphuring ^'iucs — Solar heat — Pine stumps — Profitable cultivation of peat lands. Eeport of the IMicroscopist. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 89-108, illus. Miscellaneous work — Textile fibers — Parasites in domestic fowls — Fungi — Tests of liutter and other fats— Examination of butter and its substi- tutes — To sejiarate butter crystals — Mounting butter crystals — Chemical test for butter, oleomargarine, and butteriue — How to detect the crystals of lard by the naked eye — Edible mushrooms of the United States. Eeport of the Microscopist. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 139-145, illus. Miscellaneous work — The physiological action of borax — Arrangement of microscope, etc. — Crystalline formations of butter — Crystals of fats — How to mount crystals of fats— Beef fat — Oleo — Neutral lard — Oleomar- garine — The Buusen filter pump — Cottonseed oil used in oleomargarine — Bennc oil— Peanut oil — Butter tests corroborated. Eeport of the Microscopist. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 617-625, illus. Miscellaneous work— Special breeds of cattle in relation to butter crystals- Oleomargarine and butteriue— Use of terms— Oleo— Stearine— Stearic acid — Commercial stearine — Condition of fats in health and disease — List of persons submitting samples of butter, fats, oils. Eeport of the Microscopist. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 559-564, illus. Black pepper— White pepper— White mustard seed— Black mustard seed— Cloves— Allspice— Cinnamon— Color reactions of fats and oils and fluores- cence— A new pocket polariscope (oleouiargariscope). Eeport of the Microscopist. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 191-200, illus. Tea and its adulterations— Original microscopic investigations— How to de- tect stone cells in the ten leaf— Olive oil and lard, and their adulterants— Origiuiil investigations relating to color reactions. Eeport of the Microscopist. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 361-374, illus. The silver teat for the adulterations of lard and oils— How to detect ficti- tious lard— Silver test for olive oil -Mushrooms of the United States- Eight edible mushrooms of the United States— Mushroom culture— Arti- ficial iimshroom spawn— Twelve poisonous mushrooms— Butter and fats- Original microscopist investigations. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 261 Taylor, Thomas — Continued. Report of the Microscopist. Ag. Rpt. 1891 , pp. 415-416, illus. Improved methods of distinguisliiug betwecu pnio and fictitious lard — Adul- terated coftee — Four edible mushrooms of tlid United States^Mushioom culture — Glossary of terms used in describing mushrooms — Mechanical devices perfected during the year. Eeport of the Microscopist. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 281-292, illns. Work of the year — Edible and poisonous mushrooms — Culin.ary preparation of certain edible mushrooms — Detection of poisonous mushrooms by moans of a silver spoon, onions, etc. — Three edible mushrooms — Amanita— Lepi- ota — Cortinarious — The volva — The mushroom veil — Jlushroom gills — Mushroom spores — Silver nitrate test for oils— Crystallization of oils or other acids. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Microscopy. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 297-302, illus. Work of the year — A mushroom herbarium — Microscopical investigations — Investigation of the cotton staples of the United States — Measurement of cotton fibers — Four edible mushrooms — Bnssida viresoens — Coprinus coma- tits — Marasmins oreades, "fairy ring uuishroora" — Agaricus — Crystalliza- tion of seed-oil fats and animal fats — Chaulmugra fat — Cocoauut oil — Carapa, or "crab" oil fat — "Palm-oil" fat — Animal fats. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Microscopy. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 195, 196. Taylor, "William A. Eeport of the Assistant Pomologist. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 277-296, illus. Office work — The fruit crop of the year — Climatic conditions— Apples aud pears — Peaches, plums, and small fruit— Grapes— Oranges and lemons — Figs — Exhibit of the Division at the World's Fair — Uncertainty of varietal names of fruits — Seeds, plants, and scions received aud distributed— ^pple — Plum — Cherry — Fig — Australian fruit and nut trees— Miscellane- ous — Promising new fruits — Apple — Pears — Quince — Peach — Plums — Cherry — Grape — Raspberry — Semitropical fruits— Kaki— Orange — Wild fruits — Persimmon — Papaw — Nuts — Almond — Chestnuts — European hazel — Shagbark — Pecans— Black walnut. Small-fruit culture for market. Y. B. 1895, pp. 283-294, illus. Choice of location— Preparation of soil— Manuring— Planting and cultiva- tion — Pruning and winter treatment — Varieties for market — Selection of plants — Harvesting and marketing — Strawberry — Blackberry — Rasp- berry — Current and gooseberry. Tein, M. von. Eegimen of the Ehine region: High- water phenomena and their prediction. W. B. Bui. IsTo. 2, pt. 1, pp. 117-121. 1894. Teller, George L., and P. W. WoU. Eeport on analysis of cattle foods. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 122-135. 1893. Terne, Bruno. On sources of errors in the determination of potash. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 150-152. 1891. The availability of nitrogen in mixed fertilizers. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 40-43. 1893. Thaxter, Roland. Fungi described in recent reports of the Connecticut Experiment Station. Jour. MycoL, vol. 7, pp. 278-280. 1893. 262 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTDEE. Thayer, E. H. [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 63-69. 1893. Going in debt for good roads. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 26, pp. 5. 1897. Thomas, Cyrus. Notes ou the agriculture of northern Colorado. Mo. Ept. 1869, pp. 284-296. The Denver district — Soil — Climate — Cereals — Other productions — Fruits — Stock raising — Irrigation — Fencing — Obstacles and drawbacks — Remarks by Mr. Miles. Notes on the agriculture of Colorado and New Mexico. Mo. Ept. 1869, pp. 370-381. Agricultural resources of Wyoming Territory and of Utah. Ag. Rpt. 1870, pp. 548-569. Laramie plains — The Sweetwater region — The easi;ern plains — The Wind River district — The Great Salt Lake basin — Salt Lake basin proper- Utah Lake Valley — Rush Valley — Sevier River basin — Climate and pro- ductions. Agricultural topography and resources of Montana Territory. Ag. Ept. 1871, pp. 131-448. The northwestern section — Southern section — Northern section — Southeast- em section — Stock raising, climate,. etc. Thomas, Fr. Cranberry leaf galls. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 279, 280. 1889. Thomas, John J. Fruit culture. Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 82-101. Fruit as an article of food and as an article of comfort and luxury — The value of food for market — Transplanting — Preparation of soil — Cultiva- tion and mulching — Selection and particular treatment of different fruits — Apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot, cherry, grapes, small fruit garden, strawberries, currants, and raspberries — Raising fruit for market. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 208-210. Grafting and budding. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 315-328, illus. Theory of grafting — Operation of grafting — Modes of grafting — Budding or inoculation — Stocks for fruit trees. Farm implements and machinery. Ag. Ept. 1 862, pp. 410-423, illns. Culture and management of forest trees. Ag. Ept. 1864, pp. 43-53. Shelter to the land— Modes of planting— Planting the seed and cultivation- Planting the seed— Depth for planting seed— Thinning out plantations- Adaptation of species to soils— Mixture of diiierent species— The result of experiments— Quantity of timber obtained and age for cutting. Thomas, W. R. Agricultural statistics of Colorado. Mo. Ept. 1869, pp. 296, 297. Thompson, E. H. Notes on Tasmania Coccinellidte. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 11, 12. 1893. Thompson, George F. Index to the annual report of the Department of Agriculture for the years 1837 to 1893, inclusive. Pubs. Bui. No. 1, pp. 252. 1896. ' Eeport of the Superintendent of the Document Eoom. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 33-35, 61-89. Synoptical index of the reports of the Statisti(;ian, 1863 to 18G4. Pubs. Bui. No. 2, pp. 258. 1897. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 263 Thompson, G. W. [Report ou farm crops, etc., iu Louisiana.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 398, 399. Thompson, John. Effects of the presence of a few drops of nitric acid in the acid digestion of soils. Ohem. Bui. No. 47, p. 49. 1896. Thompson, J. C. On the culture of sweet potatoes at the North, and the mode of preserving them through the winter, Ag. Rpt. 1862, pp. 220, 221. Plants or slips — Planting the ground — Planting ou sod — Setting the plants — After treatment — Gathering and preserving. Thompson, J. J. TheFlorida " horse leech." 10th and 11th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 97, 98. 1896. Thompson, R. O. The native fruits of the far West. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 207-^209. ' G-rape-growing at the West. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 115-118. Botany and agriculture of the Eocky Mount basins. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 125-131, ilhis. Thompson, TV. J. Brown coal and wood char in the filtration of cane juices and sirups. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 268-281. Brown coal and wood char in the filtration of cane juices and sirups. Chem. Bui. No. 17, pp. 99-112. 1888. The tropical sugar-cane borer in Louisiana. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 289, 290. 1890. Thompson, Zodock. - [Eeport on farm crops and meteorology in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 494, 495. Thomson, A. M. Tree culture on the Western Plains. For. Bui. No. 5, pp. 45-50. 1891. Thomson, John. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Vermont.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 659-661. Thorne, C. E. * The preparation of experiment station reports for popular use. Misc. fSpl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 93-97. 1885. Pot or box versus plat experimentation. O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 3, pp. 81-87. 1891. How can we increase the attendance of station officers at our annual conventions ? O. E. S. Bui. No. 20, pp. 61-63. 1894. Thornton, C. C. Character of swine plague in the Southwest. Spl. Ept. No. 22, pp. 84^89. 1880. Thornton, James, jr. . , . td t iqki [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 238, 239. 264 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. Thornton, James, jr.— Continued. [Keport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Kpt. 1»52, pp. 223, 224. Throckmorton, Mary B. [Reasons for cultivating flowers.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 60, 61. Thurston, R. H. _ . Education in mechanical engineering and the mechanic arts. O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 111-116. 1897. Tilden, L. L. High farming as illustrated in the history of the Netherlands. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 527-537. The Netherlands as an agricultural example— Dikes and drainage— Draining of Harlaam Lake— Social and agricultural progress— Dairies— Fuel re- sources—Statistics of production— Education and morals. lillo, Alexis de. Magnetic survey of Europe and Asia. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 265-469. 1895. Tillotson, S. Sugar cane: Its culture in Louisiana. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 910, 911. Tilton, G. "W. Importance of spark-arresters. For. Bui. No. 1, pp. 136, 137. 1887. Tlnelli, L. VT. Culture of the olive. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 461-462. Tipton, J. C. [Address on road improvement.] Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 20, 21. 1894. Tisserand, E. An ideal department of agriculture and industries. Y. B. 1896, pp. 543-554. Necessity for a department of agriculture — Fundamental principles of a f,;' department of agriculture — Methods of control in France — Encourage- f ment of priTate agricultural schools — Cooperative agricultural experi- ments — The scope of a department of agriculture — Functions of an Irish department of agriculture — Divisions of ministry of agriculture — Qualifi- cations of a minister — Qualifications of heads of divisions — Consultative bodies — Permanent scientific counselors — Councils of agriculture, arts, and manufactures — Permanent technical committees. Tod, John G. Movement for good roads in Harris County, Texas. Eoad Inq. Bui. No. 15, pp. 18-20. 1895. Todd, S. Edwards. Improved farm implements. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 225-228, illus. Labor-saving implements — Agricultural dynamics — The natural gait of ani- mals — Variable velocity — The correct velocity for machinery — Heavy vs. light implements — Suggestions about the weight of implements — Fly- wheels and toothed-wheels — How much is a day's work — Agricultural engineers — Inventing labor-saving implements — Stnnip and rock ma- chines — Circulaj- wood-sawing machines — Ditching machines — Plows and scarifiers — Potato planters and diggers — Machines for sowing fertilizers — Seed planters — History of mowers and reapers — Improved implements for handling hay— Thrashing machine — Chafling fodder and fodder cutters— Corn-husking machinery^Cider and wine mills— Improved churns. Practical notes on underdraining. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 584-600, illus. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 265 Togno, Joseph. North Carolina grapes. Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 48-51. ToUens, B. The nitrogen-free extract of plants and feeding stuffs. E. S. E., vol. 8, pp. 641-661. 1897. Torrey, John. Notice of several indigenous plants suitable for hedges. Ag. Kpt. 1857, pp. 239-243. Tosi, P. Agriculture in Alaska. Ept. Stat. 1893, pp. 75-77, map. Townsend, C. H. Tyler. Some Michigan notes recorded [entomological]. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 42-44. 1889. Ghilo saccharaUs in Xew Mexico. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 24, 25. 1891. A note on the white grub of Allorhina. I. L., vol. 4, p. 25. 1891. Notes of interest [entomological]. I. L., vol. 4, pp. 26, 27. 1891. Biologic notes on New Mexico insects. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 37-40. 1892. The possible and actual influence of irrigation on insect injury in New Mexico. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 78-81. 1892. Further notes on the cottontail bot, with breeding and identifica- tion of the fly. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 317-320. 1893. On the injurious and other locusts of New Mexico and Arizona. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 29-32. 1893. Dipterous parasites in their relation to economic entomology. T. L., vol. 6, pp. 201-204. 1893. Eeport on the Mexican cotton-boll weevil {Anthonomus grandis) in Texas. I. L., vol. 7, pp. 295-309, illus. 1895. Description — Life liistory find habits — Parasites and probable enemies — Present spread in Texas — Method of its importation — Amount of damage caused by it iu Texas— Remedies necessary to exterminate it — Accessory remedies — Fallacious remedies — Quarantine and prohibitive measures against new importations — Isolation of our cotton region from that of Mexico — The serious aspect of the question as it affects the cotton market — Concerted action and compulsory legislation. Eeport of a trip to investigate insects of economic importance in Mexico. Ent. Bui. No. 4, t. s., pp. 9-25. 1896. Tracy, S. M. Experiments on the boUworm injuring tomatoes. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 141, 142. Eeport of an Investigation of the grasses of the arid districts of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. Bot. Bui. No. 6, pp. 5-29. 1888. Mississippi Experiment Station. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 378-383. Orchard grass {Dactylis giomerata) — Rescue grass {Brnmns unioloiAea) — Water grass (Paspalum diUtattim) — Carpet grass (P. platycmUe) — Terrell grass (Elymns virginicua) — Texas blue grass (Foa arachnifera) — Red top [Agroiis vulgaris) — Crab grass {Panicum sanguinale) — Bermuda (Gynodon dactylon) — Johnson grass {Sorghum halepense) — Alfalfa {Medicago aativa) — M.ei\i\otviB {Melilotiia alba) — Mexican clover {Biehardsonia acaira) — Timothy (Phleum pratenae) — Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratenaia) — Meadow foxtail (Alopecurua pratensis) — Tbe Ray grasses {Loliuma) — Red clover {Tri/oUum nratenae). 266 U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Tracy, S. M. — Continued. Cooperative branch stations in the South. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 344-351. Colorado blue-stem (Agropyrum glauoum) — Japanese rye (_A. japonicum) — Australian blue grass (Andropogon m-ianthoides) — Smooth brome {Bromus inermis) — Star-grass (Chloris awartziana) — Indian beard grass {Chrysopogon serrulatus) — Crested dogtail (Cynosiirus cristatus) — African millet (JEleusine coracana) — Teff {Eragrostis aiyssinioa) — Slender love-grass {JEragroatis parviflora — Everlasting grass {Eriochloa annvlata) — Teosinte (Eiehlaina luxurians) — Velvet grass {SoJcua lanatua) — Many-flowered millet {Ory- zopsis membranacea) — Mnnro grass {Paniciim agrostoides) — Par^ grass (P. barhinode) — Indian millet (P. /j-jtmerateceum)— Swamp panic (P. gib- hum) — Spreading Tpama {P. profileram) — Texas millet {P.texanum) — Blue canary-grass (Plialaris cceruleacens) — Sorghums (Sorghum vulgare) — Saoca- tone {Sporobolus airoides) — Beggar weed (Deamodium molle) — Winter vetch (Lathyrus hirautua) — Burr clover {Medicago macalata) — Crimson clover ( Trifo Hum in carnatum ) . Cooperative branch stations in the South. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 209-213. Hungarian brome {Bromiia inermis) — Teosinte (Euchlcena luxurians) — Crab grass (Panicnm sanguinale) — Cowpea {DoUclws ainenais) — Melilotus (Meli- lotus alba) — Alfalfa (Medicago aaiiva) — Hairy vetch (Vieia villosa). Descriptions of a new species of Puccinia and Uromyces. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, p. 281._ 1893. Forage plants of secondary or undetermined importance for the Southern States, and the composition of forage plants grown in the South. E. S. E., vol. 6, pp. 91-103. 1894. T Forage plants for the South. F. B. ]Sro. 18, pp. 31, illus. 1894. Cultivated varieties of cotton. O. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 197-224. 1896. Tracy, S. M., and J. B. Ellis. A few new fungi. Jour. Mycol., vol. 6, pp. 76, 77. 1890. New species of Uredinete. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, p. 43. 1891. Tratman, E. B. Russell. Metal tracks for railways. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 7-21. 1889. Patents relating to metal railway tracks'. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 36- 48. 1889. Treatment of railway ties in England. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 49-51. 1889. The relation of railways to the timber resources of the United States. For. Bui. No. 3, pp. 68-75, 1889. Ust of metal ties on railways in foreign countries and in the United States. For. Bui. No. 4, pp. 59-292. 1890. General review of the metal-track question. For. Bui. No. 4, pp. 293-325. 1890. ' ' Patents relating to metal railway tracks. For. Bui. No. 4, pp. 326- 347. 1890. ' Use of metal ties on railways in foreign countries and in the United States. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 13-143. 1894. Tabular summary of metal tracks. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 145-147. 1894. ' ^^ INDEX TO AUTHOES. 267 Tratman, E. E. Russell— Coutiuned. General review of the metal-track question. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 149-202. 1894. Historical notes [on metal tracksl. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 203-209. 1894. Wooden tie§, preservative processes, and metal tie plates. For. Bui. No. 9, pp. 211-256. 1894. Patents relating to metal railway tracks. I'or. Bui. No. 9, pp. 292- 311. 1894. Tray, Richard S. The breeds of sheep best adapted to New England, with suggestions as to their treatment. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 130-137. Trelease, 'William. [Eeport on cotton insects.] Cot. Insects, pp. 361-379. 1879. The smut of timothy {TiUetia striccformis). Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 87, 88. A spot disease of orchard grass. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 129-131, illus. Trenchard, John A. Condition and prospects of Southern agriculture. Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 447-449. Trowbridge, John. An endeavor to discover electrodynamic radiations from the sun. Mo. W. E., vol. 24, p. 409. 1896. The Eoentgen rays. Mo. W. E., vol. 25, pp. 348, 349. 1897. Trowbridge, Stephen V. R. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Michigan.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 404-406. True, A. C. Origin and development of agricultural experiment stations in the United States. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 541-547. A brief account of the experiment station movement in the United States. O. B. S. Bui. No. 1, pp. 73-78. 1889. Eeport of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 417-464. Operatious of the Office of Experiment Stations — Changes in the office force — Work of the year— Practical experiments at the agricultural experi- ment stations — The manufacture of cheese — Experiments in raising and lireeding sheep — Home-mixing of fertilizers — Barnyard manure — The rela- tion of soil moisture to crop production — Potato scab — Bean anthracnose — Crimson clover — Soja heaus — Melilotus — Vetches — Flat pea, or Lathyrus sylvesiris — Fertilizer experiments on tomatoes — Statistics of the stations — The colleges having courses in agriculture — The Wisconsin dairy school — Statistics of the colleges having courses in agriculture — Statistics of agri- cultural schools, colleges, and experiment stations. Eeport of the Director of the Experiment Stations. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 123-131. Changes in office force — Work of the year — Publications — Card index — Pub- lications in preparation — Popular record of experiment-station work — World's Fair work — Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations — Bibliographical work — Mailing lists — Seed distri- bution — Correspondence — Eeports of colleges having courses in agricul- ture — Supervision of expenditures of experiment stations — Investigation regarding the nutritive value aud the economy of foods. 268 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. True, A. C. — Continued. GaBaigre {Bumex hymenosepalus). O. E. S. Girc. No. 25, pp. 4, illiis. 1894. Description — Tannin content — ^A\'Lere grown — Culture — Preparation for market — Supply — Value. Education and research in agriculture in the United States. Y. B. 1894, pp. 81-116. Origin and development of agricultural institutions in the United States — The iirst plan for agricultural education — Washington's message to Con- gress — Agricultural fairs at Washington — Cattle shows in Massachusetts — Hindrances to agricultural education, 1810-1840 — Revival of interest in agriculture — Plans for agricultural education in New York and other States — The first agricultural college — The first Morrill Act — Origin and development of the United States Department of Agriculture— The agri- cultural experiment stations^Establishment of the OfBce of Experiment Stations — The second Morrill Act — Present status of agricultural educa- tioo and investigation in the United States — Colleges having courses in agriculture — Agricultural experiment stations — Oifiee of Experiment Stations. Eeport of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Ag. lipt. 1895, pp. 131-143. Supervision of expenditures of experiment stations — Publications — Publica- tions in preparation — Card indexes — Bibliographical work — Seed distribu- tion — Correspondence — Distribution of publications — Report of the colleges having courses in agriculture — Association of American Agricultural Col- leges and Experiment Stations — Investigations regarding the nutritive value and economy of foods. The work of the Office of Experiment Stations. O. E. S. Bui. No. 24, pp. 39-42. 1895. . Agricultural experiment stations : Their object and work. O. E. S. Bui. No. 26, pp. 16. 1895. Statistics of agricultural colleges and experiment stations. O. E. S. Girc. No. 27, pp. 18. 1895. . Agricultural education and research in Belgium. T. B. 1896, pp. 361-370. European versus American method of promoting education — General charac- teristics of Belgian agriculture— General organization of agricultural education — Agricultural schools — Experiment stations at Gembloux — Com- parative view of agricultural education in the United States. Eeport of the Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. Ag. Kpt. 1896, pp. 123-143. Supervision of expenditures of experiment stations— Experiment stations in Alaska— Publications of the office— Card indexes— Bibliographical work- Distribution of publications— Report of the colleges having courses in agriculture— Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experi- ment Stations— Nutrition investigations— Work and expenditures of agri- cultural experiment stations. Broom cord {Andropogon sorghum viilgare.) O. E. S. Girc. No. 28, pp.4. 1896. Some elements of permanency in experiment station work. O. E. S. Bui. No, 30, pp. 42-46. 1896. Work and expenditures of agricultural experiment stations. O. E. S. Girc. No. 29, pp. 4. 1896. Some features of European institutions for agricultural education. O. E. S. Girc. No. 32, pp. 7-14. 1896. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 269 True, A. C. — Continued. Statistics of laud- grant colleges and agricultural experiment sta- tions, 1896. O. E. S. Oirc. No. 35, pp. 18. 1897. Report of the Director of the Ofi&ce of Experiment Stations. Ag. Rpt. 1897, pp. 117-139. Supervision of expenditures of experiment stations -Exx)eriment stations in Alaska— Publications of the office — Card indexes — Distribution of publi- cations and seeds — Bibliographical work — Relations with American insti- tutions for agricultural education — Relations with foreign institutions for agricultural education and research — Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations — Experiment Station exhibit at the Paris Exjiosition of 1900 — Changes in the personnel of the office — Nutrition investigation. A report on the expenditures of the agricultural experiment sta- tions established under the act of Congress of March 2, 1887, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 189C. S. Doc. K"o. 137, pp. 68. 1897. A report on the work and expenditures of the agricultural experi- ment stations for the year ended June 30, 1897. O. E. S. Bui. ITo. 50, pp. 97. 1898. True, A. C, and F. H. Hall. Farmers' institutes. E. S. E., vol. 7, pp. 635-642. 1896. TrumboTwer, M. R. Notes on an outbreak of Texas fever among cattle. Uunum. rpt., pp. 208-213, in "Contagious diseases." 1883. Ergotism among cattle in Kansas. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 310-320. 1885. Outbreak of Southern cattle fever in Kansas. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 393-425. 1885. Including remarks on the following subjects: Glanders among horses; hog cholera, or swine plague; outbreak of Southern cattle fever in Butler County, Kansas. Southern cattle fever at the Chicago Union Stock Yards. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 444, 445. 1885. Texas fever — Tuberculosis — Glanders. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 452- 454. 1885. Outbreak of glanders at Miami, Missouri. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 457-460. 1885. Parasitic bronchitis among calves. 1st Ept. B. A. I., pp. 465-467. 1885. Diseases of the nervous system. Dis. Horse, pp. 181-217, illus. 1890. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Dis. Horse, pp. 219-246, illus. 1890. Tupper, Mrs. Ellen S. Bee keeping. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 458-475. Hives — Size and shape of hives — Wintering bees — Feeding bees — Artificial swarming — Swarming versus nonswarming — Uniting bees— Honey re- sources — The bee moth — The Italian bee— Changing from common to Italian bees— Subduing bees, bee-dress, etc. — Adaptation of the business to woman. Winter bee keeping. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 209-211. 270 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. Turner, G-. "W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Yirginia.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 95-97. Turner, J. B. Plan for an industrial university. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 37-44. The best mode of fencing our Western prairies. Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 445-447. Twigg, William Aug. [Eemarks on Arundinaria gigantea in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1850, p. 289. Twichell, Marshall H. [Eeport on the commerce of Kingston, Canada.] For. Mkts. Bui. 'So. 4, pp. 30, 31. 1895. Uhler, P. R. Insects injurious to vegetation. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 312-322. Hemiptera and Heteroptera of the Death Yalley Expedition. !N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 260-265. 1893. Underbill, F. S. Eeport on artesian wells. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 105-109, illus, 1890. TJnderhill, R. T. Preparations for sowing wheat. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 432-434. Underivood, Daniel K. [Eeport of the American Pomological Society for Michigan.] Ag. Ejrt. 1856, pp. 376-387. Under-wood, Lucien M. Diseases of the orange in Florida. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 26, 27. 1891. Updyke, Stephen G. Eeport on artesian wells. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 110-124. 1890. Upham, C. Artificial manures. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 144, 145. Upton, William, jr. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 116-119. Urich, F. W. Notes on some insect pests of Trinidad, West Indies. I. L., vol. 196-198. 1893. Van Buren, J. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1851 , pp. 318-322^ [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 82-85. Fruit culture at the South. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 277-280. Van Deman, H. E. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 259-276, illus. The future of the di vision— Exports versus imports— Collection and distri- bution of varieties— Summary of investigations— Orcharding in northern New England, by Dr. T. H. Hoskius. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 627-652, illus. The apple: diseases, insect depredations, and varieties — Peach, plum, orange, pomelo, kaki (Japanese persimmon), olive, date, cranberry- Propagating nut trees— Peach culture in the extreme southwest, by G. Onderdonk. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 271 Van Deman, H. E. — Continued. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Rpt..l888, pp. 565-595, illus. Fruits examined — Cabinet of records — Official visits — Investigations in for- eign countries— Onr wild fruits^Paris Exposition — Tlie apple — Varieties — Jefferies — Borovinka — Prolific Sweeting — Zolotoreii' — Bed Transparent — The pear — Wilder^Idaho — Tiie plum — Wayland — Clymau— The poach — Bid well's Early — Tiied.wa,i{j\xu6hen:y(AmeJancli,ieroblongifoHa) — Success — The pepino (Solannm guatamaleiise)—Ou.r cultivated fruits — Native and introduced — Horticulture in art — The apple (Pyrus mahis) — The pear — (P. communis) — The peach {Persica vtiliiaris) — The uectai^ine (P. vulga- risvar. laivis) — The almond (Amyydalusoominunis) — Theapricot (Armeniaca vulgaris) — The (|uiuce ( Cydonia vulgaris) — The fig (Ficws carioa) — The pome- granate (PMnicajfj-diiaittm) — The olive (O^ea europea) — The banana (i¥«sa sap'wnUim) — The medlar (Mespilus germanica) — The loquat {Eriobotrya japonica) — The guava {Psidium) — The pineapple (Ananassa sativa) — The cocoanut {Cocos nucifera) — The date {Phwiiix. daciylifera) — The orange {Citrus aurdntium) — The lemon (C limonium) — The lime (C. Umetta) — The citron (C. medica) — The shaddoct (C. accumana) — The wild orange — The cherry {Cerasus sylvestris and C. vulgaris) — The plum (Prunus) — The grape {Vitis) — Small fruits: The strawberry (j^cai/aria) — The raspberry (Bulius) The blackberry — The currant {Ribes rubrum) — The gooseberry — The cran- berry ( Vaccinium macrocarpum) — The huckleberry ( V. corymbosiim)—Th6 barberry {Berberis vulgaris) — The juneberry (Amalanchier canadensis) — The buffalo berry (Shepherdia argentea) — The black haw (Viburnum pruni- folium) — The tree cranberry ( F, opulus) — The elderberry {Sambucus canaden- sis) — The mulberry {Morns) — Thepapaw {Asimina triloba) — The persimmon {Diospyros virginiana) — The Japanese persimmon (D. Icaki) — Concluding remarks. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 433-452, illus. Procuring and distributing seeds, plants, and scions of plants — Fruits ordered from foreign countries — The Asiatic persimmon — Thefig — Asiatic poaches — The grape — The date — The citron — Native fruits — Wild fruits investi- gated — The chestnut — The plum — The currant — The apple — The pear — Grape sirup — A fruit ladder — Fruit growing in Florida — Tropical fruits — The cocoanut {Cocas nucifera)— The sapodiila {Achras sapota) — The mango {Mangifera indica) — The banana — Semitropioal fruits^The kaki — Future work. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 409-424, illus. The fruit crop — Trips of investigation — Distribution of seeds, plants, and scions of fruits— Nut culture — The pecan — The chestnut— The almond- Propagation — Native fruits— The apple— The strawberry— The grape — Tropical fruits — The pineapple — Semitropical — The kaki — The gonmi. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 379-404, illus. The fruit crop of the year — Fruit farming in southern Missouri — Strawberry culture in eastern A^irginia — The Norfolk method — Varieties — Marketing — Special investigation of the kaki in Georgia and Florida — Seeds, plants, and scions distributed — Kaki — Citron — Date — Miscellaneoiis — Fruits re- ceived for examination and identification — The guava — Meeting of the American Pomologioal Society — Scientific pomology — Commercial pomol- ogy — Miscellaneous. Eeport of the Pomologist. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 247-280, illus. The fruit crop of the year — The strawberry district of the South Atlantic coast — Florida — South Carolina— North Carolina — Fruit growing in Colo- rado — Seeds, plants, and scions distributed — Chestnut — Kaki — Orange — Miscellaneous — Promising new fruits — Apples — Kussian apples — Crab apple — Pear — Cherry— Peach — Plum— Grape — Blackberry- Gooseberry— Easpberry (black) -Raspberry (purple)— Raspberry (red)— Strawberry- Tropical and semitropical fruits— Kaki — Loquat— Oranges — Lemon- Promising wild fruit — Persimmon — Nuts— Revision of fruitnomenclature — Rules fornaming and describing fruits— A tree protector— Fruit culture in Minnesota, Wisconsin, South Dakota, aud Iowa — The fruit crop of 1892— Fruit at the fairs— Orchards visited — Experimental work — Experimental tree station at Owatonna. 272 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUEe- Van Diest, P. H. Eeport on the geological conditions of artesian basins in eastern . Colorado and New Mexico. S. Ex. Doc. No. 222, pp. 87-97, charts. 1890. Van Slyck, De Witt C. Cultivation of peppermint. Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 387-390. Van Slyke, L. L. Eeport on methods for the determination of nitrogen. Ohem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 67-79. 1892. The determination of casein in cow's milk. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. ■ 109-116. 1893. The determination of fat in cheese. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 116, 117. 1893. The determination of acidity in milk. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 117- 119. 1893. The determination of albumen ia cow's milk. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 188-192. 1894. Calculation of total solids in milk from the per cent of fat and the specific gravity, according to the formulas of Babcock, Pleisch- mann, and of Hehuer and Eichmond, compared with the gravi- metric method. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 193, 194. 1894. Eeport on methods for the analysis of dairy products. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 98-103. 1897. Van der Stok, J. P. The climate of the Malay Archipelago. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 669-672. 1896. Vasey, George. Eemarks on work of Division of Botany. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 142, 143. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1872, pp. 159-179, illus. Forest-tree culture — The jute plant (Coreliorus) — What is cundurango? — Cultivation of the cinchona — Effect of the change of climate upon the bark products in India — The black knot of plum and cherry trees. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 222-225. Liatris odoratissima — Shade and ornamental trees — Vegetation in western Kansas — Grasses for fixing a shifting soil. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 313-317. The Cottonwood tree — Our native oaks (description and geographical distri- bution). Forest tree culture. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 381-387. Cottonwood, maples, box elders, ailanthus, ash, walnut, elms, white willow, evergreens, pines, spruce (or fir), larch. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 446-449. Curious phenomenon in vegetable physiology — Rural adornment— American plants in Great Britain. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 505-507. A poisouous Rudbeekia — Potentilla frncticosa, or shrubby cinquefoil — Trees for cultivation — Experiments with forest trees in Kansas. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 34, 35. Branching palms — Potentilla fructicosa again. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 273 Vasey, G-eorge — Continued. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 115-117. Apooynnni as a fiber plant— Poisonous plants— Hardback and PoteniiUa fructicosa — Forests aud rainfall. Interesting example of fasciatiou. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 171, 172. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 247-249. Fertilization of wbeat aud other grasses — The Babylonian, or weeping, willow — Rocky Moautaiu oak. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 354-356, Supposed American origin of Biihtis idwns (the garden raspberry) — Atiemopsis californica (a new medicinal plant) — Grasses for the South and Southwest — Norway oats — Salt, or mint, weed. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 503-506. A poisonous California plant — Orchard grass— Gairi/a elliptica — Influence of the moon on vegetation — Multiplying plants by division. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1873, pp. 585-587. Bromus schraderi, or Australian oats — Aquilegia chrysantha—Furple cone flower {EcMnacea purpurea) — Fertilization of Jlowers. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 50-52. Apocynuni canniibium as a tiber plant — Nourishment of buds through the bark — De CandoUe's Prodromus — Fopulus monilifera as a shade tree — Early flowering of the jasmine. Circulation of sap — Eocky Mountain grasses. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 151-156. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1874, pp. 156-160. Grasses for the South — Plants poisonous to cattle in California. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 227, 228. Flora of Colorado — Production of gum in fruit trees. Poisonous plants [loco and rattleweed]. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 330, 331. Grasses for the South. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 379, 380. [Eemarks on Pentstemon.] Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 438, 439. Botanical notes. Mo. Ept. 1874, pp. 513, 514. The persimmon — Oxylropis lamberti {said, to he poisonous to cattle) — A valua- ble grass for the South and Southwest. [Eemarks on Xerophyllum asphodeloides.] Mo. Ept, 1875, pp. 126, 127. Forest trees of the United States. Ag. Ept. 1875, pp. 151-186. Centennial collection : MagnoUaeece, Anonacew, CapparidacecB, Canellacece, Tamariscinece, GuUiferw, Terns%omiacece, Tiliaceoe, Zygophyllacew, Zanthoxy- laeew, Simarubiacew, Burseraceai, Olacinew. Meliacece, Ilicinew, Celastrinew, Ehamnacea; Sapindacece, Anacardiacew, Vitacece, Leguminosce, Rosacea, Hama- melacew, lihizophoraceai, Combretacew, Myrtacew, Cactaceai, Araliacem, Corna- cew, CaprifoUacece, Buhiacece, Ericacew, Styracew, Cyrillacew, Ebenacew, Sapotacece, Theophrastacece, Bignoniacew, Verbenaceos, Borraginacece, Oleacew, NyctageniacecE, Pobygonacece, Lauracece, Eleagnacece, EupliorbiacecB, Urticaceai, P'latanacece, Juglandaeew, CupuUferce, Myricacew, Betulacem, Salicacew, Coniferce, Palmacece, Liliaceoe, Flora of Japan, Mo. Ept, 1875, pp. 178, 179. North American maples. Mo. Ept. 1875, pp. 313-315. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Hpt. 1876, pp. 73, 74. 21713— Ko. 4 18 274 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Vasey, George— Continued. Eeport of the Botanist on grasses. Ag. Rpt. 1879, pp. 349-359, illus. Paniemn anceps (flat-stemmed panic grass), P. agrostoidea, P. proliferum (crab grass, sprouting crab grass), P. capillare (witch grass), P. gibbum, P. diva- ricatum (cane-like panic grass), Andropogon maerourus (heavy -topped broom grass), Triticmn repens (couch grass, quack grass), Bromus saealinus (chess, or cheat), Elymus canadensis (large wild rye, lyme grass), Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue grass), Glyoeria aqxiatica (reed meadow grass), G. nervatar (nerve meadow grass), Poa compressa (wire grass, blue grass), Avena striata (wild oat grass), Danthonia spicata (spiked wild oat grass), i). compressa (compressed oat grass), Pltalaris intermedia (American canary grass), Anilwxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass), Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass), Bouteloua oUgostaehya (grama grass), Spartina cynosuroides (fresb-water cord grass), Muhlenbergia glomerata, Cinna arundinaeea (wood reed grass), Tricuspis purpurea (sand grass), Aristida purpurea (purple awned grass). Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 375-386, illus, Paspalum ovatmn, Setaria italiea (Hungarian grass), S. glauca (foxtail, bottle grass), MilUum effusam (wild millet), Alopecurus pratensis (meadow fox- tail), Phleum pratense (timothy), Agrostis vulgaris (red top), Mulilenbergia mexicana (wood grass), M. sylvatica (wood grass), Calamagrostis cana- densis (blue-joint grass), Bvchloe dactyloides (buffalo grass), Aira ccespi- iosa (hair-grass), Arrhanatherum avenaceum (meadow oat grass), Bolcus lanatus (velvet grass, meadow soft grass), Phragmites communis (reed grass), Melica mutica (melio. grass), Glyceria canadensis (rattlesnake grass), Poa alsodes, Eragrostis powoides var. megastachya, E. jiurshii, Bromus erectus (erect brome grass), Lolium perenne (rye grass and Italian rye grass), Hor- deum nodosum (barley grass, meadow barley), Elymus virginicus (wild rye grass), E. siriatus (smaller wild rye grass). Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1881, pp. 231-255, illus. Bermuda grass, wild oats (Avena fatua), Polypogon monspeliensis (beard grass), Agrostis microphylla, A. exarata (false red top),' Calamagrostis syl- vatica,, Muhlenbergia cnmata, Ericoma cuspidata (bunch grass), Stipa setigera (beard grass, bunch grass), Stipa eminens (feather grass), Aira danihonioides, Trisetum cernuum, T. subspicatum, Avena fatua, Danthonia ealifornica, .Kaleria cristata, Melica bulbosa (bulbous melic grass), M. imperfecta, Poa ealifornica (bunch grass), P. araclmifera (Texas blue grass), Distichlis maritime (salt grass, marsh grass), Festuca microstachys (small fescue grass), Elymus con- densatus (giant rye grass), Erodium cicwtarium (pin grass, alfilaria), Tri- foUuni procumbens (small yellow clover), Medicago lupulina (hop mediok, black medick), M. sativa (lucern, alfalfa). The grasses of the United States, being a synopsis of the tribes and geuera, with descriptions of the genera, and a list of the species. Spl. Ept. No. 63, pp. 47. 1883. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 83-98, Illus. Grasses of the Great Plains — The cheat question — Bermuda grass for hay — Description of grasses. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 123-136, illus. Description of loco weeds. The distribution of North American forest trees. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 5, pp. 38-43. 1884. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 63-88, illus. Description of foreign and native medicinal plauts — Notes on grasses — Fungous diseases of plauts, by F. Lamson-Scribner — The smut of timothy (Tilletia atriaformis), by William Trelease. The grasses needed for agriculture in the United States and the necessity for experiment stations. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 168-173. 1885. ' INDEX TO AUTHORS. 275 Vasey, George— Contiuued. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Rpt. 1886, pp. 6^-93, illus. History of the divisioa — Exposition work — Work with grasses — Foreign inquiries, etc. — Relation of the division to other branches of the Depart- ment — Directions to correspondents — Some native clovers — Weeds of agriculture. Eeport of an investigation of the grasses of the arid districts of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado. Bot. Bui. ISTo. 1, pp. 19, illus. 1886. Report of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 301-321, illus. Forage plants— Weeds of agriculture — Medicinal plants— Immediate influ- ence of cross-fertilization upon the fruit — Secondarj' results of pollination. A report on certain grasses and forage plants for cultivation in the South and Southwest. Bot. Bui. No. 3, pp. 63, illus. 1887. Desiderata of the herbarium for North America north of Mexico: Eanunculaceai to Eosaceaj, inclusive. Bot. Bui. No. 4, pp. 15. 1887. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 305-324, illus. Grasses and weeds — The pastoral resources of Montana— Mining and stock raising — General features in Montana — Climate — Native grasses — Con- cluding remarks. Notes on grasses. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 16, 17. 1888. Grass experiment stations. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 9-16. 1889. Botanical notes. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 18, 19. 1889. The genus Panicum in the United States. Bot. Bui. No. 8, pp. 20-39. 1889. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 377-396, illus. General statement — ^Relation of botany to agriculture — Advance of botanical science — Purpose of the Botanical Division — Uses of the herbarium — Experiment grass station at Garden City, Kansas — Noxious weeds— Shortia galacifoli — The extermination of nut grass — Florida plants — Uniola palmwi — Useful desert plants. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 375-392, illus. Introduction — ^Forage experiments — Other experiments — Herbarium — Medic- inal plants — Publications — Insecurity of the herbarium — Jlississippi Ex- periment Station — Experiment station at Garden City, Kansas — Grasses for arid districts — Noxious weeds — New fodder grasses. Notes on some Pacific Coast grasses. Oont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 265, 266. 1890-1895. Description of new or noteworthy grasses from the United States. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 267-280. 1890-1895. Description of new grasses from Mexico. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 281-285, illus. 1890-1895. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag, Ept. 1891, pp. 341-358, illus. Field work — Publications — Grass and forage experiment station at Garden City, Kansas — Cooperative stations in the West and Southwest — Cooper- ative branch stations in the South — Characteristic vegetation of the desert region from western Texas to central Arizona — Two weeds new to the United States. Plates and descriptions of the desert region of western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California. Bot. Bui. No. 12. 1891. 276 V. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. Vasey, George — Continnecl. Eeport of the Botanist. Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 201-214, illus. Work of the year— Field -work— Office work— PnWieations— Experiments on grasses and other forage plants— Investigation of weeds— The grass experiment station of the Department at Garden City, Kansas— Report of Dr. J. A. Sewell— Grasses— Other forage plants— Grains-Experiments on evaporation — Tree planting— Mode of cultivation — Cooperative branch stations in the South— Hungarian brome- (Bromms inerwws)— Teosinte {Euchlcena luj-Hriaiis)—CTah grass (Panicum 8anguinale)—CowTpea. (DoUchos siwerasjs)— Melilotus (Melilotus aZ6a)— Alfalfa (Medicago saiwa)— Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa) — The Russian thistle. Plates and descriptions of the grasses of California, Oregon, Wash- iugton, and the Northwestern coast, including Alaska. Bot. Bui. No. 13, 1893. Vasey, George, and Peter Collier. Eeport of the Botanist and Chemist on grasses and forage plants. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 157-194, illus. Panicum texanum (Texas millet), P. crusgalli (barnyard grass, oock's-foot grass), P. sanguinale (crab grass), P. virgatum (tall panic grass, switch grass), P. fiUforme (slender crab grass), P.jumentorum (Guinea grass), P. oMusum (obtuse flowered panic grass), Cynodon daetylon (Bermuda grass, wire grass), Eleusine indica (crowfoot, yard grass, dog's-tail), Dactylocten- ium mgypliaoum (crowfoot grass), Tripsaeum daetyloides (grama grass), Sorghum halapeme (Johnson grass, false Guinea grass), Sorghum nutans (Indian grass, wood grass), BromuB imioloides (Schrader's grass, rescue grass), Bromus carinatus (California brome grass), Andropogon aooparius (broom grass, broom sedge), Hierochloa horealia (Vanilla, or Seneca grass), SparohoUis indicus (smut grass), Agrostis exarata (Northern redtop), Poa serotina (fowl meadow grass), P. pratensia (Kentucky blue grass), Tricuspis seslerioides (tall redtop), Pasp'alum Iwve (water grass), Muhlenbergia diffusa (dog-seed, nimble Will), Leptoehloa muoronata (feathergrass), Setaria setosa (pigeon grass, bristle grass), TJniola latifolia (wild fescue). Forage plants : Lespedeza striata (Japan clover )j Desmodium (tick seed, beggar-lice), Bicli- ardsonia scabra (Mexican clover) — Nutrition of plants and animals — Method of analysis of grasses — Analysis of the ash — Glossary of terms used in describing grasses. Vasey, George, and J. N. Rose. Plants from southern California. Oont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 1-8. 1890-1895. List of plants collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in lower California in 1889. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 9-28. 1890-1895. List of plants collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in lower California and western Mexico in 1890. Cont. Nat. Herb., vol. 1, pp. 63-90. 1890-1895. Veeder, M. A. An international cipher code for correspondence respecting the aurora and related conditions. W. B.Bul.No. 2, pt. l,pp. 26-29. 1894. Periodic and nonperiodic fluctuations in the latitude of storm tracks. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 185-192. 1894, Veitch, F. P. The amount of washing required to remove the phosphoric acid ren- dered soluble by digestion with ammonium citrate at 65" 0. Chem. Bui. 49, pp. 73, 74. 1897. Vettin, . The study of the upper atmosphere by means of 'cloud observa- tions. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 3, pp. 758-768, illus. 1896. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 277 Viala, Pierre, and P. Lamson-Scribner. Black rot {Lmtadia bidirellii). Bot. Bui. TSTo. 7, j)p. 29. 188S. Voorhees, E. B. Eeport on determination of nitrogen. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 11-17. 1890. The Gunning- Kjeldalil metliod and amodiflcutioii applicable in the presence of nitrates. Chem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 85-87. 1892. Commercial fertilizers: Composition and use. F. B. No. 44, pp. 24. 1896. Food and nutrition investigations in New Jersey in 1895 a,nd 1896. O. E. S. Bui. No. 35, pp. 40. 1896. Irrigation in New Jersey. O. E. S. Bui. No. 36, pp. 27-64, illus. 1897. Need of irrigation in New .Jersey — Amount of water necessary — Storage of water — Seepage, or return water — Cost of irrigation — Area capable of being watered by gravity — Irrigation by pumping — Irrigation by wells- Water meadows — Total area irrigable — Estimated cost of irrigation and suggestions for small plants — Use of irrigation in New Jersey— Methods and results — Possibility of pumping large quantities of water from wells for irrigating purposes — Irrigation experiments in New Jersey. Should milk be sold on the basis of quality? O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 91-93. 1897. Voyle, Joseph. Experiments upon scale insects affecting the orange. Bnt. Bui. No. 1, pp. 19-30. 1883. Eeport on the effects of cold upon the scale insects of the orange in Florida. Ent. Bui. No. 4, pp. 70-73. 1884, Voyles, D. W. Investigation of swine plague. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 421-432, illus. Prevalence of tiie disease — Symptoms of the disease — Duration of the dis- ease—Pathology of the disease — Diagnosis of the disease — Its cause — Food — Water — Cleanliness — The disease as affecting different breeds — Re- currence of the disease — Hereditary effect of the diseasa — Prevention of the disease — Treatment of the disease. Investigation of swine plague. Spl. Ept. No. 12, pp. 112-123, illus. 1879. Vuyst, P. de. Agricultural associations in Belgium. E. S. E., vol. 9, pp. 3-21. 1897. ■Wade, Anders'on. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 224-226. "Wagner, S. Statistics of bee-keeping. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 272-281. Hives — Honey— Wintering bees — Foul-brood — The disease of 1868— Bee pasturage. ■Wahl, Robert. Indian corn (or maize) in the manufacture of beer. Unnum. rpt., pp. 21. 1893. Wait, Charles B. Dietary studies at the University of Tennessee in 1895. O. E. S. Bui. No. 29, pp. 31. 1896. 278 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ■Wait, Robert E. "Work of the Department of Agriculture as illustrated at the Atlanta Exposition. Y. B. 1895, pp. 503-522, illus. ■Waite, Merton B. Description of two new species of Peronospora, Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 105-109, illus. Experiments with fungicides in the removal of lichens from pear trees. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 264-268, illus. 1893. Treatment of pear leaf-blight in the orchard. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 333-338, illus. 1894. The causes and prevention of pear blight. Y. B. 1895, pp. 295-300. The pollination of the pear flowers. Veg. Path. Bui. No. 5, pp. 110, illus. 1895. Waldo, Frank. Some remarks on theoretical meteorology in the United States, 1855 to 1890. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 2, pp. 317-325. 1895. Walker, Philip. The Serrell automatic silk reel. Ent. Bui. No. 14, pp. 52-59, illus. 1886. Silk culture : Eeport of the year's operations. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 115-122. Silk culture — ^report of the year's operations. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 111-123, illus. Distribution of silkworm eggs — Production of cocoons in the United States in 1888 — Co-operating organizations — Apparatus for washing silkworm eggs — Scientitlc testing of cocoons — Apparatus for making the above tests — Indicator oven for drying cocoons — Caliper for measuring cocoons— The Blauo cocoon volumeter— Reel for testing cocoons — Purity of race among silkworms. Notes on the tenacity, elasticity, and ductility of raw silk. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 309-312. 1889. The serimeter. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 333-338, illus. 1889. The Cecropia silkworm again. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 28, 29. 1889. A contribution to the history of Theophila mandarina. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 270-272. 1889. Eeport of the Chief of the Silk Section. Ag. Ept. 1889, pp. 453-476. Automatic silk reels — Distribution of silkworm eggs — The cocoon crop of 1889 — Stations for the purchase of fresh cocoons — Rearing silkworms at Washington — Independent organizations — Investigations in Europe — The use of osage orange iu Europe — Mulberry trees — European sericultural stations — European silkworm egg producers — The Serrell automatic silk reel — Notes on sericulture in France, Italy, and Hungary — The world's production of reeled silk — Report on the chemical analyses of osage orange. Eeport of the Chief of the Silk Section. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 265-267, illus. Automatic silk reels — Proposed legislation for the encouragement of silk culture — Distribution of silkworm eggs — The cocoon crop of 1890 — Vari- eties of cocoons — The pruning of mulberry trees. Eeport of experiments [in silk culture] made in the District of Columbia. H. Ex. Doc. 110, pp. 2-9. 1890. The grasserie of the silkworm. I. L., vol. 3, pp. 445-451, illus. 1891. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 279 ■Wallace, Henry. Flax in Ireland. Fiber Rpt. No. 4, pp. 47-52. 1892. Flax in Belgium. Fiber lipt. No. 4, pp. 52-54. 1892. Wallace, Paul. A note on silk culture. I. L., vol. 4, p. 64. 1891. Wallace, Samuel Jacob. [Report of the American Pomological Society for Illinois.l Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 397, 3l)8. Wcdlace, Shippen. Analyses of sugars. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 664, 665. 1892. Analyses of confections. Ohem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, p. 730. 1892. Analyses of honey, Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 771, 772. 1892. ■Walsh, John Carroll. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Maryland.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 266-269. ■Walsingham, Lord. Steps toward a revision of Chamber's index, with notes and descrip- tions of new species. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 81-84. 1888. Description of a new Tortricid from California. I. L., vol. 3, p. 465. 1891. Warner, ■William D. [Report on the commerce of Cologne, Germany.] For. Mkts. Bui, No. 2, pp. 42-46. 1895. Cereals, lard, butter, meat products, fruits, raw cotton, tobacco. "WaxA, H. Marshal. Smut fungi. Jour. MycoL, vol. 5, pp. 87-90. 1889. "Ward, Robert De C. A winter barograph curve from the South Pacific Ocean. Mo. W. R., vol. 25, pp. 484, 485, illus. 1897, ■Warder, John A. The wine culture of the United States, Ag, Rpt, 1856, pp. 408-428. illus. Character of the soil' — Position — Preparation of the soil — Drainage — Laying oft" — Planting — Roots, plants, and cuttings — The nursery — Diseases — Mannring — Varieties of grapes — Wine making. Raspberry culture, Ag, Rpt, 1861, pp. 165-174. Tender varieties — Ever-bearing or autumnal-bearing varieties — The soil and its preparation — Planting — Culture. Strawberries. Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 175-189. History — Preparation of the soil — Trenching — Manures — Mulching — Loose earth — Planting — Duration — Grape culture— Irrigation — Forcing — Prod- uce and profits — The botanical classification — Sexual characters. The pear orchard, Ag. Rpt. 1861, pp. 232-251. Selection of trees — Digging — Site and soil — Preparation of the soil — Plant- ing — Culture — Trimming — Summer pruning and its objects — Root prun- ing — Disbudding, thinning the fruit — Gatlieriiig and ripening — Uses — Selection of varieties — The healthiness of the variety — Diseases. "Warder, J. Morrison. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, pp. 176-179. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Ohio,] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp. 453-45fy, 280 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Warder, J. T. Mule raising. Ag. Rpt. 1863, pp. 180-190, illus. Treatment— Breaking— Statistics — Table showing the number of mules and asses in the United States. Warder, 'William. On the manufacture of flour. Ag. Ept. 1862, pp. 423-429. Waring, William G. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept, 18.51, pp. 241-244. Warington, Robert. Six lectures ou the investigations at Eothamsted Experiment Sta- tion delivered under the provisions of the Lawes Agricultural Trust. O. E. S. Bui. No. 8, pp. 113, illus. 1892. The Rothamsted Experiment Station — The circumstances which determine the rise and fall of nitrogenous matter in the soil — Nitrification — Nitrifi- cation and denitrificatiou — Nitrification of soils and manures — Drainage and well waters. Warner, Wendell C. [Eeport on the commerce of Tunstall, England.] For. Mkts. Bui. No, 1, pp. 72-75. 1895. Animals, cereals, dairy products, meats, fruits, liquors, seeds. Waterhouse, S. Jute culture. Ag. Ept. 1876, pp. 289-295. Eeport ou jute culture and the importance of the industry. Unnum. rpt., pp.21. 1883. Watkins, James L. Production and price of cotton for one hundred years. Stat. Misc. Bui. No. 9, pp. 20. 1895. Watson, Gr. C. Fowls : Care and feeding.^ F. B. No. 41, pp. 24, illus. 1896. Watt, R, [Eeport ou-farm crops, etc., in Indiana.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 423, 424. Watts, Frederick. The Pennsylvania barn. Ag. Rpt. 1864, pp. 289-298, illus. Letter relative to inventory and accounts of the property of the United States in the public buildings and grounds. H. Ex. Doc. No. 17, pp. 2. 1871. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1871, pn. 1-12. ' Deterioration of wheat. Mo. Ept. 1871, pp. 465-468. Letter transmitting a list of the articles purchased and disposed of by the Department since the inventory of December 1, 1871. H. Ex. Doc. No. 34, pp. 2. 1872. Eeport of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1872, pp. o—8t Forests and the public lands. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 65-68. Southern planting and Northern farming. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 207-211. ■ i r 1-1 Deterioration of cotton and sugar cane. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 211-214. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 281 Watts, Frederick — Continued. Epizootic among swine. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 214, 215. Address at Minnesota State Fair, September 19, 1892. Mo. Rpt. 1872, pp. 347-352. ^ Agricultural implements. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 352-357, illus. Northern and Southern farming. Mo. h'pt. 1872, pp. S59-361. A letter addressed to Harry Hammond, serrotary Beech Island Farmers' Club, Augusta, Georgia, followed by a reply signed Ijy Paul F. Hammond, William Pinkney Starke, and William H. Atkinson, and a second letter by Mr. Watts. Cultivation and hybridizing wheat. Mo. Rpt. 1872, pp. 432-434. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1873, pp. 5-14. Deterioration of American cotton. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 253, 251. The osier willow. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 419-426, illus. Importance of judicious selection of seed. Mo. Rpt. 1873, pp. 553-556. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1874, pp. 5-14. Suggestions. Mo. Rpt. 1874, pp. 38-43. The Agricultural Department — Agricultural education — Farm fences. Blackleg among cattle. Mo. Rpt. 1874, pp. 157, 158. Lime and its use. Mo. Rpt. 1874, pp. 449-451. Report of the Commissiouer of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1875, i^p. 7-16. Centennial address. Mo. Rpt. 1875, pp. 440-442. Delivered upon the occasion of breaking ground for the erection of agricul- tural hall, preparatorj' to the celebration of the Centennial. The desiccation of fruits and 'vegetables. Mo. Rpt. 1875, pp. 507-509, illus. List of agricultural societies and farmers' clubs established to pro- mole the agricultural, horticultural, and xjomological interests of the farmer, on the books of the Department of Agriculture, July 4, 1876, being the Centennial year of American Independ- ence; together with a list of agricultural colleges. Unnum. rpt., pp. 63. 187C. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Ag. Rpt. 1876, pp. 7-15. Cross-breeding of grain. Mo. Rpt. 1876, pp. 191, 192. A new process of utilizing cotton. Mo. Rpt. 1876, pp. 400-402. Watts, James H. Fruit report from New Tork. Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 39-45. Watts, R. L. Onion culture. F. B. No. 39, pp. 31, illus. 1896. Weaver, Willis. Remarks on coffee and cinchona. Ag. Rpt. 1879, pp. 31-34. 282 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Webb, Wesley. Sheep husbandry in Delaware. Misc. Spl. Ept. Ko. 2, pp. 172, 173. 1883. Webb, William Making sugar from cornstalks. Ag. Rpt. 1845, pp. 921-923. Webber, Herbert J. Fertilization of the soil as affecting the orange in health and dis- ease. Y. B. 1894, pp. 193-202, illus. P'ertillzing for growth and fruit — Effect on quality of fruit — Effect on soil moisture — Effect on nitrogen — Injurious action of muck — Stable manure of doubtful utility — Mineral nitrogen — Potash fertilizers — Phosphoric iicid — Lime — Fertilization as affecting disease — Die-back — Die-back a dis- ease of indigestion — Mal-di-gomma — Insect diseases — Summary. Preliminary notice of a fungous parasite on Aleyrodes citri. Jour. Mycol., vol. 7, pp. 363, 364. 1894. The two freezes of 1894^95 in Florida, and what they teach. Y. B. 1895, pp. 159-174, illus. Record of freezes — Eitentof injury to the citrus industry — Disastrous result of the second freeze^Lessons taught by the freezes — Restoration of frozen orange groves — Damage which the freezes caused to pineapples — Extent of injury to other fruits — Extent of injury to native vegetation — Summary. The pineapple industry in the United States. Y. B. 1895, pp. 269- 281', illus. Extent of production — Development of the pineapple industry in Florida — Conditions influencing growth — Heat — Soil — Moisture— Method of cul- ture — Varieties of pineapple in Florida — Methods of propagation — Plant- ing — Methods of cultivation — Gathering and packing the fruits — Diseases of the pineapple. Influence of environment in ^he origination of plant varieties. Y. B. 1896, pp. 89-106. General remarks — Variations resulting from changed conditions — How to induce desired variation — Formation of varieties by selection. Methods of propagating the .orange and other citrus fruits. Y. B. 1896, pp. 471-488, illus. General remarks — Seedling trees — The seed bed — The use of cuttings — The nursery — ^Stocks — Budding — Grafting — Inarching. The water hyacinth and its relation to navigation in Florida. Bot. Bui. No. 18, pp. 20, illus. 1897. Webber, Herbert J., and Walter T. Swingle. The principal diseases of citrus fruits in Florida. Veg. Phys. and Path. Bui. No. 8, pp. 42, illus. 1896. Webber, Samuel. [Reports relating to crops, etc.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 350-351. [Remarks on potato disease in 1846.] Ag. Rpt. 1847, pp. 351-352. [Report on weather and crops.] Ag. Rpt. 1848, pp. 345-347. Weber, H. A. Analyses of sugars. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 666-668.. 1892. Analyses of molasses and sirups. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 703, 704. 1892. Analysesdf confections. Chem.Bul.No.lS, pt. 6, pp. 731, 732. 1892. Analyses of honeys. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 773-775. 1892. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 283 Weber, H. A., and William McPhersoii. On the determinatiou of cane sugar in the presence of commeicial glucose. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 126-135, 1894. Weber, John P. Grapevine culture and wine-making. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 506-525. Webster, C. E. Notes on the cultivation of the Japanese oak-feeding silkworm {Anther-ea yama-mai). I. L., vol. 1, pp. 273-277. 1889. Webster, F. M. Insects affecting fall wheat. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 283-293. Insects affecting fall wheat. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 311-319. Eeport on the buffalo gnats. Eut. Bui. No. 14, pp. 29-39. 1886. Insects affecting small grains and grasses. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 573-582. Eeport of experiments [entomological] at Lafayette, Indiana. Ent. Bui. No. 11, pp. 9-22. 1886. Results of various insecticides upon imported cabbage worm (Pirns rap'io«= X , ,F- West, Robert A. Fresh and salt water aquaria. Ag. Eept. 1864, pp. 446-470," illus. Weston, Eusebius. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 248-253. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Maine.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 324^130. Wetherell, Leander. The ice trade. Ag. Ept. 1863, pp. 439-449, illus. Wetherill, Charles M. Eeport on the chemical analysis of grapes. Unnum. rpt. p. 6. 1862. Eeport of the Chemist of the Department of Affriculture As- Ept. 1862, pp. 508-540. ^' Chemical analysis of grape j nice— Sorghum and impheo— Examination of the juice of the cane— Table of analyses of sorghum and imphee canes— Examination of sorghum and imphee sirup— Table of sirup analyses— Exa,mination of sugars— Table of analyses of sugars— Results of the analyses of sorghum and imphee-The sngar-The sirup— Green bastard sirup— The cane and juice— The uses of the new sugar canes- On the manufacture of sorghum and imphee sirup and sugar— Nature of beet- root .luice-Nature of sugar-cane juice— Nature of sorghum and imphee juice— The chemistry of the sugar manufacture in general. Wheaton, George W. Cultivation of fruit in northern Iowa. Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 321, 322. Wheeler, B. J. Meteorological observations at Bast Montpelier, Vermont As Ept. 1851, pp. 615-622. ^ » • &• Wheeler, H. J. Eeport on potash. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 17-25. 1894. On the necessity of tests for acidity on uplands or naturally well- drained soils. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 45-48. 1896. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 289 Wheeler, H. J., and B. L. Hartwell. The use of ammoniuin nitrate in the determinatiou of phosphoric acid. Ohem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 53, 5i. 1892. Wheeler, H. J., and A. L. Winton. Report on potash. Cheiu. Bnl. No. 47, pp. 14^23. 1896. Wheeler, William M. Note on the oviposition and embryonic development of Xiphidium ensifentm. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 222-225. 1890. Whiddeu, Edgar. [Report on the commerce of St. Stephen, New Brunswick.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 1, p. 57. 1895. White, C. A. Artesian wells upon the arid plains of the West, Ag. Ept. 1881 , pp. 26-27. White, C. A., and Samuel Aughey. Artesian wells upon the Great Plains; being the report of a geo- logical commission appointed to examine a portion of the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains, and report upon the locali- ties deemed most favorable for making experimental borings. Unnum. rpt., pp. 1-33, illus. 1882. White, Daniel L. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Florida.] Ag. Rpt. 1849, p. 147. W^hite, H. C. The manuring of cotton. O. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 169-196. 1896. What should be taught in our colleges of agriculture? O. E. S. Bui. No. 41, pp. 75-80. 1897. White, J. W. [Address on road improvement.] Road Inq. Bui. No. 10, pp. 42, 43. 1894. Whitney, Milton. Soil features that should be recognized in all plat work. O. E. S. Bui. No. 7, p. 91. 1892. Some physical properties of soils in their relation to moisture and crop distribution. W. B. Bnl. No. 4, pp. 90, illus. 1892. Rich soils of South Carolina. Stat. Misc. Rpt. No. 6, pp. 77-89. 1893. Report of the Chief of the Division of Agricultural Soils. Ag. Rpt, 1894, pp. 199-201. Soils in their relations to crop production. Y. B. 1894, pjj. 129-164, illus. Truck lauds of the Atlantic seaboard — Some essential factors of successful truck farming— Constituents of typical truck soils — Truck soils of Florida and South Carolina — Truck lands of Eastern North Carolina — Truck soils of Virginia — Truck soils of Maryland — Tobacco soils of Connecticut and Pennsylvania — .adaptation of soils to varieties of tobacco — Tobacco soils of the Connecticut valley — Tobacco soils of Pennsylvania — Conditions in soilq of the arid region — Arid and humid regions compared — Depth of soil moisture — Hot winds — Benefit of understanding soil conditions — Sub- soiling. Instructions for taking samples of soil for moisture determinations. Soils Circ. No, 2, pp. 3. 1894. 21713— No. 4 19 290 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ■Whitney, Milton— Continued. A record of the amount of water contained in soils during the mouth of May, 1895. Soils Bui. No. 1, pp- 16, iUus. 1895. A record of the amouut of water contained in soils during- the month of June, 1895. Soils Bui. Xo. 2, pp. 16, illus. 1895. A record of the amount of water contained in soils during the month of July, 1895. Soils Bui. ^"o. 3, pp. 23, illus. 1895. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Agricultural Soils. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 179-182. Eeasons for ciiltivating the soil. Y. B. 1895, pp. 123-130. Climatology and soils. O. E. S. Bui. No. 33, pp. 143-168. 1896. I Keiuarks before the Association of Ofiacial Agricultural Chemists.] Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 60, 61. 1896. JMethods of the mechanical analysis of soils and of the determina- tion of the amouut of moisture in soils in the iield. Soils Bui. No. 4, pp. 24, illus. 1896. Texture of some important soil formations. Soils Bui. No. 5, pp. 22, illus. 1896. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Agricultural Soils. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 239-242. Eeport of the Chief of the Division of Soils. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 153-157. Methods of curing tobacco. F. B. No. 60, pp. 16. 1897. Tobacco soils of the United States: A preliminary report upon the soils of the principal tobacco districts. Soils Bui. No. 11, pp. 47, illus. 1898. Whitney, Milton, and Lyman J. Briggs. An electrical method of determining the temperature of soils. Soils Bui. No. 7, pp. 15. 1897. Whitney, Milton, and Ralph S. Hosmer. A record of the amount of water contained in soils during the crop season of 1896. Soils Bui. No. 9, pp. 23, illus. 1897. Whitney, M., and C. F. Marvin. Instructions for the use of maximum and minimum thermometers. W. B. Oirc. G, pp. 8. Whitney, Milton, and Thos. H. Means. An electrical method of determining the soluble salt content of soils with some results of investigations on the effect of water and soluble salts on the electrical resistance of soils. Soils. Bui. No. 8, pp. 30, illus. 1897. Whitney, Milton, Frank D. Gardner, and Lyman J. Briggs. Au electrical method of determining the moisture content of arable soils. Soils Bui. No. 6, pp. 26, illus. 1897. Whitten, J. S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 386, 387. Whitten, J. L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Georgia.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 499- 602. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 291 "Whittle, C. L. The forces which operate to destroy roads, with notes on road stones and problems therewith connected. Eoad Circ. l^o. 29, p. 14, illus. 1897. Wiborn, Gresham. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Massachusetts.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 429-432. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 209-214. Vrickson, E. A. Dairying in California. B. A. I. Bui. No. 14, pp. 31, illus. 1896. ■Widmami, Otto. History of the, house sparrow {Passer domesticus) and the European tree sparrow (P. monUinus) at St. Louis, Missouri. O. aud M. Bul.No.l, pp. 191-194. 1889. Wiechmami, F. G-. Analyses of sugars. Ohem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 669, 670. 1892. Analyses of molasses and sirups. Ghem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 705, 706. 1892. Analyses of honeys. Chem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 6, pp. 776-778. 1892. Wier, D. B. The native plums : How to fruit them — Thev are practically curculio proof. Ent. Bui. No, 14, pp. 39-52. 1886. ■Wight, Bben. [Eeport of the Massachusetts Pomological Committee. Ag. Ept. 1856, pp. 329-332. ■Wight, R. Allan. Eoot fungus of New Zealand. Jour. Mycol., vol. 5, pp. 199, 200. 1889. The New Zealand Katipo. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 134-136. 1889. The Australian ladybird in New Zealand. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 146, 147. 1889. The Vedalia in New Zealand — Eeceut increase of Icerya. I. L., vol. 2, p. 384. 1890. The Phylloxera in New Zealand. I. L., vol. 2, pp. 384, 385. 1890. The potato tuber moth {Lita solanella). I. L., vol. 5, pj). 163, 164. 1893. Icerya purchasi and Vedalia cardinalis in New Zealand. I. L., vol. 6, pp. 194, 195. 1893. ■Wilder, Marshall E. On the fertilizers for fruit trees. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 108, 109. The production from seed of new varieties of fruits adapted to particular localities and to general cultivation. Ag. Ept. 1854, pp. 226-229. The American Pomological Society. Ag. Ept. 1870, pp. 149-153. A report of its history aud progress. 292 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUKE. Wilder, Marshall P., et al. Paris Exposition report. Ag. Ept. 1867, pp. 163-174. Culture and product of the vine— Culture of the vine in Europe— Produc- tion of white and red wines- Manufacture of wine— Varieties— Treatment of wine— Vine districts of Switzerland and Germany. Culture and products of the vine. Mo. Ept. 1868, pp. 146-156. A report to the United States Commissioner at the Universal Exposition of Pans in 1887. Wiley, H. W. Experiments with sorghum cane, 1883. Ag. Ept. 1883, pp. 423-444. The true rehitions of science to the industries and arts. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. li, pp. 32-42. 1883. Diffusion: Its application to sugar cane, and record of experi- ments with sorghum in 1883. Chem. Bui. No. 2, pp. 36, illus. 1884. The Northern sugar industry. A record of its progress duriiig the season of 1883. Chem. JBul. No. 3, pp. 118, illus. and charts. 1884. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1884, pp. 19-122. The Northern sugar industry in 1883— Importance of meteorological condi- tions for the sugar industry — Seed — Sorghum — Our own experience in Indiana — Loss of sugar m bagasse — Theory of difi'usion — Historical — Dif- fusion applied to tropical cane— Analysis of molasses — E^iperiments in Guadaloupe — Diffusion of bagasse— Diflfusion applied to bagasse — Diffusion applied to sorghum— Milk and buiiter— Report of the Assistant Chemist. Eeport of the Chemist. Ag. Ept. 1885, pp. 109-182. Honey and its adulterations — Kumys — Report on the Ottawa experiments — Work on the cereals — Soil analyses. The sugar industry of the United States : Introduction ; I, cane sugar; II, beet sugar; III, sorghum sugar; IV, maple sugar. Chem. Bui. No. 5, pp. 224, illus. 1885. Experiments with diffusion and carbonation at Ottawa, Kansas, campaign of 1885. Chem. Bui. Ko. 6, pp. 20. 1885. Methods and machinery for the application of diifusion to the extraction of sugar from sugar cane and sorghum, and for the use of lime and carbonic and sulphurous acids in purifying the diffusion juices. Chem. Bui. No. 8, pp. 85, illus. 1886. Eeport of the.Ohemist. Ag. Ept. 1886, pp. 277-358. Dairy products — Adulteration of spices and condiments, by Clifford Rich- ardson — Experiment in the manufacture of sugar from sorghum — Celery cultivated at Kalamazoo, Michigan, by Frank Little — Analyses of apples, by Edgar Richards — Examination of meat, by A. E. Knorr. Eecord of experiments at Fort Scott, Kansas, in the manufacture of sugar from sorghum and sugar cane in 1886. Chem. Bui. No. 14, pp. 64, 1887. Eeport of the Chief of the Chemical Division. Ag. Ept. 1888, pp. 221-304. Organization and equipment of the Division — Miscellaneous analyses — Sweet cassava {Jatrovlia mani/io*)- Lard and its adulterations — Properties of pure lard — Properties of lard adulterants — Preparation of cotton oil — Properties of adulterated lards — Experiments in the manufacture of sugar — Points to be considered in building a factory — Progress of diffu- sion with sugar cane — Comparisons of total solids determined bysaccha- rometer and direct drying — Summary — Abstract i'rom the report of H. A, INDEX TO AUTHOKS. 293 Wiley, H. W.— Coutinued. Hughes — Abstract from tbe report of W. C. Stubbs — Report of flubert Edson — Abstract of report of E. W. Deming — Abstract of report of E. A. de Schweinitz — Abstriut of tbe report of A. A. Deuton and C. A. Orauip- ton, Sterling Experiment Station. Eeport of the Oliemist. Ag. Rpt. 1889, pp. 135-190. Analyses of fertilizers — Production of beet sugar — Cnltivation of sugar beets — Manufacture of sugar beets — Exiieriments in tbe production of beet sugar at Medicine Lodge, Kansas — Production of sorgbnm sugar — Manu- facturing experiments — Food adulteration — Character and constitution of baking powders — Aeration of bread — Chemical aerating agents — Consump- tion of baking powders— Recent investigations — Adulteration — Classifica- tion of baking powders — The ' ' alum question " — Coniparisou of the differ- ent classes of powders in respect to tbeir relative aerating strength and the amount of residue left by each — "Domestic baking powders" — Regu- lation of the sale of baking powders— Influence of food, animal idiosyn- cracy, and breed on the composition of butter — Composition of butters sent by Prof. G. E. Morrow from the Chicago dairy show, December, 1889 — The food value of sorghum seed — Analysis of wheat and barley. Lard and lard adulterations. Cliem. Bui. No. 13, pt. 4, pp. 403- 554, nius. 1889. Eecord of experiments conducted by tlie Gomndssiouer of Agri- culture on tlie manufacture of sugar from sorghum at Itio Grande, New Jersey; Kenner, Louisiaua; Conway Springs, Douglas, and Sterling, Kansas. Chem. Bui. No. 20, pp. 102. 1889. Record of experiments in tbe production of sugar in 1889 at Cedar Falls, Iowa; Rio Graude, New Jersey; Morrisville, Virginia; Keimer, Louisiana; College Station, Maryland; and Conway Springs, Attica, Medicine Lodge, Ness City, Liberal, Arkalon, Meade, Minneola, and Sterliug, Kansas. Chem. Bui. No. 26, pp. 112. 1890. The sugar-beet industry. Culture of the sugar beet and manufac- ture of beet sugar. Chem. Bui. No. 27, pp. 262. 1890. Notes on methods of sugar analysis. Chem. Bui. No. 28, pp. 129- 1 1. 1890. Record of experiments with sorghum in 1890. Chem. Bui. No. 29, pp. 125. 1890. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1890, pp. 133-192. Studies on the separation of sugar from sorghum juices— The composition of the bodies precipitated by alcohol from sorghum sirups- Cheuiical control of sorghum-sugar factories— Attica— Operations of- the Topeka factory— Conway springs— Results at Fort Scott— Operations at Medicine Lodge- Difficulty of making sorghum sugar iu small quantities— Culture experi- ments at Sterling— Experiments with sorghum near College Park, Mary- land—Experiments at the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, Starkville, Mississippi — Experiments with sugar beets— Status of the man- ufacturing industry of beet sugar iu the United States — Analytical data collected from various localities \\here beets were grown from seed fur- nished by the Department — Character of beets delivered to the Grand Island factory — Experiments with sugar beets at Medicine Lodge — Produc- tion of seeds — Selection of "mothers" — Meteorological conditions. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1891, pp. 143-190. The use of alcohol in the manufacture of sugar from sorghum— Manufactur- ing part — Culture experiments with sorghum at Sterling — Experiments with sugar beets — Yield of beets per ton — Percentage of yield of sugar in beets in Europe compared with the results obtained at Schuyler — Growth of sugar beets iu different parts of the country — Systems of taxation and bounty — Germany — France — Austria-Hungary — Russia — Holland and Bel- gium — Sweden — Denmark — Italy — Canada — United States laws in regard 294 U. S. DEPAKTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. Wiley, H. W.— Continued. to sngar— The muck lands of the Florida peninsula— The constitution of the muck soils — Natural phosphate deposits— Use of basic slag as a fertilizer — A promising butter' adulterant— Meat preservatives — Salt — Sulphurous acid— Boric acid — Benzoic acid:— Salicylic acid (Ortho-hydroxy-benzoic acid) — Saccharin (Benzoyl sulphuric iiiiide; — Hydronaphthol— Tea, coffee, and cocoa preparations and their adulteration — Tea — General classifica- tion — Coffee adulterations of coffees — Cocoa and cocoa preparations. The food value of maize. Umium. rpt., pp. 17-21. 1891. Culture of the sugar beet. F. B. Xo. 3, pp. 24, illus. 1891. Experiments with sugar beets in 1890. Ohem. Bui. No. 30, pp. 79. 1891. Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1892, pp. 123-152. Black pepsin — Banana meal — Food adulteration — Adulteration of honey — Experiments with sugar beets — The production of seeds— Culture work — Yield — Cost of the production of one acre of beets — General distribution of seed by the Department — Experiments with sorghum — Tests of varie- ties — Experiments iu molasses making — Experiments at Medicine Lodge, Kansas — Seed-selection work at Medicine Lodge — Experiments in the cul- ture of sugar cane — Miscellaneous work. Experiments with sugar beets in 1891. Chem. Bui. jSTo. 33, pp. 90. 1892. Record of experiments with sorghum in 1891. Chem. Bui. No. 34, pp. 132. 1892. "With the collaboration of Dr. G. L. Spencer, Mr. A.A.Denton, and Mr. Wibray J. Thompson." Nostrums for increasing the yield of butter. F. B. No. 12, pp. 16. 1893. Experiments with sugar beets in 1892. Chem. Bui. No. 30, pp. 74. 1893. " With the collaboration of Dr. Walter Maxwell, assistant in charge of the Schuyler station." Record of experiments with sorghum in 1892. Chem. Bui. No. 37, pp. 100. 1893. " With the collaboration of Messrs. A. A. Denton, Glen O'Brien, C. I. Hinman, Wibray .J. Thompson, J. L, Fuelling, and Oiiia Carr." Report of the Chemist. Ag. Rpt. 1893, pp. 169-198. Work of the division at the World's Fair- Arrangement of the laboratory apparatus and fixtures — Practical tests and analyses — Beer .inalyses for jury of awards — Experiments with sugar beets— Sugar-beet seed dis- tributed—Sugar-beet analyses at the World's Fair— Unsatisfactory results of experiments — A limited distribution of high-grade seeds — Experiments at Schuyler, Nebr. — The selection of mother beets— Siloing sugar beets— Eesults — Increased weight of siloed beets— Analyses for determining sugar content— The production of seed— Yield and quality of seed— Cost of pro- ducing beet seeds— Experiments iu beet culture— Analytical data— The growth of beets at different altitudes— Unfavorable climatic conditions of Nebraska— Special experiments— General considerations — Experiments in the improvement of sorghum as a sugar-producing plant — An insect visita- tion—Temperature and rainfall— Cultural work— Comparison of different varieties of canes— Selection of seed canes — The future of the sorghum industry— The disposal of left-over seed heads— Experiments at Eunny- mede, Fla.— Capability of pine lands for growth of cane — Cane grown on sandy soils— Cane-growing in the muck soils- Cassava as a rotation crop — Tobacco culture— Prospects— Wood analyses— Tannin and tanning mate- rials—Resins in pirie trees— Analyses— Food adulteration— Added preserva- tives—The use of copper and zinc— "Vessels used — Food value and digestibility of canned goods— Purposes of the investigation — Protests of packers — Miscellaneous work. INDEX TO AtlTHOKS. 295 Wiley, H. W.— Coutinnetl. Mineral phosphates as fertilizers. Y. B. 1894, pp. 177-192, illus. ApaUtos—Coprolites— Phosphate rook— Constitnonts of phosphate rook- Direct application of phosphates— Cost of phosphatic fertilizer to the farmer— What is meant hy " available phosphoric acid "—Superphosphate, or acid phosphate— Phosphate as basic slag— Adulteration of basic-slag phosphates— Phosphates in marls— Rules for the application of phosphatic fertilizers. Experimeuts with sugar beets in 1893. Ohem. Bui. No. 39, pp. 59. 1894. " With the collaboration of Dr. Walter Maxwell, assistant in charge of the Schuyler station." Eecord of experiments with sorghum in 1893. Ohem. Bui. ISo. 40, pp.40. 1894. " With the collaboration of Messrs. Oma Carr and C. I. Hinman." Sweet cassava: Its culture, properties, and uses. Ohem. Bui. No. 44, pp. IG, illus. 1894. Eeport of the Ohief of the Division of Chemistry. Ag. Ept. 1894, pp. 151-155. Eeport of the Ohemist. Ag. Ept. 1887, pp. 181-300. Preliminary notes- Composition of American beers, wines, and ciders, and substances used in their adulteration, by C. A. Crampton — Experiments with sorghum at Fort Scott, Magnus. Sweuson — Abstract of report ou sorghum, by E. B. Cowgill — Experiments with sorghum at Rio Grande, N. J., by H. A. Hughes — Experiments with cane at Lawrence, La. — Brown coal and wood char in the tiltration of cane sirups, by W. J. Thompson — Certain plants of economic value as food for man and stock in Texas and New Mexico, by Clifford Richardson — Miscellaneous work of the division. Soil ferments important in agriculture. Y. B. 1895, pp. 69-102, illus. Vitality of the soil — Solution of soil particles — Decay of rocks at high alti- tudes — Translation of mineral matters in plants — Kinds of organisms — The^nitryfying ferments — Formation of ammonia — Production of nitrous acid — Conversion of nitrous into nitric acid — Conditions favoring nitrifi- cation — lutiuenoe of position — Effect of temperature — Action of light — Benefit of aeration — Utility of tillage — Necessity for lime — Seeding the soil with nitrifying organisms — Numbers and kinds of nitrifying organ- isms-Ferments oxidizing free nitrogen — Ferments inimical to agricul- ture — Pathogenic ferments —Use of sewage as fertilizers — The storage of nitrates — Genesis of guano — Impregnation of soils with nitrates — Proper- ties of nitrate of soda — Decomposition of sodium nitrate — Need of sodium nitrate — Consumption of sodium nitrate — Value of Chile saltpeter — Meth- ods of preserving nitrates in the soil — Absorption of nitrates by plants — Fallow fields — The supply of raw material for the action of ferments — Contributions from the ocean — Relation of different crops to fermentative activity — The relation of humus to soil ferments — Determination of the activity of soil ferments — Precautions in sampling — The culture solution — Noting the progress of nitrification — Representaiiion of the data obtained — Preparation of pure cultures — Summary. Eeport of the Ohief of the Division of Ohemistry. Ag. Ept. 1895, pp. 145-148. Number and kinds of samples received for analysis — Work done for other divisions and other departments of the Government — Investigation of food adulteration — Work for the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists — Investigation of soils — Miscellaneous work — Official advertising — Investi- gations for coming year. Analyses of cereals collected at the World's Oolumbian Exposition and comparisons with other data. Ohem. Bui. No. 45, pp. 57. 1895. 296 U. S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Wiley, H. W.— Continued. Potasli and its functiou in agriculture. Y. B. 1896, pp. 107-136. - Origin of potash — Loss of potash during weathering — Percentage of potash in feldspars — Distribution of the potash in the soil— Relative solubility of particles of different degrees of fineness — Relation oi potash to other mineral ingredients in silts of diff'erent magnitude — Distribution of potash in the soil and subsoil — Relative activity of diff'erent solvents for potash — Percentage of potash removed from soils by weak organic acids — Amount of potash in one acre— Quantity of potash withdrawn from the soil by the more important crops — Relative quantities of potash in kernels and straw — Available potash— Origin of potash deposit — Quantity of potash salts used annually — Methods of j)reparing high-grade salts — Changes in potash deposits —Composition of the principal salts — Manufactured compounds — Other sources of potash — Formula for potash fertilizers — Kind of soil ■ requiring potashfertilizers— Conditions necessary to secure the best results in the use of potash fertilizers — Lime as an adjunct of potash — Eff^ects of poor drainage- The best kinds of potash fertilizer — Injurious sajts — Pres- ervation of stall manure— The proper time and method of applying potash fertilizers — Indirect effects of jiotash sal ts — Conservation of soil moisture — Influence on decomposition of minerals — Protection.againatfrost— Retarda- tion of nitrification — Potash salts as insecticides and fungicides — Summary. Eeport of the Chief of tlie Division of Chemistry. Ag. Ept. 1896, pp. 9-U. Analytical work — Character of the work — Miscellaneous investigations — Cooperation with official agricultural chemists — Progress of the work — Publications — Recommendations. Zinc in evaporated apples. Cheni. Bui. No. 48, pp. 38. 1896. The mechanical analysis of basic phosphatic slags. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 78-80. 1897. The sugar beet: Culture, seed development, manufacture, and statistics. P. B. No. 52, pp. 48, illus. 1897. Eeport of tbe Chief of the Division of Chemistry. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. 1-5. study of typical soils — Study of foods — Cooperation of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists — Miscellaneous— Proposed work for the coming year. Wiley, John M. [Eeport on the commerce of Bordeaux, France.! For. Mkts. Bui. No. 3, pp. 40-42. 1895. Cotton and cotton-seed oil — Agricultural implements— Cereals— Domestic animals- Liquors and dairy products — Fruits — Suggestions. Wilkinsor, John. Country roads and road laws. Ag. Ept. 1868, pp. 348-366, illus. The macadamized or broken stone road— The gravel and other road beds- Plank roads— The longitudinal grade for a road— Stones on earth and gravel roads— Water for teams— Water bars— Shell roads— Road gutters- Country road engiueering- Width between fences- Shade for roads- Existing road laws— Proposed system— Cost of roads and expenses of repairs — Bridges. Willard, X. A. American dairying: Its rise, progress, and national importance. Ag. Ept. 1865, pp. 431-455. Commeuoemeut of cheese dairying as a specialty— Its history, etc.— Progress of the factory system in the State of New York, and capital invested in tbe business- Cost of manufacturing cheese in families, etc.— Advantages of the factory system— Objections to the factory system— The organization, selection of factory sites, etc.— Factory site— Cost of manufacture at the factory— Delivering tbe milk— Treatment of the evening milk— Proxi- mate acidity of milk for fine cheese— Application of sour whey— Size of INDEX TO AUTHORS. 297 Willard, X, A— Coutinued. cheese— Cost of producing milk in old districts — Old districts unfavor- ably aft'ected— A foreign market now demanded — Permanency of the sys- tem — Butter factories — Dairy products of the United States — Amount of butter and cheese made in 1860 and 1850— Imports of cheese and hutter. English and American dairying: Tlieir points of difference and comparative merits. Ag. Rpt. 1866, pp. 358-381. The cheese districts of England — Somerset and its system of farming— De- scription of stock — Quantity of cheese, etc. — \Yiltshire — The white lias and dairy district — Manner of making AVilts cheese — The cheese market at Chippeuham — Gloucestershire — Cheese apparatus and mode of Single Glo8- ter cheese manufacture — Cheddar cheese making — Cheshire cheese mak- ing — Appearance and comparative merits of American cheese abroad — Styles of cheese deniauded — Color — Defects iu American cheese — Bad flavor, etc. — The prospects of the English market — Weekly exports of cheese from New York to Liverpool and to England. Willcocks, W. The Nile. W. B. Bui. No. 2, pt. 1, pp. 121-142, charts. 1894. V/iUemot, Q. On the destruction of noxious insects by means of the Pyretlirum willemoti duchartre. Ag. IJpt. 1861, pp. 223-231. Botanical characteristics of the pyrethruni of Caucasus — Culture and gath- ering — Pulverization — Principal insects destroyed hy means of the powder of pyrethrum — Method of application of the powder of pyrethrum. Willet, J. E. The cotton worm. Cot. Insects, pp. 358-301. 1897. Williams, C. B. Estimation of phosphoric acid in soils by double precipitation with molybdic solution and titration of the ammonium phosphomolyb- date with standard alakli. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 82, 83. 1896. Williams, C. B., and B. W. Kilgore. Comparison of results by old and new methods for citrate insoluble phosphoric acid. Ghem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 108, 109. 1894. WilUams, H. C. Nut trees in Virginia. Ag. Ept. 1856, p. 450. Native grapes of Texas. Ag. Rpt. 1800, p. 499. W^illiams, H. C. Temperatures injurious to food products in storage and during transportation, and methods of protection from the same. W. B. Bui. No. 13, pp. 20. 1896. Williams, James. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 329-332. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Alabama.] Ag. Rpt. 1852, pp. 73, 74. Williams, James H. [Remarks on cotton in Australia.] Ag. Rpt. 1856, pp. 298-300. William, S. Wells. [Remarks on introduction of plants from China.] Ag. Rpt. 1850, pp, 450-453. Notices of Chinese agriculture and its principal products. Ag. Ept. 1860, pp. 467-476. 298 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE. ■Williams, Thomas A. Timotliy in the prairie region. Y. B. 1896, pp. 147-154, illus. General remarks — Seeding — After-treatment of timothy meadow — Growing timothy for seed — The quantity of Western-grown timothy hay. The renewing of wornout native prairie pastures. Agros. Giro. No. 4, pp. 4, illus. 1890. Grasses and forage plants of the Dakotas. Agros. T3ul. l^o. 6, pp. 47. 1897. Sorghum as a forage crop. F. B. No. 50, pp. 20. 1897. The soy bean as a forage crop. P. B. No. 58, pp. 19, illus. 1897. Williams, W. Bronchitis. S. Ex. Doc. No. 5, pp. 40-75. 1880. ■Williams, W. L. Infectious abortion of mares. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 449-456. 1891. Willis, George J. [Keport of the commerce of Port Stanley and St. Thomas, Ontario.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, p. 39. 1895. Williston, S. W. An Australian parasite of Iceryapurchmi. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 21, 22, illus. 1888. Notes on the genus Lestophonus. I. L., vol. 1, pp. 328-331, illus. 1889. Belvosia: A study. I. L., vol. 5, pp. 238-240, illus. 1893. List of Diptera of the Death Valley Expedition. N. A. Fauna No. 7, pp. 253-259. 1893. Willits, Edwin. Industrial education. Misc. Spl. Ept. No. 9, pp. 65-65. 1885. Special report of the Assistant Secretary. Ag. Ept. 1889, pn. 46-48. Textile fiber production. Eemarks on resolutions providing for cooperation between the United States Department of Agriculture and the agricultural experiment stations in raising and testing fiber plants. O. E. S. Misc. Bui. No. 2, pp. 124, 125. 1890. Special report of the Assistant Secretary. Ag. Ept. 1890, pp. 59-73. The scientific work of the Department in its relation to practical agricul- ture—The Department of Agriculture— Scientific work of the Depart- ment—The experimental— The remedial— General scientific work. Special report of the Assistant Secretary, Ag. Ept. 1892, pp. 67-84, Duties of the Assistant Secretary— General review of the work for the last four years- Division of Botany— Division of Entomology— Division of Orni- thology and Mammalogy— Division of Vegetable Pathology— Division of Forestry— Division of Pomology— Divisions of Chemistry and Microscopy and the Office of Experiment Stations— Office of Fiber Investigations— Arti>sian wells and irrigation — Conclusion. Eeport of the Assistant Secretary. Ag. Ept. 1891, pp. 65-81. Cooperation of the Department of Agriculture with the educational forces in the United States relating to agriculture— The general field— Forces fostered wholly or in part by the General Government— The forces sus- tained in whole or in part by tbe States— Organizations of a voluntary INDEX TO AUTHORS. 299 Willits, Edwin — Contini'od. character— The press and the literature especially devoted to asricnlture— Cooperation of the forces— Matters general to the whole countr,\ — What the Department can better perform than any other agenoy— What the Department should not do except incidentally.' [Address before the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.] Ghem. Bui. No. 35, pp. 98-100. 1892. Special report of the Assistant Secretary. Ag. Ept. 1893, pp. 53-86. The World's Columbian Exposition — Origin of the Exposition — Character . and control of the Exposition — The Government Exhibit — Board of man- agement for Government Exliibit : Its members, its powers, and its work — Scope of the Government Exhibit— Exhibit of tlio United States Dopart- nient of Agriculture at the World's Columbian Exposition — Funds allotted to the Department — Nature of the Department's exhibit — Functions of the Department — The cereal collection — Collections of tobacco and wool — The cotton exhibit — AVork of the special agents — Desirability of comprehensive monographs — The disposition of Government exhibits — Practical sugges- tions — Acknowledgments — Exhibit of the Weather Bureau — Exhibit of the Burean of Animal Industry — Exhibit of the Bureau of Chemistry — Exhibit of the Division of Entomology — Exhibit of the Division of Orni- thology and Mammalogy — Exhibit of the Division of Botany — Exhibit of the Division of Vegetable I'athology — Exhibit of the Division of Pomol- ogy — Exhibit of the Division of Forestry — The Cooperative Exhibit of the Office of Experiment Station and of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations — Exhibit of the Office of Fiber Investigations — Exhibit of th& Division of Illustrations — Exhibits of other Divisions. [Good roads.] O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 21-23. 1893. Wills, Thomas. Hospital gardening. Mo. Ept. 1865, pp. 12, 13. Wilson, Lavyrence. Condition of the live stock industry west of the Mississippi. 2d Ept. B. A. I., pp. 429-433. 1886. Wilson, James. Eeport of the Secretary of Agriculture. Ag. Ept. 1897, pp. v-liv. Objects of the Department— Scope of the Department work — Animal prod- nets and foreign markets — Experiments with sugar beets— Opportunities for new industries — Advance in seed distribution — Need of qualifled agents in foreign countries — Grasses and forage plants— The Department scien- tists and their work — The world's markets for farmers — Experimental exports of butter — The problem of the farmer's home — Bureau and divi- sions. Winfree, Philip. Culture of indigo. Ag. Ept. 1845, pp. 974, 975. Wing, H. H. The dairy industry of the United States. 4th and 5th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 387-404. 1889. Special points bearing on feeding experiments. O. E. S. Bui. No. 3, pp. 93, 94. 1891. Winton, A. L. On the use of sodium chloride in the Liado-Gladding method of determining potash. Chem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 148-1.50. 1891. Eeport on dairy products. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 92-108. 1893. The Babcock gravimetric method for the determination of solids and fat in milk — (Drying with asbestos in a perforated metal cylinder). Chem. Bui. No. 38, p. 119. 1893. 300 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Winton, A. L. — Continued. Does cream lose fat on keeping for a long time with and without bichromate of potash? Ohem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 192, 193. 1894. Eeport on potash. Chem. Bui. No. 49, pp. 27^1. 1897. ■Winton, A. L., and H. J. 'Wheeler. Eeport on potash. Chem. Bui. No. 47, pp. 14-23. 1896. Wiscom, Samuel. [Report on farm crops, etc., in Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 260-202. Wolfinger, John F. Green manuring and manures. Ag. Ept. 18G4, pp. 299-328. , Ancient green manuring — Modern green manuring — Green manurial plants and grasses — American green manurial plants and grasses — Preparation of soil and seeding for a green manurial crop — Pasturing of green ma- nurial crop — PloAYiug down of green manurial crop— Depth of plowing down — Benefits derivable from green manuring — Why green manurings are beneficial — What the best agricultural writers say of green manures — Objections to green manuring. Indian corn culture. Ag. Ept. 1866, pp. 215-224. Soil — Preparation of soil — Selection and preparation of seed — Time and depth of planting corn, etc. — After-culture of corn— Manuring corn — Harvesting corn and corn fodder — Corn fodder and corn meal food — Vari- eties of corn. Wolford, H. L. On the importation and protection of useful birds. Ag. Ejjt. 1853, pp. 71-74. ■WoU, F. w. Notes on agricultural education in the Scandinavain countries. i). E. S. Circ. No. 32, pp. 15-17. 1896. Sugar beet experiments in Wisconsin in 1891. Ohem. Bui. No. 33, pp. 90-111. 1892. ■WoU, F. ■W., and George L. Teller. Eeport on analysis of cattle foods. Chem. Bui. No. 38, pp. 122-135. ■Wollny, Ewald. The relation of the physical properties of the soil to the cultivation of plants. E. S. il., vol. 4, pp. 528-543, and 627-641. 1893. The physical properties of the soil. E. S. E., vol. 6, pp. 761-774, and 8.33-863, and 948-963, illus. 1895. The principal soil constituents— General physical properties of the soil con- stituents and of the soil as a whole— '1 he behavior of the soil toward water — The behavior of the soil toward air and gases — The behavior of the soil toward heat. ■Wood, Leonard. Irrigation of desert land in Arizona. S. Ept. No. 928, pt. 3, pp. 484, 485. 1890. >i 711 > ■Wood, Samuel. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in New York.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 313-315. ■Wood, Samuel N. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 384-386. ■Woodford, E. S. Pish culture. Mo. Ept. 1869, pp. 376, 377. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 301 Woodhull, M. V. The creation of a bureau of information and exchanges in the Department of Agriculture. Misc. Spl. Kpt. No. 9, pp. 90-97. 1885. ' Woods, Albert F. Principles of pruning and care of wounds in woody plants. Y. B. 1895, pp. 257-268, illus. General structure of a\ oody plants— The root— Root pruning— Top pruning— Natural prnniug — Pruning fruit trees — Overbearing— Pruning for vegeta- ble growth— Healing of wounds on stem and branches— Receipts for graft- ing wax, etc., used in pruning. Woods, Albert F., and B. T. Galloway. Water as a factor in the growth of plants. Y. B. 1894, pp. 1C5-176, illus. Water iu green plants — Relation of root development to water supply — ■ Structure of the plant and how it obtains water^Loss of wnter by evap- oration from the foliage — Controlling evaporation — Summary. Diseases of shade and ornamental trees. Y. B. 1896, pp. 237-254, illus. General remarks — Diseases due to soil conditions — Diseases due to atmos- pheric couditions — Fuugous diseases. Woods, Charles D. The comparative composition of American and European beef. 4th and 5th Kpts. B. A. I., pp. 426-428. 1889. Feeding stuffs low in carbohydrates. (Jhem. Bui. No. 31, pp. 34-36. 1891. Meats: Composition and cooking. F. B. No. 34, pp. 29, illus., 1896, Woods, Charles D., and W. O. At-wrater. The chemical composition of American food materials. O. E. S. Bui. No. 28, pp. 47, illus. 1896. Comments on the dietary studies at the University of Tennessee. O. E. S. Bui. No. 29, pp. 33-45. 1896. Comments on the food investigations at the University of Missouri. O. E. S. Bui. No. 31, pp. 21-24. 1896. Dietary studies in New York City iu 1895 and 1896. O. E. S. Bui. No. 46, pp. 117. 1898. Woods, Charles D., W. O. Atwater, and P. G. Benedict. Eeport of the preliminary investigations on the metabolism of nitrogen and carbon in the human organism with a respiration calorimeter of special construction. O. E. S. Bui. No. 44, pp. 64, illus. 1897. Woodward, Charles S. Meteorological record for 1851 near Beaver Brook, New York. Ag. Rpt. 1851, pp. 626-638. Woodward, J. J. ^ The nathological anatomy and histology of the respiratory organs in the pleuro-pneumonia of cattle. Dis. Cattle, pp. 64-72. 1871. Woodworth, C. W. The laboratory method of experimentation [entomological]. I. L., vol 3, pp. 266-269. 1891. 302 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Word, James. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Mississippi.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 321-323. Worthington, Charles. Report of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1878, pp. 257-320. The crops of 1878 — Condition of farm animals — Prices of farm animals — Farm labor and wages — Our agricultural exports — Wheat production in the United States — Corn production iu the United States — Distribution of our agricultural exports — Market prices of farm products for 1878 — Live stock markets — Pork-packing in the West; in the East; on the Pacific Slope— European statistics. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1879, pp. 127-185. The crops of 1879 — Condition of farm animals — Hops — Peanuts (Arachis Jiypogcea) — Cranberry — Farm labor and wages — Value of lauds — Our agri- cultural exports — Distribution of our agricultural exports — Market prices of farm products for 1879 — Live stock markets — Pork packing — The aver- age weight — The yield of land — Cost of hogs — European statistics — Average yield per acre — Sugar crop of the world — Cane sugar. Eeport of the Statistician. Ag. Ept. 1880, pp. 185-233. Crops of 1880— Condition of farm animals — Farm -wages and labor — Our agricultural exports — Distribution of our agricultural exports — Market prices of farm products for 1880 — Live-stock markets — Porlc packing — Weight per bushel in the several States — European statistics. Wray, W. H. Anthrax, or charbon, in the Yazoo bottoms of western Mississippi. 6th and 7th Epts. B. A. I., pp. 379-381. 1891. Wright, Charles. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Delaware.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 263-265. Wright, E. W. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Arkansas.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 366, 367. Wright, John A. C. Country roads. O. E. S. Bui. No. 14, pp. 34-45. 1893. Wright, M. The Galveston Island (Texas) tornado, November 6, 1892. Mo. W. E., vol. 20, pp. 309, 310. 1892. Wright, William S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 174-176. Wyckoff, N. Alfalfa in California. Mo. Ept. 1872, pp. 296, 297. Wyeth, W. J. Ice trade. Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 696-703., Yancy, Charles. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., of Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1847, pp. 375, 376. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., in Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1849, pp. 136- [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1850, pp. 348- 352. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., iu Virginia.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 298- ouJ.. INDEX TO AUTHORS. 303 Yancy, Charles— Continued. [lieport ou farm crops, etc., in Viigihia.J Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 104- 107. Yeomans, John L. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Conuecticnt.l Ag. Ept. 1S.J2, pp. 104-166. I fe 1 ;H Yeomans, Johns S. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., in Connecticut.) Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 173-175. Yerkes, J. D. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., iu Micliigau.J Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 406- 409. [-Report ou farm crops, etc., iu :Micliigau.] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 281- 284. Yocuni, J. H. Notes on the points of error iu the shake method of determining tannin by hide powdier. Chem. Bui. No. 43, pp. 204-206. 1894. York, Amos S. [Eemarks on cotton in the Island of Zaute.l As. Ept. 1856, pp. 304, 305. ' Young, Edward. [Report ou the commerce of Windsor, Nova Scotia.] For. Mkts. Bui. No. 4, pp. 52, 53. 1895. Yomig, H. S. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., iu Wisconsin. I Ag. Ept. 1851, pij. 457, 458. Young, James. [Eeport ou farm crops, etc., iu Tennessee.] Ag. Ept. 1848, pp. 523- 525. Young, John. [Report OU farm crops, etc., in Ohio.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 375-379. Young, John R., and James De Mott. [Report on farm crops, etc., iu New York. ] Ag. Ept. 1852, pp. 178- 183. Younglove, T. M. Sheep and wool of Steuben County, New York. Ag. Ept. 1861, pp. 137-144. Profits — Breeding — Treatmout of the bucls; while with the flock — Season for dropping — Castration — Docliing — Weaning — Wintering — Tagging— Wash- ing — Shearing — Selling — Different hreeds — Disease — Weight — Price. Yulee, D. L. Cultivation of Florida tobacco. Ag. Ept. 1849, p. 456. Zook, Shem. [Eeport on farm crops, etc., iu Pennsylvania.] Ag. Ept. 1851, pp. 250-253. Zuntz, N. The metabolism of nutrients iu the animal body and the source of muscular energy. E. S. E., vol. 7, pp. 538-550. 1895. s Bulletin No. 6. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISIOX OF AGROSTOLOGY. LCiruiiis nnd Forage Plniit Investigations.] GRASSES AND FORAGE PLANTS OF THE DAKOTAS. BT THOMAS A. V/ILLIAMS. PEBPAEED UNDER THE DIEECTION OF THE AGKOSTOLOGIST. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1897. LETTER OF TRANSMIHAL U. S. Department op AanTCULTUBE, Division of Agrostology, Washington, B, C, December 8, 1896. Sir : I have the honor to transmit for publication as Bulletin No. 6 of this Division a report upon the grasses and forage plants and forage conditions of the Dakotas, based upon the work of the field agents in those States during the past season and upon the observations made by Mr. T. A. Williams, assistant in the Division, who has compiled the report. Mr. Williams has spent several years in South Dakota and become personally familiar with much of the territory covered by the report. The grass and forage problem of both Dakotas is an exceed- ingly important one, and this report can not fail to be of great interest not only to the farmers and landowners of those States, but also to those living throughout a large portion of the Northwest where similar conditions prevail. The work in North Dakota was chiefly performed by Mr. M. A. Brannon, who visited various parts of the State under a commission from the Department, and whose notes and observations are scattered through various parts of the report. Messrs. E. N. Wil- cox and David Griffiths assisted in the work done in South Dakota, Mr. Wilcox working under a commission for two months and Mr. Griffiths for a shorter period. The report is divided into three parts, the first embracing general notes upon the forage conditions in the Dakotas; this is followed by an alphabetical and descriptive list of the grasses and forage plants of those States, in which are embodied notes of economic interest; the third part, which is addressed to botanists, contains a classified list of the grasses and forage plants collected or observed by the field agents and by Mr. Williams, specifying localities and introducing occasional notes of botanical interest, Eespectfully, P. Lamson-Scribner, Agrostologist. Hon. Ohas. W. Dabnbt, Jr., Assistant Secretary. 2 CONTENTS. Page. General notes on the forage conditions in the Dakotas 5 Features of the farming and stock-raising regions 5 The native grasses 6 The irrigation probiem 7 Conditions in the artesian basin 7 Grasses and other plants of the Dakotas which are or may be of importance as forage 10 A classified list of the grasses and forage plants collected or observed in the Dakotas in 1896 30 Gramineae 30 Andropogone» 30 PanicetB 31 Oryzese 32 Phalarideae 33 Agrostidese 33 Avenese 36 Chloridese 36 Festncaceae 37 Hordeje 40 Typhaoeaj 41 CyperacesB 41 JuncaceiE 44 Iridacese 44 PolygonaoesB 44 Chenopodiacete 44 Leguminosse 45 3 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Fig. 1. Slender Wheat-grass (Agropyron tenerum) 11 2. Barnyard-grass (Panicum crus-galK) 12 3. Blue Grama (Bouteloua oligosiachya) 13 4. Buffalo-grass (BulbiUs dactyloides) 14 5. Indian Kice {Zizania aquatica) 17 6. Milk Vetcb (Astragalus adsurgens) 19 7. Bunch Spear-grass (Poa arida) _ 21 8. Slough-grass (Beckmannia erwcwformis) 25 ; 9. Squirrel-tail-grass (BbrdeMTOjttftaiwm) 26 10. Wild Vetch [Mosackia purshiana) 29 11. Winter Fat {Eurotia lanata) 29 4 GRASSES AND FORAGE PLANTS OF THE DAKOTAS. GENERAL NOTES ON THE FORAGE CONDITIONS IN THE DAKOTAS.^ FEATURES OF THE FARMING AND STOCK-RAISING REGIONS. The distinctively farming and stock-raising regions of the Dakotas are separated by more or less widely differing geological and meteoro- logical conditions. In North Dakota the lands drained by the Eed Eiver of the North, the James River, and the Turtle Mountain slope of Mouse Eiver are especially adapted to general agriculture. The rain- fall, temperature, and character of the soil make this whole district peculiarly favorable to the growth of small grains. These lands include about one-third of the entire State, and are given over chiefly to the growing of wheat, though other small grains are grown in large quantities. Nearly all varieties of flint corn and the early varieties of dent do well in this region, and many varieties which will not ripen seed on account of the shortness of the season can be prof- itably grown for forage. The straw from the fields of wheat and other small grains furnishes an almost inexhaustible supply of "roughness" for stock feeding. Eoot crops are easily grown, and are fed with the straw and the various by-products of small grain to a great advantage. In South Dakota the lands adapted to general agriculture are those drained by the Sioux and James rivers, those of the Big Stone Basin, the lower Missouri Valley, and the rich valleys of the Black Hills region. While, as with North Dakota, a considerable portion of these lands is devoted chiefly to wheat raising, many of them are well adapted to the growing of corn, flax, and other crops, and diversified farming is becoming more and more popular each year. Excellent crops of corn are grown in the lower Missouri Valley, the Sioux Valley, and the Big Stone Basin. During the past few years a great many creameries have been estab- lished in various parts of the State, and this industry is being carried on with a high degree of success. The excellent quality of the native forage enables the creameries to send out such a fine product that Dakota butter is becoming famous and commands high prices in the markets. > What is said here mil apply to southwestern Minnesota, northwestern Nebraska, eastern Montana, and northeastern Wyoming. 5 THE NATIVE GRASSES. As a consequence of the extensive breaking up of the virgin soil in the agricultural regions, many of the native grasses have been restricted to limited areas, which are usually too broken or too wet for cultivation. The principal native hay grasses are Big Blue-stem, Bushy Blue-stem, Switch-grass, Western Wheat-grass, Western Quack-grass, Slender Wheat- grass, Fowl Meadow-grass, Oord-grass, Wild-rye, the Blue-joints, and the various species of Stipa, while these grasses, with the Gramas, Buffalo-grass and Prairie June-grass, furnish most of the grazing. With the exception of the Black Hills region of South Dakota, the immense tract of land west of the one hundred and first meridian to the Eocky Mountains is devoted almost exclusively to stock raising. In each of the Dakotas it includes two regions of very different charac- ter; one consisting of a broad rolling prairie known as the "range" and the other the famous Bad Lands. The latter region consists of a wide area of land broken up by excessive erosion into valleys and basins of various sizes alternating with hills or buttes, the sides of which are usually so steep and so unstable that few plants can grow upon them. The flat tops of the buttes and the bottoms of the valleys and basins are usually covered with a characteristic growth of vegeta- tion of which the grasses form by far the greater part. The principal grasses of the stock-raising regions are the Gramas, Buffalo-grass, Salt-grass, the Blue-joints, the Sand-grasses, Western Wheat-grass, Western Quack-grass, Needle-grass, and Feather Bunch- grass. Western Wheat-grass and Western Quack-grass furnish most of the hay, except in the moister bottoms, where the Blue-joints, Big Sand-grass, and the Oord-grasses are more or less abundant. Overpasturing in times of drought is killing out many of the most valuable grasses here as well as elsewhere, and unless this practice is abandoned permanent injury will result to this, one of the most impor- tant of the natural resources of the ISTorthwest. The great value of this natural forage is evident when we look at the freight records of the various railroads and see the thousands of car- loads of stock annually shipped from this region which are produced with no other feed than that growing naturally on the prairies. From Dickinson alone there were shipped 2,300 carloads off at cattle within ninety days during the summer and early autumn of 1895. It is very important that every possible effort should be made to pre- serve the native grasses. They are naturally adapted to the conditions which prevail in the region, and it is quite improbable that introduced forms can be had to take their places satisfactorily, at least for years to come. " That some of the native forms flourish under conditions that would kill the common cultivated ones is seen by the situation in Stark County, IS^, Dak. At Dickinson, the Weather Bureau reports for 1895 show a rainfall of 11.75 inches. Of this amount 5.75 inches fell in June and July. The small precipitation of 0.64 inch in the three months of August, September, and Oetober favors the important process of curing on the ground. This enables thousands of cattle to live during the winter on the nutritious forage furnished by this method of curing the grasses which grow at this point" (Brannon). Such a climatic con- dition would soon destroy the ordinary cultivated grasses, but the native species have flourished under it for centuries, and there is no reason why they should not continue to do so and still yield plenty of forage, if properly handled. THE IRRIGATION PROBLEM. "The successful solution of the irrigation problem in the Dakotas would be of great value to the grazing as well as to the farming inter- ests. In North Dakota an abundance of good artesian water can be secured by boring from 90 to 260 feet at many places in the eastern part of the State, but in the middle and western portions the artesian sup- ply is to be found from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the surface, and can not be certainly secured at even 3,000 feet in many places. There is considerable hope of irrigating successfully from surface wells from 30 to 90 feet deep which afford a large supply of good water. These wells may be operated by windmills at small expense" (Brannon). One of the most serious difQculties in the way of successful irrigation is a lack of sufBcient capital on the part of the farm owners to put down good wells, build ditches and reservoirs, and keep up other necessary expenses until the farm is placed upon a paying basis. Another trouble is the lack of proper experience in handling the water after it is ready to turn on the land. Experience has shown that many of the most valuable of the native grasses are very much benefited by a judicious application, of even a small amount of water. As a rule there is sufficient rainfall to give the grasses a good start in the spring, and if enough water could be had to keep up a strong growth when the dry, hot summer weather comes on, an abundant forage crop would be assured. In South Dakota, flowing wells can be had at varying depths through- out the James Valley, a portion of the Missouri Yalley and of the Big Stone Basin. That excellent crops can be grown under irrigation from these wells is being proved by the State experiment station on the Hunter farm at Mellette, as well as by many private individuals in various parts of the artesia,n regions. CONDITIONS IN THE ARTESIAN BASIN. The following, taken from Mr. Wilcox's report, gives an account of the forage conditions in the artesian basin: On the 17th of August I left Brookings County and went west into the artesian bflsin of the James Eiver Valley, stopping first at Iroquois. The country "rom Biooldngs to Iroquois is a rolling prairie. The principal grasses are Little Blue-stem, Big Blue-stem, Western Wheat-grass, Porcupine-grass, Switch-grass, Big Sand-grass, 8 Wild-rye, and Spiked Miihlenberg's-grass. Along the artesian well drain at Iroquois Sporobolus asperifolms, Salt-grass, Western Wheat-grass, Wild-rye, Switch-grass, Cord-grass, Tall Grama, and very large specimens of Barnyard-grass abound. Blue Grama and Buifalo-graas are common on the prairies. From Iroquois south to Vilas there is no perceptible difference in the ilora. From Vilas I went westward through Miner and Sanborn counties, and into north- western Aurora County. Near Artesian City, in Miner County, I crossed a large "Gumbo flat," on which little grew except Salt-grass, Saltbushes, and Western Sea- blight {Suwda depressa). At Artesian City water is obtained at less than 100 feet, and the wells have been flowing for eight or nine years. The ordinary prairie grasses were common, and Slough-grass (Beokmannia erucceformis), was beginning to appear in the ditches and ponds. From Artesian City westward the country grows drier and drier, except a strip of 10 or 12 miles on each side of the James Eiver. Where I crossed the river near For- estburg, a herd of about 400 cattle had been pastured and were in fine condition. The pasture was composed of native grasses. Big Sand-grass, Switch-grass, Tall Grama, Blue Grama, Western Wheat-grass, and Wild Vetch {HosacTcia purshiana) grew in large quantities, but had all been fed close to the ground. The only plants which did not seem to have been eaten were Cleome integrifoUa and several species of Golden Kod. There were acres of the Cleome, and the masses of rose purple flowers were a beautiful sight. At Woonsooket several large artesian ponds had been drained and the vegetation cut for hay, but it did not seem to be of much value, as it was largely made up of species of Bidens, Eleocharis, and Scirpus. Barnyard-grass made the most valuable part of the hay. At Letcher there were several large ponds fed by the artesian well. On the margins of these ponds were growing Eeed-grass, Slough-grass, Barnyard-grass, Switch-grass, Long-leafed Prairie-grass, Cord-grass, and sparingly, Rice Cut-grass (Homalocenchrus oryzoides) . From Letcher westward Long-leafed Prairie-grass, Southern Poverty-grass, Sporo- ■lolus brevifoUus, and S. crypiandrus became more and more common. Buffalo-grass grew in considerable quantity ; Wild Crab-grass was occasionally seen, and also the low-growing Cacti (Mamillaria, vivipara, M. missourienais, and Opuntia fragilis). The grasses seemed to gradually decrease in size, and a relatively larger amount of seed was produced by each species than farther eastward, although, owing to dry weather, much of the seed did not mature. Northern Aurora County is in the western part of the James Eiver Valley close to the Wessington Hills, which divide the small streams flowing into the James River from those flowing into the Missouri. For nine or ten years the rainfall here has been scanty and much of the land has, to use the local expression, "gone back,'' i. e., been broken up and cultivated for two or three years, then deserted and allowed to grow up to grass and weeds. This would make better hay-land if the Russian Thistle and Gum Weed {Grindelia squarrosa) were not present in such large quanti- ties. The latter weed is spreading over the whole country, prairies, pastures, and all uncultivated land. The woody, sticky stems cause considerable trouble in hay- ing season, but are worst in the pastures, where the resinous exudation sticks to the faces of cattle, horses, and sheep, causing eyes and nostrils to become inflamed and sore. The plant has the one redeeming feature of being good to burn, and is being collected in considerable quantity for winter fuel. The Wessington Hills have an elevation of two or three hundred feet above the surrounding country. There were formerly many small lakes among these hills, but they are now nearly all dry. The Firesteel Creek heads in the Wessington Hills, and runs southeast about 50 miles, where it enters the James River near Mitchell. Along the banks of the Firesteel grow Petalostemon violaceus, P. candidus, P. multiflorus, Amorplia canescens, A. microphrjUa, Psoralea argopliylla, P. esculenta, Astragalus caryo- carpus, A. platiensis, A. adaurgena, A. racemoaua, A. lotiflorua, A. missourienaia, A. can- adenaia, Oxyiropia lambertn, Glycyrrhiza Upidota, and such grasses as Bie Blue-stem, Little Blue-stem, Bushy Blue-stem, Tall Grama, Blue Grama, Long-leafed Prairie- grass, Southern Poverty-grass, Switch-grass, Western Beard-grass, Wild-rye, Lyme- grass, AVestern Wheat-grass, Spiked Muhlenberg's-grass, Mexican Wood-grass, Slender Wheat-grass, Buifalo-grass, Cord-grass, Big Sand-grass, Montana Sand^grass, Sporoholus hrevifolius, Panioum depauperatmn, and Homalocenclirus virginicus. In the dry sloughs of the prairie, grow Blue-joint, Eeed Canary-grass, Cord-grass, and Switch-grass. In the "burn outs," "blow outs," or "buffalo wallows" grow Sporoiolus oryp- iandrus, Leptochloa fascicularis, Salt-grass, Long-leafed Prairie-grass, Buffalo-grass, Atriplex argenteum, Plantago patagonica, vars. gnaphalioides and nuda, P. pimUa,a.]id MarHlea vestita. As the "buffalo wallows" require much work and time to make them productive when cultivated, they are usually pastured. All the above-men- tioned plants are eaten by stock. One of the farmers here had about a quarter of an acre of Smooth Brome-grass grown from seed sent out for trial by the State experiment station. The grass was growing well and maturing a good crop of seed. In the town of Plankinton was a small tield of Timothy and Red Clover which had been watered thoroughly during the dry weather. When I saw it about the middle of August, one fine crop of early hay had been cut and a second, heavier crop, was just being gathered. The artesian ponds at Plankinton contained Typka latifoUa, Sparganium eurycarpum, Scirpua rohustus, S. lacustris, S. Jiuviatilia, Lepioehloa faaoicularis, Beokmannia eruccs- formis, Calamagroatis eanadenaia, and Spartina oynoauroidea, while on the margins grew Big Blue-stem, Barnyard-grass, Switch-grass, Long-leafed Prairie-grass, Wild- rye, Tall Grama, Western Wheat-grass, and Squirrel-tail-grass. In concluding this part of my report I might say that the most interesting things which I have observed were the climatic differences which occurred in traveling a distance of only 100 miles, the corresponding effects of these changes on the flora of the regions visited, and, in the drier parts of the State, the marked influence of irrigation on all kinds of vegetation. In the eastern part of the State good crops are nearly always secured, but owing to the low price of grain, farmers are largely going into dairying. In this section it costs from 75 cents to $1.25 per month to pasture cattle and horses. The winters are nearly always snowy and stock must be stabled and fed for a long time. In northern Aurora County, where for some time there has been so little rain that farmers have secured a good crop only once in four or five years unless they irri- gated, horses and cattle are pastured from May to November for $2 per head. There is very little snow in winter, and cattle and horses live upon the open prairies. I saw numbers of young well-bred horses which were in fine condition and yet had been fed neither hay nor grain, nor had they been stabled for over two years. Cat- tle were fatter than any I saw in Iowa or Illinois, although the prairie grass looked scorched and dry. In general, irrigated plants are larger, they grow and remain green for a longer period of time, and relatively they produce much less seed in proportion to the stems and leaves than plants of the same species and locality under natural condi- tions. There is a belt of green vegetation around artesian ponds and ditches long after the plants on the prairies are dry and yellow. I gathered mature seeds of Beckmannia eruoceformis at Brookings before the middle of July, and four weeks later at the artesian well at Plankinton, this grass was seen in bloom. The following forage plants are common about artesian wells : Typlia latifoUa, Sparganium eurycarpum, Scirpua lacuairia, Scirpua fiuviatilis, Scirpus robuatua,Carex doug- laaii, Carex straminea, Spartina cynoauroidea, Phragmitea vulgaria, Diatichlia apicata stricta, Leptochloa faaoicularis, Sporoholua longifoUua, Panioum virgatum, Panicum crua-galU, Sordeum jubatum, Chastochloa glauca. Until recent years there was little need in either of the Dakotas of growing tame grasses, and, as is always the case, many of the first 10 attempts in this direction met with failure or only indifferent success. However, as the farmers are becoming more acquainted with the peculiarities of soil and climate existing in this region, better results are being obtained, and at the present time in many parts of both North Dakota and South Dakota may be found excellent pastures and meadows of tame grasses. In the rich bottom lands in the older set- tled regions Timothy, Eedtop, Alsike, Red Clover, White Clover, Smooth Brome-grass, Blue-grass, and several of the fescues give pay- ing crops. Millet is extensively grown in all the farming communities, and such recent introductions as Kaffir Corn, Lupines, and Sand-vetch seem likely to assume an important place among the forage crops of this region, already so bountifully supplied by nature with the " grasses of the field." Wherever irrigation is practiced there is no difficulty in getting pay- ing crops of such grasses as Timothy and Eedtop, and it is quite cer- tain that many other forage plants can be successfully grown in the artesian regions when the vast underground water supply can be ntUized. GRASSES AND OTHER PLANTS OF THE DAKOTAS WHICH ARE OR MAY BE or IMPORTANCE AS FORAGE. Agropyron. Of the several species of Agropyron, or Wheat-grasses, growing in the Dakotas, Western Wheat-grass (Agropyron spicatiim) is the most common and the m.ost valuable. Western Quack-grass (A. pseitdorepens) and Slender Wheat-grass ; {A . tenerum) (i3g. 1) are also valuable, but are less abundant in the dry regions than Western Wheat-grass. These Agropyrons are plentiful both on the "range" and in the agricultural regions, and are highly valued for both hay and pastur- age. They grow voluntarily on old plowings, and instead of attempting to destroy the plants, which would be difficult on account of the numerous under- ground stems, or rhizomes, many farmers prefer to leave such lands for meadows. The yield of hay is usually much better than on the unbroken prairie. In favor- able seasons three tons per acre are often obtained from these meadows. Wheat- grass hay is one of the most nutritious grown in the Northwest. Under ordinary circumstances a Wheat-grass meadow will not give a good crop every year; usually the yield is light the third year. Many farmers overcome this trouble by harrowing or discing the meadow, which breaks np the underground stems of the grass, .ind a fine growth of new shoots is the result. The Wheat-grasses cure on the ground in the grazing regions and furnish a large amount of very nutritious forage during the winter. From the middle of July there is little rain in the western cattle districts, and these grasses mature early and are the chief forage plants on which thrive the choice beeves, which command fancy prices in the eastern markets. They have few equals among the grasses of the western prairies in the quantity or quality of forage produced, and should be cultivated and improved as much as possible. Agropyron caninum. {See Bearded Wheat-grass.) Agropyron divergens. (See Bunch Wheat-grass.) Agropyron pseudorepens. (See Western Quack-grass and Agropyron.) Agropyron richardsoni. (See Bearded Wheat-grass.) 11 Agropyron spicatum. (See Agropyron.) Agropyron tenerum. (See Agropyron and Slender Wheat-grass.) Agrostis scabra. {See Tickle-grass.) Alfalfa (Medicago saliva). This plant is grown in many parts of both Dakotas, but generally with indiflferent success. AVhere irrigation is possible, better results are had. No difficulty is experienced in gettinn; a good stand, but too often the season is unfavorable for the rapid development so necessary to the successful growing of this crop. The plants turn yellow and the first cutting is light. Where the field can be irri- gated immediately on the taking off of the first crop, this trouble is not so seri- ous. The plants are often badly affected by a fungous disease which causes the leaves to fall early, and thus much of the most valuable part of the forage is lost. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus. (See Wild Water Foxtail. ) Alsike {Trifoliuni liyiridum) . This clover occurs in door yards, along roadsides, and occasionally in fields in the valleys of the Red, James, and Sioux rivers. It does well in the eastern part of South Dakota, and Professor Brannon, speaking of it in the Red River Valley in North Dakota, says "it seems to be quite hardy and would no doubt do well sown with Timothy, Orchard-grass, or Kentucky Blue-grass." American Vetch (Vioia americana). More or less abundant in the eastern part of both States, where it grows in moist places. '-'It is relished by all kinds of stock and furnishes considerable food," which is "considered very fattening." Andropogon hallii. (See Colorado Sand-grass.) Andropogon nutans. (See Bushy Blue-stem.) Andropogon provincialis. (See Big Blue-stem.) Andropogon scoparius. (See Little Blue-stem.) Aristida fascicularis. (See Western Beard- grass.) Arrhenatherum elatius. (See Tall Oat-grass.) Astragalus. There are a large number of species belonging to this genus found in the Northwest. Some of them are readily eaten by stock and are highly prized by stockmen; others are so bitter and unpalatable that few animals will touch them, while still others are thought to be injvirious. Astragalus adsurgens. (See fig. 6.) This species is said to be eaten readily by stock, particularly on the "range," when grasses are dry and short. This, and other small-fruited species, are known as Milk Vetch. Astragalus bisulcatns. One of the strong smelling species. "The plant has a rather rank taste when young, but loses this as it becomes mature, when stock readily eat both stems and leaves" (Brannon). FiQ. 1 Slender TVTieat-grass (Agro- pyron tenerum). 12 Astragalus caryocarpns. (See Buffalo Pea.) Astragalus canadensis. A coarse-growing species seldom eaten \by stock of any kind. Astragalus fle:xuosus. In this species the stems become woody so early that it has little, if any, value as a forage plant. Astragalus hypoglottis. This small Milk Vetch is very abundant on onr Northwestern prairies. It is relished by stock and famishes no inconsid- erable amount of forage in many localities. No good common name has as yet been given to this species. Bristly-fruited Milk Vetch would suit it very well. Astragalus plattensis. (See Buffalo Pea. J Atriplex spp. (See Salt-bushes.j Avena fatua. (iSee Wild-oats.) Avena americana. (See Native Meadow Oat-grass.) Barnyard-grass (Panieum crus-galU). Found more or less abundantly through- out .the Northwest in fields and waste places. It makes an immense growth in rich moist soils. All kinds of stock eat it readily, either in the green state or as hay. The hay is coarse and should be cut before the stems become woody. It is becoming very abun- dant on waste irrigated lands, where it often reaches a height of from 4 to 6 feet. At Eedfield, Iroquois, Letcher, and elsewhere in the James Valley it is one of the most conspicuous plants along ditches and about ponds fed by artesian wells. It seems probable that it could be cultivated to advantage in the artesian basin, and it should be given an extended trial (fig. 2). Bearded Wheat-grass (Agropyron richardsoni and A. caninum). These species are much more valuable for hay than for grazing, as they fruit early and produce very little growth during the remainder of the season. Beckmannia erucaeformis. (See Slough-grass.) Beokwith's Clover (Trifolium. beohwithii). This pretty little clover is quite abundant in the upper Sioux Valley, but only in a rather limited area, and it has not been reported from any other locality in the middle Northwest. It grows in rather moist prairie meadows and along the margins of swales. In the vicinity of Brookings, S. Dak., it is very plentiful and forms an important element in the native pasturage. It may prove valuable under cultivation. Big Blue-stem (Andropogon provincialis). This is the most common blue-stem in this region. It is everywhere regarded as one Fig. 2 — Bamyard-grass {Panieum crvs-gaUi). 13 of the most valuable of the native grasses. Though it occurs in greater or less abundance on the prairies, it reaches its best development in the moist bottom lands along streams and in the lake regions. In the Sioux Valley, Red River Valley, Big Stone Basin, and lower Missouri Valley this is the most highly prized hay grass of all the native species. It is becoming more abundant as the coun- try is settled up, and prairie fires are better controlled and the meadows given better care. Big Sand-giass {Calamovilfa longifoUa). This is one of the most widely distributed grasses on the Northwest prairies. It prefers sandy soils in rather moist localities. It is one of the most conspicuous grasses of the moist runs and sandy basins of the Bad Lands, and affords a con- siderable amount of coarse hay. Its rigid leaves and strong-growing rootstocks make it an excellent sand binder. Black Grama (Bouteloua Mrsuta). This is often found in company with Blue Grama, but is much less common and of less importance agricul- turally. BloTW-out grass {MuMenbergia pungens). This grass is apparently rare, and is of little value for forage, as stock seldom eat it, on account of its rigid, pointed leaves. It grows about "blow-outs," in dry, sandy soil, and is of considerable value as a sand binder. Blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinehium angustifolmm) . This is a small grass-like plant belonging to the Iris family, and is quite abundant in the eastern part of both States. It forms clusters of leaves and stems, which are liked by all kinds of stock. Blue Grama {Bouteloua oUgostacliya). This is the most common grama in the Northwest. It is very abundant on the ranges, and ranks among the most important plants for grazing purposes in those regions. It "sun cures," and not only serves for forage in summer and fall, but continues to be one of the main food supplies in winter. Together with Black Grama, it is often called " Buffalo-grass." Cattlemen hold both grasses in high esteem (fig. 3). Blue-joint {Calamagroslis canadensis and C. scriineri). The Blue-joints are abundant throughout in moist meadows and pastures. They produce an excellent growth of root leaves, and hence are heavy yielders.' The hay, though often coarse, is almost equal to Timothy in nutritive qualities. Bog-rush {Juncus spp.). Several species of Bog-rush occur in greater or less abundance. All are eaten by stock to some extent, and they usually form a small part of the hay obtained from low boggy places. Bouteloua hirsuta. (See Black Grama.) Bouteloua oligostaohya. (See Blue Grama.) Bouteloua raoemosa. (See Tall Grama.) Fig. 3.— Blue Grama (Boute- loua oligostatihya) . 14 Bromus ciliatus. (See Swamp-cliess. ) Bromus inermis. (See Smooth Brome-grasB.) Bromus kalmii. (/See Kalm's Chess.) Broom-corn Millet (Panicum miKaceum). This millet is quite extensively cultivated throughout the Northwest and is especially valuable because of the short season which it needs to reach maturity aud because of the large yield of seed. As a hay plant it is much less valuable than the com- mon millet. The seed has been used to very good advantage for fattening hogs and feeding other farm animals. In some parts of the Northvi'est it is known as Hog Millet. Enormous yields of seed have been obtained in the eastern parts of the Dakotas. The seed is fed to best advantage when crushed or ground and it is often soaked for hogs. Though it is not the equal of corn as a food for fattening animals it may, under certain circumstances, very well take the place of it. The plant stands drouth well, grows rapidly, and makes an excellent catch crop. Buffalo Pfea {Astragalus caryocarpus and A. plattensis). These plants are more or less abundant on dry prairies throughout the whole Northwest. Astragalus caryocarpus is by far the commonest of the Buffalo Peas. It is eaten by cattle and sheep, and the latter are said to be particularly fond of the fleshy plum-like pea- pods. These pods are also sometimes used as an arti- cle of human diet. Buffalo-grass (BulMUs dactyloides). This famous range grass is still quite abundant in the regions west of the James Valley in both Dakotas. It is by no means as rare as most people suppose, being frequently overlooked on account of its similarity to certain of the grama-grasses and because it seldom fruits in any great quantity. The dense mats formed by its curly leaves and creeping stems may be dis- FiG. 4.-Buffalo-gnisa (a(i6- tinguished from the surrounding vegetation on ac- count of their paler color. Stock are very fond of this grass, and especially in winter prefer it to any other native forage (fig. 4). Bunch Wheat-grass {Agropyron divergens). "A bunch grass of the Bad Lands. It furnishes a large amount of excellent forage. The leaves remain green long after the flowering season and are much relished by all kinds of stock" (Brannon). Bushy Blue-stem (Andropogon nutans). This grass is scarcely less valuable than Big Blue-stem. It thrives ou rather drier soil than that species, and, like it, is becoming more abundant every year. Calamovilfa longifolia. (See Big Sand-grass.) Calamagrostis americana. This grass is very common in moist meadows, particularly where the soil is sandy, and "affords a largo amount of excellent hay," if cut in proper season. It is called "Sand-grass" and "Yellow-top" in some parts of the Northwest. Calamagrostis canadensis. {See Blue-joint.) Calamagrostis montanensls. {See Montana Sand-grass.) Calamagrostis scribneri. (fS'ee Blue-joint.) 15 Carex spp. (See Sedges.; Ceuchrus tribuloides, (/See Sand-bur.) Chaetochloa glauca. (iSee Yellow Foxtail.) Chaetochloa italica. (iSee Millet. ) Chsetochloa viridis. (See Green Foxtail.) Colorado Sand-grass (dndropogonhallii). This is very much like Big Blue-stem in appearance, but is probably less valuable for forage. It grows in sandy soils, and, because of its stout rootstooks, which are often several feet in length, it is a good sand binder. Cord-grass (Spartina cynosur aides). A common grass in sloughs and wet places throughout the Northwest. It, together with certain rushes and sedges, makes up the greater part of the early hay out in this region. The hay is coarse but nutritious, and is relished by stock. "The stems contain considerable sugar, and are eaten readily by stock" if the hay has been cut before they become too tough and woody. It is extensively used as a thatch for roofs of sheds and stables, and also for fuel. When made into firm "twists," it makes a fair substitute for wood, and often is one of the principal sources of warmth for people who through lack of funds or in times of scarcity can not get a suflicient supply of wood and coal. Cow Pea (Vigna catjang). Occasional under cultivation. At Brookings aiid Mellette, S. Dak., this plant made an excellent growth the past season, but failed to ripen seeds. It may prove to be a good plant for soiling purposes. Cyperus spp. There are several species of this genus which enter more or less into the native forage supply of this region. They grow in wet soil, and seldom occur in very great quantity. Cyperus erythrorhizos and C. speoiosus are the most important species as far as the forage question is concerned. Cyperus sch'w^einitzii. This sand-loving cyperus is probably of little importance as a forage plant, except, perhaps, in the sandy bottoms along streams or lakes. "Its chief use is for holding the sand and preventing the drifting, which is excessive in some locali- ties" (Brannon). Dactylis glomerata. (See Orchard-grass.) Dalea alopecuroides. This leguminous plant is quite abundant in the lower Missouri Valley region. It prefers dry sandy soils, and yields considerable forage, which stock eat quite readily. In some localities it is highly prized by stockmen. Deschampsia csespitosa. (See Tufted Hair-grass.) Desmodium cauadense. This is a common plant In low pastures and along the borders of woods. It grows 3 to 5 feet high, and produces a large number of leaves, which are relished by cattle and sheep. It goes by the name of "Meadow trefoil" or "Stick-seed." Distichlis spicata stticta. (See Salt-grass. ) Early Bunoh-grass (Eatonia obtusata). This is an excellent pasture grass because of its earliness and of the fine quality of the forage produced. It is not often present in any great quantity, however, but is most abundant in the moister regions, where it is much prized as an early pasture grass. 16 Eatonia nitida. (.See Short-leafed ^aionia.) Eatonia peunsylvanica. This grass flourishes in moist meadows and open woods, but forms too small a part of the forage to be of much importance for either pasturage or hay. Like early bunch grass, howerer, the forage is of excellent quality. Bleocharis spp. (iSee Spike-rush.) Elymus canadensis. (See Wild-rye.) Blymus macounii. (Macoun's Wild-rye.) Elymus virginicus. {See Lyme-grass.) Eragrostis major. {See Stink-grass.) Eragrostis purshii. {See Southern Spear-grass.) Eriocoma cuspidata. {See Indian Millet.) Eurotia lanata. {See Winter Fat.) False Buffalo-grass {Munroa squarrosa). A low-growing grass of dry, sandy soils. Stock seldom eat it on account of its harsh stems and rigid, pointed leaves. It is said that the agricultural ants collect the seeds of this grass for their store of winter food. False Redtop. (See Poaflava and Panicum virgatum.) Feather Bxinch-grass (Stipa viridula). Very abundant in dry, sandy soils, furnishing a large amount of forage. The "spears" of this grass are not so injurious as are those of the other two species of Stipa occurring in the Dakotas. Festuca elatior. {See Tall Fescue.) Festuca elatior pratensis. {See Meadow Fescue.) Festuca octoflora. {See Slender Fescue.) Festuca ovina. {See Sheep's Fescue. ) Pine-topped Salt-grass {Sporobolus asperifolius). More or less abundant in saline soils in the western part of the Dakotas. Cattle are not very fond of it, but will eat it when other forage is scarce, and as it thrives on soils that will grow but few other grasses it may toe valuable in some localities. Floating Meadow Foxtail. {See Wild Water Foxtail.) Fowl Meadow-grass {Poaflara.) This is one of the most valuable of the native species of Poa. It occurs in both dry and moist soils, but reaches its best development in the latter. In many locali- ties in the eastern part of both States it furnishes a large portion of the forage. It is particularly valuable on lowland meadows that are occasionally overflowed. In the Sioux Valley at Brookings, S. Dak., this grass sometimes furnishes 50 per cent of the hay cut from the meadows near the river. Glyceria airoides. Grows in old lake beds and in sandy alkaline basins. It is most abundant in the Bad Lands. In the latter region it often furnishes considerable forage. Glyceria aquatica. {See Eeed Meadow-grass.) Glyceria fluitaus. (Floating Manna-grass.) 17 Glyceria nervata. {See Nerved Manna-grass.) Great Bulrush {Sdrpus laoustris). Though sometimes eaten by stock, this plant is of little importance for forage, unless perhaps, in very marshy land. Green Foxtail {Chmtochloaviridis). A weedy grass, becoming more or less abundant in cultivated lauds. "It grows luxuriantly on rich ground, and may be used for hay with profit if cut early." Screenings composed largely of the seeds of this and other Foxtails are often fed to calves and poultry with most excellent results. Hairy Vetch ( Vida villoaa). (See Sand Vetch.) Holy Grass. (See Sweet-grass.) Hordeum jubatum. (See Squirrel-tail.) Hordeum nodosum. (See Wild Barley.) Hosackia purshiana. (See Wild Vetch.) Hungarian Grass {Chwtochloa italica germanioa). (See Millet.) Indian Millet {Erioeoma cuapidata). This is one of the bunch-grasses of the Bad Lands, where it is regarded as a good forage plant. After fruiting, the stems and leaves become hard and woody and then are not much eaten by stock unless better forage .is scarce. However, stock are very fond of the ripened seeds, which are said to be very nourishing. It usually occurs in sterile, broken soil where but few other grasses will grow. Indian Rice (Zizania aquatica). This grass is quite plentiful in running water through- out the region east of the Missouri Eiver. It is often so abundant in the Sioux Eiver as to cover the entire bed of the stream for long distances. All kinds of stock eat it with relish, and cattle and horses will wade out into the water and bite off the grass down to the surface of the water. In dry seasons when the water is low the grass is cut and used for fodder. The seeds are a favorite article of food of the Indians, and are also often used by the white settlers. During their fall migrations the wild fowl come to the rice-iilled streams by thousands, for they are very fond of the seeds of this grass. It is a valuable plant for use in seeding down the waters of game preserves (fig. 5). Juncusspp. (See Bog-rush.^ KafBr Corn {Andropogon sorghum var.). This forage plant has received considerable attention in the Dakotas during the last few years. The chief obstacles in the way of its culture have been the cold, often late springs, which kept the plants from making sufficient growth to allow the cultivation necessary to keep the weeds in check, and the short sea- sons, which do not allow many of the varieties to ripen seed. However, many farmers have succeeded in growing the hardier varieties with excellent results, and it is not unlikely that Kaffir Corn may soon become one of the principal 8604— No. 6 2 Fig. 5. -Indian Rice {Zizania aquatica). 18 sources of the supply of coarse forage for this region. Both red and white varieties were grown very successfully on the Hunter farm at Mellette, S. Dak., the past season, as also on the station farm at Brookings, and farmers from various parts of both States give very encouraging reports of their attempts to grow this crop. Kalm's Chess (Bromus Icalmii). Usually too rare to be of much importance as a forage plant. It grows in dry, open woodlands and, so far, has been found to be most abundant in the Turtle Moun- tain region. Kentucky Blue-grass (Poapratensis). This grass is pretty generally distributed over the eastern portion of both Dakotas, either in the wild or in the cultivated state. "It makes the best development in rich moist meadow lands, where it yields well in both hay and pasturage. It matures early and does well when mixed with other grasses, and hence is valued for upland pastures." It is an excellent grass for use in reseeding worn-out places in the native pastures. The dry weather of midsummer often causes it to dry Tip considerably, but stock like it even in that condition. It starts early and also makes a good growth after the September rains, and hence forms an important element in the forage of the season. Koeleria cristata. (See Prairie June-grass.) Lathyrus palustris. (See Native Meadow Pea.) Lathyrus venosus. A very pretty native pea growing on shaded banks, said to be ''eaten greedily by cattle and hogs." Little Blue-stem (Andropogon scoparius). This blue-stem is found throughout the Northwest on dry prairies and hillsides. Early in the season it is eaten by stock, but it soon becomes so tough and woody :. that the animals will not eat it unless forced to do so. The dense clusters of woody stems are very difficult to cut, and will almost ruin an ordinary mower if much of the grass is present in the hay meadow. In the Bad Land "basins" it is the most conspicuous grass seen, and forms very dense bunches of tough, wiry stems seldom eaten by cattle or horses. Iiong-leafed Prairie-grass (Sporobolus longifolius). More or less abundant in rather dry, sandy meadows and along hillsides and edges of fields. It yields a large amount of forage, which is eaten by stock while young and fresh or when properly cut and cured. Late in the season it develops so much woody tissue in the stems and leaves that neither cattle nor horses will eat it unless forage is scarce. It is possible that the plant could be utilized in the manufacture of paper, mats, etc., as the leaves are long and contain such an abundance of fibrous tissue. The grass flourishes in the vicinity of the waste water from artesian wells. Lyme-grass (Elymus tnrginicus). More or less abundant in open woods and dry meadows. It is an excellent grass for early pasturage, and also furnishes a considerable amount of hay in certain localities. It is frequently badly affected with ergot, and then the hay is injurious to stock unless cut early. In the lower Sioux and Missouri valleys this grass, together with Wild-rye {Elymus canadensis), furnishes much of the forage in woodland pastures. 19 Meadow Fescue (Festuoa eJatior pratensis). This fescue has given better results than any other large fescue tried in the North- west. It thrives best on rich, moist bottom lands, and is an excellent grass for mixtures for permanent meadows and pastures. It does not succeed well on dry upland or sandy soils, but can be used to advantage in seeding down sloughs or lake beds that have been drained. Meado'w-iush {Seirpus atrovirens and var. palUdua). Wet sloughs. It is readily eaten by stock and occasionally occurs in consider- able quantity in " Slough-grasshay." Meadb-w Trefoil. (See Desmodium cana- dense.) Medicago sativa. (See Alfalfa.) Melica hallii • A fescue-like grass found on dry rolling prairies. Probably of little impor- tance as a forage. Melilotus alba. («See White Sweet Clover.) Mesquite. (See Bouteloua spp.) Mexican 'Wood-grass (Muhlenhergia mexicana). A common grass in moist soil in open woods and thickets. It yields con- siderable forage, which is very nutri- tious, and in certain localities is of some importance in woodland pastures. Milk Vetch (fig. 6). (See Astragalus adsurgens.) Millet {ChcetocMoa italica and var. germanica). This is one of the widest-grown hay crops in the Northwest. It thrives on a variety of soils and gives abundant crops of coarse but nutritious forage. The best quality of hay is obtained by cutting just before blossoming, but after the heads are well formed. It gives better results when fed with other forage than when led alone. It is a common practice to give one feed per day of millet hay and one or two of timothy, prairie hay, or corn fodder. Millet requires but a short time in which to reach maturity, and hence is an excellent crop for the North- west, where the seasons are never very long at best. The fact that it can be sown late in the spring and still mature a good crop makes it a good plant to use in subduing weeds. Many different varieties are grown, but the forms of the so- called- " German " millets, as golden millet and Dakota millet, are preferred by farmers generally. Hungarian grass (var. germanica) is often grown, but is not prized as highly as either the "common" or the "German" millet on account of the lighter yield and a tendency to riemain in the soil for some years as a weed. Montana Sand-grass (Calamagrostis monianensis). A low-growing grass, inhabiting dry sandy soils. The root leaves are usually pro- duced in abundance and " furnish considerable pasturage early in the season and then 'sun-cure' on the buttes and hill-slopes, affording a large amount of winter feed." Fig. 6.— Milk Votch {Astragalus adsurgens). 20 Muhlenbergia mexicana. (See Mexican Wood-graBs.) Muhlenbergia pungens. (See Blow-out grass.) Muhlenbergia racemosa. (See Wild Timothy.) Muuroa squarrosa. (See False Buffalo-grass.) Narrow-leafed American Vetch (Vicia americana linearis). This is a low-growing vetch which is found in dry soil in fields and waste places. It enters quite largely into the forage of certain localities. It spreads rapidly in poorly cultivated fields, and hence is sometimes regarded as a weed. Native Meadoiw Oat-grass (Averta americana). "A bunch grass of the high prairies whichisnot widely distributed in North Dakota." When present, it furnishes valuable forage. Native Meadow Pea (Lathyrus palustris). Often quite abundant in moist meadows and edges of thickets. It is often present in considerable quantity in lowland hay and undoubtedly increases the feeding value materially. [Needle-grass (Stipa comata). Abundant in dry upland prairie soil in the central and western parts of the Dakotas. It often forms a large percentage of the prairie hay. It is not cut until the "needles" have fallen, in order that they may not injure stock. In many locali- ties on the high prairies between the James and Missouri rivers this grass often furnishes 50 per cent or more of the native hay. Nerved Manna-grass (Glyceria nervata). Abundant in shallow water and boggy meadows throughout the Northwest. It affords a large amount of excellent forage and forms an important element in lowland pastures and meadows. The seeds are a favorite food of wild fowl. This species, like Reed Meadow-grass, can be used to advantage in seeding down old sloughs or lake beds. Old Witch-grass (Panicum capillare). Common throughout the Northwest on waste and cultivated lands. Usually regarded as a weed, but often affords considerable forage in the fall, especially in stubble fields. The panicles break loose in autumn after the manner of Tickle-grass and are blown about by the wind, often in such numbers as to he quite troublesome. Orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata). Occasional in cultivation and as an escape. It seems to be quite hardy in some localities, and should be cultivated more widely in this region. "This plant has been cultivated to some extent in North Dakota. It is reported to do well if plenty of seed is sown early in the spring. It withstands our summers better than timothy and would evidently pay well to use with red clover for meadows" (Brannon). Oryzopsis mlcrantha. This grass is quite generally distributed throughout the central and western parts of the Dakotas. It grows in dry sandy soil, and, though tough and wiry, is nutritious, and is considered a valuable grass. It is sometimes called Indian Millet, but a better common name would be Small Indian-millet, which would distinguish it from Eriocoma. 21 Ozytropia lambertii. This plaut is generally classed as one of the "loco weeds," and most observers agree in saying that stock will not eat it unless forced to do so by scarcity of forage; but according to Professor Brannon, "it is eaten readily by stock, and is present in sufQcieut quantities to rank with the valuable native upland forage plants." Panicum oapillare. (.See Old Witch-grass.) Panicum crus-galli. (See Barnyard-grass.) Paiiicum miliaceum. (See Broom-corn Mil- let.) Panicum scribnerianum. (.See Small Panic- grass.) Panicum virgatum. (.See Switch-grass.) Phalaris arundinacea. (.See Eeed Canary- grass.) Phleum pr atense. ( See Tim othy . ) Phragmites vulgaris. (.See Eeed-grass.) Poa arida. (Bunch Spear-grass.) A native species found in rather dry meadows and swales. It is an excellent grass and is frequently present in sufficient quan- tity to form a considerable portion of the forage in native meadows and pastures. It is quite abundant in portions of the James and Sioux valleys, and is certainly worthy of trial under cultivatioi. It is one of the first grasses to start in the spring and is usually in bloom in early June (tig. 7). Poa buckleyana. This is one of the most valuable "Bunch- grasses" in the Northwest. It is not so abundant in the Dakotas as it is in the regions nearer the Rocky Mountains, but still occurs in sufficient quantity in some of the drier localities to be an important element in the native forage. Poa compressa. There are several varieties of this grass found in this region. Some have been intro- duced, while others seem to be indigenous. The form known as "Canadian blue-grass" seems to do best under cultivation. It is hardier than Kentucky blue-grass and will thrive on poorer soils, and hence is preferable for upland pastures. It seldom grows large enough to afford much hay, but as a pasture grass yields a large amount of very nutritious forage. It is an excellent grass for sheep pastures on account of its ability to endure close grazing and excess- ive trampling. A form of this species which is apparently indigenous grows almost as large as Kentucky Blue-grass and should be given a trial under cultivation. Poa flava. (Sec Fowl Meadow-grass.) Poa nemoralis. (See Wood Meadow-grass.) Fia. 7.— Bunch Spear-grass (Poa arida). 22 Poa nevadensis. Found in a "low, but dry, meadow near Grand Forks." Said to be quite abundant in this particular locality and to yield a large amount of excellent hay. It appears to be worthy of cultivatioii, Poa pratensis. (5ee Kentucky Blue-grass.) Porcupine-grass {Stipa apartea). Abundant in dry prairies in the eastern part of both States. From the James River west it is largely replaced by Needle-grass (Stipa comata). The " spears " are very injurious to sheep and often do more or leas injury to other stock. The plant produces an abundance of long root leaves which are valuable for forage. When closely pastured it can not develop seed, and hence is harmless, and the "spears" fall early, so that the hay may be obtained entirely free from them. Prairie June-grass {Koeleria eristata). This, one of the earliest native grasses, is abundant everywhere on dry prairies. Certain forms of it are also common in moist meadows in some localities. It is an excellent grass for early forage, and often forms a large part of the upland hay. It was much more plentiful the joast season than it had been for a number of years, furnishing as much as 50 per cent of the forage in some places. Stock- men prize it very highly. It is called " Prairie Timothy " in some localities. Red Clover {Trifolium pratense). Cultivated in the older-settled portions, and often occurring as an escape in moist, protected ditches along railroads and waste places, where it seems to thrive quite well. It is being quite successfully grown in South Dakota in the Sioux Valley and in the Big Stone Basin. At Sioux Falls it has been grown with timothy for many years with very satisfactory results. " Various reports are given regard- ing its possible cultivation in North Dakota. The average opinion seems to be that it can not be successfully grown here. Personal observation teaches that it does well when sown in moist upland meadows which are somewhat protected, and that it does much better when mixed with timothy than when sown alone. Itdeserves to be cultivated more extensively" (Brannon). Red-top (Agrostis alba vulgaris). Cultivated more or less extensively in the moister portions of both States. Professor Brannon says "it yields a heavy crop in low, rather moist meadows, and does quite well on higher, dry ground." It does well in South Dakota in moist situa- tions, and should be given a prominent place for mixtures to be sown on boggy lands or lake beds. Reed Canary-grass (Fhalaris arundinacea). Common in low, moist meadows throughout the Northwest. In some localities it is being cultivated with good success. "It yields a large supply of excellent hay, which is greatly relished by all stock. The leaves remain green after fruiting, and the grass may be cut quite late and yet make very good hay. All observa- tions and collections of this grass show that it is one of the most profitable low- land grasses in the State, and may be cultivated with confidence in moist or boggy soils" (Brannon). Reed Fescue (Scolochloa arundinacea). Eather a rare grass, growing in the shallow waters of sloughs and lake beds, occasion- ally occurring in sufficient quantity to form an important element in the lowland hay. It yields heavily, but is not very rich in the more important nutrient sub- stances. It fruits abundantly, and might be used to advantage on very wet meadow lands. 23 Reed-grass (Phragmitea vulgaris). More or leas abundant thiougbout in sloughs and margins of lakes and streams. It grows too large to be very valuable as a forage plant. While it is young it is often eaten by stocli, and it is sometimes used lor fodder, but its principal use is for thatching granaries and stock sheds. The "plumes" are much used for dry bouquets in winter decorations. On the sand bars along the Missouri River the rootstocks grow to an enormous length. Reed MeadoTiv-grass {Glyceria aquatica). Common in shallow water, often furnishing a considerable part of the hay obtained from wet boggy meadows. The forage is relished by stock, but is not high in feeding value. The seeds are produced in abundance and form an important part of the food of wild fowl. It is a good grass for use in reclaiming old sloughs, bogs, and lake beds. River Club-rush {Scirpns fluviatilis) . This rush is (juite abundant in many places along fresh-water streams, lakes, and ponds and in sloughs. It is one of the most important of the rushes growing in this region, furnishing a large amount of forage which is relished by stock early in the season. It is an important element in "slough grass h'ay," and, though coarse, is readily eaten by stock and contains a high percentage of crude protein. It yields an abundance of seed, which makes an excellent food for poultry and has even been fed to cattle and horses with good results. It should be crushed or ground up when fed to stock, on account of the very hard seed coats. The large shallow lakes common in parts of the Dakotas arc often almost entirely covered with this plant. Very frequently the lakes dry up in the latter part of the summer and many hundreds of tons of hay are cut from them. Rush (Sdrptts spp. and Juncus spp.). For the more important kinds see Bog-rush, Eiver Club-rush, and Meadow-rush. Russian Thistle {Salsola tragus). This vile weed has become quite generally distributed throughout the Northwest. When other forage is scarce stock will eat this plant quite readily either in the fresh state or when cured for hay, especially if, iu the latter case, it is mixed with oat or millet hay. It has been fed to sheep with best results and many farmers in this region have wintered their flocks with little else in the shape of "roughness." But while many follow this practice if the "thistle " is already present on the farm, no one would recommend it to be sown for forage on account of its pernicious habits as a weed. Rhynchospora capillacea. (See Slender Beak-rush.) Salt-bushes (Atriplex spp.). These plants occur in greater or less abundance in saline soils throughout the North- west. One or two species have been introduced and several are indigenous. In many places in central and western Dakota these plants constitute a large part of the vegetation and furnish much of the native forage. All kinds of stock eat them with greater or less readiness and sheep are particularly fond of them. It is quite probable that some of the Australian salt-bushes could be introduced with profit into the regions where our native species flourish. Salt-grass {Distichlis spicata slriota). Abundant in saline soils throughout the Northwest. It is seldom eaten by stock unless there is a scarcity of better grasses. In the Bad Lands and elsewhere on the ranges, however, it is of considerable importance, as it thrives on soils that will produce but few other grasses. Sheep eat it more readily than other stock. II; thrives along the irrigating ditches where they run through the "alkali" spots. 24 Sand-bur (Cenchrus tribuloides). This grass occurs in great abundance in sandy soil in the Missouri Valley and, though stock eat it while young, it is regarded as a vile weed on account of the " burs" which are formed by the matured spikelets. Sand Vetch ( Vicia villosa). This vetch is one of the hardiest legumes that has been cultivated for forage in the Northwest. It endures drought perfectly, grows rapidly, yields well, and is in condition to use at a time when the native forage is likely to be short on account of the dry weather of July and August. Its feeding value is very high and the forage in the fresh or dry state is greedily eaten by stock. At Brookings, Mel- lette, and elsewhere in South Dakota, as well as in North Dakota, it has given the best results. For summer soiling, for which it is most valuable, it may be sown in April or May, using a bushel to a bushel and a half of seed per acre with a like quantity of oats or other small grain. It should be fed in connection with plenty of prairie grass, grain straw, and like forage in order that all of the pro- tein may be utilized. Green Corn, Cane, or Kaffir Corn can be fed with it to good advantage. The only obstacle in the way of the general cultivation of this vetch is the scarcity of seed and the difficulty in savingit in any large quantity, due to the habit of the plant of ripening seed in such small amounts at a time and continuing to bud and blossom until it freezes up in the fall. Savastana odorata. (See Sweet-grass.) Schedonnardus paniculatus. {See Wild Crab-grass.) Scirpus atrovirens pallidas. (See Meadow-rush.) ScirpuB fluviatilis. (See Eiver Clnb-rush.) Scirpus lacustris. (See Great Bulrush.) Scirpus robustus. (See Sea Club-rush.) Scolochloa arundinacea. (See Eeed Fescue.) Sea Club-rush (Scirpus robustus). More or less abundant in brackish water in both the Dakotas. What has been said regarding the uses of Eiver Club-rush will apply equally well to this species. Sedges (Carex spp.). There is a great variety of sedges growing in this region. Though most of them are too rare to be of much economic importance, there are a few which add mate- rially to the native forage in certain localities. Giant Sedge ( Carex aristata) and Upright Sedge (C. stricta) aiford a large amount of hay and pasturage on wet, l>oggy lands. Straw-colored Sedge ( Carex etraminea) and its relatives, with Sil- very-topped Sedge (Carex siccata) and Brown -topped Sedge (C. sartioellii) , a,dA more or less to the forage of the drier meadows. On the dry uplands Dwarf Sedge (Carex stenophylla) and other small species, like Carex pennsylvaniea aoA C. communis, form an important element in the pasturage, particularly early in the season before the true grasses have developed sufficiently for grazing. Sheep's Fescue (Festuca ovina). This is one of the most valuable of the Fescues for this region. Certain forms of this species are indigenous to the Black Hills region of South Dakota. Sheep's Fescue thrives on sandy soils and is an excellent plant for use in upland pastures, particularly those in which sheep are allowed to run. It is very hardv and grows well from seed. Eed Fescue (Featuca rubra) has also been cultivated more or less in the Dakotas, and in some respects is even more desirable than Sheep's Fescue. It forms a better sod and is a stronger grower. 25 Short-leafed Eatoiiia {Eatonia nitida). Found occasionally in the eastern part of North Dakota. The forage is of good quality, but the grass is too rare to be of much importance. Sisyrinchium angustifolium. {See Blue-eyed grass.) Slender Beak-rush (Bhynchospora capillacea). Rare and too small to be of any importance as a forage plant. Slender Cord-grass {Spartina gracilis). Much like the common Cord-grass, but smaller and of less importance agriculturally. It occurs in moist saline soils, and, to a certain extent, replaces the larger species in the western part of the Dakotas. Slender Fescue {Featnca octoflora). A slender annual found on dry, rocky knolls. It adds more or less to the forage during the early part of the season, but it ripens its seeds and dries up so early that it is of little importance agriculturally. Its chief value lies in the fact that it thrives on soils upon which few other grasses will grow. Slender Wheat-grass {Agropyron tenerum). This is one of the best of the wheat-grasses. It is not so aggres- sive as some of the other species, as it does not spread by means of underground stems. It responds quickly to cultiva- tion and gives heavy yields of first-class hay. It should receive more attention from farmers and stockraisers. (/See fig- 1.) Slough-grass (Bechmannia et-ucceformis) . Abundant in sloughs and wet places. While young it is much relished by stock, and often forms a considerable amount of the forage in low pastures and meadow lands. The hay, though readily eaten by stock, is not rich in crude protein, and hence is not so valuable as that of many other grasses in this region. In the artesian basin this grass is spreading rapidly along the streams formed by the waste water from the wells, and it seems possible that it may become an important grass in localities where better species can not be grown (fig. 8). Pia. 8.— Slough-grasB (Beckmannia eru- cce/ormis) . Small Panic-grass (Panicum scribnerianum). Not uncommon in rather dry upland meadows, furnishing a small amount of nutri- tious forage. Smooth Brome-grass {Bromus inermis). An introduced species, which is rapidly becoming one of the most important forage plants of this region. Its hardiness, heavy yield of both forage and seed, and the ease with which a good stand can be obtained make it a very desirable grass for permanent meadows and pastures. It is not a good grass to use in short rotations, as the very characters which render it so hardy and so desirable for permanent fields enable it to persist in the soil, and hence it may become a weed under such conditions. Sorghum {Andropogon sorghum vars.). The saccharine sorghums are often cultivated for the manufacture of molasses and also for forage. For the latter purpose they are usually sown broadcast or In 26 drills and cut and fed green as a soiling plant or cured for hay. They are very greedily eaten by stock of all kinds, and nearly all who have tried growing them for forage are well pleased with the results obtained. The Early Amber varieties seem to be the favorites in this region, particularly the one known as Minnesota Early Amber. Southern Poverty-grass {Sporobolus vaginceflorus). This species is very common in eastern and southern South Dakota in dry soil along railroad grades, in waste places, and neglected fields. Though often eaten by stock, it affords but little forage and has practically no agricultural value. Southern Spear-grass {Eragrostis purslni). More or less common in dry soil, in waste places, and along railroad grades. Of little value agriculturally. Spartina cynosuroides. (. Dry soil of uplands, rare. Fanicum scribnerianum Nash. (Panicum scoparivm of the manuals). North Dakota: Merrifield (Brannon 10), Oakes. South Dakota: Rosebud (Wallace 28), Brookings, Aurora County. Rather dry, open ground. It is common in the Sioux Valley, but it is apparently rare elsewhere. 32 Panicum scribnerianum leibergii Scribn. Soutli Dakota: Brookiugs (Wilcox 16). Low, moist prairies and bottom lands, not yet found outside of the Sioux Valley. Distinguished from the species by its larger size, more conspicuously tuberculate- hairy leaves and sheaths, and contracted panicle. It has much of the aspect of P. xanthophysum Gray, but that species has smooth leaves and the lower empty glume is longer. Faziicum virgatum L. North Dakota : Dunseith (Brannon 99), Minot, Church's Ferry, Minnewaukon, Dick- inson, Grand Forks, Fargo, Oakes. South Dakota: Frankfort (Griffiths 53), Huron (Griffiths 22), Aberdeen (Griffiths 82, 132), Brookings (Wilcox 15), Aurora County (Wilcox 54), along Firesteel Creek, Watertown, Sioux Falls, White Eiver (Wallace 3, 4, 5). Generally on moist prairies and bottom lands, but occasionally found in drier soils. The last one of Mr. Wallace's specimens is a very much dwarfed form. Fanicum ■wilcoxianum Vasey. South Dakota : Brookings. Dry soil, rare. It probably occurs elsewhere in the State, being confused with P. scribnerianum and P. depauperatum, between which it is intermediate. Chsetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn. in Bull. 4, Div. Agros., p. 39 (1897). South Dakota : Frankfort (Griffiths 54), Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Aurora County. Cbsetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. I. e. Cultivated more or less extensively throughout the agricultural regions of both States, and often occurring as an escape in old fields and waste places. Chaetochloa italica germanica (Mill.) Scribn. {Panicum germanicum Mill.) North Dakota: Webster's Chapel (Brannon 55), Church's Ferry, Langdon, Grand Forks, Fargo. South Dakota : Brookings, Aberdeen, Watertown, Sioux Falls. Cultivated, and occa- sionally escaped. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. I. c. North Dakota: Devil's Lake (Brannon 50), Minot, Bottineau, Fargo, Grand Forks, Dickinson, Oakes. South Dakota: Aberdeen (Griffiths 123), Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Aurora County. In dry soil of cultivated fields. Ceuchrus tribuloides L. South Dakota: Pierre (Griffiths 30, 34), Chamberlain, Vermilion, Elk Point. Sandy soil in fields and waste places. ORYZBiE. Zizania aquatica L. SouthDakota: Huron (Griffiths 8), Tacoma Park (Griffiths 118), Brookings (Wilcox 33, 34), Sioux Falls. Edges of streams and lakes. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. SouthDakota: Frankfort (Griffiths 49), Huron (Griffiths 10), Redfield (Griffiths 79), Brookings, Davison County (Wilcox 28), Bear Creek (Wallace 64). Wet places along margins of streams. 33 Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 70), Sioux Falls, Aurora County. Low, -wet places in woods and on banks of streams. PHALARIDE^. Pbalaris arundinacea L. North Dakota: Church's Ferry (Brannon 59), Grand Forks, Merrilield, Devil's Lake, Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 71), Aberdeen (Griffiths 127), Mellette (Griffiths 147), Aurora County (Wilcox 38), Antelope Creek (Wallace 42). On low, wet ground or in shallow water; occasionally found in cultivation. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. North Dakota: Willow City (Brannon 80), Grand Forks (Brannon 4), Devil's Lake, Langdon, Minot, Church's Ferry. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 17), Iroc[uois, Oak wood Lakes. Moist meadows and fields. AGROSTIDE^. Aiistida basiramea Engl. On the Waupsipinicon River, Iowa (Wilcox 30). Dry soil. Aristida fascicularis Torr. South Dakota: Canning (Griffiths 43), Redfield (Griffiths 68), Aurora County (Wil- cox 35), Rosebud (Wallace 34), White River (Wallace 33). Aristida gracilis Elliott. Waupsipinicon River, Iowa (Wilcox 31). Dry banks, etc. Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr. North Dakota: Devil's Lake (Brannon 54), Merrifield (Brannon 23), Dickinson (Bran- non 122), Grand Forks, Bottineau, Willow City, Church's Ferry, Oakes, James- town, Mandan. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 47), Aberdeen (Griffiths 86), Aurora County, Huron, Blunt, Indian Creek. Dry, sterile soils, most abundant in the regions west of the .] ames River. Stipa spartea Trin. North Dakota: Church's Ferry (Brannon 72), Grand Forks (Brannon 12), Devil's Lake, Bottineau, Minot, Dickinson, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Mill bank, Aurora County. Dry upland prairies, most abundant east of the James River. Stipa viiidula Trin. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 113), Dickinson, Oakes, Jamestown, Bismarck, Mandau. South Dakota: Aberdeen (Griffiths 130), Huron, Blunt (Griffiths 107), Brookings (Wilcox 11), Aurora County (Wilcox 40), Rosebud (Wallace 35). In dry soil of high prairies. Sporobolus airoides Torr. South Dakota: White River (Wallace 38), Indian Creek. Dry, sterile soil of the Bad Lands region. Sporobolus longifolius (Torr.) Wood. North Dakota : Oakes. 8604— Fo. 6 3 34 South Dakota: Frankfort (Griffiths 48), Eedfield (Griffiths 71), Brookings, Aurora County (Wilcox 21), Indian Creek (Wallace 32), Eee Heights (Griffiths 45). Dry, rather sandy soil, in prairies and along railroad grades. Sporobolus asperifolius Thurb. South Dakota: Aurora County, Indian Creek, Iroquois (Wilcox 67). Dry, sterile soil, abundant in the Bad Lands and on the ranges west of the Missouri. Sporobolus brevifolius (Nutt.) Scribn. (S. cuspidatus of the manuals.) North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 48), Medora (Brannon 139), Minnewaukon (Brannon 65), Dickinson, Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 12), Eedfield (Griffiths 70), Frankfort (Griffiths 60), Huron (Griffiths 12), White Eiver (Wallace 37), Indian Creek (Wallace 36), Aurora County (Wilcox 52, 53). Dry soil, throughout both the Dakotas. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr. ) Gray. North Dakota: Medora (Brannon 125), Oakes. South Dakota: Pierre (Griffiths 25, 32), Scatterwood (Griffiths 91, 104), Aurora County (Wilcox 6). Dry, sandy soil. Sporobolus heterolepis Gray. North Dakota: Willow City (Brannon 77), Minot (Brannon 112), Dickinson (Bran- non 132). Sooth Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 10), Sioux Falls, Flandreau. In dry soil along the borders of swales and on hillsides. Sporobolus vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Vasey. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aberdeen (Griffiths 94), Eedfield (Griffiths 65), Pierre (Griffiths 36), Wessington (Griffiths 42), Huron, Iroquois, Aurora County (Wilcox 20). Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. North Dakota: Girard Lake (Brannon 88), Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aberdeen (Griffiths 133), Eedfield (Griffiths 77), Huron (Griffiths 21), Pierre (Griffiths 28, 35), Aurora County (Wilcox 26), White Eiver (Wallace 30). Dry bottom lands. Muhlenbergia mexicana Trin. South. Dakota : Huron (Griffiths 6), Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aurora County (Wilcox 25). Moist bottom lands. Griffiths' No. 6 is a form approaching the preceding species. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. South Dakota: Eosebud (Wallace 61). Sandy soil of "blow outs," etc. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. North Dakota: Eugby Junction (Brannon 96), Dickinson. South Dakota: Bad Lands along the Cheyenne Eiver (Wallace 39). In sterile, sandy soil, growing in dense bunches. Oryzopsis micrantha Thurb. South Dakota : Top of Sheep Mountain, near Cheyenne Eiver (Wallace 40). Sterile, sandy soil. Phleum pratense L. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 18), lola, Church's Ferry, Hillsboro, Fargo, Oakes. 35 South Dakota: Millbank, Watertown, Brootings, Sioux Falls, Mellette (Griffiths 144), Plaukinton. Cultivated lands. Alopecurus geniculatus L. South Dakota: Head of White Willow Creek (Wallace 56). Wet soil. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Soribu. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 30), Devil's Lake, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Salem, Aurora County (Wilcox 55, 69), Eose- bud (Wallace 28). Wet, boggy meadows, and in shallow water. Agrostis alba L. North Dakota: Red River Valley. South Dakota: Brookings, Frankfort (Grifiaths 56), Eedfield (Griffiths 78), Sioux Falls. Agrostis scabra Willd. North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 82), Langdon, Grand Forks, Dunseith (Bran- non S8), Rugby Junction, Minot (Brannon 111), Medora, Fargo, Dickinson, Willow City (Brannon 81). South Dakota: Brookings (AVilcox 64), Sioux Falls, Salem, Huron, Aurora County, head of White Willow Creek (Wallace 41). In dry or moist soil everywhere. Calamagrostis americana (Scribn.) Scribn. Bull. 5, Div. Agros. , p. 27 (1897). (C. robusta Vasey, not Phillipi.) North Dakota: Willow City (Brannon 76), Church's Ferry, Gra,nd Forks, Oakes, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 48, 49, 61, 62), Plankinton (Wilcox), Huron, Aberdeen (Griffiths 95), Rosebud (Wallace 31). In moist soil of lowlands. Mr. Wilcox's No. 61 is a form with the inflorescence much more contracted than usual. Calamagrostis canadensis Beauv. North Dakota: Church's Ferry (Brannon 61, 63), Minot, Devil's Lake, Oakes, Fargo. South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls, Arlington, Aberdeen, Huron, Plankinton. In moist soil, becoming quite abundant along irrigating ditches and about reser- voirs. Calamagrostis scribneri Beal. {Calamagrostis dubia Scribn.). North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 91), Edinburg. Moist soil of low prairies. Calamagrostis montanensis Scribn. North Dakota: Medora (Brannon 130). South Dakota: Brookings, Rondell (Griffiths 129), Aurora County (Wilcox 44). Dry hills and prairies. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. North Dakota: Dickinson (Brannon 118), Medora, Mandan, Bottineau, Church's Ferry, Minnewaukon, Minot, Oakes, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 13), Sioux Falls, Salem, Iroquois, Huron, Water- town, Aberdeen (Griffiths 113, 136), Pierre (Griffiths 29), Aurora County (Wilcox 56), White River (Wallace 49). Sandy soil. 36 Deschampsia csespitosa BeauY. North Dakota: Inkster (Brannon 34). In moist soil of low meadows. Avena fatua L. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 49), Dickinson (Brannon 115). South Dakota: Castlewood (Griffiths 141), Elkton, Deuel County. In dry cultivated fields and along railroad grades. Avena americana Scribn. North Dakota: Langdon (Brannon 38). In dry soil on high prairies. Culms in hunches. Avena sativa L. North Dakota : Inkster (Brannon 40). Adventitious along roadsides. Extensively cultivated throughout both the Dakotas. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beanv. South Dakota : Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 142). Cultivated, and occasionally as an escape. CHLORIDES. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease. South Dakota: Aberdeen (Griffiths 121), Pierre (Griffiths 31), Aurora County (Wil- cox), Cheyenne River at the month of Battle Creek (Wallace 43). Dry sterile soil. Spartina oynosuroides Willd. North Dakota: Dickinson (Brannon 119), Red River Valley, Oakes, Mandan. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aberdeen (Griffiths 96, 116), Huron (Griffiths 3), Firesteel Creek (Wilcox). More or less abundant in sloughs and along irrigating ditches. Spartina gracilis Trin. North Dakota: Minnewaukon (Brannon 64), Bad Lands west of the Missouri. South Dakota: Aberdeen (Griffiths 125), Clark County (Carter), Cheyenne River at the mouth of Indian Creek (WiUiams and Wilcox, August, 1891). In moist, alkaline soils. Bouteloua racemosa Lag. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 107), Merrifield, Dickinson, Jamestown, Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 3, 4), Redfield (Griffiths 67), Aberdeen (Griffiths 83, 134), Frankfort (Griffiths 61), Huron (Griffiths 18), Firesteel Creek (Wil- cox), Medicine, Horse Creek (Wallace 10), Indian Creek (Wallace 9). Dry prairies and hillsides. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Aurora County (Wilcox 41). Dry soil of rocky knolls. Bouteloua oligostachya Torr. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 104), Dickinson (Brannon 133), Devil's Lake, Church's Ferry, Bottineau, .Tamestowu, Grand Forks, Oakes, Bismarck. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 1, 2), Aberdeen (Griffiths 137), Pierre (Griffiths 26), Huron, Sioux Falls, Salem, White River (Wallace 20, 47), Aurora County (Wilcox). 37 Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Eafin. North Dakota: More or less abundant along tlie Northern Pacific Railroad west of Jamestown. South Dakota: Aberdeen (Griffiths 122), Reddeld (Griffiths 66), Huron (Griffiths 11), Highmore (Griffiths 46), Firesteel Creek (Wilcox), Medicine Root Creek (Wallace 11), White River (Wallace 48), Aurora County (Wilcox 43), Iroquois (Wilcox 42). Dry prairies. FBSTUCACE^E. Munroa squarrosa Torr. South Dakota : Pierre (Griffiths 24), Little White River (Wallace 8), Cheyenne River (Wallace?). Dry, sandy soil. Fhragmites vulgaris Trin. North Dakota: Church's Ferry (Brannon 60), Minnewaukon, Minot, Sweet Briar. South Dakota: Brookings, Redfield (Griffiths 73), Canning (Griffiths 105), Aurora County (Wilcox). Wet, sandy soil, along margins of streams and lakes. Leptochloa fascicularis Gray. South Dakota: Brookings, Aberdeen (Griffiths 111), Aurora County, along Firesteel Creek (Wilcox 7). Margins of brackish pools. Eragrostis major Host. South Dakota: Brookings, Aberdeen (Griffiths 117), Pierre (Griffiths 23, 37), Sioux Falls, White River (Wallace 22). Fields and waste places. Eragrostis pectinacea spectabilis (Pursh) Gray. Iowa: Wanpsipinicon River (Wilcox 29). Eragrostis purshii Schrad. South Dakota: Brookings, Huron, Plankinton (Wilcox 9). Fields and waste places. Eragrostis reptans Nees. South Dakota: Brookings, Aurora County (Wilcox 46), Aberdeen (Griffiths 140), Huron. Banks of streams and dried-up ponds. The Aurora County specimens are more or less pubescent and have the spikelets in capitate cluster. They apparently belong to the var. capitata of Nuttall. Eatonia nitida (Sprengl.) Nash. (E. dudleyi Vasey). North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 11). Eatonia obtusata Gray. North Dakota: Dunseith (Brannon 95). South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 60), Aurora County (Wilcox), Rosebud (Wal- lace 25), White River (Wallace 58), Indian Creek (Wallace 59), Sioux Falls. Rather dry bottom lands. Eatonia pennsylvanica Gray. North Dakota: Pleasant Lake (Brannon 75). South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls. Open woods. Eoeleria oristata Pers. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 14), Devil's Lake, Langdon, Bottineau, Church's Ferry, Minot, Dickinson, Oakes, Jamestown, Fargo. 38 South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 37), Plana (Griffiths 131), Huron (Griffiths 1), buttes along the Keya Paha (Wallace 26), Eosebud (Wallace 27), White Clay buttes (Wallace 60), Sioux Falls, Salem, Iroquois, Aurora County (Wilcox 39). Dry prairies. Catabrosa aquatica Beauv. South Dakota: White Eiyer (Wallace 23). Wet, marshy ground. Melica hallii Vasey. North Dakota: Langdon (Brannon 45), Dunseith (Brannon 100). In dry soil of high, rolling prairies. Distichlis spicata striata Thurb. North Dakota: Church's Ferry (Brannon 62), Grand Forks, Bad Lands west of the Missouri Eiver. South Dakota: Brookings, Eondell (Griffiths 128), Aberdeen (Griffiths 112), Iroquois, Huron, Aurora County (Wilcox 36), White Eiver (Wallace 6), Bad Lands along Cheyenne Eiver (Wallace 57). Saline soil. Dactylis glomerata Linn. North Dakota : Eed Eiver Valley. South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls. Cultivated, and occasionally escaped. Poa arida Vasey. North Dakota: Merrifield (Brannon 19), Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings, Aurora County (Wilcox 32), Huron, Iroquois. . Moist ground. Poa buckleyana Nash. North Dakota: Merrifield (Braunon 24), Dickinson (Brannon 120), Devil's Lake, Church's Ferry. South Dakota: Bad Lands along White Eiver (Wallace). In dry soil of prairies and tops of buttes, forming dense bunches. Poa compressa Linn. South Dakota: Brookings, Highmore (Griffiths 47), James Eiver Valley, Iroquois, Chamberlain, Brown County. Dry soil, cultivated, and some forms apparently indigenous. Poa nemoralis Linn. North Dakota: Langdon (Brannon 39), Conway (Brannon 33), Dickinson (Brannon 126). South Dakota: Big Stone, Lake Hendricks, Brookings, Sioux Falls, Canning, Battle Creek (Wallace 19), Sand Lake. In dry soil. Nos. 33 and 126 of Professor Brannon's collection belong to the form known as Poa ecesia strictior Gray. Poa nevadensis Vasey. North Dakota : Grand Forks (Brannon 16). In low but rather dry meadows. Poa pratensis Linn. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 2, 17, 42), Langdon (Brannon 43), Inkster, Oakes, Fargo, Church's Ferry. South Dakota: Big Stone, Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aurora County, Huron, Aberdeen. Cultivated, and also occurring wild in moist prairie meadows. 39 Poa flava L. ( Poa serotina Ehrh . ) North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 13), Inkster (Brannon 32), Minnewaukon (Brannon 67), Churoli's Ferry (Brannon 73), Willow City (Brannon 83). South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Blunt, Lake Hendricks, Aberdeen (GrifSths 114). In both dry and moist soils. The specimens from Minnewaukon grew in a dry alka- line meadow. Glyceria airoides (Nutt.) Gray. North Dakota: Minnewaukon (Brannon 71), Medora (Brannon 136), Grand Forks, Inkster, Mandan. South Dakota : throughout the Bad Lands region. In moist, alkaline soils. G-lyoeria aquatica J. E. Smith. North Dakota : Monroe (Brannon 110), Grand Forks. South Dakota : Brookings, Aurora County, Frankfort (Griffiths 50), Medicine Horse Creek (Wallace 29). Shallow water. Glyceria fluitans R. Br. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 66), and elsewhere in the Sioux Valley. In shallow water. Glyceria nervata Trin. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 18), Sioux Falls, Aurora County, White River (Wallace 62), Bear Creek (Wallace 21). In wet, boggy meadows or shallow water. Scolochloa amndinacea (Lilj.) MacM. North Dakota: Webster's Chapel (Brannon 57). South Dakota : Brookings. Shallow water, apparently quite local in distribution. Festuca elatior Linn. South Dakota: Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 145). ^ Cultivated, and escaping here and there along roadsides. Festuca elatior pratensis Gray. South Dakota: Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 146). Cultivated, and occasionally escaping. Festuca octoflora Walt. North Dakota : A few specimens mixed with a miscellaneous lot of material collected at Langdon and Inkster. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aurora County (Wilcox 65). Dry soil on rocky hiUs. Bromus ciliatus Linn. North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 84, 92), Grand Forks, Girard Lake. South Dakota : Big Stone, Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Aurora County, Red- field (Griffiths 74). In dry soil of open woods. Bromus inermis . South Dakota : Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 143), Aurora County (Wilcox), Beadle County. Cultivated, and spreading into roadsides and fields. 40 Bromus kaltnii Gray. Nortt Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 79, 87). In open woods. HORDED. Agropyron caninum R. & S. South Dakota : Brookings (Wilcox 22), Iroquois, Huron. Dry fields and roadsides. Agropyron divergens Nees. North Dakota: Dickinson (Brannon 123). South Dakota: Bad Lands along Indian Creek (Williams and Wilcox, August, 1891). Dry hillsides and tops of buttes. Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith. Bull. 4, Div. Agros., p. 34 (1897). North Dakota: Medora (Brannon 127), Grand Forks, Inkster, Oakes. South Dakota : Brookings, Frankfort (Griffiths 55), Huron, Pierre (Griffiths 106), Cheyenne Eiver (Wallace 55). In rich but rather dry soil. Agropyron riobardsoni Schrad. (A. unilaterale Cass.) North Dakota : Dickinson (Brannon 131), Willow City, Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 72), Le Bean, Chamberlain. Dry prairie soil. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, Bull. 4, Div. Agros., p. 33. {Agropy- rum repens var. glauoum of the manuals. ) North Dakota : Willow City (Brannon 78), Church's Ferry, Inkster, Edinbnrg, Devil's Lake, Oakes, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings, Huron (Griffiths 17), Aberdeen (Griffiths 81), St. Lawrence (Griffiths 41), Sioux Falls, Salem, Aurora County (Wilcox 19), White Eiver (Wallace 44, 51, 52). In dry soil of prairies, roadsides, and neglected fields. Agropyron tenerum Tasey. North Dakota: Dickinson (Brannon 128), Church's Ferry, Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 45), Huron (Griffiths 5, 16), Frankfort (Griffiths 62), Eedfield (Griffiths 69), Aurora County, Canning, White Eiver (Wallace 53), Chamberlain, Bangor, Indian Creek. Dry bottom lands, along roadsides, and in neglected fields. Hordeum jubatum L. North Dakota: Dickinson (Brannon 117), Oakes, Fargo, Jamestown, Mandan. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Salem, Aurora County (Wilcox), Huron (Grif- fiths 13), Aberdeen (Griffiths 85), White Eiver (Wallace 54). Waste places in fields, along irrigating ditches, and in meadows. Abundant through- out the Northwest. Hordeum nodosum L. South Dakota : Sioux Emails. Margins of desiccated ponds, particularly where the soil is somewhat alkaline. Elymus canadensis L. North Dakota : Minnewaukon (Brannon 66), Devil's Lake, Minot, Grand Forks, Dick- inson, Oakes, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 63), Sioux Falls, Eedfield (Griffiths 75), Frank- fort (Griffiths 64), Pierre (Griffiths 27, 33), Aurora County (Wilcox 24), White Eiver (Wallace 16), Indian Creek (Wallace 17). In rather dry soil of open woods, meadows, and neglected tree claims. 41 Elymus macounii Vasey. North Dakota: Minot (Branuou 106), Grand Forks. South Dakota: Brookings, Big Stone, Frankfort (Griffiths 63), Huron (Griffiths 4). Dry bottom lands and neglected tree claims. Elymus robustns Sorihn. & Smith, Bull. 4, Div. Agros., p. 37 (1897). South Dakota: Mellette (Griffiths 139). Elymus stiiatus Willd. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 68). Open woodlands. Elymus virginicus L. North Dakota: Minot (Braunon 114), Bottineau, Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 5), Sioux Falls, Eedfield (Griffiths 76), Aurora County, White River (Wallace 45), Indian Creek (Wallace 18). Elymus sp. North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 85). Dry soil along the edges of thickets. " The heads bend downward shortly after the flowering season" (Brannon). TYPHACEiE. Typha latifolia L. South Dakota: Aberdeen (Griffiths 126). Becoming very abundant in the water from the artesian wells. CYPERACE^. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. &, Hook. South Dakota: Frankfort (Griffiths 57). Dry ditches. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Tacoma Park on the .Tames River (Griffiths 97). Cyperus sch-weinitzii Torr. North Dakota: Rugby Junction (Brannon 97). South Dakota: Rock Ridge Creek (Wallace 74), Rosebud (Wallace 75), Medicine Root Creek (Wallace 76). In dry sandy soil. Cyperus speciosus Vahl. South Dakota: Huron (Griffiths 9). Moist, shady places. Eleocharis acicularis R. & S. North Dakota: Pleasant Lake (Brannon 74). South Dakota: Brookings, Dell Rapids, Brady Creek (Wallace 73). Growing in dense mats along the banks of ponds or streams. Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. North Dakota: Conway (Brannon 35). South Dakota : Brookings. Wet, boggy soil. Eleocharis palustris L. North Dakota: Girard Lake (Brannon 103). South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls, Big Stone. In low, wet ground or shallow water. 42 Scirpus americanus Pers. (S. pnngens Vahl.) South Dakota: Brookings, Eedfield (Griffiths 80), Aberdeen (Griffiths 115a, b, o), Rosebud (Wallace 71). Moist soil and margins of lakes, ponds, and along irrigating ditches. Mr. Griffiths' specimens from Aberdeen show the variation of the species under different con- ditions of soil moisture. No. 115o, which grew in the water of an irrigating ditch, seems to be variety longisjiicatus Britt., but the plants are immature. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Rock Ridge Creek (Wallace 69). Wet, boggy land. Scirpus atrovirens pallidus Britt. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 31). South Dakota: Bear Creek (Wallace 72). Wet, boggy land. Scirpus fluviatilis Gray. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon25). South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aurora County (Wilcox), Aberdeen (Grif- fiths 119), Redfield (Griffiths 72), Huron (Griffiths 2). Shallow water. Very common along the borders of lakes throughout the Northwest and spreading very rapidly along irrigating ditches and about reservoirs. Scirpus laoustris L. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 15), Dunseith (Brannon 94), Devil's Lake, Fargo, Oakes, Jamestown. South Dakota: Big Stone, Lake Hendricks, Brookings, Sioux Falls, Running Water, Blunt, Aberdeen (Griffiths 102, 110), Aurora County (Wilcox), Rosebud (Wal- lace, 70). In shallow water of sloughs and along lake shores. Scirpus robustus Pursh. North Dakota: Minnewaukon (Brannon 69), Grand Forks. South Dakota: Brookings, Iroquois, Aberdeen (Griffiths 109), Miller (Griffiths 44), Aurora County (Wilcox). In brackish water of shallow lakes and along irrigating ditches. Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 89). In dense mats on boggy ground. Carex aristata R. Br. North Dakota: Girard Lake (Brannon 102a). South Dakota: Brookings, Tacoma Park (Griffiths 99), Plana (Griffiths 84), Aber- deen (Griffiths 93). Wet, boggy land. Carez assinniboiensis W. Boott ( ?). South Dakota : Oakwood Lakes (Griffiths 88). Woodlands. Carex festucacea Willd. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 116a), Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings. Sloughs. Carex filifolia Nutt. South Dakota: Top of Sheep Mountain in the Bad Lands near Cheyenne Elver (Wallace 75). 43 Carex flava L. North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 90). In boggy ground. Carex haydeni Dewey. South Dakota: Tacoma Park (Griffiths 99b). Sloughs. Carex lanuginosa Michx. North Dakota: Girard Lake (Brannon 102b), Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings, Iroquois, Aurora County. Moist, boggy laud. Carex laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott. South Dakota: Oakwood Lakes (Griffiths 87). Open woods. Carex meadii Dewey. North Dakota: Langdon (Brannon 37), Oakes. South Dakota : Brookings. Moist soil. Carex pennsylvanica Lam. ( ?). North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 29). Dry soil. Specimens immature. Carex retrorsa Schwein. South Dakota: Brookings, Flandreau, Aurora County. Wet, boggy meadows. Carex sartwellii Dewey. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 8, 27, 70). In sloughs and moist meadows. Nos. 8 and 27 are staminate and immature. Carex siccata Dewey. South Dakota: Brookings, Aurora County (Wilcox). Rather dry meadows. Carex stipata Muhl. South Dakota: Rosebud (Wallace 75). Carex striata Lam. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 9), Oakes. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aurora County (Wilcox). Wet, boggy meadows. Carex striota angustata Bailey. North Dakota: Girard Lake (Brannon 102c). South Dakota : Brookings. Low, damp ground. Carex tenera Dewey. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 116b). South Dakota : Brookings. Sloughs. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. South Dakota: Brookings, Chamberlain, White River (Wallace 74). Meadows. 44 Carex zerantica Bailey. North Dakota: Devil's Lake (Brannou 52). Sonth Dakota: Tacoma Park (Griffiths 98). Rather dry soil. JUNCACEiE. Juncus balticus Willd. North Dakota: Dunseith (Brannon 93), Knox, Grand Forks. South Dakota : Brookings. In wet bottom lands. Juncus bufonius L. South Dakota: White Eiver (Wallace 65). Wet, boggy places. Juncus nodosus L. North Dakota: Dickinson (Brannon 121). Sonth Dakota: Brookings, Iroquois, Sioux Falls. Low ground. Juncus tenuis WiUd. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 109). South Dakota: Brookings, head of White Willow Creek (Wallace 67), Rosebud (Wallace 68). In low, moist ground. Juncus torreyi Coville. North Dakota: Minnewaukon (Brannon 68), Devil's Lake (Brannon 51). South Dakota: Brookings, Iroquois, Medicine Root Creek (Wallace 66). Wet meadows. IRIDACE.S:. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 3), Langdon, Devil's Lake. South Dakota : Brookings, Aurora County (Wilcox), Aberdeen (Griffiths 101), Sioux Falls. POLYGONACEJG. Polygonum aviculare L. North Dakota: Oakes, Fargo, Jamestown. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Huron, Aberdeen, Aurora County (Wilcox). Dry soil in waste places and roadsides. Common everywhere in the Northwest. Polygonum erectum L. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Aurora County (Wilcox). Fields and waste places. Polygonum littorale Link. South Dakota : Brookings. Old iields and roadsides. CHENOPODIACE.Si. Chenopodium album L. North Dakota: Oakes, Jamestown, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings, Huron, Iroquois, Sioux Falls, Aberdeen, Aurora County (Wilcox). Fields and waste places. Abundant throughout. Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. South Dakota: Brookings, Huron, Iroquois, Aurora County (Wilcox 78). 45 Atriplez argenteum Nutt. South Dakota: Pierre, Aurora County (Wilcox), Wliite Eiver. In "gumbo'' soil. Atriplez hastatum L. South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Aberdeen, Aurora County (Wilcox). Waste places in saline soils, " gumbo flats," etc. Eurotia lanata Moq. Dry " alkali " soil in central and western South Dakota. Salsola tragus L. More or less abundant in both the Dakotas. LEGUMINOSiE. Medicago sativa L. Frequently seen in cultivation in both States. Melilotus alba Lam. North Dakota: Southern slope of the Turtle Mountains (Brannon). South Dakota: Brookings, Mellette (GriflSths 155), Sioux Falls, Brown County. Cultivated, and also escaped to roadsides, railroad embankments, and waste places. Melilotus officinalis Willd. North Dakota: Turtle Mountains (Brannon), Fargo. South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls. Cultivated, and occasionally escaped to waste places, etc. Iiupinus luteus L. South Dakota: Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 149). Cultivated; thriving in sandy soil. Trifolium beck-withii Brewer. South Dakota : Brookings. Moist meadows. Trifolium hybridum L. North Dakota: Grand Forks (Brannon 21), Church's Ferry, Hillsboro, Fargo. South Dakota: Brookings, Aberdeen, Mellette (Griffiths 150), Sioux Falls, Aurora County. Cultivated, and escaped to roadsides and meadows. Trifolium pratense L. North Dakota: Church's Ferry (Brannon 58), Grand Forks, Devil's Lake, Fargo, Jamestown. South Dakota: Brookings, Millbank, Sioux Falls, Watertown, Aberdeen, Mellette (Griffiths 151, 152), Plankinton (Wilcox), Huron, Miner County. Cultivated, and escaped to moist meadows, roadsides, and ditches. Trifolitim repens L. North Dakota: Oakes, Fargo, Jamestown. South Dakota : Brookings, Millbank, Sioux Falls, Salem, Huron, Aberdeen, Aurora County, Watertown, Miner County. Cultivated in pastures and dooryards, and escaped to roadsides and waste places. Hosackia purshiana Benth. North Dakota: Medora (Brannon 124), Dickinson, Minot, Fort Totten, Langdon, Grand Forks, Oakes, Jamestown, Mandan. South Dakota: Brookings, Aberdeen (Griffiths 92), Pierre, Chamberlain, Huron, Aurora County (Wilcox), Eedfield. 46 Sandy soil, abundant in the valleys of the James and Missouri rivers, and more or less common throughout both States. Fsoralea argophylla Pursh. Prairies throughout the Northwest. Fsoralea esculenta Pursh. Sandy or gravelly soil throughout. Dalea alopecuroides Willd. South Dakota: Aurora County (Wilcox). Sandy soil. Abundant in the lower Missouri Valley. Astragalus adsurgens Pall. North Dakota: Bottineau (Brannon 86), Oakes. South Dakota : Brookings, Aberdeen, Huron, Salem, Iroquois, Aurora County (Wil- cox 83). In dry soil on high prairies. Astragalus bisulcatus Gray. North Dakota: Manvel (Brannon 1), Grand Forks. South Dakota : Bad Lands between the White and Cheyenne rivers. Astragalus canadensis L. South Dakota: Brookings (Wilcox 81), Iroquois, Sioux Falls, Aurora County (Wil- cox). Astragalus caryocarpus Ker. North Dakota: Minot (Brannon 105), Dickinson, Grand Forks, Oakes. South Dakota : Brookings (Wilcox 79), Watertown, Sioux Falls, Aberdeen, Huron, Aurora County (Wilcox). Dry soil on rolling prairies. Astragalus flexuosus Dougl. North Dakota : Grand Forks (Brannon 6), Devil's Lake. South Dakota: Brookings, Aurora County (Wilcox), McPherson County, Iroquois, Lake Hendricks (Wilcox 80). Dry prairies. Astragalus hypoglottis L. North Dakota : Grand Forks (Brannon 7), Inkster, Oakes, Jamestown. South Dakota : Brookings (Wilcox 82), Salem, Huron, Watertown, Aberdeen, Aurora County (Wilcox). Dry prairies and banks of coulees. Astragalus missouriensis Nutt. South Dakota: Aurora County (Wilcox 77). Prairies. Astragalus plattensis Nutt. South Dakota: Aurora County (Wilcox), Salem (Wiloox 78). Sandy soil. Oxytropis lambertii Pursh. North Dakota: Inkster (Brannon 36), Langdon, Devil's Lake, Grand Forks, Oakes, Jamestown. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Watertown, Aberdeen, Eedfield, Aurora County (Wilcox). Dry soil on high prairies. 47 Desmodium canadense D. C. North Dakota: Fort Totten (Brannon 53), Edinbnrg, Grafton. South Dakota : Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois. Rich soil on the borders of woods, etc. Vicia americana Muhl. North Dakota: Inkster (Braunon 5), Grand Forks (Brannon 47), Manvel. South Dakota : Brookings (Wilcox 85), Sioux Falls, Iroquois, Aurora County (Wilcox). Moist meadows and thickets. ' Viola americana linearis Watson. North Dakota: Manvel (Brannon 22). South Dakota: Brookings, Iroquois, Watertown, Salem, Big Stone. Dry fields and meadows. Vicia villosa Eoth. South Dakota: Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 154). Cultivated, and rarely as an escape. Vigna catjang Walp. South Dakota: Brookings, Mellette (Griffiths 153). Cultivated. Iiathyrus palustris L. North Dakota: Merrifield (Brannon 20), Grand Forks, Inkster. South Dakota: Brookings, Sioux Falls, Iroquois. Moist meadows, banks, and ditches. Iiathyrus venosus Muhl. North Dakota: Union (Brannon 44), Edinburg. South Dakota : Brookings, Lake Hendricks. In rich soil of meadows and thickets, climbing to a height of 4 to 8 feet, and pro- ducing a dense tangled growth. o Bulletin No. 7, Revised Edition. U. S. DEPAETMENT OP AaEIOULTUEE. DIVISION OP AGBOSTOLOGT. [Grass and Forage Plant Investigations.] AMERICAN GRASSES--I { ILLTJSTR A-rrEr). ) F. L-A-Dynsoisr-scieiBiTEK, AGEOSTOL'OGIST. WASHINGTON: GOVEENMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1898. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Department of Ageicultuke, Division of AGEOSTOLoaY, Washington, D. C, April 23, 1898. Sir: I submit herewith copy for a new and revised edition of Bulletin No. 7 of this division, and recommend its publication. This bulletin contains 302 illustrations of native and introduced grasses, accompanied by brief descriptions and notes upon the distribution of each. The law governing the publications of this Department limited the first edition of Bulletin No. 7 to 1,000 copies, which was quieWy exhausted ; and as applications for it are continually being received, a new edition is neces- sary to meet this demand There are also some slight revisions and corrections necessary to bring the work up to date. Manuscript for a similaa? bulletin illustrating over 300 additional species is now ready for the press, and when published can be bound with No. 7, which may be treated as Part I of "American Grasses Illus- trated." Notes upon the use and value of the species of economic interest were published in Bulletin No. 3 of this division, "Useful and Ornamental Grasses."' The drawings are all from carefully selected specimens, the habit sketches being made by Mr. A. H. Baldwin. The enlarged details were drawn by myself, with the exception of a few which were made by Miss M. D. Baker. The engraving is the work of Mr. L. S. Williams and Mr. George P. Bartle. The work has all been done in the office of the division, with the exception of that performed by Mr. Bartle. EespectfuUy, F. Lamson-Sceibnee, Agrostologist. Hon. Jambs Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. 3 INTRODUCTION. In order to make the present publication more useful to students of grasses, the order Graminese and the sev- eral tribes into which the order has been divided by our best authorities are here briefly characterized. Under the tribes the genera which are native or have been introduced are enumerated, and those having species figured in this bulletin are marked with an asterisk (*). GRAMINB.a3— GRASSES. Characters of the order. — Fibrous-rooted, annual or perennial, herbaceous (rarely woody) plants, with usually hollow, cylindri- cal (rarely flattened) and jointed stems (culms) whose internodes for more or less of their length are enveloped by the sheath-like basal portion of the two-ranted and usually linear, parallel veined leaves ; flowers without any distinct- perianth, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, solitary or several together, in spikelets, which are arranged in panicles, racemes, or spikes, and which con- sist of a shortened axis (the rachilla) and two or more ohaif-like, distichous imbricated bracts (glumes), of which the first two, rarely one or none or more than two, are empty (empty glumes) ; in the axil of each of the succeeding bracts (excepting sometimes the uppermost) is borne a flower (hence these are named flowering glumes). Opposed to each flowering glume, with its back turned toward the rachilla, is (usually) a two-nerved, two-keeled bract or prophyllum (thepalea), which frequently envelops the flower by its infolded edges. At the Ijase of the flower, between it and its glume, are usually two very small hyaline scales (lodicules) ; 5 6 rarely there is a third lodioule between the flower and the palea ; stamens, nsually three (rarely two or one, or more than three) with very slender filaments and two-celled, usually versatile anthers; pistil witli a one-celled, one-ovuled ovary, and one to three, usually two, styles with variously branched, most fre- quently plumose, stigmas; embryo small, lying at the front and base of the seed, covered only by the thin pericarp; fruit a earyopsis, rich in albumen. (In Sporobolua and Eleusine the thin pericarp is free from the seed. ) Number o/species.^There are about thirty-flve hundred known species of grasses, varying in size from the moss- like Goleanthus of the ISTorth to the tree-like bamboos of the Tropics, which tower to the height of 30 m. or more; and ranging in distribution from Kergueleii Land on the South to the extreme limit of vegetation beyond the Arctic Circle. There is no order of plants more widely distributed, or existing under a greater diversity of soil and climate, and no other order presents such a vast number of individual plants or is so important and directly useful to man. Sbbibs a. — Panicacb^. Spikelets one- rarely two-flowered ; when two-flowered the second or terminal one is perfect, the first or lower one being either staminate or neuter; rachilla articu- lated below the empty glumes, the spikelets falling from the pedicels entire, either singly, in groups, or together with the joints of an articulate rachis. The first six tribes belong to this series. Tribe l.—Maydew. Spikelets unisexual, the staminate forming a part of the inflo- rescence with the pistillate, or each in a separate inflorescence on the same plant; flowering glumes hyaline or much less firm in texture than the outer ones; axis of the female spikelets usually articulated. This is a small tribe, uumbering only sixteen species classed in seven genera. They are nearly all natives of the Tropics, chiefly in the Old World. Indian corn, or maize, is our best known example of the Maydese. Euchlisna Schrad. Zea Linn. Tripsacum Linn.* Tribe II. — Andropogoneee. Spikelets in spike-like racemes, two at eacli joint of the articu- late rachis, one sessile and hermaphrodite, one pedicellate, the latter hermaphrodite, staminate, neuter, or reduced to the pedicel alone; glumes usually four, the first and second empty, larger and much firmer in texture than the others, the third usually empty, with a staminate flower in its axil, very rarely awned, the fourth or flowering glume hyaline, usually awned, awn usually twisted or geniculate. This tribe contains about four hundred species divided among twenty-nine genera, of which the genus Andropo- gon, with one hundred and ninety species, is by far the largest and probably the most important. Sugar cane belongs to this tribe in the genus Saccharum. Our best known representatives of the Andropogonese are the common broom sedge, Andropogon virginicus, and the big blue stem, Andropogon provincialis. In the same genus are now classed our species of sorghum. The members of the tribe are distributed throughout the tropical and warmer regions of both hemispheres. Imperata Cyr.* Haokelochloa Kuntze.* Miscanthus Anderss. (Manisuria Sw. not Linn.) Saccharum Linn. Trachypogon Nees. Erlanthns Michx.* Elionurns HBK. * Manisuris Linn.* Andropogon Linn.* (Botfboellia Linn, f.) Tribe III. — Zoysiece. Spikeleta solitary or in groups of two to eight, each group fall- ing as a whole from the continuous rachis, usually one-flowered, hermaphrodite, or staminate and hermaphrodite iu the same group; flowering glniue less firm in texture than the awned or awnless outer ones, which are herbaceous, chartaoeous, or coria- ceous; the first glume is usually larger than the' second. A small tribe, nuuibering aboiit twenty-five species which represent nearly half that number of genera. Fifteen species are natives of the tropical and warmer temperate regions of America. Black grama, or Oal- leta, as the Mexicans name it, species of Hilaria, are our best-known representatives of the tribe. Hilaria Kunth.* Nazia Adans. {Tragus Hall). ^gopogon HBK. Zoysia Willd. Tribe IV. — Tristegineai. Spikelets all hermaphrodite, in panicles ; empty glumes three, or the third with a staminate flower in its axil, herbaceous or chartaceous; flowering glumes membranaceous, awned or awn- less; rachilla articulated below the empty glumes. A small tribe of only seven genera and thirty-three species, natives chiefly of the tropical regions of the Old World. Of the few American species none extend so far north as the United States. Tribe V. — Panieeai. Spikelets hermaphrodite, terete or flattened on the back; glumes three or four (rarely only two) ; when four there is occasionally a staminate flower or a palea in the axil of the third; the upper- most or flowering glume of the hermaphrodite flower is always firmer in texture than the outer glumes, of which the first is usually smaller than the others; axis of the inflorescence not articulated, the rachilla being articulated below the empty glumes, the spikelets falling off singly from their pedicels. Tliis is one of the largest tribes iu the order Granii- ue*. It contaius twenty-two genera with over six hun- dred and thirty species. Panicum, the principal genus, is the largest among grasses, numbering three hundred species. The Panicem are very widely distributed throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Crab-grass and the millets are among our best known examples of this tribe. Eeimaria Flugge.* Oplismenus Beauv. Paspalum Linn.* Chsetochloa Scribn.* Anthfenantia Beauv. (Setaria Auct.) AmpMcarpon Raf. * Cenchrus Linn.* Eriochloa Kunth.* PenniSetum Pers. " Panicum Linn.* Stenotaphrum Trin.* Tkibb VI. — Oryzeai. Spikelets usually much compressed laterally, one-flowered, etamiuate, pistillate, or hermaphrodite; empty glumes two or none, the flower being subtended by the floral glume and palea alone, the latter one-nerved and regarded by some as a second glume ; stamens frequently six; axis of the inflorescence not artic- ulated. A small tribe of about fbrty species divided among sixteen genera, mostly confined to tropical America. One of the best known and most extensively used of the cereals, rice (Oryza sativa), belongs here. Hydrochloa Beauv. Zizania Linn. Pharus Linn. Oryza Linn. Luziola Juss.* Homalocenchrus Mieg.* Zizaniopsis Doell and Asoh. (Leeraia Sw. ) Series B. — Poaoe^. Spikelets one- to many-flowered, the imperfect or rudi- mentary flower, if any, usually uppermost; rachilla 10 usually articulated above the empty glumes, so that these remain after the fall of the fruiting glume.^ In spikelets with two or more flowers these are separated by a manifest internode of the rachilla, and in such cases the rachilla is usually articulated below each flowering glume. Tribe VII. — Phalaridem. Spikelets more or less laterally compressed, one- or rarely three- flowered ; glumes five, the first two empty and below the articu- lation of the rachilla, the third and fourth above the articulation, usually empty, very unlike the outer ones, rarely subtending staminate flowers, sometimes reduced to mere bristles, the fifth glume with a one-nerved or nerveless palea and a hermaphrodite flower. A small tribe, comprising six genera with about sixty species of comparatively little importance. Several of the species, sweet vernal grass and vanilla grass, are remarkable for possessing a peculiar fragrance due to their containing coumarin. Canary-grass is one of the best known members of this tribe. Phalaris Linn. * Savastana Sehrank. * Anthoxanthum Linn.* (ffierocftioe Gmelin). Tribe VIII. — Agrostidece. Spikelets all hermaphrodite, one-flowered with three glumes, the first two empty (very rarely wanting), usually as long as or exceeding the third or floral glume; rachilla sometimes pro- longed behind the palea into a naked or plumose bristle. Palea two-nerved (one-nerved in Cinna), nerveless, or (in some Agroatia species) wanting. ' Alopecurua, Cinna, Spartina, and Holciis among our grasses, have the rachilla articulated below the first pair of glumes, and the spikelets fall off entire. 11 This is, next to the Festucece, the largest tribe in the order, numbering seven hundred species arranged in forty-six genera. The species are distributed through- out all the temperate and colder regions of the world and many occur within the Tropics. The genus Agrostis, from which the tribe derives its name and from which comes the word " agrostologist," has about one hundred species, found in all parts of the world, especially in the north temperate zone. Some of our most important meadow grasses — notably Herd's-grass and timothy — belong to this tribe, Aristida Linn.* Sporobolus E. Br.* Stipa Linn.* Epicampes Presl.* Oryzopsis Michx." Polypogon Deaf. Erioeoma.* Limnodia L. H. Dewey.* Milium Linn. * ( Thurleria Benth. ) Muhlenbergia Sohreb.* Arotagrostis Griseb. Brachyelytrum Beauv."* CinnaLlnn.* Lyourus Kunth. Agrostis Linn." Pereilema Presl. Gastridium Beauv. Heleocbloa Host.* Calamagrostis Eotb. * Phleum Linn.* Ammophila Host. * , Alopeourus Linn.* Calamovilfa Scribn.* Goleanthus Seld. Apera Adans. Phippsia E. Br.* Lagurus Linn. Tribe IX. — Avme(e. Spikelets two- to several-flowered ; outer empty glumes usually longer than the first floral glume; one or more of the floral glumes awned on the back or from between the teeth of the bifid apex ; awn usually twisted or geniculate ; the callus, and usually the joints of the rachilla, hairy. A tribe comprising twenty-three genera and over three hundred species widely distributed in the tem- perate regions of both the Old and the New World, particularly abundant in South Africa and Australia, a few extending beyond the arctic circle. 12 Several of the species are valued as forage plants. Cultivated oats, Avena sativa, is tbe best-known ex- ample of this tribe. Holcus Linn., in part." Trisetum Pers.» AiraLinn.* Avena Linn.* Weingaertneria Bernh. * Arrhenatherum Beauv.* {Corynephorus Beauv.) Dauthonia DC* Deschampsia Beauv.* Tribe X. — Chloridew. Spikelets one- to several-flowered in one-sided spikes or racemes ; these racemes digitate or fasciculate, rarely solitary; flowering glumes usually keeled, entire and unawned, or toothed, and with one or three straight awns. A small tribe of twenty-seven genera and one hun- dred and fifty-five species, characterized chiefly by the inflorescence, which is nearly that of Paspalum. The awns when present are not dorsal nor twisted, as in AgrostidecB and Avenece. Chiefly natives of tropical and subtropical countries; a few are widely distributed as weeds throughout the warmer parts of the world. A number are good turf- forming grasses, and are valued for grazing purposes. One of these is the celebrated buffalo-grass of the Western plains, which is remark- able for having the staniinate and pistillate spikelets separate and in unlike inflorescences, either upon the same plant (monoecious) or upon different plants (dioe- cious). Capriola Adans. * Schedonnardus Steud.* (Cynodon Veis.) Bouteloua Lag.* Spartina Sehreb.' Beckmannia Host.* Campulosus Desv." Eleusine Gaertn.* (Cteniuvi Panzer). Daotyloctenium Willd.* ChlorisSw.* Leptochloa Beauv,* Trichloris Fourn.* BulbilisRaf.* Gymnopogon Beauv. * {Buchloe Engelm. ) 13 Tribe XI. — Festucew. Spikelets two- to many-flowered, usually hermaphrodite, pedicel, late in racemes or panicles, the latter sometimes dense and spike- like; flowering glumes usually longer than the empty ones, awnless or with one to several straight (rarely bent) awns which are either terminal or borne just below the apex. This is the largest tribe in the order, numbering seventy-six genera and about seven hundred and twenty-five species. It contains the most important meadow grasses of the temperate regions as well as the more prevalent grasses of the higher mountains within the Tropics. The genus Poa, which includes Kentucky blue-grass, Texas blue- grass, etc., numbers one hundred species, and an equal number of species are included in the genus Uragrostis. The Fescues number eighty species, and the tribe takes its name from this genus — Festuca. Orchard grass, Dactylis glomerata, is a well- known example of this tribe. Melica Linn.* Koryoarpus Zea.* (Diarrhetia Kaf.) Pappophorum Sohreb.* CotteaKunth.* Cathestecum Presl.* Scleropogon Philippi.* Monanthochloe Engelm. MunroaTorrey.* Orcuttia Vasey.* Gynerium HBK. Arundo Linn. Phragmites Trin.* Blepharidaehne Hack. (EremocMo'e S. Wats.) TriodiaK.Br.* Siegliugia Bernh. Eedfieldia Vasey.* Dissanthelium Trin." Moliuia Schrank. Eragrostis Host. * EatoniaEaf.* Koeleria Pers.* Catabrosa Beauv. * Pleuropogon K. Brown. Uniola Linn." Distichlis Eaf.* Briza Linn.* Dactylis Linn.* Cynosurus Linn." Lamarckia Moench.* Poa Linn." Colpodium Trin. Duponti^, E. Br. Scolochloa Link. Graphephorum Desv.* Panicularia Fabr.* {GlyeeriaB,. Br.) Puccinellia Pari.* Festuca Linn.* Bromus Linn. 14 Tribe XII. — Sordece. Spikelets one- to many-flowered, usually hermaphrodite, seBsile along the common rachis, forming a simple or compound spike ; ' glumes awued or awnless. A small tribe of twenty genera and about one hun- dred and thirty species. It is an important division, however, for it includes rye, barley, and the many vari- etiesof wheat. English and Italian Eye-grasses {Lolium species) are the chief meadow grasses of the tribe. Nardus Linn. " Secale Linn. Lolium Linn.* Triticum Linn. Lepturus E. Br. Hordeum Linn.* Scribneria Hack.* ElymusLinn.* Agropyron Gaertn. ' Asperella Humb.* Tribe XIII. — Bambusew. Spikelets two- to many-flowered (rarely only one-flowered) in racemes or panicles; empty glumes at the base of the spikelet two to several ; flowering glumes many-nerved, awnless, or very rarely short-awned; culms woody, at least near the base, iind perennial; leaf blade usually with a short petiole articulated with the sheath from which it finally separates. A comparatively small tribe of twenty-three genera and about one hundred and eighty-five species. The species are confined chiefly to the region within the Tropics. Many of them are of very great importance to the natives of the countries where they grow. Manu- factured articles of bamboo, either of use or for orna- ment, are now a part of the commerce of the world. The bamboos are remarkable for their woody stems and often arborescent or tree-like habit of growth, some of the ' Strictly the spike is simple when the sessile spikelets are one- flowered, and compound when they are more than one-flowered. .15 species attaining the height of 25 to 30 m. In parts of India they form extensive forests. One species in this tribe has leaves 2 to 5 m. long by 10 to 25 cm. wide; another, a Guban species, has leaves 5 to 8 cm. long and as fine as a horse hair. Fleshy and edible, apple-like fruits are borne by some of the species. Aiundinaria Michx. F. L. S. AMERICAIS^ GRASSES— I. (ILLUSTEATBD. ) BY F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER. 17 18337— No. 7 2 18 METRIC MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. The metric system adopted in this Bulletin is now quite generally employed in botanical and other scien- tific publications. For those unfamiliar with this sys- tem the following expression of equivalents may be useful : 1 millimetre (1 mm.)=oiie twenty-fifth of an inch — exactly 0.0394 inch. 1 oentimfetre(l cm.)=uearly one-half of an inch; 10 cm. ^ about 4 inches. 1 d^cimfetre (1 Fig. 132. Polypogou monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Beard- grass. — A smooth annual from a few centimeterB to 6 to 9 din. high, with awued 1-flowered spikelets crowded iii dense spike- like panicles. — In fields and waste places, sparingly naturalized along the Atlantic Coast from Kew Hampshire to South Carolina; abundantly on the Pacific Slope from California to Vancouver Island, and iu Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado. [Europe and Asia.] April-October. 151 Fig. 133. Limnodia arkansana (Nutt.); Dewey in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., 2: 518 {Greenia arkansana Nutt.; Thurberia arkansana Benth.). — Aslender annual 2 to 6 dm. high, more orlesa geniculate at the lower nodes, with soft, flat leaves and narrow, loosely flowered panicles 8 to 18 cm. long. Outer glumes sca- brous or pilose. — Shell banks, woods, etc., western Florida to Arkansas and southern Texas. April-.Tune. 152 Fig. 134. Cinna arundinacea L. Indian Eebd. — A tall, leafy grass 9 to 21 dm. high, with simple culms, flat leaf blades, and ample terminal panicles. — Shaded swamps, banks of streams and low thickets, Newfonndland to North Carolina, Alabama, Texas, South Dakota, and the Northwest Territory. May-September. 153 - FlG.135. AgrostishumilisVasey (^.variansTrin.fnotTliuill.). ^A dwarf, slender perennial 6 to 12 cm. high, with short, flat leaves and contracted, purplish panicles 2 to 3 cm. long. — Moist meadows, or mossy and springy places, at 2,100 to 3,000 m. altitude on the mountains of Colorado, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon, and Mon- tana. August, September. 154 Fig. 136. Agrostis coarctata Ehrh. {Stolonifera coaretata Eeichb). — A creepiug perennial with slender culms, the upright branches about 3 dm. high, short, flat leaves and narrow, rather densely flowered panicles 5 to 10 cm. long. — Damp soil and sands along the coast, Newfoundland to New Jersey. [Europe.] .luly- Oetober. A fine-leafed, excellent turf-forming species, valuable for lawns. 155 Fig. 137. Agrostis densifloraVasey ; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., 3: 72 (1892); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 326. Dknsely-flowerbd Bbnt. — A rather stout, ciespitose perennial 1.5 to 4.5 dm. high, with short and comparatively broad leaves and densely, many- flowered, almost spilje like panicles 3 to 8 cm. long. — Oregon and California, along the coast, apparently rare. July, August. 156 Pig. 138. Agrostis pringlei Scribn. sp. nov. — A strongly stolo- niferous grass, with rather slender, iipright or ascending culms 3 to 6 dm. high, narrow and rather rigid flat leaves, and loosely flowered, narrow panicles 5 to 15 cm. long. Flowering glumes much shorter than the acuminate outer ones, and remarkable for the long hairs on the callus. — Plains, Mendocino County, Cal- ifornia (Pringle), and northward to Oregon ( ?). August. 157 Fig. 139. Agrostis diegoensis Vasey (A. foliosa Vasey); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 328. — A strong-growing, leafy perennial 6 to 10 dm. liigli, from creeping rootstocks, with pale-green, narrow, and many-flowered panicles 15 to 20 cm. long. Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long; flowering glume short-awned or awn less ; palea wanting. — Mountains of southern California to Washington. May- August. 158 Fig. 140. Agrostis elliottiana Schnlt. {A. arachnoides Ell.). Spider Bbnt-grass. — A low, Ijrancliing annual, rarely exceeding 3 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and diffuse, capillary panicles. The flowering glume hears a long and very slender awn. — Dry hillsides and old fields, South Carolina to Kentucky and Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. April, May. 159 Fig. 141. Gastridinm lendigerum (L.) Gaudin. ((?. australe Beauv. ; Milium lendigerum Liinn.). Nit-grass.— A smooth annual 1.5 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaves and a strict, spike-like panicle 6 to 12 cm. long; cultivated for ornament. — Hills, naturalized, Cali- fornia and -Oregon; also in Texas. [Southern Europe,] June, July. 160 Fig. 142. Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 353 (as a var. of C. neglecta) ,—A. rigid, erect perennial 1.5 to 4 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with long basal leaves and dense, oblong, spike-like panicles 4 to 6 cm. long. — Wet ground and gravelly lake shores, California to Vancouver Island. July, August. 161 Fig. 143. Calamagrostis breviseta(A. Gray) Scribn. ; Britton and Brown 111. Fl., 1: 164 (C. piokeringii A. Gray). Shoht- AWNED Eeed-geass. — A slender perennial 3 to 5 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow or subpyramidal, rather densely flowered purplish panicles 8 to 12 cm. long. — Moist ground, Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island, and Labrador to New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts. July, August. 18337— No. 7 11 162 Fig. 144. Calamagrostis desohampsioides Triu. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 339. — A slfender perennial with culms 1.5 to 3 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with narrow leaves 3 to 7 cm. long and open, pyramidal panicles4to 8 cm. long. — Pribilof Islands, Alaska, southward to California. [Kamchatka.] August. 163 Fig. 145. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 346. — A stout, erect perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with long and rather stiff, flat leaves and densely many-flowered, narrow pani- cles 15 to 30 cm. long. — Along the seashore, in rocky or marshy places, Alaska and Unalaska to California. June-September. 164 Fig. 146. Calataagrostis t-weedyi Scribn. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 348. — A stout perenuial 7 to 10 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaves and densely flowered, spike-like panicles 8 to 12 cm. long. — Cascade Mountains, Washington. 165 Fig. 147. Calamagrostis bolanderi Thurb. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 352.— A stout perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, -svith flat leaves 10 to 30 cm. long and expanded, dark-purple panicles 8 to 20 cm. long. — Moist woodlands, northwestern California. August. 166 Fig. 148. Calamagrostis howellii Vasey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 339. — A densely ctespitosc, erect, leafy perennial 2.5 to 5 dm. high, ■vrith long and narrow basal leaves and open panicles 8 to 15 cm. long. Spikelets long-awned. — High mountains, Oregon and Washington. June-August. 167 Fig. 149. Amiiiophilaarenaria(L.) Link (^.arun^inacea Host.). Beach-grass, Marram-grass. — A coarse, erect perennial, witli- creeping rootstocks, rigid culms 6 to 12 dm. high, long leaves, and narrow, densely flowered, spike-like terminal panicles 12 to 25 cm. long. — Sandy coasts of the Atlantic from New Brunswick south to Virginia, and shores of the Great Lakes. [Europe.] July- October. 168 Fig. 130. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Scribn. {Arundo hrevi- pilis Torr.). Short-haired Eeed-grass. — A rather slender, smooth perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with very narrow leaves and open panicles 8 to 24 cm. long. — Sandy swamps in the pine bar- rens of New Jersey. August, September. 169 Fig. 151. Holcus lanatus L. Velvet Grass.— A perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with creeping lootstocks, flat leaves, and open panicles 5 to 8 cm. long; usually densely pubescent all over with soft, whitish hairs. — Introduced into this country from Europe with other grasses and now widely distributed. May-August. 170 Fig. 152. Aira caryophyllea L. Silvkry Hair-grass. — A slender, tufted annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with short leaves and small-flowered, open panicles 2 to 8 cm. long. — In sandy waste places, Massachusetts to Virginia; also on the Pacific Coast. In- troduced from Europe. May-August. 171 Fig. 153. Aira praecox L. KarlyWild Oat-grass. — A tufted, erect or ascending annual 2 to 12 cm. high, with a contracted panicle 1 to 2 cm. long. — Introduced and sparingly distributed in tbe Middle States near the coast, growiug in sandy soil. Also on Vancouver Island. [Europe.] May-July. 172 Fig. 154. Deschampsia holciformis Presl. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 370. Califokniax Hair-grass. — A stout, erect perennial 6 to 15 dm. liigli, witli long and rather rigid basal leaves and densely flowered, more or less interrupted panicles 12 to 24 cm. long. — Moist meadows, California near the coast. April. 173 Fig. 155. Deschampsia flezuosa (L.) Trin. Tufted Hair- grass. — A slender, erect perennial about 6 dm. high, with involute- setaceous, radical leaves and diffuse panicles. — Labrador south- ward along the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee, and westward from New York to Wisconsin. [Greenland and Europe.] May-August. 174 Fig. 156. Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Muiiro; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 371. Slender Hair-grass. — A slender peren- nial 3 to 12 dm. high, -with narrow panicles 15 to 38 cm. long. — Montana to British Cohimbia and southward on the Pacific Slope to Mexico. May-August. 175 Fig. 157. Deschampsia calycina Presl (Aira danthonioides Trin.). Oat-like Hair-grass. — A rather slender, erect, caespitose grass from 1 to 7 dm. high, with more or less spreading panicles. — Native along the Pacidc Slope from Canada to California, east- ward to Utah, and southward through Mexico to Pern. April- July. 176 Fig. 158. Deschampsia atropurpurea ( Wahl. ) Scheele. Moun- tain Hair-gkass. — A slender, alpine grass 1.5 to 4 dm. high, with flat leaves and few-flowered, nodding panicles 3 to 12 cm. long.— Labrador, White Monntains, Adirondacks, Rocky Mountains in Colorado, northward to Alaska. [Northern Europe and Asia.] July-September. 177 Fig. 159. Trisetum paluatre (Michx.) Torr. Marsh Oat- grass. — A Blender, loosely tufted perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat, soft leaves and loosely flowered, nodding, and yellowish green panicles. — On moist rocks, along brooks, in wet meadows, etc., Massachusetts to Illinois, south to Florida and Louisiana; British Columbia. April-June. 18337— No. 7 12 178 Fig. 160. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. {Aira subspioata L.). Downy Oat-grass. — A slender, erect perennial 1.5 to 4.5 dm. high, with usually downy culms and leaves and densely many-flowered, spike-like panicles. — M'^idely distributed in the cooler temperate regions of both hemispheres, ranging in North America from Labrador to Alaska and extending southward in the Eastern States to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennes- see, and in the West to New Mexico and California. June-Sep- tember. 179 Fig. 161. Trisetum montanum Vasey ; Beal, Grasses UT. Am., 2 : 379. EocKY Mountain Oat-grass. — A slender, erect, or ascend- ing native grass 3 to 8 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and many-flowered, more or less contracted panicles 8 to 12 cm. long, — Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. Jnly, August. 180 Fig. 162. Trisetum interruptum Buckl. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 376, under T. elongalum. Slender Oat-grass. — A Slender, erect annual 2 to 5 dm. high, with rather short, soft leaves and narrow, elongated panicles 4 to 10 cm. long. — Colorado to Texas, Arizona, and southern California. March-May. 181 Fig. 163. Trisetum canescens Biickl. ; Brewer and Wats., Bot. Calif., 2 : 296. Silvery Oat-grass. — An erect perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves, and more or less densely flowered pan- icles 12 to 18 cm. long. — In dry, open ground, open woods, thickets, and wet meadows, California to British Columbia, east to Mon- tana. May-September. 182 b ^'ii Fig. 164. Trisetum cernuum Trin. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 379. Nodding Oat-grass. — A slender perennial 6 to 10 dm. high, with rather hroad, flat leaves and loosely flowered, nodding pani- cles 12 to 20 cm. long. — Alaska to northern California and east- ward to Idaho. May-July. 183 Fig. 165. Avena americana (Scribn.) (A. pratensis vaT. ameri- canaScribn. ; A.hookeriScriba.). American Oat. — A rigidly erect perennial 3 to 6 dm. higb, with narrow, firm leaves, and con- tracted panicles 8 to 12 cm. long. — Open thickets and prairies, Manitoba, and in the foothills of the Eocky Mountains south- ward to Colorado. June-August. 184 Fig. 166. Avena mortoniana Scribn. ; Bot. Gaz., 21 : 133. Morton's Oat-grass. — A densely csespitose, erect perennial 1 to 2.5 dm. high, with rather rigid leaves and narrow, simple pani- cles of one- to two-flowered spikelets. — At 3,900 to 4,200 m. alti- tude, mountains of Colorado. August. 185 Fig. 167. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) B«auv. (Avena elatior L.). Tall Oat-grass.— Aloosely tufted perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow, loosely flowered panicles 15 to 20 cm. long. — Introduced from Europe as a fodder grass. Valuable ; in Europe regarded as one of the best meadow grasses. May, June. 186 Fig. 168. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. {Avena spicaia L.). Wild Oat-grass. — A smooth, slender, erect perennial 2.5 to 5 dm. high, with a few-flowered, narrow panicle spreading only in flower. — Common in dry, thin soils from Canada southward to the Gulf States and westward to Texas. May-September. 187 Fig. 169. Danthonia compressa Anstin. Tennessee Oat- grass. — A slender, erect, tufted perennial 2 to 6 dm. high, with long, narrow root leaves, and few- flowered open panicles. — Moun- tain regions of eastern Tennessee and North Carolina northward to Canada. June-A;igust. 188 Fig. 170. Danthonia sericea Nutt. Silky Oat -grass.— A rather stout, erect perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with usually pubes- cent sheaths, rather rigid leaves, large spikelets, and terminal, few-flowered panicles. — Open woodlands in dry soil, Massachu- setts and New Jersey to Florida and west to Tennessee and Ala- bama. May, June. 189 Fig. 171. Capiiola dactylon (L.) Kuutze (Panicum dactylon L. ; Cynodon dactylon Pers.). Beemuda-grass. — A creeping perennial, with npright or ascending, leafy flowering branches 1 to 6 dm. high.— Widely dispersed over the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world, in the United States from Pennsylvania south- ward to Florida and westward to Texas and California. April- October. (The name Capriola majj belong to Panicum sanguinale.) 190 Fig. 172. Spartina polystachya (Michx.) Ell. (Trachynotia 2>ol!/stachya). Salt Rbed-gkass. — A stout, erect perennial 12 to 27 dm. high, with long, flat leaves and terminal panicles of twenty to fifty crowded, ascending spikes 5 to 10 cm. long. — Brackish marshes along the coast, Maine to Mississippi. July-October. 191 Fig. 173. Spartina cynosuroides (h.) Willd. Freshwater Cord-grass. — A stout, erect grass 6 to 18 dm. high, with un- branched, smooth culms from strong, scaly, creeping rootstocks, long, tough leaf blades, and five to twenty spilies, forming a ter- minal panicle. — River banks and \aMe shores, also braclcish coast marshes, Maine and Nova Scotia to Assiniboia and Oregon, south to New Jersey, western Tennessee, Texas, and Colorado. July- October. 192 Fig. 174. Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. {Daclylis patens Ait.; Svartina jwncea Ell.). Fox-grass. — A rather slender and some- what wiry grass 3 to 6 (rarely 9) dm. high, with two to four slen- der, erect or widely spreading spikes. — Salt marshes and sandy shores along the coast from Newfoundland to Florida and west- ward to Texas. June-September. 193 Fig. 175. Spartina gracilis Trin. Western Cord-grass. — A comparatively slender, perennial species 3 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaves, and three to nine rather short, appressed spikes. — Mead- ows, swamps, and river bottoms, especially in alkaline soils, South Dakota to Kansas, west to British Columbia, Nevada, and Cali- fornia. March-August. 18337— No. 7 13 194 Fig. 176. Spartina junciformis Engelm. & Gray (orealeToTi.,not Griseb.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 448. Purple-grass. — A slen- der, Ijranchmg and apparently annual species 2 to 4 dm. high, ■with narrow, involute leaves aud densely flowered, spike-like, lead-colored or purplish panicles 1 to 7 em. long. — Eocky hills, canyons, and open plains, western Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] July-September. 240 Fig. 222. Pappophorum apertum Scribn.; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9: 148; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 447. — A csespitose peren- nial 3 to 8 dm. high, with long, narrow, mostly Involute leaves and narrow, pale, or often straw-colored panicles 15 to 20 cm. long. — Valleys, western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. June. 241 Fig. 223. Cottea pappophoroides Kth. Cotta-geass. — An erect, branching perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, flat, pilose leaves and oblong, open panicles 9 to 18 cm. long; spike- lets two- to six-flowered, floral glumes many-parted. — In canyons, western Texas to Arizona. [Mexico and South America.] August- October. 18337— No. 7 16 242 Fig. 224. Cathestecum prostratum Presl (C. erectnim, Vasey and Hack.); Beal, Grasses N.Am., 2 : 452. — An extensively creep- ing, slender perennial, with upright flowering branches 1 to 3 dm. high, narrow, flat leaves, and clustered spikelets in terminal or lateral racemes. — Dry mesas and hluifs along the Rio Grande; western Texas. [Mexico.] July-October. 243 Fig. 225. Scleropogon brevifolius Philippi (Tricuapis mon- sirosa Munro; Lesourdia multiflora and L. karwinskyana Fourn. ^. — A wiry, creeping perennial with densely tufted, upright, leafy branches 1 to 2.5 cm. high, and unisexual spikelets : the pistillate long-awned, the staminate awnless. — Dry mesas and canyons, Colorado to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southward into Mexico and South America. May-October. 244 Fig. 226. Monanthochloe littoralis Engelm. Salt Cedar.^ A creeping grass, with hard, woody stems, and crowded, subulate, rigid leayes 2 cm. long or less. — Rooky shores and salt marshes along the coast, southern Florida, extreme southern Texas, south- ern California. [Lower California.] May, June. 245 Fig. 227. Muuroa squarrosa (Nntt.) Torr. Faisb Buffalo- grass. — A low, diffusely mucli-branched annual, with crowded and sharply pointed, rigid leaves 0.5 to 2.5 cm. long. — Prairies and dry plains, South Dakota to Texas, west to Alberta, Montana, Colorado, and Arizona. June-October. 246 Fig. 228. Orouttia californlca Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 457. — A low, much-branched, csespitose annual 0.5 to 1 dm. high, the numerous stems hearing three to six spikelets near the apex. — Southern aud Lower California. April. 247 Fig. 229. Phragmites vulgaris (Lam.) B. S. P. (P. communis Trill. ; Ar undo vulgaris Lam. ; A. phragmites L. ). Common Ebed. — A tall, stout, perennial grass, with stout, creeping rootstocks, numerous broad, attenuate-pointed leaves, and a large ovoid- pyramidal, purplish, terminal panicle. — Margins of lakes and rivers and in brackish coast marshes, almost everywhere in the United States and southern British America. [Widely distrib- uted in temperate regions of both hemispheres.] August-October. 248 Fig. 230. Triodia eragrostoides Vasey &. Scribn. {Sieglingia eragrostoidesDeyrey) ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 465. — An Erect, leafy perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and open, small-flowered panicles 2 to 3 dm. long. — Rocky banks, etc., sonth- ern Texas, southern -Florida. [Northeastern Mexico.] June- October. 249 Fig. 231. Tiiodia texana S. Wats. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 466. — ^A slender, wiry grass 3 to 6 dm. Ligh, with very narrow leaves and loosely few-flowered, nodding panicles 10 to 15 cm. long. — Rich valley land, dry places, etc., Louisiana and Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] June-August. 250. Fig. 232. Triodia ambisua(Ell.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2; 465, sub. Sieglingia {Poa amUgua Ell.). — An erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and open, pyramidal panicles 10 to 20 cm. long. — Dry, open, pine barrens near the coast, South Carolina to Texas. July-October. 251 Fig. 233. Triodia albescens (Mnnro) Vasey (Sieglingia albes- cens Kuntze); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 469. White Top. — A csespitose, erect perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and densely flowered, spike-like panicles 9 to 15 cm. long. — Texas. August-October. 252 Fig. 234. Triodia nealleyi Vasey ; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club., 15 : 49 (1888) ; {Sieglingia nealleyi Dewey ; Bcal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 470). — A slender, glaucous, ofespitose perennial, 3 to 4 dm. high, with flat or conduplioate leaves, and densely flowered, linear or ovoid pani- cles 4 to 5 cm. long. — Canyons and ridges, southwestern Texas. September. 253 Fig. 235. Triodia acuminata (Munro) Vasey {Sieglingia acu- minata Kuntze) ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 470.— A slender, densely tufted perennial 1.5 to 2 dm. high, with short leaves, and simple, dense, oblong panicles 1.5 to 3 cm. long. - Poor, gravelly soil, hill- sides, etc., Texas to Arizona, north to Colorado and Indian Terri- tory. [Northern Mexico.] April-June. 254 Fig. 236. Triodia pulohella HBK. (Sieglingia pulchella Kuntze) ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 468. — A low, densely tufted and often creeping perennial 2 to 15 cm. high, with very narrow leaves and crowded spikelets in clusters of three to six, which are equaled or exceeded by the upper leaves. — Western Texas to Nevada and southern California. TNorthern Mexico.] February-June. 255 Fig. 237. Triplasis americana Beauv. {Sieglingia americana Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 466). — A slender, cjespitose grass, with wiry culms 4 to 9 dm. high, rather short, narrow leaves, and few- flowered, simple panicles 3 to 10 cm. long; the pubescent awns 5 to 7 mm. long. — Dry, sandy soil near the coast, North Carolina to Mississippi. July-October. 256 Fig. 238. Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey (Graphephorum (?) flexuosum Thxiih.); Britton and Brown, 111. Fl.,1: 186. Eed- fikld's-gbass. — A stout, native perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with very long, narrow leaves and diffuse, capillary panicles 2.5 to 60 cm. long. — Sand hills and " blow-outs," Kansas and Nebraska to Indian Territory, Colorado, and Wyoming. July, August. 257 Fig. 239. Dissanthelium californicum (Nntt.) Benth. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 473 {StejiocMoa californica Nutt.). — A slender, glabrous, branching annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with short, narrow leaves and contracted, spike-like panicles 4 to 8 cm. long. — Santa Catalina Island, southern California, and Guadaloupe Islands, Lower California. September. 18337— No. 7 17 258 Fig. 240. Eragrostis neo-mexicana Vasey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 485. Crab-grass (m New Mexico). — A rather stout, branching and leafy annual 3 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and ample, difl'use panicles 20 to 40 cm. long. — Texas to southern Cali- fornia (ascends to 1,500 m. in Arizona). August. A valuable hay grass resembling Teff (E. abyaainica). 259 Fig. 241. Eragrostia purshii Schrad. Southekn Speae- GBASS. — ^An annual, 1 to 4 dm. high, with the ereotTt' ascending culms diffusely branching near the base, and diffuse panicles of small, spreading spikelets. — Sandy river banks, waste ground, etc., Massachusetts and Ontario to South Dakota and California, south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona. [Mexico.] June-October. 260 Fig. 242. Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl. ; Britton and Brown, 111. iFl., 1: 190. Short-stalkbd Ekagrostis. — A rather rigid, branching perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with flat, spreading leaves and diffuse panicles 20 to 30 cm. long. Related to E. pec- tinacea. — Prairies, Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas. July- September. 261 Fig. 243. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. — An erect, csBspitose perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with a short, atout rootstock and large, spreading, red-purple panicles. — Dry, sandy soil in the open, Massachusetts to South Dakota and Colorado, south to Florida and Texas. J uly-October. 262 Fig. 244. Eragrostis bro-wnei Nees (?). — A widely spreading, brandling perennial, with somewhat wiry culms 2 to 5 dm. long, and narrow, simple, more or less interrupted panicles of nearly sessile, ten- to forty-ilowered spikelets. — Dooryards and waste ground, Florida. [Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.] July-October. 263 Fig. 245. £!ragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. {Poa hypnoidea Lam.; E. reptana Nees) . — A prostrate, much- branched, and exten- sively creeping annual, with ascending, flowering branches 7.5 to 15 cm. high, spreading leaf blades, narrow and lax or very dense panicles and long, linear-lanceolate, strongly compressed spike- lets. — In ditches and sandy banks of streams, Vermont and 'Ontario to Florida, Texas, California, and Washington. [Mexico, West Indies, and South America.] March-October. 264 Fig. 246. Eragrostis glomerata (Walt.) L. H. Dewey (Poa glomerata Walt.; P. conferla Ell.; Eragrostis conferta Trin.). — Au erect, rather stout, branching annual 6 to 9 ilm. high, with smooth sheatlis and leaves, and elongated, densely flowered, light-colored panicles 25 to 60 cm. long. — Low grounds. South Carolina to Florida and westward to Texas. [Cuba, Mexico, and South America.] August-November. 266 Fig. 248, Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) Link (I'oa oiliaris L.)- — A diffusely branching, slenrler annual 2 to 5 dm. high, with thin, narrow leaves and densoly flowered, cylindrical, spike-like, more or less interrupted piinicles 5 to 10 cm. long. — Cultivated and waste ground, Georgia and Florida to Mississippi. [Mexico, West Indies, and Asia.] July-October. 268 Fig, 2o0. Eragrostis sessilispica Buckl. ; Britton and Brown, 111. VI., 1 : 190 {Diplachne rigida Vasey). — A smooth, wiry, csespi- tose perenn ial 3 to 9 dm. high, with narrow, mostly involute leaves and pyramidal panicles, the five- to twelve-flowered, appiessed spikelets sessile along the spreading hranches. — Dry prairies, Kansas to Texas. June-October. 269 Fig. 251. Eatonia pennsylvanioa (DC.) A. Gray. Eaton's- GRASS. — A slender, pale-green perennial, with flat leaf blades and Harrow terminal panicles. — Wet meadows, low woods, and thick- ets, Newfoundland and Maine to British Columbia and Washing- ton, south to Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Arizona. April- August. 270 Fig. 252. Eatonia obtusata (Miohx.) A. Gray. Eakly Bunch- GEASS. — A tufted perennial 4.5 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaf Wades and rather densely flowered, nodding panicles.— Low ground, chiefly along streams, usually in shade, Massachusetts and Onta- rio to Assiniboia and British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas, and southern California. March-August. 271 Fig. 253. Eatonia nitida (Sprengel) Nash (Aira nitida Spr. ; Eatonia dudleyi Vasey). — A slender, erect, and cjespitose peren- nial 3 to 6 dm. high, with short, flat, spreading leaves and rather few-flowered, nodding panicles. — Dry, open woodlands, Khode Island and New York westward to North Dakota, and southward to North Carolina, Mississippi and Texas. April-June. 272 Fig. 254. Eatonia filiformis (Chapm.) Vasey; Beal, GrasBes, N. Am., 2 : 491. — An erect, tufted perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with very- long upper internodes and long, involute, radical leaves. — Dry, sandy soil. South Carolina, Florida and Texas, north to -western Tennessee. March, April. 273 Fig. 255. Cynosurus cristatus L. Dog's-tail-gkass.— A slender, erect perennial 3 to 7i dm. high, with narrow leaves and rather slender, erect, spike-like panicles. — Sparingly established in fields and waysides, Newfoundland to Ontario, south to New Jersey ; Portland, Oregon. [Europe.] June- August. 18337— No. 7 18 274 Pig. 256. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. ; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1 : 194. Water Whorl-grass. — A smootli, soft perennial, witli creeping or ascending culms 2 to 6 dm. long, flat leaves and open panicles 5 to 20 cm. long, the spreading brandies in whorls. — In swales and along brooks, often in shallow water, Newfoundland and Labrador, to Quebec and Alaska, south to Ne- braska, Colorado, and Utah. [Europe and Asia.] June-August. 275 Pig. 257. Melica mutica Walt. {M. glabra Mx.).— A slender, loosely caespitose, 'sviry grass 6 to 9 rim. high, with flat leaves and simple or racemose panicles of rather large, nodding, two- to three- flowered spikelets. — Dry, rocky, open woods and thickets, Penn- sylvania to Florida and westward to Wisconsin and Texas. March-May. 276 Fig. 258. Melica parviflora (Porter) Scribn. (M. mutica parvi- flora Porter; M.porteri, Scribn.).— A rather slender, erect, smooth perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow panicles 15 to 25 cm. long. Spikelets pendulous and racemose along the panicle branches. — Shaded canyons, mountains of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and prairies of Missouri, Kansas, and western Texas. [Northern Mexico.] July-September. 277 Fia. 259. Melica spectabilis Soribn. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 506. — A csespitose, stoloDiferous species 3 to 6 dm. high, -with scabrous, flat leaves, and loosely flowered, nodding, simple pani- cles 10 to 20 cm. long. — Damp grassy meadows, rich bottom lands, dry hillsides, etc. (alt. 950to2,400 ra.), Montana to Washington and Oregon, south to Colorado, Wyoming, and Nevada. June-Sep- tember. 278 Fig. 260. Melica striata Bolaiid. Beal-, Grasses N. Am., 2: 503. Large-flowered Mehca. — A densely csespitose perennial 2 to 5 dm. high from a bulbous base, with flat, more or less pubescent leaves, and simple, one-sided panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, bearing ten to twenty spikelets. — Dry ridges among rocks (alt. 1,850 to 2,700 m.;, Nevada, California, and Oregon. June-August. 279 Fig. 261. Melica iJulbosa Geyer; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 508. Thick-kooted Bunch-grass. — A slender, erect perennial 3 to 6 or rarely 9 dm. high, bulbous at the base, with erect leaves and a narrow, somewhat spike-like panicle 10 to 15 cm. long. — Dry rocky slopes, moist shady mountain sides, etc. (alt. 900 to 2,700 m. ), Montana and Wyoming to British Columbia, south to Utah, Nevada, and Oregon ; western Texas. May-July. 280 Fig. 262. Korycarpus diandrus (Michx.) Kuntze; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1: 196; {Diarrhena americana Beauv.). — An erect perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with long, narrow-lanceolate, nearly erect leaves and a few-flowered, simple panicle 10 to 25 cm. long. — Rich, rocky, wooded hillsides, Ohio to South Dakota, south to Georgia, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. August, Sep- tember. 281 Fig. 263. Pleiiropogon refractum (A. Gray) Benth. (Lopho- elilcena refracta A. Gray) ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 514. Nodding Pleuropogon. — A slender perennial 6 to 12 dm. high from creep- ing rootstoclis, witli flat leaves and terminal racemes of six to ten drooping spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long. — In swamps and along mountain streams (alt. 1,200 to 3,850 m.), California to Washing- ton. May-August. 282 Fig. 264. XTniola latifolia Michx. Broad-leafed Spike- grass. — An erect grass, with rather stout, simple cnlms 6 to 12 dm. high, broad, spreading leaf blades and a drooping panicle of large, flat spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long. — Low thickets and shaded banks of streams, Pennsylvania to Florida, west to Illinois, Kan- sas, and Texas. June-October. 283 Fig. 265. Uniola paniculata L. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 516. Seaside Oats. — A stout, native perennial 9 to 15 dm. high, with long, rigid leaves and showy, nodding panicles of many broad and pale straw-colored spikeleta. — Drifting sand of sea beaches, Virginia to Texas. [West Indies and South America.] October. 284 Fig. 266. Uniola laxa (L.) B. S. P. ; Britton and Brown, IH. Fl., 1: 197 {U. gracilis Michx.). — A slender grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with long, narrow leaf-blades, and a contracted, wand-like, nodding panicle 15 to 45 cm. long. — In dry soil, open woods, and banks. Long Island to Florida, west to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Texas. June-October. 285 Fig. 267. Disticblis spicata (L.) Greene; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1 : 198 (-D. maritima Raf.). Alkali-grass. — Au upright, ■wiry grass, 2.5 to 5 dm. high, with strong and widely creeping rootstocks, rather rigid leaves, and densely flowered panicles. The grass is dioecious. — Salt marshes along the coast, Maine to Texas and British Columbia to California; alkaline soil in the interior, Nebraska and Kansas to Montana, eastern Washington, California, and New Mexico. May -August. 286 Fig. 268. Briza media L. Quaking-grass. — A slender, erect perennial, with rather short, fiat leaf-blades and capillary, spread- ing panicles. — Sparingly naturalized in fields and -waste ground, in Ontario, New England, and California. [Europe and Asia.] May- July. 287 Fig. 269. Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard-grass.— A coarse, erect grass 9 to 12 dm. high, forming dense tufts, with long, flat leaf blades, and spikelets crowded in dense, one-sided clusters at the ends of the panicle branches. — Extensively naturalized in fields and waste ground. New Brunswick to South Carolina, wesi to Manitoba, Idaho, and Colorado, [Europe.] May-August. 288 Fig. 270. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench. Goldbn-top. — A csespitose, branching annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with elegant one- sided panicles 5 to 8 cm. long. — Introduced into southern and Lower California. [Southern Europe, northern Africa, and Aus- tralia.] March-May. 289 Fig. 271. Poa chapmauiana Scribn. — A low, OfESpitose annual 1 to 2 dm. higli, witli ascending, flat leaves and tisnally narrow panicles 2 to 8 cm. long. Allied to F. annua, but more strict in habit of growth. — Dry sandy soil, soutiiern Illinois to Mississippi and Georgia. April, May. 18337— No. 7 19 290 Fig. 272. PoaalpinaL. Mountain Spear-grass. — A slender or stout, ciespitosp, erect perennial 0.5 to 3 (visually 1.5) dm. bigh, with, rather broad, flat leaves, and spreading pyramidal panicles of comparatively large spikelets. — Edges of brooks, open grassy mountain slopes, canyons, etc., Newfoundland and Quebec to Hudson Bay and Alaska, south in the mountains to Colorado (alt. 3,600 m.), Utah and California. [Widely distributed, arctic and subalpine.] June-August. 291 Fig. 273. Poa pratensis L. Kentucky Blue-grass.— A slen- der, erect, stoloniferons perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and more or less spreading, usually pyramidal panicles. — Fields and meadows throughout the United States and British America, abundantly naturalized in the East, indigenous in the North and West. [Europe and Asia.] Summer. A valuable pasture grass. 292 Fig. 27i. Poa kelloggii Vasey ; 111. N. Am. Grasses, 2 : 79. Kellogg's Spear-grass. — A slender, erect or ascending peren- nial 4 to 6 dm. liigb, with rather long, flat leaves and open pyram- idal panicles 7 to 10 cm. long. Spikelets two- to four-flowered. — California (4705 Bolander). 293 Fig. 275. Poa sylvestris A. Gray. Woodland Spear-guass.— A sJentler, tufted perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with an open panicle 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches spreading or reflexed. — Rich •woods and thickets. New York to Wisconsin and Nebraska, south to North Carolina, Louisiana and Texas. April-July. 294 Fig. 276. Poa brevifolia Muhl. Southern Spear-grass.— An erect perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with running rootstocks, short culm leayes, and a widely spreading, few-flowered panicle. — Wooded river bluffs and the grassy summits and wooded slopes of mountains, New Jersey to northern Ohio and Illinois, south to North Carolina and Tennessee. March-May. 295 Fig. 277. Poa arida Vasey ; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1 : 208. Prairie SrEAR-GRASS. — An erect, often rather rigid, stoloniferous perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with flat or folded, stiff leaves and nar- row, rather densely flowered panicles 8 to 15 cm. long. — Meadows and low grounds. Northwest Territory to Kansas and Arizona. April-Angust. 296 Fig. 278. Poa buckleyana Nash; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1 : 208 {Foa tenuifoUa Buckley). Bunch Red-top. — A ratlier slender, erect perennial "bunch grass" 3 to 6 dm. high, with numerous, soft radical leaves and a narrow panicle. — Usually in dry soil of "bench" lands, mountain slopes, elevated prairies, etc. (alt. 450 to 3,900 m.). South Dakota to British Columbia, Colorado, and California. May-September. 297 Fig. 279. Grraphephorum melicoideum (Michx.) Beaur. — A rather slender, erect, pale-green, osespitoso perennials to 6 dm. high, with flat leaves and loosely flowered, nodding panicles 7 to 14 cm. long. — Rocky or gravelly river shores, low woods (sometimes pine woods), etc., Auticosti Island to Vermont, Michigan, and North- west Territory. August, September. (Allied to Trisetum.) 298 Fig. 280. Panicularia aquatica (Sm.) Kuntze {Glyceria aqvatioa J. E. Smith). Eeed Meadow-gkass. — A stont perennial 9 to 15 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaf blades and an ample open panicle. — Shaded banks of streams, wet meadows, moist thickets, etc.. New Brunswick to Alaska, south to Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Nebraska, New Mexico, and southern California. June-Angust. 299 Fig. 281. Fanicularia nervata (Willd.) Knntze {Glyceria ner- vata Trin.). Fowl Meadow-grass. — A leafy perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with an expanded, nodding panicle, and lather small spikelets. — Wet meadows, marshes, moist thickets, etc., New- foundland to Florida, west to British Columbia, California, and Arizona. June-September. 300 Fig. 282. Panicularia elongata (Torr.) Knutze {Glyceria elon- gata Triu.) (Poa elongata Torr.). — Au erect perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaf blades and narrow, rather densely flowered panicles. — In rich, wet woods, Newfoundland and New Brunswick to North Carolina, west to Quebec, Minnesota, and Kentucky. July-September. 301 Fig. 283. Panicularia pallida (Ton.) Kuntze {Glyceiia pallida Trin. IVindsm-ia pallida Torr.). Pale Manxa-guass. — A per- ennial, with slender stems 3 to 9 dm. long, ascending from a more or less decnmbent base, and a lax, few-flowered panicle with ascending branches. — Bogs, banks of streams and ponds, Cape Breton to Ontario, south to Virginia, eastern Tennessee and Indiana. Jnne-August. 302 Fig. 284. Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1: 211 {Glycerla canadensis Trin.). Eattlk- SNAKE-GRASS. — A stout, native perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaves, and ample, nodding panicles of rather large spikelets. — Marshes and d itches, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Minne- sota, south to New Jersey, Ohio, and Kansas. June-August. 303 Fig. 285. Fanicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze {Glyceria fluitana E. Br. ). Floating Manna-grass. — Au erect grass 9 to 15 dm. high with somewhat flattened culms, long leaves, and a narrow panicle about 3 dm. long. — Wet places, often in running water, Newfound- land to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and California. [Widely distributed in temperate regions.] May- September. 304 Fig. 286. Puccinellia maritima (Hutls.) Pari. (Foa maritima Huds. ; Glijceria maritivia M. & K.). Ska Spbae-gkass.— A slender perennial 2 to 5 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with narrow, flat, or folded leaves, and more or less expanded panicles 8 to 12 cm. l')ii^. — Salt marshes and beaches along the coast, Labrador to southern New Enjjland, and Alaska to British Colum- bia ; also on ballast and wasti; ground in sea ports farther south. [Kurope and Asia.] July, August. 305 Fig. 287. Festuca elatior arundinacea (Schreli.) Hack. Eeed Fescue. — A stout, leafy perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with broad, flat leaves, and ample, elongated panicles often 3 dm. long. — Intro- duced here and there, District of Columbia, Michigan, Utah, Oregon, etc. [Europe.] August. 18337— No. 7 20 306 Fig. 288. Festuca elatior pratensis (Huds.) Hack. Meadow Fescue. — An upright perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with numerous flat leaves and a rather narrow panicle 10 to 20 cm. long. — In fields and waysides, introduced, Nova Scotia to North Carolina, west to Washington, Oregon, and Kansas. June-August. 307 Fig. 289. Festnoa rubra glaucesceus Hack. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 606. Tennessee Fescue. — A slender perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with creeping rootstocks, erect or ascending stems, very narrow, usually glaucous leaves, and lax, nodding panicles. Forms a dense turf. — Bluffs of Cumberland River, Nashville, Tenn. May. 308 Fig. 290. Bromus inermis Leyss. Smooth Brome or Hunga- rian Brome-grass. — An erect perennial 6 to 15 dm. higli, witli creeping rootstooks, open panicles 12 to 18 cm. long, and five- to nine flowered, awnless spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long. — A native of Europe, introduced and cultivated in many parts of the United States for hay. June, July, 309 Fig. 291. Bromus secalinus L. Chess or Cheat. — An erect anoual 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaves, more or less expanded panicles, and turgid, short-awned spikelets, which are pendulous in fruit. — Naturalized in cultivated and waste gTounds, especially in grain fields. [Europe and Asia.] June- August. 310 Fig. 292. Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. Briza-like Brome-grass. — A slender, erect, ciEspitose annual 2 to 5 dm. Mgh, with soft, flat leaves and nodding panicles of large ten- to fifteen- flowered spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long. — Meadows and cultivated fields, introduced, Montana to Washington, south to Utah, Nevada, and California; sparingly in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsyl- vania. [Europe and Asia.] June-August. 311 Fig. 293. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) HBK. Eescub-gkass.— An erect, usually annual grass, 3 to 9 dm. high, -with more or less pubescent, flat leaf blades, and usually nodding, loose panicles of rather large, strongly flattened spikelets. — Prairies and dry, sandy fields, Indian Territory and Texas to Arizona ; naturalized in Ala- bama. [Mexico and South America.] March-July. 312 Fig. 294. Nardus stricta L. ; Britton and Brown, 111. Fl., 1: 224. "Wire Bbnt. — A glabrous, densely csespitose perennial, ■with stout, creeping rootstocks, setaceous leaves, and erect, filiform, rigid culms, 10 to 20 cm. high. — Introduced at Amherst, Mass.; rocky river banks, Newfoundland. [Europe, Greenland and Azores.] August. 313 Fig. 295. LoUum perenne L. Eyb-gkass. — A smooth, leafy perennial 3 to 9 dm. higli, with slender, terminal spikes 7.5 to 25 cm. long. — Lawns, fields, and waysides, naturalized, Canada to North Carolina, west to Ohio and Tennessee ; California and Ari- zona. [Europe and Asia.] May-August. 314 Fig. 296. Lolium italicum A. Br. Italian Eye-grass.— A biennial or perennial grass 6 to 9 dm. liigh, -with slender, iisually somewhat nodding, terminal spikes, andshort-awnedspikelets. A valuable hay grass. — Introduced here and there through cultiva- tion, especially on the Pacific Slope, 315 Fig. 297. Scribneria bolanderi (Thurb.) Hack. (Lepturvs iolanderi Thurb.). Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 634. — A slender, wiry, caespitose annual 1 to 2 dm. high, with short, narrow leaves and terminal, slightly compressed spikes. — Sterile grounds, hillsides, and roadsides, Washington to California. May. 316 .Fig. 298. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. (Triticum repens L.;. Couch-grass. — An erect, stolouiferous perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves, which are pilose along the nerves above, and terminal, densely flowered spikes. — Naturalized in lawns, way- sides, and cultivated ground, Newfoundland and Cape Breton to Northwest Territory, south to District of Columbia, Ohio, and Iowa. [Europe and Asia.] June-September. 317 Fig. 299. Agropyron scribneri Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 638. — A densely caaspitose perennial 2 to 5 dm. high, with ascending culms, flat leaves, and bearded spikes 5 to 7 cm. long, which readily breali up at maturity. — Summits of mountains (alt. 1,800 to 4,200 m.), Montana to Colorado and Arizona. August. 318 Fig. 300. Hordeum boreale Scribn. & Smith, Bull. 4, Div. Agrost., 28 (1897). Northern Wild Barley. — A slender, erect and apparently perennial grass 3 to 6 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaves, smooth culms and terminal spikes 7 to 10 cm. long. — Mountains of California to Alaska and Bering Sea islands. June, July. 319 b 0- FlG. 301. Elymus arenarius L. Sea Lyme-grass. — A stout, erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with extensively creeping rocft- stooks, rather firm, flat, sharp-ijointed leaves and terminal, usually densely flowered spikes 8 to 25 cm. long. Glumes usually villous; — In maritime sands, Greenland and Labrador to Maine; Alaska to California and on the shores of the Great Lakes. [Europe and Asia.j July, August. 320 Fig. 302. Asperella hystrix (L.) Moench (Asprella W. not Schreb. ; Systrix patula Moench; GymnosHchum hystrix Schreb.). Bottle Brush. — A smooth, csespitose perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaves and terminal spikes 6 to 12 cm. long. Spikelets widely spreading at maturity. — Fertile, rooky woods, New Brunswick and Ontario to Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, and Minnesota. June-August. INDEX TO THE COMMON NAMES. Page. Alkali-grass 285 Saccatone 74 American Oat 183 Banner Sorghum \ 34 Barley 14 Baruyard-graas 82 Beach-grass 167 Beard ed-ioiut 77 Short-hubk J30 Beard -grass ] 50 Bermuda-graas 180 Big Blue-stem 32 Bitter Panic-grass 73 Black Bunch-grass 38 Grama 37 Mountain Kice 110 Blue Grama 222 Bottle Brush 320 Branching Foxtail 85 Bristly Mesquite 223 Briza-like Brorae-grass 310 Broad-leafed Spike-grass 282 Brook-grass 27 Broom Sedge 28 Buffalo-grass 12,238 Bunch Redtop 296 Burk's Grama 225 California Hair-grass 172 California Timothy 90 Canary-grass 10 Carpet-grass 42 . Catch-fly-gras3 92 Cheat 309 Chess 309 Clustered Salt-grass 230 Common Eeed 247 Cotta-grass 241 18337— No. 7 21 Page. Cotton-grass 60 Couch-grass 316 Crab-grass 9, 258 Creek Sedge 195 Curly Mesqnite 36 Creeping Panic , 70 Reimaria 40 Crowfoot-grass 228 Densely -flowered Bent 155 Plume-grass 21 Dog's-tail-grass 273 Downy Oat-grass 178 Early Bunch-graas 270 Wild Oat-grass 171 Eaton 'a-graas 269 Elliott' s Broom Sedge 30 Paapalum 41 English Ray-grasa 14 Everlasting-giass 53 False Buffalo-grass 245 Feather-grass 237 Fe w-iiowered Sorghum 35 Fine-top Salt-grass 145 Flat-stemmed Panic 71 Sporobolus 143 Floating Foxtail 333 Mauna-grass 303 Florida Amphicarpon 51 Paspalum 48 Fowl Meadow-grass 299 Fox-grass 192 Freshwater Cord-grass 191 Galleta 8,39 Gama-grass 19 Gibbous Panic-grass 65 Golden Top 288 Goose-grass 227 321 322 Page. Green Foxtail 83" Ha ry Grama 220 Havard'a Grama 210 Herd's grass 11 Hungarian Brome-grass 308 Hungarian -grass 86 Indian Corn 7 Indian-grass 33 Millet 115 Keed 152 Italian Millet 86 Ray -grass 14 Rye-grasa 314 Jamaica Crab-grasa 61 JungJe Kice 81 Kellogg' 8 Spear-grass 292 Kentucky Blue-grass 13, 291 Knot-grass 43 Large-flowered Melica . - -- 278 Large-leafed Yanilla-graas 102 Large Water-grass 49 Lemmon's Wool-graas 54 Little Blue-stem 31 Crab-grasa 56 Lizard-tail grass 24 Long awned Poverty-grass 106 Long-leafed Sporobolus 139 Long-spiked Bur-grass 88 Long-stalked Panic 80 Louisiana- grass 42 Maize 7 Many-flowered Tricbloris 208 Many-spiked Cbloris 205 Marram grass 167 Marshy Oat-grass 177 Mat-grass 23 Meadow Fescue 306 Foxtail 134 Mexican Dropseed 118 Millet 9 Mission-grass 90 Morton's Oat-grasa 184 Mountain Foxtail 135 Hair-grass 170 Spear-grass 290 Naked Beard-gi*ass 209 Page. Kealley's Leptochloa 234 Nimble Will 117 Nit-grass 159 Nodding Oat-grass 182 Pleuropogon 281 Northern Panic-grass 76 "VVlldBarU'y 318 Oat-like Hair-grass 1 75 Oats 12 One flowered Grama 212 Orchard-grass 13, 287 Pale Manna-grass 301 Phippsia • 136 Porcupine-grass 107 Prairie-grasa 137 Spear- grass 295 Purple Canary-grass 97 Purple grass 239 Parah's Amphicarpon 50 Quaking-grass 286 Rattlesnake -grass 302 Redfield's-grass 256 Reed Fescue 305 Meadow grass 298 Rescue-grass 311 Rice 9 Rice Cut-grass 94 Rocky Moun tain Oat-graaa 179 Rothrock's Grama 221 Rough Foxtail 84 Leptochloa 233 Round-flowered Panic 75 Rush-like Spartina 194 Timothy 131 Rye 14 Rye-grass 313 Salt Cedar 244 Reed-graas igo Sand Bur 87 Sea Lyme-grasa 319 Sea Spear-grass 304 Seaside Finger-grass 200 Oats 283 Seed Mesquite 215 Short-awned Grama 219 Reed-grass ] 61 Short-haired Reed-grass 168 323 Page. Short-leafed Board-grass 210 Short-stalked Eragrostis 260 Meadow-grass 265 Side Oats 213 Silky Oat-grass 188 Silver Beurd 29 Panic-grass 58 Silvery Beard-grass 29 Hair-grass 170 Oat-grass 181 Six- weeks Mesquite 214 Slender Cut-grass 96 Slender-flowered Dropseed 119 Slender Hair-grass 174 Oat-grass 180 Panlcum 57 Paspalum 44 Sloiig^h- grass 226 Small-flowered Mountain Rice 114 Small Grama 224 Small-jointed Panic- grass 64 Smooth Brome 308 Chloris 198 Crab-grass - 55 Paspalum 45 Smut-grass 144 Soft Wool-grass 52 Southern Canary -grass 98 Spear-grass 259, 294 "Water-grass 59 Spider Bent grass 1 58 Sprouting Crab-grass 69 Strong-scented Sporobolus 139 Sugar Cane 7 Swamp Poverty-grass 104 Sweet Yernal-grasa 10, 100 Switch-grass 72 Tall Grama 213 Tall Oat-graas 185 Tennessee Fescue 307 Oat-grasa 187 Texan Crab-graas 211 Texas Blue-grass 13 Millet 62 Thatch 195 Thick-rooted Bunch-grass 279 Thread-lite Muhlenhergia 126 Timothy 11, 132 Toothache-grass 196 Torrey'e Silver Beard-grass 26 Tufted Hair-grass 173 Vanilla-grass 10, 101 Velvet-grass 169 Viue Meaquite-graas 63 Viscid Iieptocliloa 231 Warty Panic-gr,»8S 67 Water Whorl-grass 274 Western Cord-grass 1 93 Wheat 14 White-grass 95 White Mountain Bice Ill White Top 251 Wild Millet 116 MountainRice 113 Oat-grass 186 Timothy 121 Windmill-grass 203 Wire Bent 312 Wire-graas - 103 Wiry Grama 218 Woodland Dropseed 120 Spear-grass 293 Woolly-jointed Grama 217 Poverty-grass 105 Wrinkly -flowered Paspalum 46 Tard-grasa 227 INDEX TO THE LATIN NAMES. [Tribes iu small capitals and eynonyms in italics.] Page. JEgilops arowatica 196 iEgopogon 8 Agropyron 14 repens 316 scribneri 317 AGKOSTIDE^ 10, 12 Agrostis 10, 11 arachnoides 158 asper 137 coarctata 15i compressa 143 densiflora 155 diegoenais 157 elliottiana 158 foliosa 157 humilis 153 varians 153 Aira 12 caryopbyllea 170 danthonioides 175 nitida 271 prsecox 171 subspicata 178 Alopecurus 10, 11 geniculatus 133 occidentalis 135 pratensis 334 Ammophila 11 arenaria 167 arundinacea 167 Amphicarpon 9 tloridanum 51 pwrshii 50 Andropogon 7 argyrsens 29 elliottii 30 Page. Andropogon furcatus 32 gloraeratus 27 Tnacrourus 27 nutans 33 pauciflorus 35 polydactylon 205 provincialis 7. 32 aaccharoides 26 scoparius 31 secundus 34 torreyanus 26 unilateralis 34 virginicus 7,28 ANDBOPOGONE^ 7 Authienantia 9 Anthoxautlixim lo odoratum 100 Apera xi Arctagroatis 11 Aristida \ n goasypina 105 lanata 105 palustria 104 atricta 103 tuberculosa 106 Arrhenatherum 12 elatius 185 Arundinaria 15 Arundo 13 irevipilis 168 phragTYiites 247 vulgaris 247 Aaperella 14 hystrix 320 Asprella hystrix 320 Avena 12 325 326 Page. Avena americana 133 elatior 185 hookeri 183 mortoniana 184 sativa 12 spicata 186 AVENB^ 11,12 -Bambuse^ 14 Beokmannia 12 erucaeformis 226 Blepharid achne 13 Bouteloua 12 aristidoideb 214 Ijreviseta 219 ■ burkii 225 curtipendula 213 eriopoda 217 havardi 216 hirsiita 223 oligoatacliya 222 raceinosa 213 ramosa 218 rothrockii 221 texana 215 trifida 224 uniflora 212 vestita 220 Brachyelytnim 11 ariUatv^ 130 erectum 130 Briza 13 media 286 Bromus 13 briz^formis 310 inermis 308 aecalinua 309 spicatus 229 unioloides 3ii Buchloe 12 dactyloides 238 Bulbilis 12 dactyloides 238 Calamagrostis aleatica 163 bolanderi 165 breviseta 161 crasaiglumis 160 | Paga Calamagrostis descbarapsioides. .. 162 bowellii 166 piekeringii 161 t weedy i 164 Calamovilfa 11 brevipilis 168 Campuloaua 12 aromatieus 196 chapadensis 197 Capriola 12 dactylon 189 Catabrosa 13 aquatica 274 Cathestecum 13 erectuin 242 prostratum 242 Cencbrus --.- 9 granulans 24 myosuroides 88 tribuloidea 87 ChsBtochloa 9, 86 compoaita 85 corrugata 84 glauca 83 viridis 83 Chlorides 12 Chloria 12 alba 204 cucullata 202 diibia 235 elegans 204 floridana 199,201 glauca 198 neglecta 199, 201 petra^a 200 polydactylon 205 sivartziana 200,201 texensis 206 verticillata 203 Cinna 10 n arundinacea 152 Tnacrourd 148 Coleanthua 6, 11 Colpodiuni 13 Corynephorus 12 Cottea 13 327 Pate. Cotte<\ pappophoroides : 241 Ci-ypsis s'choenoides 13 1 Ctenium 12 amerieanum 196 chapadense 197 Cynodon 12 dactylon 189 Cynosurus 13 mgyptius 228 cristatus 273 Dactylis 13 glomerata 13,286 maritima 195 patens 192 Dactyloctenium 12 (xgyptiacum 228 SBgyptium 228 Uanthonia 12 compreasa 187 sericea 188 spicata 186 Deschampsia. 12 atropurpiirea 176 cal.\ ciua 175 elongata 174 flexuosa 173 holciformis 172 JHarrhena 13 aTnericana 280 Digitaria serotina 56 Jhplachne dubia 235 imhricata 232 reterchoni 229 rigida 268 spicata 229 visctda 231 Dissantlielium 13 calilbmicuTn 257 Dietichlia 13 maritima 285 spicata 285 Dupontia 13 Eatonia 13 dvM&yi 271 filjformia 272 nitida 271 Page. Eatouia obtusata 270 peuusylvauica 269 Eleusine 6, 13 iudica 227 Elioaurua 7 barbiculmia 25 Elymus 14 arenarius 319 Epicampea ii ligulata 149 rigens 148 Eragroatis 13 abysaiuica 258 brownii 262 ciliaria 266 conferta 264 curtipedicellata 260 fraukii 265 glomerata 264 hypnoides 263 neo-mexicana 258 pectinacea 260,261 plumosa 267 pursliii 259 reptans 263 aesailispiea 268 Eremochloe 13 Erianthiis 7 compactus 21 strictus 22 Eriochloa 9 lemmoni 54 mollia 52 punctata 53 Eriocoma cuapidata 115 Euchltena 7 Eustachys Jloridana 201 glauca 198 Featuca 13 elatior arundinacoa 305 elfttior prateuaia 306 rubra glaucescens 307 Festuce^is 11, 13 Gaatridium . 11 australe 159 lendigerum 159 328 Glyceria 13 aquatica 298 canadensis 302 elongata 300 Jluitans 303 tnaritiTna 304 nervata 299 pallida 301 Graminese 5 Graphephorum 13 Jlexuasum 256 melicoideum 297 Qreenia arkansana 151 Gymnopogon 12 ambiguua 209 brevifolius 210 racemosus 209 QyTYinostichum hystrix 320 Gynerium 13 Hackelochloa 7 granularis 24 Heleochloa 11 schceiioides 131 Hemartkria fasoiculata 23 Mierochloe 10 borealis 10 L macrophylla 102 Hilaria 8 cenchroides 36 jamesii 38 mutica 37 rigida 39 Holcus 10, 12 la-natus 169 Homalocenclirus 9 hexandrus 93 lenticalaris 92 TOonandrus 96 ory zoidea 94 virginicus - 95 Horded 14 Hordeum 14 boroale 318 Hydrocbloa 9 Systrix patula 320 Imperata 7 Page. Imperata brevifolia 20 caudata 20 hookeri 20 Isehcemum secundatum 90 Koeleria 13 Korycarpus 13 diandrua 280 Lagurus 11 Lamarckia 13 aurea 288 Leersia 9 hexandra.. 93 lenticiilaris 92 monandra 96 oryzoides 94 virginica 95 Leptochloa 12 dubia 235 fascicularis 230 imbricata 232 langloisii 233 imicronata . . . .• 237 nealleyi 234 pringlei 2;J6 scabra 233 spicata 229 stricta 234 viacida 23] Leptuxus 14 hulanderi 315 Lesourdia karwirihkyana 243 multiflora 243 Limnodia ll arkansana 151 Lolium 14 italicum 314 perenne 313 Lopkochlcena refracta 281 Laziola 9 alabamensis 91 Lycurus H Manisuris 7 compressa 23 granularis 24 Mayde^ 6 Melica 13 329 Page. Helica bulbosa 279 glabra 275 luutica 275 pariviflora 276 porteri 276 spectabilis 277 striota 278 Milium 11 eflfusum 116 lendigeru-m 159 Miscantbus 7 Molinia 13 Monantbochloe 13 littoralis 244 Muhlenbergia 11 diffusa 117 filiculmis 126 gloTtherata 121 gracilis 129 gracillima 124 mexicana 118 porteri 123 pringlei 122 pungena 125 racemosa 121 scbaffneri 127 aylvatica 120 tenuiHora 119 texana 123 ^'irescens 128 u'illdenovii 119 Munroa 13 squarrosa 245 Jfardus 14 stricta 312 !N^azia 8 Oplisraenud 9 Orcuttia 13 californica 246 Oi-y za aativa 9 Oryze^ 9 Oryzopsis - - 11 asperifolia Ill exigua 113 fimbriata 112 kingii 108 Page. Oryzopais melanocarpa 110 Tnejnbranacea 1J5 micrantha 114 mongolica 109 Panicaoe^ 6 Panice^ 8 Panioularia 13 aquaiica 298 canadenaia 302 elongata 300 fluitana 303 nervata 299 pallida 301 Panicum 9 amarum 73 anceps 71 barbulatnm 77 boreale . . . : 76 bulbosam 74 colonum 81 Columbian nm 78 corrugatum 84 crus-galli 82 dactylon 189 demiaaum 79 filipes 68 gibbuin 65 glahrum 55 gracillimum 57 grossarium 61 hians 66 lanatum 60 leucocoraum 58 leucophceuin 60 lineare ^55 longipedunculatum 80 melicarium 66 molle 52 nasbianum 79 obtusum 63 paspaloidea 59 proliferum tj9 repena 70 sanguinale 189 serotinum 56 apha-TOcarpon . - 75 330 Page. Panicum steuodes 64 texanum 62 verrucosum 67 virgatum 72 viride 83 Tappophorum 13 apertum 240 boreale -'. -- 239 wrightii 239 Paspaluiu 9, 12 compressum 42 difforme 47 digitaria 41 dilatatum 49 disticbum 43 elliottii 41 floridanum 48 Iseve 45 ovatum 49 paspaloides 41 platycaule 42 plicatnlum, 46 aetaceum 44 Pennisetum 9 setosum 89 Pereilema 11 PHALABIDEiC 10 Phalaris 10 araethyatina 97 anguata 99 caroliniana 98 erucoaforims 226 intermedia 98 Phariis 9 Phippaia 11 algida 136 Phle am 11 pratense 132 sch(Bnoides 131 Pliragmites 13 communis 247 vulgada 247 Pleuropogon 13 refractum 281 Pleuraphis rigida 39 Poa 13 Poa alpina 290 ambigua 250 arida 295 brovifolia - 294 bnckleyana 296 chapmaniana 289 eiliaris 266 conferta 264 elongata 300 glomerata 264 hypnoides 263 kelloggii 292 Tnaritima 304 pratensis 291 aylveatria 293 tenui/olia - 296 POACE^ 9 Polypogon 11 raonspeliensia 150 Puccinellia 13 maritima 304 Eedfieldia 13 flexuoea 256 Eeimaria 9 oligostachya <: . . 40 liottbosllia 7 com.pressa 23 Saccharuiu 7 Savastana 10 macrophylla 102 odorata 101 Schedonnardus 12 paniculatus 211 texanus 211 Scleropogou 13 brevifolina 243 Scolocbloa 13 Scribneria 14 bolanderi 315 Secale 14 Setaria 9 coTnposita 85 corrugata 84 italica 86 viridis 83 SiegliDgia 13 331 Page. Sieglingia acuminata 253 albescens '),51 americana 255 eragrostoidis 248 nealleyi 252 pidchella 254 Sorghum paucijlorv ui , 35 SpartiDa 10. 12 cynosuroides 191 densijlora 194 glabra 195 gouini 194 gracilis 193 juncea 192 juucii'ormis 194 patens 192 polyatachya 190 stricta maritima 195 Sporobolus 6, 11 airoides 145 argutua 14G asper 137 compressua 143 confnsua 147 curtiaii 142 floridanua 141 heterolepia 139 indicus 144 interriiptus 140 longifoliiia 138 Stenochloa calif arnica 257 Stenotaphrum 9 americanum 90 secundatum 90 Stipa 11 kingii 108 membranacea 115 mongolica 109 apartea 107 Syntherisma linearis 55 serotina 50 Thurberia 11 arkansana 151 Trachynotia polyatachya 190 Page; Trachypogon 7 Tragus 8 TriclilorJs 12 blauchardi.,na 207 fasciculata 207 pluriflora 208 Tricuspid tnonsti'osa 243 Triodia 13 acuminata 253 albeaceus 251 ambigua 250 eragroatoides 248 nealleyi 252 palcbella 254 texana 249 Triplaaia americana 255 Tripsacum 7 dactyloidea 19 Triaetum 12 canescens 181 cerniium 182 elongatuDi , 180 interruptum 180 montanuin 179 paluatre 177 aubapicatuiu 178 Tristegine^ 8 Triticum 14 repens 316 Uniola 13 gracilis 284 latifolia 282 laxa 284 paniculata 283 Vilfa arguta 146 rigens 148 "Weingeertneria 12 Windsoria pallida 301 Zea 7 Zizania 9 Zizaniopsia 9 Zoyaia 8 ZOYSIEiE 8