CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM arW9671 *^°™" ""'™''*">' ^"""v ^ite!iMi'iifiiii?Li«I]'iSi''®'' ^""'^ a"'' phrases- o.in,an? ^^24 031 427 101 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031427101 Sheldon & Company's Text-IBooks. PHYSIOLOGIES. Hooker' a First Book in Phyaioloffy. For Public Schools. Hooker's New Physiology. Revised, corrected, and put into the most perfect form for text-book use. By J. A. Sew all, M. D., of the Illinois State Normal University. A few of the excellencies of theee books, of which teachers and othert have spoken, are : let. Their cleamesB, both in etatement and deBcriptlon, 2d. The skill with which the ifUereeting pointB of the euhject are bronght ont. 8d. The ezclaeion of all nselees matter ; other books on this subject having mach in them which is useful only to medical students. 4th. The exclusion, so Ihr as is possible, of strictly technical terms. 5th. The adaptation of each book to its particular purpose, the smaller work preparing the scholar to understand the fall development of the subject in the larger one. 6th. In the larger work the science of Physiology is bronght out as it now is, with Its recent import^it discoveries. 7th. Some exceedingly interesting and Important subjects are folly treated, which, in other books of a similar character, are either barely hinted at or are entirely omitted. 8th. These works are not mere eompilatlone, but have the stamp of originalittj, differing in some essential points from all other works <)f their class. 9th. In beauty and clearness of style, which are qualities of no small importance in books for instruction, tAey will rank aa models. 10th. The subject is so presented that there is nothing to offend the most refined taste or the most scrnpnlous delicacy. PALMER'S BOOK-KEEPING. The Elements of Book-Keejyiug, embracing, single and double entry, with a great variety of examples for practice, with Key and Blanks. By Joseph H. Palmeb, A.M. Ml the principles are clearly stated, fully iUustrated, and extensively ap- plied in a great variety of examples in every-day life, for practice In Book- keeping, jfulmer's Blanks to do. (6 numbcrB). Palmer's Practical Book- Keeping. By Joseph H. PaIjMEB, A.m., Instructor in New York Free Academy. 12mo. 107 pages. Blanks to do. (Journal and Ledger), JTey to do. THESAURUS ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES; BO CLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED AS TO FACILITATE THE EXPRESSION OF IDEAS AND ASSIST , IN LITERARY COMPOSITION. PETER MARK ROGET, LATE SECfiETAKY OF THE HOYAL SOCIETY ; AUTIIOB OF THE *' BBIDOEWATEB TBEATISE ON ANIMAL ANU VEOETAULE VIIYSIOLOGY," ETC. REVISED AND EDITED, WVnil A I-IST OP J^onigrt ffiorbs ^jcfiiteb m i8itglb^> anb otijer ^bbitioits, BARNAS SEARS, D.D.,LL.D., LATE SECBETAEY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BOABD OF EDUCATION, AND TBESIDENT OF JIBOWN UNIYKBSITY. NEW ame: DSE^; ISll LQilmOII^, EDITIOir. rEafllTTS. UNIVERSITY LiBRARV NEW YORK: SHELDON AND COMPANY. 8 Mttekay Street. 1880, Entered, according to Act of Congress, in tlio year 1873. By GOULD AND LINCOLN, In the Office of tlic Librarian of Congress, at Wasliingtoa. PUBLISHERS' ADVERTISEMENT TEE NEW AMERICAN EDITION. This great and noble work of Dr. Roget,. occupying his attention more than fifty years in its preparation, and which is so admirably adapted as a reference book for Schools and Colleges, and so impor- tant to every American scholar, furnishes, with respect to the English language, a collection of the WORDS it contains, and of the idiomatic combinations peculiar to it, arranged (as expressed by the author) " not in alphabetical order, as in a DiCTIONAEY, but according to ideas which they express. The purpose of a Dictionary is simply to ex- plain the MEANING OF WORDS, and the word being given to find its signification, or the idea it is intended to convey. The object here is exactly the converse of this ; the idea being given, to find the woi'd or words by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed." As one has well said, "It gives a writer a word he wants when that word is on the tip of his tongue, but altogether beyond his reach ! '' The work has not only become one of standard authority both in this country and in Great Britain, but is regarded, by writers and by our most distinguished scholars, as indispensable for daily use. In the preparation of the present enlarged and greatly improved edition, it has been the aim of the publishers to reproduce from the latest London edition the subject matter of the original work UNA- BRIDGED and ENTIRE, though with variations of arrangement and numerous valuable additions. iii IV PUBLISHERS' ADFEIiTISEMENT. The " Phrases '' and a certain class of words ■which, in former edi- tions, for certain reasons indicated, were transferred from the body of the work, and placed together as an appendix to the volume, — also the foreign words, alphabetically arranged, to which definitions were added, — have, in the present edition, been restored to their original place in the body of the work, as arranged by the author ; while, for the benefit of those only acquainted with the English language, the " List of Foreign Words," with definitions (and to which additions have been made), is retained at the end of the volume. A few paragraphs of the Author's Inti'oduction, and also of the Ed- itor's Preface, not particularly applicable to the present edition, have been omitted. With these additions, and various improvements in arrangement of matter, and in mechanical attractiveness of page, etc., the volume is submitted anew to the public, in the full belief that, in its present en- larged and perfected form, it will meet with even a warmer reception by an appreciative public, and reach a still wider range of circulation and usefulness, than it has heretofore had. Boston, June 18, 1873. PREFACE OF THE AMERICAN EDITOR. The Thesaurus of Roget is justly held in high estimation both in England and in America. Though it is the first work of its kind that has appeared in the history of our lan- guage, the completeness of its plan, and its fulness of details, are such as to leave little to be supplied by othei-s. The book may, in fact, be advantageously taken up by the student of English composition as an ample vocabulary furnished for his special use. The body of our noble language is, in this invaluable manual, anatomized, as it were, and distributed, not under any merely philological arrangement, connected with the mechanism and structure of language, but classified by the wants of the mind with reference to the pui-poses of expression, and the actual demands of oral or written com- munication. For the benefit of those who understand only the English language, the purely foreign words which are intermingled with the English throughout the work have also been placed together at the end of the volume, with an extensive list of others most frequently occurring in our present literature ; to all of which definitions have been added. VI AMERICAN EDITOR'S PREFACE.] With the classification of topics by the author it was deemed inexpedient to interfere, though his distinctions are not always clear, and though he found it necessary to em- ploy in his synoptical table many terms which are hardly English. These terms may bo regarded as merely technical when they occur in the body of the work, being uniformly printed in small capitals, and standing at the head of the groups to which they respectively belong. Apprehending that many who may consult this work would regard the plan of the author for the distribution of his topics as too obscure for ordinary reference, the editor has caused the index to be greatly enlarged, audits numerous errors to he corrected. . . . Nearly every word standing sin- gly in this vast collection of synonymes will be found in its appropriate place in the index, with distinct references to all the paragraphs in which it occurs. In the preparation of the edition now offered to the public the editor has received important assistance from William Russell, Esq., principal of the Normal Institution at Lancas- ter, and Professor S. S. Greene, superintendent of the public schools of Providence, R. I. The former, with pencil in hand, carefully examined the whole work twice ; the latter went through it once in the same way. It is hoped that the united opinions of individuals of differ- ent pursuits and mental habits engaged in the revision, will diminish the chances of any great deviations from the right course. B. SEARS. CONTENTS. rACB EDITOR'S PREFACE. v AUTHOR'S PREFACE. » INTRODUCTION. 13 PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION. 3/ TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES. 32 ABBREVIATIONS 46 THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS. GLASS ONE. WORDS EXPRESSIVE OF ABSTRACT RELATIONS. Section I. Existence • 41 II. Relation 49 III. Quantity 55 IV. Oedek GS V. Ncmbek 73 VI. Time 78 VII. Change 87 VIII. Causation 92 Viii CONTEXTS. CLASS SEGONB. WORDS BELATED TO SPACE. Section I. Space in Genekal 101 " II. Dimensions 103 " III. FOKM 118 " IV. Motion 124 CLASS TEIBB. WORDS RELATING TO MATTER. Section I. Mattes in General 138 " II. Inoeganic Matter 139 " III. Organic Matter 146 CLASS FOUBTE. WORDS RELATING TO THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. Division I. FOKMATIOW OF IDEAS. Section I. Operations of Intellect in General 166 " II. Precuksort Conditions and Operations 168 " III. Materials for Reasoning 172 " IV. Reasoning Processes 175 " V. Results of Reasoning 177 " VT. Extension of Thought 187 CONTENTS. IX CLASS FOUBTE. (^Continued.) WORDS EELATING TO THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. Division II. COMMTTBTIOATIOlir OP IDEAS. Section I. Nature op Ideas communicated 192 " II. Modes of Communication 195 " III. Means op Communication 204 a LASS FIFTH. WORDS RELATING TO THE VOLUNTARY POWERS. Division I. USTDIVIDTTAI. VOLITIOIT. Section I. Volition in General 216 " II. Prospective Volition 224 " III. Voluntaet Action 247 " IV. Antagonism 256 " V. Results op Voluntary Action 266 Division II. IlTTEKSOOIAIi VOLITIOIT. Sbjtion I. General Intersocial Volition 270 " II. Special Intersocial Volition 277 " III. Conditional Intersocial Volition 279 " IV. Pkogkessive Relations ^Sl CONTENTS. CLASS SIXTH. WOEDS RELATING TO THE SENTIENT AND MORAL POWERS. Section I. Affectioks in General 293 " II. Febsonal Affections 296 " III. Sympathetic Affections 822 " TV. MoBAL Affections SS3 " y. Religious Affections SSI INDEX OF THE THESAURUS 859 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FOREIGN WORDS, WITH A LIST OF FOREIGN WOEDS, FBRASES, PliOrERItS, ETC., FROM THE LATIN, FRENCH, ITALIAN, SPANISH, AND GREEK LANGUAGES, WBICB MOST FREQUENTLY OCCUR IN CONVERSATION AND IN WORKS OF GENERAL LITER- ATURE, RENDERED INTO ENOLISB, 625 AUTHOR'S PREFACE. It is now nearly fifty years since I first projected a system of verbal classification similar to' that on which the present Work is founded. Conceiving that such a compilation might help to supply my own deficiencies, I bad, in the year 1805, completed a classed catalogue of words on a small scale, but on the same principle, and nearly in the same form, as the Thesaurus now published. I had often, during that long interval, found this little collection, scanty and imperfect as it was, of much use to me in literary composition, and often contemplated its extension and improvement ; but a sense of the magnitude of the task, amidst a multitude of other avoca- tions, deterred me from the attempt. Since my retirement from the duties of Secretary of the Royal Society, however, finding myself possessed of more leisure, and believing that a repertory of which I had myself experienced the advantage, might, when amplified, prove useful to others, I resolved to embark in an undertaking, which, for the last three or four years, has given me incessant occupation, and has, indeed, imposed upon me an amount of labor very much greater than I had anticipated. Notwithstanding all the pains I have bestowed on its execution, I am fully aware of its numerous deficiencies and imperfections, and of its falling far xi XU AV'IHOIVS PRE t ACE. Bhort of the degree of excellence that might be attained. But, in a Work of this nature, where perfection is placed at so great a distance, I have thought it best to limit my ambi- tion to that moderate share of merit which it may claim in its present form; trusting to the indulgence of those for ■whose benefit it is intended, and to the candor of critics, who, while they find it easy to detect faults, can, at the same time, duly appreciate difficulties. P. M. ROGET. 18 Upper Bedford Place, London, Isr a prefatory note of a late edition, of which tlie present volume is in the main a copy, the author says, — " The increasing demand for this Work has encouraged me to devote considerable time and labor to its further extension and improvement. It has, accordingly, been enriched by the insertion of many thousand expressions not contained in any of the former editions, and a better arrangement, in various places, both of words and phrases, has been adopted." INTEODUCTIOK The present Work is intended to supply, with respect to the English language, a desideratum hitherto unsupplied in any language ; namely, a collection of the words it contains, and of the idiomatic combinations peculiar to it, arranged, not in alphabetical order, as they are in a dictionary, but according to the ideas which they express.* The purpose of an ordinary dictionary is simply to explain the meaning of words ; and the problem of which it professes to furnish the solution may be stated thus : The word being given, to find its signification, or the idea it is intended to convey. The object aimed at in the present undertaking is exactly the converse of this ; namely, the idea being given, to find the word or words by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed. For this purpose, the words and phrases of the language are here classed, not according to their sound or their orthography, but strictly according to their signifi- cation. The communication of our thoughts by means of language, whether spoken or written, like every other object of mental exertion, constitutes a peculiar art, which, like other arts, can- not be acquired in any perfection but by long and contioued practice. Some, indeed, there are more highly gifted than others with a facility of expression, and naturally endowed with the power of eloquence ; but to none is it at all times an easy pi'ocess to embody, in exact and appropriate language, • See note in p. 29. 2 13 14 LNTRODTJCTION. the various trains of ideas that are passing through the mind, or to depict, in their true colors and proportions, the diversi- fied and nicer shades of feehng which accompany them. To those who are unpractised in the art of composition, or un- used to extempore speaking, these difficulties present them- selves in their most formidable aspect. However distinct may be our views, however vivid our conceptions, or how- ever fervent our emotions, we cannot but be often conscious that the phraseology we have at our command is inadequate to do them justice. We seek in vain the words we need, and strive ineffectually to devise forms of expression which shall faithfully portray our thoughts and sentiments. The appropriate terms, notwithstanding our utmost efforts, cannot be conjured up at will. Like "spirits from the vasty deep," they come not when we call ; and we are driven to the em- ployment of a set of words and phrases either too general or too limited, too strong or too feeble, which suit not the occa- sion, which hit not the mark we aim at; and the result of our prolonged exertion is a style at once labored and obscure, vapid and redundant, or vitiated by the still graver faults of affectation or ambiguity. It is to those who are thus painfully groping their way, and struggling with the difficulties of composition, that this Work professes to hold out a helping hand. The assistance it gives is that of furnishing on every topic a copious store of words and phrases, adapted to express all the recognizable shades and modifications of the general idea under which those words and phrases are arranged. The inquirer can readily select, out of the ample collection spread out before his eyes in the following pages, those expressions which are best suited to his purpose, and which might not have occurred to him without such assistance. In order to make this selec- tion, he scarcely ever need engage in any critical or elaborate study of the subtle distinctions existing between synonymous terms; for if the materials set before him be sufficiently abundant, an instinctive tact will rarely fail to lead him to the proper choice. Even while glancing over the columns of INTEODUCTION. 15 this Work, his eye may chance to light upon a particular term which may save the cost of a clumsy paraphrase, or spare the labor of a tortuous circumlocution. Some felicitous turn of expression thus introduced will frequently open to the mind of the reader a whole vista of collateral ideas which could not, without an extended and obtrusive episode, have been unfolded to his view; and often ^7111 the judicious inser- tion of a happy epithet, like a beam of sunshine in a land- scape, illumine and adorn the subject which it touches, im- parting new grace, and giving life and spirit to the picture. Every workman in the exercise of his art should be pro- vided with proper implements. For the fabrication of com- plicated and curious pieces of mechanism, the artisan requires a corresponding assortment of various tools and instruments. For giving proper effect to the fictions of the drama, the actor should have at his disposal a well-furnished wardrobe, supplying the costumes best suited to the personages he is to represent. For the perfect delineation of the beauties of Nature, the painter should have within reach of his pencil every variety and combination of hues and tints. 'Now, the writer, as well as the orator, employs for the accomplishment of his purposes the instrumentality of words ; it is in words that he clothes his thoughts; it is by means of words that he depicts his feelings. It is, therefore, essential to his success that he be provided with a copious vocabulary, and that he possess an entire command of all the resources and appli- ances of his language. To the acquisition of this power no procedure appears more directly conducive than the study of a methodized system such as that now offered to his use. The utility of the present Work will be appreciated more especially by those who are engaged in the arduous process of translating into English a work written in another lan- guage. Simple as the operation may appear, on a superficial view, of rendering into English each of its sentences, the task of transfusing, with perfect exactness, the sense of the origi- nal, preserving at the same time the style and character of its composition, and reflecting with fidelity the mind and the IG rNTKODTTCTION. BpLrit of the author, is t\ task of extreme difficulty. The cul- tivation of this useful department of literature was in ancient times strongly recommended botli by Cicero and by Quinc- tilian as essential to the formation of a good writer and an accomplished orator. Regarded simply as a mental exercise, the practice of translation is the best training for the attain- ment of that mastery of language and felicity of diction which are the sources of the highest oratory, and are requisite for the possession of a graceful and persuasive eloquence. By rendering ourselves the faithful interpreters of the thoughts and feelings of others, we are rewarded with the acquisition of gi-eater readiness and flicility in correctly expressing our own ; as he who has best learned to execute the orders of a commander becomes himself best qualified to command. The use of language is not confined to its being the medium through which we communicate our ideas to one another : it fulfils a no less important function as an instru- ment of thought; not being merely its vehicle, but giving it wings for flight. Metaphysicians are agreed that scarcely any of our intellectual operations could be carried on to any considerable extent without the agency of words. None but those who are conversant with the philosophy of mental phenomena can be aware of the immense influence that is exercised by language in promoting the development of our ideas, in fixing them in the mind, and in detaining them for steady contemplation. Into every process of reasoning, lan- guage enters as an essential element. Words are the instru- ments by which we form all our abstractions, by which we fashion and embody our ideas, and by which we are enabled to glide along a series of premises and conclusions witi a rapidity so great as to leave in the memory no trace of the successive steps of the process, and we remain unconscious how much we owe to this potent auxiliary of the reasoning faculty. It is on this ground, also, that the present Work founds a claim to utility. The review of a catalogue of words of analogous signification will often suggest by asso« INTKODUCTION. 17 ciation other trains of thought, which, presenting the subject under new and varied aspects, will vastly expand the sphere of our mental vision. Amidst the many objects thus brought within the range of our contemplation, some striking similitude or appropriate image, some excursive flight or brilliant con- ception, may flash on the mind, giving point and force to our arguments, awakening a responsive chord in the imagination or sensibility of the reader, and procuring for our reasonings a more ready access both to his understanding and to his heart. It is of the utmost consequence that strict accuracy should regulate our use of language, and that every one should acquire the power and the habit of expressing his thoughts with perspicuity and correctness. Few, indeed, can appre- ciate the real extent and importance of that influence which language has always exercised on human afiairs, or can be aware how often these are determined by causes much slighter than are apparent to a superficial observer. False logic, disguised under specious phraseology, too often gains the assent of the unthinking multitude, disseminating far and wide the seeds of prejudice and error. Truisms pass current, and wear the semblance of profound wisdom, when dressed up in the tinsel garb of antithetical phrases, or set off by an imposing pomp of paradox. By a confused jargon of involved and mystical sentences, the imagination is easily inveigled into a transcendental region of clouds, and the understanding beguiled into the belief that it is acquiring knowledge and approaching truth. A misapplied or misapprehended term is sufiicient to give rise to fierce and interminable disputes ; a misnomer has turned the tide of popular opinion ; a verbal sophism has decided a party question ; an artful watchword thrown among combustible materials has kindled the flames of deadly warfare, and changed the destiny of an empire. In constructing the following system of classification of the ideas which are expressible by language, my chief aim has been to obtain the greatest amount of practical utility, o* 18 rSTBODUCTION. I have accordingly adopted such principles of arrangement as appeared to me to be the simplest and most natural, and which would not require, either for their comprehension or application, any disciplined acumen, or depth of metaphysical or antiquarian lore. Eschewing all needless refinements and subtleties, I have taken as my guide the more obvious char- acters of the ideas for which expressions were to be tabulated, arranging them under such classes and categories as reflec- tion and experience had taught me would conduct the in- quirer most readily and quickly to the object of his search. Commencing with the ideas expressing abstract relations, I proceed to those which relate to space and to the phenomena of the material world, and lastly to those in which the mind is concerned, and which comprehend intellect,- volition, and feeling ; thus establishing six primary Glasses of Categories. 1. The first of these classes comprehends ideas derived from the more general and Abstract Relations among things, such as Existence, Hesemblance, Quantity, Order, Number, Time, Power. 2. The second class refers to Space and its various rela- tions, including Motion, or change of place. 3. The third class includes all ideas that relate to the Material Wokld ; namely, the Properties of Matter, such as Solidity, Fluidity, Heat, Sound, Light, and the Phenom- ena they present, as well as the simple Perceptions to which they give rise. 4. The fourth class embraces all ideas of phenomena relat- ing to the Intellect and its operations ; comprising the Acquisition, the Retention, and the Communication of Ideas. 5. The fifth class includes the ideas derived from the exer- cise of Volition ; embracing the phenomena and results of our Voluntary and Active Powers; such as Choice, Inten- tion, Utility, Action, Antagonism, Authority, Compact, Property, &c. 6. The sixth and last class comprehends all ideas derived from the operation of our Sentient and Moeal Powees ; INTEODtrCTION. 19 includmg our Feelings, Emotions, Passions, and Moral and Religious Sentiments.* The further subdivisions and minuter details ■will be best understood from an inspection of the Tabular Synopsis of Categories prefixed to the Work, in which are specified the several topics, or heads of signification, under which the words have been arranged. By the aid of this table, the reader will, with a little practice, readily discover the place which the particular topic he is in search of occupies in the series ; and on turning to the page in the body of the Work which contains it, he will find the group of expressions he requires, out of which he may cull those that are most appro- priate to his purpose. For the convenience of reference, I have designated each separate group or heading by a par- ticular number; so that, if during the search any doubt or difficulty should occur, recourse may be had to the copious alphabetical Index of words at the end of the volume, which will at once indicate the number of the required group.f * It must necessarily happen in every system of classification framed with this view, that ideas and expressions arranged under one class must include also ideas relating to another class ; for the operations of the Intellect generally inyolve also those of the Will, and vice versa; and our Affections and Emotions in like manner generally imply the agency both of the Intellect and of the Will. All that can he effected, therefore, is to arrange the words according to the principal or domi- nant idea they convey. Teaching, for example, although a Voluntary act, relates primarily to the Communication of Ideas, and is accordingly placed at No. 537, under Class IV., Division II. On the other hand, Choice, Conduct, Skill, &c., although implying the co-operation of Vol- untary with Intellectual acts, relate principally to the former, and are, therefore, arranged under Class V. t It often happens that the same word admits of various applications, or may be used in different senses. In consulting the Index the reader will be guided to the number of the heading under which that word, in each particular acceptation, will be found, by means of supplementary words printed in Italics ; which words, however, are not to be under- Btiod as explaining the meaning of the word to which they are annexed, but only as assisting in the required reference. I have also, for short- ness' sake, generally omitted words immediately derived from th» 20 INTEODTJCTION. The object I have proposed to myself in this Work would have been but imperfectly attained if I had confined myself to a mere catalogue of words, and had omitted the numerous phrases and forms of expression, composed of several words, which are of such frequent use as to entitle them to rank among the constituent parts of the language.* Very few of these verbal combinations, so essential to the knowledge of our native tongue, and so profusely abounding in its daily use, are to be met with in ordinary dictionaries. These phrases and forms of expression I have endeavored diligently to collect and to insert in their proper places, under the gen- eral ideas they are designed to convey. Some of these con- ventional fomis, indeed, partake of the nature of proverbial expressions ; but actual proverbs, as such, being wholly of a didactic character, do not come within the scope of the pres- ent Work, and the reader must, therefore, not expect to find them here inserted. For the purpose of exhibiting with greater distinctness the relations between words expressing opposite and correlative ideas, I have, whenever the subject admitted of such an arrangement, placed them in two parallel columns in the same page, so that each group of expressions may be readily contrasted with those which occupy the adjacent column, and constitute their antitheses. By carrying the eye from the one to the other, the inquirer may often discover forms of expression of which he may avail himself advantageously to diversify and infuse vigor into his phraseology. Rhetoricians, indeed, are well aware of the power derived fi-om the skilful primary one inserted, which sufficiently represents the whole group of correlative words referable to the same heading. Thus the number affixed to Beauty applies to all its derivatives, such as Beautiful, Beau- teous, Beaviify, Beautifulness, Beautifully, &c., the insertion of which was, therefore, needless. * For example : To take time by the forelock ; to turn over a new leaf; to show the white feather ; to have a finger in the pie ; to let the cat out of the bag ; to take care of number one ; to kill two birds with one stone, &c., &c. INTEODUCTION. 21 introduction of antitheses in giving point to an argument, and imparting force and brilliancy to the diction. A too frequent and indiscreet employment of this figure of rhetoric may, it is true, give rise to a vicious and affected style; but it is unreasonable to condemn indiscriminately the occasional and moderate use of a practice on account of its possible abuse. In many cases two ideas which are completely opposed to each other admit of an intermediate or neutral idea, equidis- tant from both ; all these being expressible by corresponding definite terms. Thus in the following examples the words in the first and third columns, which express opposite ideas, admit of the intermediate terms contained in the middle column, having a neutral sense with reference to the former. Identity, Difference, Contrariety. Beginning, Middle, End. Past, Present, Future. In other cases the intermediate word is simply the nega- tive to each of two opposite positions ; as, for example, — Convexity, Flatness, Concavity. Pesire, Indifference, Aversion. Sometimes the intermediate word is properly the standard with which each of the extremes is compared; as in the case of Insufficiency, Sufficiency, Redundance; for here the middle term. Sufficiency, is equally opposed on the one hand to Insufficiency, and on the other to Pedwir dance. These forms of correlative expressions would suggest the use of triple instead of double columns for tabulating this threefold order of words; but the practical inconvenience attending such an arrangement would probably overbalance its advantages. 22 INTEODTJCTIOK. It often happens that the same word has several correla- tive terms, according to the different relations in which it is considered. Thus to the word Criving are opposed both Beceiving and Taking; the former correlation having refei ence to ihe persons concerned in the transfer, while the lattei relates to the mode of transfer. Old has for opposite both New and Young, according as it is applied to things or to living beings. Attach and Defence are correlative terms ; as are also Attack and JResistance. Hesistance, again, has for its other correlative /Submission. Truth in the abstract is opposed to Error; but the opposite of Truth communicated is Falsehood. Acquisition is contrasted both with Depriva- tion and with Loss. Refusal is the counterpart both of Offer and of Consent. Disuse and Misuse may either of them be considered as the correlative of Use. Teaching, with reference to what is taught, is opposed to Misteaching; but with reference to the act itself, its proper reciprocal is Learning. Words contrasted in form do not always bear the same contrast in their meaning. The word Malefactor, for exam- ple, would, from its derivation, appear to be exactly the oppo- site oi Benefactor : but the ideas attached to these two words are far from being directly opposed; for while the latter expresses one who confers a benefit, the former denotes one who has violated the laws. Independently of the immediate practical uses derivable from the arrangement of words in double columns, many considerations, interesting in a philosophical point of view, are presented by the study of correlative expressions. It will be found, on strict examination, that there seldom exists an exact opposition between two words which may at first eight appear to be the counterparts of one another ; for, in general, the one will be found to possess in reality more force or extent of meaning than the other with which it is con- trasted. The correlative term sometimes assumes the form of a mere negative, Although it is really endowed with a cou- siderab.e positive force. Thus Disrespect is not merely the rNTEODTJCTION. 23 absence oi Respect; its signification trenches on the opposite idea, namely, Contempt. In like manner. Untruth is not merely the negative of Truth; it involves a degree o? False- hood. Irreligion, which is properly the want of Religion, is understood as being nearly synonymous with Impiety. For these reasons, the reader must not expect that all the words which stand side by side in the two columns shall be the precise correlatives of each other ; for the nature of the sub- ject, as well as the imperfections of language, renders it im- possible always to preserve such an exactness of correlation. There exist comparatively few words of a general charac- ter to which no correlative term, either of negation or of opposition, can be assigned, and which, therefore, require no corresponding second column. The correlative idea, espe- cially that which constitutes a sense negative to the primary one, may, indeed, be formed or conceived ; but, from its oc- curring rarely, no word has been framed to represent it ; for, in language, as in other matters, the supply fails when there is no probability of a demand. Occasionally we find this deficiency provided for by the contrivance of prefixing the syllable non; as, for instance, the negatives of existence, per- formance, payment, &c., are expressed by the compound words, non-existence, non-performance, non-payment, &c. Functions of a similar kind are performed by the prefixes dis-^ anti; contra-, mis-, in-, and w^i-.f With respect to all these, and especially to the last, great latitude is allowed according to the necessities of the case ; a latitude which is limited only by the taste and discretion of the writer. On the other hand, it is hardly possible to find two words having in all respects the same meaning, and being, therefore, interchangeable; that is, admitting of being employed indis- ♦ The word disannul, howeyer, has the same meaning as annul; to unloose is the same as to loose, and inebriety is synonymous with ehriety. t In the case of adjectives, the addition to a substantive of the ter- minal syllable less, gives it a negative meaning: as taste, tasteless; care, careless; hope, hopeless; friend, friendless ; fault, faultless, &c. 24 rNTKODUCTION. criminately, the one or the other, in all their applications. The investigation of the distinctions to be drawn between words apparently synonymous, forms a separate branch of inquiry, which I have not presumed here to enter upon; for the subject has already occupied the attention of much abler critics than myself, and its complete exhaustion would require the devotion of a whole life. The purpose of this Work, it must be borne in mind, is, not to explain the signification of words, but simply to classify and arrange them according to the sense in which they are now used, and which I presume to be already known to the reader. I enter into no inquiiy into the changes of meaning they may have undergone in the course of time.* I am content to accept them at the value of their present currency, and have no concern with their etymologies, or with the history of their transformations; far less do I venture to thrid the mazes of the vast labyrinth into which I should be led by any attempt at a general dis- crimination of synonymes. The difficulties I have had to contend with have already been sufficiently great, without this addition to my labors. The most cursory glance over the pages of a dictionary will show that a great number of words are used in various senses, sometimes distinguished by slight shades of difference, but often diverging widely from their primary signification, and even, in some cases, bearing to it no perceptible relation. It may even happen that the very same word has two signifi- cations quite opposite to one another. This is the case with ♦ Such changes are innumerable : for instance, the words tyrant, parasite, sophist, churl, knave, villain, anciently conveyed no oppro- brious meaning. Impertinent merely expressed irrelative, and implied neither rudeness nor intrusion, as it does at present. Indifferent originally meant impartial; extravagant was simply digressive : and to prevent was properly to precede and assist. The old translations of the Scriptures furnish many striking examples of the alterations which time has brought in the signification of words. Much curious informa- tion on this subject is contained in Trench's Lectures on the Study of Words. nSTTEODUCTIOSr. 25 the verb to cleave, which means to adhere tenaciously, and also to separate by a blow. To propugn sometimes expresses to attack; at other times to defend. To let is to hinder, aa well as to permit. To ravel means both to entangle and to disentangle. Priceless may either mean invaluable or of no value. Nervous is used sometimes for strong, at other times for weaJc. The Alphabetical Index at the end of this Work sufficiently shows the multiplicity of uses to which, by the elasticity of language, the meaning of words has been stretched, so as to adapt them to a great variety of modified significations in subservience to the nicer shades of thought, which, under peculiarity of circumstances, require correspond- ing expression. Words thus admitting of difierent meanings have, therefore, to be arranged under each of the respective heads corresjjonding to these various acceptations. There are many words, again, which express ideas compounded of two elementary ideas belonging to difierent classes. It is, therefore, necessary to place these words respectively under each of the generic heads to which they relate. The neces- sity of these repetitions is increased by the circumstance that ideas included under one class are often connected by rela- tions of the same kind as the ideas which belong to another class. Thus we find the same relations of order and of quan- tity existing among the ideas of Time as well as those of Space. Sequence in the one is denoted by the same terms as sequence in the other; and the measures of time also ex- press the measures of space. The cause and the effect are often designated by the same word. The word Sound, for instance, denotes both the impressions made vipon the air by sonorous vibrations, and also the vibrations themselves, which are the cause or source of that impression. Mixture is used for the act of mixing, as well as for the product of that opera- tion. Taste and Smell express both the sensations and the qualities of material bodies giving rise to them. Thought is the act of thinking; but the same word denotes also the idea resulting from that act. Judgment is the act of decid- ing, and also the decision come to. Purchase is the, acquisi 3 26 IITTKODUCTION. ~ tion of a thing by payment, as well as the thing itself so acquired. Speech is both the act of speaking and the words spoken ; and so on with regard to an endless multiplicity of words. Mind is essentially distinct from Matter ; and yet, in all languages, the attributes of the one are metaphorically transferred to those of the other. Matter, in all its forms, is endowed by the figurative geuius of every language with the functions which pertain to intellect ; and we perpetually talk of its phenomena and of its powers, as if they resulted from the voluntary influence of one body on another, acting and reacting, impelling and being impelled, controlling and being controlled, as if animated by spontaneous energies and guided by specific intentions. On the other hand, expressions, of which the primary signification refers exclusively to the prop- erties and actions of matter, are metaphorically applied to the phenomena of thought and volition, and even to the feelings and passions of the soul ; and in speaking of a ray of hope, a shade of doubt, a flight of fancy, a flash of wit, the warmth of emotion, or the ebuUitiojis of anger, we are scarcely con- scious that we are employing metaphors which have thia material origin. As a general rule, I have deemed it incumbent on me to place words and phrases which appertain more especially to one head, also under the other heads to which they have a relation, whenever it appeared to me that this repetition would suit the convenience of the inquirer, and spare him the trou- ble of turning to other parts of the work ; for I have always preferred to subject myself to the imputation of redundance, rather than incur the reproach of insufficiency.* When, * Frequent repetitions of the same series cf expressions, accordingly, will be met with under yarious licadings. For example, the word Eelinquishmcnt, with its synonymes, occurs as a heading at No. 624, where it applies to intention, and also at No. 782, where it refers to property. The word Chance has two significations, distinct from one another : the one implying the absence of an assignable cause ; in which case it C5mcs under the category of the relation of Causation, and occupies the No. I5G : the other, the absence of design, in which latter INTEODUCTION. 27 however, the divergence of the associated from the primary idea is sufficiently marked, I have contented myself with making a reference to the place where the modified significa- tion will be found. But in order to prevent needless exten- sion, I have, in general, omitted conjugate words, which are so obviously derivable from those that are given in the same place, that the reader may safely be left to form them for himself. This is the case with adverbs derived from adjec- tives by the simple addition of the terminal syllable ly; such as closely, carefully, safely, &c., from close, careful, safe, &c., and also with adjectives or participles immediately derived fi-om the verbs which are already given. In all such cases, an "&c." indicates that reference is understood to be made to these roots. The same verb is frequently used indiscriminately either in the active or transitive, or in the neuter or intransitive sense. In these cases I have generally not thought it worth while to increase the bulk of the Work by the needless repe- tition of that word ; for the reader, whom I suppose to under- stand the use of the words, must also be presumed to be competent to apply them correctly. There are a multitude of words of a specific character, which, although they properly occupy places in the columns of a dictionary, yet, having no relation to general ideas, do not come within the scope of this compilation, and are conse- quently omitted. The names of objects in Natural History, and technical terms belonging exclusively to Science or to Art, or relating to particular operations, and of which the signification is restricted to those specific objects, come under this category. sense it ranks under the operations of the Will, and has assigned to it the place No. 621. I have, in like mannor, distinguished Sensibility, Pleasure, Pain, Taste, &c., according as they relate to Physical or to Moral Affections ; the former being found at Nos. 375, 377, 378, 390, &c., and the latter at Nos. 822, 827, 828, 850, &c. 28 INTRODUCTION. With regard to the admission of many words and expres. Bions which the classical reader might be disposed to con- demn as vulgarisms, or which he, perhaps, might stigmatize as pertaining rather to the slang than to the legitimate language of the day, I would beg to observe, that, having duo regard to the uses to which this Work was to be adapted, I did not feel myself justified in excluding them solely on that ground, if they possessed an acknowledged currency in general inter- course. It is obvious that, with respect to degrees of con- ventionality, I could not have attempted to draw any strict lines of demarcation ; and far less could I have presumed to erect any a^bsolute standard of purity. My object, be it remembered, is not to regulate the use of words, but simply to supply and to suggest such as may be wanted on occasion, leaving the proper selection entirely to the discretion and taste of the employer. If a novelist or a dramatist, for exam- ple, proposed to delineate some vulgar personage, he would wish to have the power of putting into the mouth of the speaker expressions that would accord with his character; just as the actor (to revert to a former comparison) who had to personate a peasant would choose for his attire the most homely garb, and would have just reason to complain if the theatrical wardrobe furnished him with no suitable cos- tume. Words which have, in process of time, become obsolete, are of course rejected from this collection. On the other hand, I have admitted a considerable number of words and phrases borrowed from other languages, chiefly the French and Latin, some of which may be considered as already natu- ralized ; while others, though avowedly foreign, are frequently employed in English composition, particularly in familiar style, on account of their being peculiarly expressive, and because we have no corresponding words of equal force in our own language.* The rapid advances which are being made in scientific knowledge, and consequent improvement ♦ All these words and phrases arc printed in Italics. rNTilOD0CTION. 29 in all the arts of life, and the extension of those arts and Bciences to so many new purposes and objects, create a con- tinnal demand for the formation of new terms to express new agencies, new wants, and nev7 combinations. Such terras, from being at first merely technical, are rendered, by more general use, familiar to the multitude, and having a well- defined acceptation, are eventually incorporated into the language, which they contribute to enlarge and to enrich. Neologies of this kind are perfectly legitimate, and highly advantageous; and they necessarily introduce those gradual and progressive changes which every language is destined to undergo.* Some modern writers, however, have indulged in a habit of arbitrarily fabricating new words and a new-fangled phraseology, without any necessity, and with manifest injury to the purity of the language. This vicious practice, the off- spring of indolence or conceit, implies an ignorance or neglect of the riches in which the English language already abounds, and which would have supplied them with words of recog- nized legitimacy, conveying precisely the same meaning as those they so recklessly coin in the illegal mint of their own fancy. A work constructed on the plan of classification I have proposed might, if ably executed, be of great value, in tending to limit the fluctuations to which language has always been subject, by establishing an authoritative standard for its regu- lation. Future historians, philologists, and lexicographers, when investigating the period when new words were intro- duced, or discussing the import given at the present time to *' Thus, in framing the present classification, I have frequently felt the want of substantive terms corresponding to abstract qualities cr ideas denoted by certain adjectives, and have been often tempted to invent words that might express these abstractions : but I have yielded to this temptation only in the four following instances ; having framed from the adjectives irrelative, amorphous, sinistral, and gaseous, tho abstract nouns irrelation, amorpliism, sinistrality, and gaseity. I have ventured, also, to introduce the adjective intcrsocial, to express the active voluntary relations between man and man. 3* 30 ESTTEODUCTION. the old, might find their labors lightened by being enabled to appeal to such a standard, instead of having to search for data among the scattered writings of the age. Nor would its utility be confined to a single language ; for the principles of its construction are universally applicable to all languages, whether living or dead. PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION. Class. I. ABSTRACT RELATIONS II. SPACE III. MATTER IV. INTELLECT V. VOLITION . Sect, Nob. 1. Existence 1-8 2. Relation 9-24 3. QUANTITT 25-57 4. Order 68-83 5. Number 84-105 6. Time 106-139 7. Change i 140-152 8. Causation .... 153-179 fl. Generally .... 180-191 I 2. Dimensions .... 192-239 3. Form 240-263 [4. Motion 264-315 fl. Generally .... 316-320 2. Inorganic 321-356 1 3. Organic 357-449 rl. Formation op Ideas 450-515 2. Communication of I- Ideas 616-599 r 1. Individual L2. Inteksocial VI. AFFECTIONS Generally Personal . Sympathetic Moral . . . Religious . 600-736 737-819 820-826 827-887 888-921 922-975 976-1000 31 TABULAE SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES. Class I. ABSTRACT RELATIONS. I. EXISTENCK. 1. Absthact . 2. conceete . 3. EOBMAL . . 4. Modal . . II. EELATION. 1. Absolute . 2. Continuous 3. Partial . . i. Genekal . III. QUANTITY. 1. Simple . . 2. COMPAEATIVB 8. CONJUNCTITB . 1. Existence. 3. Substantiality. Internal. 5. Intrinsicality. Absolute.- 7. State. 9. Kelation. 11. Consanguinity. 12. Reciprocality. 13. Identity. 16. Uniformity. 17. Similarity. 19. Imitation. 21. Copy. 23. Agreement. 2. Inexistence. 4. Unsubstantiality External. 6. Extrinsicality. Relative. 8. Circumstance. 10. Irrelation. 14. Contrariety. 15. Difference. 18. Dissimilarity. nQ 5 Non-imitation, \ Variation. 22. Prototype. 24. Disagreemeiit. Absolute. Relative. '25. Quantity. 26. Degree. ; 27. Equality. 28. Inequality. ' 29. Mean. 80. Compensation. By comparison with a Standard. SI. Greatness. 32. Smallncss. By comparison 33. Superiority. Changes 35. Increase. 37. Addition. 39. Adjunct. 41. Mixture. 43. Junction. 45. "Vinculum. 46. Coherence. 48. Combination. with a similar Object, 84. Inferiority. in Quantity. 36. Decrease. 38. 40. 42. 44. C Non-addition, ( Subduction. Remainder. Sirapleness. Disjunction. 47. Incoherence. 49. Decomposition, 32 SYNOPSIS OF CATEGOEIES. 06 i. Concrete. IV. ORDER. 1. Geneeal . 2. Consecutive , 3. Collective . i. DlSTKIBUTlVE 5. Categokical V. NUMBER. 1. Abstract . . 2. Determinate 3. Indeterminate VI. TIME. 1, ABSOLniE . . . to Succession 2. Rel- ative to a Period to an Effect , or Purpose 50. 52. Bi. 56. 58. 60. 62. 64. 66. 68. 69. 71. 72. 74. 75. 76. 78. 80. 84. 85. L 86. 87. 89. 90. 92. 93. 95. 96. 98. rlOO. 102. 104. 105. 106. 108. 110. 112. 114. 116. 118. 120. 121. 123. 125. 127. 129. 131. rl32. Il34. WhulG. Completeness. Composition. Component. Order. Arrangement. Precedence. Precursor. Beginning. Middle. Continuity. Term. Assemblage. Focus. Class. Inclusion. Generality. Rule. Conformity. Number. Numeration. List. Unity. Duality. Duplication. Triality. Triplication. Quaternity. Quadruplication. Five, &c. Plurality. Multitude. Repetition. Infinity. Duration. Definite. Period. Diuturnity. Perpetuity. Clironometry. Priority. Present time. Synchronism. Futurity. Newness. Morning. Youth. Infant. Adolescence. Earliness. Occasion. 51. Part. 53. Incompleteness. 55. Exclusion. 57. Extraneousness. 59. Disorder. 61. Derangement. 63. Sequence. 65. Sequel. 67. End. 70. Discontinuity. r-o /Non-assemblage. ■\Dispersion. 77. Exclusion. 79. Specialty. 81. Multiformity. 83. Unconformity. 88. Accompaniment. 91. Bisection. 94. Trisection. 97. Quadrisection. 99. Quinque?ection,&« 101. Zero. 103. Fewness. 107. Neverness. Indefinite. 109. Course. 111. Transientness. 113. Instantaneity. 115. Anachronism. 117. Posteriority. 119. Different time. 122. Pretention. 124. Oldness. 126. Evening. 128. Age. 130. Veteran. 133. Lateness. 135. Intempestivity. 34 SYNOPSIS OS" CATEGORIES. 3. Eectjekent VII. CHANGE. 1. Simple . . 2. COJIPLEX . . \III. CAUSATION. 1. Constancy op Sequence . . 2. Connection be- tween Cause AND Effect . 3. Powes in Ope- eation . . . / 136. • U38. ri40. 142. Hi. 146. L147. ri49. 4. Indieect Powek | 5. Combinations / OP Causes . . \ 151. 153. 155. 157. 159. 161. 163. 164. 166. 168. 170. 171. 1173. 175. 176. Frequency. Periodicity. Change. Cessation. Conversion. EeTolution. Substitution. Cliangeablencss. Present. Eventuality. 137. Infrequeney. 139. Irregularity. 141. Permanence. 143. Continuance. 145. Eeversion. 148. Interchange. 150. Stability. Future. 152. Destiny. ■ Constant Ante- ( Constant Se- cedent. 154. i queni. . Cause. L Effect. (Assignment of i Cause. L Attribution. Power. Degrees Strength. Production. Eeproduction. Producer. Paternity. Productiveness. Agency. Energy. Violence. Influence. Tendency. Absence of As- 156. ■ signment. . Chance. 158. Impotence. of Power. 160. Weakness. 162. Destruction. 165. Destroyer. 167. Posterity. 169. Unproductiveness 172. Inertness. 174. Moderation. 177. Liability. 178. Concurrence. 179. Counteraction. Class II. SPACE. r. SPACE IN GENERAL. 1. Absteact Space 180. 2. Relative Space /l^^- 1184. 3. Existence in ' ^^'^• Space . . . II. DIMENSIONS. 1. Geneeal 188. 1190. fl92i 194. • I 196. a98. / Indefinite. \ Space. Situation. Location. Presence. Inhabitant. Contents. Size. Expansion. Distance. Interval. 181 i Definite. \ Region. 182 / •^'™*^^''' \ Place. 186. Displacement. 187. Absence. 189. Abode. 191. Receptacle. 193. Littleness. 195. Contraction. 197. Nearness. 199. Contiguity. .^OtSIS OJ? CATEGORIES. 35 Sj Linear S. Centki- CAL . . ' General ■ . Special rii. roEM. 1. General . . . 2. Special .... S Superficial . IV, MOTION. 1. Motion in Gen- . eral .... 2. Degrees op Motion . . . ' 3. Conjoined with Force . ■ . . ' 200, 202. 204, 206. 208. 210. 212, 214, 216. 218, 1219, 220, 222, 223, 225. 227. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 236. 1238. 276, Length. / Breadth. 1 Thickness. Layer. Height. Depth. Summit. Vertieality, Pendency. Parallelism. Inversion. Crossing. Exteriority. Centrality. Covering. Investment. Circumjacence. Circumspection. Outline. Edge. Inolosure. Limit. Eront. Laterality. Dextrality. Form. Symmetry. Angularity. Curvature. Circularity. Eotundity. Convexity. Sharpness. Smoothness. Notch. Fold. Furrow. Opening. Perforator. Motion. Journey. Traveller. Transference. Carrier. Vehicle. Velocity. Impulse. 201. Shortness. 203 /^^""^"Ees. 1 Thinness. 205. Filament. 207. Lowness. 209. Shallowness. 211. Base. 213. Horizontality. 215. Support. 217. Obliquity. 221. Interiority. 224. Lining. 226. Divestment. 228. Interjacence. 235. Eear. 237. Anteposition. 239. Sinistrality. 241. Amorphism. 243. Distortion. 246. Straightness. 248. Convolution. 251. Flatness. 252. Concavity. 254. Bluntness. 256. Roughness. 261. Closure. 263. Stopper. 265. QuioscencOi 267. Navigation. 269. Mariner. 273, Ship. 275. Slowness. 277. Recoil. 86 SYNOPSIS OF CATEGOEIES. 4. With keferekce TO Direction ■278. Direction. 279. Deviation. 2S0. Precession. 281. Sequence. 282. Progression. 2S3. Regression. 284. Propulsion. 285. Traction. 286. Approach. 2S7. Recession. 288. Attraction. 289. Repulsion. 290. Convergence. 291. Divergence. 292. Arrival. 293. Departure. 29i. Ingress. 295. Egress. 296. Reception. 297. Ejection. 293. Food. 299. Excretion. 300. Insertion. 301. Extraction. 302. Passage. 303. Transcursion. 304. Shortcoming 305. Ascent. 306. Descent. 307. Elevation. 308. Depression. 309. Leap. 310. Plunge. 311. Circuition. 312. Rotation. 313. Evolution. 314. Oscillation. 315. Agitation. Class HI. MATTER. r MATTER mGEIT-(^}«:^^.^„*;,f"y- ^"^^ 1319. Gravity. n. INORGANIC MAT- TER. 1. Solids 2. Fluids 1. In Gen- eral 2. Specific 321. 323. 325. 327. 329. 330. 1331. /333. 1335. 337. 339. 341. 343. L345. f347. In Mo- 348. iion. \35o. |-352. Impeetect Fluids \ 354. Density. Hardness. Elasticity. Tenacity. Texture. Pulverulence. Friction. Fluidity. Liquefaction. Water. Moisture. Ocean. ("Gulf. \Lake. Marsh. Stream. River. Conduit. Seniiliquidity Pulpiness. 317. Immateriality. 320. Levity. 322. Rarity. 324. Softness. 32G. Inelasticity. 328. Brittleness. 332. Lubrication. 334. Gaseity. 336. Vaporization. 338. Air. 340. Dryness. 342. Land. 344. Plain. 346. Island. 349. Wind. 351. Air-pipe. 353. Bubble. 355. UnctuousnesR 356. oa. SYiN^OPSlS OF CATEGORIES. 37 :il. ORGANIC MATTER. •357. ' In Gen- 1. Vitality. eral o m ■ ro . Special 1. General . . . . 1. Touch. 2. Heat . 2. Special 3. Taste , i. Odor 6. Light . 4 359. Organization. Life. ' r3G4, 366 368, 370, 372 373, r875 1377, J 379. T 1 380. I 382. 384. 386. 390. 392. 393. 394. L396. f398. 1400. Animality. Animal. Zoology. Ciouration. Mankind. Man. Sensibility. Pleasure. Touch. Sensations Touch. Heat. Calefaction. Purnace. Fuel. Thermometer. Taste. Pungency. Condiment. Savoriness. Sweetness. Odor. Fragrance. 358. 360. 361. 362. 363. 365. 367. 369. 371. 374. 376. 378. Inorganization. Death. Killing. Corpse. Interment. Vegetability. Vegetable. Botany. Agriculture. Woman. Insensibility. Pain. of 381. Numbness. 383, 385, 387. Cold. Refrigeration. Refrigeratory. 391. Insipidity. 395. 397. 399. 401. TJnsavoriness. Sourness. Inodorousness. Foetor. 5. Sound ■ 1. Sound in General. 402. Sound. 403. Silence. 404. Loudness. 405. Faintness. 2. Specific Sounds. 406. Snap. 407. Roll. 408. Resonance. 409. Sibilation. 410. Stridor. 411. Cry. 412. Ululation. 3. Musical Sounds. .,„ /Melody. 414. Discord. ^^'^- IConcord. 415. Music. 416. Musician. 417. Musical Instruments. 4. Perception of Sound. 418. Hearing. 419. Deafness. 1. Light in General. 420. Light. 421. Darkness. 422. Dimness. 423. Luminary. 424. Shade. 425. Transparency. 426. Opacity. 427. Semitransparency, 38 SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES. 6, Light, continued. ■ 2. Specific Light. 429. Achromatism. 431. Blackness. 433. Brown. 435. Greenness. 437. Purple. 439. Orange. 428. Color. 430. Whiteness. 432. Gray. 434. Kedness. 436. Yellowness. 438. Blueness. 440. Variegation. 3. Perceptions of Light. 441. Vision. 442. Blindness. 443. Dim-sightedness, 444. Spectator. 445. Optical Instruments. 446. Visibility. 447. Invisibility. 448. Appearance. 449. Disappearance. Class IV. INTELLECT. Division I. FOKMATION OF IDEAS. I. Opekations of In- tellect IN Gen- eral II. Pkecuesoky Condi- tions AND Opeka- TIONS III. Mateeials fok Beasonino . . . IV. Keasoniko Pno- CESSES V. Results op Eea- EONINO 450. Intellect. 451. 453. f455. 457. 450. 461. 463. 465. L46G. 407. Thought. Idea. Curiosity. Attention. Care. Inquiry. Experiment. Discrimination. Measurement. Evidence. 450a. Absence of In- tellect. 452. Incogitancy. 454. Topic. 456. Incuriosity. 458. Inattention. 460. Neglect. 462. Answer. 464. Comparison. 465a. Indiscrimination. 468. Counter-evidence 469. Qualification. 470. 472. 474. 470. 478. 480. 482. Hegrees of Evidence. Possibility. 471. Impossibility. 473. Improbability. 475. Uncertainty. /Intuition. Probability. Certainty. Ecasoning, 477. (.Sophistry. Demonstration. 479. Confutation. Judgment. 481. Misjudgment. Over-estimation. 483. Undcr-cstimation 484. Belief. 486. 488. 490. Credulity. Assent. Knowledge. ii5- / Unbelief. *^^- iDoubt. 487. Incredulity. 489. Dissent. 491. Ignorance. SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES. 8f» V. Results op Eea- SONING, cordinued. VI. Exten- sion OP ■ Thought 2. To the Fu- ture. ■ J. To the Past. 492. 404. 496. 498. 500. 502. 505. 507. Scholar. 493. Ignoramus. Truth. 495. Error. Maxim. 497. Absurdity. Faculties. 510. 511. 512. L513. VII. Creative Thought |gjg" /Intelligence. \Wisdoin. Sage. Sanity. Memory. Expectation. Foresiglit. Prediction. Omen. Oracle. Supposition. Imagination, 499 /Imbecility. ^^^- lEolly. 501. Fool. 503. Insanity. 504. Madman. 506. Oblivion. 508. Inexpectation. 609. Blsappointmeut DiTisiON II. COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. I. Nature op Ideas Communicated . . II. Modes op Commu- nication .... ■61G. Meaning. 518. Intelligibility. 520. Equivocalness. 521. Metaphor. 522. Interpretation. .524. Interpreter. 525. Manifestation. 527. Information. 529. Disclosure. 531. Publication. 532. News. 534. Messenger. 535. AflSrmation. 537. Teaching. 540. Teacher. 542. School. 543. Veracity. 547. Dupe. III. Means op Communication. '550. Indication. 551. Eecord. 653. Recorder. 1. Natural Means . . \ fj'- Representation. ^ 656. Painting. 657. Sculpture. 658. EngAving. 559. Artist. 517. Unmeaningness. 519. Unintelligibility. 523. Misinterpretation. 626. Latency. 528. Concealment. 530. Ambush. 583. Secret. 536. Negation. 638. Misteaching. 639. Learning. 641. Learner. 644. Ealsehood. 645. Deception. 546. Untruth. 548. Deceiver. 549. Exaggeration 552. Obliteration. 555. Misrepresentation. 40 SYNOPSIS OP CATEGOEIES. 1, Language generally III. Means of Communication, continued. '5G0. Language. 5G1. Letter. 5G2. Word. 564. Nomenclature. 566. Phrase. 567. Grammar. 563. Style. Qualities 670. Perspicuity. 572. Conciseness. 574. Vigor. 576. Plainness. 1.578. Elegance. 580. Voice. 582. Speech. 584. Loquacity. 586. Allocution. .588. Interlocution. 690. Writing. 592. Correspondence. 694. Description. 595. Dissertation. 596. Compendium. 597. Poetry. L599. The Drama. 2. Conven- tional Means 2. Spolcen Language 3, Written Language 663. Neology. 565. Misnomer. 668. Solecism. of Style. 571. Obscurity.' 573. Diffuseness. 675. Feebleness. 577. Ornament. 679. Inelegance. 581. Aphony. 583. Stammering 585. Taciturnity. 687. Eesponse. 589. Soliloquy, 591. Printing. 593. Book. 598. Prose. Class V. VOLITION. Division I. INDIVIDUAL VOLITION. fl. Acts I. Voli- tion IN General 600. Will. 602. Willingness. 604. Eesolution. 606. Obstinacy. 609. Choice. 611. Predetermina- .613. Habit, [tion. 2. Causes. (615. Motive. I \617. Plea. 1 3. Objects. 618. Good. 620. Intention. 622. Pursuit. II. Pro- spective • Volition 1. Concep- tional 625. Business. 626. Plan. 627. Method. 628. Mid-course. 630. Requirement. 601. Necessity. 603. Unwillingness. 605. Irresolution. 607. Tergiversation. 608. Caprice. 610. Rejection. 612. Impulse. 614. Desuetude. 616. Dissuasion. 619. Evil. 621. Chance. 623. Avoidance. 624. Relinquishment C29. Circuit. SYlSrOPSIS OP CATEGORIES. 41 II. Pro- spective Volition continued 2. Suhser- vience to Ends . . rii. Ac- I TION 3. Precur- sory Meas- 1. Simple . .2. Complex i* 631. 632. 633. 634. 635. 636. 637. 639. 641. 642. 644. 646. 648. 650. C52. 654. 656. 658. 660. 662. 664. 666. 668. 669. 670. 671. 672. 673. 675. 676. 677. r680. 682. 684. 686. 688. 690. [691. 692. 693. 694. 695. 696. 697. 698. roo. 1702. 1. Actual Svlscrvience. Instrumentality. Means. Instrument. Substitute. Materials. Store. Provision. Sufficiency. Redundance. 638. Waste. 640. Insufficiency. 2. Degree of Subservience. Importance. Utility. Expedience. Goodness. Perfection. Cleanness. Health. Salubrity. Improvement. Restoration. Remedy. 643. Unimportance 645. Inutility. 647. Inexpedience. 649. Badness. 651. Imperfection. 653. Uncleanuess. 655. Disease. 657. Insalubrity. 659. Deterioration. 661. Relapse. 663. Bane. 3. Contingent Subservience. Safety. Refuge. Warning. Alarm. Preservation. Escape. Deliverance. Preparation. Undertaking. Use. Action. Activity. Haste. Exertion. Fatigue. Agent. Workshop. Conduct. Direction. Director. Advice. Council. Precept. Skill. Proficient. Cunning. 665. Danger. 667. Pitfall. 674. Non-preparation 678. Disuse. 679. Misuse. 681. Inaction. 683. Inactivity. 685. Leisure. 687. Repose. 689. Refreshment. 699. Unskilfulness. 701. Bungler. 703. Artlessness. 42 SYNOPSIS OP CATEGOKIES. IV. An- tago- nism . .2. Active 706. Hinderanee. 708. Opposition. 710. Opponent. 712. Party. 713. Discord. .715. Defiance. 716. Attack. 718. Eetaliation. 720. Contention. 722. Warfare. 724. Mediation. 725. Submission. 726. Combatant. 727. Arms. 728. Arena. '729. Completion. 731. Success. 733. Trophy. 734. Prosperity. .736. Mediocrity. V. Eestjlts of Action 705. Facility. 707. Aid. 709. Co-operation. 711. Auxiliary. 714. Concord. 717. Defence. 719. Eesistance. 721. Peace. 723. Pacification. 730. Non-completion, 732. Failure. 735. Adversity. Division II. INTERSOCIAL VOLITION. I. General VI. Special til. Conditional 737. Authority. 739. Severity. 741. Command. 742. Disobedience. 744. Compulsion. 745. Master. 747. Sceptre. 748. Freedom. 750. Liberation. 753. Keeper. 755. Commission. 758. Consignee. 759. Deputy. , 760. Permission. 762. Consent. 763. Ofier. 765. Request. 767. Petitioner. 768. Promise. 769. Compact. 770. Conditions. 771. Security. 772. Observance. 774. Compromise. 738. Laxity. 740. Lenity. 743. Obedience. 746. Servant. 749. Subjection. 751. Eestraint. 752. Prison. 754. Prisoner. 756. Abrogation. 757. Resignation. 761. Prohibition. 764. Refusal. 766. Deprecation. 768a. Release. 773. Non-fbscTvanca SYNOPSIS 0]r CAXEGOKIES. 43 IV, T. Possessive Kelations. [775. Acquisition. 776. Loss. 1. Property in Gen- eral 777. 779. 780. Possession. Possessor. Property. 778. Participation 781. Eetention. 782. Relinquishment r783. Transfer. 784. Giving. 785. Receiving. 786. Apportionment. 2. Transfer of Prop- 787. Lending. 788. Borrowing. erty 789. 791. 792. 793. "794. Taking. Stealing. Thief. Booty. Barter. 790. Restitution. 8. Interchange of 795. 797. Purchase. Merchant. 796. Sale. Property ... 798. 799. r800. 801. 803. Merchandise. Mart. Money. Treasurer. Treasury. 803. Wealth. 804. Poverty. 805. Credit. 806. Debt. 4. Monetary Rela- 807. Payment. 808. Non-payment. tions ' 809. 811. Expenditure. Accounts. 810. Receipt* 812. Price. 813. Discount. 814. Dearness. 815. Cheapness. 816. Liberality. 817. Economy. 818. Prodigality. 819. Parsimony Class VI. AFFECTIONS. t. AFFECTIONS GEN- ERALLY .... II. PERSONAL. 1. Passive , (■820. Affections. 821. Peeling. 822. Sensibility. 824. Excitation. .825. Excitability. r827. Pleasure. 823. 826. 828. 829. Pleasurableness. 830. 832. 833. 835. 837. 839. 841. 843. 831. Content. 834. Relief. 836. Cheerfulness. 838. Rejoicing. 840. Amusement. I 842. Wit. (.844. Humorist. Insensibility. Inexeitabilily. Pain. Painfulness. Discontent. Regret. Aggravation. Dejection. Lamentation. Weariness. Dulness. 44 SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES. 2. Discriminative , 3. PnOSPECTITE 4. Contemplative 6. Extrinsic . Itl. SYMPATHETIC. 1. Social '845. Beauty. 847. Ornament. 850. Taste. 852. Fashion. 858. Hope. 861. Courage. 863. Rashness. 865. Desire. '870. Wonder. 1872. Prodigy. '873. Eepute. 875. Nobility. 877. Title. 878. Pride. 880. Vanity. 882. Ostentation. 883. Celebration. 884. Boasting. 885. Insolence. 887. Blusterer. 888. Friendship. 890. Friend. 892. Sociality. 894. Courtesy. 896. Congratulation. 897. Love. 899. Favorite. 902. Endearment. 903. Marriage. 906. Benevolence. 2. DlFFlTSIVB 910. Philanthropy. .912. Benefactor. \915. Condolence. r916. Gratitude. t. Retrospective . . 918. Forgiveness. 846. Ugliness. 848. Blemish. 849. Simplicity. 851. Vulgarity. 853. Ridiculousness. 854. Fop. 855. Affectation. 856. Ridicule. 857. Laughing-stock 859. Hopelessness. 860. Fear. 862. Cowardice. 864. Caution. 866. Indifference. 867. Dislike. 868. Fastidiousness. 869. Satiety. 871. Expectance. 874. Disrepute. 876. Commonalty. 879. Humility. 881. Modesty. 886. Servility. 889. Enmity. 891. Enemy. 893. Seclusion. 895. Discourtesy, 898. Hate. 900. Resentment. 901. Irascibility. 904. Celibacy. 905. Divorce. 907. Malevolence. 908. Malediction. 909. Threat. 911. Misanthropy. 913. Evil doer. 914a. Pitilessncss 917. Ingratitude. 919. Revenge. 920. Jealousy. 921. Envy. SYNOPSIS OP CATEGOBIES. 45 £V. MOKAL. 1. Obligations . 2. Sentiments . 3. Conditions . . 4. FSACTICE 6. Institutions . V. RELIGIOUS. 1. SOPEKHUMAN Be INGS AND EeGIOSS 922. Eight. 924. Dueness. 926. Duty. 928. Respect. 931. Approbation. 933. mattery. 935. Flatterer. 937. Vindication. 939. Probity. [ness. 942. Disinterested- 944. Virtue. 946. Innocence. 948. Good Man. 950. Penitence. 952. Atonement. 958. Temperance. 956. Asceticism. 956. Easting. 958. Sobriety. 960. Purity. 963. Legality. 965. Jurisdiction. 966. Tribunal. 967. Judge. 968. Lawyer. 969. Lawsuit. 970. Acquittal. 973. Reward. 2. Doctrines 3. Sentiments 4. Acts 6. Institutions . 976. Deity. 977. Angel. 979. Jupiter. .981. Heaven. (•983. Theology. (.985. Revelation. (-987. Piety. (-990. Worship. 995. Churchdom. 996. Clergy. 998. Rite. 999. Canonicals. 1000. Temple. 923. Wrong. 925. Undueness. 927. Exemption. 929. Disrespect. 930. Contempt. 932. Disapprobation 934. Detraction. 936. Detractor. 938. Accusation. 940. Improbity. 941. Knave. 943. Selfishness. 945. Vice. 947. Guilt. 949. Bad Man. 951. Impenitence, 954. Intemperance. 957. Ghittony. 959. Drunkenness. 961. Impurity. 962. Libertine. 964. Illegality. 971. Condemnation. 972. Punishment. 974. Penalty. 975. Scourge. 978. Satan. 980. Demon. 982. Hell. 984. Heterodoxy. 986. Pseudo-revcI;ili( 988. Impiety. 989. Irreligion. 991. Idolatry. 992. Sorcery. 993. Spell. 994. Sorcerer. 997. Laity. ABBREVIATIONS. Adj. Adjectives, Participles, and Words having the power of Adjec- tives. Adv. Adverbs, and Adverbial ExpressioM. Ep. Epithets. Int. Interjections. Phr. Phrases. V. Verbfc THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WOEDS AND PHRASES. GLA88 FIB8T. WORDS EXPRESSING ABSTRACT RELATIONS. Section I. EXISTENCE. 1. Being, in the Abstract. L Existence, being, entity, ens, subsistence. Coexistence, 120.* Reality, actuality, positiveness, absoluteness, fact, matter of fact ; see Truth, 494. Phr. The sober reality. Science of existence, Ontology. Existence in space, 186. V. To be, to exist, have being, subsist, live, breathe, stand, obtain, occur, prevail, find one's self. To consist in, lie in. To come into existence, to arise, come out, come forth, appear, 448, to become, 144. To bring into existence, 161. To be the case, to have place. Adj. Existing, being, subsisting, in being, in existence, extant, liv- ing, breathing,obtaining, prevailing, current, prevalent, uridestroyed. Real, actual, positive, absolute, true, 494, substantial, substantive, self-existing, self-existent. 2. Inexistence, non-existence, nonentity, nil, negativeness, nul- lity. Vacuity, 4. Phr. No such thing. Annihilation, abeyance, extinc- tion, see Destruction, 162, and Dis- appearance, 449, Absence, 187. V. Not to be, not to exist, &c. Phr. To have no existence ; to be null and void. To cease to be, pass away, van» ish, fade, dissolve, melt away, per- ish, disappear, 449, to be annihi- lated, extinct, &c., to die, 360. Phr. To be no more ; to " leave not a wreck behind." Adj. Inexistent, non-existent, non-existing, &c., negative, blank. Unreal, potential, virtual, base- less, unsubstantial, 4, imaginary, ideal, vain, supposititious, shadowy. Unborn,, uncreated, unbegotten. Annihilated, destroyed, extinct, * The heavy figures indicate the articles to which the figures in the Index refer; the lighter figures refer to articles containing related words. 47 48 EXISTENCE. IS'ot ideal, unideal, not imagined, unimagined, not supposititious, not potential, virtual. Adc. Actually, really, absolutely, positively, &c., in esse, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, de facto, ipso facto. Phr. In posse. gone, lost, perished, melted, dis- solved, faded, exhausted, vanished, missing, disappeared, departed, de- funct, 360. Absence, 1S7, removal, 185. Ado. Negatively, virtually, &o. PJir. In nubibus. 2. Being, in the Concrete. 3, Substantiality, Jiyposta- sis, thing, something, a Deing, an existence, creature, a body, Bubstance, object, article, matter, material, stuff, 316, substratum, plenum. Totality of existences, see World, 318. Phr. Something or other. Adj. Substantive, substantial, bodily, material, tangible, hypo- Etatic. Adr. Substantially, bodily, &c., essentially. 4. Unsubstantialitt, insub- stantiality, nothingness, nihility, nothing, nought, nil, nullity, zero. Phr. Nothing at all; nothing whatever; nothing on earth j such stuff as dreams are made off; the baseless fabric of a vision. Nobody, 187 ; a desert. A shadow, phantom, phantasm, vision, dream, air, thin air. Void, vacuum, vacuity, vacancy, voidness, vacuousness, inanity, emptiness, hollowness, blank, chasm, gap, hiatus, &c., 19S. Adj. Unsubstantial, void, vacant, vacuous, blank, null, inane, hoiiow, airy, visionary, 515. 3. Formal Existence, Internal conditions. 5. Intrinsicalitt, inbeing, in- herence, inhesion, essence, essen- tialness, essential part, quintes- sence, quiddity, gist, pith, marrow ; incarnation. Nature, constitution, character, quality, 157, crasis, temperament, temper, spirit, humor, grain, en- dowment, capacity, ca])ability, moods, declensions, features, as- ])ects, specialties, pai'tioularities, peculiarities, 79, idiosyncrasy, idi- ocrasy ; diagnostics. A(^. Derived from within ; subjective, intrinsic, intrinsical, inherent, essential, natural, internal, innate, inborn, inbred, in- grained, inherited, immanent, congenital, congenite, connate, ingeiiite, ingenerate, indigenous, in the grain, bred in the bone, iivsliiictive, 221. External conditions. 6. EXTRINSICALITY, extrane- ousness, objectivencss, accident. Adj. Derived from without," ob- jective, extrinsic, extrinsical, extra- neous, modal, adventitious, adsci- titious (or ascititious), incidental, accidental, non-essential, 220. Implanted, ingraflied. Adc. Extrinsically, &c. RELATION — IKEBLATION. 49 Charaae.vistic, peculiar, special, diagnostic, 79. Adv. Intrinsically, &c. 4. Modal Existence. Absolute. 7. State, condition, category, estate, case, constitution, habitude, diathesis, mood, pickle, plight. Fiame, fabric, structure, texture, contexture, 329, conformation. Mode, modality, sohesis, form, shape, figure, cut, cast, mould, stamp, set, fit, tone, tenor, turn, trim, guise, fashion, aspect, com- plexion, style, character. V. To be in a state, condition, &e.; to be on a footing. To fare ; to have, possess, enjoy, &c., a state, condition, &c. To bring into a state, &c., 144. Adj. Conditional, modal, formal, structural, textnral. PJir. As the matter stands; as things are ; such being the case ; that being so. Adv. Conditionally, &c. Relative. 8. Circumstance, situation, phase, position, posture, attitude, place, point, terms, fare, regime, footing, standing, status, predica- ment, contingency, ticcasion, junc- ture, conjuncture, emergence, emer- gency, exigency, crisis, pinch, pass, push. Adj. Circumstantial; given, con- ditional, provisional, critical, con- tingent, incidental, 6, 151. Adv. In, or under the circum- stances, conditions, &o. — Thus, in such a contingency, case, &e., ac- cordingly, being so, such being the ease ; since, sith, seeing that, as matters stand, as things go. Conditionally, provided, if, in case, if so, if so be, if it be so ; if it so happen, or turn out; in the event of; provisionally, unless, without. PJir. According to circumstances ; as it may happen, or turn out ; as the case may be ; pro re nata ; according as the wind blows ; sink or swim ; at all events ; cceteris paribus ; rain or shine. Section II. RELATION. 1. Absolute ^Relation. 9. Relation, bearing, refer- ence, concern, cognation, correla- lion, analogy, affinity, homology, alliance, homogeneity, association, approximation, filiation, affiliation, &c., 166, interest, habitude, link, tie, 45. Relevancy, pertinency, fitness, &c., 23, 646. Aspect, point of view, compari- son, 464. Ratio, proportion. V. To be related, have a relation, &c. ; to relate to, refer to, bear 5 10. Want, or absence of relation. Ireelation, disconnection, in- conneetion, dissociation, misrela- tion, independence, isolation, 44, disproportion. Incommensurabili- ty, irrelevancy. Heterogeneity, irreconcilableness, 24, imperti- nence. V. To have no relation, &o., to ; to have nothing to do witii ; not to concern, &c. To isolate, separate, detach, dis- connect, segregate, 44, 50 E ELATION. Adj. ]iTelative, irrespSttive, un- related, without reference, &c., to ; arbitrary, episodic, remote, om of place, out of tune, 414, mal h pro- pos, irrelevant, foreign to, alien, impertinent, extraneous to, stran- ger to, independent, incidental, outlandish, exotic, unallied, uncon- nected, disconnected, adrift, isolat- ed, insular. Not comparable, incommensu- rable, inapplicable, 24, irreconcila- ble, heterogeneous, 83. Phr. Foreign to the purpose j having nothing to do with ; beside the question ; nothing to the pur- pose, neither here nor there ; be- side the mark ; apropos de bottes: brought in by the head and shoul- ders. Adv. Parenthetically,bythe way, by the by, en passant, incidentally. upon, regard, concern, touch, affect; to have to do with, pertain to, be- long to, appertain to, answer to, interest. To bring into relation with, con- nect, affiliate, link, 43, bring to- gether, bring near, approximate, ] 97 ; to bring to bear upon. Adj. Relative, correlative, cog- nate, relating to, relative to, rele- vant, in relation with, referable (or referrible) to, pertinent, 23 ; be- longing, pertaining, or appertain- ing to. Jielated, connected ; implicated, associated, affiliated, allied to. Approximative, approximating, proportional, proportionate, pro- portionable ; allusive, comparable, &c., 23. Adv. Relativelj', thereof, as to, as for, about, concerning, touching, anent, as relates to, with relation to, relating to ; as respects, with respect to, in respect of, respecting; as regards, with regard to, regard- ing, with reference to, according to, while speaking of, apropos of, in connection with, in as much as, in point of, as far as, on the part of, on the score of, quoad hoc: pertinently, &c. In various ways, in all manner of ways, in all respects ; under the head, category, class, &c., of, 75. 11, Relations of kindred. Consanguinity, relationship, kindred, blood, parentage, filiation, affiliation, lineage, agnation, connection, alliance, family connection, family tie ; see Paternity, 166. A kinsman, kinsfolk, kith and kin, relation, relative,- connection, sib, cousin, brother, sister, &c., &c, ; — a near relation, a distant rela- tion. Family, fraternity, brotherhood, sisterhood, cousinhood, &c. Race, stock, generation, sept, &c. V. To be related to ; to claim relationship with. Adj. Related, akin, germane, consanguineous, family, allied, collat- eral, sib, agnate, fraternal, &c., nearly or closely related ; remotely or distantly related. 12. Double relation, Recipkocalness, reciprocity, mutuality, correlation, correlativeness, interdependence, interchange, reciprocation, &c,, 148, interchangeable- less, 149, barter, 794. DIPFEEENCE. 51 J . fo reciprocate, alternate, interchange, exchange, counterchange. Adj. Reciprocal, mutual, commutual, correlative,;alternate. Interchangeable, international. Phr. Mutatis mutandis : each other. 13. Identity, sameness, coinci- dence, coalescence, convertibility; selfness, self, one's self, number one ; identification ; monotony. V. To be identical; to be the same, &o., to coincide, coalesce. To render the same ; to identify. To recognize the identity of; to identify ; see to compare, 464. Adj. Identical, same, self, very same, self-same, no other, ilk, one and the same, unaltered, coincident, coinciding, coalescing, coalescent, indistinguishable, equivalent, equi- pollent, convertible. Phr. The very thing ; the actual thing: alter ego. Adv. All one, all the same, iden- tically, &c. 14. Non-coincidence. _ CoNTEAElETY, contrast, foil, an- tithesis, contradiction, opposition, oppositeness, antagonism, 179, 708. Inversion, reversion, 218. The opposite, the reverse, in- verse, converse, antipodes, 237, counterpart. Phr. The reverse of the medal ; the other side of the shield ; the tables being turned. V. To be contrary, opposite, &c., to contrast with, contradict, contra- vene, oppose, antagonize, invert, reverse. Adj. Contrary, opposite, coun- ter, converse, reverse, opposed, antipodean, antagonistic, opposing, inconsistent, contradictory, contra- rious, negative. Phr. Differing toto codo ; dia- metrically opposite ; as opposite as black and white ; — as light and darkness ; — as fire and water. Adv. Contrarily, contrariously, contrariwise, per contra, op- positely, vice versa, on the contrary, tout au contraire, quite the contrary ; no such thing. 15. Difference, variance, variation, variety, diversity, modifica- tion, shade of diSerence, nuance; deviation, divergence, divarication, 290, disagreement, 24. Distinction, discrimination, 465, contradistinction. A nice, fine, or subtle distinction. V. To be difierent, &c. ; to differ, vary, ablude, mismatch, contrast. To render difierent, &c., to vary, change, modify, &c., 140. To distinguish, 465 ; to split hairs ; to severalize. Adj. Different, differing, disparate, heterogeneous, varying, distin. guishable, discriminative, varied, modified, diversified, deviating, diverg- ing, devious, disagreeing, 24, various, divers, all manner of, something else, multifarious, multiform, &c., 81. Other, another, not the same, quite another thing, a teitium quid. Unmatched, widely apart, changed, 140, something else. Phr. As different as chalk is from cheese ; this, that, or the other ; to differ toto ccelo. Adv. Differently, variously, &c., otherwise. 52 RELATION. 2. Continuous Relation, 16. Unipoemitt, homogeneity, Absence or want of uniformity, consistency, conformity, 82, con- 83. naturality, connaturalness ; homol- ogy, accordance, see Agreement, 23, and Regularity, 80. V. To be uniform, &c., to accord with ; to harmonize with. To become uniform, to conform to ; to fall in with. To render uniform, to assimilate, level, smooth, &c., 255. Adj. Uniform, homogeneous, homologous, of a piece, cor-sis- ttnt, connatural. Adv. Uniformly, uniformly with, conformably, consistently with, in unison with, in harmony with, in conformity with, ac- cording to, 23. 3. Partial JRelation. 17, Similarity, resemblance, likeness, similitude, affinity, sem- blance, approximation, parallelism, 216, analogy, analogioalness, con- naturalness, connaturality, brother- hood, family likeness ; alliteration, repetition, 104. An analogue, the like, match, pendant, fellow, pair, mate, twin, double, parallel, counterpart, bro- ther, sister ; simile, metaphor, 521. Phr. One's second self ; Arcades artibo ; birds of a feather : et hoc genus omne. V. To be similar, like, resem- bling, &c. ; to resemble, bear re- semblance, approximate, parallel, match, imitate, 19, represent, sim- ulate, personate. To render similar, assimilate, approximate, connaturalize, bring near, &c. Adj. Similai', like, alike, resembling, twin, analogous, analo- gical, parallel, allied to, akin to, of a piece, such as, connatural, congener, matching. Near, something like, such like, a show of, mock, pseudo, sim- ulating, representing, approximating. Exact, accurate, true, faithful, close, speaking. Plir. True to nature ; to the life ; the very image ; the pic- ture of; for all the world like j as like as two peas ; comme deux goultes d'eau ; as like as it can stare ; ex uno disce omnes ; insiar omnium ; par nohile fratrum ; cast in the same mould ; a chip of the old block. Adv. As if, so to speak, as it were, quasi, as if it were ; just as. 18. DissiMlLABiTY, unlikeness, dissimilitude, diversity ; novelty, 123, originality, 515. r. To be unlike, &c., to vary, 20, to ablude. To render unlike, to diversify, vary, &c. Phr. To strike out something new. Adj. Dissimilar, unlike, dispa- rate, of a different kind, class, &c., 75 ; diversified, novel, new, un- matched, 123. Phr. Nothing of the kind ; fat from it ; cast in a different mould ; as like a dock as a daisy; "very like a whale." AGKEEMENT — DISAGEEEMENT. 53 20, Non-Imitation. Adj. Unimitated, uncopied, un- matched, unparalleled, inimitable, 648. Vaeiation, alteration, modifica- tion, see Diflference, 15, Change, 140, Deviation, 279, Divergence, 291 ; moods and tenses. V. To varj', modify, diversify, change, &c., 140. Ph: To steer clear of. Adj. Varied, modified, diversi- fied, &c. Adv. Variously, in all manner o/ wavs. 19. Imitation, assimilation, copying, transcribing, transcrip- tion, repetition, 104, duplication, reduplication, quotation, reproduc- tion. Mockery, mocking, mimicry, echoing, simulation, counterfeiting, acting, personation, representation, paraphrase, parody, travestie, sem- blance. Result of imitation, see Copy, 21. An imitator, echo, cuckoo, par- rot, ape, monkey, mocking bird. Phr. imitatores, servumpecus! V. To imitate, copy, repeat, 104, do like, echo, re-echo, transcribe, match, parallel, emulate. Phr. To take or catch a likeness; to take off, hit off, to model after, 554, to reflect. To mock, mimic, ape, simulate, personate,-554, act, represent, adumbrate, counterfeit, parody, travesty, caricature, burlesque. Phr. To take after ; to follow, or tread in the steps, or foot- steps of; to follow in the wake of; to follow the footsteps; to walk in the shoes of; to take a leaf out of another's book ; to strike in with ; to follow suit ; to go with the stream. Adj. Imitated, copied, matched, repeated, paralleled, mimic, parodied, &c., modelled after, moulded on. Paraphrastic, imitative, second-hand, imitable. Adv. Literally, verbatim, literatim, sic, totidem, verbis, word for word, mot a mot, 562. 21, Result of imitation. Copy, fac-simile, counterpart, ef- figies, form, likeness, similitude, semblance, cast, reflex, 17, ectype, imitation, representation, daguer- reotype, 554, adumbration. Duplicate, transcript, re|)etition, 104, rechauffe, reflection, shadow. Phr. A second edition ; a twice- told tale ; a chip of the old block. Rough copy, roughc ast, dbauche, draft (or draught), proof, hrouillon, reprint, apograph. Counterfeit, parody, caricature, burlesque, travestie, paraphrase. 4. General Melatlon. 22. Thing copied. Prototype, original, model, pattern, scantling, type, archetype, protoplast, antitype, module, exem- plar, example, ensample, paradigm, fugleman, lay-figure. Text, copy, design ; key-note. Mould, matrix, last, plasm, pro- plasm', mint. 23. Agreement, accord, ac- cordance, unison, harmony, union, concord, concert, concordance, 714, cognation, conformitv, consonance, '5* 24. Disagreement, discord, discordance, dissonance, dissidence, discrepancy, unconformity, dlsoon- formity, non-conformity, incongru- 54 EELATION. consentaneousness, consistencj', congruity, congruence, congenial- ity, correr.pondence, ]jarallelism. Fitness, pertinence, suitableness, adaptation, sortance, meetness, pat- ness, relevancy, aptitude, coapta- tion, propriety, appositeness, recon- cilableness, applicability, applica- bleness, admissibility, commensu- rability, compatibility. Adaptation, adjustment, gradua- tion, accommodation, reconcilia- tion, reconcilement. V. To be accordant, to agree, accordr correspond, tally, respond, harmonize, meet, suit, fit, fall in witb, chime in with, square with, quadrate with, comport with, dove- tail, assimilate, unite with. Phr. To fit like a glove. To render accordant ; to fit, suit, adapt, accommodate, adjust, har- monize, reconcile, fadge, dovetail, square, regulate, accord, comport, graduate. Adj. Agreeing, accordant, con- cordant, consonant, congruous, con- sentaneous, corres])onding, corre- spondent, congenial, harmonizing, harmonious with, tallying with, conformable with, in accordance with, in harmony with, in unison with, in keeping with, squaring with, falling in with, of a piece, consistent with, compatible, recon- cilable with, commensurate. Apt, apposite, pertinent, ger- mane, pat, to the purpose, to the point, ad rem, in point, bearing upon, en rapport, 9; applicable, relevant, fit, fitting, suitable, prcjp- er, meet, a propos, appropriate, suiting, befitting, seasonable, in loco, sortable, deft, accommodat- ing. Phr. Whom the cap may fit ; at home; in one's proper element; just the thing ; the very thing ; quite the thing ; rem acu tetigisti. ity, incongruence, mesalliance, diu- congruity, jarring, clashing, jos- tling, 713, inconsistency, disparity, mismatch, disproportion, dispro- portionateness, variance. Phr. Concordia discors. Unfitness, repugnance, unsuita- bleness, unaptness, inaptitude, in- aptness, impropriety, inapplica- bility, inadmissibility, irreconcila- bleness, incommensurability, in. concinity, incompatibility, inter- ference, intrusion ; see Irrelation, 10. V. To disagree, belie, clash, jar, oppose, 708, interfere, jostle, 713, intrude. Phr. To have no business there ; to biing, brag, or lug in, head aud shoulders ; out of its element. A^. Disagreeing, discordant, discrepant, at variance, jarring, clashing:, repugnant, incompatible, irreconcilable, inconsistent with, unconformable, incongruous, dis- proportionate, disproportioned, un- proportioned, unharmonious, mis- matched, misjoined, unconsonant, unconformable, incommensurable, divergent, 291. Unapt, inappropriate, improper, unsuited, unsuitable, inapt, inappo- site, inapplicable, irrelevant, not pertinent, impertinent, ill-timed, intrusive, clumsy, unfit, unfitting, unbefitting, unbecoming, mal a propos, forced, unseasonable, far- fetched, inadmissible, uncongenial, ill-assorted, ill-sorted, 1-epugnant to, unaccommodating, irreducible. Phr. Out of character; out of keeping ; out of tune ; out of place ; out of season ; at odds ; a fish out of water; on all fours; neither here nor there. — " Huma- no capiti cervicem picior equinam jungere," &c. Adj. At variance with, in defi- ance of, in contempt of, in spite of. QUANTITY — DEGEEE. 55 Section III. QUANTITY. 1. Simple Quantity 35. Absolute quantity. Quantity, magnitude, 192, am- plitude, mass, air.ount, quantum, measure, substance. Science of quantity ; Mathemat- ics. Definite, or finite quantity; hand- ful, mouthful, &c., stock, batch, lot. Adj. Quantitative. Phr. To the tune of. 26. Relative quantity. Degree, grade, extent, meas- ure, ratio, stint, standard, height, pitch, reach, amplitude, range, scope, gradation, shade, tenor, com- pass, sphere, rank, standing, rate, way, sort. Point, mark, stage, step, posi- tion, peg ; term, 71, gradation. Intensity, might, fulness, see Conversion, 144, and Limit, 233. Adj. Comparative, gradual, shad- ing off. Adv. By degrees, gradually, inasmuch, pro tanio, however, howsoever, step by step, bit by bit, little by little, by inches, inch by inch, by slow degrees, by little and little. 2. Comparative Quantity. 27. Sameness of quantity or degree. Equality, parity, co-extension, evenness, level, balance, poise. Equivalence, equipollence, equi- poise, equilibrium, equiponderance, par, quits, tie. Equalization, equation, equili- bration, co-ordination, adjustment. A drawn game or battle. A match, peer, compeer, equal, mate, fellow, brother, &c., 17, a make-weight. V. To be equal, &c. ; to equal, match, come up to, keep pace with, come to, amount to ; be or lie on a level with, to balance, to cope with. To render equal, equalize, level, balance, equate, trim, adjust, poise ; to strike a balance, to establish or restore equality, to readjust. Phr. To stretch on the bed of Procrustes ; to come to the same thing. AdJ, Equal, even, level, co- 28. Difference of quantity or degree. Inequality, disparity, imparity, odds, difference, 15, unevenness. Preponderance, preponderation, inclination of the balance, advan- tage, prevalence, partiality. Superiority, 33 ; a casting weight. Shortcoming, 304. V. To be unequal, &c., to pre- ponderate, outweigh, outbalance, overbalance, prevail, countervail, predominate, overmatch, 33. Phr. To have or give the advan- tage ; to turn the scale ; to kick the beam ; to topple over. To fall short of, to wantj 304, not to come up to, 34. Adj. Unequal, uneven, disparate, partial, unbalanced, overbalanced, top-heavy, lop-sided, preponderat- ing, prevailing, &e. Phr. More than a match forj above par ; below par. Adv. Ilaud passibus cequii. 56 QUANTITY. equal, co-oidinate, on a par with, on a level with, up to the mark. Equivalent, tantamount, convertible, much at one, as broad as *ng, as good as, equipollent, equiponderant, equiponderous. llendered equal, equalized, equated, drawn, poised, levelled, balanced, equibalanced, trimmed, &o. Adv. Fari passu, equally, &c., ad eundem, cceteris paribus. 29. Mean, medium, intermedium, average, balance, middle, 68, the golden mean, juste milieu, oQiaiov fieTQav. Neutrality, middle course, 628. V. To split the difference, take the average, reduce to a mean, strike a balance ; to pair off. Adj. Mean, intermediate, middle, average. Adv. On an average ; in the long run ; half way ; taking the one with the other ; taking all things together ; taking all in all. One year with another ; communibus annis. 30. Compensation, equation, ballast, indemnification, neutraliza- tion, counteraction. Phr. Measure for measure. A set-off, offset, make-weight, casting weight, counterpoise, amends, equivalent, a quid pro quo. Bee Counteraction, 179, Recoil, 277, Atonement, 952. V. To compensate, compense, indemnify, countervail, counterpoise, balance, out-balance, over-balance, counter-balance, 'set-off, hedge, make up for, cover, fill up, redeem, make amends, neutralize, 27. Plir. To make good ; to split the difference. Adj. Compensating, compensatory,- countervailing, &c., in thfe op- posite scale ; equipollent, 27. Phr. As broad as it's long ; it is an ill wind that blows nobody good. QUANTITY BT COMPARISON WITH A STANDARD. 31. Greatness, largeness, mag- nitude, size, 192, fulness, vastness, immensity, enormity, infinity, 105, intensity, 26, importance, 642. A large quantity, deal, power, world, mass, heap, 72, pile, sight, peck, bushel, load, cart-load, car- go, ship-load, flood or spring-tide, abundance, 639, wholesale, store, 636. The greater part, 52. V. To be great, &c., run high, soar, tower, transcend; rise, or carry to a great height, &o., 305. Phr. To know no bounds. Adj. Great, large, considerable, above par, big, huge, ample, full. 32. Smallness, littleness, mi- nuteness, 193, tenuity, scantness, scantiness, slenderness, meanness, mediocrity. Insignificance, 643. A small quantity, modicum, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, jot, iota, dot, speck, ace, minutice, thought, idea, soupfon, whit, tittle, shade, shadow, touch, cast, grain, scruple, spice, drop, sprinkling, dash, smack, scantling, scantlet, dole, scrap, mite, bit, morsel, crumb, shaving, trifle, thimbleful, spoonful, handful, mouthful, 51. Finiteness, a finite quantity. Phr. The shadow of a shade ; a drop in the bucket, or in the ocean. GEEATNESS — SMALLNESS. 57 Baturated, plenai-y, deep, signal, extensive, sound, passing, goodly, heavy, precious, mighty, 157, sad, arrant, downright, utter, utter- most, crass, gross, arch, consum- mate, rank, thorough-paced, thor- ough-going, sovereign, unparal- leled, matchless, extraordinary, un- approached. Vast, immense, enormous, inor- dinate, excessive, extravagant, ex- orbitant, outrageous, preposterous, unconscionable, swinging, mon- strous, over-grown, towering, stu- pendous, prodigious, astonishing, 870, incredible, marvellous, tran- scendent, incomparable, tremen- dous. Indefinite, boundless, unbound- ed, unlimited, incalculable, illimited, illimitable, immeasurable, infinite, 105, unapproachable, unutterable, unspeakable, inexpressible, beyond ex])ression. Undiminished, unabated, unre- duced, unrestricted. Absolute, positive, stark, decided, unequivocal, serious, essential, per- fect, finished, abundant, 639. Adv. In a great degree ; much, muckle, well, considerably, greatly, very, very much, a deal, not a lit- tle, pretty, pretty well, enough, richly, largely, to a large or great extent, on a large scale, mainly, ever so, ever so much, insomuch, all lengths, wholesale, in all con- science. In a positive degree ; truly, 494, positively, verily, really, indeed, actually, in fact, fairly, assuredly, decidedly, unequivocally, purely, absolutely, seriously, essentially, fundamentally, radically, down- right. In a comparative degree ; com- paratively, pro ianto, as gqod as ; to say the least of, above all, most; pre-eminently, of all things. In a complete degree ; altogether, V. To lie small, &c., to run low, diminish, shrink, dwindle, &c., 195. Fhr. To lie in a nutshell. Adj. Small, little, inconsidera- ble, diminutive, minute, 193, tinj', puny, petty, sorry, miserable, wretched, paltry, 643, weak, 160, slender, feeble, faint, slight, trivial, scanty, light, trifling, moderate, low, mean, mediocre, passable, pass- ing, sparing. Below par, below the mark, un- der the mark, at a low ebb, imper- fect, 651. Inappreciable, evanescent, infin- itesimal, homoeopathic, atomic. Mere, simple, sheer, stark, bare. Adv. In a small degree ; on a small scale ; something, somewhat, next to nothing, little, inconsider- ably, slightly, so-so, minutely, faintly, feebly, lightly, imperfectly, perceptibly, moderately, scantily, shabbily, miserably, wretchedly, sparingly, tolerably, passing, pass- ably, weakly, pretty well, well enough, slenderly, modestly. In a limited degree ; partially, in part ; in a certain degree, to a cer- tain degree -or extent, some, some- what, rather, in some degree, in some measure, something, simply, purely, merely, in a manner, at the most, at least, at the least, at most, ever so little, as little as may be, iant soil pen, next to nothing, in ever so small a degree : — thus far ; pro tanto. Almost, nearly, well nigh, near run, short of, not quite, all but, scarcely, hajdly, barely, pev, s'en faut, near the mark, within an ace of. In an uncertain degree ; about, thereabouts, somewhere about, nearly. la no degree ; noways, not at all, not in the least, not a bit, not a bit of it, not a whit, not a jot, 58 QITANTITY. by no means, nowise, in nowise, in no respect, by no manner of means, on no account, at no hand. In a greater degree ; even, yea, a fortiori, still more. quite, entirelj . wholly, totally, in toto, toto ccelo, utterly, thoroughly, out and out, completely, outright, clean, to the full, in every respect, in all respects, sous tous les rap- ports, on all accounts, nicely, per- fectly, fully, amply, richly, whole- sale, abundantly, consummately, widely, as .... as ... . can be, every inch, d fonds, defond en comhle, far and wide, over head and ears, to the back bone, ne plus idtra. In a high degree ; highly, deeply, strongly, mighty, mightily, powerfully, 157 ; with a witness ; with a vengeance ; profoundly, superlatively, ultra, in the extreme, extremely, exceedingly, ex- cessively, intensely, exquisitely, acutely, soundly, vastly, hugely, immensely, enormously, stupendously, surpassing, supremelj', be- yond measure, immoderately, monstrously, inordinately, extra- ordinarily, exorbitantly, indefinitely, immeasurably, unspeakably, inexpressibly, ineffably, unutterably, incalculably, infinitely. In a marked degree ; particularly, remarkably, singularly, un- commonly, unusually, peculiarly, notably, par excellence, signally, famously, egregiously, prominently, glaringly, emphatically, xar' E^oxrjp, strangely, wonderfully, amazingly, surprisingly, astonish- ingly, incredibly, marvellously, awfully, stupendously. In a violent degree ; severely, violently, furiously, desperately, tremendously, outrageously, extravagantly, confoundedly, deu- cedly, devilishly, with a vengeance, a toute outrance: 173. In a painful degree ; painfully, sadly, grossly, sorely, bittei'ly, grievously, miserably, cruelly, wofuUy, lamentably, shockingly, frightfully, dreadfully, fearfully, terribly, horribly. QUANTITY ST COMPAUISON WITH A SIMILAR OBJECT. 33. SuPERlOKlTY, majority, su- premacy, pre-eminence, advantage, vantage ground, excess, 641. Maximum, acme, climax, zenith, summit, utmost height, culminating point, 210, the height of. Phr. The neplus ultra. V. To be superior, &e. ; to ex- ceed, excel, eclipse, outweigh, pass, surjpass, overpass, top, overtop, o'ertop, cap, beat, cut out, override, out-Herod, outbalance, overbal- ance, 30, o^erweigh; to render larger, 194. Fhr. To have the advantage ; to turn the scale ; to kick the beam ; to beat hollow ; to come to a head. 34. Infebiokity, minority, sub- ordinacy, shortcoming, 304. Minimum, scintilla. V. To be less, inferior, &c. ; to fall, or come short of; not to pass, 304. To become smaller, to render smaller, 195. Phr. To hide its diminished head ; to throw into the shade. Adv. Inferior, smaller, minor, less, lesser, lower, subordinate, sub- altern ; second rate ; second best. Least, smallest, minutest, &o., 193 ; lowest. Phr. Weighed in the balance and found wantiiig. ADDITION — NON-ADDITION — SUBDUCTION. 59 Adv. Less ; under or below the mark ; below par ; at the bottom of the scale ; at a low ebb, short of. At a disadvantage. Adj. Superior, greater, major, higher, exceeding, excelling, pass- ing, surpassing, ultra, vaulting, transcending, unequalled, 648. Supreme, greatest, utmost, para- mount, pre-eminent, culminating, superlative, thumping, topmost, highest, first-rate. Phr. Facile princeps : a Triton among the minnows. Adv. Beyond ; more, over, over or above the mark ; above par, over and above ; at the top of the scale j at its height. In a superior degree ; eminently, egregiously, pre-eminently, prominently, superlatively, supremely, above all, principally, es- peciall}', particularly, peculiarly, &c. ; par excellence. CnAirOES IN QUANTITY. 33. Incbease, augmentation, en- largement, extension, dilatation, 194, increment, accretion, devel- opment, growth, swell, swelling, aggrandizement, aggravation, rise, exacerbation, spread, diffusion, 73, flood tide, accession, 37. V. To increase, augment, en- large, amplify, extend, dilate, swell, expand, grow, stretch, shoot up, rise, run up, sprout, advance, spread, aggrandize, add, raise, heighten, strengthen, exalt, en- hance, magnify, redouble, aggra- vate, exaggerate, exasperate, ex- acerbate. Fhr. To add fuel to the flame ; oleum addere camino. Adj. Increased, augmented, en- larged, bloated, &o.; undiminished. Adv. Crescendo. 36. Non-increase. DECREASE,diminution, lessening reduction, abatement, bating, de- clension, falling o9', dwindling, con- traction, 195, shrinking, attenu- ation, extenuation, abridgment, curtailment, 201, coarctation, nar- rowing. Subsidence, wane, ebb, decre- ment. V. To decrease, diminish, lessen, dwindle, shrink, contract, shrivel, fall off, fall away, waste, wear, wane, ebb, decline, subside, fritter away. To abridge, reduce, curtail, cut down, pare down, cut short, dock, &c., 201, bate, abate, dequantit'ate, extenuate, lower, weaken, dwarf; to mitigate, &c , 174. Fhr. To hide its diminished head. Adj. Unincreased, decreased, di- minished, lessened, &c., shorn, short by ; decreasing, on the wane. 3. Conjunctive Quantity. 37. Addition, annexation, ad- jection, superposition, superaddi- tion, subji-stion, accession, super- foetation, supplement, accompani- ment, 88, sprinkling, spargefac- tiou. 38. Non-addition, Subdco- TION, subtraction, deduction, de- dueeraent, retrenchment, removal, ablation, curtailment, &c., 36, gar- bling, mutilation, truncation, ab- 60 QUANTITY. V. To add, annex, affix, super- add, subjoin, superpose, clap on, tack to, append, saddle on, tag, in- graft, saddle with, sprinkle. To become added, to accrue, advene. Phr. To swell the ranks of. Adj. Added, annexed, &c., addi- tional, supplementary, suppletory, subjoined, subjunctive, adjectitious, adscititious (or aseititious), addi- tive, accessory. Adv. In addilion, more, plus, extra. And, also, likewise, too, further- more, item, and also, and eke, else. scission, excision, amputation, de- truncation, sublation, 789. V. To subduct, deduct, subtract, bate, retrench, remove, withdraw, detract, deduce, take away, deprive of, curtail, &c., 36, garble, trun- cate, mutilate, amputate, cut off, cut out, dock, lop, pririe, pare, clip, thin, shear, decimate, geld; to abrade, &c , 330. Adj. Subtracted, deducted, &c. ; subtractive. Adv. In deduction, &c., less, mi- nus, without, except, excepting, with the exception of, barring, save, exclusive of, save and except, 83. besides, to boot, et ccetera, and so forth, into the bargain, cam multis aliis,o\er and above, moreover. With, together with, withal, along with, including, inclusive, as well as ; not to mention ; conjointly, 43. 39. Thing added. Adjunct, additament, addition, additum, affix, appendage, suffix, augment, increment, augmentation, accessory, item, garnish, sauce, sup- plement, accompaniment, adjective, addendum, complement, corollary, continuation. Sequel, postscript, codicil, rider, heel-piece, tag, skirt, flap, lappet, trappings, tail, queue, train, suite, cortege, accompaniment, 88. Phr. More last words. 40. Thing remaining. Remainder, residue, remams, remnant, the rest, relic, leavings, heel-tap, odds and ends, cheese- parings, candle-ends, off-scourings, orts. Besiduum, caput moriuum, dregs, refuse, dross, scum, recrement, 653, ashes, cinders, slag, sediment, silt, alluvium, stubble ; slough, exuvice, result, educt. Surplus, overplus, surplusage, superfluity, excess, 641, balance, complement, fag-end; ruins, wreck. V. To remain, be left, be left be- hind, to exceed, to survive. Adj. Remaining, left, left behind, residual, residuary, out- standing, cast off, odd, unconsUmed, surviving, outlying. Superfluous, over and above, exceeding, redundant, supernu- merary. 41. Forming a whole without coherence. Mixture, admixture, commix- ture, admixtion, commixion, com- mixtion, mixtion, intermixture, al- loyage, matrimony. Impregnation, infusion, diffusion, suffusion, infiltration, interspersion, transfusion, seasoning, sprinkling. 42. Freedom from mixture. Si.MPLENESs, singleness, purity, clearness, homogeneity. Purification, 652, elimination, sifting, winnowing. V. To render simple, simplify, sift, winnow, eliminate ; to sepa- rate, disjoin, 44. To purify, 652. JUNCTION — DISJUNCTION. 61 Adj. Simple, uniform, of a piece, homogeneous, single, pure, clear, sheer, neat, elementary. Unmixed, unmingled, untinged, unblended, uncombined, uncom- pounded, undecomposed, unadul- terated, unsophisticated. Free from, exempt from, exclu- sive. interlarding, interpolation, interpo- sition, 228, intrusion. Adultera- tion, sophistication. _ Thing mixed. A touch, spice, tinge, tincture, dash, smack, sprin- kling, seasoning, infusion, &c., soupfon. Compound resulting from mix- ture. Alloy, amalgam, magna, half and half, m-dange, iertium quid, miscellany, ambigu, medley, pasticcio, patchwork, odds and ends : farrago, jumble, 59, mess, salad, sauce, hash, hodgepodge, (hodgepotoh or hotchpot), mash, mishmash, omnium gatherum, gallimaufry, olla podrida, olio, salmagundi, pot-pourri, Noah's ark, caldron, marquetry, mosaic, 440. F?ir. A mingled yarn. V. To mix, commix, immix, intermix, mingle, commingle, in- termingle, bemingle, shuffle together, hash up, huddle together, deal, pound together, stir up, knead, brew, jumble, 59 ; to im- pregnate -with ; to interlard, intersperse, interpolate, 228. To be mixed, to get among, to be entangled with. To instil, imbue, infuse, infiltrate, dash, tinge, tincture, season, sprinkle, besprinkle, suffuse, transfuse, attemper, medicate, blend, alloy, amalgamate,- compound, 48, adulterate, sophisticate. Adj. Mixed, mingled, interwoven, intermixed, &c. ; implex, composite, mixed up with, half and half, linsey-woolsey, hybrid, mongrel, heterogeneous ; miscible. Adv. Among, amongst, amid, amidst, with, in the midst of, in the crowd. 43. Junction, joining, union, connection, connecting,conjunction, conjugation, annexion, annexation, annexment, attachment, compagi- nation, astriction, alligation, fasten- ing, linking, coupling, matrimony, 903, grafting, infibulation ; inos- culation, anastomosis, confluence, association, 72, communication, approach, 197. Joint, joining, juncture, pivot, hinge, articulation, commissure, seam, stitch, suture, meeting, re- union, mortise. Closeness, firmness, tightness, compactness. F. To join, conjoin, unite, con- nect, associate, put together, em- body, re-embody, hold together. 44. Disjunction, discour.ec- tion, disunity, disunion, disass<,cia- tion, disengagement, iiiconnection, abstractedness, isolation, insular- ity, separateness, severalness, sev- erality. Separation, parting, detachment, divorce, sejunction, seposition, seg- regation, insulation, ramification, diduction, discerption, elision, cae- sura, division, subdivision, break, fracture, rupture, dismemberment, disintegration, dislooatioij, luxa- tion, severance, disseverance, sev- ering, scission, rescission, abscis- sion, laceration, dilaceration, wrenching, disruption, avulsion, divulsion, tearing asunder, section, cutting, resection, cleavage, fissure, 62 QUANTITY. pack, fix together, attach, afiRx, saddle on, fasten, bind, secure, make fast, tie. pinion, string, strap, sew, lace, stitch, tack, knit, button, buckle, hitch, lash, truss, bandage, braid, splice, swathe, gird, tether, picket, harness ; to bridge over. Chain, enchain, shackle, pinion, manacle, handcufif, lock, latch, be- lay, brace, hook, clap together, leash, couple, link, yoke, bracket, hang together, pin, nail, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp, screw, riret, impact, wedge, rabbet, mortise, jam, dovetail, enchase, ingraft, interlink, inosculate, entwine, interlace, in- tertwine, intertwist, interweave. To be joined, &-c., to hang or hold together. Adj. Joined, conjoined, coupled, &c., bound up together, conjunct, corporate, compact. tlir. Rolled into one. Firm, fast, close, tight, secure, set, impacted, jammed, locked, &c., interrolved, inseparable, indissolu- ble, insecable, inseverable. Ado. Conjointly, jointly, &c. With, along with, together with, in conjunction with, 37. Fast, firmly, closely, &c. breach, rent, split, crack, slit, dis- persion, 73, incision, dissectioa anatomy. K To be disjoined, separated, &c., to come ofi', to fall off, fall to pieces. To disjoin, disconnect, disem- body, disunite, part, dispai't, de- tach, separate, cut off, rescind, segregate, set apart, dispair, dis- sociate, isolate, disengage, liberate, loose, break, rupture, shatter, crush, set free, unloose, unfasten, untie, unbind, disband, unfix, un- lace, unclasp, undo, unbuckle, un- chain, unfetter, untack, unharness, ungird, unpack, unbolt, unlatch, unlock, unlink, uncouple, unpin, unclinch, unscrew, unhook, unrivet, untwist, unshackle, unyoke, unsol- der, unknit, unravel, disentangle, unglue. Sunder, divide, subdivide, sever, dissever, abscind, cut, incide, in- cise, snip, nib, cleave, rive, rend, slit, split, splinter, chip, crack, snap, rend ; break or tear asunder, shiver, craunch, chop, cut up, rip up, hack, hew, slash, whittle, hag- gle, hackle, discind, tear, lacerate, mangle, mince, gash, hash. Dissect, anatomize j taie, pull, or pick to pieces ; tear to tatters ; tear piecemeal, divellicate, disin- tegrate ; dismember, disbranch, dislocate", disjoint, mince, break up, craunch, gride : to comminute, 330. Adj. Disjoined, disconnected, disjointed, &c., multipartite; ab- stract, disjunctive, isolated, insular, separate, discrete, apart, asunder, loose, fiee, liberated, disengaged, unattached, unan- nexed, distinct, unassociated, adrift, straggling, dispersed, dis- banded, segregated. Cut off, rescinded, &c., lift, reft. Capable of being cut, scissile. Adv. Separately, one by one, severally, &c., apart, adrift ; in the abstract, abstractedly. 45. Connecting medium. Vinculum, link, connective, copula, intermedium, hyphen, bridge, ttepping-stone, isthmus. COMBINATION — DECOMPOSITION. 63 Bond, filament, fibre, 205, hair, cordage, cord, thread, strinjf, pack- thread, twine, twist, whipcord, tape, line, ribbon, rope, cable, hawser, wire, chain. Fastening, tie, ligament, ligature, strap, tackle, rigging, traces, har- ness, yoke, band, brace, bandage, roller, fillet, thong, braid, girder, girth, cestus, garter, halter, noose, lasso, surcingle, knot, running-knot. Pin, corking-pin, nail, brad, tack, skewer, staple, clamp, bracket, cramp, screw, button, buckle, clasp, hasp, hinge, hank, catch, latch, latchet, tag, hook, tooth, hook and eye, lock, holdfast, padlock, rivet, grappling-iron, trennel, stake, post, gyve, shackle, &c., 752. Cement, glue, gum, paste, size, solder, lute, putty, bird-lime, mortar, Btucco, plaster, grout. 46. Coherence, cohesion, ad- herence, adhesion, concretion, ac- cretion, agglutination, conglutina- tion, aggregation, consolidation, set; cementation, soldering, welding. Sticking, clinging, adhesiveness, stickiness, gumminess, gummosi- ty, glutinousness, glutinosity, cohe- siveness, density, 321, inseparabil- ity, inseparableness. Clot, concrete, cake, curd, lump, solid, conglomerate, 321. V. To cohere, adhere, stick,cling, cleave, hold, take hold of, hold fast, hug ; grow, or hang together, twine round. To concrete, curdle, cake. Phr. To stick like a leech ; to stick like wax ; to cling like ivy ; to cling like a bur ; to adhere like a remora. To glue, agglutinate, conglutinate, consolidate, solidify, 321, cement, lute, ]Daste, gum, glue, solder, weld. JdJ. Cohesive, adhesive, cohering, &c. Sticky, glutinous, gluey, gummy, viscous, 352. United, unseparated, sessile, inseparable, infrangible, 321. 47. Want of adhesion, non- adhesion, immiscibility. Incoherence, looseness, laxity, slackness, relaxation, freedom. Phr. A rope of sand; disjecta membra. V. To loosen, slacken, relax, un- glue, unsolder, &c., detach, untwist, unravel, unroll, &c., 44, 313. To comminute, &c., 330. Adj. Incoherent, detached, non- adhesive, loose, slack, lax, relaxed. Segregated, fiapping, streaming, dishevelled, unincorporated, un- consolidated, uncombined, &c., like grains of sand. 48. Combination, union, syn- thesis, incorporation, amalgama- tion, coalescence, crasis, fusion, blending, absorption, centraliza- tion. Compound, amalgam, impregna- tion. V. To combine, unite, incorpo- rate, amalgamate, embody, absorb, re-embody, blend, merge, fuse, melt into one, consolidate, coalesce, centralize ; to impregnate, to put together, to lump together. 49. Decomposition, analysis, resolution, catalysis, dissolution, corruption. V. To decompose, analyze, de- compound, I'esolve, take to pieces, separate into its elements, dissect, unravel, &c., break up. Adj. Decomposed, &c. Catalytic. A^. Combined, &c., impregnated with, ingrained. oi QUANTITY. 4. Concrete Quantity. 50. Whole, totality, integrity, totaliiess, entireness, entirety, en- femble, collectiveness, individuali- ty, unity, 87, indivisibility, indis- cerptibility, indissolvableness, in- tegration. All, the whole, total, aggre- gate, integer, gross, amount, sum, sum total, tout ensemble, root and branch, head and shoulders, neck and heels, trunk, hull, skeleton, hulk, lump, heap, 72. The principal part, bulk, mass, tissue, staple, body, compages, the main, the greater part, major part, essential part, best part, the mar- row, soul, pith, nucleus, 642. Any part, aught. Component part, 56. Phr. The lion's share ; Benja- min's mess ; the alpha and omega ; totus teres atque rotundus. V. To form, or constitute a whole, to integrate, embody, aggregate, amass, 72 ; to amount to, come to. Adj. Whole, total, integral, en- tire, one, unbroken, uncut, undi- vided, seamless, individual, unsev- ered, undipped, uncropped, un- shorn, undiminished, undemolish- ed, undissolved, unbruised, unde- stroyed, indivisible, indissoluble, indissolvable, indiscerptible. Wholesale, sweeping. Adv. Wholly, altogether, totally, entirely, all, all in all, wholesale, in the mass, en masse, in the lump, on the whole, in toto, bodily, en bloc, in the gross, in extenso, to the full, throughout, every inch, in the long run, in the main. Phr. The long and the short ; nearly, or almost all ; head and shoulders ; neck and heels ; from end to end ; from beginning to end J from first to last ; from head to foot ; from top to toe; fore and aft. 51. Part, pertion, item, divis. ion, subdivision, section, chapter, verse, sector, segment, fraction, fragment, frustum, detachment, piece, bit, scrap, whit, aught, mor- sel, mouthful, scantling, cantle, cantlet, slip, crumb, fritler, rag, tag, shred, shive, tatter, splinter, snatch, flitter, cut, cutting, snip, snick, coUop, slice, chip, chipping, shiver, sliver, driblet, clipping, paring, shaving, debris, odds and ends, oddments, detritus, scale, lamina, 204, excerpta, shadow. Part and parcel, share, instal- ment, contingent, dividend, dose, particular, article, chapter, clause, count, paragraph, ward. Member, hmb, lobe, lobule, arm, branch, bough, joint, link, ramifi- cation, twig, bush, spray, sprig, leaf, leaflet, stump. V. To part, divide, subdivide, break, &c., 44 ; to partition, par- cel out, portion, apportion, 786. Adj. Part, fractional, fragmen- tary, lobular, sectional, aliquot, di- vided, multifid, partitioned, &c. ; isomeric. Adv. Partly, in part, partially, piecemeal, in detail, part by part, by driblets, bit by bit, by inches j inch by inch ; foot by foot ; drop by drop ; in lots. 52, Completeness, entirety, fulness, completion, 729, perfec- tion, 650, solidity, filling up, inte- gration, absoluteness : all. Complement, supplement, 39. 53. Incompleteness, deficien- cy, defectiveness, defalcation, fail- ure, imperfection, 651, hollowness. Part wanting, defect, deficit, caret. ORDER — DISORDER. 65 V. To be complete, &c. To render complete, or whole ; to complete, perfect, finish, 67 ; malje up, fill up, rejilenish, make good, piece out, eke out. Phr. To give the last finish ; sup- ply deficiencies ; to go the whole length. Adj. Complete, entire, perfect, full, thorough, plenary, solid, undi- vided, with all its parts, supplementary, adscititious. Adv. Completely, entirely, to the full, thoroughly. Phr. De fond en comble ; from first to last; from beginning to end i ab ovo usque ad mala. V. To be incomplete, &o., to fail, fall short, 304. Adj. Incomplete, imperfect, de- fective, deficient, wanting, failing, short by, hollow. Mutilated, garbled, docked, lop- ped, truncated. Phr. Ccetera desunt. 54. CoMrosiTiON, constitution, crasis. Inclusion, admission, compre- hension, reception. Inclusion in a class, 76. V. To be composed of, to consist of, be made of, formed of, made up of, be resolved into. To contain, include, hold, dom- prehend, take in, admit, embrace, involve, implicate. To compose, constitute, form, make, make up, fill up, build up, put together, embody. To enter into the composition of, to be, or form part of, 51, to merge in, to be merged in. Adj. Comprehending, contain- ing, including, comprising, &c. Forming, constituting, compos- ing, &c., entering into, being or forming part of, &c., belonging to, appertaining to, inclusive. 56. Component, component part, integrant part, element, con- stituent, ingredient, member, limb, 51, part and parcel, contents, 190, appurtenance. 55. Exclusion, non-admission, omission, exception, rejection, re- pudiation, exile, banishment, ex- communication. Separation, segregation, seposi- tion. Exclusion from a class, 77. V. To be excluded from, &c. • To exclude, shut out, bar, leave out, omit, garble, reject, repudiate, blackball ; lay, put, or set apart, or aside ; segregate, pass over, throw overboard, slur over, neglect, 460, excommunicate, banish, expa- triate, ostracize, relegate. To eliminate, weed, winnow, bar, separate, 44, strike off. Adj. Excluding, omitting, &c., exclusive. Excluded, omitted, &c., unre- counted, inadmissible. Adv. Exclusive of, save, except, barring, &c. 57. ExTEANEOUSNESS, foreign body, alien, stranger, intruder, in- terloper, foreigner, novus homo ; a new comer ; a Johnny Newcome. Section IV. ORDER. 1, Order in General. 58. Order, regularity, orderli- ness, uniformity, even tenor, sym- metry. 6* 59. Absence, or want of order. &c. DisoRDEF, irregularity, anoma- 66 ORDER. ly, confusion, confusedness, duar- ray, jumble, huddle, litter, lumber, cahotage, farrago, mess, hodge- podge (or hotclipot), anarchy, an- archism, imbroglio, chaos, omnimn gaihaiim,41, disjecta memhra. Complexedness, complexity.com- plexness, complication, intricacy, intricateness, implication, perplex- ity, involution, raveUing, entangle- ment, knot, coil, skein, sleeve, Gor- dian knot. Phr. Wheels within wheels. Turmoil, tumult, ferment, stew, fermentation, pudder, jiother, row, riot, rumpus, scramble, fracas, vortex, whirlpool, hurly-burly, bear- garden, Babel. Tuniultuousness, riotousness, 173. Fhr. Eudis indigestaqite moles ; confusion worse confounded ; most admired disorder, concordia dis- cors : hell being broke loose. A pretty kettle of fish ; all the fat being in the fire; le diable ei qxtatre ; the devil to pay. Derangement, 61, inversion of order, topsy-turvy, 218. Phr. The cart before the horse, i5crrf gov ni/OTegor. V. To be out of order, irregular, disorderly, &c., to ferment. To put out of order, 61. Phr. To fish in troubled waters ; to turn things upside down. Adj. Disorderly, orderless, out of order, misplaced, out of place, deranged, disarranged, 61, irregular, desultory, anoma- lous, untid)', straggling, unarranged, immethodical, unsymmet- ric, unsystematic, unmethodical, undigested, unsorted, unclassi- fied, unclassed. Disjointed, out of joint, confused, tangled, involved, fumbled, inextricable, irreducible. Mixed, scattered, promiscuous, indiscriminate. Tumultuous, turbulent, riotous, troublous, tumultuary, 173. Adr. Irregulai-ly, &c., by fits and snatches ; pell-mell ; hig- gledy-piggledy ! at sixes and sevens ; helter-skelter ; harum- scarum ; in a ferment ; at cross purposes. Phr. Lucidus ordo. Gradation, progression, pedi- gree, subordination, coiurse, array, routine. Method, disposition, arrange- ment, system, economy, discipline. Rank, station, place, statu.i,staTi6i, scale, step, stage, period, term, 7 1, footing ; rank and file. I'. To be, or become in order; to fcrm, fall in, draw up, arrange itself, place itself, range itself, fall into its place, fall into rank. Adj. Orderly, regular, in order, arranged, &c., 60, in its proper place, tidy, en rigle, well regulated, methodical, uniform, symmetrical, systematic, unconfused, undis- turbed, untangled, unruffled, un- ravelled, &c., 265. Phr. In apple-pie order. Adv. Orderly, &c., in turn, in its turn. Step by step, by regular steps, gradations, stages, periods, or in- tervals. At stated periods, 138, gradatim. 60. Reduction to Order. Akkangemknt, disposal, dispo- sition, collocation, allocation, dis- tribution, sorting, assortment, allot- ment, apportionment, marshalling, 61, Subversion of Order, bring- ing into disorder. Derangement, disarrangement, misarrangement,displaceraent, mis- placement, discomposure, disturb- PEECEDENCE — SEQUENCE. 67 (axis, taxonomy, syntaxis, grada- tion, organization. Analysis, sifting, classification. Result of arrangement, digest, synopsis, analysis, syntagma, table, register, 551. Instrument for sorting : sieve, riddle, screen. F. To reduce to order, bring into order, systematize, introduce order into. To arrange, dispose, place, form ; to put, set, place, &c., in order ; to set out, collocate, pack, marshal, range, rank, group, parcel out, allot, distribute, assort, sort, sift, riddle. Phr. To put or set to rights ; to assign places to. To class, classify, file, string, tabulate, register ; to take stock. To methodize, digest, regulate, graduate, organize, settle, fix. To unravel, disentangle, ravel, card, disembroil. Adj. Arranged, methodical, &c., 58 ; embattled, in battle array. ance, disorganization,perturbation, shuffling, rumpling, embroilment, corrugation, 258, inversion, 218. V. To derange, disarrange, mis- place, mislay, discompose, disorder, embroil, unsettle, disturb, confuse, perturb, jumble, tumble, huddle, shufifie, muddle, toss, hustle, fum- ble, riot; misarrange; to bring, put, or throw into disorder, trouble, con- fusion, &c., to break the ranks. To unhinge, put out of joint, turn over, invert ; turn topsy-turvy ; turn inside out, 218 ; to bedevil. To complicate, involve, perplex, confound, tangle, entangle, ravel, ruflle, rumple, towzle, dishevel, lit- ter, scatter. Adj. Deranged, &c., 59. Irreducible, &c. 2. Consecutive Order. 62. Precedence, coming be- fore, antecedence, priority, anteri- ority, antecedency, lepas, the lead. Superiority, 33, Precession, 280. V. To precede, come before, lead, intj'oduce, usher in. PJir. To have the pas, to take the lead, to take precedence, to get the start, to get before. To place before; to prefix, affix, premise, prelude, preface. To prepare, 673. Adj. Preceding, precedent, ante- cedent, anterior, prior, previous, before, ahead of, leading. Former, foregoing; coming or going before ; precursory, precur- sive, prevenient, preliminary, pref- atory, introductory, prelusive, pre- 1 jsory, proemial, preparatory. Adv. In advance, ahead, &c., in front of, before, in the van, 234. 63. Sequence, coming after, consecution, succession, posterior- ity, secondariness. Continuation, order of succes- sion, successiveness. Subordination, inferiority, 34. Alternation, 138. V. To succeed, come after, fol- low, come next, ensue, come on, tread close upon ; to alternate. Phr. To be in the wake, or trail of; to tread on the heels of; to step ' into the shoes of To place after, to sufiix. Adj. Succeeding, coming after, following, subsequent, ensuing, se- quent, sequarious, consequent, next; consecutive; alternate, 138. Latter, posterior. Adv. After, subsequently, since, behind, in the wake of, in the train of, at the tail of, in the rear of, 2 3a, 68 OBDER. 6^ Precursor, pioneer, ante- cedent, predecessor, forerunner, van-couvier, outrider, avant-cou- retir, leader, bell-wether, harbinger. Prelude, preamble, preface, pro- logue, ai^ani-propos, protasis, proe- mium, prolusion, proem, prolepsis, prolegomena, prefix, introduction, frontispiece, groundwork, 673. 66. Beginning, commencement, outset, incipience, inception, incho- ation, initiative, overture, exordi- um, symphony, inauguration, onset, brunt, alpha. Origin, source, rise, birth, bud, embryo, rudiment, start, cradle, starting-point, starting-post, see Departure, 293. Van, vanguard, title-page, head- ing, front, fore-part, 234, head, 210. Dawn, morning, 12j. Opening, entrance, entry, inlet, orifice, porch, portal, portico, gate- way, door, gate, postern, wicket, threshold, vestibule, mouth, yaHces, chops, chaps, lips. Phr. The rising of the curtain. T". To begin, commence, in- choate, rise, arise, originate, initi- ate, open, dawn, set in, take its rise, enter upon, set out, 293. To re- commence. To undertake, 676. To usher in, lead off, lead the way, take the lead, or the initia- tive ; head, stand at the head, stand first; broach, set on foot, 676, set agoing, set abroach, set up, institute, launch. Phr. To make a beginning ; to begin de novo ; to, open the ball; to break ground ; to break the ice. Adj. Beginning, commencing, arising, initial, initiatory, initiative, incipient, proemial, inaugural, in- choate, inchoative, embryonic, pri- mogenial, aboriginal, rudimcntal, nascent,opening,dawning,entciing. First, foremost, leadmg, headifi; speech). Begun, commenced, Sec. 65. Sequel, Rfter-jmrt, sufRx, successor, tail, queue, train, wake, trail, rear, retinue, suite, appendix, 39, postscript, epilogue, after-piece, after-part, after-thought, codicil j continuation, sequela. Phr. More last words. 67. End, close, termination, de- sinence, conclusion, finish, Jinis, finale, period, term, terminus, last, omega, extreme, extremity, turning point, butt-end, tag, fag-end, tail, tip, nib, after-pai't, rear, 23j, colo phoii, peroration, bonne bouchc. Completion, 729, winding-up denouement, catastrophe, consum- mation, finishing stroke, upshot, issue, fate, doom, doomsday. Phr. The ne plus ultra ; the fall of the curtain ; the turning point, " le commencement de la fin ; " le coup de grace. V. To end, close, finish, termi- nate, conclude j come, or draw tc an end, close or stop j to pass awayj to run its course. To bring to an end, close, &c., to put a period, &c., to ; to close finish, seal, &c., to wind up, com plete, achieve, 729, crown, deter- mine. Phr. To make an end of j to cul the matter short ; to shut up shop. A4/. Ending, closing, Szc, final terminal,desistive,definitive,crown- ing. Last, ultimate, hindermost, rear, caudal, conterminate, contermi- nous, conterminable. Ended, closed, terminated, &c Unbegun, fresh, uncommenced. Ado. Once for all; finally, fol good. g, maiden (ex gr. maiden ASSEMBLAGE — HON- ASSEMBLAGE. 69 Adv. At, or in the beginning, &c. ; first, in the first place, imprimis, first and foremost, in limine, in the bud, in embryo. From the beginning, db initio; ah ovo ; ab incunahulis. 68. Middle, mediety, mean, medium, middle term, centre, 222, mezzo termine, juste milieu, half-way-house, nave, navel, nucleus. Equidistance, midst, equator, diaphragm, midriff: bisection, 91. Intervenience, interjacence, intervention, 228, mid-course, 628. Adj. Middle, medial, mean, mid, middlemost, midmost, mediate, intermediate, 29, intervenient, interjacent, 228, central, 222, equidis- tant, embosomed, merged. Mediterranean, equatorial. Adv. In the middle, mid-way, midships, half-way. Phr. In the thick of, in mediis rebus. 69. Uninterrupted sequence. CoNTlNDiTT, consecution, suc- cession, suite, progression, series, train, chain, catenation, concatena- tion, scale, gradation, course, pro- cession, column, retinue, cortege, cavalcade, rank and file, line of battle,^ array, pedigree, genealogy, lineage, race. File, line, row, range, tier, string, thread, team, suit; colonnade. V. To follow in a series, &c. ; to form a series, &c. ; to fall in. To arrange in a series, to mar- shal, &c., 60; to string together, file, graduate, tabulate. Adj. Continuous, consecutive, serial, successive, continued, unin- terrupted, unbroken, entire, linear, in a line, in a row, &c., gradual, unintermitting, 110. Adv. Continuously, consecutive- ly, &c., seriatim ; in a line, in a string, in a row, series, &c., in suc- cession, &c., running, gradually, step by step. Uninterruptedly, at a stretch. PJir. In Indian file. 71. Term, rank, station, stage, step, degree, 26, remove, grade, (ink, ace, point, pas, period, pitch, stand, standing, footing, range. V. To hold, occupy, find, fall into a jilace, station, &c. 70. Interrupted sequence. Discontinuity, interruption, break, interval, gap, chasm, hiatus, 198, ccesura, interregnum, rhapso- Intermission, alternation, see Pe- riodicity, 138 : a broken thread. V. To be discontinuous, &c. ; to alternate, intermit. To discontinue, pause, interrupt, break, interpose, 228 ; to break in upon, disconnect, 44 ; to break or snap the thread. Adj. Discontinuous, unsucces- sive, broken, interrupted, desultory, decousu, disconnected, unconnect- ed, rhapsodical. Alternate, every other, intermit- ting, alternating, 138. Phr. Few and far between. Adv. At intervals, by snatches, per salium, longo intervallo, by fits and starts, 139. 72. AssE.MBLAGE, collection, collocation, levy, gathering, ingath- ering, muster, colligation, contes- Collective Order. 73. NON-ASSEMDLAGE. IJISPEKSION, scattering, dis- semination, difiusion, dissipation, ro OEDER. spreading, casting, distribution, sprinkling, respersion, ciicumfu- sion, interspersion, spargefaction, divergence, 291. v. To disperse, scatter, draught off, sow, disseminate, diffuse, shed, spread, overspread, dispense, dis- band, distribute, dispel, cast ibith; strew, spiinkle, issue, deal out, re- tail, utter, resperse, intersperse, set abroach, circumfuse. Phr. To turn adrift ; to scatter to the winds ; to sow broadcast ; to spread like wildfire. Adj. Unassembled, uncollected, dispersed,scattered,diffused,sparse, spread, dispread, cast, broadcast, widespread, &c., adrift, dishevelled, streaming, &c. Adv. Sparsim, here and there i passim. seration, attroiqtemenf, association, concourse, conflux, meeting, assem- bly, congregation, community, 7 12, hce'e, club, reunion, array. Congress, convocation, conven- tion, comitium, quorum, conclave, sjTiod, caucus, conventicle; posse, posse comitatus. Miscellany, museum, coUectaneci, menagerie, Noah's ark, portfolio, a drag-net. A multitude, 102, crowd, throng, rabble, mob, press, crush, eohue, horde, posse, body, tribe, crew, gang, knot, band, paity, swarm, shoal, bevy, galaxy, covey, flock, herd, drove, corps, troop, squad, squadron, phalanx, platoon, com- pany, regiment, battalion, legion, host, army, myrmidons. Store,636. Clan, brotherhood, fraternity, sisterhood, party, 712. Volley, shower, storm, cloud, &c. Group, cluster, Pleiades, clump, set, batch, lot, pack, budget, assortment, bunch, parcel, packet, package, bundle, fasHcidus, pencil, fagot, wisp, truss, tuft, shock, rick, fardel, stack, sheaf. Accumulation, congeries, heap, lump, pile, rouleau, tissue,. mass, pyramid, bale, drift, snow-ball, acervation, cumulation, glomeration, agglomeration, conglobation, conglomeration, con- glomerate, coacervation, coagmentation, aggregation, concen- b'ation, congestion, omnium gatherum; spicilegium. See Convergence, 290. \ T'. To assemble, collect, muster, meet, unite, cluster, flock, herd, crowd, throng, associate, congregate, conglomerate, ren- dezvous, resort, flock together, get together, re-assemble. To bring, get, or gather together, collect, draw together, group, convene, convoke, convocate, collocate, colligate, scrape together, rake up, dredge, bring into a focus, amass, accumulate, heap up, pile, pack, stack, truss, pack together, acervate, ag- glomerate, garner up. I'hr. To lump together j to collect in a drag-net j to heap Ossa upon Pelion. Adj. Assembled, collected, S:c., scattered, dispread, met together, closely packed, dense, crowded, huddled together, teeming, swarming, populous. Phr. As thick as hops. 74. Place of meeting. Focus, point of convergence, corradiation, rendeevous, head-quai- ters, club, centre, 222, gathering, place, resort, museum, repository iepot, 636. Home. GENEEALITY — SPECIAUXY. 71 4. Distributive Order. 75. Class, division, category, categorema, head, order, section, de- pwtment, province. Kind, sort, genus, species, family, race, tribe, caste, sept, clan, breed, kit, sect, set, assortment, feather, kidney, suit, range. Gender, sex, kin, manner, description, denomination, designation, character, stamp, predicament. 76. Inclusion, comprehension, under a class, reference to a class. Inclusion in a compound, 54. V. To be included in, to come under, to fall under, to range un- der ; to belong, or pertain to ; to range with, to merge in. To include, comprise, compre- hend, contain, admit, embrace, enu- merate among, reckon among, number among, refer to, place under, arrange under, or with. Phr. To take into account. Adj. Including, &c., inclusive, congener, congenerous, et hoc genus omne, of the same class, &c. Included, merged, &c. Phr. Birds of a feather. 77. Exclusion from a class,* rejection, &c., proscription, no- body. Exclusion from a compound, 55. V. To be excluded from, &c. ; to exclude, proscribe, &c., to set apart. PJir. To shut the door upon. Adj. Exclusive, excluding, &c. 78. Generality, universality, Catholicism. Miscellaneousness, miscellany, generalization, prevalence. V. To be general, &c., to pre- vail. To render general, to generalize. Adj. General, generic, collec- tive, comprehensive, sweeping, universal, encyclopedical, catholi- cal, catholic, common, oecumenical (or ecumenical), transcendental, prevalent, prevailing. Every, every one, all, all hands, to a man. Unspecified, impersonal. Adv. Whatever, whatsoever. Generally, universally, &c. Phr. De omnibus rebus el qui- iisdam aliis. 79. Speciality, particularity, individuality, peculiarity, indivi- duity, personality, propria per- sona, characteristic, mannerism, idiosyncrasy,, specificness, singu- larity, 83. Particulars, details, items, counts. I, myself, self; I myself. V. To specify, particularize, in- dividualize, realize, specialize, des- ignate, determine. Phr. To descend to particulars, to enter into detail. Adj. Special, particular, indi- vidual, specific, proper, personal, private, respective, definite, deter- minate, especial, certain, esoteric, endemic, partial, party, peculiar, characteristic, diagnostic, exclu- sive, sui generis, singular, excep- tional, 83. This, that, yonder, yon. • The same set of words are used to express Exclusion from a class, and Exclv sionfrom a compound. Keference is therefore here made to the former at S5. This identity docs not occur with regard to Inclusion, which therefore required to be made a separate heading. 72 OEDEE. Adv. Specially, specifically, &c., in particular, respectively, personally, individually, in propria persona, ad hominem. Each, apiece, one by one, severally, seriatim, mdelicet. 5. Order as regards Categories. 80. Rule, regularity, uniform- ity, constancy, standard, model, nature, the order of things, routine, prevalence, practice, usage, custom, use, habit, 613, regulation. Form, formula, law, canon, key note, principle, technicality. Type, pattern, 22, prei'cdent, paradigma; the normal, natural, ordinary, or model stale or condi- tion. Phr. A standing dish ; the Pro- rrustean law. 82. Conformity, conformance, cbservance, naturalization. Example, instance, specimen, sample, ensample, 22, exemplar, exemplification, illustration, case in point, quotation ; the rule. Phr. The common, or ordinary, run of things, 23 ; matter of course. V. To conform to rule, be regu- lar, &c., to follow, observe, go by, bend to, obey rules ; to be guided or regulated by ; be wont, &c., 613, to naturalize ; to chime in with. Phr. Hurler avec les loitps ; to swim with the stream. To exemplify, illustrate, cite, quote, put a case, produce an in- stance, &c., to set an exampie. Phr. To keep one in counte- nance. Adj. Conformable to rule, regu- lar, uniform, constant, steady, ac- cording to rule, en regie, scion les regies, normal, well regulated, for- mal, canonical, strict, rigid, posi- tive, uncompromising, 23. Ordinary, natural, usual, com- mon, wonted, accustomed, habitual, household, every day, current, pre- vaihng, prevalent, established, re- ceived, acknowledged, recognized, 81. MuLTlFOEMlTY, variety, di- versity, multifariousness. Adj. Multiform, multifold, mani- fold, multifarious, multigenerous, omnifarious, heterogeneous, mot- ley, epicene, indiscriminate, desul- tory, irregular, diversified. Phr. Of all sorts and kinds ; et hoc genus omne ; and what not. 83. Unconformity, informal- ity, arbitrariness, abnormity, anom- aly, anomalousness, lawlessness, peculiaritj', exclusiveness ; infrac- tion, breach, violation, &c., of law, or rule ; eccentricity, aberration, irregularity, variety, singularity, exemption, salvo. Exception, nondescript, a charac- ter, nonsuch, monster, prodigy, 872, lusus naturcB, rara avis, queer fish, flying fish, mongrel, half caste, half bred, metis, cross breed, hybrid, mule, mulatto, iertium quid, her- maphrodite. Phoenix, chimera, hydra, sphinx, minotaur, griffin, centaur, hippo- centaur, sagittary, hippogrifl', kra- ken, dragon, sea-serpent, mermaid, unicorn, &c. Phr. Out of one's element ; a fish out of water ; neither one thing nor another ; neither fish, flesh, nor fowl, nor yet a red herring. V. To be unconformable to rule, to be exceptional; to stretch a point. Phr. To have no business there ; to beggar description. Adj. Unconformable, exception, al, abnormal, abnormous, anoma- ABSTEAOT NUMBEE. 73 hackneyed, well-known, familiar, vernacular, commonplace, trite, or- derly, naturalized. Exemplary, illustrative, in point, of daily or every-day occurrence ; in the order of things. Phr. Regular as clockwork; being in the order of the day. Adv. Conformably, by rule, reg- ularly, &c., agreeably to, secundum artem. Usually, generally, ordinarily, commonly, for the most part, as usual, ad instar, instar omnium, more soliio. Of course, as a matter of course, pro forma. Always, uniformly, invariably, without exception, never otherwise. For example, for instance, exem- pli gratia, inter alia, to wit, name- ly, videlicet, that is to say. Fhr. Ah uno disce omnes ; Cela va sans dire. lous, anomalistic, out of order, mis- placed, out of place, irregular, ar- bitrary, informal, aberrant, stray, peculiar, exclusive, unnatural, ec- centric. Unusual, unaccustomed, unwon- ted, uncommon, rare, singular, unique, curious, odd, extraordina- ry, strange, outre, out of the way 853, unheard of, queer, quaint, non descript, half caste, undesoribed none such, sui generis, unprece^ dented, unparalleled, unfamiliar, fantastic, new-fangled, grotesque, bizarre, outlandish, exotic, preter natural, denaturalized. Heterogeneous, heteroclite.amor- phous, out of the pale of, mongrel, amphibious, epicene,half-blood, hy- brid, androgynous, androgynal. Fhr. Unlike what the world ever saw; without a parallel; out of time ; " none but himself could be his parallel ; " tombe des nues. _ Adv. Except, unless, save, bar- ring, beside, without, save and ex- cept, let alone. However, yet, but. Unusually, &c. Fhr. Never was seen, or heard, or known the like. Section V. NUMBER. 1. Number in The Abstract. 84. Number, symbol, numeral, figure, cipher, digit, integer, coun- ter, a round number, a formula ; function ; series. Sum, difference, complement, product, multiplicand, multiplier, mul- tiplicator, coefiieient, multiple, dividend, divisor, factor, quotient, sub- multiple, fraction, numerator, denominator, decimal, circulating decimal, repetend, common measure, aliquot part, reciprocal, prime number. Permutation, combination, election. Ratio, percentage, proportion, progression (arithmetical, geometri- cal, harmonical). Figurate, pyramidal, and polygonal numbers. Power, root, exponent, index, logarithm, antilogarithin. Difierential, integral, fluxion, fluent. Adj. Numeral, complementary, divisible, aliquot, reciprocal, prime, fractional, decimal, figurate, &c., fractional, mixed, incommensurable. 7 74 KTJMBEK. Proportional, exponential, logarithmic, logometric, differential, flux- ional, integral. Positive, negative, rational, irrational, surd, radical, real, imaginary, impossible. 85. Numeration, numbering, counting, tale, telling, calling over, recension, enumeration, summation, reckoning, computation, supputa- tion, ciphering, calculation, calculus, algorithm, rhabdology, dactylon- omy. Arithmetic, analysis, algebra, fluxions, differential and integral cal- culus. Statistics ; dead reckoning, muster, poll, census, capitation, roll-call, inastei-roU, account, score, recapitulation. Operations ; notation, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, reduction, involution, evolution, approximation, interpolation, differen- tiation, integration. Instruments ; abacus, swan-pan, logometer, sliding-rule, tallies, Na- pier's bones, &c. V. To number, count, tell, call over, take an account of, enumerate, muster, poll, run over, recite, recapitulate ; to sum, sum up, cast up, tell off, score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute, to add, subtract, &c., to amount to. To check, prove, demonstrate, balance, audit, overhaul, take stock. Adj. Numerical, arithmetical, numeral, analytic, algebraic, statistical, computable, calculable, oommensin-a'i)le, incommensurate. Phr. According to Cocker. 86. List, catalogue, inventory, schedule, register, record, 531, ac- count, registry, syllabus, roll, bead-roll, terrier, tally, file, muster-roll, pannel, calendar, index, table, book, ledger, synopsis, catalogue raisonne, tableau, contents, invoice, bill of lading, bill of fare, red-book, cadastre, prospectus, programme. Registration, &c., 551. 2. Determinate Kuinher. 87. Unity, oneness, individu- ality, singleness, solitariness, soli- tude, 893, isolation, abstraction. One, unit, ace. Some one, somebody, no other, none else, an individual. V. To be one, to be alone, &c. j to isolate, insulate, set apart. Ad^. One, sole, single, individ- ual, apart, alone, lone, isolated, solitary, lonely, lonesome, deso- late, dreary, insular, insulated, disparate, discrete, detached, 44. Unaccompanied, unattended, so- lus, single handed, singular, odd, unique, unrepeated, azygous. 88. Accompaniment, coexist ence, concomitance, company, asso elation, companionship, partner- ship, copartnersliip, coefficienoy. Concomitant, accessory, coeffi- cient, 39, companion, attendant, fellow, associate,^ consort, spouse, colleague, partner, copartner, satel- lite, escort, hanger on. v. To accompany, coexist, at- tend, be associated with, hang on, wait on i to join, tie together, &c., 43. Phr. To go hand in hand with. Adj. Accompanying, coexisting, attending, &c., concomitant, fellow. TRIPLICATION — TEISECTION. 75 Insecable, inseverable, irresolva- ble, indiscerptible, compact. Adv. Singly, &c., alone, by it- self, per se, only, apart, in the sin- gular number, in the abstract ; one by one. One and a half, sesqui-. twin, joint, associated with, acces- sory. Adv. With, withal, together with, along with, in company with, hand in hand, side by side, cheek by jowl, &c. ; therewith, herewith. And, &c., 37. Together, in a body collectively. 89. Duality, duahsm, duplicity, biplicity, biformity ; polai-ity. Two, deuce, couple, brace, pair, twins, Castor and Pollux, gemini, Siamese twins j fellows, yoke, conjugation. V. To unite in pairs, to pair, couple, bracket, yoke. Adj. Two, twain, dual, binary, dualistic, duplex, twofold, bifold, bi- form, bifarious, duplicate, dyadic, binomial, twin, tete-a-tete. Coupled, bracketed, paired, &c., conjugate. Both ; both the one and the other. 90. Duplication, doubling, gemination, reduplication, ingemi- nation, repetition, iteration, 104, renewal, ingannation. V. To double, redouble, gemi- nate, reduplicate, repeat, iterate, re-echo, renew. Adj. Doubled, redoubled, bi- form, bifarious, bifold, bifacial, duplex, duplicate, ingeminate, &o. Adv. Twice, once more, over again, da capo, bis, encore, anew, as much again, twofold, 104, 136. Secondly, in the second place, again. 91. Division into two parts. Bisection, bipartition, dichot- omy, halving, dimidiation, bifur- cation, forking, branching, ramifi- cation, divarication, splitting, cleav- ing, subdichotomy. Fork, prong ; fold. Half, moiety, semi-, demi-, hemi-. F. To bisect, halve, divide, split, cut in two, cleave, dimidiate, di- chotomize. FJir. To go halves. To separate, fork, bifurcate, branch out, ramify. Adj. Bisected, halved, divided, &o., bipartite, biconjugate, bicus- pid, bifurcated, bifid, bifuroous, bifurcate, cloven, cleft, split, &c. 92. Teiality, trinity.* Three, triad, triplet, trey, trio, ternion, trinomial, leash. Third power, cube. Adj. Three, triform, trinal, trinomial, tertiary. 93. Teiplication, triplicity, trebleness, trine. F. To treble, triple, triplicate, cube. Adj. Treble, triple, tern, ter- nary, triplicate, threefold, trilogis- tic. Adv. Three times, thrice, three- fold, in the third place, thirdly. 94. Division into_ three parts. Teisection, tripartition, tri- chotomy ; third part, third. F. To trisect, divide into thre« parts. Adj. Trifid, trisected, tripartite, trichotomous, trisulcate. * JHnity is hardly ever used except in a tbtological sense, 976. 76 NUMBER. 95. QcATEUNITY, four, tetrad, quai'tet, quaternion, square, qundra* ture, quarter. V. To reduce to a square, to square. A(^'. Four, quaternary, quaternal, quadratic, quartile, tetraotio. 98. QUADEUPLICATION. V. To multiijlj' by four, quadru- plicate, biquadrate. Adj. Fourfold, quadruple, quad- ruplicate, quadrible. Adv. Four times, in the fourth place, fourthly. 98. Five, cinque, quint, quin- cunx. A(^'. Five, quinary, quintuple. Six. Adj. Senary, sextuple. Eight, Octuple. Ten, a decade. Adj. Decimal, denary, decuple. Twelve, a dozen. Adj. Duodenary, duodenal. Thieteen, a long dozen j a ba- ker's dozen. Twenty, a score. Sixty. Eighty, fourscore. Hundred, centenary, hecatomb, century. — One hundred and forty- four, a gross. V. To centuriate. Ac^. Centuple, centuplicate, centennial, centenary, centurial. Thousand, chiliad. Myriad, a lac. Million, billion, trillion, &c. 97. Division into four parts. Quadrisection, quadripartition, quartering, a fourth, a quarter. )'. To quarter, to divide into four parts, lic. Adj. Quartered, &c., quadrifid, quadripartite. 99. Quinquesection, &c. Adj. Quinquefid, quinquarticu- lar, quinquepartite. Ootofid. Decimation. V. To decimate. A(^. Decimal, tenth, tithe. Duodecimal, twelfth. Sexagesimal, sexagenary. HuNDEEDTH, Centesimal. Millesimal, &c. 3. Indeterminate Kainbcr. 100. More than one. Plurality, a number, a certain number, a round number. Adj. Plural, more than one, up- wards of, some, certain, some one, somebody. 102. Multitude, numerous- ness, numerosity, numerality, mul- tiplicity, profusion, legion, host, a great or large number, numbers, 101. Zero, nothing, 4, nought, cipher, a solitude, a desert, 893. Adj. None, not one, not any, nobody. Ph: Not a soul, ame qiU vive. Not a bit of it| none in the world. 103. Fewness, paucity, a hand- ful, a small number, scantiness, rareness, rarity, thinness. Diminution of number, reduc- rNFEsriTT. 77 tion, weeding, elimination, thin- ning. r. To be few, &c. To render few, reduce, diminish the number, weed, eliminate, thin, decimate. Phr. Few and far between. Adj. Few, scanty, rare, thinly scattered, rari nantes, hardly or scarcely any, reduced, thinned, weeded, &c., unrepeated. dvray, sight, army, sea, galaxy, cloud; populousness, 72. A hundred, thousand, myriad, million, &c. A shoal, swarm, draught, bevy, flock, herd, drove, flight, covey, hive, brood, litter, team, fry, nest, crowd, &c., 72. Increase of number, multiplica- tion. V. To be numerous, &c., to Bwarm, teem, crowd, come thick upon, outnumber, multiply; to people. Plir. To swarm like locusts, or like bees ; being no end to. Adj. Many, not a few, several, sundry, divers, various, a great many, very many, full many, ever so many, numerous, uumerose, profuse, manifold, multiplied, multitudinous, multiple, multinom- inal, endless, 105, teeming, populous, peopled. Frequent, repeated, reiterated, outnumbering, thick, crowded, thick coming, many more. Phr. Thick as hops ; thick as hail ; plenty as blackberries ; all the world and his wife ; cum muUis aliis ; in profusion : and what not ; and heaven knows what. Numerous as the stars in the firmament ; as the sands on the sea-shore; as the hairs on the head; their name, is "Legion." 104. Repetition, iteration, reiteration, harping, recurrence, 136, battology, tautology, monotony,' cuckoo-note, chimes, repetend, echo, burden of a song, refrain, renewal, rehearsal, twice-told tale, re- chayffe, 19. Cuckoo, mocking-bird. Periodicity, 138. Frequency, 136. K To repeat, iterate, reiterate, renew, reproduce, echo, re-echo, drum, rehearse, redouble, battologize : to reappear, to hammer. Phr. To do or say over again ; to ring the changes on ; to harp on the -same string ; to din or drum in the ear ; to go the same round, like a horse in a mill ; to conjugate in all its moods, tenses, and in- flections ; to begin again. Adj. Repeated, 136, repetitional, repetitionary, recurrent, recurring, reiterated, renewed, ever recurring, thick coming, monotonous, barj)- ing, mocking, chiming, aforesaid. Phr. Regular as clockwork ; "Ecce iterum Crispimis." Adv. Repeatedly, often, 136, again, anew, over again, afresh, ling, dong, ditto, encore, de novo, da capo. See Twice, 90. Pkr. Toties quoties, again and again, in quick succession, over and over agam, ever and anon ; time after time ; year after year, &o. 105. Infinity, infinitude. Ac^. Infinite, numberless, innumerable, countless, sumless, unfold, Bnnurabered, incalculable, unlimited, limitless, illimited, illimitable, 7* 78 TIME. immeasurable, unmeasured, measureless, unbounded, boundless, end- less, interminable, unfathomable, exhaustless, termless, indefinite; without number ; without limit. Adv. Infinitely, &c., without measure, limit, &c., ad infinitum. Section VI. TIME. 1. Absolute Time. 106, DUEATION, period, term, space, span, spell, season, era. Intermediate time, the while, in- terval, interim, pendency,interven- tion, intermission, interregnum, in- terlude, intermittence, respite. Long duration, lapse of time, 110. V. To continue, last, endure, elapse, remain ; to take, take up, fill, or occupy time ; to persist, to intervene. To pass, pass away, spend, employ sume time. Adj. Continuing, lasting, enduring, remaining, persistent, permanent, 150. Adu. While, whilst, during, or pending, till, until, up to, dur- ing the time, or interval ; the whole time, or period ; all the time, in the long run, all along, throughout, from beginning to end. Pending, meantime, meanwhile, in the mean time, in the in- terim, ad interim, pendente lite, from day to day, de die in diem, for a time, for a season, for good, yet, up to this time. Phr. Ab ovo usque ad mala ; from first to last. 107. Neterness,* absents of time, no time. Short duration. 111. Adv. Never, at no time, on no occasion, at no period, nevermore, sijie die, dies non. Hardly ever, scarcely ever. Phr. On Tib's eve ; on the Greek Kalends. while away, or con- 108. Definite duration, or por- tion of time. Period, second, minute, hour, day, week, month, quarter, year, lustrum quinquennium, lifetime, generation. Century, age, millennium ; annus magnus. Adj. Hourly, horary f diurnal, quotidian ; weekly, hebdomadal j menstrual, monthly; annual; sec- ular; centennial. 109. Indefinite duration. Course, progress, process, suc- cession, lapse, flow, flux, stream, tract, current, tide, march, stei), flight, &c., of time. Phr. The scythe of tinje the glass of time. Indefinite time, aorist. V. To elapse, lapse, flow, run, proceed, roll on, advance, pass, slide, press on, flit, fly, slip, glide, * A term introduced by Bishop Wilkine. DIUTUENITY — TEANSIENTMTiSd. 79 Adv. From day to day ; some of these days ; de die in diem ; from hour to hour, &c., then. Once upon a time : anno Dom- ini. 108. «• Contingent Dura- tion. During pleasure ; during good behavior; quamdiu se bene gessent. 110. Long duration. DlUTURNlTY, a long time, an 6ge, a century, an eternity. Durableness, durability, persist- ence, lastingness, continuance, per- manence, 150, longevity. Survival, survivanee. Distance of time, protraction, extension, or prolongation of time, 133. V. To last, endure, stand, &c. ; abide, tarry, protract, prolong, out- last, outlive, survive ; spin out, draw out, eke out, linger, loiter, lounge, wait. Adj. Durable, of long duration, permanent, enduring, chronic, in- transient, intransitive, intransmu- table, lasting, abiding, persistent ; livelong ; longeval, longlived, diu- turnal, ever-green, perennial, un- intermitting, unremitting. Protracted, prolonged, spun out, long-winded, surviving, &c. Adv. Long, a long time, perma- nently, day after day. Fhr. All the day long, all the year round, the livelong day, for good, for many a long day ; as the day is long. Adj. Elapsing, passing, &c., aoristic. Adv. In course of time ; in due time, or season ; in process of time ; in the fulness of time. Fh'. Truditur dies die;fugaces labuntur anni. 111. Short duration. Transientness, transitoriness, evanescence, transitiveness, fugi- tiveness, fugacity, fugaciousness, caducity, mortality, span, short- ness, brevity. Fhr. A nine days' wonder ; one's days being numbered. Quickness, promptness, 132, suddenness, abruptness, interreg- num. A coup de main, bubble, May- fly. V. To be transient, &c., to flit, to fade, pass away, fly, gallop, vanish, intromit. Adj. Transitory, transient, tran- sitive, passing, evanescent, fleeting, fugacious, fugitive, flitting, vanish- ing, shifting, flying. Temporary, provisional, provi- sory, temporal, cursory, galloping, shortlived, ephemeral, perishable, deciduous. Brief, sudden, quick, prompt, brisk, abrupt, extemporaneous, summary, hasty, precipitate. Adv. Temporarily, &c., for a time, pro tempore, in transitu. In a short time, soon, at once, awhile, anon, by and by, briefly, apace, eft, eftsoons, straight, straightway, quickly, speedily, promptly, presto, slap-dash, di- rectly, immediately, incontinently, presently, straightforth, forth- with, a vue d'ceil. Fhr. At short notice ; the time being up ; before the ink is dry ; here to-day and gone to-morrow, 149 ; between the cup and the lip ; non semper erit wstas ; " Ekeu fugaces labuntur anni ! " 80 TIME. 112. Pbkpettjity, eternity, ever- ness,* aye, sempiternity, immor- tality, athanasia, everlastingness, perpetuation. V. To last, or enduie forever, to have no end, to eternize, per- petuate. Adj. Perpetual, eternal, ever- lasting, sempiternal, coeternal ; endless, unending, ceaseless, inces- Bant, indesinent, unceasing, inter- minable, having no end, unfading, evergreen, never fading, deathless, immortal, undying, never dying, imperishable. Phr. Stretching to the crack of doom. Adv. Always, ever, evermore, aye, forever, for aye, forever- more, still, perpetually, eternally, &c., in all ages, from age to age ; every day. Fhr. Forever and a day ; esto perpetuum ; forever and ever ; world without end; time without end ; in secula seculorum ; to the end of time; till doomsday; " Busticus expectat dum defluat amnis." 114. Estimation, measurement, and record of time. Cheonometey, chronology, ho- rology, horometry, registry, date, epoch, style. Almanac, calendar, ephemeris, chronicle, annals, register, journal, diary, chronogram. Instruments for the measure- ment of time ; clock, watch, chro- nometer, time-piece, dial, sun-dial, horologe, pendulum, hour-glass, clepsydra. 113. Point of time. Instantaneitt, instantaneous- ness, moment, instant, second, min- ute, twinkling, tiice, flash, breath, span, jiffy, flash of lightninjfc stroke of time, epoch, the twiiv kling of an eye, suddenness. Set 111. V. To twinkle, flash, to be in- stantaneous, &o. Adj. Instantaneous, momentary, extempore. Phr. Quick as thought, quick as lightning, rapid as electricity. Adv. Instantly, momentarily, subito, instanier, suddenly, slap.! dash, in a moment, all at once, in an instant, in a second, in no time, in a trice, in a twinkling, at one jump, in a breath, extempore, ^er salium, in a crack. Phr. Before one can say " Jack Robinson ; " between the cup and the lip ; on the spur of the mo- ment ; on the spot ; on the instant j in less than no time. 115. False estimate of time. Anacheonism, prolepsis, me- tachronism, prochronism, parachro- nism, misdate. Anticipation, antichi'onism. V. To misdate, antedate, post- date, overdate, anticipate. Ai^. Misdated, &c., undated, overdue. Disregard, neglect, or oblivion of time. Phr. "To take no note of time." Chronographer, chronologer, chronologist, annalist. F. To fix or mark the time, date, register, &c., to bear date, to measure lime, to beat time, to mark time. A(y. Chronological, chronometrical, chronogrammatical, &c. * Bishop Wilkins. SYNCHEONISM. 81 2. Melative Time, TIME WITH UEFERENCE TO SUCCESSION. 117. PosTERlOElTY, succession, sequence, subsequence, superven- tion, sequel, successor, 65. V. To follow, come or go after, succeed, supervene. Phr. To tread on the heels of. Adj. Subsequent, posterior, fol- lowing, after, later, succeeding, postliminious, postnate, postdilu- vial, postdiluvian, puisne, posthu- mous. Adv. Subsequently, after, after- wards, since, later, at a subsequent or later period, next, in the sequel, close upon, thereafter, thereupon, upon which, eftsoons. 116. Peioeity, antecedence, anteriority, precedence, pre-exist- ence. Precursor, predecessor, prelude, forerunner, &c., 64, harbinger, dawn, introduction, prodrome. V. To precede, come before, pre- exist, prelude, usher in, dawn, fore- run, get the start of, announce, &o., 511. Fhr. To be beforehand j to steal a march upon. Adj. Prior, previous, preceding, anterior, antecedent, pre-existing, former, foregoing. Precursory, prelusive, prelusory, preludious, proemial, introducto- ry, preliminary, prefatory, prodro- mous. Adv. Before, prior to, previous- ly, anteriorly, antecedently, afore, ere, erewhile, ere now, before now, already, yet, beforehand. 118. The Present Time, the existing time, the time being, the present moment, the present junc- ture, the nonce, crisis, epoch, day, hour. Age, time of life. Jidj. Present, actual, instant, current, existing, that is. Adv. At this time, moment, &c., now, at present, at this time of day, at the present time, day, &c., to- day, now-a-days, already, even now, but now, just now. Fhr. For the time being, for the nonce, pro hdc vice, on the nail, on the spot, on the spur of the occasion. 120. Synchronism, coexistence, coincidence, simultaneousness, contemporaneousness, concurrence, concomitance, contemporariness. Having equal times, isochronism. A contemporary, coetanian. V. To coexist, concur, accompany. Adj. Synchronous, synchronal, synchronical, synchronistical, simul- 119. Time different from thu present. Different Time, other time. Indefinite time, aorist. Adj. Abristic. Adv. At that time, moment, &c., then, at which time, &c., on that occasion, upon. When, whenever, whensoever, upon which, on which occasion ; at another or different time, &c., at various times. Phr. Once upon a time. 82 TIME. faneous, coexisting, coincident, concomitant, concurrent, coeval, eoe vous, contemporary, coetanoous, contemporaneous, cocternal, isochro. nous. Adv. At the same time, simultaneously, &c., together, during the same time ; in the interim ; meantime, meanwhile ; in the same breath, pari passu, 106. Wliile, whilst. 121. Prospective time. FCTURITY, the future, futurilion, the approaching time, hereafter, the time to come, after time, after age, the coming time, the morrow, after days, hours, years, &c., after life, millennium, doomsday, the day of judgment, the crack of doom. The approach of time, advent, time drawing on; the womb of time. Prospection, anticipation, pros- pect, prospective, expectation, 607, horizon, heritage, heirs, posterity, descendants, heir apparent, heir presumptive. Future existence, future state, post-existence, after-life. Phr. The future in -i-us. V. To look forwards, anticipate, have in prospect, keep in view, wait, 133, expect. P/ir. To lie in wait for ; to bide one's time; to wait impatiently; to dance attendance ; to kick one's heels ; to cool one's heels. To impend, hang over, lie over, approach, await, threaten, draw near, prepare. Phr. To be in the wind, " to loom in the future." Adj. Future, to come, coming, going to happen, approaching, im- pending, overhanging, instant, at hand, about to be or happen, next, hanging, awaiting, forthcoming, near, near at hand, imminent, threatening, brewing, preparing, in store, eventual, ulterior, in view, in prospect, prospective, in perspective, in the horizon, in the wind, on the cards that (rill be. 122. Retrospective time. Preteeition, the past, past time, status quo, days of yare, time gone by, former times, old times, the olden time, ancient times, antiquity, antiqueness, lang syne, time immemorial, distance of time. Phr. The good old time, time out of mind, the rust of antiquity. Archaeology, paleology, archa- ism, retrospection, looking back. Ancestry, 166, pfe-existence. F. To pass, lapse, go by, elapse, run out, expii-e, blow over, to look back, to trace back ; to cast the eyes back. Adj. Past, gone, gone by, over, bygone, foregone, pristine, quon- dam, lapsed, preterlapsed, expii-ed, late, ci devant, run out, blown over, that has been. Former, foregoing, late, last, latter, recent, overnight, preterper- fect, preterpluperfect, forgotten, ir- recoverable, out of date. Looking back, retrospective, re- troactive, ex post facto. Pre-existing, pre-existent. Adv. Formerly, of old, erst, whilom, erewhile, before now, time was, ago, over, in the olden time, anciently, in days of yore, long s;nce, retrospectively, ere now, be- fore now, till now, once, hitherto, heretofore, ultimo. The other day, yesterday, just now, recently, lately, of late, lat- terly. Long ago, lang syne, a long while or time ago, some time ago. Phr, Once upon a time, from MOENING — EVENING. 85 time immemorial, ir. tlie memory of man, time out of mind. Already, yet, at length, at last. Unborn, in embryo, ia the womb of time. Phr. All in good time. Adv. Prospectively, hereafter, by and by, anon, in future, to-morrow, in course of time, event- ually, in process of time, sooner or later, proximo, paulo post futurum, in after time. On the eve of, soon, ere long, at hand, near at hand, on the point of, in articulo, beforehand, against the time. After a time, from this time, henceforth, henceforwards, thence, thenceforth, thenceforward, whereupon, upon which. TIME WITH HEFJERENCE to a rARTICTJLAIt PERIOD. 124. Oldness, age, antiquity, primitiveness, maturity, decline, decay. Seniority, first-born, el- dest, eldership, primogeniture. Adj. Old, ancient, antique, afler- age, antiquated, of long standing, time-honored, venerable, prime, primitive, diluvian, antediluvian, primeval, primordial, primordinate, primigenous, preadamite, antemun- dane, archaic. Immemorial, inveterate, rooted. Medissval. Obsolete, out of date, stale, time- worn, faded, decayed, effete, declin- ing, &c., crumbling, decrepit, 128 passe. Phr. Nothing new under the sun ; old as the hills ; old as Methuselah ; old as Adam ; nihil suh sole novi ; having had or 123. Newness, novelty, recent- ness, recency, freshness, greenness, immaturity, rawness. Innovation, renovation, renewal. Adj. New, novel, recent, of yes- terday, fresh, green, evergreen, raw, immature, untrodden, late, modern, neoteric, new-born, new- fashioned, new-fangled, vernal, ren- ovated. Phr. Fresh as a rose ; fresh as a daisy ; fresh as paint ; bran new ; spick and span new. Adv. Newly, recently, &c., afresh, anew. seen its day, 125. Morning, morn, matin, forenoon, prime, dawn, daybreak, peep of day, break of day, aurora, first blush of the morning, prime of the morning, twilight, crepus- cule, sunrise, cockcrow. Noon, midday, noontide, merid- ian, noonday, prime, spring, sum- mer. Adj. Matutinal, vernal. 127. Youth, infancj', baby- hood, boyhood, juvenility, child- hood, boyism, youthhood, juniority, 126. Evening, eve, decline of day, fall of day, eventide, night- fall, curfew, dusk, twilight, eleventh hour, sunset, afternoon, going down of the sun. Midnight. Phr. The dead of night, the witching time of night, "dewy eve." Autumn, the fall, winter. Adj. Nocturnal, autumnal. 128. Age, old age, senility, senescence, oldness, years, anility, gray hairs, climacteric, decrepitude) 84 TIME. hoary age, caducity, superannua- tion, dotage, seniority, green old age, eldership, elders. Phr. The vale of years, the de- cline of life ; " the sear and yellow leaf." Adj. Aged, old, elderly, senile, matronly, anile, in years, ripe, mellow, gray, gray-headed, hoary, hoar, venerable, time-worn, declin- ing, antiquated, passe, rusty, effete, decrepit, superannuated. Phr. Advanced in life, or in years ; stricken in years ; marked with the crow's foot ; having one foot in the grave. Patriarchal, ancestral, primitive, preadamite, antediluvian, diluvian. Older, elder, senior, turned of. Eldest, oldest, first-born, firstling. juvenescence, minority, nonage, teens, tender age, bloom. Cradle, nursery, leading strings, pupilage, puberty. Phr. The prime or flower of life ; the rising generation. Adj. Young, youthful, juvenile, sappy, ^aisnd', beardless, under age, in one's teens. Junior, younger. Phr. In statu pupillari. 129. Infant, babe, baby, nurse- ling, suckling. Child, bairn, little one, brat, chit, urchin, bantling, bratling, pap- poose, elf. Youth, boy, lad, stripling, youngster, younker, whipster, whippersnapper, school-boy, hob- bardy-hoy, hobbledy-hoy, cadet, minor. Scion, sapling, seedling, tendril, mushroom, nestling, chicken, larva, chrysalis, tadpole, whelp, cub, pullet, fry, callow, codling,ya3i!M, calf, colt, pup, foal, kitten. Girl, lass, lassie, wench, miss, damsel, maid, maiden, vii-gin. Adj. Infantine, infantile, puerile, boyish, girlish, childish, baby, babyish, unfledged, new-fledged, kittenish, callow. Phr. In leading strings ; at the breast, in arms, in one's 130. Veteran, old man, seer, patriarch, graybeard, grandsire, grandam, gafler, gammer, crone, sexagenarian, octogenarian, cente- narian. Preadamite, Methuselah, Nes- tor. Elders, forefathers, fathers, an- cestors, ancestry. Adolescence, majority, adultness, manhood, virility, ma- teens. 131. turity. Phr. Years of discretion j toga virilis ; man's estate j the flower of age ; the prime of life ; the meridian of life. A man, adult, 373, a woman, matron, 374. Adj. Adolescent, of age, out of one's teens, grown up, mature, mid- dle-aged, manly, virile, adult. Womanly, matronly. TIME WITS liEFERENCE TO AN EFFECT OB PUIiPOSE. 132. Eaeliness, timeliness, I 133- I-ateneps, tardiness, slow- punctuality, readiness, promptness, | ness, delay, cunctation, procrasti- OCCASION — ESTTEMPESTIVITY. 8u promptitude, expedition, quick- ness, haste, acceleration, hastening, 6b4, anticipation. Suddenness, abruptness, 111. V. To be early, to be in time, &c., to keep time. To anticipate, forestall. To expedite, hasten, haste, quicken, press, despatch, acceler- ate, precipitate, hurry, bustle. PJir. To take time by the fore- lock; to be beforehand with; to steal a march upon ; to be pressed for time. Adj. Early, prime, timely, punc- tual, matutinal, forward, ready, quick, expeditious, summary, prompt, premature, precipitate, precocious, prevenient, anticipa- tory. Sudden, abrupt. 111, unex- pected, 508, subitaneous, extem- pore. Adv. Early, soon, anon, betimes, rath, apace, eft, eftsoons, in time, ere long, before long, punctually, to the minute. Phr. In good time ; in military time ; in pudding time ; at sunrise ; with the lark. Beforehand, prematurely, before one's time, in anticipation. Suddenly, abruptly, at once, on the point of, at short notice, ex- tempore ; on the spur of the mo- ment, instanter, all at once, per aaltum. 134. Occasion, opportunity, opening, room, suitable or proper time or season, high time ; oppor- tuneness, tempestivity, seasonable- ness, crisis, turn, juncture, conjunc- ture, the nonce. Phr. The nick of time ; a golden opportunity; molUa tempora; a well-timed opportunity ; a stitch in time. Spare time, leisure, holiday, 685, spare moments, hours, &c., time on one's hands. 8 nation, deferring, postponement, dilation, adjournment, prorogation. Phr. The Fabian policy, La Medicine expectante. Protraction, prolongation, lee- way. Phr. An afternoon man. V. To be late, &c., tarry, wait, stay, bide, take time, dally, daw- dle, linger, loiter, bide one's time ; to take one's time, 275, 683. To stand over, lie over. To put off, defer, delay, lay over, suspend, shift off, stave off, waive, remand, postpone, adjourn, pro- crastinate, prolong, protract, draw out, prorogue. Phr. To tide it over ; to consult one's pillow ; to push, or drive to the last; to let the matter stand over. Adj. Late, tardy, slow, behind- hand, postliminious, posthumous, backward, unpunotual, belated. Delayed, &c., suspended, in abeyance. Adj. Late, backward, after time, too late, sine die. At length, at last, at sunset. Slowly, leisurely, deliberately. Phr. Nonum prematur in an- num ; a day after the fair ; at the eleventh hour; after meat, mus- tard ; after death, the doctor. 133. Intempestivity, unsuit- able time, improper time, unsea- sonableness, inopportuneness, evil hour, contretemps. V. To be ill-timed, &c., to miu- time, intrude. To lose, omit, let slip, let go, or neglect the opportunity ; to allow, or suffer the opportunity or occa- sion to pass, slip, go by, escape, or lapse ; to lose time, to fritter away time, 683. Phr. To let slip through the 86 TIME. F. To take tlie opportunitj', to temporize, to time well. To use, make use of, employ, profit by, avail one's self of, lay hold of, embrace, catch, seize, snatch, clutch, pounce upon, grasp, &c., the opportunity, 677. To give, offer, present, afford, hold out, &c., the opportunity. To spend, or consume time, Phr. To turn the occasion to ac- count; to strike the iron while it is hot i to make hay while the sun shines ; carpe diem ; occasionem cognosce. Adj. Opportune, timely, well- timed, timeiul, seasonable, happy, lucky, fortunate, favorable, propitious, auspicious, critical. Adv. Opportunely, &c., on the spot, in proper or due time or season, high time ; for the nonce. Fhr. All in good time ; in the nick of time, in pudding time ; in the fulness of time ; between the cup and the lip ; on the spur of the moment or occasion, 612; at the eleventh hour ; now or never ; the third time of asking. By the way, by the by, en passant, a propos ; pro re nat2 ; pro hac vice, par parenthese. Fhr. Non semper erit cestas. fingers ; to shut thtt stable door when the steed is stolen. Adj. Ill-limed, untimely, intru- sive, mistimed, unseasonable, out of season, inopportune, timeless, intrusive, mal a propos, unlucky, inauspicious, unpropitious, unfor- tunate, unfavorable, uusuited, un- suitable. Unpunclual, too late, 133. Adv. Inopportunely, &c. Phr. As ill luck would have it ; in evil hour ; the time having gone by; out of date. 3. Recurrent Time. 136. Feequency, oftness, re- currence, repetition, 104, reitera- tion, iteration, run, reappearance, renewal, rilornello, burden. Adv. Daily, hourly, &c. Every day, every hour, every moment, &e. V. To recur, revert, return, re- peat, reiterate, reappear, renew, reword. 137. Infeequency, rareness, variety, seldomness. V. To be rare, &c. Adj. Infrequent, rare, unfre- quent. Adv. Seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly ; not often, unfrequently, unoften, scarcely ever, hardly ever. Once, once for all, once in away, pro hac vice. Adj. Frequent, many times, not rare, repeated, reiterated, thick- coming, recurring, recurrent, incessant, &c. Adv. Often, oft, ofttiraes, frequently, oftentimes, repeatedly, not unfrequently, many times, several times. Phr. A number of times, many a lime, full many a time, many a time and oft. Again, anew, afresh, de novo, ditto, over again, da capo, again and again, over and over; ever and anon ; many times over ; time after time ; repeatedly, 104. CHANGE — PEBMANENCE. 87 Perpetually, continually, constantly, incessantly, T\ilhout ceas- ing. Sometimes, occasionally, at times, now and then, from time to time, there being times when, &c., toties quoties. Most often, for the most part, most frequently, generally, usually, commonly, 82. 138. Regularity of recurrence, punctuality. Pebiodicitt, intermittence.beat, pulse, pulsation, rhythm, alterna- tion, alternity, alternateness, alter- nativeness, bout, round, revolution, rotation, turn. Anniversary, centenary. Regularity of return, rota, cycle, period, stated time, routine. F. To recur in regular order or succession, to come round, return, revolve, alternate, come in its turn, beat, pulsate, intermit. Adj. Periodic, periodical, recurrent, cyclical, rhythmical, re- volving, intermittent, remittent, alternate, alternating. Diurnal, quotidian, annual, &c., regular, steady, punctual. Phr. Regular as clockwork. Adv. Periodically, at regular intervals, at stated times, at fixed periods, punctually ; de die in diem ; from day to day. By turns, in turn, in I'otation, alternately, off and on, ride and tie. 139. Ikregulakitt of recur- rence, uncertainty, &c. Adji Irregular, uncertain, un- punctual, capricious, desultory, fit- ful, flickering. Adv. Irregularly, &c., by fits, by snatches, by starts, by catches, skippingly, by skips ; per saUum,10. Section VII. CHANGE. 1. Simple Change. 140. Difference at different times. Change, alteration, mutation, permutation, variation, modifica- tion, modulation, mood, qualifica- tion, innovation, metastasis, devia- tion, turn, inversion, reversion, reversal, eversion, subversion, 162, houleversement, organic change, a sweeping change, revolution, 146, transit, transition, 144. Transformation, transmutation, transfiguration, metamorphosis, transmigration, transubstantiation, transanim ation, metempsychosis, avatar. Vicissitude, flux, unrest, 149; the wheel of fortune. 141. Absence of change, see Stability, 150. Quiescence, 265. Permanence, persistence, en- durance, status quo ; maintenance, preservation, conservation, rest, sleep, &c., stability, settledness, establishment, fixture. Conserva- tism ; vitality. V. To let alone, to let be. FJir. The law of the Medes and Persians. Laudator temporis acti, V. To remain, stay, stop, tarry, hold, last, endure, bide, abide, aby, maintain, keep, hold on, stand, subsist, live, stand still, outlive, survive. Phr. To keep one's footing, to take root; to stand fast. 88 CHANGE. V. To change, alter, vary, mod- ify, modulate, diversify, qualify, tamper with, turn, shift, veer, tack, chop, shuffle, swerve, warp, devi- nte, turn aside, turn topsy-turvy, invert, reverse, intervert, subvert, evert, turn inside out. To work a change ; to modify, vamp, warp, superinduce, resume, disturb, 61, innovate, revolution- ize. Adj. Persisting, &c., unchangrd, unmodified, unrenewed, unalterod, fixed, settled, unvaried, intact, per- sistent, stagnant, rooted, monoto- nous, unreversed, conservative, undestroyed, unrepealed, unsup- pressed, unfailing, stationary, 265 j stereotyped. Ado. In statu quo, for good, finally, at a stand, at a stand-still, Iivt. Usto perpetual Transform, transume, transmute, transfigure, transmogrify, meta- morphose, to ring the changes, pass to, leap to, transfer, 270. To convert into, 144. FJiT. To take a turn ; Nous avons change tout cela ; to turn over a new leaf; to turn the corner ; a change coming over the spirit of one's dream. Adj. Changed, altered, new-fangled, warped, &c. Adv. Mutatis mutandis ; quantum mutatus ! Tempora mutantur, &c. 142. Change from action to rest. Cessation, discontinuance, de- sistance, desinence, quiescence, 265, repose, 687. Intermission, remission, suspen- sion, interruption, suspense, stop, stoppage, pause, rest, lull, respite, truce, drop, interregnum, abey- ance. Comma, colon, semicolon, &c. V. To discontinue, cease, desist, stay, break oif, leave off, hold, stop, pause, rest, drop, lay iside, give up, have done with, give over, re- linquish, 624, surcease. Fhr. To stay one's hand; to shut up shop. To come to a stand or stand- still, suspend, cut short, cast oflf, go out, be at an end ; intromit, in- terrupt, suspendi interpel, inter- mit, remit ; put an end or stop to. To pass away, go off, pass off, blow over, d[f avvaj', wear away, wear ofi', 122. Fhr. To pass away like a shadow or cloud. Int. Hold ! stop ! enough ! avast ! have dor.? ! a truce to ! 143. Continuance in action, continuation, perseverance, repeti- tion, 104, persistence, run. V. To continue, persist, go on, keep on, abide, keep, pursue, hold on, run on, carry on, keep up, up- hold, hold up, persevere, keep it up, maintain, maintain one's ground, harp upon, repeat, 104. Fhr. To let be ; to keep going ; to keep up the ball ; to hold on the even tenor of one's way. Stare super antiquas vias; ne reveilles pcbs le chat qui dart; quieta non movere. Nolumus leges Anglim mutari. Adj. Continuing, &c., uninter- rupted, inconvertible, unintermit- ting, unreversed, unstopped, unre- voked, unvaried, uushifting. SUBSTITUTION — INTEECHANGE. 89 144-. Gradual change to something different. CojfVERSlON, reduction, transmutation, resolution, assimilation ; chemistry, alchemy ; progress, growth, lapse. Passage, transit, transition, transmigration, flux, shifting, sliding, running into, &c. ; phase, conjugation ; convertibility. Laboratory, alembic, &o., 691. V. To be converted into; to become, to wax, come to, turn to, assume the form of, pass into, slide into, glide into, turn into, lapse, shift, run into, fall into, merge into, melt, grow, grow into, open into, resolve itself into, settle into, mature, mellow ; assume the form, shape, state, nature, character, &c., of; to illapse. To convert into, make, render, form, fashion, shape, mould, model, remodel, new-model, refound, reform, reorganize ; to reduce to, resolve into ; assimilate to ; bring to. Adj. Converted iato, become, &c., convertible. Adv. Gradually, gradatini, by degrees, step by step, by inches, inch by inch, by little and little, by slow degrees, consecutivel)', seriatim, in transitu. 145. RiEVERSlON, reversal, return, reconversion, relapse, reaction, recoil, rebound, ricochet, revulsion, alternation, 138, inversion. Fhr. The turning point ; the turn of the tide ; status quo ante hel- ium ; undoing the work of Penelope. Reinstatement, re-establishment, &c., 660. V. To revert, return to, relapse, recoil, rebound, react ; to restore, &c., 660, to undo, unmake. Phr. To turn the tables, 718. Adj. Reverting, &c., restored, &e., placed in statu quo, revulsive. Adv. Uti possidetis. Int. As you were ! 146. Sudden or violent change. Revolution, counter-revolution, transilience, jump, leap, plunge, jerk, start, spasm, convulsion, throe, storm, earthquake, cataclysm, 173. Legerdemain, conjuration, sleight of hand, hocus-pocus, harlequin- ade, witchcraft, &o., 992. V. To revolutionize, new-model. 147. Change of one thing for another. Substitution, commutation, en- allage, metonymy, supplanting, synecdoche. Phr. Borrowing of Peter to pay Paul. Thing substituted. Substitute, 634, succedaneum, make-shift, lo- cum tenens, representative, proxy ; deputy, 759, vice, double, dummy, changeling, stop-gap, jurymast, palimpsest, metaphor, 521. 8* 148. Double and mutual change. I^TERCHANGE, exchange, com- mutation, reciprocation, transposi- tion, permutation, intermutation, shuffling, castling (at chess), hocus- pocus, interchangeableness. Reciprocity, 12, retaliation, 718, barter, 794. Phr. A quid pro quo. V. To interchange, exchange, bandy, transpose, shuffle, change hands, swap, permute, reciprocate commute, counterchange. 90 CHANGE. V. To substitute, commute, sup- plant, supersede, change for. To give place to ; to replace, su- persede, cut out, &c. Fhr. To change hands, 783 ; to serve as a substitute ; to stand in the shoes of; to take the place of j to supply the place of Adj. Substituted, &c., vicarious, Bubdititious. Ado. Instead, in place of, in lieu of, in the room of, mutato nomine; mutatis mutandis. Fhr. To give and take ; to play at puss in the corner. Adj. Interchanged, &c., recip- rocal, mutual, commutative, inter- changeable, intercurrent. Fhr. A Roland for an Oliver ; tit for tat ; vice versa. Adv. In exchange. 2. Complex Change. 149. Changeableness, muta- bility, inconstancy, variableness, mobility, instability, unsteadiness, vacillation, unrest, restlessness, slipperiness, impermanence, fugi- tiveness, fragility, fluctuation, vi- cissitude, alternation, vibration, os- cillation, 314, flux, ebbing and flow- ing, ebbs and flows, ups and downs, fidgets, disquiet, disquietude. A Proteus, chameleon, quicksil- ver, shifting sands, a weathercock, a harlequin, see Tergiversation, 607. Plir. The wheel of Fortune ; the times being changed ; the Cynthia of the minute ; April showers. Alternation, subalternation. V. To fluctuate, vary, waver, flounder, vibrate, flicker, flitter, shift, shuffle, shake, totter, trem- ble, ebb and flow, turn and turn about, change and change about. To fade ; pass away like a cloud, shadow, or dream. Adj. Mutable, changeable, va- riable, checkered, ever-changing, inconstant, unsteady, unstable, pro- teiform, unfixed, fluctuating, vacil- lating, shifting, versatile, restless, erratic, unsettled, mobile, fickle, wavering, fiiokering, flitting, flitter- ing, fluttering, oscillating, vibrato- ry, vagrant, wayward, crazy, desul- tory, afloat, alternating, alterable, plastic. 150. Stability, immutability, uncliangeableness, constancy, per- manence, persistence, 106, invari- ableness, durability, steadiness, im- mobility, fixedness, stableness, set- tledness, stabiliment, firmness, stiff- ness, anchylosis, solidity, a plomb, incommutability, insusceptibility, irrevooableness. Fhr. The law of the Medes and Persians ; nolumus leges Anglioe mutari. Rock, pillar, tower, foundation. V. To be permanent, &c., 265, to stand, remain. To settle, establish, stablish, fix, set, stabilitate, retain, keep, hold, make sure, nail, clinch, rivet, fas- ten, 43, settle down; set on its legs. Adj. Immutable, unchangeable, unaltered, unalterable, not to be changed, constant, permanent, in- variable, undeviating, stable, du- rable, 265, perennial, 110, valid. Fixed, steadfast, firm,fast,steady, confirmed, immovable, irremovable, rooted, stablished, established, in- convertible, stereotyped, indeclin- able, settled, &c., stationary, stag- nant. Moored, at anchor, on a rock, firmly seated, established, &o. Indefeasible, irretrievable, in- transmutable, irresoluble, irrevo- EVENTUALITY — DESTINX . 91 Frail, tottering, shaking, trem- bling, fugitive, ephemeral, tran- sient, 111, fading, fragile, decidu- ous, slippery, unsettled, irresolute, COo. Fhr. Tempora mutantur, et nos viutamur in illis ; changeable as the moon, changeable as a weath- ercock ; sic transit gloria mundi ; here to-day and gone to-morrow. Fresent events. 151. Eventuality, event, oc- currence, incident, affair, transac- tion, proceeding, fact, matter of fact, phenomenon, advent. Business, concern, circumstance, particulai', casualty, accident, ad- venture, passage, crisis, pass, emer- gency, contingency, consequence. The world, life, things, doings, course of things ; the course, tide, stream, current, run, &c., of events. Phr. Stirring events ; the ups and downs of life, the chapter of accidents, the cast of the die', 156. V. To happen, occur, take place, take effect, come, come of, become of, come about, pass, come to pass, fall, fall out; run, be on foot, fall in, befall, hetide, bechance, turn out, prove, eventuate, draw on, turn up, cast up, supervene, survene, issue, arrive, ensue, arise, spring, start ; to come into existence. P^ss off, wear off, come off, blow over. To experience, meet with, go through, endure, 821, suffer, fare. Adj. Happening, occurring, &c., current, incidental, eventful, stirring, bustling. Phr. The plot thickening. Adv. Eventually, in the event of, in case, on foot, on the tapis. Phr. In the course of things; in the long run ; as it may happen; happen what may; if the worst come to the worst; at all events ; sink or swim ; come what may, or will ; as the case may be; at the tree falls; as the cat jumps; as the world goes, 7. cable, irreversible, inextinguisha- ble, irreducible, indissoluble, indis- solvable, indestructible, undying, imperishable, indelible, indecidu- ous, insusceptible of change. Phr. Without a shadow of turn- ing ; qualis ah incepto ; when the Ethiopian changes his skin. Firm as a rock. Future events. 152. Destiny, fatality, fate, doom, destination, lot, fortune, star, planet, stars, preordination, foreordination, predestination, fa- talism, inevitableness ; see Futuri- ty, 121, and Necessity, 601. Phr. The decrees of fate ; the wheel of Fortune. V. To impend, hang over, be in store, await, come on, approach, stare one in the face, foreordain, preordain, predestine, doom. Adj. About to happen, impend- ing, coming, &o., inevitable, avoid- less, unavoidable, inexorable fate, doomed, devoted, spell-bound. Phr. Ohe sara sara; the die being cast ; " It is written ; " it must, or will be so ; it must have its way ; jada alea est. Adv. Necessarily; ex necessitate. 92 CAUSATION. Section VIII. CAUSATION. 1. Constancy of Sequence in Events. 153. Constant antecedent. Cause, origin, source, principle, element, occasioner, prime mov- er, primiim mobile, spring, main- spring, agent, seed, leaven, ground- work, fountain, well, font, fountain- head, spring-head, fans et origo ; parent, 166. Pivot, hinge, turning-point, key, lever. Final cause, ground, reason, the reason why, the why and the where- fore, rationale, occasion, derivation. Rudiment, germ, embryo, bud, root, radix, radical, etymon, nu- cleus, seed, stem, stock, trunk, tap- root. Nest, cradle, nursery, womb, ni- dus, birth-place, hot-bed. Causality, origination, causation, production, 161. Phr. Behind the scenes ; le des- sous des cartes. V. To be the cause of, to origi- nate, give origin to, cause, occasion, give rise to, kindle, suscitate, bring on, bring to pass, give occasion to, produce, bring about, set up, found, lay the foundation of, lie at the root of, procure, induce, draw down, evoke, entail, develop, operate, 161, to elicit. To conduce, contribute, tend to, 176. P?ir. To have a hand in ; to have a finger in the pie j to open the door to j to be at the bottom of, to sow the seeds of. Adj. Caused, occasioned, &c., causal, original, primary, pri- mordial, having a common origin, connate, radical, embryonic, embryotic, in ovo. 154. Constant sequent. Effect, consequence, product, result, resultant, resultance, up- shot, issue, end, 67, fruit, crop, harvest, development, outgrowth. Production, produce, work, per- formance, creature, creation, off- shoot, fabric, first fruits, firstlings, premices, denouement, derivation. V. To be the efiect, work, fruil, result, &c., of, to be owing to, ori- ginate in or from ; to rise, arise, take its rise, spring, proceed, ema- nate, come, grow, bud, sprout, is- sue, flow, result, follow, or accrue, &c., from ; to come to ; to come of, to come out of, be derived from, be caused by, depend upon, hinge upon, turn upon, result from, to be dependent upon, hang upon. Adj. Owing to, resulting from, through, &c., all along of, deriva- tive, hereditary. Adv. Of course, consequently, necessarily ; eventually. Fhr. Cela va sans dire ; thereby hangs a tale. 155. Assignment of cause. Attribution, theory, etiology, ascription, reference to, rationale, accounting for, palaitiology,* im- 156. Absence of assignable cause. CHANCE,t indetermination, ac- cident, fortune, hazard, hap, hap- * WIiowcU, " History of the Inductive Scionccs," lii. 481. + Xiie word Chance hnn two distinct mctmings; tlie first, tlic absence of assign- able cause, na above; and tlic Bccoud, tlic absence of design i for the latter, see 621. POWEK — IMPOTENCE. 93 putation, derivation from, filiation, genealogy, pedigree, paternity, 166. V. To attribute, ascribe, impute, refer to, derive from, lay to, point to, charge on, ground on, invest with, assign as cause, trace to, father upon, account for, theorize. Fhr. To point out the reason, ground, &c. ; to lay to the door of; to tell how it comes ; to put the saddle on the right horse. Adj. Attributable, imputable, ascribable, assignable, referable (or referrible), owing to, due to, derivable from, &c. Putative, attributed, imputed, &c. Adv. Hence, thence, therefore, because, from that cause, for that reason, on that account, owing to, thanks to, for as much as, whence, pj-opter hoc. Why ? wherefore ? whence ? how comes it ? how is it ? how happens it ? how does it happen ? In some way, somehow, some- how or other ; in some such way. FJir. Tenterden steeple being the cause of the Goodwin sands. hazard, chance-medley, random,lot, fate, 152, casualty, contingence, adventure, venture, pot-luck, hit. A lottery, toss up ; game of chance ; sortcs; rouge ct noir ; haz- ard. Phr. The turn of the table ; the turn, or hazard of the die or cards ; the chapter of accidents ; a cast, or throw of the dice ; heads or tails, &c. ; the wheel of Fortune. Possibility, contingencj', odds, long odds; a near, or close run. V. To chance, hap; to fall to one's lot, to be one's fate, &c., 152, to light upon. To game, gamble, cast lots, raffle, play for. Fhr. To take one's chance, to be on the cards, to toss up for, to stand the hazard of the die. Adj. Casual, fortuitous, random, accidental, adventitious, causeless, incidental, contingent, uncaused, undetermined, indeterminate, pos- sible, 470. Adv. By chance, by accident, perchance,, peradventure, perhaps, may be, mayhap, haply, possibly. Casually, &c., at random, at a venture, as it may be, as it may chance, as it may turn up, as it may happen ; as chance, luck, fortune. &c., would have it. jP7tr. The die is cast : Jacta est alea. 2. Connection betiveen Cause and Effect. 157. PowEE, potentiality, po- tency, prepotency, prepollence, pu- issance, might, force, energy, 171, dint, right hand, arm, ascendency, vantage ground, sway, control, al- mighlinoss, ability, ableness, com- petency, efficiency, effectiveness, efficacy, efficaciousness, validity, cogency, enablement. Agency, 170, Causality, 153, In- fluence, 175, Voluntary power, 737. 158. Impotence, inability, dis- ability, disablement, impuissance, imbecility, inaptitude, incapacity, incapability, invalidity, inefficacy, inefficiency, inefficaciousness, inef- feotualness, helplessness, incompe- tence, disqualification. Telum imbelle; hrutumfulmen; sine idu. V. To be impotent, powerless, &c. 94 CAtJSATIOK. Pressuve, high pressure. Capability, capacity, faculty, qual- ity, attribute, endowment, virtue, gift, property. F. To be powerful, &c., to exer- cise power, sway, &c., to constrain. To be the property, virtue, attri- bute, &c., of; to belong to, pertain to ; to lie^ or be in one's power. To give or confer power; to empower, enable, invest, indue, endow, arm, &e. ; see Strengthen, 159. To gain power, to take root. Adj. Productive, prolific, 168, powerful, potent, puissant, poten- tial, capable, able, cogent, valid, effective, effectual, efficient, effica- cious, adequate, competent. Forcible, energetic, vigorous, vivid, sturdy, rousing, all-powerful, resistless, irresistible, inextinguish- able, sovereign, invincible, uncon- querable, indomitable. Adv. Powerfully, &c. By virtue of; in full force. 159. Degree of power. Strength, energy, 171, vigor, force, main force, physical force, brute force, spring, elasticity, tone, tension, tonicity. Stoutness, sturdiness, lustihood, stamina, nerve, muscle, thews and sinews, pith, pithiness. Adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak. An athlete, an Atlas, Hercules, Antseus, Samson, Cyclops, Goliath. Phr. A giant refreshed ; a tower of strength. Strengthening, invigoration, bracing, recruiting, refreshment, refooillation, 689. Science of forces; Dynamics, Statics. V. To be strong, &c., to be stronger, to overmatch. To render strong, &c., to give strength, tone, &c., to strengthen, invigorate, brace, nerve, fortify. To render powerless, &c., to de. prive of power, disable, disenable, disarm, incapacitate, disqualify, in- validate, deaden, cripple, cramp, paralyze, muzzle, hamstring. Plir. To spike the guns; clip the wings of; to put hors de combat ; to break the neck of; to break the back ; to put a spoke in one's wheel. See Weaken, 160. Adj. Powerless, impotent, una- ble, incapable, incompetent, inade- quate, unequal to, inefficient, ineffi- cacious, inept, ineffectual, ineffec- tive, incapacitated, imbecile, dis- qualified, disabled, harmless, dis- armed, unarmed, weaponless, de- fenceless, unnerved, paralyzed, disjointed, out of joint, nerveless, adynamic, unendowed. Phr. Laid on the shelf; laid on one's back ; of no effect ; one's hands being tied ; hors de combat , not having a leg to stand on. 160. Weakness, feebleness, debility, atony, relaxation, help- lessness, languor, slackness, ener- vation, nervousness, faintness. faintishness, infirmity, emascula- tion, effeminacy, feminality, soft- ness, defencelessness. Childhood, &c., 127, 129, an or- phan ; a chicken. Declension, loss, failure, &o., of strength ; delicacy, invalidation, decrepitude, asthenia, palsy, pa- ralysis, exhaustion, collapse, pros- tration, syncope, deliquium, apo- plexy. A reed, a thread, a rope of sand, a house of cards. V. To be weak, &c., to droop, fade, faint, swoon, languish, decline, fail, drop, to go by the hoard, to clip the wings of. To render weak, &c., to weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, deprive of strength, relax, enervate, unbrace, PKODUCTION — DESTBTJCTION. 95 harden, case-harden, steel, gird, screw up, -wind up, set up. Phr. To set on one's legs. To re-enforce, refit, recruit, -vivify, refresh, restore, 660, refect, refo- cillate, 689. Adj. Strong, mighty, vigorous, hard, stout, robust, sturdy, power- ful, puissant, adamantine, irresist- ible, invincible, proof against. Able-bodied, athletic, Hercule- an, Cyclopean, musculai-, brawny, sinewy, strapping, stalwart, gigan- tic. Manly, manlike, masculine, male, virile, manful. Unweakened, unallajed, un- withered, unshaken, unworn, unex- hausted. Phr. Made of iron j strong as a lion ; strong as a horse ; strong as brandy ; sound as a roach ; in fine feather. Adv. Strongly, forcibly, &c., by main force, vi et armis, by might and main, tooth and nail. unman, emasculate, castrate, geld, maim, lame, hamstring, disable, disarm, unhinge, cripple, cramp, paralyze, reduce, sprain, exhaust, shatter, prostrate, blunt the edge of, dilute, deaden. Adj. Weak, feeble, rickety, tot- tering, debile, powerless, strength- less, nerveless, imbecile, helpless, incapable, inadequate, aidless, un- nerved, relaxed, unstrung, un- braced, enervated, nervous, sinew- less, marrowless, lustless, effemi- nate, feminine, womanly, un- manned, &c., shattered, broken, halting, shaken, crazy, shaky, par- alyzed, palsied, paralytic, decrepit, drooping, languid, poor, infirm, faint, sickly, flagging, dull, slack, evanid, spent, effete, weather- beaten, decayed, rotten, worn, seedy, exhausted, languishing, wasted, washy, vincible, untenable, laid low, asthenic. Unstrengthened, unsustained, unarmed, unsupported, unaided, aidless, unassisted, defenceless, in- defensible, unfortified, unfriended, fatherless, &o. PJir. On one's last legs ; weak as a child ; weak as a baby ; weak as a chicken; weak as a cat; weak as water; weak as water gruel ; weak as gingerbread ; weak as milk and water j not having a leg to stand upon ; good for nothing. 3. Power in Operation, 161. Pboduction, creation, con- struction, formation, fabrication, manufacture, building, architec- ture, edification, coinage, organiza- tion, putting together, establish- ment, performance, 729, workman- ship. Development, genesis, genera- tion, epigenesis, procreation, pro- generation, propagation, bringing forth, parturition ; growth. V. To produce, effect, perform, operate, do, make, gar, form, con- struct, fabricate, frame, manufao- 162, Non-production. Destkuction, waste, dissolu- tion, breaking up, consumption, disorganization, falling to pieces, crumbling, &c. Fall, downfall, ruin, perdition, crash, smash, havoc, delahrement, desolation, houleversement, wreck, shipwreck, cataclysm, extinction, annihilation ; doom, destruction of life ; see Death, 360. Demolition, demolishment, over- throw, subversion, suppression, dismantling, cutting up, corrosion, 96 CAUSATION. ture, weave, forge, coin, carve, chisel, build, raise, edify, rear, erect, put together, set up, run up, establish. To constitute, compose, organize, institute, work out, realize, bring to bear, bring to pass, accomplish, 729, to bear fruit. To create, beget, generate, en- gjnder, bring into being, bring into existence, breed, bear, pro- create, bring forth, give birth to, hatch, develop, bring up, progen- erate. To induce, superinduce, susci- tate ; see Cause, 153. Adj. Produced, &c., producing, productive of, &c., parturient. erosion, crushing, upsetting, aboli- tion, abolishment, sacrifice, immo- lation, holocaust, dilapidation, de- vastation, razzia, extermination, eradication, extirpation, rooting out, averruncation, sweeping, &o., death-blow, cotip de grace. The crack of doom. V. To be destroyed, &g., perish, fall to pieces, break up, crumble, break down, double up, cast to the dogs. Fhr. To go to the dogs ; to go to pot ; to go by the board j to go to wreck ; to be all over with ; one'.s doom being sealed. To destroy, do away with, nullify, sacrifice, demolish, overturn, upset, throw down, overthrow, overwhelm, subvert, put an end to, uproot, eradicate, extirpate, root out, grub up, break up, pull down, crumble, smash, crack, crash, crush, quell, quash, squash, cut up, shatter, shiver, batter, tear or shake to pieces, nip, tear to tatters, pull or pick to pieces, put down, suppress, strike out, throw or knock down, cut down, stifle, dispel, fell, sink, swamp, scuttle, ingulf, corrode, erode, consume, devour, ravage, sacrifice, immolate, burke, blow down, sweep away, erase, expunge, mow down, beat down. To waste, lay waste, ravage, dilapidate, dismantle, disorganize, devour, swallow up, desolate, devastate, sap, mine, blast, ex- punge, despatch, exterminate, annul, extinguish, quench, anni- hilate, kill, 361, unroot, averruncate. Phr. To trample under foot ; to lay the axe to the root of, to make short work of, make a clean sweep of, to cut up root and branch, to make mince meat of, to scatter to the winds, to throw overboard ; to knock on the head ; to give a death blow to j to nip in the bud ; to strike at the root of; to sap the foundations of; to pluck up by the roots ; to ravage with fire and sword. Adj. Unproduced, unproductive, destroyed, &o., done for dished, &o. Int. Delenda est Carthago ! 163. Eeproduction, renovation, revival, regeneration, revivifica- tion, resuscitation, reanimation, resurrection, reappearance. A Phoe- nix. V. To reproduce, revive, renovate, regenerate, revivify, resuscitate quicken ; come again into life, reappear. Phr. To spring up like a mushroom. Adj. Reproduced, &c., renascent, reappearing. l'"ormative, creative, genial. ENERGY — INEETNESS. 97 164. Producer, originator, au- thor, founder, workman, doer, ma- ker, performer, &o., forger, agent, 690, builder, architect. 166. Paternity, parentage, pa- rent, father, sire, dad j procreator, progenitor, ancestor, grandsire ; house, parent, stem, trunk, stock, pedigree, lineage ; ancestry, fore- fathers. Slotherhood, maternity; mother, dam. Papa, mamma. Adj. Lineal, parental, paternal, ancestral. 168. Productiveness, fecun- dity, fruitfulness, fertility, prolific- ness. Pregnancy, pullulation, fructifi- cation, multiplication, propagation, procreation. A milch cow, a rabbit, a warren, a hydra. V. To procreate, multiply, pul- lulate, fructify, generate, 165, Destroyer, extinguisher, exterminator, assassin, 361, execu- tioner, 97o, ravager, annihilator, subverter, &c. 167. Posterity, progeny,breed, issue, offspring, brood, litter, seed, spawn, scion, offset, child, son, daughter, bantling, shoot, sprout, sprit, branch, offshoot, ramifica- tion, descendant. Straight descent, sonship, line, lineage, filiation, primogeniture. Plir. A chip of the old block. 169. Unproductiveness, infer- tility, barrenness, sterility, unfruit- fulness, unprofitableness, infecundi- ty ; see Inutility, 645, non-agency. V. To be unproductive, &c. Adj. Unproductive, inoperative, barren, addle, unfertile, unprolific, arid, sterile, unfruitful, teemless, infecund, issueless, unprofitable, 645 ; of no efiect. Adj. Productive, prolific, teem- ing, teemful, fertile, fruitful, fecund, luxuriant, pregnant. Procreant, procreative, generative, propagable, life-giving, multiparous. 170. Agency, operation, force, working, strain, function, office, hand, intervention, exercise, work, swing, play, interworking, causa- tion, 153, mediation, 631 ; see Action, 680. Modus operandi, quickening power, maintaining power, home stroke. V. To be in action, to operate, work, act, perform, play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike, strike hard, strike home. Ehr. To be at work ; to bring to bear upon ; to come into play or operation; to make an impression. Adj. Acting, operating, &o. ; in operation, operative, efficient, effica- cious, effectual, in force. Acted upon, wrought upon. 171. Physical Energy, activity, keenness, intensity, sharpness, pun- gency, vigor, strength, elasticity, acrimony, causticity, virulence, cor- rosiveness, acritude, poignancy, harshness, severity, edge, point, raciness. Seasoning, pepper, mustard, cay- enne, caviare, 392, cantharides. 9 172. Physical Inertness, iner- tia, passiveness, vis inertice, iner- tion, inactivit)', 683, torpor, laten- cy, torpidity, dulness, deadness, heaviness, flatness, slackness, tame- ncss, slowness, languor, lentor, qui- escence, 265, sleep, 683; suspense, intermission, 141. Mental inertness ; 605, 683, 826. 98 CAUSATION. Mental energy, 604, mental ex- citation, 824, voluntaiy energy, 682. Exertion, activity, stir, bustle, agitation, effervescence, fermenta- tion, ferment, ebullition, splutter, perturbation, briskness, voluntary activity, 682, quicksilver. Adj. Strong, energetic, active, keen, vivid, intense, severe, sharp, acute, irritating, pungent, poignant, mordant, acrid, acrimonious, viru- lent, caustic, corrosive, racy, brisk, harsh, stringent, double-edged, double-distilled, drastic, es- charotic. V. To give energy, energize, stimulate, excite, exert, 173. Ph: Fortiter in re; with telling effect; the steam being up. V, To be inert, inactive, passive, &c. ; to hang fire, to smoulder ; to let alone. Adj. Inert, inactive, passive, torpid, sluggish, dull, heavy, flat, slack, tame, slow, blunt, lifeless, &c. Latent, dormant, smouldering, unexerted, unstrained, uninflueu- tial. Adv. Inactively,&c., in suspense, in abeyance. 173. Violence, inclemency, ve- hemence, might, impetuosity, bois- terousness, abruptness, efferves- cence, ebullition, turbulence, blus- ter, uproar, riot, rumpus, fierceness, ferocity, rage, wildness, fury, ex- acerbation, exasperation, maligni- ty, fit, paroxysm, orgasm, force, brute force, coup de main, strain, shock, shog, spasm, convulsion, throe. Outbreak, burst, outburst, bounce, dissilience, discharge, volley, explosion, blow up, blast, detonation, rush, eruption, displo- sion, torrent. Turmoil, tumult, storm, tempest, squall, hurricane, tornado, earth- quake, volcano, thunder-storm, ty- phoon. A fury, dragon, demon, tiger, beldame, Tisiphone, Megcera, Alecto. V. To be violent, &c., to run high, ferment, effervesce, run wild, run riot, rush, tear, rush headlong, bluster, rage, riot, storm, boil, fume, foam, wreak, bear down. I'hr. To spread like wildfire. To break out, fly out, bounce, explode, go off, displode, fly, detonate, blow up, flash, flare. 174. Moderation, gentleness, temperateness, calmness, mildness, softness, sobriety, slowness, tame- ness, quiet, reason. Relaxation, remission, meas- ure, mitigation, tranquillization, assuagement, soothing, allaying, &c., contemperation, pacification, 723, restraint, check, 751, lullaby. Mental calmness; 826. Sedative, lenitive, demulcent, opiate, anodyne, milk, opium, V. To be moderate, &o., to keep within bounds or within compass, to settle down, to keep the peace, to sober down, remit, relent. To moderate, soften, soothe, mit- igate, appease, temper, accoy, at- temper, contemper, mollify, lenify, dull, take off the edge, blunt, obtund, sheathe, subdue, tone down. To tranquillize, assuage, appease, lull, soothe, compose, still, calm, cool, quiet, hush, quell, sober, pacify, tame, damp, lay, allay, re- bate, slacken, repress, smooth, soften, alleviate, rock to sleep, deaden, 376, check, restrain, slake, curb, bridle, rein in, hold in, re- press, smother, counteract, 179. Phr. Meitre de I'eau dans son rNFLUENCE — ABSENCE OE INELTTENCB. 99 buKt, burst out, shock, shog, strain. To render violent, sharpen, stir «jp, quicken, excite, incite, stimu- late, inflame, kindle, lash, suscitate, urge, accelerate, foment, aggra- vate, exasperate, exacerbate, con- vulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury, explode, let off, let fly, dis- charge, detonate, detonize, fulmi- nate. Plir. To break the peace, to out- Ilerod Herod, to run a muck : to add fuel to the flame. Adj. Violent, vehement, warm, acute, sharp, rough, rude, boister- ous, impetuous, ungentle, abrupt, rampant, blufl', turbulent, bluster- ing, riotous, thundering, obstrep- erous, uproarious. Savage, fierce, ferocious, fiery, fuming, excited, unquelled, un- quenched, unextinguished, unrepressed, boiling, boiling over, furious, outrageous, frantic, raging, running riot, storming, hysteric, wild, headstrong, running wild, ungovernable, un- appeasable, unmitigable, uncontrollable, insuppressible, irre- pressible, desperate, mad, infuriate, exasperated. Tempestuous, tumultuous, stormy, squally, spasmodic, con- vulsive, bursting, explosive, detonating, &c., volcanic, mete- oric. ' Phr. Fierce as a tiger ; all the fat being in the fire. Adv. Violently, &c., by force, by main force, &c., with a ven- geance. Phr. By might and main, tooth and nail, vi ei armis, at the point of the sword ; at one fell swoop. vin. To pour oil on thj vccves ; to pour balm into. Adj. Moderate, gentk, mild, cool, sober, temperate, reasonable, tempered, calm, unruffled, quiet, tranquil, smooth. Untroubled, un- exciting, unirritating, soft, bland, oily, demulcent, lenitive, lenient, anodyne, hypnotic, sedative, tame, peaceful, peaceable, pacific, hal- cyon. Phr. Gentle as a lamb, mild aa mother's milk : milk and water. Adv. Moderately, gently, softly, &c. Plir. Suaviter in modv ; est mo- dus in rebus. 4. Indirect Power. 175. a. Absence of Influencji. 172, 158, and 160. V. To have no influence, &c. Adj. Uninfluential, uncondu cing, unconducive ; unconduoting to. 175. Influence, weight, pres- sure, prevalence, sway, predomi- nance, predominancy, dominance, reign, ableness, capabilitv, &c., 157. Footing, hold, purchase, fulcrum, point d'appui, nov ata, locus stan- di, leverage, 215, vantage ground, ascendency. Phr. A tower of strength. Independence, voluntary influence, 737, protection, patronage, auspices. V. To hii,Ye influence, &c., to tell ; to have a hold upon, &c., to bear upon, to gain a footing, work upon, take root, take 100 CAUSATION. hold, prevail, dominate, predominate, outweigh, overweigh, to rage, to be rife. Phr. To be in the ascendant; to spread like wildfire. Adj. Influential, valid, weighty, prevailing, prevalent, rife, dominant, regnant, predominating, predominant, in the ascen- dant. Adv. With telling effect. 176. Tendency, aptness, proneness, proclivity, conduciveness, bent, bias, quality, inclination, propensity, conducement, subservience, 614. V. To tend, contribute, conduce, lead, dispose, incline, verge, bend to, affect, carry, promote, redound to, subserve to, to bid fair to. Adj. Tending, contributing, conducing, conducive, working towards, calculated to, disposing, inclining, bending, leading, carrying to, sub- servient, subsidiary, 644, 707. Adv. For, whither, in a fair way to. 177. Liability, Hableness, subjection to, dependence on, exposure to, contingency, see Chance, 156, susceptivity, susceptibility, obnox- iousness. V. To be liable, &c., to hang upon; to incur, to lay one's self open to, to lie under, expose one's self, &o., stand a chance, to open a door to. Adj. Liable, subject, open to, incident to, exposed to, apt to, de- pendent on, obnoxious to, unexempt. Contingent, incidental, guardless, 665. Ehr. Within range of; at the mercy of. 5. Combinations of Causes. 178. CONCDEEENCE, co-opera- tion, union, agreement, pulling to- gether, alliance. Voluntary concurrence, 709. V. To concur, co-operate, con- spire, agree, conduce, contribute, unite; to pull together, to join forces. Phr. To have a hand in ; to be, or row in the same boat ; to go hand in hand with, 709. Adj. Concurring, concurrent, co-operating, conspiring, agreeing, pulling together, &c., in alliance with; i;ith one consent. 179. Counteraction, opposi- tion, antagonism, polarity, clashing, &c., collision, resistance, interfer- ence, friction, renitence. Neutralization, nullification, compensation, 30. Reaction, retroaction, 277, con- trecoup, repercussion, rebound, re- coil, ricochet, counterblast. Check, obstacle, hinderance, 706, vis inertice. Voluntary counteraction, 708. V. To counteract, oppose, con- travene, antagonize, interfere with, run counter, clash, neutralize, nul- lify, render null, withstand, resist, hinder, &c., 706, rejjress, control, curb, check, rein in, 174. To react, 277, countervail, counterpoise, &e., 30, overpoise. Adj. Counteracting, opposing, &c., antagonistic, opposite, SPACE — KEGI03S'. 101 conflicting, retroactive, renitent, cohibitive, counter, con- trar)', 14. Adv. Counter, notwithstanding, nevertheless, nathless, yet, still, although, though, albeit, howbeit, maugre, at all events. But, even, however, quoad minus, quand mime, in spite of, in defiance of, in the teeth of, in despite of, non obstante, against, 708. Phr. Be that as it may ; for all that ; even so ; in spite of one's teeth. CLASS SECON'D. WORDS RELATING TO SPACE. Section I. SPACE IN GENERAL. 1. Abstract Space. 180. Indefinite space. Space, extension, extent, ex- panse, room, scope, range, latitude, field, way, expansion, compass, sweep, play, swing, spread. Spare room, elbow-room, house- room, stowage, tonnage, roomage, margin. Open space, free space, void space, vacuity, 2, opening, waste, wildness, moor, moorland, campania. Abyss, unlimited space, the four winds. Infinity, 105, Ubiquity, 186. Adj. Spacious, roomy, extensive, expansive, capacious, ample. Boundless, unlimited, unbound- ed, limitless, infinite, ubiquitous, shoreless, trackless, pathless. Adv. Extensively, &c , wherever, e^ erywhere. Phr. The length and breadth of the land ; far and near ; far and wide ; right and left ; all over ; all 9* 180. a. Inextension. 181. Definite space. Region, sphere, ground, area, realm, hemisphere, quarter, dis- trict, orb, circuit, circle, compart- ment, domain, tract, department, territory, country, canton, county, shire,province,arrondis5emeraf, par- ish, township, principality, duchy, kingdom. Arena, precincts, enceinte, walk, patch, plot, enclosure, field. Clime, climate, zone, meridian. 182. Limited space, locality. Place, lieu, spot, point, dot, nook, corner, angle, recess, hole, niche, compartment, premises, pre- cinct, station, venue, latitude and longitude, abode, 189. Indefinite place. Adv. Somewhere, in some place j wherever it may be. 102 SPACE IN GENEEAL. the world over ; throughout the world ; under the sun ; in every quarter, in all quarters ; in all lands ; here, there, and every- where ; from pole to pole ; from China to Peru. 2. Relative Space. 183. Situation, position, locality, status, latitude and longitude, footing, standing, post, stage, bearings, aspect, attitude, posture. Place, site, station, seat, venue, the whereabouts, direction, azimuth, fee, 278. Topography, Geography, Chorography. A map, chart, plan, 554. F. To be situated, to lie ; to have its seat in. Adj. Local, topical. Ade. In situ, in loco, here and there, passim, whereabouts. 184. Location, localization, lodgment, deposition, reposition, stowage, package, collocation, packing, lading, establishment, settlement, fixation, grafting, in- sertion, 300, encampment, installa- tion. A colony, settlement, canton- ment, 189. A habitation, residence, dwell- ing, lodge. Cohabitation. V. To place, situate, locate, put, lay, set, seat, station, lodge, post, install, house, stow, establish, fix, root, plant, graft, stick in, insert, wedge in, shelve, pitch, camp, de- posit, reposit, cradle, encamp, moor, pack, tuck in, embed, or imbed, vest. To billet on, quarter upon. To pocket, put up, bag ; to load, lade, freight, pack. To inhabit, reside, 186, domesti- 185. Displacement, elocation, amotion, dislodgment, ejectment, 297, deportation, exile. Removal, remotion, transposi- tion, &c., relegation ; see Trans- ference, 270, and Exhaustion, 638. V. To displace, dislodge, dis- plant, unhouse, unkennel, eject, expel, &c., 297, exile, relegate, oust, ablegate, osti-acize, remove, take ofi', take away, transfer, ti'ans- plant, transport, transpose, 270, empty, clear, sweep off, sweep away ; blow away ; do away with, root out, unpeople, depopulate, 893. To vacate, leave, 293, to get out, heave out, break bulk, bale, lade, pour out, 297. Phr. To make a clean sweep of. Adj. Displaced, &c., unhoused, houseless. cate, put up at, colonize. Phr. To pitch one's tent j to put up one's horses at. To replace, reinstate, restore, 660. Adj. Placed, located, &c., situate, situated, posted, posited, nestled, embosomed, housed, moored, rooted, unremoved. 3. Existence in Space, 186. Presence, occupancy, oc- cupation, attendance, whereness. 187. NuUibiety.* Absence, non-existence, 2, non< * Bishop Wilkins. INHABITAITT — ABODE. 103 _ Diffusion, permeation, perva- sion, dissemination, 73. Ubiquity, ubiety, ubiquitariness, omnipresence. V To exist in space, to be pres- ent, attend, remain. To occur in a place, lie, stand, occupy. To inhabit, dwell, reside, stay, sojourn, live, abide, lodge, nestle, perch, roost, put up at, squat, plant one's self, hive, burrow, camp, encamp, bivouac, anchor, settle, take up one's quarters, pitch one's tent, get a footing, resort to, fre- quent, haunt, tenant, take root, strike root, revisit. To fill, pervade, permeate, be diffused through, be disseminated through, overspread, run through. Adj. Present, occupying, inhab- iting, &c., moored, atanchor,resiant, residence, residentiary, domiciled. Ubiquitous, omnipresent. Adv. Here, there, where ? every- where, aboard, on board, at home, afield, &c., on the spot, in propria persona. Phr. Here, there, and every- where ; at every turn. 188. Inhabitant, resident, residentiary, dweller, indweller, occupier, occupant, householder, lodger, inmate, tenant, sojourner, commorant, settler, squatter, back- woodsman, colonist, denizen, citi- zen, cit, townsman, burgess, villa- ger, cotter, compatriot. Native, indigene, aborigines, autochthones. Garrison, crew, population, col- ony, settlement ; household. A new comer, 57. Adj. Indigenous, native, autoch- thonous, domestic, domiciliated, domesticated ; domiciliary. residence, non-attendance, absen- teeism, alibi. Emptiness, void, vacuum, void- ness, vacuity, vacancy, vacuous- ness. An absentee, nobody. F. To be absent, not present, &c., to keep away, to keep out of the way, absent one's self, vacate. FJir. To take one's self off, to make one's self scarce, to stay away. Adj. Absent, not present, away, gone from home, missing, lost, non-resident. Phr. Nowhere to be found, non est inventus, not a soul, nobody present, ame qui vive, nobody on earth, the bird being flown. Empty, void, vacant, untenanted, tenantless, empty, uninhabited, de- serted, devoid, unoccupied, unhab- itable. Adv. Without, minus, nowhere, elsewhere. Phr. One's back being turned ; behind one's back. 189. Place of habitation, or re- sort. Abode, dwelling, lodging, dom- icile, residence, address, habita- tion, local habitation, ward, berth, seat, lap, sojourn, housing, quar- ters, head-quarters, resiance, tab- ernacle, throne, ark. Home, fatherland, country, homestead, homestall, fireside, snuggery, hearth. Lares et penates, household gods, roof, household, housing, dulce domum. Nest, nidus, lair, eyry, den, hole, aerie, rookery, )ivie,habitat, haunt, resort, retreat, perch, roost. Nidi- fication. Bivouac, camp, encampment, cantonment, castrametation, tent, wigwam, awning. Cave, cavern, cell, grove, grot, grotto, alcove, bower, arbor, eove, chamber, &c., 191. 104 SPACE IN GENEBAL. Building, structure, edifice, fabric, erection, pile, tenement, messuage, farm, farm-house, grange. Cot, cabin, hut, chalet, croft, shed, booth, stall, hovel, out- house, pen, barn, bawn, hole, kennel, sty, dog-hole, cote, stable, offices. House, mansion, place, villa, cottage, box, lodge, hermitage, folly, rotunda, tower, temple, chateau, castle, pavilion, hotel, court, hall, palace ; kiosk, bungalow. Inn, hostel, hotel, tavern, public house, caravansary, hospice, posada, barrack, casemate. Hamlet, village, thorp, dorp, ham, kraal, borough, burgh, town, city, metropolis, sutjurb, province, country. Street, place, terrace, parade, road, row, lane, alley, court, wynd, close, yard, passage, rents. Square, polygon, circus, crescent, mall, piazza, arcade, gar- dens. Anchorage, roadstead, dock, basin, wharf, quay, port. Jdj. Urban, metropolitan, suburban, provincial, rural, rustic. 190. Things contained. Contents, cargo, lading, freight, load, bale, burden, ware, 798. 191. Receptacle, recipient, receiver, reservatory, compartment. Cell, cellule, follicle, hole, corner, niche, recess, nook, crypt, stall, dog-hole, pigeon-hole, lodging, 189, bed, bunker, caraffe, berth, &c., 215, pew ; store-room. Capsule, vesicle, cyst, cancdli, utricle, bladder, utensil, alembic. Stomach, paunch, ventricle, crop, craw, maw, gizzard, bread-basket. Pocket, pouch, fob, sheath, scabbard, socket, bag, sac (or sack), sac- cule, wallet, scrip, poke, kit, knapsack, haversack, satchel, reticule, port- folio, budget. Chest, box, coifer, caddy, case, casket, pyx (or pix), caisson, desk, bureau, cabinet, reliquary, trunk, portmanteau, bandbox, valise, boot, imperial, vache, creel, crate, cage, hutch. Vessel, vase, bushel, barrel, canister, jar, can, pottle, basket, pannier, corbeille, hamper, dosser, dorser, tray, hod. For liquids : cistern, tank, vat, caldron, barrel, cask, keg, rundlet, fii'kin, kilderkin, carboy, amphora, bottle, jar, decanter, ewer, cruise, crock, kit, canteen, flagon, flask, flasket, stoup, noggin, vial (or phial), cruet, caster, urn. Tub, bucket, pail, pot, tankard, jug, pitcher, mug, pipkin, galipot (or gallipot), matrass, receiver, alenibec, bolthead, capsule, kettle. Bowl, basin, jorum, punch-bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, tumbler, glass, rummer, horn, can, pan, plate, platter, dish, trencher, patera, calabash, porringer, saucepan, skillet, posnet, tureen, potager, saucer, scuttle, shovel, trowel, spoon, spatula, ladle. Closet, comtiiode, cupboard, cellaret, chiffonnier, locker, bin, bufiet, press, safe, sideboard, drawer, chest of drawers, till. Chamber, story, apartment, room, cabin, bower, office, court, hall, saloon, salon, parlor, state-room, presence-chamber, drawing-room, SIZE — LITTLENESS. 103 sitting-room, gallery, cabinet, closet, boudoir, adytum, sanctum, limiber- rcom,_ bed-room, dormitory, refectory, dining-room, pew. Attic, loft, garret, cockloft. Cellar, vault, hold, cockpit, ground-floor, rez de chaussee, basement, kitchen, pantry, scullery, offices. Portico, porch, veranda, lobby, court, hall, vestibule, corridor, pas- sage, anteroom, antechamber. Adj. Capsular, saccular, sacculated, recipient, ventricular, cystic, vascular, cellular, camerated, locular, mutilocular, polygastric; marsu- pial. Section II. DIMENSIONS. 1. General Dimensions. 192. Size, magnitude, dimen- sion, bulk, volume, largeness, great- ness, 31, expanse, amplitude, mass, massiveness. Capacity, capaciousness, tonnage (or tunnage), calibre, scantling. Turgidity, turgidness, expansion, 194, corpulence, obesity, plump- ness, embonpoint, stoutness, hyper- trophy; corporation,flesh and blood, brawniness. Hugeness, vastness, enormous- ness, enormity, immensity, mon- strousness, monstrosity ; infinity, 105. A giant, Brobdingnagian, An- tffius, monster, mammoth, Cyclops, whale, leviathan, elephant, por- poise, colossus, tun, lump, bulk, block, mass, bushel, thumper, whopper, spanker. P/ir. A Triton among the min- nows. A mountain, mound, heap, 72. Phr. The lai-gest portion, &o. ; the lion's share. F. To be large, &c., to become large ; see Expansion, 194. Adj. Large, big, great, consid- erable, bulky, voluminous, ample, massive, massy, capacious, compre- hensive, mighty, thumping. Titanic. Corpulent, stout, fat, plump, lus- ty, strapping, bouncing, portly, bur- ly, brawny, fleshy, goodly, in good 193. Littleness, smallness, mi- nuteness, diminutiveness, exiguity, inexterision, parvitude, jiarvity, puniness, dwarfishness, undersize, epitome, duodecimo, rudiment, microcosm. Leanness, thinness, emaciation, macilency, marcor, meagreness, flaocidity, atrophy, marasmus. A dwarf, runt, pygmy, Liliputian, chit, pigwidgeon, urchin, elf, doll, puppet, Tom Thumb, manikin, skeleton, shadow. Animalcule, mite, insect, emmet, fly, gnat, shrimp, minnow, worm, grub, tit, tomtit, runt, mouse, small fry, millet seed, mustard seed, grain of sand ; mole-hill. Atom, point, speck, dot, mote, ace, jot, iota, tittle, whit, thought, idea, look, particle, corpuscle, mole- cule, monad, granule, grain, crumb, globule, nutshell, minim, drop, droplet, bit, mouthful, thimbleful, sprinkling, dash, minimum, pow- der, 330, driblet, patch, scrap, chip, inch, mathematical point; minu- tioi. V. To be small, &c., to become small; see Contraction, 195. Adj. Little, small, minute, di- minutive, inconsiderable, exiguous, puny, tiny, wee, petty, minikin, hop-o'-my-thurab, miniature, pyg- my, undersized, dwarf, stunted, 105 DIMENSIONS. case, in good condition, choi)])ing, jolly, chubby, full gi-own, chub- faced, lubberly, bulky, unwieldy, lumpish, gaunt, stalwart, spanking. Overgrown, bloated, tumid, tur- gid.hypertrophied, bigswoUen, pot- bellied, swag-bellied, pufFy,distend- ed, oederaatous, dropsical. Squab, dumpy, squat, squabby, pursy, blowsy, thumping. Huge, immense, enormous, mighty, vast, vasty, amplitudinous, stupendous, inordinate, preposter- ous, monstrous, monster; gigan- tic, giant-like, colossal, Cyclojjean, Brobdignagian ; indefinite, infinite, unbounded. Phr. Large as life ; plump as a partridge ; fat as a pig ; fat as a quail J fat as butter ; fat as brawn ; plump as a dumpling j fat as bacon. 194. Expansion, enlargement, extension, augmentation, increase of size, amplification, ampliation, aggrandizement, spread, increment, growth, development, pullulation, swell, dilatation, rarefaction, tur- gescence, turgidity, dispansion, tu- mefaction, intumescence, swelling, diastole, distention, pufling, in- flation. Overgrowth, hypertrophy, over- distention, tympany. Bulb, knot, knob, 249. Superiority of size. V. To become larger, to expand, enlarge, extend, grow, increase, ■swell, gather, fill out, deploy, di- late, stretch, spread, mantle, bud, shoot, spring up, sprout, germi- nate, vegetate, pullulate, open, burst forth, gather flesh, outgrow. To render larger, to expand, ag- grandize, &c., distend, develop, amplify, magnify, rarefy, inflate, puff, blow up, stufij pad, cram. Phr. To take open order. dwarfed, dwarfish, pollard, Lilipu. tian ; pocket, portative, portable, duodecimo. Phr. In a small compass, in a nutshell, on a small scale ; hop-o'- my-thumb. Microscopic, evanescent, impal- pable, imperceptible, invisible, in- appreciable, infinitesimal, homoeo- pathic, atomic, corpuscular, molec- ular, rudimentary, rudimental. Emaciated, thin, lean, meagre, macilent, lank, skinny, starved, starveling, attenuated, weazen, scraggy, scrubby, shrivelled, ex- tenuated, stunted, bare-bone, raw- boned, skin and bone, spindle- shanks, lantern-jaws ; flaccid, lim- ber, tabid. Phr. Thin as a lath ; lean as a rake; thin as a whipping-post; thin as a wafer ; thin as a shadow ; thin as a thread-paper j worn to a shadow. 195. Contraction, reduction, diminution or decrease of size, defalcation, lessening, decrement, shrinking,shrivelling,collapse,cma- ciation, attenuation, tabefaction, consumption, marasmus, atrophy ; neck, hour-glass. Condensation, compression, squeezing, cramping; friction, 331, corrugation, contractility; astriu- genoy. _ Inferiority of size. V. To become smaller, to lessen, diminish, decrease, grow less, dwin- dle, shrink, contract, shrivel, col- lapse, wither, lose flesh, wizen, fall away, decay, waste, wane, ebb. Phr. To be on the wane ; to grow " small by degrees, and beau- tifully less," 659. ■ To render smaller, to contract, lessen, &c., to draw in, condense, reduce, clip, compress, squeeze, cramp, attenuate, chip, dwarf, he- dwarf, cut short, 201, corrugate, purse up, pinch. DISTANCE — NEAENESS. lOT To be larger than, to surpass, exceed, be beyond, cap, o'ertop; see Height, 206, and Superiority, 33. Adj. Expanded, enlarged, in- creased, &c., swelled out, bulbous ; exaggerated, bloated, &c., full- blown, fuU-grown, full-formed. 196. Distance, remoteness, far- r.ess, longinquity, elongation, off- ing, removedness, parallax, reach, span. _ Antipodes, outpost, outskirt, ho- rizon, aphelion. Phr. Ultima Thule; ne plus ultra; the uttermost parts of the earth. Separation, 44, transference, 270. Diffusion, dispersion, 73. V. To be distant, &c. ; to extend to, stretch to, reach to, spread to, go to, get to, stretch away to ; outgo, outstep, 303 ; to go great lengths. To remain at a distance, keep away, stand off, keep off, stand aloof. Adj. Distant, far, far off, remote, distal, wide of, stretching to, yon, yonder, at arm's length, apart, asunder, ulterior, ultramontane, transmontane, transalpine, ultra- mundane, hyperborean. Inaccessible, out of the way, un- approached, unapproachable ; in- contiguous. Adv. Far, away, far away, afar, off, a long way off, far off, afar off, wide away, aloof, wide of, clear of, out of the way, a great way off, out o' reach, abroad, yonder, farther, b lyond. •" FJlr. Far and near ; far and wide, over the hills and far away ; from end to end ; from pole to pole; from China to Peru; from To be smaller than, to fall short of, not to come up to. Phr. To hide its diminished head. Adji Contracting, &c., astrin- gent, contracted, shrivelled, wasted, tabid, &c., stunted, waning, ebbing, &c., neap, condensed, compact. Phr. Multum inparvo. Unexpanded, contractile, com- pressible. _197. Nearness, nighness, pro- pinquity, vicinity, vicinage, neigh- borhood, adjacency, closeness, close quarters. A short distance, a step, an ear- shot, close quarters, a stone's throw, a hair's breadth, a span, bowshot, gunshot. Purlieus, neighborhood, vicinage, environs, alentours, suburbs, ban- lieue, borderland, the whereabouts. A bystander, neighbor. Approach, approximation, appro- pinquation, appulse, 286, junction, 43, concentration, convergence, 290, perihelion. Meeting, rencontre. V. To be near, &c., to adjoin, hang about, trench on, border upon, stand by, approximate, tread on the heels of, cling to, clasp, hug, get near, approach, 286, to meet, 290. To bring near, to crowd, pack, cram, huddle together. Adj. Near, nigh, close at hand, neighboring, proximate, adjacent, adjoining, proximal, bordering upon, -close upon, hard upon, trenching on, treading on the heels of, verging to, at hand, handy, near the mark, at the pomt of, near run, home, intimate. Adv. Near, nigh, hard by, fast by, close to, close upon, next door to, within reach, within call, withii?. hearing, within an ace of, but a step, at hand, on the verge of, near the mark, in the environs, &c., at one's 108 DIMENSIONS. Dan to Beersheba ; to the euds of the earth ; a perte de vue ; out of the sphere of; wide of the mark ; to take open order ; to keep clear of. Apart, asunder ; " few and far between ; " wide apart, wide asun- der, longo intervallo ; " from Indus to the pole." 198. Interval, interspace ; see Discontinuity, 70, break, gap, open- ing, 260, chasm, hiatus, ccesura, interstice, lacuvc., cleft, foss, mesh, crevice, chinh, creek, cranny, crack, chap, slit^ assure, scissure, rift, flaw, gash, cut, leak, dike, ha-ha, frac- tu'-j, solution of continuity. Oscitation, gaping, yawning, pan- diculation ; Insertion, 300. Gorge, defile, ravine, crevasse, inlet, frith, furrow, 259, gulf. Thing interposed, a go-between, eee Interjacence, 228. V. To separate, 44, gape, 260. door, at one's elbow, within pistol shot, a stone's throw, &c., cheek b) jole (or jowl), beside, alongside, yardarm to yardarm, at the heels of; on the brink of, 231; at the threshold, 231. About, hereabouts, thereabouts, in the way, in presence of, in round numbers, approximatively j as good as. 199. Contiguity, contact, prox- imity, apposition, no interval, jux- taposition, touching, abutment, os- culation, meeting, appulse, 286, syzygy, coincidence, coexistence, adhesion, 46. Confine, frontier, demarcation, 233. V. To be contiguous, &o., to touch, meet, adhere, 46, osculate, coincide, coexist, abut on, graze. Adj. Contiguous, touching,meet- ing, in contact, conterminous, oscu- lating, osoulatory, proximate, tan- gential, end to end. Fhr. Hand to hand, in juxtapo- sition, apposition, &c., tete-a-tete; next door to. 2. Linear Dimensions, 200. Length, longitude, span. A line, bar, rule, stripe, streak, spoke, radius. Lengthening, elongation, pro- longation, production, producing, protraction, tension, stretching, tencure. V. To be long, &c., to extend to, reach, stretch to, to let out. Plir. To make a long arm; to " drag its slow length along." To render long, lengthen, ex- tend, elongate, prolong, produce, stretch, draw out, protract, spin out, drawl. Adj. Long, longsome, lengthy, wiredrawn, outstretched, length- ened, produced, &c., Alexandrine, sesquipedalian. 201. Shoetness, brevity, brief- ness, a span, &c.; see Smallness, 193. Shortening, abbreviation, abbre- viature, abridgment, epitome, cur- tailment, decurtation, reduction, contraction, compression, 195, re- trenchment, elision, ellipsis, com- pendium,596, conciseness (in style), 672. V. To be short, brief, &c. To render short, to shorten, (!ur- tail, abridge, take in, abbreviate, epitomize, reduce, contract, com- press, scrimp. To retrench, cut short, cut down, pare down, clip, dock, lop, prune, crop, snub, truncate, cut, hack, hew, &c. ; (in drawing) to fore- shorten. LAYEE — FILAMENT. 109 Interminable, there being no end of. Linear, lineal, longitudinal, ob- long. Phr. As long as my arm; as long as to-day and to-morrow. Adv. Lengthwise, longitudinal- ly, in a line, along, from end to end, endlong, fore and aft, from head to foot, from top to toe. 202. Beeadth, width, latitude, amplitude, diameter, bore, calibre, superficial extent, expanse. Thickness, crassitude, 192, ex- pansion, dilatation, &c., 194. Corpulence, 192. V. To be broad, thick, &c. To become broad, to render broad, to swell, dilate, expand, out- spread, &c., 194, to incrassate. Adj. Broad, wide, ample, ex- tended, fan-like, outstretched, &c. Thick, dumpy, squab, squat, thick-set. Phr. Wide as a church door; thick as a rope. Adj. Short, brief, curt, compen- dious, compact, stubby, scrimp, stumpy, thick-set, pug. Oblate, elliptical. Concise, 572, summary. 203. Narrowness, slendemess, closeness, scantiness, exility, lank- ness, incapaciousness. A line, 205, a hair's breadth, a finger's breadth, streak, vein. Thinness, tenuity, leanness, 193. A shaving, a slip, 205, a mere skeleton, a shadow, an anatomy. A middle constriction, stricture, neck, waist, isthmus, wasp, hour- glass, ridge, ravine, defile, gorge, 198, pass. Narrowing, coarctation, angusta- tion, tapering, compression, squeez- ing, &c., 195. V. To be narrow, &c., to taper, contract, shrink. To render narrow, &c., to nar- row, contract, coarctate, attenuate, constrict, constringe, cramp, pinch, weak, squeeze, compiess, corrugate, warp. To shave, shear, &c., 195. Adj. Narrow, slender, thin, fine, filiform, capilliform, thread- like, filamentous, fibrous, funicular, capillary, stringy, wiredrawn, finespun, anguilliform, flagelliform, taper, dapper, slim, slight- made, scant, spare, delicate, unenlarged, incapacious. Thin, lean, 193. Phr. Slender as a thread ; thin as a lath ; thin as a wafer. 205. Filament, line, fibre,fibril, hair, capillament, gossamer, wire, thread, cord, rope, yarn, &c., 45, cilium. Strip, shred, slip, spill, list.string. band, fillet, fascia, ribbon (or rib- and) ; roll, lath, splinter, shiver, shaving. Hair, arborescence, 25G. A hair stroke. Adj. Filamentous, fibrous, hairy, 204. Later, stratum, bed, zone, substratum, floor, flag, stage, story, tier, slab, escarpment, table, tablet, Plate, lamina, lamella, sheet, flake, wafer, scale, coat, pellicle, membrane, film, leaf, slice, shive, cut, shaving, board, jjlank ; trench- er, platter. Stratification, soalinoss, a nest of boxes, coats of an onion. 7. To slice, shave, &c. 10 110 DIMENSIONS. capUlary, thread-like, wiry, fibril lous, stringy. 207. LowNESS, lowlands, de- pression, recumbency, prostration, see Horizontality, 213, a molehill. A ground floor, rez de ehaussce, 191, hold, basement floor. Feet, heels. V. To be low,&c., crouch, slouch, lie flat J to lie low ; to underlie. To lower, depress, 306. Adj. Low, neap, debased, neth-' er, prostrate, flat, level with the ground, grovelling, crouched, crouching, subjacent, underlying, squat. Adv. Under, beneath, under- neath, below, down, adown, down- wards, underfoot, at the foot of, undergi-ound. Phr. At a low ebb. Adj. Lamellar, laminated, 1am- ellated, lamelliform, laminiferous, scaly, filmy, membranous, flaky, foliated, foliaceous, stratified, strat- iform, tabular. 206. Height, altitude, eleva- tion, eminence, pitch, loftiness, sub- limity. Stature, tallness, procerity, cul- mination ; see Summit, 210. A colossus, giant, grenadier, gi- rafie. Alps, mountain, mount, hill, hil- lock, monticle, fell, moorland, hum- mock, knap, knoll, cape, headland, foreland, promontory, ridge, pike, uplands, highlands, rising ground, downs, mound, mole, steeps, bluff, cliff', craig, vantage-ground, tor. Tower, pillar, column, obelisk, monument, steeple, spire, minaret, turret, dome, cupola, pilaster. Pole, pikestaff, maypole, flag- staff, topmast, topgallant-mast. Ceiling, roof, awning, canopy, 210, attic, loft, garret, house-top. Growth, upgrowth, 194. V. To be high, &c., to tower, soar, ride, beetle, hover, cap, overtop, culminate, overhang, hang over, impend, bestride, mount, perch, surmount ; to cover, 223. To become high, grow, upgrow, soar, tower, rise, 305. To render high, to heighten, exalt, see Elevate, 307, to perch up, to perk up. Adj. High, elevated, eminent, exalted, lofty, supernal, tall, topping, towering, beetling, soaring, stalwart, colossal, gigantic, Patagonian, raised, elevated, &c., perched up, perked, up, hang- ing (gardens), crowning. Upland, moorland, hilly, mountainous, alpine, cloud-touching, heaven-kissing, cloud-topped, cloud-capped, aerial. Upper, uppermost, top-gallant. Overhanging, impending, incumbent, overlying, superincum- bent, supernatant, superimposed, hovering. Phr. Tall as a maypole; tall as a steeple; tall as a pop- lar. Adv. Onhigh, high up, aloft, above, aloof, overhead, in the clouds, on tiptoe, on stilts, on the shoulders of; over head and ears. Over, upwards, from top to bottom, from top to toe, from h(!ad to foot, cap-h-pie, h capite ad calcem. VEKTIC ALITY — HOEIZONTALITY. Ill 209. Shallowness, shoaliness, shoals. Adj. Shallow, skin-deep, super- ficial, shoaly. _ 208. Depth, deepness, profun- dity, profoundness, depression, an- ti-climax. A hollow, pit, shaft, well, crater, gulf, ahyss, bottomless pit, hell. Soundings, depth of water, draught, submersion, plunge, dive, 310. F. To be deep, &c. To render deep, &c., to deepen. To sink, submerge, plunge, dip, dive, 310. To dig, scoop out, hollow, sink, delve, 252. Adj. Deep, deep-seated, profound, sunk, buried, submerged, &c., subaqueous, submarine, subterranean, underground, sub- terrene, abysmal. Bottomless, soundless, fathomless, unfathomed, unfathom- able. Phr. Deep as a well ; knee-deep. Adv. Beyond one's depth, out of one's depth, underground. Phr. Over head and ears. 210, Summit, summlty, top, vertex, apex, zenith, pinnacle, acme, climax, culmination, culminating point, pitch, watershed, meridian, sky, pole. Tip, tiptop, crest, crow's nest, peak, nib, turning point, crown, brow, the crowning point. Head, nob, noddle, pate. Capital, cornice, sconce, pedi- ment, entablature, frieze. Roof, ceiling, thatch, tiling, slating, awning, canopy ; see Cover, 223. Adj. Top, topmost, uppermost, tiptop, culminating, mer"d- ian, capital, head, polar, supreme, crowning. 211. Base, basement, plinth, foundation, substratum, ground, earth, pavement, floor, paving, flag, carpet, ground floor, deck, substructure, footing, groundwork. The bottom, nadir, foot, sole, toe, root, keel. Adj. Bottom, undermost, nether- most, fundamental, basement. 212. Verticality, erectness, uprightness, perpendicularity ; right angle, normal. Azimuth circle. Wall, precipice, cliflF. Erection, raising, rearing. F. To be vertical, &c., to stand up, to stand on end, to stand erect, to stand upright, to stick up. To render vertical, to set up, stick up, erect, rear, raise up, cock up, raise on its legs. Adj. Vertical, upright, erect, perpendicular, normal, straight, standing up, &c., up on end, bolt upright, rampant. 213. HOEIZONTALITY, ft level, plane, dead level, flatness, 251. Recumbency, lying, lying down, reclination, decumbence, decum- bency, discumbency, acoubation, supination, resupination, prostra- tion. Azimuth. A plain, floor, platform, bowling- green, plateau, terrace, estrade, esplanade, ofi'set, parterre, table- land. F. To be horizontal, recumbent, &c., to lie, reeling lie down, couch, lie flat, lie prostrate, sprawl, loL, squat. To render horizontal, i&c, to lay, 112 DIMENSIONS. Rectangular, orthogonal. Adv. Up, vertically, &c., on end, up on end, aplomb, endwise. lay down, level, flatten, prostrate, knock down, floor. Adj. Horizontal, level, plane, flat, discoid, even. Recumbent, decumbent, pro- cumbent, accumbent, lying, prone, supine, couchant, couching, jacent, prostrate, sitting, reclining. Adv. Horizontally, &o. Phr. On one's back j on all fours ; on its beam ends. 214. Pendency, dependency, suspension, hanging. A pedicle, peduncle, tail, train, flap, skirt, pig-tail, pendulum. A peg, knob, button, hook, nail, ring, staple, knot, 45, tenter-hook. V. To be pendent, &c., to hang, swing, dangle, swag, daggle, flap, trail. To suspend, hang, sling, hook up, hitch, fasten to. Adj. Pendent, pendulous, pen- sile, hanging, dependent, swinging, &c., suspended, &c., loose, flow- ing. Having a peduncle, &c., pedun- culate, tailed, caudate. Adv. Dingle-dangle. 215. Support, sustentation, ground, foundation, base, basis, terra firma, bearing, fulcrum, 'point d'appui, nov otoj, locus standi, landing, landing-place, round, rest, resting-place, groundwork, sub- stratum, floor, bed, stall, berth, lap. A supporter, prop, stand, anvil, fulciment, stay, shore, truss, sleep- er, staff, stick, crutch, stirrup, stilts, alpenstock, baton. Post, pillar, shaft, column, pedi- ment, pedicle, pedestal, plinth, 211. A frame, framework, scafibld, skeleton, beam, rafter, girder, lin- tel, joist, travis, trave, corner- stone, stanchion, summer, tie- beam, 45, columella, backbone, key-stone, axletree, axle ; axis. A board, form, ledge, platform, floor, stage, shelf, hob, brack- et, arbor, rack, mantel, mantel-piece, slab, console, counter, dresser, flange, corbel, table, trestle, shoulder, perch, truss, horse, easel, desk. A seat, throne, dais, divan, musnud, chair, bench, sofa, settee, couch, fauteuil, woolsack, ottoman, settle, squab, bench, saddle, pillion. Bed, pallet, tester, crib, cot, hammock, shakedown, cradle ; mattress, paillasse ; pillow, bolster. Cushion, stool, footstool, hassock, iccbouref, tripod, trevet. Atlas, Porsides, Atlantes, Caryatides, Hercules. V. To be supported, &c. j to lie, sit, recline, lean, loll, abut, bear, rest, stand, step, repose, &c., on ; be based on ; to bestride, straddle. To support, bear, carry, hold, sustain, shoulder, uphold, hold up, upbear, prop, underprop, bolster up, shore up, under- pin. To give, furnish, afl'ord, supply, lend, &c., support, or founda- tions J to bottom, to embed, to found. Adj. Supported, &c., astride on, astraddle, fundamental. CKOSSING. 113 216. Parallelism, coextension. V. To be parallel, &c. Ad). Parallel, coextensive. Adi\ Alongside, abreast, beside. PJir. Side by side, cheek by jole lor jowl). 217. Obliquity, inclination, slope, slopeness, leaning, slant crookedness, bias, bend, bevel, tilt twist, swag, cant, lurch. The Tower of Pisa. _ Acclivity, uphill, rise, ascent, gra- dient, rising ground, bank. De- clivity, downhill, dip, fall, devexity, a gentle or rapid slope ; an easy ascent or descent : Montagm Busse. Steepness, precipitousness, cliff, precipice, escarpment. Measure of inclination, clinometer. Diagonal, zigzag, distortion, hypothenuse ; see Angle, 244. V. To be oblique, &c., to slope, slant, lean, incline, shelve, stoop, descend, bend, heel, careen, sag, swag, seel, slouch, cant, sidle, poke. To render oblique, &c., to slope, tilt, bend, incline, &c., dis- tort. Adj. Oblique, inclined, leaning, recumbent, clinal, sloping, shelving, skew, askew, slant, aslant, slanting, plagiedral, indirect, distorted, wry, awry, ajee, ci'ooked, canted, tilted, biassed, swag- ging, bevel, slouched, slouching, &c. ; out of the perpendicular. UpMll, rising, ascending. Downhill, falling, descending, declining, devex, anticlinal. Steep, abrupt, precipitous, breakneck. Diagonal, transverse, athwart, transversal, antiparallel. Adv. Obliquely, &o., on one side, askew, askant, askance, edgewise. Sideways, slopewise, all on one side. Ehr. Facilis descensus Averni. 218. Inversion, contraposition, overturn, overset, somerset (somer- sault or summerset), culbute, subversion, retroversion, reversion, inter- version, eversion, transposition, anastrophy, metastasis, pronation and supination ; antipodes, 237. V. To be inverted, &c. To render inverted, &c., to invert, reverse, upset, overset, overturn, turn over, upturn, subvert, retrovert, introvert, transpose, turn topsy- turvy, tilt over, culbuter, topple over, capsize. Adj. Inverted, inverse, upside down, topsy-turvy, topheavy. Adv. Inversely, topsy-turvy, inside out, hurdy-gurdy, &c. Phr. The cart before the horse ; heels over head, or head over heels ; the wrong side up ; topside t'other way ; hysteron proteron. 219. Crossing, intersection, decussation, transversion. Reticulation, network, inosculation, anastomosis, interweaving, twining, intertwining, intertexture, matting, plaiting, interdigitation, mortise. Net, plexus, web, mesh, twill, skein, felt, lace, wicker, mat, trellis, lattice, grating, gridiron, tracery, fretwork, filigree, reticle. Cross, chain, wreath, braid, cat's-cradle. Il To cross, intersect, decussate, interlace, intertwine, intertwist, 10* 114 DIMENSIOKS. entwine, weave, interweave, inweave, twine, twist, wreathe, interdigi- tate, anastomose, inosculate, dovetail. To mat, plait, plat, braid, felt, twill, tangle, entangle, ravel, net, knot, dishevel, raddle. Adj. Crossing, intersecting, &c., crossed, intersected, matted, &c., crucial, cruciform. Eetiform, reticulated, areolar, cancellated, grated, barred, streaked. Ad,v. Across, thwart, athwart, transversely. 3. Centrical Himensions.* 1. GENEItAL. 220. EXTEKIOEITT, the outside, the exterior, surface, superficies, superstratum, eccentricitj-, ex- tremity. Disk (or disc), face, facet, front, 234, skin, &o., 223. V. To be exterior, &c. To place exteriorly, or outwardly, to turn out. Adj. Exterior, external, outer, outward, outlying, outside, super- ficial, skin-deep, frontal, discoid, extraregarding, eccentric. Adv. Externally, &o., out, with- out, over, outwards, ab extra. Phr. Out of doors ; extra muros. In the open air, sub Jove, sub dio, a la belle etoile, al fresco. 221. Interioritt, the inside, interior, interspace, substratum, subsoil. Vitals, viscera, substance, pith, marrow, heart, bosom, breast, en- trails, bowels, belly, intestines, guts, womb, lap, backbone, penetralia, inmost recesses, cave, cavern, &o., 191. V. To be interior, internal, with- in, &c. To place or keep within, to en- close, circumscribe, 229, 232. Adj. Interior, internal, inner, inside, inward, intraregarding, in- most, innermost, deep-seated, intestine, intestinal, inland, inter- stitial, subcutaneous. Implanted, embedded, rooted, &c., 300. Home, domestic, indoor, 191. Adv. Internally, inwards, inwardly, within, inly, therein, ab intra, withinside, in-doors, within doors, at home. 222. Centrai.ity, mediety, 68, centricalness, centre, middle, focus, core, kernel, nucleus, uecleolus, heart, pole, axis, bull's eye, nave, umbilicus. Concentration, centralization. V. To be central, &c. To render central, centralize, concentrate ; bring to a focus. Adj. Central, centrical, middle, median, mesial, azygous, axial, focal, umbilical, concentric. Adv. Middle, midst, centrally, &c. 223. Covering, cover, .roof, canopy, awning, tarpaulin, tilt, tent, marquee, lid, top, cover, oj; erculum, 263, shed. 224. Lining, coating, facing, incrustation, stalactite, stalagmite. Filling, stuffing, wadding. Wainscot, parietes, wall. * That IB, dimeasiODS having refcreacc to a centre. ESrVESTMENT — DIVESTMENT. 115 V. To line, stuff, iucrust. ' Adj. Lined, stuffed, incrusted, wadded. Integument, skin, tegument, pel- licle, fleece, cuticle, scarfskin, epi- dermis, hide, pelt, peel, crust, bark, rind, cortex, husk, scale, shell, cap- sule, coat, tunic, tunicle, sheath, case, theca, sheathing, wrapping, wrapper, blanket, envelope, vesicle, veneer. Superi^osition, coating, paint, varnish, anointing, inunction, incrustation, plaster, stucco. V. To cover, superpose, superimpose, overspread, pave, wrap, lap, overlap, face, case, incase, veneer. To coat, paint, varnish, pay, daub, bedaub, incrust, stucco, dab, smear, besmear, anoint, do over, gild, plate, japan, lacquer (or lacker). Phr. To lay it on thick. Adj. Covering, &c., cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegumentary, skinny, scaly, squamous, imbricated, loricated. 225. Investment, dress, cloth- ing, raiment, drapery, costume, at- tire, toilet, trim, habiliment, ves- ture, apparel, wardrobe, accoutre- ment, outfit, trousseau, uniform, regimentals, equipment, livery, gear, harness, turn out, caparison, suit, rigging, trappings, traps, slops, frippery ; fancy dress. Clothes, garment, garb, garniture, vestment, robe, tunic, paletot, habit, gown, coat, frock, stole, blouse, toga, haik, smockfrock, surtout, dreadnought, &c. Dishabille, morning-dress, ne- glige, undress, rags, tatters, old clothes. Mourning, weeds. (Theatrical) properties. Cloak, mantle, mantlet, shawl, wrapper, veil, tippet, kirtle, plaid, liuke, chlamys, mantilla, tabard, bornouse(orburnoose),rog'uetoMre, great-coat, surtout, spencer, wrap- rascal, surplice, cassock, pallium, poncho, &c., mask, domino, cardi- nal, pelerine. Jacket, vest, jerkin, waistcoat, doublet, camisole,- gaberdine, stays, corselet, corset, bodice, cestus, petticoat, farthingale, kilt, stomacher, kirtle, apron, pinafore. Trousers, breeches, pantaloons, overalls, inexpressibles, smalls, tights. Head-dress, head-gear ; cap, hat, beaver, castor, bonnet, hood; 223. Divestment, nudity, bare- ness, nakedness, baldness, undress, dishabille, threadbareness. Denuding, nudation, denudation, stripping, uncovering, decortica- tion, peeling, flaying, excoriation, desquammation, moulting, exfolia- tion. V. To divest, uncover, denude, bare, strip, unclothe, undress, un- robe, disrobe, disapparel, disarray, take off, doff, cast off, peel, pare, decorticate, uncoif, excoriate, skin, flay, expose, exfoliate, lay open, unroof, uncase, unsheathe, moult. Adj. Bare, naked, nude, strip- ped, denuded, undressed, un- clothed, uncovered, exposed, in dishabille, in buff, bald, thread- bare, ragged, callow, roofless. Phr. In a state of nature ; stark naked ; in puris naturalibus ; bald as a coot, as bare as the back oi one's hand j out at elbows. 116 DIMENSIOTSrS. kerchief, scarf, coiffure, coif, skull-cap, calotte, cowl, capote, calash, pelt, wig, peruke, periwig, caftan, turban, fez, helmet, shako, casque. Body clothes ; shirt, sark, smock, shift, chemise, drawers, col- lar, cravat, neckcloth, stock, handkerchief, scarf, petticoat. Shoe, pumps, boot, jackboot, slipper, galoche, legging, bus- kin, greaves, galligaskins, mocasson, gamache, gsaahaAo, gaiter, spatterdash, stocking, hose, sock, sandal. Glove, gantlet (or gauntlet), mitten. V. To invest, cover, envelop, lap, involve, inwrap (or en- wrap), wrap up, lap up, sheathe, vest, clothe, array, enrobe, dress, dight, attire, apparel, accoutre, trick out, fig out, rig, fit out, adonise. To wear, caparison, don, put on, huddle on, slip on, roll up in, muffle, perk, mantle, swathe, swaddle, circumvest, equip, harness. Adj. Invested, clothed, habited, dight, arrayed, &c., clad, shod, &c. 227. ClRCUMJACENCE, ciroum- ambience, encompassment, atmos- phere, medium, outpost, skirt, outskirts, houleoards, suburbs, pui'- lieus, precincts, favbourgs, envi- rons, entourage, hanlieue. V. To lie around, surround, be- set, compass, encompass, environ, enclose, encircle, embrace, circum- vent, lap, gird, begird, engird, skirt, twine round, 229. Adj. Circumjacent, ambient, cir- cumambient, surrounding, &c., cir- cumfluent, circumferential, begirt, buried in, 363, immersed in, 300, embosomed, in the bosom of, sub- urban, land-locked. Adv. Around, about, without, on every side, on all sides, right and left, all round, round about. 228. Interjacence, inteive- nience, intervention, interlocation, insertion, interposition, interdigi- tation, interpolation, interlineation, intercurrence, intrusion, obtrusion, insinuation, intercalation, insertion, 300, interference, permeation, in- filtration. An intermedium, a go-between, bodkin, intruder, interloper, pa- renthesis, fly-leaf, see Mean, 68. A partition, septum, diaphragm, midriff, party-wall, panel, vail. A half-way house. V. To lie, come, or get between, intervene, intrude, slide in, per- meate, to put between, interpose, interject, throw in, wedge in, thrust in, foist in, insert, intercalate, inter- polate, interline, interleave, inter- lard, interdigitate, dovetail, worm in, insinuate, interfere, obtrude, 300, intersperse, infiltrate. Adj. Interjacent, intervening, &c., intermediate, intercalary, interstitial, parenthetical, mediterranean. Adv. Between, betwixt, 'twixt, among, amongst, amid, amidst, midst, midway : betwixt and between ; sandwich-wise } parenthetically. 229. CmcDMSCKlPTlON, limitation, enclosure, confinement, shut- ting up, circumvallation, entombment. Imprisonment, incarceration, 751. F. To circumscribe, limit, bound, confine, enclose, surround, 227, PEONT — KEAE. 117 compass about, impound, rcsUict, restrain, imprison, &c., 751, shut in, shut up, lock up, bottle up, mew, hem in, hedge in, wall in, rail in, fence, picket; pen, infold, coop, encage, cage, entomb, bury, immure, incase, pack ap, box up, seal up, wrap up, &c. Adj. Circumscribed, &c., imprisoned, pent up, land-locked, in a ring fence j a prisoner, 754. 230. Outline, circumference, perimeter, periphery, ambit, circuit, lines, toumure, contour, profile, silhoueite. Zone, belt, girth, band,baldrio, zodiac, cordon, girdle, cingle, clasp, girt 231. Edge, verge, brink, brow, brim, margin, border, skirt, rim, side, mouth, jaws, lip, muzzle, door, porch, portal, 260 ; coast. Fi'ame, flounce, frill, list, fringe, edging, hem, selvedge, welt, furbelow. Adj. Border, marginal, skirting. 232. Enclosuee, envelope, case, box, &o., 191, pen, penfold, pad- dock, infold, pound, wall, hedge, hedge-row, espalier, enceinte. Barrier, bar, gate, gateway, door, barricade, cordon. Dike (or dyke), ditch, fosse, moat. Fence, pale, paling, balustrade, rail, railing, palisade, battlement, rampart, embankment, &c., 717, circumvallation, contravallation. 233. Limit, boundary, bounds, confine, term, bourn, curb-stone, line of demarcation, termination, stint, frontier, precinct, marches, line of circumvallation, the pillars of Hercules, the Rubicon, the turning point, the neplus ultra. Adj. Definite, conterminate, conterminable, terminal, frontier, &c. 2. SPECIAL. 234. Front, fo^e-part, face, an- teriority, fore-rank, fore-ground, van, vanguard, advanced guard, outpost, proscenium, facade, fron- tispiece, disk. Forehead, visage, physiognomy, phiz, countenance, mug, rostrum, beak, bow, stem, prow, prore. Pioneer, anant coureur. (In a medal), the obverse. V. To be in front, &g., to front, face, confront, bend forwards, &o. Adj. Fore, anterior, front, frontal. Adv. Before, in front, ahead, right ahead, in the van, in advance, foremost, headmost. Phr. In the foreground, before one's eyes, in the lee of: face to face ; ms-a-vis. 235. Rear, back, posteriority, the rear rank, rear-guard, the back- ground, heels, tail, rump, croup, breech, dorsum, dorsal region, stern, poop, after-part, heel-piece : wake. (In a medal), the reverse. V. To be in the rear, behind, &c., to fall astern, to bend back- wards. Ph: To turn the back upon j to bring up the rear. Adj. Back, rear, postern, hind, hinder, hindermost, posterior, dor- sal, after. Adv. Behind, in the rear. Phr. In the background, behind ore's back, at the heels of, at the tail of, at the back of, in the wake of, back to back. After, aft, abaft, astern, stern- most, aback, rearward. 118 rOKM. 236. Laterality, side, flank, quarter, hand, cheek, jole, wing, profile, temple, loin, haunch, hip, broadside, leeside. East, Orient; West. F. To be on one side, &c., to flank, outflank, to sidle j to skirt. Adj. Lateral, 'sidelong, collate- ral, sideling, many-sided. Eastern, orient, oriental. Western, occidental. Adv. Sideways, side by side, 216, sidelong, abreast, alongside, aside, by the side of, to windward, or to leeward. PTir. Cheek by jowl. 238. Dextkality, right, right hand, dexter, off side, starboard. Adj. Dextral, right-handed. Ambidextral. 237. Anteposition, opposite side, contraposition, re\erse, in- verse, antipodes, opposition, inver- sion, 218. Polarity, opposite poles. North, South. V. To be opposite, &c., to sub- tend. Adj. Opposite, reverse, inverse, antipodal, suboontrary. Fronting, facing, vis-a-vis, dia- metrically opposite. Boreal, arctic; Austral, antarc- tic. Adv. Over, over the way, over against, facing, against, fronting, 234, subtending. 239. Sinistrality, left, left hand, sinister, near side, larboard, port. Adj. Sinistral, left-handed. Section III. FOEM. 1. General Form. 24L Absence of form. Amorphism, disfigurement, de- facement, mutilation, informity, see Deformity, 846. V. To destroy form, deface, de- form, disfigure, mutilate. A^'. Shapeless, amorphous, formless, unhewn, rough, unfash- ioned, unshapen. 240. Form, figure, shape, con- figuration, make, formation, frame, construction, confirmation, effor- mation, cut, set, build, trim, stamp, cast, mould, fashion, see Structure, 329. Outline, 239. Feature, lineament, phase, turn, attitude, posture. Poses plas- iiques. Science of form, Morphology. Similarity of form, isomorphism. Formation, figuration, eflbrma- tion, sculpture. , V. To form, shape, figure, fashion, efibrm, carve, cut, chisel, hew, rough-hew, cast, rough-cast, hammer out, trim, lick into shape, mould, sculpture, cast, stamp. Adj. Formed, &c., receiving form, plastic, fictile. Giving form, plasmic. 242. Kegularity of form. 243. Irregularity of form. Symmetry, shapeliness, uni- Distortion, twist, wryness, de- formity, finish, see Beauty, 845, tortion, contortion, malformation, arboresoence, 256. see Ugliness, 846, teratology. CIRCULAIUTy — CONVOLUTION. 119 A^'. Symmetrical, regular, V. To distort, twist, wrest, shapely, well set, uniform, finished, writhe, contort. &c., arborescent, 256. Adj. Irregular, unsymmetric, distorted, twisted, awry, wry, askew, crooked, on one side, hump- backed, hunch-backed. Fhr. All manner of ways. 2. Special Form. 244. Angularity, angulamess, angle, cusp, bend, elbow, knee, knuckle, groin, crinkle, crotch, crutch, crane, fluke, scythe, sickle, zigzag, kimbo, aduncity, anfractuosity. Fold, 258. Corner, 182. Fork, bifurcation, dichotomy. A riglit angle, see Perpendicularity, 212, salient and re-entering angles. A polygon, square, triangle, &c., lozenge, diamond, rhomb, &c., wedge. V. To bend, fork, bifurcate, crinkle. Adj. Angular, bent, crooked, aduncous, uncinated, aquiline, jagged, serrated, falciform, falcated, furcated, forked, bifurcate, zigzag ; dove- tailed, knock-kneed, crinkled, kimbo, geniculated, polygonal, &c. Fusiform, wedge-shaped, cuneiform. 245. CURVATDEE, curvafion, in curvity, incurvation, bend, flexure, flexion, crook, hook, bought, bend- ing, deflexion, inflexion, arcuation, devexity, turn, deviation, detour, sweep, sinuosity, curl, curling, bough, winding, recurvity, recur- vation, flexibility, 324. A curve, arc, arch, arcade, vault, bow, crescent, half-moon, lumile, horse-shoe, loop, crane-neck, con- choid, &c. V. To be curved, &c., to decline, turn, trend,deviate, re-enter, sweep. To render curved; to bend, curve, incurvate, deflect, inflect, crook, turn, round, arch, arcuate, bow, curl, recurve, frizzle. 246. Straightness, rectilinear- ity, directness. Inflexibility, 323. A straight line, a right line, a direct line ; short cut. V. To have no turning, to be straight, &c. To render straight, to straighten, rectify ; to set, or put straight ; un- bend, unfold, uncurl, uncoil, unroll, unwind, unravel, untwist, untwine, unwreath, unwrap. Adj. Straight, rectilinear (or rec- tilineal), direct, even, right, in a line ; unbent ; not inclining, bend- ing, turning, or deviating to either side; undeviating, unturned, un- distorted, unswerving. Phr. Straight as an arrow ; right as a trivet ; as the crow flies. Adj. Curved, bent, &c., curvi- linear (or curvilineal), curviforto; devex, devious, recurved, recurvous, crump, bowed, crooked, arched, vaulted, arcuated, hooked, falciform, falcated, semicircu- lar, crcscentic, luniform, lunular, semilunar, conchoidal, cordi- form, cordated, cardioid, heart-shaped, lenticular, reniform ; bow-kneed, knock-kneed, bow^isgged, bandy-legged. 247. Simple circularity Circularity, roundness. A circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, ringlet, eye, loop, wheel, 248. Complex circularity. Convolution, winding, wave, undulation, circuit, tortuosity, an- fractuosity, sinuosity, involution, sinuation, circumvolution,ineander- 120 FOBM. cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band, sash, girdle, ces- tus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland, crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, necklace : noose, lasso. An ellipse, oval, ovule, ellipsoid, cycloid, epicycloid, epicycle, &o. V. To round. To encircle, environ, &c., 227. Adj. Round, rounded, circular, annular, orbicular. Oval, elliptical, elliptic, ovate, egg-shaped ; cycloidal, &c. ing, circumbendibus, twist, twirl, windings and turnings, ambages, inosculation, reticulation, 219. A coil, spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute, rundle, scollop (or scallop). Serpent, eel, maze, labyrinth, deedalus. V. To be convoluted, &o. To wind, twine, turn and twist, twirl, wave, undulate, meander, scallop, inosculate, entwine, twist together, 219. Adj. Convoluted, winding, twist- ing, contorted, waving, waved, wavy, undulating, undated, ser- pentine, serpentifdrm, anguiljiform, mazy, tortuous, sinuous, flexuous, involved, sigmoidal, snaky, vermiform, vermicular, meandering; scolloped (or scalloped), wreathed, wreathy, crisped, frizzled, ravelled, twisted, di- shevelled. Spiral, coiled, heliacal, turbinated. Adv. In and out. 249. Rotundity; cyliudricity j cylinder, barrel, drum, cylindroid, roll, roller, rouleau, column, rolling-pin, rundle. Cone, conoid; pear-shape, bell-shape. Sphericity, spheroidity, globosity ; a sphere, globe, ball, spheroid, ellip- soid, drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet, pdote, clew, pill, marble, pea, knob, pommel. V. To render spherical ; to form into a sphere, to sphere, to roll into a ball, give rotundity, &c. Adj. Rotund, cylindric, cylindrical, cylindroid, columnar ; lumbrici- form, conic, conical. Spherical, globular, globated, globous, globose, spheroidal, ovoid, egg-sha:ped, oviform, gibbous, bell-shaped, campaniliform, campaniform, campanulate, fungiform, bead-like, moniliform, pyriform. Phr. Round as an apple ; round as a ball ; teres atque rotundits. 3. Superficial Form.. 250. Convexity, prominence, projection, relief, swelling, gibbos- ity, bulge, protuberance, intumes- cence, tumor, tuberosity, tubercle, tooth, knob, excrescence, elbow, process, apophysis, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity, tongue,dor- sum, hump, hunch, bunch, boss, em- bossment, bump, clump, sugar-loaf, point, 253, bow. 251. Flatnkss, plane ; see Hor- izontality, 213, Layer, 204, and Smoothness, 255, plate, platter. F. To render flat, flatten, smooth, level. Adj. Flat, plane, level, &c., flush, scutiform. Phr. Flat as a pancake ; flat as a flounder ; flat as a board ; flat as my hand ; a dead fiat ; a dead level. SHAKPNESS — BLUNTNESS. 121 252. Concavity, depression, hollow, hollowness, indentation, in- taglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, ))it, sinus, alveolus, lacu- na, honeycomb, excavation, trough, 2a9. Cup, basin, crater, chalice, &c., 191, bowl, socket, thimble. Valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, glade, glen, cave, cell, cavern, cove, grotto, alcove, gully, cul-de-sac. V. To be depressed, &c., to re- tire. To depress, hollow, scoop, dig, delve, excavate, dent, dint, mine, undermine, burrow, tunnel. Adj. Depressed, concave, hol- low, stove in, retiring, retreating, cavernous, honeycombed, alveolar, funnel-shaped, infundibular, infun- dibuliform, bell-shaped, camj^anili- form. Pimple, wen, wheal, papula, pus- tule, caruncle, corn, wart, furuncle, fungus, fungosity, exostosis, bleb, blister, blain. Papilla, nipple, teat, pap, mam- milla, proboscis, nose, neb, beak, Buout, nozzle, belly, back, shoulder, elbow, lip, flange. Peg, button, stud, ridge, rib, jut- ty, snag, eaves. Cupola, dome, balcony. Cameo, bas-relief, basso-rilievo, alto-rilievo. Mount, hill,&c., 206; cape, prom- ontory, mull, foreland, headland, point of land, mole, jetty, hum- mock, spur, hog's back, ridge. V. To be prominent, &c., to pro- ject, bulge, jut out, protrude, stand out, stick out, poke out, stick up, bristle up, start up, cock up, shoot up, swell, to hang over, beetle, bend over. To render prominent ; to raise, 307 : to emboss. Adj. Prominent, projecting, salient, in relief, bulging, &c., bowed, arched, bold, tuberous, bellied, tuberculous, tumerous, nodular, bossed, bossy, embossed, gibbous, mammiform ; cor- nute, odontoid. 253. Shaepness, pointedness, acuteness, acuity, acumination, spi- nosity, prickliness. ,A point, spike, spine, spiculum, needle, aiguille, pin, prickle, prick, spear, bayonet, spur, rowel, barb, spit, cusp, horn, barb, snag, tag, thorn, brier, bramble, thistle, nib, tooth, tusk, s])oke, cog, ratchet, staple, bristle, beard, crag, chevaux-de-frise, crest, cone, peak, spire, pyramid, steeple, porcupine, hedgehog. Cutting edge, wedge, edge-tool, knife, razor, scalpel, axe, adze, bill-hook, cleaver, &c. Y. To be sharp, &e., to taper to a point, to bristle with. To render sharp, &c., to sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, tpiculate. Adj. Sharp, pointed, conical, acute, acicular, aciform, acu- leated, needle-shaped, spiked, spiky, cnsiform, peaked, acumi- nated, salient, cusped, cornute, cornuted, prickly, spiny, spinous, thorny, bristling, muricated, pectinated, studded, thistly, briery, Tagged, craggy, snaggy, digitated, barbed, spurred, two- 11 254. Bluntness, obtuseness, dullness. V. To be blunt, &c., to render blunt, &c., to obtund, dull, take off the point or edge, turn. Adj. Blunt, obtuse, dull, bluff. 122 rOKM. edged, tapering, fusiform, denticulated, toothed, cutting, sharp- edged. Starlike, stellated, stelliform. Phr. Sharp as a needle j sharp as a razor. 255. Smoothness, evenness, level, &c., 213, polish, gloss, glas- siness, sleekness, slipperiness, lu- bricity, lubrication, down, velvet. V. To smooth, smoothen, plane, polish, burnish, calender, glaze, iron, file, lubricate, 332, macad- amize. Adj. Smooth, even, level, plane, sleek, polished, glazed, glossy, silk- en, silky, velvety, glabrous, slip- pery, oily, soft, lubricated, unwrin- kled. Phr. Smooth as glass, smooth as velvet, smooth as oil ; slippery as an eel. 256. EouGHNESS, unevenness, ripple, asperity, rugosity, mgged- ness, scabrousness, salebrosity, scraggincss, cragginess, eragged- ness, cormgation, nodosity, crisp- ness. Arboreseence, branching, rami- fication. Brush, hair, hairiness, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet, fimbria:, cilia. Plumage, plumosity, plume, pa- nache, crest; feather, tuft, fringe, wool, velvet, plush, nap, pile, floss, down ; byssus, moss, bur. V. To be rough, &c. To render rough, to roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, rumple. Adj. Rough, uneven, scabrous, knotted, rugged, rugose, ru- gous, salebrous, gnarled, unpolished, unsmooth, rough-hewn, craggy, cragged, scraggy, [jrickly, 253. Arborescent, dendriform, arboriform, branching, ramous, dendroid. Feathery, plumose, tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, hirsute, flocculent, bushy, hispid, tomentous, downy, velvety, villous, bearded, pilous, shaggy, shagged, fi'inged, befringed, setaceous, setous, filamentous, &c., 203. Phr. Rough as a bear ; " like quills upon the fretful porcupine.'' 257. Notch, dent, nick, indent, indentation, dimple. Embrasure, battlement, saw, tooth, crenelle. V. To notch, nick, cut, dent, indent, jag. Adj. Notched, &c., jagged, crenated, dented, dentated, denticulated, toothed, palmated, indented, serrated, scolloped. 258. Fold, plicature, plait, ply, crease, flexion, flexure, joint, elbow, doubling, duplicature, gather, wrinkle, rimple, crinkle, crankle, crumple, rumple, rivel, ruck, ruffle, dog's-ear, corrugation, frounce, pucker. V. To fold, double, plicate, plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle, curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple, frizzle, rumple, frounce, rivel, twill, corru- gate, ruffle, crimple, pucker ; to turn down, turn under, tuck, ruck. Adj. Folded, &o. 259. FuRKOW, groove, rut, sulcus, scratch, streak, stricB, crack, score, rib. Channel, gutter, trench, ditch, dike, moat, fosse, trough, kennel, chamfer, ravine, 198, fluting. V. To furrow, &c., flute, plough. PEEPOEATOB — STOPPEE. 123 _ A^. Furrowed, &c., ribbed, striated, suleated, fluted, canaliculated, bisulcate, trisuloate, &c., corduroy. 260. Opening, hole, /oram ere, perforation, window, eye, eyelet, key-hole, loop-hole, port-hole, mouse-hole, pigeon-hole, eye of a needle, pin-hole, jjuncture. Aperture, apertness, hiatlon, yawning, csoitancy, dehiscence, pa- tefaction, pandiculation, see Inter- val, 198. Outlet; inlet, orifice, mouth, vomitory, muzzle, throat, gullet, wizen, nozzle, portal, porch, gate, gateway, door, embouchure, door- way, arcade. Channel, passage, pass, tube, pipe, vessel, tubule, canal, thor- oughfare, gut, fistula, ajutage, chimney, flue, tap, funnel, gully, tunnel, main, gangway, pit, adit, shaft, gallery, alley, aisle, glade, vista, bore, mine, cahbre, pore, blind orifice, porousness. Sieve, cullender (or colander), cribble, riddle; screen ; honeycomb. Apertion, perforation, piercing, boring, mining, terebration, drilling, &c., empalement, pertusion, puncture, acupuncture, penetration, 302. V. To open, gape, yawn. To perforate, pierce, empierce, tap, bore, mine, drill, scoop out, tunnel, transpierce, transfix, enfilade, empale, spike, spear, gore, stab, pink, puncture, stick, prick, riddle, punch ; to stave in. Phr. To cut a passage through. To uncover, unclose, unrip, lay open, cut open, rip open. Adj. Open, pierced, perforated, &?., perforate, wide open, ajar, unclosed, unstopped, patulous, oscitant, gaping, yawning, patent. Tubular, cannular, fistulous, pervious, permeable, foraminous, porous, follicular, cribriform, honeycombed, infundibular. 261. Closure, occlusion, block- ade, shutting up, filling up, plug- ging, sealing, obstruction, infarc- tion, impassableness, blocking up, obstipation, blind alley, blind cor- ner, cul-de-sac, ccecwm, 195, 203. Imperforation, imperviousness, impermeability. V. To close, occlude, plug, block up, fill up, blockade, obstruct, bolt, stop, bung up, seal, plumb, cork up, shut up, choke, throttle, ram down, dam up, criim, stuff up. Adj. Closed, shut, unopened, occluded, &o., impervious, imper- forate, caeoal, nnpassable, invious, pathless, untrodden, unpierced, impermeable, imporous, opercu- lated, unventilated, air-tight. Phr. Hermetically sealed. 262. Perforator, borer, auger, gimlet, stylet, drill, wimble, awl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trepan, probe, bodkin, needle sti- letto, rimer, warder lancet, punch, spikebit, gouge. 263. Stopper, stopple, plug, cork, bung, spigot, spike, spill, stop-cock, tap, rammer, ramrod, piston, stop-gap, wadding, stuiBng, tompion, tourniquet. Cover, lid, operculum, covering, covercle, door, &c., 223, valve. A janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, Cerberus. 124 MOTION. Section IV. MOTION. 1. Motion in General. 264. Successive change of place,* Motion, movement, transit, transition, move, going, &c., pas- sage, course, stir, evolution ; kine- matics. Step, gait, port, footfall, carriage, transference, 270, locomotion, 266. Mobility, restlessness, unrest, movableness, inquietude, flux. V. To be moving, &c., to move, go, hie, gang, budge, stir, pass, flit, shift, slide, glide, roll, roll on, flow, 347, 348, sweep along, wander, 279, change or shift one's place or quarters, dodge, keep going. Adj. Moving, in motion, on the move, going, &o., transitional. Shifting, movable, 270, mobile, restless, nomadic, wandering, va- grant, discursive, excursive, erratic, 279, mercurial, unquiet. Adv. In transitu ; under Avay. 265. Quiescence, rest, stilliiess, stagnation, stagnancy, fixedness, immobility, catalepsy, indisturb- ance. Quiet, tranquillity, calm, calm- ness, sedentariness, quietism. Pause, suspension, suspense, lull, stop, stoppage, interruption, slop- ping, stand, stand-still, standing still, lying to, repose, 687, res- pite. Lock, dead-lock, dead stop, em- bargo. Kesting-place, anchorage, moor- ings, bivouac, port, 189, 666, bed, pillow, &o., 215. V. To be quiescent, &c., to re- main, stand, stand still [lay to], lie to, pull up, hold, halt, stop, an- chor, heave to, stop short, rest, pause, repose, keep quiet, take breath, settle, stagnate. To stay, tarry, sojourn, dwell, 186, pitch one's tent, cast anchor, settle, encamp, bivouac, moor, teth- er, picket, plant one's self, alight, land', &c., 292, ride at anchor. I'hr. Not to stir a peg, or step ; to go to bed ; to come to a stand-still j to come to a dead-lock ; to stem the tide. To stop, suspend, arrest, avast, hold one's hand, interrupt, intermit, discontinue, 141, put a stop to, quell, becalm, hush. Phr. To bring to a stand-still ; to lay an embargo on. Adj. Quiescent, still, motionless, moveless, at rest, station- ary, untravelled, at a stand, stock-still, standing still, sedentary, undisturbed, unrufiled, fast, stuck fast, fixed, transfixed, rooted, moored, aground, at anchor, tethered, becalmed, stagnant, quiet, calm, unmoved, immovable, restful, cataleptic, irremovable, steady, steadfast, stable, ISO. Fhr. Still as a statue j still as a post j quiet, or still as a mouse. Adv. At a stand, at a sland-still, &c., tout court; at anchor. Int. Stop! stay! avast! halt! hold hard! woh! * A thing cannot bo enid to move from one plnce to another unless it passes In BucccsBion through every intermediate place; hence motion is only sur.li a chango of place as is successive. "Kapid or swill as thought" are therefore incorrect expressions. TEAVELLEE — MAEINEE. 125 266. Locomotion by land. JouilNF.y, travel, travelling, ex- cursion, expedition, tour, trip, cir- cuit, peregrination, discursion, ramble, pilgrimage, course, ambu- lation, march, marching, walk, walking, promenade, stroll, saun- ter, stalk, perambulation, noctam- bulation, ride, equitation, jog-trot, drive, airing, jaunt. lloving, vagrancy, flit, flitting, migration, emigration, immigra- tion, intermigration, demigration. Plan, itinerary, road-book, guide. Procession, cavalcade, caravan. Organs and instruments of loco- motion ; legs, feet, pegs, pins ; arms ; locomotive ; velocipede, 272. V. To travel, journey, walk, march, stalk, ride, drive, course, perambulate ; to flit, migrate, emi- grate ; to rove, prowl, roam, range, wander, ramble, stroll, saunter, straggle, gad about, expatiate. P/ir. To take or go a walk, journey, &c. To walk, march, step, tread, pace, wend, promenade, perambu- late, circumambulate, trudge, stalk, stride, strut, foot it, stump, peg on, bundle, toddle, shuffle on, tramp, traverse, make one's way, find one's way, tread a path, take a course, take wing. Ride, jog on, trot, arable, canter, gallop, take horse, prance, fisk, frisk, caracoler. Phr. To have a run, gallop, &c., 274 ; to bend one's steps, or com-se ; to wend, thread, or plough one's way ; to take a walk ; to take a turn ; to take the air. To drive, slide, glide, skim, skate. To go to, repair to, resort to, hie to. To march in procession, to file off, defile. Adj. Travelling, &c., ambulatory, itinerant, peripatetic, dis- cursive, vagrant, migratory, nomadic, on the wing, &c., circum- foranean. Adv. By the way, cheniin faisant, on the road, en passant, on foot, &c., en route ; on foot, on Shank's mare j by the mar- rowbone stage. 267. Locomotion by water or air. Navigation, voyage, sail, cruise, boating, circumnavigation, peri- plus. Natation, swimming, drifting. Flight, flying, volitation, Icarus. Aerostation, aeronautics, aero- statics, balloonry. Wing, pinion, punt, fin, flipper ; oar, sail, paddle, screw. V. To sail, make sail, warp,put to sea, navigate, take ship, gel under way, spread sail, spread canvas, carry sail, plough the waves, plough the deej), walk the waters, scud, boom, drift, course, cruise, coast, circumnavigate. To row, paddle, pull, scull, steam. To swim, float, buffet the waves, skim, effleurer, dive, Avade. To fly, be wafted, hover, soar. Phr. To take wing, to take one's flight. Adj. Sailing, &c., seafaring, afloat, nautical, volant, aerostatic Adv. Under way, under sail, on the wing. 268. Tkaveller, wayfarer, voy- ager, itinerant, passenger, tourist, wanderer, rover, straggler, rambler, 11* 269. Maeixer, navigator, sea- man, sailor, seafarer, shipmau, tar, blue jacket, marine, jolly, boatman. 126 MOTION. birdofpassage, gadabout, vagrant, Avaterman, ferryman, midshipman, tramp, vagabond, nomad, pilgrim, &c., long-shore-man, crew, palmer, runner, courier, pedestrian, An aerial navigator, aeronaut, peripatetic, emigrant, fugitive. balloonist. Eider, horseman, equestrian, cavalier, jockey, postilion, rough rider. Merourj', Ms, Ariel, Comet. 270. Tkansfeeence, translation, translocation, displacement, eloca- tion, metastasis, metathesis, transposition, 148, remotion, removal, 185, relegation, deportation, extradition, conveyance, draft, carriage, carry- ing, convection, conduction. Transmission, passage, transit, ferry, transport, gestation, portage, porterage, cartage, carting, shovelling, vectitation, vection, vecture, shipment, freight, wafture, transportation, tran sumption, transplanta- tion, translation, shifting, dodging, dispersion, 73, traction, 285, ti-ans- fusion. F. To transfer, convey, transmit, transport, carry, bear, carry over, pass, forward, remove, &c., 185, transpose, shift, convey, conduct, con- voy, send, relegate, turn over to, deliver, waft, ship, embark, ferry over. To bring, fetch, reach, draft. To load, lade, ship, charge. To unload, shovel, ladle, decant, empty, break bulk, unship, unlade. Adj. Transferred, &c., movable, portable, portative. Adv. From hand to hand, in transitu ; from pillar to post. 271. Carrier, porter, Jehu, coachman, bearer, coolie, conveyer, conductor, driver, locomotive, whip. Beast of burden, cattle, horse, blood-horse, steed, nag, palfrey, gallo- way, charger, courser, racer, racehorse, hunter, jument, pony, filly, colt, foal, barb, roan, jade, hack, bidet, pad, cob, tit, punch, roadster, goer, pack-horse, draft-horse, cart-horse, post-horse, ketch, sheltie, bayard, mare, stallion, gelding. Stud. Pegasus, Bucephalus, Eozinante. Ass, donkey, jackass, mule, hinny, sumpter mule. Camel, dromedary, llama, elephant ; carrier-pigeon. 272. Vehicle, conveyance. Carriage, caravan, van, wagon, stage-wagon, cariole, wain, dray, cart, sledge, sled, truck, tumbrel, {jontoon, barrow, wheelbarrow, landbarrow, perambulator. Equipage, turn-out, carriage, coach, chariot, chaise, phaeton, curricle, tilbury, whisky, landau, berlin, sulky, de'sobligeant, post- chaise, diligence, stage, stage-coach, car, omnibus, gig, fly, cabriolet, cab, calash, brougham, clarence, buggy, tandem, shandredhan, char-a-banc, 273. Ship, vessel, sail, shipping, marine, craft, bottom. Navy, fleet, flotilla, squadron, armada. Man-of-wai-, H. M. S. ship of the line, or line-of-battle-ship, first- rate, flag-ship, frigate, sloop of war, transport, gun-boat, fire-ship, bomb-vessel, store-ship, tender ; guard-ship ; chasse mare'e ; yacht. Ship, bark (or barque), brig, brig- antine, schooner, sloop, cutler, cor- vette, clipper, skiff, snow, yawl, ketch, smack, lugger, barge, hoy. VELOCITY — SLOWNESS. 127 droshki, caliche, doi-meuse, britz- lighter, buss. Sailer, steamer, ska, araba, kibitka, sedan chair, steam-boat, steam-ship (paddle and palankeen (or palanquin), litter, screw), tug. brancard, crate, hurdle, stretcher. Merchant-ship, merchantman, Shovel, spoon, spatula, ladle, packet, whaler, slaver, collier, hod. coaster, hghter : hulk. Boat, long-boat, pinnace, launch, ' shallop, jolly-boat, gig, funny, din- gy, bum-boat, fly-boat, wherry, cobble, cock-boat, punt, cog, kedge, outrigger, catamaran, fishing-boat, coracle, life-boat, gon- dola, caravel, felucca, caique, canoe, float, raft. Galley, galleyfoist, bilander, brigantine, dogger, howker, ar- gosy, galleon, galliot, polacca, tartane, junk, praam, proa, saic, prahu, sampan, xebec. Balloon, air-balloon, aerostat, Montgolfier, pilot-balloon, kite. Adv. Afloat, aboard. 2. Degrees of Motion. 274. Velocity, speed, celerity, swiftness, rapidity, fleetness, ex- pedition, speediness, quickness, eagle-speed, nimbleness, briskness, agility, promptness, promptitude, despatch, pernicity, acceleration. Haste, precipitation, post-haste, spurt, dart, rush, bounce, bolt, hurry-skurry, precipitancy, &c.,684, forced march, race, steeple-chase : full gallop, a rattling pace. Rate, pace, step, gait, course, progress. Gallop, canter, trot, run, rush, scamper, hand-gallop, amble; flight, flying, &c., 267. Lightning, light, cannon-ball, wind, rocket, arrow, dart, quick- silver, telegraph, express tram. An eagle, antelope, courser, race- horse, gazelle, greyhound, hare, squirrel. Mercury, Ariel, Camilla, Har- lequin. V. To move quickly; to trip, speed, haste, hie, hasten, press, press on, press forward, post, push on, whip, scamper, run, scud, scour, shoot, tear, whisk, sweep, skim, brush, glancBi cut along, dash on, dash forwardsj bolt, trot, gallop. 275. Slowness, tardiness, dil- atoriness, slackness, lentor, lan- guor, drawl, see Inactivity, 683. Retardation, slackening, lentor. Hobbling, creeping, lounging, &c., shambling, claudication, halt- ing, jog-trot, dog-trot, mincing steps. A slow-goer, dawdle, lingerer, sluggard, slow coach, drone, tor- toise, snail, slug. V. To move slowly, to creep, crawl, lag, slug, drawl, dawdle, lin- ger, loiter, plod, trudge, flag, saun- ter, lounge, lumber, trail, drag, grovel, steal along, jog on, rub on, bundle on, toddle, waddle, wabble, shuffle, halt, hobble, limp, claudi- cate, shamble, mince, falter, totter, stagger. JPhr. To slacken one's pace ; to march in slow time, in funeral procession; to lose ground; to " drag its slow length along ; " to take one's time ; to hang fire. To retard, slacken, relax, check, rein in, curb, strike sail, reef. Phr. To take in sail ; to put on the drag ; to apply the brake ; to clip the wings. Adj. Slow, slack, tardy, dilatory. 128 MOTION. easy, lazy, languid, drowsy, sleepy, heavy, drawling, leaden, sluggish, snail-like, creeping, crawling, &o., dawdling, lumbering, hobbling, tar- digrade. Adv. By slow degrees, slowly, &c., gingerly, softly, gently, leis- urely, deliberately, gradually, &c., 144, piano, adagio, largo, lamely, &c. Phr. Under easy sail ; at a foot's pace ; at a snail's pace j with mincing steps ; with clipped wings ; haud passibus cequis. amble, troll, rush, bound, bounce, flounce, bolt, flit, spring, dart, boom. To haste, hurry, scramble, hasten, accelerate, expedite, urge, whip forward, put on, bundle on, hurry, precipitate, quicken pace, ride hard. Fhr. To mend one's pace ; to make haste ; to make the best of one's way ; to put one's best leg foremost ; to take to one's heels ; to fly off at a tangent ; to wing one's way ; to set off at a score ; to clap spurs to one's horse ; to get over the ground ; to carry sail ; to crowd sail ; to run a race ; to run like mad ; to go off like a shot ; to outstrip the wind ; to fly on the wings of the wind. To keep up with, keep pace with, outrun, outstrip, gain ground. Adj. Fast, speedy, swift, rapid, full drive, quick, fleet, nimble, agile, expeditious, prompt, brisk, frisky, hasty, hurried, furious, precipitate, flying, &c., light-footed, nimble-footed, winged, eagle-winged, mercurial, electric, telegraphic, light-legged. Phr. Swift as an arrow ; swift as a doe ; off' like a shot; quick as lightning ; quick as thought.* Adv. Swiftly, with speed, speedily, trippingly, &c., apace, post-haste, in full sail, presto, tantivy, by express, by telegraph, slap, slap-dash, headlong, hurry-skurry. Phr. Under press of sail, or canvas ; velis et remis ; by forced marches ; on eagle's wing ; in double quick time ; with giant or gigantic steps ; a pas de geani ; in seven league boots; whip and spur ; ventre a terre ; as fast as one's legs or heels will carry one ; sauve qui pent ; the devil take the hindmost ; vires acquirit eundo ; with rapid strides : at the top of one's speed. 3. Motion conjoined witli Jf'orce. 276. Impulse, momentum, im- petus, push, impulsion, pulsion, thrust, shove, jog, jolt, brunt, booming, throw, vis a tergo ; vol- ley, explosion, 173. Percussion, collision, concussion, clash, encounter, cannon, caram- bole, appulse, shock, crash, bump. Blow, stroke, knock, tap, fiUi]), pat, rap, dab, smack, slap, hit, cuff, 277. Recoil, retroaction, re- vulsion, reaction, rebound, reper- cussion, ricochet, rebufii reverbera- tion, reflux, springing back, &c., ducks and drakes. X boomerang, spring, &c., see Elasticity, 325. V. To recoil, react, gibb, spring back, fly back, bound back, re- bound, reverberate, repercuss. * See note on 2Ct DIEECTION — DEVIATION. IW Adj. Kecoiling, &c., on the re- coil, &c., refluent, repercussive. bang, -whack, thwack, squash, dowse, swap, punch, thump, pelt, kick, lunge, yerk, calcitration, re- calcitration, made, arietation, beat- ing, 972 ; impact. Hammer, mallet, flail, cudgel, bludgeon, cane, stick, club, &c., ram, battering-ram, monkey, catapult, ballistes, rammer, sledge- hammer. Propulsion, 284 ; Science of mechanic forces, Dynamics. V. To impel, push, give impetus, &c., drive, urge, boom, thrust, elbow, shoulder, jostle, justle, hustle, shove, jog, jolt, en- counter, collide, hurtle, clash,'bump against. To strike, knock, tap, slap, dab, pat, slam, hit, rap, cufi', smite, butt against; impinge, thump, beat, bang, punch, thwack, whack, swap, batter, dowse, baste, pummel, pelt, patter, drub, btifiet, be- labor, cane, whip, &c., 972, poke at, pink, lunge, kick, yerk, calcitrate, recalcitrate. Plir. To enter into collision ; to fall, or run foul of. To throw, &e., see Propel, 284, to set a-going. Adj. Impelling, &o., impulsive, impellent, impelled, 8x.f booming ; dynamic, dynamical. 4. Motion with Meference to Direction 278. Direction, bearing, course, bent, inclination, drift, tenor, ten- dency, incidence, set, leaning, bend- ing, trending, dip, 'steerage, tack, steering, aim, coliiraation. "A line, path, road, range, quar- ter, point of the compass, 236, rhumb, azimuth, line of collimation. V. To tend towards, go to, point to, or at ; trend, verge, incline, dip, f.onduct to : determine. To make for or towards, aim at, take aim, level at, steer for, keep or hold a course, be bound for, bend one's steps towards ; direct, or steer one's course j shape one's course. Phr. To ascertain one's direc- tion, s'orienter; to see which way the wind blows. Adj. Directed, &c., direct, straight, Undeviating. Adv. Towards, to, versus, thither, whither, directly, straight, straight forwards, 628, point blank, before the wind, near the wind, close to 879. Deviation, swerving, aber- ration, obliquation, ambages, warp, bending, refraction, sweep, sideling, straying, straggling, warping, &c., digression, circuit, detour, depar- ture from, divergence, 291, desul- tory motion. Motion sideways, sidling. V. To alter one's course, de- viate, divert, depart from, tui-n, bend, curve, 311, swerve, shift, warp, stray, straggle, sidle, diverge, 291, tralineate, digress, wander, meander, veer, tack, turn aside, turn a corner, turn away from, face about, wheel, wheel about, steer clear of, ramble, rove, go astray, step aside. Phr. To fly off at a tangent ; to face to the right about. To go out of one's way ; to lose one's way. Adj. "Deviating, &c., aberrant, discursive, devious, desultory, er- ratic, vagrant, undirected, circui- tous, crab-like. 130 MOTION. the wind, whither, in a Hue with, as the crow flies. Through, 302. In all directions, quaquaversum, in all manner of ways. 280. Going before. Peecession, leading, heading. Precedence in order, 62. V. To precede, lead, go ahead. Phr. To go in the van, take the lead; to lead the way; to get the start of; to have the start; to get before ; steal a march. Adj. Preceding, leading, &c. Adv. In advance ; before, in the van, ahead, 62. Adv. Astray from ; round about Fhr. To the right about; al manner of ways ; obliquely, like the move of the knight on a chessboard. Adv. Behind heels of. 282. Motion forwards. Progression, advance, prog- ress, ongoing, progressiveness, progressive motion, flood-tide, headway, advancing, &c., pursuit, steeple-chase, 622. V. To advance, proceed, pro- gress ; go, move, bend or pass forwards; go on, move on, pass on, get on, get along, jog on, push on, go one's waj', go ahead, make head, make way, make headway, work one's way, press forward, get over the ground, gain ground, make progress, keep or hold on one's course, keep np with, get forward, distance. Fhr. To make up lee-way ; to go with the stream ; to make rapid strides; to push or elbow one's way ; to go full tilt at. A(^'. Advancing, &o., progres- sive, profluent, undeviating, un- bending. Adv. Forward, onward, forth, on, in advance, ahead, under way, straight forwards. Fhr. Vestigia nulla reirorsum. 281. Going after. Sequence, following, pursuit, chase, hunt. A follower, pursuer, attendant, satellite, shadow. Sequence, in order, 63. V. To follow, pursue, chase, hunt, hound, go after, to fly after, attend. Phr. To go in the rear or in the wake of, tread in the steps of, tread on the heels of, to follow as a shadow, to lag behind, to get be- hind ; to bring up the rear. Adj. Following, &c. in the rear, &c., 63, in the wake of, on the 283. Motion backwards. Regression, regress, retroces- sion, recess, retrogression, retro- gradation, crab-like motion, reflu- ence, reflux, retroaction, return, reflexion, reflex, ebb, tergiversa- tion, countermotion, countermarch, veering, recidivation, regurgitation. V. To recede, retrograde, re- grade, return, rebound, fall back, fall or drop astern, lose ground, put about; go, or come back, turn back, double, wheel, veer, counter- march, draw back, get back, regur- gitate. Phr. To turn tail ; to turn upon one's heel ; turn one's back upon ; retrace one's steps ; dance the back step ; to beat a retreat. Adj. Receding, &c., retrograde, retrogressive, regressive, refluent, reflex, reoidivous, crab-like, Adv. Backwards, reflexvvely, to the right about, ti reculona, a re- hours. ATTRACTION — EEPULSION. 131 _ 284. Motion given to an object situated in front. Propulsion, push, pushing, pro- jection, jaculation, ejaculation, throw, fling, toss, shot, discharge, shy. _ Science of pi-opulsion : projec- tiles, ballistics. Vis-h-tergo. Things thrown : a missile, pro- jectile, shot, ball, bolt, dart, arrow, bullet, stone, shaft, brickbat. 285. Motion given to an object situated behind. Traction, drawing, draught, pull, pulling, towage. Flir. A long pull, a strong pull, and a jjuU all together. V. To draw, pull, haul, lug, drag, tug, tow, trail, train, wrench, jerk, twitch, touse. Fhr. To take in tow. Adj. Drawing, &c., tractile. Bow, sling, catapult, &o., 727. V. To propel, project, throw, fling, cast, pitch, chuck, toss, jerk, lance, tilt, jaculate, ejaculate, hurl, bolt, drive, sling, flirt, shy at, dart, send, roll, send off^, let ofi^ discharge, fire off, shoot, launch, let fly, dash. Bowl, trundle, roll along, 312. To put in motion, start, give an impulse, impel, 276, expel, 297. Fhr. To carry one off one's legs ; to put to flight. Adj. Propelling, &c., propulsive, projectile, &c. 286. Motion towards. Approach, approximation, ap- propinquation, appulse, aiBux, af- fluxion, pursuit, 622, collision, 276. V. To approach, draw near, come, approximate, to. near, drift; to come, get, go, or draw near, &c., to set in towards, make up to, gain upon. Fhr. To tread on the heels of; to hug the shore. Adj. Approaching, &c., approxi- mative. 287. Motion from. Recession, retirement, with- drawal, retreat, retrocession, 283, departure, 293, recoil, 277, de- campment, flight, reflexion. A runaway, a fugitive. V. To recede, go, move or fly from, retire, retreat, withdraw, come away ; go or get away, draw back, shrink, move away. To move off, stand off, fall back, march off, decamp, sheer off, turn tail, bolt. Slip away, run away, pack off, fly, remove, abscond, sneak off, slink away. Fhr. To take one's self off; to take to one's heels; to take French leave j to sound or beat a retreat ; to cut and run ; to give leg bail ; to hop the twig ; to cut one's stick. Adj. Receding, &c., fugitive, runaway, 671. Int. Sauve qui pent ! the devil take the hindmost ! 288. Motion towards, actively. Attraction, drawing to, pull- ing towards, adduction, attractive- ness. A loadstone, magnet. V. To attract, draw, pull, drag, &c,, towards, adduce. 289. Motion from, actively. Repulsion, push, driving from, repulse, abduction, see Impulse, 276. V. To repel, push, drive, &c, from; to dispel, retrude, abduce, abduct. 132 MOTION. Adj. Attracting, &c., adducent, attrahent, adductive, attractive. Int. Come ! Come hither ! ap- proach ! come near ! 290. Motion nearer to. Convergence, appulse, meet- ing, confluence, concourse, conflux, congress, concurrence, concentra- tion. Resoit, assemblage, 72, focus, 74, asymptote. V. To converge, come togeth- er, unite, meet, fall in with, close in upon, close Tvith, centre in, enter in, come across. To gather together, unite, con- centrate, &c. Adj. Converging, &c., conver- gent, confluent, concurring, con- current, centripetal, asymptotical. 293. Terminal motion at. Arrival, advent, reception, wel- come, return, recursion, remigra- tion. Home, goal, resting-place, desti- nation, harbor, haven, port, land- ing-place, terminus. Meeting, rencounter, encounter. V. To arrive, get to, come, come to, reach, attain, come up with, come up to, make, fetch, over- take. To light, alight, dismount, land, disembark, debark, put in, put in- to, visit, cast anchor. To come upon, light upon, pitch upon, hit, drop in, pop upon, bounce upon, jilump upon, bump against, close with. Fhr. To be in at the death. To come back, get back, get home, retui-n ; to sit down. To meet, encounter, rencounter, some in contact, 199. Fhr. To beat up the quarters of. Adj. Repelling, &c., repellunt, repulsive, abducent, abductive. Int. Begone! be off'! avaunt! &c., 293. 291. Motion farther off". Divergence, aberration, divar- ication, radiation, separation, 44, dispersion, diffusion, dissemination, 73. Oblique motion, sidling, devia- tion, 279. V. To diverge, divaricate, wan- der, radiate, branch off', file off'; turn or draw aside. To spread, disperse, scatter, dis- tribute, diffuse, disseminate, shed, sow broadcast, sprinkle. To sidle, swerve, deviate, heel. To part, part company, turn away from, wander from. Adj. Diverging, &c., divergent, radiant, wandering, aberring, aber- rant, centrifugal. Adv. Broadcast. 293. Initial motion from. Departure, outset, removal, exit, exodus, decampment, de- bnucJie, embarkation, flight, He- gira. Valediction, adieu, farewell. A starting point or post, place of departure or embarkation. Phr. The foot being in the stir- rup. F. To depart, go, set out, set ofl^ start, start off^ issue, go forth, sally, sally forth, set forward, be off', move off', pack off', begone, get off, sheer off. To leave a place, quit, retire, withdraw, remove, go one's way, take wing, spring, fly, take flight, flit, embark, go on board, set sail," put to sea, weigh anchor, slip cable decamp, 671. Phr. To take leave ; say good- bye; bid or say adieu j bid fare- well J take one's departure j tf make one's exit j to take one's EECEPTION — EJECTION. 133 Adj. Arriving, &c., here, hither. Int. Welcome ! hail ! all hail ! Good day ! good morrow ! &o. to fly off at a tan- self oflf; gent. Adj. Departing, &c., valedictory. Adv. Whence, hence, thence. Int. Go ! begone ! get you gone ! get away ! go along ! be ofl'! off with you ! get along vvith you ! go about your business ! go your way ! avaunt ! aroynt ! away with you ! Farewell ! adieu ! good-bye ! bye ! bye-bye ! au revoir ! fare you well ! God bless you ! 294. Motion into. Ingress, entrance, entry, intro- gression, admission, admittance, intromission, introduction, insinu- ation, insertion, 300, intrusion, in- road, incursion, influx, irruption, in\-asion, penetration, interpene- tration, infiltration, import, impor- tation, immigration. A mouth, door, &o., 260. V. To enter, go into, come into, set foot on, intrude, break in, in- vade, flow into, pop into, insinuate itself, penetrate, interpenetrate, in- filtrate, to put into, &c., bring in, insert, drive in, run in, wedge in, ram in, 300, intromit, introduce, import, smuggle. Fhr. To find one's way into ; to creep into; to worm one's self into ; to open the door to. 296. Motion into, actively. Reception, admission, impor- tation, immission, ingestion, im- bibition, absorption, ingurgitation, inhalation ; see Insertion, 300. Ealing, swallowing, deglutition, devouring, gulp, gulping, gorging, epulation, carousal. Drinking, potation, sipping, suc- tion, sucking, draught, libation. Mastication, manducation, chew- ing. V. To give entrance to ; to ad- mit, receive, intromit, import, in- gest, absorb, imbibe, inhale, let in, take in, readmit, resorb, reabsorb, 12 295. Motion out of. Egress, exit, issue, emersion, emergence ; eruption. Exudation, emanation, extrava- sation, transudation, 348, leakage, percolation, distillation, oozing, ef- fluence, gush, efflux, effusion, drain, dropping, dripping, dribbling, fil- tering, defluxion, trickling, out- pouring. Export, expatriation, emigration, remigration. An outlet, vent, spout, flue, chim- ney, pore, drain, sewer, 350. V, To emerge, emanate, issue, go, come, move, pass, pour, flow, &c., out of, pass off; evacuate. To exude, transude, leak, run through, percolate, strain, distil, drain, coze, filter, filtrate, transco- late, dribble, trickle, drizzle, drop, drip, gush, spout, run, flow out, effuse, extravasate, disembogue, 348. 297. Motion out of, actively. Ejection, emission, effusion, rejection, expulsion, eviction, pro- raption, detrusion, extrusion, tra- jection. Discharge, egestion, evacuation, vomition. Deportation, exile, banishment, relegation, extradition. V. To be let out, &c., to ooze, percolate, fall out, to give exit to, eject, emit, expel, reject, discharge, give out, let out, cast out, clear out, sweep out, clean out, gut, turn out, drive out, root out, pour out, shed, void, evacuate, disgorge, ex- 134 MOTION. trude, detrude, throw off, spit, spirt, spill, slop ; to empty, drain. Plir. To elbow out ; to throw overboard ; to make a clean sweep of. To vomit, spew, puke, cast up, keck, retch, sputter, splutter, slob- ber, slaver, slabber, squirt, eructate, belch, give vent to, tap, open the sluices, draw o£P, heave out, bale out, shake off. To unpack, unlade, unload, 270, unship. To banish, exile, deport, bundle out, drum out, turn adrift. Adj. Emitting, &c., emitted, &c. Phr. The rogue's march. snuff up, suck in, suck up, swallow, take down, gulp, ingulp, bolt, snap, get down, ingurgitate, engulph. To eat, break bread, fare, feed, devour, lay in, tuck in, lick, pick, peck, gorge, engorge, fall to, stuff, cram, gobble, guttle, raven, eat heartily, do justice to, gormandize, 957, to discuss. To feed upon, live on, feast upon, carouse, batten upon, fatten upon, dine, &o., browse, graze, crop, chew, champ, munch, gnaw, nibble, cranch, royne, masticate, mumble. To drink, quaff, guzzle, swill, swig, drench, sip, sup, lap, drink in, drink up, toss off', toss one's glass, empty one's glass, drain the cup, tipple, 959. Fhr. To wet one's whistle. Adj. Admitting, &c., admitted, &c., admissible ; omnivorous. 298. Food, pabulum, aliment, nourishment, nutriment, suste- nance, sustentation, nurture, sub- sistence, provender, fodder, provis- ion, ration, prey, forage, pasture, pasturage, keep, fare, cheer, diet, regimen. Comestibles, eatables, victuals, prog, meat, bread, bread-stuffs, cerealia, viands, cates, delicacy, dainty, creature comforts, contents of the larder, flesh-pots, pottage, pudding, ragodt, omelet, &c., &c. ' Fhr. The staff of life ; bread and cheese. Table, board, commons, good cheer, bill of fare, commissariat, table d'hote, ordinary, cuisine. Meal, repast, feed, spread, mess, dish, plate, course, regale, regalement, refreshment, refection, collation, picnic, entertain- ment, feast, banquet, junket j breakfast, deje&ne, luncheon, lunch, bever, tiffin, dinner, supper, snack, whet, bait, dessert, remove, entree, entremei, hors d'ceuvre; pot luck ; table d'hote, dyc&ndh la fourchette. Mouthful, bolus, gobbet, sip, sop. Drink, beverage, liquor, broth, soups, &c., symposium. Adj. Eatable, edible, esculent, comestible, alimentary, cereal, culinary, nutritive, nutritious, succulent, potable, potulent. 300. Forcible ingress. I 301. Forcible egress. Insertion, putting in, implan- 1 Extraction, taking out, re- 299. Excretion, discharge, em- anation, exhalation, exudation, secretion, extrusion, effusion, ex- travasation, ecchymosis, evacuation, fiEces, excrement, 653, perspira- tion, exsudation, diaphoresis, &c. V. To emanate, exhale, excern, excrete, exude, effuse, secrete, se- cern, extravasate, evacuate, dis- charge, &c., 297. TKAifSCUESION — SHORTCOMING. 135 moval, elimination, extiication, evulsion, avulsion, wrench. Expression, squeezing. V. To extract, take out, draw, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out, wring from, wrench, rake up, grub up, root up, dredge, remove, get out, 185, educe, elicit, extri- cate, eliminate. To express, squeeze out, pick out, disembowel, eviscerate. Adj. Extracted, &c. tation, introduction, interjection, insinuation, planting, intercalation, embolism, injection, inoculation, importation, intervention, 228, "dovetailing, wedge. Immersion, dip, plunge, bath, so- micupium, submersion, souse, duck, soak. Interment, burying, burial, &c., 803. V. To insert, introduce, put into, import, throw in, interlard, inject, interject, intercalate, infuse, instil, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, im- brue, graft, ingraft, bud, plant, implant, obtrude, foist in, worm in, thrust in, stick in, ram in, plough in, let in, dovetail, mortise, insinuate, wedge in, press in, impact, drive in, run into, empierce, 260. To immerse, dip, steepj, immerge, merge, suhmerge, bathe, plunge, drop in, souse, douse, soak, duck, drown. To inter, bury, &c., 363. Adj. Inserting, inserted, implanted, embedded, &c., embo- lismal. 302. Motion through. Passage, transmission, permeation, penetration, interpenetration, infiltration, 294, endosmose, exosmose, intercurrence ; way, thorough- fare. Terebration, impalement, &c., 260. V. To pass, pass through, traverse, terebrate, perforate, &c., 260 ; stick, pierce, impale, spear, spike, spit, penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid, enfilade, go through, go across, go over, pass over, cut across, pass and repass, work ; make, thread, or worm one's way, force a pas- sage, to transmit. Adj. Passing, intercurrent, &c. 303. Motion beyond. Tkanscuksion, transilience, transgression, trespass, encroach- ment, infringement, extravagation, transcendence. V. To transgress, overstep, sur- pass, overpass, go beyond, distance, overgo, outgo, outstep, outrun, overreach, override, overleap, out- leap, pass, go by, strain, overshoot the mark, overjump, overskip, over- lap, encroach, exceed, transcend, 304. Motion short of. Shortcoming, failure, falhng short, 732, defalcation, leeway, in- completeness, 53. F. To fall short of, not to reach, keep within bounds, keep within compass ; to stop short. Adj. tfnreached, deficient, 53, short, minusH Ado. Within the mark, within compass, within bounds, &c., be- hindhand. trespass, infi-inge, trench upon. Phr. To stretch a point ; to tread on the heels of; to over- shoot the mark ; to pass the Kubioon ; to shoot ahead of. Adv. Beyond the mark. 136 MOTION. 305. Motion upwards. Ascent, rise, ascensKin, up- growth, leap, 309. A rocket, sky-rocket, lark, sky- iark. V. To ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise, go up, get up, climb, clam- ber, scale, scramble, escalade, sur- mount, aspire, override, over- reach, start up, shoot up. Phr. To get up on one's hind legs. To tower, soar, hover, spire, plane, swim, float, surge. To leap, jump, hop, skip, vault, ramp, bound, dance, bob, curvet, romp, caracole, caper, cut capers. Adj. Rising, &c., scandent, buoy- ant, floating, supernatant, super- fluitant, leaping, &c., saltatory, frisky, rampant. Adv. Uphill. 307, Elevation, raising, lift- ing, erection, lift, sublevation, sub- limation. V. To. elevate, raise, lift, uplift, upraise, set up, erect, stick up, rear, uprear, upbear, upcast, hoist, uphoist, buoy, heave, upheave, weigh, give a lift, exalt, sublimate. To drag up, fish up, dredge. Adj. Elevated, &c. Adv. On stilts, on the shoulders of. Phr. To pull about one's Adj. Depressed, sunk, pr 309. Leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation. Dance, caper, curvet, caracole, gambade, capriole, sprawl, 840. 306. Motion downwards. Descent, fall, descension, de- clension, declination, drop, cadence, subsidence, lapse, downfall, tumble, slip, tilt, toppling, trip, lurch, cuU bufe. Titubation, stumble. An avalanche, debacle. Phr. The fate of Icarus. V. To descend, go down, fall, sink, drop, drop down, droop, coms down, dismount, alight, settle, , slide, slip. To stoop, bend, bow, courtesy, bob, duck, bend the head or knee, dip, crouch, cower. To recline, lie, lie down, sit, sit down, couch, squat. To tumble, slip, trip, stumble, lurch, pitch, swag, topple, topple over, swoop, tilt, sprawl, plump down. To alight, dismount, get down. Adj. Descending, &o., descend- ent, decurrent, decursive. Phr. Nodding to its fall. Adv. Downhill. 308. Depeession, lowering, abasement, detrusion, reduction. Overthrow, upset, prostration, subversion, overset, overturn, pre- cipitation. V. To depress, lower, let down, take down, let fall, sink, debase, abase, reduce, detrude, cast down, pitch, precipitate. Phr. To take down a peg. Overthrow, overturn, upsnt, overset, subvert, prostrate, level, fell ; cast, take, throw, fling, dash, pull, cut, knock, hew, &c., down, raze. ears, 218. ostrate, &e. 310. Plunge, dip, dive, duck- ing. r. To plunge, dip, souse, duck, dive, plump. OSCILLATION. 137 To submerge, submerae, squash, douse, sink, engulph. Plir. To cut cajiers. Hop, skip, and jump. Kangaroo, jerboa, chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea. 311. Curvilinear motion. ClEcuiTipN, turn, wind, circuit, curvet, detour, excursion, circum- bendibus, circumvention, circumnavigation, north-west passage, circu- lation. _ Turning, winding, twist, tvfisting, wrench, evolution, twining, coil, circuraambulation, meandering. V. To turn, bend, wheel, put about, heel, go round, or round abouf, circumambulate, to turn or round a corner, double a point, wind, whisk, twirl, twist, twill, raddle. £lir. To go the round ; to lead a pretty dance. Adj. Turning, &c., circuitous, circumforaneous, circumfluent. Adv. Eound about. 313. Motion in a rever.se circle. Evolution, unfolding, &o., de- velopment, introversion, reversion, eversion, 218. V. To evolve, unfold, unroll, unwind, uncoil, untwist, unforl, develop, introvert, reverse. Adj. Evolving, &c., evolved, &c. 312. Motion in a continued circle. Rotation, revolution, gyration, circulation, roll, circumrotation, circumgyration, volutation, circina- tion, pirouette, circumvolution, convolution, verticity, whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge, cyclone, tornado, surge, a dizzy round ; Maelstrom, Charybdis. A wheel, screw, whirligig, rolling stone, windmill; top, tee- totum. Axis, axle, spindle, pivot, pin, hinge, pole, swivel, gimbals. Science of rotatory motion, Trochilics. V. To rotate, roll, revolve, spin, turn, turn round, circum- volve, circulate, gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, twirl, trundle, troll, boll (or bowl), roll up, furl, wallow, welter. Phr. To box the compass ; to spin like a top, or teetotum. Adj. Rotating, &c., rotatory, rotary, circumrotatory, troohilic, vertiginous, gyratory, vortical. Phr. Head over heels ; like a horse in a mill. 314. Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro. Oscillation, vibration, vibratiuncle, undulation, pulsation, puise, libration, nutation, swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, going and coming. Fluctuation, vacillation, dance, lurch, dodge, rolling, pitching, toss- ing, &c. V. To oscillate, vibrate, undulate, librate, wave, rock, swing, pul- sate, beat, wag, waggle, nod, bob, courtesy, tick, play, wamble, wabble, dangle, swag. To fluctuate, vacillate, dance, curvet, reel, quake, quaver, roll, top, pitch, flounder, stagger, totter, brandish, shake, flourish ; to move up and down, to and fro, backwards and forwards ; to pass and repass. 12* 138 MATTEK risr GENEEAL. Adj. Oscillating, &c., oscillatory, vibratory, vibratile, undulatorjr pulsatory, librator)', pendulous. Adv. To and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble. 315. Irregular motion. Agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, succussion, trep- idation, quiver, quaver, dance, jactitation, jactitancy, restlessness, shuffling, twitter, flicker, flutter, bobbing. Disturbance, perturbation, commotion, turmoil, turbulence, tumult, turaultuation, jerk, throe, convulsion, suhsuUus, staggers, epilepsy, writhing, ferment, fermentation, efiervescence, hurly-burly, cahotage; ground swell. V. To be agitated, to shake, tremble, quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire, writhe, toss about, tumble, stagger, bob, reel, wag, wag- gle, dance, wriggle, stumble, flounder, shuffle, totter, flounce, flop, cur- vet, prance, throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pit-a-pat, flutter, flitter, flicker, bicker. Phr. To jump like a parched pea ; to shake like an aspen leaf; to move, or drive from post to pillar and from pillar to post ; to be the sport of the winds and waves. To agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt, jog, joggle, jostle, bufiet, hustle, disturb, shake up, churn, jounce, ferment, efiervesce, boil, wallop. Adj. Shaking, &c., agitated, tremulous, desultory, subsultory, sham- bling, giddypaced, saltatorj'. Adv. By fits and starts j subsultorily, per saltum. GLA88 THIRD. WORDS RELATING TO MATTER. Section I. MATTER IN GENERAL. 316. Materiality, corporeity, corporality, materialness, substan- tialitj', physical condition. Matter, body, substance, brute matter, stufi', element, principle, parenchyma, material, suhstratum, nyle, corpus, pabulum, frame. 317. Immateriality, incorpo reity, spirituality, spirit, &c., 450, immaterialness, inextension. Personality, I, myself, spiritual- V. To disembody. Adj. Immaterial, incorporeal, DENSITY — KAMTT. 13S asomatous, Itnmateriale, unexten- ded, incorporal, unbodied, disem- bodied, spiritual, extramundane, unearthly, pneumatoscopic, spirit- ualistic. Personal, subjective. ¥hr. Stocks and stones. Science of matter ; Physics ; So- matology, Somatics, Natural Phi- losophy, Physical Science, Experi- mental Philosophy, Philosopliie positive. Materialism. Adj. Material, bodily, corporeal or corporal, physical, somatic, sen- sible, tangible, ponderable ; objective, soraatoscopic, material- istic. 318. World, nature, universe ; earth, globe ; the wide world, cosmos, sphere, macrocosm. The heavens, sky, welkin, empyrean, starry heaven, firmament ; the vault, or canopy of heaven; the celestial spaces, the starry host, the heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids, constellations, galaxy, milky-way, via lactea, nebulae, &c.. Sun, planets, planetoids, satellites. Science of the heavenly bodies ; Astronomy, Uranography, Uranol- ogy. Cosmology, Cosmography, Cosmogony ,• eidouranion, orrery. An astronomer, star-gazer. Adj. Cosmical, mundane, terrestrial, terraqueous, terrene, terreous, terrestrious, geotic, sublunary, under the sun, subastral. Celestial, heavenly, sphery, starrj', stellar, nebular, &c., sidereal, sideral, astral. 319. Gkatity, weight, heavi- ness, gravitation, ponderosity, pon- derousness, pressure, load, burden. A lump, a mass, a weight ; bal- last. Lead, a millstone, mountain. Phr. Ossa on Pelion. Science of gravity. Statics. V. To be heavy, to gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load. Adj. Weighty, heavy, ponder- ous, gravitating, weighing, &c., ponderable, lumpish, lumpy, cum- bersome, massive, unwieldy. Incumbent, superincumbent. Phr. Heavy as lead. 320. Levity, lightness, impon- derability, buoyancy, airiness, por- tableness, volatility. A feather, dust, mote, down, thistle-down, flue, cobweb, gossa- mer, straw, cork, bubble ; a float, buoy; ether. V. To be light, to float, swim, be buoyed up. Adj. Light, subtile, airy, impon- derous, astatic, weightless, impon- derable, ethereal, sublimated, float- ing, swimming, portable, uncom- pressed, volatile, buoyant. Phr. Light as a rea.ther ; lighl as thistle-down ; light as air. Section II. INORGANIC MATTER. 1. Solid Matter. 321. Density, solidity, solid- ness, impenetrability, incompres- sibility, cohesion, coherence, cohe- siveness, 46, imporosity, imper- 322. Rarity, tenuity, absence of solidity, subtility, spongi- ness, compressibility ; hollowness, 252. 140 INORGANIC MATTEB. Rarefaction, expansion, dilata tion, inflation, subtilization. Ether, vapor, air, gas, 334. V. To rarefy, expand, dilate subtilize. Adj. Rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible. Porous, cavernous, spongy, bib- ulous, spongious. Rarefied, expanded, dilated, sub- tilized, unsubstantial, uncompact, uncompressed ; hollow, 252. meability, closeness, compactness, constipation, consistence, spissi- tude, thickness. Specific gravity j hydrometer, areometer. Condensation, consolidation, so- lidification, solidation, concretion, coagulation, petrifaction, lapidifi- cation, la])idescence, vitrification, crystallization, precipitation, in- spissation, thicliening, knottiness. Indivisibility, indiscerptibility, indissolvableness. A solid body, mass, block, knot, lump, concretion, depo.'iit, concrete, cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum. V. To be dense, &c. To become or render solid ; solidify, solidate, concrete, to set, to take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate, curdle, curd, fix, clot, cake, cohere, crystallize, pe-trify, vitrify, condense, thicken, inspissate, compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate. Adj. Dense, solid, solidified, consolidated, &c., coherent, co- hesive, compact, close, thick-set, substantial, massive, lumpish, impenetrable, incompressible, impermeable, imporous, consti- pated, concrete, knotted, knotty, gnarled, crystalline, crystalliz- able, vitreous, coagulated, thick, incrassated, inspissated, curdled, clotted, grumous. Undissolved, unmelted, unliquefied, unthawed. Indivisible, indiscerptible, infrangible, indissolvable, indis- soluble, insoluble. 323. Hardness, rigidity, firm- ness, renitence, inflexibility, stifi'- ness, starchness, starchedness, temper, callosity, durity, indura- tion, grittiness, petrifaction, &o., 321, ossification. A stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, granite, iron, steel, ada- mant. Tenseness, stretching, tensure, 200. V. To render hard, harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify. Adj. Hard, horny, corneous, rigid, stiff, firm, starch, stark, un- bending, unyielding, inflexible, tense, indurate, indurated, gritty, &o., proof, adamantean, adaman- tine. 324, Softness, tenderness, flex- ibility, pliancy, pliableness, pliant- ness, pliability, litheness, supple- ness, sequacity, ductility, malle- ability, tractility, extensibility, ex- tendibility, plasticitj', inelasticity, laxity. Clay, wax, butter, dough ; pud- ding ; a cushion, jjillow, feather- bed, down. Mollification, softening, S:c. V. To render soft, soften, mol- lify, relax, temper, mash, knead, squash. To bend, yield, relent, relax. Adj. Soft, lender, supple, pliable, limber, flexible, flexile, lithe, lithe- some, pliant, plastic, ductile, trac- tile, tractable, malleable, extensile, sequaceous. PULVEEULENCE. lU Fhr. Hard as iron, &c. ; hard as B brick ; hard as a nail ; hard as a deal board ; stiflf as buckram ; stifF as a poker. 325. Elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency, con- tractility, 195, compressibility. Indian rubber, caoutchouc, whale- bone. V. To be elastic, &c., to spring back, fly back, rebound, recoil, 277. Yielding, bending, flabby, floo- culent, downy, flimsy, spongy, oedematous, dough, argillaceous, mellow. Phr. Soft as butter ; soft as down ; soft as silk ; yielding as wax ; tender as a chicken. 326. Inelasticity, want or ab- sence of elasticity, 324. Adj. Inelastic, ductile, limber, &c. Adj. Elastic, tensile, springy, resilient, renitent, buoyant. 327. Tenacity, toughness, strength, cohesion, 46, sequacity, stubbornness. V. To be tenacious, &c., to re- sist, fracture. Adj. Tenacious, tough, stubborn, cohesive, strong, resisting, coria- ceous, sequacious. Plir. Tough as whit-leather. 328. Beittleness, fragility, crispness, friability, frangibility, fissility. V. To be brittle, break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splinter, crum- ble, break short, burst, fly. Adj. Brittle, frangible, fragile, frail, gimcrack, shivery, fissile, splitting, splintery, crisp, crimp, short, crumbling. Phr. Brittle as glass. 329. Textuke, structure, organization, anatomy, frame, mould, fabric, framework, carcass, architecture, compages, substance, stuflT, parenchyma, constitution, intertexture, contexture, tissue, grain, web, woof, nap, 256. Fineness or coarseness of grain. Science of texture. Histology. Adj. Textural, structural, organic, anatomic, anatomical. Fine, delicate, subtle, fine-grained. Coarse, rough-grained. Dimsy, unsubstantial, gossamery. 330. Pulyekulence, state of powder, sandiness, efflorescence, fria- bility. Powder, dust, sand, shingle, sawdust, grit, meal, bran, flower, lima- ture, filings, debris, detritus, scobs, magistery, crumb, seed, grain, particle. Reduction to powder, pulverization, comminution, granulation, dis- integration, subaction, contusion, trituration, levigation, abrasion, filing, &c., 331, Instruments for pulverization ; a mill, grater, rasp, file, pestle and mortar. V. To reduce to powder, to pulverize, comminute, granulate, tritu- rate, levigate, scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, contuse, contund, beat, crush, cranch, scranch, crumble, disinte- giate. 142 rsrOEGANIC MATTER. Adj. Powdery, granular, mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny, furfura- ceous, flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous, arenarious, arenaceous, gritty, efflorescent, impalpable, pulverizable, pulverulent, friable, crumbly, shivery, pulverized, &c., attrite. 331. Friction, attrition, con- frication, affriction, rubbing, abra- sion, contrition, rub, &g., scouring, limature, filing, rasping, frication. V. To rub, abrade, &c., 330, scrape, scrub, grate, fray, rasp, pare, scour, polish, rub out. 333. Absence of friction. Lubrication, prevention of fric- tion, oiling : Synovia, &c. F. To lubricate, smooth, 255. Adj. Lubricated, &c. 2. Fluid Matter, 1. FLUIDS IN GENERAL. 333. Fluidity, liquidity, liquid- ness. Inelastic fluid, liquid, liquor, lymph, humor, juice, sap, serum, serocity, gravy, rheum, ichor, sa^ nies. Solubility, solubleness. Science of liquids at rest ; Hy- drology, Hydrostatics, Hydrody- namics. F. To be fluid or liquid, to flow, run, 348. Adj. Liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, succulent, sappy, fluent, running. Liquefied, uncongealed, &c., 335. 335. Liquefaction, fusion, melting, coUiquation, eolliquefac- tion, thaw, deliquation. Solution, dissolution, decoction, apozem, lixivium, infusion, &c., liquescency. Solvent, menstruum. F. To render liquid, to liquefy, run, melt, thaw, fuse, solve, dis- solve, resolve ; to hold in solution. Adj. Liquefied, melted, unfrozen, &c., molten, liquescent, liquefiable, deliquescent, soluble. 334. Gaseity, vaporousness. Elastic fluid, gas, air, vapor, ether, steam, fume, reek, effluvi- um. Smoke, cloud, 353. Science of elastic fluids ; Pneu- matics, Aerostatics, Pneumatostat- ics, Aerodynamics. • F. To emit vapor, 336. Adj. Gaseous, aeriform, ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous, volatile, evap- orable. 336. Vaporization, volatiliza- tion, vaporation, evaporation, dis- tillation, sublimation, exhalation, volatility. F. To render gaseous, vapor- ize, volatilize, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, reek, steam, distil, sublime. Adj. Volatilized, &c., volatile evaporable, vaporizable. 2. SPECIFIC FLUIDS. 337. Water, serum, lymph, rheum. Dilution, immersion, maceration, huraectation. infiltration, sprin- 338. Air, common aii-, atmos- pheric air. The atmosphere, the sky, the open air, weather, climate. GCTjF — PLAIN. 143 kling, spargefaction, affusion, irri- gation, doucAe, balneation, bath, in- undation, deluge, 348 ; a diluent. V. To be watery, &c., to reek. To add water, to water, wet, moisten, 339, dilute, dip, immerse, plunge, merge, immerge, steep, souse, duck, submerge, drown, Doak, macerate, pickle, wash, sprin- kle, affuse, splash, swash, douse, drench, slop, slobber, irrigate, in- undate, deluge. To syringe, inject. Adj. Watery, aqueous, aquatic, lymphatic, diluted, &c., reek- ing, dripping, soaking, sodden, soaked, drenched. Wet, washy, sloppy, squashy, splashy, slobbery, diluent, bal- neal. Phr. Wet as a drowned rat ; wet as a rag. Science of air ; Aerology, Aeros- copy. Exposure to the air or weather. Adj. Containing air, windy, flat- ulent, effervescent. Atmospheric, airy, aerial, aeri- form. Adv. In the open air, h la idle dioile, al fresco, sub Jove, sub dio. 339. MoiSTUKE, moistness, hu- midity, dampness, wetness, humec- tation, madefaction, dew, muddi- ness. V. To be moist, &c. To moisten, wet, humect, humec- tate, damp, bedew, imbue, infiltrate, imbrue. Adj. Moist, damp, watery, un- dried, humid, wet, dank, muggy, dewy, roral, rorid, roscid, juicy; swampy, muddy. Fhr. Wringing wet. 341. Ocean, sea, main, the deep, brine, salt water, tide, wave, surge, ooze, &c., 348. Hydrography. Phr. The vasty deep. Neptune, Thetis, Triton, Naiad, &c., trident. Adj. Oceanic, marine, maritime, pelagic, pelagian. Adv. At sea, on sea. 340. Dryness, siccity, aridity, drought. Exsiccation, desiccation, arefac- tion, dephlegmation, drainage. V. To be dry, &c. To render dry, to dry, dry up, exsiccate, desiccate, drain, parch. Adj. Dry, anhydrous, arid, dried, &c., undamped, juiceless, sapless, husky J waterproof. Phr. Dry as a bone ; dry as dust; dry as a stick ; dry as a mummy ; dry as a biscuit. 343. Land, earth, ground, terra firma, continent, mainland, penin- sula, delta, isthmus, tongue of land, oasis. Cape, promontory, &c., 250, head- land, point of land, highland. Coast, shore, seaboard, seaside, scar, seabank, strand, beach, bank, lea. Phr. An iron-bound coast. Soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, clod, clot, rock, crag, &c., 206, mould, subsoil. Adj. Terraqueous, terrene, terrestrial, earthy, continental. Littoral, midland. Adv. Ashore, on shore, on land. 343. G0LF, bay, inlet, bight, estuary, .arm of the sea, armlet, sound, frith, firth, lough, lagoon, 344. Plain, table-land, open' country, the face of the country, champaign country, basin, downs. 144 INOKGAJSriC MATTEE. indraught, cove, creek, strait, Eu- tipus. Lake, loch, mere, tarn, plash, broad, pond, pool, puddle, slab, well, standing water, dead water, tt sheet of water ; fish pond, ditch, dike, &G. Adj. Lacustrine. 345. Maksh, swamp, morass, raarish, moss, fen, bog, quagmire, slough, sump, wash. Adj. Marshy, marsh, swampy, boggy, plushy, poachy, paludal. waste, wild, steppe, pampas, sa- vanna, prairie, heath, common, wold, moor, moorland, the bush, plateau. Phi: A weary waste. Meadow, mead, haugh, pastur- age, park, field, lawn, terrace, es- planade, sward, turf, sod, heather ; lea, grounds, pleasure grounds. Adj. Campestrian, alluvial, champaign. 346. Island, isle, islet, ait, holm, reef, atoll, breaker. Adj. Insular, sea-girt. 3. FLUIDS IN- motion: 347. Fluid in motion. Stream, flow, current, jet, under' V. To flow, stream, issue, run. 348. Water in motion. ElVEK, running water, jet, spirt, squirt, spout, splash, plash, rush, gush, waterspout, sluice, linn (or lin), waterfall, fall, cascade, cata- dupe, cataract, avalanche, inunda- tion, cataclysm, debacle. Irriga- tion, 337. Rain, shower, scud, driving rain, mizzle, drizzle, dripping, siilUcid- ium, flux, flow, profluence, efflu- ence, efilux, effluxion, efflusion, defluxion. Spring, fountain, rill, rivulet, gill, gullet, rillet, streamlet, runnel, sike, burn, beck, brook, stream, river, torrent, rapids, flush, freshet, flood, swash, tide, spring tide, high tide, bore, fresh, current, indraught, reflux, eddy, gurge, whirlpool, re- gurgitation. Confluence, corrivation. The predominance of Aquarius. Wave, billow, surge, swell, rip- ple, ground swell, surf, breakers. Science of fluids in motion ; Hy- drodynamics, Hydraulics, Hydraii- licostatics. current, course. 349. Air in motion. Wind, draught, flatus, afflatits, breath, air, breath of air, pufli whifi', zephyr, blow, drift, aura. Gust, blast, breeze, squall, gale, storm, tempest, hurricane, typhoon, cyclone, levanter, whirlwind, tor- nado, simoon, samiel, harmattan, monsoon, trade wind, sirccco, mis- tral, bise; windiness, ventosity. Anemography. - Phr. A. capful of wind ; a fresh breeze. Insufllation, sufflation, perflatwn, blowing, fanning, ventilation, blovr- ing up, inflation, afflation, sneez- ing, sternutation. Eolus, Boreas, the cave of Eolus. Bellows, blow-pipe, fan, ventila- tor, punka. V. To blow, waft, blow hard, blow a hurricane. To breathe, puff, whifl', whiffle, wheeze, snuffle, sniffle, sneeze, cough. To fan, ventilate, inflate, perflate, blow up. Phr. To blow great guns. SEMILIQUIDITY — BUBBLE. 145 Adj. Blowing, &o., windy, breezy, gusty, squuUy, stormy, tempestuous, blustering. F. To flow, run, meander, gush, spout, roll, jet, well, drop, drip, trickle, dribble, ooze, 295, perco- late, distil, transcolate, transude, stream, sweat, perspire, overflow, flow over, sjilash, swash, guggle, gurgle, sputter, spurt, regurgitate. To rain, rain hard, pour with rain, drizzle, spit, mizzle, set in. To flow into, fall into, open into, discharge itself, disembogue, debouch, disgorge. Thr. To rair, in torrents ; to rain cats and dogs, and pitch- forks. To cause a flow ; to pour, drop, distil, splash, squirt, spill, drain; empty, discharge, pour out, open the sluices, or flood- gates ; shower down, 297. Irrigate, 337. To stop a flow, to stanch, dam, dam up, 261, intercept. Adj. Fluent, difiiuent, profluent, affluent, tidal, flowing, &o., babbling, bubbling, purling, gurgling, meandering, meandry, meandrous. Fluvial, fluviatile, streamj', showery, rainy, pluvial, stillici- dous. 350. Channel for the passage of water. Conduit, channel, duct; water- course, race, adit, aqueduct, canal, sluice, dike, main^ gully, moat, ditch, trough, gutter, drain, sewer, culvert, cloaca, sough, kennel, si- phon, pipe, emunotory, gully-hole, artery, aorta, pore, spout, scupper, ajutage, waste-pipe, hose ; gargoyle. Floodgate, dam, Watergate, lock, valve. 3. Imperfect Fluids. 351. Channel for the passage of air. AlK-PlPE, air-tube, shaft, flue, chimney, vent, blow-hole, nostril, nozzle, throat, weasand, trachea, windpipe, spiracle, ventiduct. Ventilator, louvre. 352. SEMILIQUIDITY, viscidity, viscosity, ropiness, sliminess, gum- miness, siziness, clamminess, mu- cosity, spissitude, lentor, thickness, crassitude. Inspissation, thickening, incras- sation. Jelly, mucilage, gelatin, mucus, gum, , albumen, size, milk, cream, emulsion, soup, squash, mud, slush. V. To inspissate, thicken, incras- sale, mash, squash, churn, beat up. Adj. Semifluid, semiliquid, milky, emulsive, creamy, curd)', thick, suc- culent, squashy. 13 353, Mixture of air and water. Bubble, foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast. Cloud, vapor, fog, mist, haze, scud, rack, nimbus, cumulus, &c. Science of clouds, Nephelog- nosy. Efiervescence, foaming, man- tling, fermentation, frothing, &c. V. To bubble, boil, foam, froth, mantle, sparkle, guggle, gurgle, eff'ervesce, ferment. Adj. Bubbling, boiling, foaming, frothing, frDthy,nappy,effervesceut| 146 OKGANIO MAXTEK. Gelatinous, albuminous, gummy, amylaceous, mucilaginous, glairy, slimy, ropy, clammy, glutinous, 46, viscid, viscous, sticky, slab, slabby, ■ sizy, lentous. 354. Pulpiness, pulp, paste, dougb, curd, pap, rob, jam, pud- ding, poultice, grume. Jdj. Pulpy, pappy, pasty, pulta- ceous, grumous, doughy. effervescing, fermenting, sparkling, mantling, moussetix. 355. Unctuousness, unctuos- ity, oiliness, greasiness, slippcri- ness, lubricity. Lubrication, anointment. V. To oil, grease, anoint, wax, lubricate. Adj. Unctuous, oily, oleaginous, adipose, sebaceous, fat, fatty, greasy, waxy, butyraceous, soapy, saponaceous, pinguid, larda- ceous. 356. Oil, fat, butter, cream, grease, tallow, suet, lard, drip- ping, blubber, pomatum, pomade, stearine, elaine, oleagine, soap, wax, spermaceti, adipocire. Ointment, unguent, liniment. Section III. ORGANIC MATTER. 1. Vitality. 1. VITALITY IN GENERAL. 357. Oeganization, the organ- ized world, organized nature, living nature, animated nature, living be- ings. The science of living beings ; Bi- ology, Natural History,* Organic Chemistry. 359. Life, vitality, animation, viability, the vital spark or flame ; the breath of life ; the breath of qne's nostrils; life-blood; Archeus. Vivification, revivification. The science of life ; Physiology, tl e animal economy. V. To be living, alive, &c., to live, breathe, respire ; to be born. Plir. To see the light ; to come into the world; to fetch or draw breath ; to draw the breath of life. To come to life, to revive, to come to. 358. Inorganization, the min- eral world or kingdom, unorgan- ized, inorganic, brute or inanimate matter. The science of the mineral king- dom; Mineralogy, Geognosy, Ge- ology, Metallurgy, &c. 360. Beath, decease, dissolu- tion, demise, departure, ohit, ex- piration; termination, close or extinction of life, of existence, &c., mortality, doom, fate, release, rest, quietus, loss, fall, bereavement; sideration. Euthanasia. Last breath, last gasp, last ago- nies, the death rattle, dying breath, agonies of death, dying agonies. P/u: The ebb of life ; the jaws of death ! Le chant du cygne ; the Stygian shore. K To die, expire, perish. * Tho terra Natural History is also used as relating to nil tlie objcots in Nature, whether organic or inorganic, nud including, therefore. Mineralogy, Qeology, Me- teorology, &o. KILLING. 14T To give birth to, 161. To bring, restore, or recall to life, to vivify, revive, revivify, re- animate. Phr. To keep life and soul to- gether. Adj. Living, alive, in life, above ground, breathing, quick. Vital, vivifying, vivified. Prome- thean. Fhr. All alive and kicking; in the land of the living. Phr. To breathe one's last ; cease to live ; depart this life ; be no more, go ofi', drop off, pop off, lose one's life, drop down dead ; resign, lay down, relinquish, or surrender one's life; drop or sink into the grave; close one's eyes; break one's neck ; fall dead ; to give up the ghost ; to be all over with one ; to pay the debt to nature ; to take one's last sleep ; to shuffle off this mortal coil ; to go to one's last home ; to go the way of all flesh ; to cross the Stygian ferry ; to go off like the snufif of a candle ; to be numbered with the dead ; to make one's will ; to die a natural death ; to come to an un- timely end ; to kick the bucket ; to hop the twig ; to go to the ■wall. Adj. Dead, lifeless, deceased, demised, gone, departed, de- funct, exanimate, inanimate, out of the world, mortuary. Dying, expiring, moribund, morient, hippocratic, in articulo, in extremis, in the agony of death, &c., going, life-ebbing, going off, life failing, aux abois ; having received one's death warrant, Phr. Dead and gone ; dead as a door-nail; dead as mutton; dead as a door-post ; dead as a herring ; dead as nits ; launched into eternity ; gone to one's last home ; gathered to one's fa- thers ; gone to Davy Jones's locker ; the grave closing over one. At death's door ; on one's death-bed ; at the point of death ; near one's end ; in the jaws of death ; death staring one in the face ; one's days being numbered ; having one foot in the grave ; one's hour being come ; being on one's last legs ; at the last gasp ; life hanging by a thread ; gone to one's long account. Adv. Before the breath is out of the body ; post mortem . post obit. 361. Destruction of life ; violent death. Killing, homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination, suffoca- tion, strangulation, garotte, blood, gore, bloodshed, slaughter, carnage, butchery, massacie, fusillade, noyade, asphyxia, Thuggism. An Acel- dama. Suicide,/efo de se, Execution, 972, death blow, coup_ de grace. Destruction of animals, slaughtering, &c., Phthisozoics.* Slaughter-house, shambles, abattoir. A butcher, slayer, murderer, assassin, cutthroat, bravo. Thug, Mo- loch, executioner, 975. V. To kill, put to death, slay, murder, assassinate, slaughter, bntcher, immolate, massacre ; take away, or deprive of life, make away with, put an end to, despatch, burke, settle, do for, brain. To strangle, throttle, bowstring, choke, stifle, suffocate, smother, as- * Bcntliam, Chrcstoraatliia, 148 ORGANIC MATTER. phyxiate, drown, liang, turn off; to commit suicide; to make away with one's self. To cut down, sabre, cut to pieces, cut of, cut the throat, stab, shoot, behead, decapitate, execute, 972. Phr. To' put to the sword ; to run through the body ; to put to the edge of the sword ; to blow the brains out ; to knock on the head ; to give a quietus to ; to give a death blow to ; to shed blood j to launch into eternity ; to imbrue one's hands in blood : a death blow. Adj. Killing, &c., murderous, slaughterous, sanguinary, bloodstained. Mortal, fatal, deadly, lethal, internecine, mortiferous, suicidal, 657. 362. Corpse, corse, carcass, bones, skeleton, defunct, relic, remains, dust, ashes, earth, clay, mummy, carrion, food for worms. Shade, ghost, manes. 363. Interment, burial, sepulture, inhumation, obsequies, exequies, funeral, wake, pyre, funeral pile, cremation. Funeral rite, or solemnity ; knell, passing bell, tolling, dirge, re- quiem, epicedium, obit, death-song, dead march, coronach. Grave-clothes, shroud, winding-sheet, cere-cloth, cerement. Coffin, shell, sarcophagus, urn, pall, bier, hearse, catafalque. Grave, pit, sepulchre, tomb, vault, crypt, catacomb, mausoleum, house of death, burial-place ; cemetery, necropolis, burial-ground, grave-yard, mortuary, tope (Buddhist), cromlech, barrow, tumulus, cairn, ossuary, charnel-house, la morgue. ilonument, cenota])h, shrine, gravestone ; epitaph, memento mori, liic jacet. Exhumation, disinterment. V. To inter, bury, lay in the grave, consign to the grave or tomb, entomb, intomb, inhume, lay out. Pin: To put to bed with a shovel. To exhume, disinter. Adj. Buried, &c., bmial, funeral, funebrial, mortuary, sepulchral. 2. SPECIAL VITALITY. 364. Animality, animal life, animation, breath, animalization. Flesh, flesh and blood. 366. Animal, the animal king- dom, fauna. A beast, brute, creature ; created being; creeping or living thing; dumb creature ; flocks and herds. Cattle, kine, &c. Game, fera natura. Phr. the beasts of the ficUl; the fowls of the air ; the denizens of the day. Mammal, quadruped, bird, rep- tile, fish, moUusk, worm, insect, zoophyte, animalcule, &o. 365. Vegetability, vegetable life, vegetation. 367. Vegetable, plant, the vegetable kingdom, flora. Tree, fruit-tree, shrub, bush, creeper, herb, herbage, grass ; a perennial, an annual, biennial, &c., an exotic. Forest, wood, hurst, frith, holt, greenwood, bush, brake, grove, copse, hocage, plantation, arbore- tum, thicket, underwood, brush- wood, jungle; clump of trees; garden, espalier, tope, parterre; park, chase, weald. MAN — ^VOMAN. 149 Adj. Animal, zoological, pisca- tory, fishy, molluscous, vermicular, &c. Foliage ; furze, gorse, &c. Eortus siccus, herbarium, herbal. A(^'. Vegetable, vegetous, her- baceous, herbal, botanic, sylvan, woody, grassy ; verdant ; rural. 369. The science of plants ; Botany, Phytography, Phytol- ogy, Vegetable Physiology, Her- borization j Dendrology, Algology, &c. ; Pomona. F. To botanize, herborize. 371. The economy or manage- ment of plants : Agricoltuke, cultivation, hus- bandry, farming, Geoponics, geor- gics, tillage, agronomy, gardening, horticulture, vintage, &c., arbori- culture, floriculture. Vineyard, vinery, garden, bed, nursery, arboretum, agronome, hot- house, orchard, conservatory,green- house, winter garden, pinery, &e. A husbandman, horticulturist. 368. The science of animals: Zoology, Zodgraphj', Anatomy, Zootomy, Comparative Anatomy, Animal or Comparative Physiology, Morphology. Ornithology, Ichthyology, Her- petology, Ophiology, Malacology, Helminthology, Entomology, Oryc- tology. Palaeontology. 370. The economy or manage- ment of animals : CicuRATlON, Zobhygiantics.* Domestication, domesticity. Training, breaking in. Manege, fishery. Menagery, aviary, apiary, viva- rium, aquarium, &c. Destruction of animals, Phthiso- zoics.* V. To tame, domesticate, train, tend, &c., break in. gardener, florist, agriculturist, agricultor, farmer, cultivator. V. To cultivate, tilli garden, farm. AAj. Agricultural, agrarian, arable, pastoral, bucolic, agrestic. 372. Mankind ; the human race or species ; man, human nature, humanity, mortality, flesh, generation. The science of man ; Anthropology, Anthropography, Anthroposophy, Ethnology, Ethnography. Human being, person, individual, creature, fellow-creature, mortal, body, somebody, one, some one, a soul, living soul ; earthling ; party, personage; inhabitant, 188. Dramatis personam. People, persons, folk, population, the public, society, the world, the community, the million, nation, state, realm, commonwealth, republic, commonweal, nationality. Phr. The lords of the creation ; the body politic. Adj. Human, mortal, personal, individual ; national, civic, publ'o, Bocial, cosmopolitan. 373. Man, manhood, virility ; he. A gentleman, sir, master, yeoman, citizen, cit, denizen, burgess, cos- mopolite, wight, swain, fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man, master. 374. Woman, female, feminal- ity, womanhood, muliebrity; she. Womankind, the se.x, the fair, the fair sex, the softer sex ; a net- ticoat. Phr. The weaker vessel. 13' * Bentham, 150 OEGANIO MATTER. Arlj. Male, masculine, manly, Dame, madam, madame, mis- virile, tress, ladj', donna, belle, matron, dowager; goody, gammer, good woman, good wife. Damsel, girl, lass, lassie, maid, maiden, demoiselle, nymph, wench, grisette. Adj. Female, feminine, womanly, ladylike, matronly, maidenly. 2. Sensation. (1.) SENSATION IN OENEJIAL. 375. PuYsiCAL Sensibility, sensitiveness, feeling, perceptivity, (esthetics, acuteness, &o. Sensation, imijrcssion, conscious- ness, 490. The external senses, sensation. V. To be sensible of, to feel, perceive, be conscious of. To render sensible, to sharpen. To cause sensation, to impress, excite, or produce an impression. A^. Sensible, conscious, sensi- tive, sensuous, {esthetic, perceptive. Acute, sharp, keen, vivid, lively, impressive. 377. Physical Pleasuee, bod- ily enjoyment, animal gratification, luxury, sensuality, voluptuousness. FJir. A bed of roses, a bed of down, velvet, clover, 827. V. To feel, experience, receive, &c., pleasure ; to enjoy, relish, lux- uriate, revel, riot, bask, wallow in. To cause or give physical pleas- ure, to gratify, tickle, regale, &c., 829. Adj. Enjoying, &o, 376. Physical Insensibilitt, obtusencss, dulness, apathy, cal- lousness, 823, paralysis. AniEsthetic agent ; opium, ether, chloroform. V. To be insensible, &c. To render insensible, to blunt, dull, obtund, benumb, paralyze. Adj. Insensible, unfeeling, sense- less, impercipient, apathetic, cal- lous, obtuse, dull, anicsthetio, para- lytic, &o., unaifected, untouched, &c. Phr. Having a rhinoceros hide. 378. Physical Pain, bodily pain,- suffering, sufferance, dolor, ache, aching, smart, smarting, shoot, shooting, twinge, twitch, gripe, griping, headache, sore, &o., 828. Spasm, cramp, nightmare, crick, ephialtes, convulsion, throe. Pang, anguish, agony, torment, torture, rack, cruciation, crucifix- ion, martyrdom. V. To feel, experience, suffer, &c., pain; to suffer, ache, smart, bleed, tingle, gi'ipe, shoot, twinge, twitch, lancinate, wince, writhe. Phr. To sit on thorns; to sit on pins and needles. To give or inflict pain ; to pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite, gnaw, pinch, tweak, grate, gall, fret, prick, pierce, &o., wring, con- vulse, torment, torture, rack, agonize, crucify, cruciate, break on the wheel, &c., 972. A<^'. In pain, in a state of pain, &c., pained, &c. Painful, aching, &o., sore, raw, agonizing, excruciating, &e. HEAT — COLD. 151 (2.) SPECIAL SENSATION. 1. Touch. 379. Sensation of pressure. Touch, tact, taction, taetility, feeling, palpation, manipulation, pal- pability. Organ of touch, hand, finger, forefinger, thumb, paw, feeler, an- tenna. V. to touch, feel, handle, finger, thumb, paw, fumble, tweedle or twiddle, grope, grabble; to pass or run the fingers over ; to manipu- late, Phr. To throw out a feeler. A<^. Tactual, tangible, palpable, tactile. 380. Sensations of Touch. Itching, titillation, formication, &c., creeping, aura, tingling, thrill- ing. V. To itch, tingle, creep, tin-ill ; to tickle, titillate. A(^. Itching, &c. 381. Insensibility to touch. Numbness, deadness, ancestJie- sia. V. To benumb, paralyze, to put under the influence of chloroform. Adj. Numb, benumbed, intangi- ble, impalpable. 2. Heat. 382. Heat, caloric, tempera- ture, warmth, fervor, calidity, in- calescence, incandescence, glow, flush ; fever, hectic. Fire, spark, scintillation, flash, flame, blaze, bonfire, firework, wild- fire, pyrotechny, ignition, 394. Summer, dog-days, tropical or Bengal heat, insolation, sirocco, simoom. Science of heat ; Pyrology, Ther- mology, Thermotics. V. To be hot, to glow, flush, sweat, swelter, bask, smoke, reek, stew, simmer, seethe, boil, burn, broil, blaze, smoulder. fhr. To be in a heat, in a glow, in a fever, in a blaze, &c. A<^'. Hot, warm, mild, unfrozen, genial, tepid, lukewarm, blood-hot, blood-warm, thermal, calorific, sun- ny, close, sultry, baking, boiling, broiling, torrid, tropical, estival, canicular, glowing, piping, scald- ing, reeking, &c., on fire, afire, fer- vid, fervent, ardent, unquenched. 383. Cold, frigidity, coolness, gelidness, chillness, freshness, in- clemency, fresco. Frost, ice, snow, sleet, hail, hail- stone, rime, hoarfrost, icicle, ice- berg, glacier. Winter. Incombustibility, incombustible- ness. Sensation of cold, chilliness, chill, shivering, shuddering, goose- skin, riffor, horripilation, chatter- ing of teeth, &c. V. To be cold, &c., to shiver, quake, shake, tremble, shudder, didder, quiver. Adj. Cold, cool, chill, gelid, frigid, bleak, raw, inclement, bitter, biting, niveous, cutting, nipping, piercing, clay-cold, fresh, algid, pinched, starved, shivering, &c., ag\iish,transi defroid, frost-bitten, frost-nipped, frost-bound. Unthawed, unwarmed. Incombustible. Fhr. Cold as a stone ; cold as marble ; cold as a frog; cold as 152 OKGANIC MATTER. Plir. Hot as fire ; warm as a toast, ; warm as wool ; piping hot. Igneous, fiery, incandescent, red- hot, white-hot, incalescent, smok- ing, blazing. Unextinguished, smouldering. Isothermal. charity; cold as Christmas; cool as a cucumber ; cool as a custard. Icy, glacial, frosty, freezing, win- try, brumal, hibernal, boreal, arc- tic, hyemal, hyperborean (or hy- perboreal), icebound ; thick-ribbed ice. Adv. Apierrefendre. 385. Eefkigekation, infrigida- tion, reduction of temperature cooling, freezing, congealing, con- gelation, conglaciation. V. To cool, fan, refrigerate, con- geal, freeze, glaciate, benumb, re- fresh, damp, slack, quench, put out, blow out, extinguish, starve, pinch, cut, pierce. To go out. Adj. Cooled, frozen, benumbed. &c., frigorific. 384. Calefactiox, increase of temperature, heating. Melting, fusion, liquefaction, thaw, liquescence, liquation. Burning, ambustion, combustion, incension, accension, cremation, cautery, roasting, broiling, frying, torrefaction, scoriflcation, brand- ing, ustulation, calcination, incin- eration, cineration, carbonization. Boiling, coction, ebullition, es- tuation, simmering, scalding, elix- ation, decoction, smelting, inciner- ation. Ignitiori, inflammation, setting fire to, adustion, flagration, deflagration, conflagration, incen- diarism, arson, auto dafd. Inflammability, combustibility. Incendiary. Transmission of heat. Diathermancy, transcalency. F. To heat, warm, chafe, stive, fire, set fire to, set on fire, kindle, enkindle, light, ignite. Ehr. To set on iire ; to apply the match to, stir the fire, blow the fire, fan the flame ; to make a bonfire of. To melt, thaw, fuse, liquefy. To burn, inflame, roast, toast, broil, fry, grill, singe, parcn, scorch, brand, torrify, bake, cauterize, sear, char, calcine, incin- erate, smelt, scorifj', reduce to ashes, to burn to a cinder. To boil, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer. To take fire, catch fire, kindle, light, ignite. Adj. Heated, warmed, &c., melted, &c., unfrozen. Bulled, stewed, sodden, &c. Heating, combustible, &c. 387. Refrigeratory, ii house, freezing-mixture, cooler. 386. Furnace, stove, kiln, oven, bake-house, hot-house, con- servatory, focus, firejjlace, grate, rCTcrberatory, range, athanor, hyp- ocaust, fiery furnace, brasier, sala- mander, heater, warming-pan, stew-pan, boiler, caldron, kettle, chafing-dish, gridiron, frying-pan, sudatory. 388. Fuel, firing, coal, coke, charcoal, peat, fire-wood, fagot, combustible, embers, ingle, tinder, touch-wood. Lucifer, brand, match, congreve-match, firebrand, port-fire, fire- barrel, fire-ball. SWEETNESS — SOTJENESS. 153 389. Tdeemometek, pyrometer, calorimeter, thermoscope. 3. Taste. 391. Insipidity, tastelessness, insipidness, vapidness, mawkish- ness, mildness. V. To be void of taste, to be tasteless, &c. Adj. Insipid, tasteless, gustless, savorless, ingustible, mawkish, flat, vapid, fade, wish-wash, mild; — untasted. 390. Taste, flavor, gust, gusto, savor, sapor, twang, smack, smatch, sapidity, after-taste. Tasting, gustation, degustation. Palate, tongue, tooth, stomach. V. To taste, savor, smack, smatch, flavor, twang. Phr. To smack the lips. Adj. Sapid, gustable, gustatory, saporific. 392. Pungency, Tiaut-gout, strong taste, twang, raciness, race, saltness, sharpness, roughness, dram, cordial, condiment, 393. V. To be pungent, &c. To render pungent, to season, spice, sdt, pepper, pickle, brine, devil. Adj. Pungent, strong, high-flavored, high-tasted, haut-gout, shai'p, piquant, racy, biting, mordant, spicy, seasoned, high-seasoned, hot, peppery, vellicating, escharotic. Salt, saline, brackish. Fhr. Salt as brine ; salt as a herring ; salt as Lot's wife ; hot as pepper. 393. Condiment, salt, mustard, pepper, cayenne, curry, seasoning, spice, sauce piquante, caviare, pot-herbs. 394. Sayoriness, palatable- ness, daintiness, delicacj-, relish, zest. A tit-bit, dainty, delicacy, am- brosia, nectar, bonne-louche. V. To be savory, &c. To render palatable, &c. To relish, Uke, smack the lips. Adj. Savory, well-tasted, palata- ble, nice, dainty, delectable, tooth- some, gustful, appetizing, delicate, ielicious, exquisite, rich, luscious, ambrosial. Fhr. Cela se laisse manger. 396. Sweetness, dulcitude, nectar, sugar, syrup, treacle, mo- lasses, honey, manna, confection, conserve, jam, julep, sugar-candy, plum, sugar plum, lollipop, 6o»- 395. Unsavokiness, unpalata- bleness, bitterness, amaritude, ac- rimony, acritude, roughness, acer- bity, austerity, gall and wormwood, rue. V. To be unpalatable, &c. To sicken, disgust, nauseate, palL Adj. Unsavory, unpalatable, ill- flavored, bitter, unsweet, acrid, acrimonious, rough, austere. Offensive, repulsive, nasty, ful- some, sickening, nauseous, nau- seating, disgusting, loathsome, palling. Fhr. Bitter as gall; bitter as aloes. 397. SoiTKNESS, acid, acidity, tartness, crabbedness, hardness, roughness, the acetous fermenta- tion. Vinegar, verjuice, crab, alum. 154 OEGANIC MATTEB. bon, comfit, sweetmeat, hydromel, honfiysuokle. Dulcification, dulcoration. V. To be sweet, &'c. To rentier sweet, to sweeten, edul- corate, candy, dulcorate, dulcify. Adj. Sweet, saccharine, saccha- riferous, dulcet, candied, honeyed, luscious, lush, edulcorated, nectari- ous. PJir. Sweet as a nut. F. To he sour, &c. Phi: To set the teeth on edge. To render sour, turn sour, acid- ify, acidulate. Adj. Sour, acid, tart, crabbed, acidulous, sourish, acescent, sub- acid, acetous, acetose, styptic, hard, rough. Phr. Sour as vinegar ; sour as a crab. 4. Odor. 398. Odor, smell, odorament, scent, effluvium, emanation, fume, exhalation, essence j trail, nidor, redolence. The sense of smell, act of smelling. V. To have an odor, to smell of, to exhale, to give out a smell, &c. To smell, scent, snuff, snifi', nose. Adj. Odorous, odoriferous, smelling, strong-scented, redolent, graveolent, nidorous, pungent. Relating to the sense of smell j olfactory ; quick-scented. 399. Inodorotjsness, absence or want of smell. V. To be inodorous, &o. Adj. Inodorous, scentless, want- ing smell, inodorate. F. To deodorize. 400. Fragrance, aroma, redo lence, perfume, bouquet. Incense, musk, frankincense, ottar, bergamot, balm, pot-pourri, pulvil, scent-bag, sachet, nosegay. V. To perfume, scent, embalm. Adj. Fragrant, aromatic, redo- lent, balmy, scented, sweet-smell- ing, sweet-scented, perfumed, mus- cadine. 401, Fetor, strong smell, em- pyreitma, stench, stink, mustiness, fustiness, rancidity, foulness, pu- trescence, putridity. A pole-cat, skunk, assafelida j a stink-pot. V. To smell, to stink. Phr. To stink in the nostril.s. Ai^. Fetid, strong - smelling, noisome, offensive, rank, rancid, reasty, mouldy, fusty, musty, foul, frowzy, olid, olidous, nidorous, fulsome, stinking, rotten, putrescent, putrid, putrefying, meijhitio, empyreumatio. 5. Sound. (1.) Sound 402. Soi;nd, noise, strain, voice, 680, accent, twang, intonation, res- onance ; sonorousness, audiblcness. Science of Sound | Acoustics (or Aoustics), Phonics, Phonetics, Phonology, Diacoustics, Dia- phonics. F. To produce sound ; to sound ; make a noise ; give out or emit sound ; to resound. IN GENEr.AL. 403. Silence, stillness, quiet, peace, calm, hush, lull; mutencas, 581. F. To be silent, &c. Phr. To keep silence ; to hold one's tongue ; to hold one's peace. To render silent, to silence, still, hush, stille, mufilc, muzzle, gag. A^J. Silent, still, noiseless, soundless, inaudible, hushed, &c., SNAP — KOiL. 155 Adj. Sonorous, sounding, son- orific, soniferous, resonnant, au- dible. 404. Loudness, din, clangor, clang, roar, uproar, racket, hubbub, flo'jrish of trumpeft, fanfare, tin- tamarre, peal, swell, blast, echo, fracas, clamor, huUaballoo, chorus, hue and cry, larura, whoop, chari- vari, vociferation, lungs. Stentor. Artillery, cannon, thunder. V. To be loud, &;c., to resound, echo, re-echo, peal, swell, clang, rend the an-, boom, thunder, ful- minate, roar, hoop, shout, s'egosil- ler, 411, deafen, stun. Phr. To pierce, split or rend the ears, or head ; to din in the ear ; to shout, or thunder at the pitch of one's breath, or at the top of one's voice ; faire le diahle a quatre. Adj. Loud, resounding, &c., sonorous, high-sounding, big- sounding, deep, full, swelling, clam- orous, vociferous, multisonous, stunning, piercing, splitting, rending, deafening, ear-deafening, ear-piercing, obstreperous, deep-mouthed, open-mouthed, trum- pnt-tongued, uproarious, stentorian, stentorophonic. Fhr. Enough to split the head, or the ears. Adv. Loudly, aloud, &c. Phr. At the top of one's voice ; in full cry. (2.) Specific Souxds. mute, mum. solemn, awful, death- Uke. Phr. Still as a mouse ; death- like silence ; silent as the grave. Adv. Silently, softly, &o., sith silentio. Int. Hush ! silence ! scft ! mum ! whist ! tush ! chut ! tut ! 405. Faintness, lowness, faint sounds, whisperj undertone, breath, under-breath, murmur, mutter, hum, susurration. Hoarseness, huskincss, raucity. V. To whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow. Phi: To steal on the ear ; to melt or float on the air. Adj. Inaudible, scarcely audible, low, dull, stifled, muffled, hoarse, husky, gentle, breathed, &c., soft, faint, floating, purling, &c., liquid, melUfluous, dulcet, flowing, sooth- ing. Adv. In a whisper, with bated breath, soito voce, between the teeth, aside, piano, pianissimo, a la soiirdine. 406. Sudden and violent sounds. Snap, knock, click, clash, slam, ciack, crackling, crepitation, de- crepitation, report, pop, bang, clap, tap, burst, explosion, discharge, crash, detonation, firing, salvo. Squib, cracker, gun, popgun. F, To snap, tap, knock, &c., brustle. Adj. Snapping, &c. 407. Repeated and protracted sounds. Roll, .rumble, rumbling, hum, humming, shake, trill, chime, tick, beat, toll, tattoo, ding-dong, drum- ming, rat-a-tat, rub-a-dub, quaver, cuckoo, clatter, clutter, rattle, racket, patter, tantararare. Phr. The devil's tattoo. V. To roll, beat, tick, toll, drum. Phr. To drum, or din in the ear. Adj. Rolling, rumbling, &c. 156 OEGANIC MATTER. 409- Hissing sounds. SiBlLATlON, hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle, fizz, fizzle, wheeze, whistle, snuffle, squash, sneeze, sternutation. V. To hiss, buzz, &c. Adj. Sibilant, hissing, buzzing, &o. High notes, 410. 408. Resonance, ring, ringing, jingle (or gingle), chink, tinkle, tink, guggle, chime. Reflection, reverberation, echo. V. To resound, ring, jingle, clink, &c. ; echo, reverberate. Adj. Resounding, resonant, tin- nient, ringing, &c. Phr. Clear as a bell. Base, low, bass, flat or grave note, barytone, deep-toned, deep- sounding, deep-mouthed, hollow, sepulchral. 410. Harsh sounds. Steidoe, jar, grating, creak, clank, twang, jangle, jarring, creaking, rustling, roughness, grufihess, sharpness. High note, shrillness, acuteness, soprano, falsetto, treble, penny- trumpet, voce di testa. V. To creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, nistle, clank. Phr. To set the teeth on edge; to grate upon the ear; c'corcherles oreilles. Adj. Stridulous, jarring, &c., harsh, coarse, discordant, scrannel, 414, cacophonous, rough, grufi', grum, sepulchral. Sharp, high, acute, shrill, piping, screaming. 411. Human sounds, see Voice, 580. Cey, vociferation, outcry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, halloo, hulla- balloo, hoop, whoop, yell, cheer, hoot, howl, chorus, scream, screech, screak, shriek, squeak, squall.whine, pule, pipe, grumble, plaint, moan, groan, snore, snort. V. To vociferate, call out, roar, shout, bawl, &c., raise or lift up the voice. Adj. Vociferating, &c., 404. 412. Animal sounds. Ultjlation, latration, cry, roar, bellow, reboation, bark, yelp, howl, bay, baying, yap, growl, grunt, gruntle, snort, neigh, bray, belling, croak, snarl, howl, mew, mewl, cat- erwauling, purr, pule, bleat, low, caw, coo, cackle, gobble, quack, guggle, squeak, chuckle, chuck, cluck, clack, chirp, chirrup, crow, woodnote, twitter. Insect, cry, fritancy, drone. Cuckoo, screech-owl. V. To cry, bellow, rebellow, &c. Phr. To bay the moon j to roar like a bull, or lion. Adj. Crying, &c., blatant, latrant, remugient. (3.) Musical Sounds. 413. Melody, rhythm. Pitch, note, tone, timbre, intona- ,ion, treble, tenor, bass : high or low, acute or grave notes, alto, con- tralto, soprano, barytone, falsetto. Scale, interval, gamut, diapason ; diatonic, chromatic and enharmon- 414. Discord, discordance, dis- sonance, jar, jarring, cacophony; caterwauling. Hoarseness, croaking, &c., 410. Confused sounds ; Babel, Dutch concert ; a cat's concert ; marrow- bones and cleavers. Mxrsic. 157 V. To be discordant, &c., to croak, grate, jar. Adj. Discordant, dissonant, out of tune, tuneless, absonant, unmu- sical, unmelodious, unharmonious, inharmonious, untunable ; sing- song. Cacophonous, harsh, hoarse, croaking, grating, jarring, stridu- lous, &c., 410. ic scales ; key, clef, chords ; mod- ulation, temperament, solfeggio, syncopation. Staff (or stave), lines, spaces, brace ; bar, rest, appogiatura. Notes of a scale ; sharps, flats, naturals; breve, semibreve, minim, crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, demi- semiquaver, &c. Tonic, supertonic, mediant, sub- dominant, dominant, submediant, octave, tetrachord, major and mi- nor modes, &c., passage, &c. Concord, harmony, unison, unisonance, chime, homophony, concent, consonance, euphony ; harmonics. Science of harmony; Harmonics; Thorough-bass„Fundameri- tal bass. Counterpoint. V. To harmonize, chime, symphonize ; to be in unison, &c. Adj. Harmonious, harmonical, in concord, in unison, in tune, in concert, in harmony, unisonant, concentual, symphonizing, isotonic, horaophonous. Measured, rhythmical, diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic. Melodious, musical, tuneful, tunable, sweet, dulcet, canorous, mellow, mellifluous, silver-toned, euphonious, euphonic, euphon- ical, symphonious ; enchanting, ravishing, &o. 415. Music, strain, tune, air, aria, arietta, sonata, rondo, pastorale, fantasia, concerto, overture, symphony, accompaniment, recitativo, va- riations ; fugue, march, pibroch, minuetto, gavotta, waltz, &c., serenade, jig, dithyramb, opera, oratorio, &c., composition, score, stave. Instrumental music, solo, duet, trio, quartet, &c. ; full score, min- strelsy, band, orchestra. Vocal music, chant (or chaunt), psalmody, psalm, hymn, song, sonnet, canticle, canzonet, cantata, bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, pastoral, reci- tative : Solo, duet, trio, &c. ; glee, catch, canon, madrigal, choir (or quire), chorus, antiphon. Dirge, requiem, lullaby, knell, lament, coronah, pibroch. Performance, execution, touch, expression, roulade, cadence. Apollo. The Muses ; Erato, Euterpe, Terpsichore. V. To play, pipe, fiddle, strike, strike up, thrum, strum, grind, touch, tweedle, sound the trumpet, &c., execute, perform. To compose, to set to music. To sing, chant (or chaunt), hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, purl, quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle. To put in tune, to tune, attune, accord, string. Adj. Musical, harmonious, &c., 413, instrumental, vocal, choral, operatic, performing, playing, singing, &c. ,,, Adv. Adagio, largo, andante, andantino, larglietto, maestoso, mod- erato, allegretto, spirituoso, vivace, velgce, allegro, presto, prestissimo ; — scherzo, scherzando, legato, staccato, crescendo, diminuendo, rallen- tando, &c. 14 158 OKGAKXC MATIMR. 416. Musician, performer, player, minstrel, siren (or syren). Organist, pianist, harper, violinist, fiddler, flutist, fifer, trumpetiii, piper, drummer, &o. ; band, orchestra, waits. Vocalist, singer, songster, songstress, warbler, chanter, chantress, cantairice, improvisatore, troubadour, minnesinger. Nightingale, Phil- omel, thrush, &c. Orpheus. Chorus, choir, quire. Phr. The tuneful nine, " The tuneful quire.'' 417. Musical Instruments. 1. Stringed instruments; Monochord, polychord, harp, i)re, lute, mandolin, f^uitar, gittern, cithern, rebeck, bandurria, &c. Violin, fiddle, kit, viola or tenor, cremona, violoncello, viol-d'amor, base- viol (or bass-viol), bassetto, double-bass, violone, psaltery, &c. Pianoforte, harpsichord, clavier, clavichord, spinet, virginal, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, or vielle, Eolian harp, &c. 2. Wind instruments ; Organ, syren, pipe, pitch-pipe, Pandean pipes, flute, fife, piccolo, clarionet, cornet, cornet a piston, clarion, flageolet, oboe (or hautboy), bassoon, serpent, horn, French-horn, basset-horn, bugle, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide, accordion, seraphina, concertina, bagpipes, union pipes ; whistle, humming-top, &c. 3. Vibrating surfaces ; Cymbal, bell, gong, tabor, tambourine, drum, kettle-drum, or tymbal, timbrel ; castanet, musical glasses, musical stones, harmonica, sounding-board, &c. 4. Vibrating bars ; reeds, tuning-fork, triangle, Jew's-harp; musical- boxes, &o. (4.) Perception of Souiid. 418. Sense of sound. Hearing, audition, auscultation, listening, eavesdropping. Audi- bility. .\cuteness, nicety, delicacy of ear. Ear, acoustic organs, auditory apparatus, ear-drum, tympanum ; lug. A hearer, auditor, listener, eaves- dropper, auditory, audience. V. To hear, overhear, hark, listen, list, hearken, give or lend an ear, prick up one's ears, give a hearing or audience to. Phr. To hang upon the lips of, to be all ear. To become audible, to catch the ear, to be heard. Adj. Hearing, &c., auditory, aur; Int. Hark ! list ! hear ! listen ! Adv. Arrectis auribus. 419. Deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity. Inaudibility. F. To be deaf, to shut, stop, or close one's ears. To render deaf; to stun' to deafen. Phi: To turn a deaf ear to. Adj. Deaf, hard of hearing, earless, surd, dull of healing, deaf- mute, stunned, deafened, having no ear, stone-deaf. Phr. Deaf as a post ; deaf se a beetle ; deaf as p trunkmaker. Inaudible ; out of hearing. icukr, acoustic DIMNESS. 159 6. Light. (1.) Light ix Geneeal. 420. Light, raj-, beam, stream, gleam, streak, ])5j3icil, sunbeam. Day, daylight, sunshine, sun- light, the light of day, the light of heaven, noontide, noonday, noon- tide light, broad daylight. Glimmer, glinnmering, phospho- rescence, lambent flame, play of light. Flush, halo, glory. Meteor, Northern lights, aurora borealis, fire-drake, ignis fatuus, jack-o'-lantern, Will-o'-the-wisp, Friar's lantern. Spark, scintilla, sparkling, emi- cation, scintillation, flame, flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration, lightning. Lustre, shine, sheen, gloss, tinsel, spangle, brightness, brilliancy, splendor, efl'ulgence, .refulgence, dazzlement, resplendence, lumi- nousness, luminosity, lucidity, lu- cidness, niteney, renitency, radi- ance, transplendency, illumination, irradiation, glare, flare, glow. Phr. A 'flood of light. Science of light ; Optics, Photol- ogy. Photometry, iJioptrics, Catop- trics. V. To shine, glow, glitter, glis- ten, glister, twinkle, gleam, flare, glare, beam, irradiate, shimmer, sparkle, scintillate, coruscate, flash, blaze, dazzle, bedazzle; to clear up, to brighten. Elir. To shoot out beams ; to hang out a light. To illuminate, illume, illumine, lighten, enlighten, light, light up, irradiate, shine upon, cast lustre upon ; ,cast, throw, or shed a light upon ; to relume, to brighten. riir. To strike a light. Adj. Luminous, shining, glow- ing, &c., bright, vivid, splendent, lustrous, shiny, beaming, beamy. 421. Darkness, night, mid- night, obscurity, dusk, duskiness, gloom, gloominess, shade, glade, umbrage, shadiness, penumbra, Erebus. Obscuration, adumbration, ob- urabration, obtenebration, ofi'usca- tion, caligation, extinction, eclipse, gathering of the clouds, dimness, 422. V. To be dark, &c. To darken, obscui'e, shade, dim, bedarken, overcast, overshadow, offuscate, obfuscate, obumbrate, adumbrate, cast in the shade, be- cloud, bedim, put out, extinguish, dout. To cast, throw, or spread a shade or gloom. Adj. Dark, unenlightened, ob- scure, darksome, tenebrious, ray- less, beamless, sunless, lightless, pitch dark, pitchy, caliginous, Styg- ian, Cimmerian. Sombre, dusky, unilluminated, nocturnal, dingy, lurid, overcast, cloudy, murky, murksome, shady, umbrageous. Darkened, &c., benighted. Phr. Dark as pitch ; dark as pit ; dark as Erebus ; darknesa visible ; the palpable obscure. Adv. In the dark. 422. Dimness, paleness, glim- mer, glimmering, owl's light, neb- ulousness, nebulosity, nebula, cloud, film, mist, haze, fog, smoke, haziness, eclipse, aurora, dusk, cloudiness, dawn, starlight, twi- light, crepuscule, demi-jour, moon- light. V. To be dim, &c., to glimmer, lodta, lower, twinkle. To grow dim, to pale, to render dim, to dim, bedim, obscure, pale. Adj. Dim, dull, lack-lustre, 160 ORGANIC MATTER. radiant, radiating, lambent, sheen, glossy, burnished, lucid, lucent, luculent, lucific, glassy, scintillant, lightsome, unclouded, sunny, orient, noonday, noontide, cloudless, clear, unobscured. Gairish (or garish), resplendent, transplendent, refulgent, fulgent, effulgent, relucent, splendid, blaz- ing, in a blaze, rutilant, meteoric. FJir. Bright as silver, bright as day, bright as noonday. dingy, darkish, glassy, faint, con- fused. Cloudy, misty, hazy, foggy, mug- gy, fuliginous, nebulous, lowering, overcast, crepuscular, muddy, lurid, looming. Phr. Shorn of its beams. 423. Source of light, self-lumi- nous body. Luminary, sun, Phoebus, star, orb, meteor, galaxy, blazing-star, glow-worm, fire-fly. Artificial light, flame, gaslight ; torch, candle, flambeau, link, taper, lamp, lantern (or lanthorn), rush- light, farthing rushlight, firework, rocket, blue lights, fizgig, bude light, electric light. Chandelier, candelabra, girandole, lustre, sconce. Lighthouse, beacon, watchfire, cresset, brand. Adj. Self-luminous, phosphoric, phosphorescent. 424. Shade, screen, curtain, veil, mantle, mask; cloud, mist, gauze, blind. A shadow, umbrage, penumbra. Distribution of shade, breadth, clear-obscure, cMaroscwo. Adj. Shad)', umbrageous, &c. 425. Teanspakency, pellucid- ity, diaphaneity, translucency, lu- cidity, limpidity. Glass, crystal, lymph, water. V. To be transparent, &c., to transmit light. Adj. Transparent, pellucid, di- aphanous, translucent, tralucent, re- lucent, limpid, clear, serene, crys- talline, vitreous, transpicuous, glassy, hyaline. Phr. Clear as crystal. 426. Opacity, thickness, opaqueness, turbidness, muddiness. Cloud, film, haze. V. To be opaque, &c., to ob- struct the passage of light. Adj. Opaque, impervious to light, turbid, thick, muddy, opa- cous, ohfuscated, fuliginous, cloudy, hazy, misty, foggy. 427. Semitkansparency, opa- lescence, gauze, milkiness. Adj. Semitransparent, opales- cent, opaline, semipellueid, semi- diaphanous, semiopaoous, pearly, milky. (2.) Specific Light. 428. Color, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade, spectrum, tincture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush, tone, key. Pure, or positive color ; primitive color. Broken color, secondary, tertiary color. 429. Absence of color. Achromatism, decoloration, dis- coloration, paleness, pallidity, pal- lidness, etiolation. Neutral tint. A spot, blot, &c., 846. V. To lose color, to fade, fly, become colorless, tone down. To deprive of color, discolor, KEDNESS — GREENNESS. 161 Science of color, Chromatics. A ])igmeiit, coloring matter, paiut, dye, \Yash, distemper, stain, mordant. V. To color, dye, tinge, stain, tinct, paint, wash, ingrain, illumi- nate, emblazon, bedizen, imbue. Adj. Colored, dyed, &g. Colo- rific, chromatic, prismatic, full col- ored, tingent. Bright, vivid, intense, double- dyed, fresh, high-colored, unfaded, gorgeous. Gaudy, florid, gairish (or garish), showy, flaunting, flashy, raw, glar- ing, flaring. Mellow, harmonious, pearly. 430. Whiteness, milkiness, hoariness. Albification, etiolation. Snow, paper, chalk, milk, lily, ivory, silver, alabaster. V. To be white, &c. To render white, whiten, bleach, whitewash, blanch, etiolate. Adj. White, milk-white, snow- white, hoary, hoar, silvery, argent, pearly, fair, blonde, blanched, etio- lated. Phr. White as the driven snow ; white as a sheet. 432. Gray, dun, drab, dingy, sombre, tawny, mouse-colored, ash, cinereous, cineritious, slate, stone, grizzly, grizzled. decolorize, bleach, tarnish, achro- matize. A<^. Colorless, uncolored, un- tinged, achromatic, aplanatic, hue- less, undyed, pale, pallid, pale-faced, faint, faded, dull, cold, muddy, wan, sallow, dead, dingy, ashy, ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lack-lustre, tar- nished, bleached, discolored. Plir. Pale as death; pale aa ashes ; pale as a witch ; pale a8 a ghost, pale as a corpse. Phr. Brown as a berry V. To render brown, to tan, &c, Adj. Brown, &c. 431, Blackness, swarthmess, swarthness, dinginess, lividity, ink- iness, pitchiness. Nigrification, infuscation. Jet, ink, ebony, coal, pitch, soot, charcoal, sloe, smut, raven, negro, blackamoor. V. To be black, &c. To render black, to blacken, in- fuscate, denigrate, blot, blotch. Adj. Black, sable, swarthy, som- bre, dark, inky, ebon, atramentous, livid, jetty, coal-black, fuliginous, dingy, murky, Ethiopic, nigrescent. Nocturnal, &c., 421. Phr. Black as my hat ; black as a shoe ; black as a crow ; black as ink ; black as November ; black as thunder. 433. Brow:7, bay, dapple, au- burn, chestnut, nutbrown, cinna- mon, fawn, russet, hazel, tawny, fuscous, chocolate, liver-colored, maroon, foxy, brunette, sunburnt ; whitey-brown. brown as mahogany. Primitive Colors. 434. Redness, scarlet, vermil- ion, crimson, pink, lake, maroon, 14 • Complementary Colors. 435. Greenness, verdure, vi- ridity, viridescence. 1G2 ORGANIC MATTER. Emerald, vei'il-aiilique, verdigris, malachite, beryl, aqua-marine. Adj. Green, verdant, pea-green, grass-green, apple-green, sea- green, olive-green, bottle-green, glaucous; greenish, virent, vires- cent. Phr. Green as grass. carnation, damask, ruby, carbun- cle, rose, rubesoence, rosiness, rud- diness, rubioundity, blush color, flesh color, gules. Lobster. Erubescence, rubification. V. To become red, to blush, flush, mantle, redden, incarnadine. To render red, redden, rouge, rubify. A('j. Red, ruby, crimson, pink, &c., reddish, rufous, ruddy, florid, rosy, roseate, rose-colored, blushing, mantling, &c., erubescent, blowzy, rubicund, lurid, stammel, blood-red, claret, rubiform, murrey, carroty, sorrel, brick-colored, lateritious. Phr. Red as fire j red as blood ; red as scarlet ; red as a cher- ry ; red as a turkej'-coek. 436. Yellowness, buff-color, flesh-color, gamboge, crocus, saf- fron, &c., topaz. Adj. Yellow, citron, gold-col- ored, aureate, flavous, citrine, fal- low, fulvid, sallow, luteous, saffron, lemon, sulphur, amber, straw-col- ored, sandy-colored, primrose-col- ored, cream-colored, Claude-tint. Plir. Yellow as a quince ; yellow as a guinea ; yellow as a crow's foot. 437, Purple, violet, plum, lav- ender, lilac, peach color, puce. Bishop's purple j gridelin ; livid- ness, lividity. Amethyst. Adj. Purple, violet, livid, &c. 439. Orange, gold, flame, cop- per, brass, apricot color. Adj. Orange, golden, &c., buff, flesh-colored. 438. Blueness, bluishness, azure, indigo, ultra-marine, bloom. Adj. Blue, bluish, cerulean, sky- blue, sky-colored, sky-dyed, watch- et, azure, garter-blue, sapphire, lapis lanih. 440. Variegation, dichroism, trichroism, iridescence, variegated- ness, patchwork, maculation, spottiness, strise, marquetry, spectrum. A rainbow, iris, tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly, tortoise-shell, leopard, zebra, harlequin, mother-of-pearl, opal, marble. Plir. The play of colors. V. To be variegated, &c. To variegate, speckle, stripe, streak, checker, bespeckle, fleck, inlay. Adj. Variegated, vary-colored, many-colored, versicolor, many-hued, besprinkled, divers-colored, party-colored, polychromatic, dichromatic, bicolor, tricolor, pepper and salt. Iridescent, prismatic, opaline, nacreous, pearly, opalescent, shot, gorge de pigeon, chatoyant, pied, piebald, motley, mottled, veined, marbled, paned, dappled, clouded, cymophanous. Phr. All the colors of the rainbow ; all manner of colors. Mosaic, inlaid, tessellated, checkered, tortoise-shell. Dotted, spotted, bespotted, spotty, speckled, bespeckled, punctated, maculated, freckled, flecked, fleckered, studded, tattooed. VISION — BLINDNESS. 163 Striped, striated, streaked, barred, veined, brinded, brindled, tabby, grizzled, listed, stippled. (3.) rERCErnoss of Light. 441. Vision, sight, optics, eye- sight, view, look, espial, glance, coup d'oeil, glimpse, peep, gaze, stare, leer, perlustration, contem- plation, regard, survey, introspec- tion, inspection, speculation, watch, espionage, ocular demonstration, autopsy. A point of view, gazebo, vista, loophole, belvedere, watch-tower field of view, theatre, amphitheatre, horizon, arena, commanding view, periscope. The organ of vision ; the eye ; the naked or unassisted eye, retina, optics. Perspicacity, penetration, dis- cernment, basilisk, eagle, hawk, lynx, Argus. V. To see, behold, discern, per- ceive, have in sight, descry; catch a sight, glance, or glimpse of j to spy, espy, to get a sight of. To look, view, eye; to open one's eye, glance on ; look on, or upon ; peep, peer, pry, scan, survey, glance round, reconnoitre, inspect, recog- nize, mark, regard, watch, contem- plate, speculate, discover, distinguish, see through ; to see sights, lionize. Ph: To cast, or set eyes on ; to turn or bend one's looks upon ; to turn the eyes to ; to lift up the eyes ; to see at a glance ; to see with half an eye ; to have an eye upon ; to keep in sight ; to look about one ; to see with one's own eyes ; to keep a good, or sharp lookout for ; to run the eye over. To look intently, strain one's eyes, stare, gaze, pore over, gloat an, leer ; ogle, 459 ; to glare. Phr. To look full in the face ; to play at bo-peep. Adj. Visual, ocular, optic, optical. Seeing, &c., the eyes being directed to, fixed, riveted upon. Clear-sighted, sharp-sighted, quick-sighted, eagle-eyed, eagle- sighted, hawk-eyed, lynx-eyed, keen-eyed, Argus-eyed, piercing, penetrating. Phr. The scales falling from one's eyes. Adv. Visibly, &c., in sight of, to one's face, before one's face, with one's eyes open ; at sight, at first sight, at a glance. 442. Blindness, cecity, exceca- tion, amaurosis, cataract, ablepsy, prestriction, nictitation, wink, blink. A blinkard. V. To be blind, &c., not to see, to lose sight of. Not to look, to close or shut the eyes, to look another way ; to turn away, or avert the eyes ; to wink, blink, nictitate. To render blind, &c., to blind, blindfold, hoodwink, dazzle. Phr. To put one's eyes out ; to throw dust into the eyes ; jetter de la pcudre aux yeux. Adj. Blind, purblind, eyeless, sightless, visionless, dark, stone- blind, sand-blind, stark-blind,mope' eyed,blinkard,dazzled,hoodwinked, blindfolded, undiscerning. Phr. Blind as a bat ; blind as a buzzard ; blind as a beetle ; blind as a mole ; blind as an owl. Adv. Blindlv, &c., blindfold. 164 OEGAKIC MATTER. Int. Look ! behold ! see ! lo ! mark ! observe ! lo and behold ! 443 Imperfect vision. DlM-srOHTEDNESS, lippitude, confusion of vision, scotomy, failing sight, short-sightedness, myopia, nictitation, long-sightedness, ^jresfiy- opia, squint, strabism, cast of the eye, double-sight. An Albino. Fallacies of vision ; deceptio visHs, refraction, false light, phantasm, anamorpliosis, distortion, looming, mirage, the Fata Morgana, the spectre of the Brocken, ignis fatuus, phantasmagoria, dissolving views, &c. Color-blindness, ehromato-pseudoblepsis. Daltonism. Limitation of vision ; blinker, screen, &c. V. To be dim-sighted, &c., to see double, to squint, look askant or askance, to see through a prism, Avink, nictitate. To glare, dazzle, loom. Adj. Dim-sighted, half-sighted, short-sighted, near-sighted, myopic, long-sighted, presbyopic, moon-eyed, mope-eyed, blear-eyed, goggle- eyed, nictitating, winking, one-eyed ; bhnd of one eye, monoculous. Phr. Nimium ne crede colori ; fronti nulla Jides. 444. SrECTATOK, beholder, observer, looker-on, witness, bystander, inspector, star-gazer, &o., spy, scout. V. To witness, behold, &c., 441. 445. Optical Instruments, lens meniscus, magnifier, microscope, megascope, spectacles, glasses, barnacles, goggles, eye-glass, periscopic lens, telescope, spy-glass, glass, tienoscope. Mirror, reflector, speculum, looking-glass, pier-glass, kaleidoscope. Prism, polysco])e, camera lucida, camera obscura, magic lantern, phantasmagoria, thaumatrope, stereoscope, pseudoscope, chromatrope, &c. Photometer, polariscope, polemoscope, eriometer, actinometer, lucim- eter. 446. Visibility, perceptibility, conspicuousness, distinctness, con- spicuity, appearance, exposure. V. To be visible, &c., to appear, come in sight, come into view, open to the view ; meet, strike, or catch the eye, show its face, present itself, show itself, manifest itself, l)rodnce itself, discover itself, reveal itself, expose itself, betray itself, come out, come to light, come forth, come forward, arise, peep out, peer out, crop out, start up, loom, glare, burst forth. Phr. To heave in sight ; to break through the clouds ; to show its colors ; to tell its own tale ; to stare one in the face; cda saute aux yeux. 447. Invisibility, indistinct- ness, imperceptibility, non-appear- ance, delitescence, concealment, latitency, 526. V. To be invisible, &c., to lie hidden, concealed, &c., to be in or under a cloud, in a mist, in a haze, &c. ; to lurk, lie in ambush, skulk. Not to see, &c., to be blind to. To render invisible, to hide, con- ceal, screen, &c., 528. Adj. Invisible, imp erceptible, unseen, unbeheld, undiscerned, viewless, undiscernible, indiscern- ible, sightless, unappai-ent, non- apparent, hid, hidden, out of sight, concealed, &c., 528, covert. Confused, dim, obscure, dark, misty, hazy, foggy, indistinct, shad- APPEAEANCE — DISAPPEAEANCE. 165 owy, ill-defined, indefinite, indis- tinguishable, ill-marked, blurred, nebulous, hazy, clouded, misty, shaded, screened, veiled, masked. Unintelligible, &c., 519. Phr. To lose sight of; to put out of sight. Adj. Visible, perceptible, dis- cernible, in sight, apparent, plain, manifest, patent, evident, obvious, clear, distinct, definite, well-defined, well-marked, recognizable, autop- tical,unmistakable, palpable, naked, bare, barefaced, ostensible, con- spicuous, prominent, staring, glar- ing, notable, notoi'ious, overt, above-board, exposed to view, unclouded ; periscopic, panoramic, stereoscopic, before one's eyes, Phr. Open as day ; before one's eyes j in the face of day ; clear as noonday ; plain as a pikestaff; under one's nose ; in full view ; plain as the nose on one's face ; there being no mis- taking ; ocvlis suhjectafidelibus, in bold relief. Intelligible, &c., 518. 448. Appearance, phenome- non, sight, spectacle, show, pre- monstration, scene, species, view, coup d'ceil, lookout, prospect, vista, perspective, bird's-eye view, scenery, landscape, picture, tableau, display, exposure. Pageant, spectacle, raree-show, panorama, diorama, cosmorama, georama, coup de theatre, jeu de theatre. Phantasm, phasma, phantom, spectrum, apparition, spectre, mi- rage, &c., 443. Aspect, phase, phasis, seeming, guise, look, complexion, shape, mien, air, cast, carriage, port, de- meanor, presence, expression, first bhish. Lineament, feature, trait, lines, outline, contour, face, countenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz, profile, iournure. V. To seem, look, appear, show; to present, wear, carry, have, bear, exhibit, take, take on, or assume the appearance of; to look like ; to be visible, 446 ; to reappear. To show, to manifest, &c., 525. Phr. To make its appearance ; to show its face ; to turn up ; to appear to one's eyes ; to come upon the stage ; to offer to one's view ; to speak for itself Adj. Apparent, seeming, &c. Adv. Apparently, to all appearance, &c., on the face of it ; piima Jade ; at the first blush ; in full view^. 449. Disappearance, evanes- cence, eclipse, occultation. Dissolving views. V. To disappear, vanish, dis- solve, fade, melt away, pass, avaunt, begone, be lost, &c. Phr. To go off the stage. To efface, blot, blot out, erase, rub out, expunge, 552. Adj. Disappearing, &c., lost, vanishing, evanescent, missing. Unconspicuous, inconspicuous. Phr. Not in sight ; out of sight ; , lost in the clouds ; leaving no trace of. Int. Begone ! away ! avaun' ! vanish ! disappear ! 292. 166 FOKMATION OJB" IDEAS. OLASS FOURTH. WORDS RELATING TO THE INTELLECTUAL PACULTIES. DmsiON I. FORMATION OF IDEAS. Section I. Opeeatioss of Intellect in General. 450. O" Absence, or want of intellect, 499. 450. Intellect, mind, under- standing, reason, thinking princi- ple, nous, sense, common sense, consciousness, capacity, intelli- gence, percipience, intellection, in- tuition, instinct, conception, judgment, genius, parts, wit, wits, shrewdness, aichness, intellectuality ; see Skill, 698, and Wis- dom, 498. Soul, spirit, ghost, inner man, heart, breast, bosom, peneiraZia mentis ; divina particula aurce. Organ or seat of thought ; sensorium, sensory, brain, head, head-piece, pate, noddle, skull, pericranium, cerebrum, cra- nium. Science of mind ; Metaphysics, Psychology, Psychics, Ideol- ogy, Idealism, Ideality, Pneumatology, Immaterialism. Adj. Relating to intellect ; intellectual, mental, rational, subjective, metaphysical, psychical, psychological, nooscopic, spiritual, ghostly, immaterial, 317, cerebral. 451. Thought, reflection, cogi- tation, consideration, meditation, study, lucubration, speculation, de- liberation, pondering, head-work, application, attention, 457. Abstraction, contemplation, mus- ing, reverie, Platonism ; depth of thought, workings of the mind, in- most thoughts, self-counsel, self- communing, self-consultation ; suc- cession, flow, train, current, &c., of thought, or of ideas. After-thought, reconsideration. 452. Absence, or want of thought. Incogitaxcy, vacancy, inunder- standing, fatuity, 499, thoughtless- ness, see Inattention, 458. V. Not to think, to take no thought of, not to trouble one's self about, to think little of, to put away thought ; to disraisp, discard, or discharge from one's thoughts, or from the mind ; to drop the subject, set aside, turn aside, turn away from ; divert, or turn one's IDKA — TOPIC. 167 attention from ; abstract one's self, dream j to indulge in reverie. To unbend, relax, divert the mind. Adj. Vacant, unintellectual, un- ideal, 499, unoccupied, unthinking, inconsiderate, thoughtless, absent; abstracted, distrait, inattentive, 458, diverted, distracted, unbent, &c. Ehr. In nubibus. Unthought of, unconsidered, in- cogitable, undreamed, oiT one's mind. retrospection, retrospect, 505, ex- cogitation, examination, see In- quiry, 461. Thoughtfulness, pensiveness, in- tentness, intentiveness. V. To think, reflect, cogitate, excogitate, consider, deliberate, speculate, contemplate, meditate, ponder, muse, ruminate, brood over, animadvert, con over, study, bend or apply the mind, digest, dis- cuss, hammer at, weigh, pei-pend. Phr. To take into account; to take into consideration, to take counsel ; to commune with one's self; to collect one's thoughts ; to revolve in the mind ; to turn or run over in the mind ; to chew the cud upon ; to advise with one's pillow ; to rack, crack, beat, or cudgel one's brains. To harbor, entertain, cherish, nurture, &c., an idea, or a thought, a notion, a view, &c. To occur, present itself, suggest itself; to fancy, trow, dream of. Phr. To enter the mind; come across the mind; come into the head ; pass in the mind ; to flash on the mind ; to flit across the view ; to come uppermost ; to run in one's head, to float in the mind. To make an impression ; to sink, or penetrate into the mind ; to fasten itself on the mind ; to engross the thoughts. Adj. Thinking, &c., thoughtful, pensive, meditative, reflective, wistful, contemplative, speculative, deliberative, studious, se- date, Platonic. Close, active, diligent, mature, deliberate, labored,"Eteadfast, deep, profound, intense, &c., thought, study, reflection, &c. Intent, engrossed, absorbed, deep-musing, absorped, wrapped, rapt, abstracted. Phr. Having the mind on the stretch ; the mind, or head running upon. 453. Object of thought. Idea, notion, conception, thought, fancy, conceit, impression, perception, image, eidbjlov, senti- ment, see Opinion, 484, phantasy, flight of fancy, 515. Point of view, light, aspect, field of view. 454. Subjectof thought,»'oi?iUtt7-'i. Topic, subject, matter, therac, thesis, text, subject-matter, poiut, proposition, theorem, business, af- fair, case, matter in hand, question, argument, motion, resolution, head, chapter ; nice or subtle point, quod- libet, moot point, problem, 461. Adj. Thought of. Phr. Uppermost in the mind ; floating in the mind. Adv. In question, on the carpet, on the tapis, relative to, soncerning, touching, 9, what it is about. 168 FORMATION OF IDEAS. Sect. II. Peecuksoey Conditions and Operations. 455. The desire of knowledge. Curiosity, curiousness, inquisi- tiveness. A quidnunc, newsmonger, Paul Pry. V. To be curious, &c., to take au interest in, to stare, gape ; to sec sights, to lionize. Jdj. Curious, inquisitive, inquir- ing, all agog, staring, gaping, agape, over-curious. Adv. With open mouth, on tip- toe, arreatis aurihus. 457. Attention, advertence, advertency, observance, observa- tion, notice, heed, look, regard, view, remark, inspection, introspec- tion, mindfulness, lookout, watch, vigilance, circumspection, surveil- lance, consideration, scrutiny, re- vision, review, revise, particularity, see Care, 459. Close, intense, deep, profound, "fee, attention, application, or study. V. To be attentive, &c. ; to at- tend, advert to, mind, observe, look, look at, see, view, look to, see to, remark, heed, notice, take heed, take care, take notice, mark, keep watch ; give or pay attention to ; give heed to, have an eye to, hear- ken to ; turn, bend, apply, or direct the mind, the eye, or the attention to ; look after, give a thought to, an- imadvert to, occupy one's self with. Phr. To take cognizance of; to trouble one's head about ; to prick up the ears ; to lend or incline an ear to ; to have one's eyes open. To examine cursorily ; to glance at, upon, or over ; cast or pass the eyes over, run over, turn over the loaves,. dip into, perstringc. Phr. To take a cursory view of. To examine closely or intently; to scrutinize ; to consider, give, or bend one's mind to ; overhaul, re- 456. Absence of curiosity. Incuriosity, incuriousness, in- souciance, want of interest, indif- ference, 823. V. To be incurious, &c., to have no curiosity, take no interest in, &c., not to care, not to mind, &o. Phr. Not to trouble one's self about ; to care nothing about ; the devil may care. Adj. Incurious, uninquisitive. 458. Inattention, inconsider- ation, inconsiderateness, inadver- tence, inadvertency, non-observ- ance, disregard, regardlessness, un- mindfulness, giddiness, respectless- ness, thoughtlessness, see Neglect, 460, insouciance. Absence of mind, abstraction, preoccupation, distraction, reverie, brown study. Phr. The attention wandering j the wits going a wool-gathering. V. To be inattentive, &c., not to mind or care for, to overlook, dis- regard, pass by, slur over, ])asB over, let pass, gloss over, blink, miss, skim, skim the surface, efflcM- rer, 460. Phr. To take no account of; to come in at one ear and go out at the other. To call off, draw off, call away, divert, &c., the attention ; to dis- tract ; to disconcert, put out, dis- compose, confuse, perplex, bewil- der, moider, muddle, dazzle. Adj. Inattentive, mindless, un- observant, unmindful, inadvertent, heedless, regardless, respectless, careless, 460, unwatchful, listless, hand over head, cursory, percurso- ry, blind, deaf, &c. Absent, abstracted, distrait, lost, preoccupied, dreamy, napping. CAKE — NEGLECT. 160 PAr. Caught napping. Disconcerted, put out, &c., diz- zy, muzzy, 460. Adv. Inattentively, &c., caya- lierly. Int. Never mind ! vise, pore over, note, mark, inspect, review ; to fix, or devote the eye, mind, thoughts, or attention on ; to keep in view, contemplate, &o., 451| to revert to. Ehr. To bear in mind ; to keep an eye upon ; to come to the point.; to take into account. To fall under one's notice, ob- servation, &c. ; to catch the eye ; to catch, awaken, wake, invite, so- licit, attract, claim, excite, engage, occupy, strike, arrest, fix, engross, absorb, rivet, &o., the atten- tion, mind, or thoughts. Adj. Attentive, mindful, heedful, regardful, alive to, bear- ing in mind, occupied with, engaged, taken up with, engrossed, wrapped or rapt in, absorbed. Awake, watchful, 459, broad awake, wide awake, agape, intent on, with eyes fixed on, open-eyed, breathless, undistracted, with bated breath, upon the stretch ; on the watch. Adv. Nota bene. Int. See ! look ! mark ! lo ! behold ! soho ! 459. Cake, heed, heedfulness, caution, wariness, prudence, dis- cretion, 698, cautel, watch, vigil, watchfulness, vigilance, circum- spection, watch and ward, deliber- ation, second thought, forethought, predeliberation, solicitude, precau- tion, 673, scruple, scrupulousness, scrupulosity, particularity, surveil- lance. Plir. The eyes of Argus; I'csil du mailre. V. To be cartful, &c., to take care, have a care, look to it, heed, take heed, keep watch, keep watch and ward, set watch, take precau- tions, provide for, to see to. Phr. To keep an eye upon ; to be on the lookout ; to look sharp ; t3 look about one ; to keep a sharp lookout ; to see or look with one's own eyes ; to have all one's eyes about one ; to mind one's P's and Q's ; to speak by the card ; to pick one's steps. Adj. Careful, cautious, heedf jl, wary, guarded, on one's guard, on 15 460. Neglect, negligence, omission, laches, heedlessness, carelessness, perfunctoriness, re- missness, imprudence, secureness, indiscretion, etourderie, incautious- ness, indiscrimination, rashness, 863, recklessness, nonchalance. (In rhetoric) Paraleipsis. (In dress) A slattern, slut. V. To be negligent, &c., to neg- lect, pass over, let slip, omit, pre- termit, set aside, cast or put aside. To overlook, disregard, pass by, slight, pay no regard to, make light of, trifle with, blink, wink at, connive at ; gloss over, slur over, slip over, skip, jump over. rhr. To take or make no ac- count of ; not to take into account ; not to mind ; not to trouble one's self with, or about; to think no more of; to give the go-by to ; to set at nought ; to give to the winds; laisser alter. To render neglectful, &c., to put, or throw ofi' one's guard. Adj. Neglecting, &c., unmind- 170 FOBMATIOH Ol" IDEAS. ful, heedless, careless, sans suvti, negligent, neglectful, slovenly, re- miss, perfunctory, thoughtless, un- circumspect (or incircumspect), off one's guard, unwary, incautious, unguarded, indiscreet, inconsider- ate, imprudent, improvident, rash, headlong, reckless, ■wanton, heels over head, witless, hare-brained, giddy-brained, off-hand, cursory, brain-sick. Neglected, unheeded, unper- ceived, unseen, unobserved, unno- ticed, unnoted, unmarked, unat- tended to, unthought of,unregarded, unremarked, overlooked, unmissed, unexamined, unstudied, uusearched, unscanned, unweighed, unsifted. Phr. In an unguarded moment ; caught napping ; buried in a napkin ; a waiter on Providence ; per incuriam. Ado. Negligently, &o., hand over head. Int. ICever mind! the alert, on the watch, watchful, thoughtful, wakeful, on the look- out, aux aguets, awake, vigilant, circumspect, broad awake, wide awake, alive to, having the eyes open, Argus-eyed. Fhr. On the qui vive. Discreet, prudent, sure-footed, provident, scrupulous, particular. Adv. Carefully, &c., with care, &r., gingerly, considerately. Phr. Ne reveillez pas le chat qui dyrt ; catching a weasel asleep. 461. Inquihy, search, research, quest, pursuit, examination, scru- tiny, investigation, indagation, perquisition, perscrutation, perves- tigation, inquest, inquisition, study, exploration, exploitation, sifting, calculation, analysis, dissection, resolution, induction ; the Baco- nian method; a searching- in- quiry; scire facias; ad referen- dum. Questioning, asking, interroga- tion, interpellation, interrogatory, examination, cross-examination, cross-questioning, catechism ; the Socratic method. Reconnoitring, reconnoissanco, prying, spying, espionnage ; the lantern of Diogenes. Phr. The threshold of an in- quiry. Subject of inquiry ; Question, query, difficulty, problem, deside- ratum, |)oint to be solved ; point or matter in dispute ; moot point, question at issue ; plain question, fair question, open question, knotty point, vexed question. 462. Answer, response, reply, replication, riposte, rejoinder, sur- rejoinder, rebutter, retort, repartee, rescript, antiphony, rescription, ac- knowledgment. Explanation, solution, resolution, exposition, rationale, interpreta- tion, 522. A key, master-key, open sesame, passe partout, clew. CEdipus, see Oracle, 513. V. To answer, respond, reply, rebut, retort, rejoin, give or return for answer, acknowledge, echo. Phr. To turn the tables upon. Mutato nomine de te fabula nar- ratur. To explain, solve, resolve, ex- pound, decipher, spell, interpret, 522, to unriddle, unlock, cut the knot, unravel, pick or open the- lock, discover, fish up; to find a clew to. Ac^. Answering, responding, &o., responsive, respondent. COMPAEISON. 171 X^nigma, riddle, conundrum, a nut to crack, quodlibet, Gordian knt.c, dignus vindice nodus. Au inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, querist, examiner, ana- lyst, quidnunc, newsmonger. V. To inquire, seek, search, look for, look about for, look out for, cast about for, hunt out, scan, beat about, grope for, feel for, reconnoitre, explore, sound, rummage, ransack, pry, look round, look or go over, look or go through. Fhr. To scratch the head ; to slap the forehead ; to look, peer, or pry into every hole and corner ; to beat the bushes ; to leave no stone unturned ; to seek a needle in a pottle of hay. To pursue, hunt, track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace. To investigate ; to take up, follow up, institute, pursue, con- duct, carry on, prosecute, &c., an inquirj', &c. ; to overhaul, ex- amine, study, consider, fathom, dip into, look into, calculate, pre-examine, dive into, delve into ; to discuss, canvass, agitate, trace up, probe, fathom, sound, scrutinize, analyze, anatomize, dissect, sift, winnow, torture, resolve. Fhr. To subject to examination ; to put to the proof; to pass in review ; to take into account ; to take into considera- tion, to ventilate a question; to grapple with a question; to seek a clew. To ask, question, demand ; to put, propose, propound, moot, raise, stir, suggest, put forth, start, pop, &c., a question ; to in- terrogate, catechize, pump, cross-question, cross-examine, dodge, require an answer, 765. To undergo examination ; to be in course of inquiry, &c. Adj. Inquiring, &o., inquisitive, requisitive, requisitory, cate- chetical, inquisitorial, analytic, in search of, in quest of, on the lookout for, interrogative. Undetermined, untried, undecided, in question, in dispute, sub judice, moot, proposed ; doubtful, 475. Adv. Why? wherefore? whence? qucere? how comes it? how happens it ? how is it ? what is the reason ? 463. Experiment, essay, trial, tentative method, idtonnement, 675. Verification, probation, experimenium crucis, proof, critei-ion, test, touchstone, pix, assay, ordeal. — Empiricism: the rule of thumb. A feeler, a pilot balloon, a messenger balloon; u, pilot engine; a sti'aw to show the wind. V. To essay, try, explore, grope ; to feel or grope one's way; to thread one's way ; to make an experiment, make trial of. To subject to trial, &e., to experiment upon, give a trial to ; to put, bring, or submit to the test or proof; to prove, verify, test, touch, practise upon. Phr. To feel the pulse ; aller a tatons ; to throw out a feeler. Adj. Experimental, tentative, probationary, empirical. 464. Comparison, collation, contrast, identification. A comparison, simile, similitude, metaphor, allegory, 521. 172 FOEMATION OF IDEAS. V. To compare to, or with ; to collate, confront, place side by side, or in juxtaposition ; to contrast, balance, identify, Phr. To compare notes ; to draw a parallel ; to institute a compari- son j to set one against another; parva coniponere magnis, "\ery like a whale." Adj. Comparative, metaphorical, figurative, allegorical. Compared with, pitted against, 708 ; placed by the side of. 465.a- Indiscrimination, indis- tinctness, indistinction, 460. V. Not to distinguish or dis- criminate ; to neglect, overlook, or lose sight of a distinction. Adj. Indiscriminate, undistin- guished, undistinguishable, un- measured. 465. Discrimination, distinc- tion, perception or appreciation of difference ; diagnosis, taste, 850, judgment, nice perception, tact, critique. V. To discriminate, distinguish, severalize ; to draw a line. Phr. To separate or winnovv' the chaff from the wheat, to split hairs ; to cut blocks with a razor. Adj. Discriminating, &c., discriminative, distinctive, charac- teristic, diagnostic. Phr. Valeat quantum valere potest. 466. Measurement, admeasurement, mensuration, survey, valua- tion, appraisement, assessment, assize, estimation, reckoning. Geometry, geodetics, geodaesia, orthometry, gauging, altimetry, sounding, surveying, weighing, pondcration, trutination, dead reckon- ing. Metrology. A measure, standard, rule, compass, callipers, gage (or gauge), me- ter, line, rod, plumb-line, plummet, log, log-line, sounding-rod, sound- ing-line, sound, check. Index, 550, ilood-mark. Scale, graduation, graduated scale, nonius, vernier, quadrant, the- odolite, &c., balance, scales, steelyard, beam, weather-glass, barometer, aneroid, areometer, altimeter, clinometer, graphometer, thermometer, &e. V. To measure, mete, value, assess, rate, appraise, estimate, form an estimate-, set a value on, appreciate ; to span, pace, step, apply the com- pass, rule, scale, &c , to gauge, plumb, probe, sound, fathom, heave the log, survey, weigh, poise, balance, hold the scales, take an average, graduate, to place in the beam, to take into account. Adj. Measuring,