mmmmM^'^^' V CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF President J, G. Schurman Cornell University Library JX 1706.A5A51 American embassies, legatioris and consul 3 1924 007 493 806 ... All books are subject to recall after two weeks, Olin/Kroch Library DATE DUE ntprlif" J n, JJ4J&MA*' ^ 1 I GAYLORD PRINTED IN U.S. A Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924007493806 American Embassies Legations and Consulates Mean Better Forei g n Business An Argument in Pictures and Paragraphs President Taft said 6e/ore the National Board of Trade, January 26, 1910 ' \ A T^E boast ourselves a democratic country. We say that V V there is no place within the gift of the people to which we may not select the most humble inhabitant, providing he be fit to discharge its duty, and yet we have an arrangement which makes it absolutely impossible for anyone but a millionaire to occupy the highest diplom.atic post. " Now I ask you whether that is consistency ; whether it is not the purest kind of demagogy. By demagogy I mean the advancement of an argument which seems to be in favor of democracy, but which, when it actually works out, is in favor of plutocracy." American Embassy Association E. CLARENCE JONES President 505 Fifth Avenue, New York FREDERICK TOWNSEND MARTIN Vice-President FRANK D. PAVEY Secretary-Treasurer »^ fyxull Uttimsiitg Jilr»g THE GIFT OF '^j\JUaldi/yrJ^....'^,.%...McJ^^ .f^.:Z3.^.'&.b.irj :^3:\^^.^^.l.l.. 1357 A 25 z ©34- The date shoAvs when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES. All Books subject to Recall. Books not used for instruction or research are returnable within 4 weeks. Volumes of periodi- cals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special purposes they are given out for a limited time. ' Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the bene- fit of other persons. Books not needed ■during recess periods should be returned to the library or arrange- ments made for their return during borrow- er's absence, if wanted. Books needed by anore than one person are held on the reserve aist. Books of special value and gift books, ■when the giver wisihes •it, are «ot allowed to .circulate. Readers are asked to report allcases of books mark-ed or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. i 'Til "When 'Omer smote 'is bloomin' lyre He'd 'eard men sing by land an' sea, An' what he thought 'e might require 'E went an' took— the same as me! " Remember: The President of the United States and our foreign representatives are the only officials who represent all the people of our country. (11 E Clirence Jones Prcsidnil. H) Frclcrick TownsL-nd Marlin. Vicc-Presidnd. (3) Frank D. Pavcy, Secrctanj and Treasurer. (i) Henry Cachard. (5) Frederic R. Coudert. (6) George Cromwell. (7) Bertrmn Cruger (8) Thomas Darlington. (9) George C. Heilner (10) Bradley Martin, Jr. (11) Alexander T. Mason. (12) Charles M. Oelr.chs. (13) Charles Mbehwab^U) Gustav H. Schwab (15) Albert Shaw. (10) George R. Sheldon. (17) William B. Van Ingen. (18) W.lbam R. W.Ucox. American Embassy Association 505 Fifth Avenue, New York E. CLARENCE JONES .... President FREDERICK TOWNSEND MARTIN Vice-President FRANK D. PAVEY . . Secretary and Treasurer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HENRY CACHARD, Lawyer, 39 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris FREDERIC R. COUDERT, Lawyer, Coudert Brothers, 2 Rector St., New York GEORGE CROMWELL, President Borough of Rich- mond, 52 Broadway, New York BERTRAM CRUGER, Treasurer Metropolitan Trust Co., 49 Wall Street, New York THOMAS DARLINGTON, Former President Board of Health, 48 West 59th St., New York GEORGE C. HEILNER, Coal, 1 Broadway, New York E. CLARENCE JONES, Banker, 100 Broadway, New York BRADLEY MARTIN, Jk., President Nineteenth Ward Bank, 786 Fifth Avenue, New York FREDERICK TOWNSEND MARTIN, Director Met- ropolitan Trust Co., 49 Wall Street, New York ALEXANDER T. MASON, Lawyer, 15 William St., New York CHARLES M. OELRICHS, Banker, 40 Exchange Place, New York FRANK D. PAVEY, Lawyer, 32 Nassau St., New York CHARLES M. SCHWAB, Bethlehem Steel Co., Ill Broadway, New York GUSTAV H. SCHWAB, North German Lloyd Steam- ship Co., 9 Broadway, New York ALBERT SHAW, Review of Reviews, 13 Astor Place, New York GEORGE R. SHELDON, Banker, 62 Cedar St., New York WILLIAM B. VAN INGEN, 58 West 57th St., New York WILLIAM R. WILLCOX, President Public Service Com- mission, 165 Broadway, New York Organized April 30, 1909 ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION I . The name of this Association is the AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION. II. The purpose of the Association is to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its Ambassadors in foreign capitals. III. The work of the Association shall be under the control of an Executive Committee which shall have power to increase and fill all vacancies in its membership, elect all ofBcers of the Association, establish committees in other cities of the United States and foreign countries, and do all acts and things in its judgment necessary and proper to promote the object of the Association. IV. Any person may become a member of the Association by invitation of the Executive Committee. No member shall be required to pay an entrance fee or annual dues, but any member may make a voluntary contribution to the work of the Association. No member shall be liable for any expenses beyond the amount of his voluntary contribution. V. The Executive Committee may invite any former Ambassador of the United States or other person of distinction to become an Honorary Member of the Association. AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION National Advisory Committee M. B. "Wellboriij President First National Bank Anniston, Ala. "W. P. G. Harding, President First National Bank Birmingham, Ala. "William Gray, President Tallapoosa County Bank DadevUle, Ala. George Legrave Comer, Attorney Eufaula, Ala. J. D. Dunlap, "Woodliff Dunlap Furniture Co Gadsen, Ala. S. J. Mayhew, President Huntsville Bank & Trust Co Huntsville, Ala. Albert P. Bush, T. G. Bush Grocery Co Mobile, Ala. W. K. P. Wilson, W. K. P. Wilson & Son, Real Estate Mobile, Ala. Fred S. Ball, Ball & Samford, Attorneys Montgomery, Ala. F. S. Alston, V.-P. City National Bank Tuscaloosa, Ala. Frederic E. Fuller, Attorney Nome, AJaska Bracey Curtis, Cashier First National Bank Nogales, Ariz. E. J. Bennitt, President Valley Bank Phoenix, Ariz. Harry Brisley, Brisley Drug Co Prescott, Ariz. B. M. Jacobs, President Arizona National Bank Tucson, Ariz. J. B. McCaleb, Attorney Batesville, Ark Jay Fulbright, V.-P. Fayetteville Commercial League. . . . Fayetteville, Ark. W. J. Echols, President Merchants National Bank Fort Smith, Ark. E. C. Hornor, President Bank of Helena Helena, Ark. C. B. Foster, Cashier Hempstead County Bank Hope, Ark. H. L. Remmel, President Board of Trade Little Rock, Ark. Jacob Trieber, United States Judge Little Rock, Ark. H. R. Turner, Turner Bedding Factory Pine Bluff. Ark. W. R. Grimm, President Texarkana National Bank Texarkana, Ark. John E. Raker, Judge Superior Court Alturas, Cal. J. L. Beebe, Physician Anaheim, Cal. C. C. Juster, President Berkeley Chamber of Commerce Berkeley, Cal. W. C. Barth, President Corona Hardware & Implement Co. . .Corona, Cal. William Palmtag, President Farmers & Merchants Bank. . . .HolUster, Cal. W. H. Booth, Pres. Assoc. Cham. Com. Pacific Coast. . .Los Angeles, Cal. C. B. Boothe, President Commonwealth Company Los Angeles, Cal. F. Wiggins, Sec. Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. . . .Los Angeles, Cal. Charles Butters, Capitalist Oakland, Cal. John Earle Jardine, V.-P. Wm. R. Staats Co., Bankers Pasadena, Cal. James M. Allen, Attorney San Francisco, Cal. William L. Gerstle, President Chamber of Commerce. . .San Francisco, Cal. James Rolph, Jr., Hind, Rolph & Co., Shipping San Francisco, Cal. W. Miller Graham, Capitalist Santa Barbara, Cal. S. A. Palmer, President Chamber of Commerce Santa Cruz, Cal. James Edgar CJark, Farmer Santa Rosa, Cal. David C. Bell, President David C. Bell Investment Co. .Santa Clara, Cal. M. F. Palmer, Cashier Commercial National Bank Upland, Cal. C. E. Coulehan, Commission Merchant Boulder, Colo. Thos. J. Fisher, President Chamber of Commerce, Colorado Springs, Colo. Joseph A. Thatcher, President Denver National Bank Denver, Colo. F. D. Catlin, Bell, Catlin & Blake, Attorneys Montrose, Colo. Willis F. Hobbs, President Manufacturers' Association. .Bridgeport, Conn. Ferdinand Gildersleeve, President First National Bank, Gildersleeve, Conn. Edward Mahl, President Business Men's Association Hartford, Conn. P. LeRoy Harwood, Treasurer Mariners Savings Bank . . New London, Conn. S. S. Green, President First National Bank New Milford, Conn. John S. Seymour, Seymour, Seymour & Megrath, Attorneys, Norwalk, Conn. George Pratt Ingersoll, Attorney Ridgefield, Conn. C. Tracy Tracy Bros. Co., Contractors Waterbury, Conn. George A. Sanford, Secretary Business Men's Association. .Winsted, Conn. T. C. du Pont, Pres, E. I. du Pont de Nemours Pwd. Co., Wilmington, Del. Henry F. Blount, V.-P. American Security & Trust Co. .Washington, D. C. Scott Bone, Washington Herald Washington, D. C. J. D. Baker, V.-P. Baker & Holmes Co., Wh's'le Groc, Jacksonville, Fla. L. A. Wilson, President Wilson & Toomer Fertilizer Co., Jacksonville, Fla. R. M, Gary, Cary & Company, Merchants Pensacola, Fla. W. K. Hyer, Jr., President First National Bank Pensacola, Fla. W. C. Richardson, Physician Tampa, Fla. W. A. Cherry, City Drug Co Abbeville, Ga. E. R. Hodgson, Jr., President Empire State Chemical Co. . . .Athens, Ga. W. H. Johnson, U. S. Marshal Atlanta, Ga. V. H. Kriegshaber, V. H. Kriegshaber & Son, Contractors. .Atlanta, Ga. J. P. Mulherin, President Savannah Valley Lumber Co Augusta, Ga. J. D. Massey, Treasurer Eagle & Phoenix Cotton Mills. . .Columbus, Ga. Charles M. Tyson, Attorney Darien, Ga. J. E. Peterson, President Union Savings Bank Fort Gaines, Ga. Samuel C. Dunlap, President Gainesville National Bank, Gainesville, Ga. Stephen Popper, Treasurer Waxelbaum Company, Dry Goods. .Macon, Ga. John H. Reynolds, President First National Bank Rome, Ga. J. F. Gray, V.-P. Chamber of Commerce Savannah, Ga. E. E. Dekle, President Board of Trade Valdosta, Ga. C. Fort Andrews, Secretary Board of Trade Wayeross, Ga. P. L. Corker, President First National Bank Waynesboro, Ga. Boyd Hamilton, Cashier Cour d'Alene Bank & Trust Co. . Cour d'Alene, Ida. H. A. Partridge, President Citizens State Bank Nampa, Ida John Crocker Foote, Druggist Belvidere, III. John B. Lennon, Treasurer American Federation of Labor, Bloomington, HI. H. E. Hamdail, Hamdail Elevator Co Cairo, HI. George M. Mattis, Treasurer Illinois Traction Co Champaign, 111. Judge John H. Batten. President Hamilton Club Chicago, HI. Frederick Bode, President Gage Bros. & Co., Millinery Chicago, III. Henry H. Hilton, Ginn & Company Chicago, HI. Alex. H Revell, V.-P. National Business League of America. . .Chicago, 111. George W. Sheldon, G. W. Sheldon & Co., Customs Broker. . .Chicago, III. Homer A. Stillwell, President Chicago Association of Commerce, Chicago, 111. Charles H. Wacker, President United Charities of Chicago. . . .Chicago, 111. Harry A. Wheeler, V.-P. Union Trust Co Chicago, III. H. D, Sexton, Pres. Southern lUinois National Bank. . .East St. Louis^ El. Charies W. Terry, President Citizens Trust Co EdwardsviUe, III. John Newman, President Board of Trade Elgin, III. Robert Gray, American Central Insurance Co Floral 111. Addison Bid well, President First National Bank Freeport^ 111! David Sheean, Sheean & Sheean, Attorneys Galena^ III! C. D. Hoiles, State Bank of Holies & Sons Greenville' El. J. Seaman, President Commercial League of Greenville . . . Greenville,' El. Robert M. Hockenhull, V.-P. Ayers National Bank Jacksonville, 111. W. H. Lyman, President Boss Manufacturing Co Kewanee, El. George P. Blow, President Western Clock Co La Salle, El. J. C. Strehle, J. C. Strehle & Co .Litchfield, lU. August C. Kronquest, President Business Men's Association, Maywood, El. O. F. Anderson, Cashier Moline Trust & Savings Bank Molioe, 111. Thomas B. Needles, President First National Bank Nashville, El. Asa J. Baber, President First National Bank Paris, III. James M. Rice, Attorney Peoria, 111. F. W. Osborn, President Chamber of Commerce Quincy, HI. Edw. J, Parker, Pres. El. Outdoor Improvement Association, Quincy, III. W. T. Robertson, President Winnebago National Bank of Rockford, 111. John W. Bingham, Attorney Vandalia, El. A. H. Pinkel, Cashier State Bank of Waterioo Waterloo, El. S C. Dodds, Cashier Monroe County State Bank Bloomington, Ind. F. T. Crump, President First National Bank Columbus, Ind. Otto F. Jacobi, Director City National Bank Evansville, Ind. L. Fox, Wayne Paper Mills Fort Wayne, Ind. Capt. H. S. Norton, President Gary Commercial Club Gary, Ind. C. C. Hanch, V.-P. Indiana National Association Indianapolis, Ind. D. M. Parry, Parry Manufacturing Co Indianapolis, Ind. T. J. Lindley, Hardware Jeffersonville, Ind. William Klein, Pres. LaFayette Retail Merchants Assn., LaFayette, Ind. H. E. Glick, President LaFayette Life Insurance Co LaFayette, Ind. O. R. Daily, Cashier Lebanon National Bank Lebanon, Ind. M. L. Lewis, President Chamber of Commerce Marion, Ind. Joseph G. Leffler, Ex-Circuit Judge Muncie, Ind. Horace P. Owen, President New Harmony Banking Co., New Harmony, Ind. Jonas Gaar, Gaar, Scott & Co., Mfrs. Farm Implements. .Richmond, lad. S. E. Swayne, President Commercial Club Richmond, Ind. Paul N. Bogart, Jump, Cooper & Bogart, Attorneys Terre Haute, Ind. James R. Frazer, Frazer & Frazer, Attorneys Warsaw, Ind. A. G. Oberle, President Commercial Exchange Burlington, la. William Groneweg, Groneweg & Schoentgen Council Bluffs, la. J. B. Weaver, Jr., Attorney Des Moines, la. T. W. Ruete, T. W. Ruete Drug Co Dubuque, la. W. A. Preston, Attorney Elkader, la. E. B. Soper, Soper & Soper, Attorneys Emmetsburg, la. G. L. Tremain, President Peoples State Bank Humboldt, la. Judge J. H. Henderson, Henderson & Henderson, Attorneys, Indianola, la. J. E. Gilroy, General Merchandise Lost Nation, la. George F. Kirby, President Fidelity Savings Bank Marshalltown, la. L. E. Corlett, Attorney Oskaloosa, la. A. W. Murphy, V.-P. Commercial National Bank Shenandoah, la. O. J. Moore, Treasurer C. Shenkberg Co Sioux City, la. F. P. Bowen, V.-P. First National Bank Centralia, Kan. A. Gluck, Mayor Dodge City, Kan. D. W. Morris, D. W. Morris & Son, Drugs Emporia, Kan. Richard J. Hopkins, Speaker House Representatives. . .Garden City, Kan. G. A. Rockwell, Pres. B. Rockwell Mdse. & Grain Co., Junction City, Kan. Henry A. Parson, Real Estate Kansas City, Kan. C. H. Tucker, Cashier Watkins National Bank Lawrence, Kan. S. W. Shoemaker, Secretary Greater Leavenworth Club, Leavenworth, Kan. J. K. Mitchell, Attorney Osborne, Kan. H, F. Reid, President Business Men's Association Parsons, Kan. C. A. Seaman, President Sedgwick State Bank Sedgwick, Kan. J. N. DoUey, Chairman State Committee Topeka, Kan. Earle W. Evans, Stanley, Vermilion 8e Evans Wichita, Kan. John F. Hager, Hager & Stewart, Attorneys Ashland, Ky. J. F. Cox, President Bowling Green National Bank. . .Bowling Green, Ky. George H. Casperke, Real Estate Brandeburg, Ky. C. 0. Rutsch, 2d V.-P. Henderson Commercial Club Henderson, Ky. W. A. McDowell, President Commercial Club Lexington, Ky. Lee B. McHargen, Postmaster London, Ky. John W. Barr, President Fidelity Trust Co Louisville, Ky. Bruce Haldeman, President Louisville Courier-Journal. .. .Louisville, Ky, Thomas C. Timberlake, 1st V.-P. Commercial Club Louisville, Ky. Albert M. Larkin, Cashier German National Bank Newport, Ky. C. M. Kennedy, Secretary Commercial Club : . Nicbolasville, Ky. Geo. H. Cox, Pres. Federation of Commercial Clubs of Ky., Owensboro, Ky. John J. Freundlich, Kentucky Int. R. R. Co Paducah, Ky. James T. Scott, Capitalist Williamstowu, Ky. Lewis R. Hampton, Secretary Commercial Club Winchester, Ky. C. W. Bolton, Capitalist Alexandria, La. J. Farrnbacher, Farrnbacher Dry Goods Co Baton Rouge, La. H. R. McLeod, Lumber Baton Rouge, La. O. B. Steele, V.-P. Bank of Baton Rouge Baton Rouge, La. Eari S. Barnett, Shadyside Co., Ltd., Sugar Calumet P. O., La. W. E. Lawson, Cashier Bank of Acadia Crowley, La. L. M. Soniah, Sugar Planter Dorcyville, La. James M. McBride, Belle Iron Plant EUendale, La. Clifton Mathews, Attorney Farmerville, La. Daniel C. Scarborough, Scarborough & Carver, Attorneys, Natchitoches, La. A. Brittin, Merchant New Orleans, La. C. C. Cordill, Capitalist NewOrieans, La. C. H. Ellis, President Board of Trade New Orleans, La. W. 0. Hart, Treas. Commercial Law League of America, New Orleans, La. H. J. de la Vergne, Capitalist New Orieans, La. Phihp Werlein, President New Orleans Progressive Union, New Orleans, La F. B. Williams, Capitalist, Whitney Central Nat'l Bank, New Orleans, La. E. H. Randolph, President Louisiana Bar Association. . . .Shreveport, La. James Beary, Sheriff Thibodeaux, La! George C. Wing, former Judge Auburn, Me Luther F. MclSnney, former U. S. Minister to Colombia. . .Bridgton, Me! Frank T. Wadsworth, S. L. Wadsworth & Son, Contractors, Eastport, Me" W. M Ayer, Drum Edge Tool Co Oakland, Me! Fritz H. Jordan, Merchant Portland, Me! John Dep Douw, Member Chamber of Commerce Annapolis, Md! Thomas G. Boggs, Secy. Merchants & Manufacturers Assn., Baltimore, Md! Theodore Marburg, Capitalist Baltimore, Md! AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION National Advisory Committee— Continued George A. Pearre, Congressman Cumberland, Md. John Mason, V.-P. Farmers & Merchants National Bank Easton, Md. H. Staples Potter, Potter & Wrightington Boston, Mass. B. Atwood Robinson, President Sub-Target Gun Co Boston, Mass. L. E. Chamberlain, President Mass. State Board of Trade, Brockton, Mass. George M. Nash, Lamb & Ritchie Co Cambridgeport, Mass. Prescott Keyer, Attorneyv Concord, Mass. Joseph S. Fay, Jr Falmouth, Mass. Charles H. Grover, President Board of Trade Haverhill, Mass. Thomas S. Childs, President Business Men's Association. .Holyoke, Mass. W. J. Sullivan, President Board of Trade Lawrence, Mass. Alfred P. Sawyer, Attorney Lowell, Mass. Ralph S. Bauer, President Board of Trade Lynn, Mass. Herbert E. King, President Board of Trade Mansfield, Mass. Otis N. Pierce, Grinnell Mf§. Corporation New Bedford, Mass. George F. Richardson, Provisions Newton, Mass. Calvin Coolidge, Attorney ; Northampton, Mass. Charles A. Pike, Cashier Orange National Bank Orange, Mass. George H. Cooper, President Board of Trade. Pittsfield, Mass. E. B. Atwood, Lumber Plymouth, Mass. T. N. "Wood, Secretary Business Men's Club Middleboro, Mass. William E. Stevens, Justice Superior Court Stoneham, Mass. Edwin A. Tetlow, City Clerk Taunton, Mass. Charles T. Tatman, President Board of Trade Worcester, Mass. John L. Stoddard, Attorney Bay City, Mich. Charles Foster, V.-P. Farmers & Merchants Bank Benton Harbor, Mich- George H. Barbour, V.-P. Michigan Stove Co Detroit, Mich. J. L. Hudson, President J. L. Hudson Co Detroit, Mich. Abner E. Larned, President Board of Commerce Detroit, Mich. Charles B. Kelsey, V.-P. Commercial_Savings Bank, . .Grand Rapids, Mich. Lewis H. Withey, President Michigan Trust Co Grand Rapids, Mich, J. N. Cotton, Real Estate Hart, Mich. Edward Frensdorf, Wool Hudson, Mich. D. A. Shepardson, V.-P. M. & M Assn. of Kan, Cty., Mo., Kalamazoo, Mich Edward N. Breitung, Capitalist Marquette, Mich. John I. Ross, Attorney Muskegon, Mich. Joshua Hill, General Pontiac, Mich. WiUiam S. Linton, Postmaster and Congressman Saginaw, Mich. Franklin Moore, Diamond Crystal Salt Co St. Clair, Mich. K. H, McKenzie, Merchant Sandus^, Mich. L. S. Monroe, President First State Bank South Haven, Mich. Alfred S. Fildew, Manufacturer St. Johns, Mich. E. B. Linsley, Sheffield Car Co Three Rivers, Mich. W. W. Smith, Hannah & Lay Mercantile Co Traverse City, Mich. B. F. Tenney, Cashier First State Bank Ada, Minn. M. T. Dunn, President Citizens State Bank Brainerd, Minn. William Anglim, V.-P, First National Bank Crookston, Minn. A. M. Marshall, President Marshall Wells Hardware Co. , .Duluth, Minn. George A. Weston, Weston & Jewett, Insurance Faribault, Minn. W. B. Strom, W. B. Strom Drug Co Hector, Minn. C. J. Martin, Cashier Rock County Bank Luverne, Minn. J. W. Andrews, Andrews & Andrews, Physicians Mankato, Minn. A. A. Crane, V.-P, Northwestern National Bank Minneapolis, Minn. N. F. Hawley, Treas. Farmers & Mechanics Savings Bk,, Minneapolis, Minn. W. G. Nye, Commissioner Club of Minneapolis MinneapoUs, Minn, Harold Swenson, Merchant New London. Minn. M. J. Dowling, President Olivia State Bank Olivia, Minn, Archbishop Ireland St. Paul, Minn. Frank Y. Locke, President Security Trust Co St. Paul, Minn. Howard F. Ware, E. M. & fl. F. Ware, Mtg. Investments, St. Paul, Minn. Lee H. Bierce, Secy. Merchants & Business Men's Assn. . .Winona, Minn. R. L. Breath, Merchant Bay St. Louis, Miss. W. C. Bryant, Capitalist Bryant, Miss. W. I. Stone, Creekmore & Stone, Attorneys Cofifeeville, Miss, B. A. Wilhamson, Cashier Pearl River Bank Columbia, Miss. W. F. Wallace, V.-P. First National Bank Corinth, Miss. N. L. Riteman, Geyser & Co., Merchants Greenville, Miss. Richard T, Jones, President Greenwood Savings Bank. , .Greenwood, Miss. W, M, Conner, Merchant Hattiesburg, Miss. Dan Shumaker, Shumaker Bros Holly Springs, Miss. M. C. Moore, Secretary Board of Trade & Cotton Exchange, Meridian, Miss, W. P. Stewart, Director Chamber of Commerce Natchez, Miss, J. R. Wells, Attorney Tutwiler, Miss. J. A. Hennessey, President Vicksburg Progressive League, Vicksburg, Miss. General Henry Cadle Bethany, Mo. W. M. Williams Cooper, Mo. A. C. Pettijohn Brookfield, Mo. Fred C. Sasse, Mayor and V.-P, Commercial Club Brunswick, Mo, Charles Ousley, Cashier Crocker State Bank Crocker, Mo. John H. Atkinson Doniphan, Mo. Hon. Politte Elvins, M, C, Attorney Elvins, Mo. John H. Holmes Joplin, Mo. E. M. Clendening, General Secretary Commercial Club, Kansas City, Mo. C. S. Gleed, President Missouri & Kansas Telephone Co,, Kansas City, Mo, J, C. Lester, For, Pres. Mo. River Wholesale Grocers Assn, Kansas City, Mo. H. G. Moore, Big "4s" Implement Co Kansas City, Mo. Edward Higbee Lancaster, Mo. Clarence A. Barnes Mexico, Mo. A. P. Murphy Rolla, Mo. Ralfjh O. Stauber St. Joseph, Mo. Daniel Catlin, Capitalist St. Louis, Mo. D. R. Francis, Banker St„ Louis, Mo. Walker Hill, President Mechanics-American National Bank, St Louis, Mo. Edward E. Seharff, Former President Merchants Exchange. .St. Louis, Mo. J. E. Smith, V.-P. Simmons Hardware Co. St. Louis, Mo, Judge Selden P. Spencer, Attorney St, Louis, Mo. Rt. Rev. Dan L. Tuttle, Bishop of Missouri St. Louis, Mo. Oscar L. Whitelaw, Assistant Treasurer of United States. . .St. Louis, Mo, John H. Bothwell Sedalia, Mo. H. T. Hornsby, V.-P. United Iron Works Co Springfield, Mo. O. L. Houts Warrensburg, Mo. P. J. Brophy, Merchant Butte, Mont. H. S Clark, Capitalist Butte, Mont. Arthur A. Ferns, Ferns Coal Company Butte, Mont. Ernest A. Hardcastle, Secretary Business Men's Association. .Butte, Mont. F. E. Stranahan, Attorney Fort Benton, Mont. James Holland, President Chamber of Commerce Havre, Mont. Dr. O. M. Lanstrum, Publisher Montana Daily Record. . . .Helena, Mont. David Hilger, President Commercial Club Lewiston, Mont. Thos. J. Porter, Attorney Miles City, Mont. J. M. Klein, President Chamber of Commerce Missoida, Mont. S. K. Warrick, Cashier First National Bank Alliance, Neb. Leander Gerrard, Capitalist Columbus, Neb. W. L. Dayton, JPhysician Lincoln, Neb. , Edgar H. Allen, Allen Brothers Company Omaha, Neb. H. H. Baldridge, Baldridge, DeBord & Fradenburg, Attys., Omaha, Neb. C. Chinn, Cashier Ord State Bank Ord, Neb. Charles K. Hart, President Prosser State Bank Prosser, Neb. A. E. Cady, Nebraska Mercantile Co St. Paul, Neb. G. A. Eberly, Attorney Stanton, Neb. George W. Post, President First National Bank York, Neb. C. T. Stevenson, Secretary Commercial Club Reno, Nev. Perley R. Bugbee, Cashier Dartmouth National Bank .... Hanover, N. H. Dr. R. V. Sweet, President Board of Trade Rochester, N. H. Edw. D. Easton, Pres Amer. Graph'ne Co., Areola, Ridgewood P. 0., N. J. Rev, Charles Martin Niles, Rector Ch. of Ascension, Atlantic City, N. J. Edward P. Bryan, Secretary Wadley Nurseries Bound Brook, N. J. Oberlin Smith, President Ferracute Machine Co Bridgeton, N. J. James H. Birch, Jr., James H. Birch, Manuf. and Export., Burlington, N. J. Harry P. Thorn, Pres. Burlington County National Bank, BurUngton, N. J. William Leonard Hurley, President Board of Trade Camden, N. J. Joseph M. McManus, McManus Bros Elizabeth, N. J. Frank Dorian, Dictaphone Co , Hackensack, N. J. Charles S. Shultz, President Hoboken Bank for Savings. . .Hoboken, N. J. John M. Enright, McDermott & Smigler, Attorneys Jersey City, N. J. Jefierson Seligman, J. & W. Sehgman & Co., Bankers. .Long Branch, N. J. S. C. G. Watkins, Physician Montclair, N. J. Stephen Farrelly, American News Co Morristown, N. J. Wiflard P. Voorhees, Justice Supreme Court of N. J,, New Brunswick, N. J. Levi H. Morris, President Board of Trade Newton, N. J. Hubert L. Cottell Paterson, N. J. R. Henry Depew, Abm. S. See & Depew, Insurance Plainfield, N. J. Clarence S. Houghton, Attorney Red Bank, N. J. Charles S. Buckelew, Secretary Board of Trade South Amboy, N. J. R. C. Ely, President Chamber of Commerce Deming, N. M. Wm. Alex. Sutherland, Holt & Sutherland, Attorneys. .Las Cruces, N. M. Edwin C. Crampton, Attorney Raton, N. M. Alexander Nisbet, Nisbet & Nisbet Roswell, N. M. William B. Jones, Secretary Chamber of Commerce Albany, N. Y. W. B. Wackerhagen, V.-P. Albany Hardware & Iron Co Albany, N. Y. Wm. G. Phelps, V.-P. Chamber of Commerce Binghamton, N. Y. Adelbert Moot, Moot, Sprague, Brownell & Marcy, Attorneys, Buffalo, N. Y. Maurice C. Spratt, Hoyt & Spratt, Attorneys Buffalo, N. Y. William T. Ford, Ford & Sons, Real Estate Cohoes, N. Y. Walter N. Renwick, Attorney Cuba, N. Y. Arthur P. Rose, Attorney Geneva, N. Y. G. C. Adams, President First National Bank Greenport, N. Y. William D. Mann, Journalist Hague, N. Y. Charles E. Snyder, Snyder, Cristman & Earl Herkimer, N. Y. Loren Allen, Capitahst. Hudson Falls, N. Y. Frank A. Schmidt, Attorney Ilion, N. Y. George W. Weeks, Jr., V.-P. Board of Trade Islip, N. Y. Charles E. Treman, Hardware Ithaca, N. Y. Ernest Cawcroft, Secretary Chamber of Commerce Jamestown, N. Y. Edward L.Hall, Director National Chautauqua Co, Bank, Jamestown, N. Y. D. G. Atkins, President Board of Education Kingston, N. Y. Frederick P. James, President Board of Trade Lockport, N. Y. Frederick K. Gifford, Secretary Chamber of Commerce. .Newburgh, N. Y. George W. Knox, President Board of Trade Niagara Falls, N. Y. Henry C. Deane, Retired Ogdensburg, N. Y. W. v. Burr, President Chamber of Commerce Oswego, N. Y. Niel Gray, Jr., Oswego Machine Works Oswego, N. Y. John T. Gorman, Attorney Owe^o, N. Y. Martin Heermance, Attorney Poughkeepsie, N, Y. Hon H. C. Brewster, President Traders National Bank. .Rochester, N. Y, George Dietrich, President Chamber of Commerce Rochester, N. Y. Clinton Rogers, President Howe & Rogers Co., Carpets. .Rochester, N. Y, Carl Simon, Treasurer J. E. Bacon Co Rome, N. Y. N. J. Gould, President The Goulds Mfg. Co Seneca Falls, N. Y. John H. Barr, President Chamber of Commerce Syracuse, N. Y. C. A, Chase, President Syracuse Chilled Plow Co Syracuse, N. Y. John Marsellus, President John Marsellus Mfg. Co Syracuse, N. Y. George H. Babcock, 2d V.-P. Chamber of Commerce. . . Watertown, N. Y. Alexander Stolz, Trustee Chamber of Commerce Yonkers, N. Y. J. M. Stoner, Dry Goods AsheviUe, N. C. Robert Glasgow, Treasurer Charlotte Hardware Co Charlotte, N. C. C. J. Cooper, Treasurer Southern Life Insurance Co. . . , Fayetteville, N, C. Henry Weil, Merchant Goldsboro, N. C. Fletcher R. Harris, Physician Henderson, N. C. Joseph R. Chamberlain, Caraleigh Phos. & Fertilizer Wks., Raleigh, N. C. M. H. Fowlkes, Stephen Shoe Co Rockingham, N. C. D. M, Blackwelder, Manager Commercial Club Salisbury, N. C. John T. Cramer, Cramer Furniture Co Thomasville, N. C, William Bragaw, William Bragaw & Co Washington, N. C. James F. Gooch, Weldon Brick & Sand Imp. Co Weldon, N. C. M. W. Divine, M. W. Divine & Co Wilmington, N. C. William A, Blair, V,-P. People's National Bank Winston-Salem, N. C, J. S, Kuykendall, Secretary Board of Trade Winston-Sidem, N. C. H, A. Bronson, Bronson & McCanna, Attorneys Grand Forks, N. D. W. R. Bond, President Bond Lumber Co Minot, N, D, I. B. Raymond, Secretary B. F. Goodrich Co., Rubber Goods, Akron, Ohio E. F. Korns, Secretary Business Men's Association Alliance, Ohio E. P. Chamberlain, Dow & Chamberlain, Attorneys, Bellefontaine, Ohio R. 0. Perrott, Secretary American Clay Machinery Co Bucyrus, Ohio AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION National Advisory Committee — Continued J. H. Winkeljohann, President Commercial Club Celina, Ohio J. G. Schmidlapp, Capitalist Cincinnati, Ohio Myron T. Herrick, Ex-Governor and Capitalist Cleveland, Ohio J. A. Jeffrey, President Jeffrey Mfg. Co Columbus, Ohio T. L. Montgomery, Cashier Coshocton National Bank Coshocton, Ohio John F. Ohmer, President Ohmer Fare Register Co Dayton, Ohio Washington W. Boynton, Attorney Elyria, Ohio Dr. N. L. MacLachlan, President Findlay Publishing Co. . .Findlay, Ohio E. W. Allen, V.-P. Union National Bank Fostoria, Ohio William A. Gabel, Assistant Cashier First National Bank. . .Fremont, Ohio B. Newhall, Professor of Greek at Kenyon College Gambler, Ohio Ruf us L. Fite, Attorney Georgetown, Ohio J. S. White, Cashier First National Bank Greenwich, Ohio George T. Reiss, President Chamber of Commerce Hamilton, Ohio Jacob H. Feibel, Feibel Bros HlUsboro, Ohio Henry K. Beck, Director Fairfield National Bank Lancaster, Ohio Charles Lockwood, Cashier First National Bank Loveland, Ohio J. W. Dysle, President Merchants Association Marietta, Ohio C. M. Russell, MassilloD Iron & Steel Co Massillon, Ohio W. C. Bennett, Physician Mount Gilead, Ohio Desault B, Knox, The C. G. Cooper Co Mount Vernon, Ohio W. F. Pender, Cashier First National Bank Napoleon, Ohio W. A. Thomas, Thomas Steel Co Niles, Ohio Percy K. Smith, Painesville Metallic Binding Co Painesville, Ohio P. E. Selby, V.-P. Selby Shoe Co Portsmouth, Ohio Leon S. Wiles, Cashier Ripley National Bank Ripley, Ohio Theo. Troupe Springfield, Ohio A. D. MacMillau Secretary Chamber of Commerce. . . Steubenville, Ohio T. W. Warner, President Warner Mfg. Co., Automobile Parts, Toledo, Ohio Henry C. Houston, Physician Urbana, Ohio William G. Hurlbert, President Bostwick Steel Latch Co ... . Warren, Ohio J. G. Butler, Jr., President Chamber of Commerce Youngstown, Ohio William Binder, Binder & Hillery Comanche, Okla.' Dr. John A. Hatchett, President El Reno State Bank. . . .El Reno, Okla. C. C. Smith, Cashier Oklahoma State Bank Enid, Okla. Milas Lasater, State Insurance Commissioner Guthrie, Okla. E. C. Million, President American National Bank McAlester, Okla. R. S. Litchfield. V.-P. Oklahoma Trust Co .Muscogee, Okla. E. D. Nims, Pres. Pioneer Telephone & Telegraph Co., Oklahoma City, Okla. L. W. Buffington, V.-P. Vinita National Bank Vinita, Okla. E. A. Sherwin, Director First National Bank Ashland, Ore. F. A. Anderson, Anderson & Warner, Lumber Eugene, Ore. J. C. Cooper, Secretary Commercial Club McMinnsville, Ore. A. H. Devers, Closset & Devers, Tea & Coffee Importers, Portland, Ore. William McMaster, President Chamber of Commerce .Portland, Ore. H. I. Koch, Secretary Chamber of Commerce Allentown, Pa. J. S. Leisenring, Leisenring & Walters, Attorneys Altoona, Pa. Archibald Johnston, Bethlehem Steel Co Bethlehem, Pa. Charles E. Bullock, Attorney Canton, Pa. D. L. Crane, Israel Crane Co , Dry Goods Carbondale, Pa. Richard Wetherill, Corliss Engine Builders Chester, Pa. A. F. Huston, President Lukens Iron & Steel Co Coatesville, Pa. P. S. Weber, Secretary Business Men's Exchange Du Bois, Pa. Newton Graham, Graham Lumber Co East Brady, Pa. P. D. Wright, President Reed Mfg. Co Erie, Pa. Edw. C. Thurber, Galeno Oil Signal Co Franklin, Pa. Vincent E. Williams, WilUams, Wagley & Doran, Attnys., Greensburg, Pa. Edward Bailey, President Harrisburg National Bank Harrisburg, Pa. W. Henry Sutton, Attorney Haverford, Pa. Harvey Brumbaugh, Juniata College Huntingdon, Pa. John T. Hyatt, Formerly Vice-Consul at Santiago de Cuba, Jersey Shore, Pa. W. M. Nixdorf, Secretary Chamber of Commerce Lancaster, Pa. James Lord, President American Iron & Steel Mfg. Co Lebanon, Pa. J. B. Ayres, President Chamber of Commerce McKeesport, Pa. W. B. Godcharles, F. A. Godcharles Co Milton, Pa. W. W. Corbett, Druggist New Bethlehem, Pa. Thomas DevUn, Pres. Thomas Devlin Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Frank D. LaLanne, Member Ex. Com. Board of Trade, Philadelphia, Pa. Coleman Sellers, William Sellers & Co., Machinists' Tools, Philadelphia, Pa. Philip Hamburger, Distiller Pittsburgh, Pa. J. R. Park, Secretary Board of Trade. Pittsburgh, Pa. Lee S. Smith, Lee S. Smith & Son Co Pittsburgh, Pa. Francis J. Torrance, 1st V.-P. Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. .Pittsburgh, Pa. Judge R. H. Koch, Attorney PottsviJle, Pa. T. W. Laubenstein, Secretary Business Men's Association. .Shamokin, Pa. William Mclntyre, President Sharon Board of Trade Sharon, Pa. W. A. Stone, President Prospect Coke Co Uniontown, Pa. A. J. Hazeltine, President Warren Savings Bank Warren, Pa. James H. Snowden, Editor Presbyterian Banner Pub. Co., Washington, Pa Eugene W. Mulligan, V.-P. Second National Bank Wilkes-Barre, Pa. W. L. Raeder, President Board of Trade Wilkes-Barre, Pa. William P. Beeber, Attorney Williamsport, Pa. N. Sargent Ross, Ross & Brenneman York, Pa. Col. Samuel Pomeroy Colt, Pres. United States Rubber Co., Bristol, R. I. F. E. Cbadwick, Rear Admiral Newport, R. I. C. E. Ballou, Treas. Woonsocket Institution for Savings, Woonsocket, R. I. J. R. Blake, Real Estate Abbeville, S. C. H. C. Hahn, Hahn & Co., Wholesale Grocers Aiken, S. C. J. J. Tretwell, Real Estate Anderson, S. (\ William R. Hough, State Senator Camden, S. C. Thornwell Haynes, Superintendent of Central School Central, S. C P. H. Gadsden, President Chamber of Commerce Charleston, S. C R G. Rhett, President Peoples National Bank Charleston, S. C. James M. Seignious, Pres. Charleston Cotton Exchange, Charleston, S. C. Fitzhugh McMaster, Insurance Commissioner of S. C, Columbia, S. C. Geo. W. Brunson, Pres. Greenville News Publishing Co., Greenville, S. C. C. C. Twitty, President Hartsville Cotton Mill. Hartville, S. C. Chas. Christman, C. D. Mathews & Co., Cotton Brokers, Spartanburg, S. C. Emslie Nicholson, 1st V.-P. Chamber of Commerce Union, S. C. Chas. A. Howard, Howard & Hedges, Investment Brokers, Aberdeen, S. D. N. E. Franklin, President First National Bank Deadwood, S. D, H. R. Dennis, President Sioux Falls Savings Bank Sioux Falls, S. D. C. J. St. Johns, Attorney Bristol, Tenn. C. D. Mitchell, Chattanooga Plow Co Chattanooga, Tenn. J. L. Hutton, President Phoenix National Bank Columbia, Tenn. B. D. Irvine, Retired Capitalist Dresden, Tenn. W. M. Wright, Physician Huntingdon, Tenn. F. B. Fisher, Director Jackson Banking Co Jackson, Tenn. W. H. Dietz, Attorney Kingston, Tenn. M. F. Flenniken, M. F. Flenniken & Co., Real Estate. . .Knoxville, Tenn. S. G. Stratton, President Lebanon National Bank Lebanon, Tenn. S. T. Pease, President Memphis Merchants Exchange Memphis, Tenn. B. F. Moore, President Murfreesboro Bank & Trust Co., Murf reesboro, Tenn. A. J. Harris, Ex-President Chamber of Commerce Nashville, Tenn. Ira H. Evans, International & Great Northern Railroad Austin, Tex. B. Deutser, President B. Deutser Furniture Co Beaumont, Tex. Viggo Kohler, Stockman Beeville, Tex. D. R. Hardison, Secretary Commercial Club Brady, Tex. T. C. Yantis, President Brownwood National Bank Brownwood, Tex. W. F. Boggess, V.-P. Del Rio National Bank Del Rio, Tex. W. W. Turney, Attorney El Paso, Tex. William G. Newby, President American National Bank. .Fort Worth, Tex. H. Mosle, Member Galveston Chamber of Commerce. . . .Galveston, Tex. James Armistead, V.-P. Greenville National Bank Greenville, Tex. Dr. H. W. Cummings, State Board of Health Hearne, Tex. Eli Dunlap, V.-P. Hereford Commercial Club Hereford, Tex. Ed. Woodhall, Mayor, President Board of Trade Hillsboro, Tex. A. S. Cleveland, President Houston Business League Houston, Tex. Sam Mackin, President Board of Trade Laredo, Tex. Thomas J. Record, President City National Bank Paris, Tex. John W. Gates, Capitalist Port Arthur, Tex, F. W. Cook, Jr., President Chamber of Commerce San Antonio, Tex. WilHam M. Woodall, Secretary Commercial Club Temple, Tex. M. W. Raley, President First National Bank Terrell, Tex. Ferdinand Erickson, Attorney Mount Pleasant, Utah William W. Riter, President Deseret Savings Bank. . Salt Lake City, Utah Frank K. Beard, Secretary Retail Merchants Association Barre, Vt. Henry D. Holton, Physician and Surgeon Brattleboro, Vt. George M. Moore, Secretary Board of Trade Ludlow, Vt. Fred Blanchard, Merchant Montpelier, \'t. Fletcher D. Proctor, Ex-Governor, Pres. Vermont Marble Co., Proctor, Vt. George S. Haley, President Rutland Improvement League. . . .Rutland, Vt. Herbert H. Blanchard, Blanchard & Tupper, Attorneys. . . Springfield, Vt. C. C. Leadbeater, Pres. E. S. Leadbeater & Sons, Inc., Drugs, Alexandria, Va. C. B. Slemp, Chairman Republican State Committee . . Big Stone Gap, Va. G. B. Sinclair, V.-P. Jefferson National Bank Charlottesville, Va. R. L. Dibrell, Dibrell Bros., Inc., Tobacco Danville, Va. Jacob Shaner, Real Estate Lynchburg, Va. J. T. Penn, Penn & Watson, Tobacco Martinsville, Va. A. L. Powell, President Powell Trust Co Newport News, Va. W. J. Crosby, Retired Norfolk, Va. William L. Zimmer, Zimmer & Co., Inc. Petersburg, Va. John Skelton Williams, President Bank of Richmond Richmond, Va. Henry W. Wood, President Chamber of Commerce Richmond, Va. R. H. Angell, President Chamber of Commerce Roanoke, Va. J. M. Spotts, President Blue Ridge Light & Power Co Staunton, Va! R. T. Barton, Pres. Farmers & Merchants National Bank, Winchester, Va. Frank G. Jones, President U. S. National Bank Aberdeen, Wash. Hon. Thomas Burke, Judge Seattle, Wash William T. Perkins, President Northern Securities Co Seattle, Wash. C. B. Yandell, Secretary Chamber of Commerce Seattle, Wash. George S. Brooke, President Fidelity National Bank. . . . Spokane Wash' William H. Thomas, V.-P. Flat Top National Bank Bluefield, W. Va. P. L. Frankenberger, Clothing Charleston, W. Va. John B. Hart, President Hart Bros. Machine Co Clarksburg W Va Robert V. Taft, Robert V. Taft & Co Parkersburg, W. Va! G. P. Sigler, Physician Pennsboro' W. Va! William N. Baird, The Kenneweg Co., Wholesale Grocers. .Romuey* W* Va* J. R. McMahon, McMahon & Co St. Marys W Va H. F. Behrens, Jr., V.-P. Sterling Remedy Co Wheeling^ W Va D. L. Thomas, General Manager Oak Forest Coal Co. . .Winfield^ w! Va! W. B. McArthur, Cashier First National Bank Antigo, Wis! Gustav Kustermann, Congressman , Green Bay' Wis! A. P. Lovejoy, President Industrial & Commercial Club. . . Janesville' Wis Victor F. Lawson, Journalist Lone Tree Point, Wis. hj. J. J^urlong, President Chamber of Commerce. . . . Milwaukee Wis A^^: ^- X?S^'' ^ ^•"^- ^^^*^^ ^ "^'"S^^ Leather Co Milwaukee! Wis! Willis Ludlow, Director First National Bank Monroe Wis Joseph Morley, Cashier Neillsville Bank Neillsville', Wis! L. A. Baker, Cashier Manufacturers Bank New Richmond' Wis Charles Barber, Barber & Begliner, Attorneys Oshkosh* Wis' J. H. Evans, V.-P. First National Bank Platteville' Wis A. Zienert, V.-P. First National Bank Portatre' Wis" A. J. Horlick, Mayor, Malted Milk Mf r .."..■ ! [ ! ." .' . Racine. Wis' H. E. Miles, Manufacturer Racine' Wis W. F. Winchester, Cashier Reedsburg Bank Reedsburg' Wis' Paul Browne, Attorney . .......... Rhinelander; Wis! George L. Field, President First National Bank Ripon Wis T i?'tP°^°^*^'t^°^°*'^*' ^^"S Co Sheboygan! Wis' J . i' . Prentiss, Insurance Watertown Wis W. D. Sproesser, President Merchants National Bank. . . Watertown' Wis' S. Conant Parks, V.-P. First National Bank Lander.'Wyo' J. H. Anderson, Manufacturer Rock Spring! Wyo' Foreword iHis is a democratic movement. The idea existing in some quar- ters that this association advo- cates the purchase of palaces abroad is erroneous; it opposes either the rental or ownership of palaces; it stands purely for the acquisition by our government of suitable buildings that will combine the office and the residence that an am- bassador can maintain on his pay, and in which all ambassadors must reside, whether worth millions or dependent on their salaries. We believe that "all ambassadors should look alike." This will help the poor man, will tend to restrict the extravagances of the rich, and will create a "standard of appearances" that will be creditable to the nation. The experiences of this association show that in democratic sections of this country the senti- ment in favor of this is very strong; it is recog- nized as "democratic doctrine," and both William Jennings Bryan and Samuel Gompers have made public addresses to assist our cause. We believe it is undemocratic, and that it also reflects on the dignity of the nation, for one am- bassador to live in a palace and for his successor to live in a flat. We believe that embassies creditable to our nation and strictly American in design can be acquired at an average of not over Three Hundred Thousand Dollars each — a total of only Three Million Dollars for all the countries to which we send an ambassador, and that they will enhance in value. As we appropriate annually over Two Hundred Million Dollars in making preparations to keep on a hostile footing with other nations, we can well afford to expend Three Million Dollars to promote friendship with them. We conceive an ambassador's duty to be the cultivation of friendship among the people of the country to which he is accredited, so that he may be prepared to speedily smooth over any rough places, thereby averting possible war, and, through being on friendly terms with the govern- ment and the people, get everything possible in the way of commercial advantages for our country. We do not believe that it is any part of his duty to create a snobbish court circle by entertaining certain traveling Americans. This may aid him, but it brings no benefit to the people of our coun- try. "It butters no commercial parsnips." His duty toward Americans abroad lies in throwing the arm of the government around them and pro- tecting them whenever they are in trouble. We believe that the president should not be limited in his choice of ambassadors for important posts to men of great wealth, and, to prove that he is, we quote from President Taft's speech of January 26th, 1910, before the National Board of Trade, at Washington, when he said: "We boast ourselves a democratic country. We say that there is no place within the gift of the people to which we may not select the most humble inhab- itant, providing he be fit to discharge its duty, and yet we have an arrangement which makes it absolutely impossible for anybody but a millionaire to occupy the highest diplomatic post. "Now I ask you whether that is con- sistency; whether it is not the purest kind of demagogy.? By demagogy I mean the advancement of an argument which seems to be in favor of democracy, but which, when it actually works out, is in favor of plutocracy." Our association believes that our countrymen would point with pride to a place in which they feel, they have citizens' rights, and where they may come and go with the same freedom as that existing at the White House at Washington. So long as our representatives abroad are com- pelled to expend large sums from their private fortunes, just so long will our citizens feel that their rights in such residences are uncertain, and that such expenditures on the part of our representatives tends to give them too much independence towards their compatriots and thereby renders them less useful to American citizens. We believe that no representative of our govern- ment abroad should be called upon to make expenditures from his private fortune, or that it should be necessary for him to have one in order to enable him to accept the appointment and to maintain our dignity in foreign countries. Refusal to provide residences for our repre- sentatives precludes the nation from obtaining the services of many eminent citizens. The American democratic spirit and the American national pride demand that such a condition of affairs be terminated. The American Embassy Association appeals to this democratic spirit and national pride to secure action by Congress to favor the acquisition by the United States of American embassies in foreign countries. The only Diplomatic Residences owned by the American Government are at Bangkok, Constantinople, Pekin and Tokyo. The combined cost to the U. S. government has been probably not over $250,000 (see foot notes). If we are to increase our foreign busmess and pres- tige as we can and should, it is evident that to compete successfully with other nations, we must lose no time in imitating them. Diplomatic Building, Bangkok, Siam Diplomatic Building, Pekin, China BANGKOK, SIAM Presented by King of Siam in 1884, subject to annual ground rent of $84. Reported in 1889 by Jacob S. Child, American minister, as a "wreck dangerous for occupation, shaking in strong wind" (Senate Document 29, 51st Congress, 1st Session). In 1890 Congress appropriated for repairs $3,000. In 1900 Congress appropriated for repairs $2,000. Reported as an "old barn" in Senate Document 251, 56th Congress, 1st Session. Only the land is valuable. Bangkok is an important city of 700,000 people, the capital of Siam, population 5,000,000. Reported a new building creditable to the nation and adding pres- tige to our business interests would cost $25,000. CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY Purchased for $150,000 by appropriation included in the Congres- sional "Diplomatic and Consular Bill" of June 16, 1906. Our only ambassadorial building that does the nation credit. Constantinople is an important city of about 1,200,000 inhabitants. Diplomatic Building, Constantinople, Turkey Dipomatic Building, Tokyo, Japan PEKIN, CHINA Act of Congress March 22, 1902, appropriated $60,000 for erection of building. Is a creditable and suitable legation, adding to our business in- fluence. Pekin is the capital of China, having a population of something under 2,000,000. TOKYO, JAPAN Act of Congress February 26, 1896, appropriated $16,000 for the purchase, subject to a ground rent of not exceeding $200 per annum from the Japanese government. Reported as being "unsuitable, undignified and not calculated to give us standing necessary in Japan," and "subject to much adverse criticism that we should own such a poor building at so import- ant a place." Tokyo, the capital of Japan, has a population of about 2,000,000. The only Consular Buildings owned by the American Government are at Amoy, Seoul, Tahiti, Tangier and Yokohama, entirely acquired by gift, and are of nominal value, as shown by the foot notes. The combined cost to this government has probably been not over $20,000. If we are to increase our foreign business and prestige as we can and should, it is evident that to compete successfully with other nations we must lose no time in imitating them. Consular Building, Amoy, China Consular Building, Seoid, Korea AMOY, CHINA May 14, 1871, the Chinese government granted the land to the American consul, a Mr. Legendre, conditioned that a hospital for sick and disabled seamen should be erected, there. Mr. Legendre leased the building to a Mr. Manson, who established'a hospital. In 1891 the American consul took possession of the ground because conditions were not being fulfilled. In 1893 the consulate was moved[into the building, since which time the government has paid an annual ground rent of $25.50. The building, according to the picture, looks weU, but was partially destroyed in 1904 by fire, and fixed up at a cost of $3,500, without proper supervision or the services of an architect. The building is subject to floods and damp, and reported by Mr. Huntington Wilson, the assistant secretary of state, as "in danger of being washed away by the annual typhoon, leaky when it rains and unhealthful." Reported by others as "a disgrace to the government." Since the building was "reconstructed" in 1904 there has been expended from time to time on repairs, about $2,000, so that its total cost as it stands today represents an expenditure on the part of the American government of only about $5,000. The mortarjfor building was mixed with salt water, making it impossible to paint the walls and make a decent appearance. Each few years white ants destroy a considerable amount of the timber. The building is described in one report as an "unsubstantial shell." In construction in the Philippine Islands, the government has found reinforced concrete to be the only material adapted to conditions in the Orient. Amoy is an important city of over 300,000 population. A substantial concrete building it is estimated could be built for $30,000, that would be creditable to the government and would vastly improve our influence and trade there. TANGIER, MOROCCO Photographs unsatisfactory as streets too narrow to permit of being taken differently. The Sultan of Morocco granted this property to John Mullowney, American consul from 1820 to 1830. He, deeming it his personal property, sold one-half, and in 1841, one of his successors, Mr. Carr, sold another part to Shiriqui Essouri, whose heirs claimed it. Qn May 24, 1891, Consul Mathews obtained from the pasha of the province, a title showing the property to be transferred to the United States. The cost of obtaining title was about $65. As a piece of government property it does not reflect credit upon us. Tangier has a population of about 30,000 Consular Building, Tangier, Morocco Consular Building, Tahiti, Society Islands Consular Building, Yokohama, Japan TAHITI, SOCIETY ISLANDS— FRENCH In 1832 Queen Pomare granted ground for an American consulate which grant was confirmed in 1848 by the French governor. A building was erected at the expense of the American consul and each subsequent consul purchased the property from his predecessor. Mr. Salmon, consul in 1860, purchased it for $320, but did not it is said turn it over to his successor. Mrs. Salmon, it is reported, began suit for the collection of rent in 1868, and Consul Perkins was forced to purchase the house for about $300, but as the government did not reimburse him, the title to the building remained in him. The building was later destroyed by a cyclone. In 1906 Congress appropriated $5,171.27 for the erection of the present consulate. SEOUL, KOREA Purchased in 1887 for $4,400, under Congressional appropriation of July 1, 1886, of $5,000. The grounds are spacious, but the living rooms are built so close to the ground as to be damp and unhealthful. The building is of poor character and in bad repair. Seoul is the capital of Korea, and an important city of 200,000 population. A new building of substantial character that would improve our commercial influence, it is reported, could be erected for about $10,000. YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Consul-General Van Buren leased the ground subject to an annual ground rent of $87.35, conditioned that if it ceased to be used by our government it reverted to the Japanese government. Mr. Van Buren subsequently erected a building at his own expense and rented it to his successors, Congress having failed to appropriate money for its purchase. When E. C. Bellous was consul, the Van Buren heirs offered it for public sale and Bellous bought it in personally rather than have the ground revert to the Japan- ese government. No appropriation being made by the United States to reimburse him, he sold the building to his successor, when he left, who it is said rents it to the government for $1,200 per annum. The value of the building when offered for sale was reported as less than $5,000. A new building that would reflect credit on us, increase our importance and help our trade, it is reported, could be erected for $100,000, and such action would immeasurably increase our business and prestige there. Yokohama is the most important port in Japan, with a population of about 350,000. Contents Portraits of Officers and Executive Committee 2 List of Officers and Executive Committee 3 Articles of Association 3 National Advisory Committee 4, 5, 6 Foreword 7 The only Diplomatic Residences owned by the American Government 8 The only Consular Buildings owned by the American Government 9 Banquet of the Association at Hotel Cecil, London 10 Buildings at Washington 12, 14, 16 Reported Salaries of European Ambassadors 13 Address of E. Clarence Jones, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 Buildings at Vienna, Austria 18, 20 Buildings at Brussels, Belgium 20, 22, 24 Buildings at Amoy, China 24, 26 Buildings at Antung, China 26 Buildings at Canton, China 26, 28 Buildings at Harbin, China 28 Buildings at Hongkong, China 28 Buildings at Newchwang, China 30 Buildings at Shanghai, China 30, 32, 34 Address of Frederick Townsend Martin 33, 35 Buildings at Swatow, China 36 Buildings at Tientsin, China 36, 38, 40 Report of the Conditions of American Embassies and Legations in Europe 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51 Buildings at Barranquilla, Colombia 40 Buildings at Boma, Congo 40 Buildings at Copenhagen, Denmark 42, 44 Buildings at Bordeaux, France 44, 46, 48 Buildings at Paris, France 48, 50 Buildings at Rouen, France 52 Buildings at Algeria, Algiers 52 Buildings at Tamatave, Madagascar 52, 54 Speeches in Congress 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 Buildings at Berlin, Germany 54, 56 Buildings at Bremen, Germany 56, 58, 60 Buildings at Breslau, Germany 60 Buildings at Hamburg, Germany 60, 62 Buildings at Magdeburg, Germany 62 Buildings at Mannheim, Germany 62, 64 Buildings at Nuremberg, Germany 64 Buildings at Munich, Bavaria 64, 66 Buildings at Apia, Samoa 66 Buildings at London, England 66, 68, 70 What Prominent Men Say. . .67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83 Buildings at Ottawa, Canada 70 Buildings at Aden, Arabia 70, 72 Buildings at Georgetown, Guiana 72, 74 Buildings at Cape Town, South Africa 74 Buildings at Johannesburg, South Africa 74 Buildings at Singapore, Straits Settlement 76 Buildings at Hobart, Tasmania 76 Buildings at Athens, Greece 76, 78, 80 Buildings at Guatemala City, Guatemala 80 Buildings at Port au Prince, Haiti 82 Buildings at Amsterdam, Holland 82 Buildings at The Hague, Holland 82, 84, 86 Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other ^ Organizations, 85, 87, 89, 91. 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125 Buildings at Puerto Cortes, Honduras , 86, 88 Buildings at Florence, Italy 88 Buildings at Rome, Italy 90, 92 Buildings at Venice, Italy 92 Buildings at Nagasaki, Japan . . . .., 94 Buildings at Yokohama, Japan 94, 96 Buildings at Dalny, Manchuria 98 Buildings at Batavia, Java 98 Buildings at Mexico City, Mexico 100, 102 Buildings at Vera Cruz, Mexico 102 Buildings at Yucatan, Mexico 102 Buildings at Tangier, Morocco 104 Buildings at Bergen, Norway 104 Buildings at Christiana, Norway 104, 106 Buildings at Lisbon, Portugal 108, 110 Buildings at Bucharest, Roumania 110, 112 Buildings at Batoum, Russia 112, 114 Buildings at Moscow, Russia 114, 116 Buildings at Riga, Russia 116 Buildings at St. Petersburg, Russia 116, 118, 120 Buildings at Vladivostok, Russia 120 Buildings at Barcelona, Spain 122, 124 Buildings at Madrid, Spain 124, 126, 128 Newspaper Editors' Personal Expressions 125, 127 Buildings at Malaga, Spain 128 Buildings at Seville, Spain 128, 130 The Voice of the Press, 129, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149 Buildings at Valencia, Spain 130, 132 Buildings at Stockholm, Sweden 132, 134 Buildings at Bern, Switzerland 134, 138 Buildings at Bagdad, Turkey 138 Buildings at Constantinople, Turkey 138, 140, 142, 144 Buildings at Salonika, Turkey 144, 146 Buildings at Smyrna, Turkey 146, 148 Buildings at Tripoli in Barbary, Africa . . . 148 Buildings at Alexandria, Egypt 148, 150 Buildings at Jerusalem, Palestine 150, 152 Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Web- ster's Time, 1851 151, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159 Buildings at Aleppo, Syria 152 Buildings at Montevideo, Uruguay 154. Buildings at Zanzibar 156 Speech of Gen. Stewart L. Woodford 160 Julien Gordon, in the North American Review, January, 1905 161 Memorial of the American Association of China to the President and Congress of the United States 102, 163 Government Ownership of Diplomatic and Consular Buildings and Their Equipment 163-167 The American Consulate, Tahiti, Society Islands. . . . 168, 169 Incidents in American Diplomacy 169-174 To Build Refuges in Far East 175-177 Embassies' Elaborate Plans 178 Embassy Notes — Declining a Great Honor 178 Over a Book Store 179 Shocking Conditions in Shanghai 179, 180 The Susceptible Oriental 180 Trials of a Consul I8O What Confronts an American Consul 181 Our Diplomats Aren't Born, They're Made, says the Hotel Clerk 182-184 Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy 185-187 Pointed Paragraphs I88 11 Belgian Legation British Legation Chinese Legation WASHINGTON, D. C. Bolivian Legation 12 Brazilian Embassy Chilian Legation Columbian Legation AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Reported Salaries of European Ambassadors Y England: At Paris, $45,000; at Berlin, $40,000; at St. Petersburg, $39,000; at Rome, $35,000; at Vienna, $40,000. Government owns resi- dences generally. By Germany: At Paris, $30,000; at London, $37,500; at St. Petersburg, $37,500; at Rome, $25,000; at Vienna, $30,000. Government owns residences in all cases. By France: At Berlin, $28,000; at London, $40,000; at Rome, $24,000; at St. Petersburg, $40,000; at Vienna, $35,000. Owns residences at many places. By Austria: At Berlin, $31,000; at Paris, $35,000; at London, $45,000; at Rome, $33,000; at St. Petersburg, $35,000. Owns residences at many places. By Italy: At Vienna, $22,000; London, $22,000; Berlin, $22,000; St. Peters- burg, $22,000; Paris, $23,000. Where the residence is not owned the ambassador receives an allowance to cover rent. By Russia: At Berlin, $40,000; at London, $40,000; at Paris, $40,000; at Vienna, $40,000; at Rome, $32,000. Government owns residences and pays for maintenance. In Vienna official residences are owned by France, Italy, Germany, England and Russia; in Paris by Austria, Germany, England, Russia, Sweden, Belgium and Greece; in Berlin by Austria, France, England, and Russia; in St. Petersburg by Austria, France and Germany. In London official residences are either owned or held by leaseholds, running up to 999 years, by Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, Japan, China and Turkey. The governments of Austria, France, Germany, England, Italy and Russia have both summer and winter residences at Constantinople. What We Pay The United States owns its official residences only at Constantinople, Pekin, Toyko, Bangkok, Seoul, Tangier, Tahiti, Amoy and Yokohama. In addition to salaries and other allowances, all governments except the United States pay their ambassadors a substantial pension upon retirement. This enables them to live up to their salaries and to spend what they receive during their active career. The pensions of foreign ambassadors and ministers in many cases are about as large as the salaries paid by the government of the United States. The following list shows the salaries allowed by the United States to ambassadors and ministers: Ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary to France, Germany, Great Britain, Mexico, Russia, Turkey, Japan, Brazil, Italy and Austria-Hungary, $17,500 each, without any allowance; envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary to the Argentine Republic, China, Cuba, Belgium and Spain, $12,000 each; Chili, Colombia, the Netherlands and Luxemberg, Panama, Peru and Venezuela, $10,000 each; Nica- ragua, Costa Rica and Salvador, $10,000; Guatemala and Honduras, $10,000; Denmark, Morocco, Paraguay and Uruguay, Portugal, Roumania and Servia, Sweden and Norway, and Switzerland, $7,500 each; Greece and Montenegro and diplomatic agent in Bulgaria, $7,500; Bolivia, Ecuador, Haiti, Korea, Persia and Siam, $7,500 each; minister-resident and consul-general to Liberia, $5,000; agent and consul-general at Cairo, $5,000; charges d'affaires ad interim and diplomatic officers abroad $3,500. 13 Costa Rican Legation WASHINGTON, D. C. J? ur I Danish (right) and Swedish (left) Legation Ecuadorian T„„, f Jreneh Embassy German Embassy Ecuadorian Legation Haitian Legation I^^li^^ ^^^^^^^ 14 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of E. Clarence Jones President of the American Embassy Association, before Commercial and Civic Organizations and the Congressional Committee on Foreign Aflfairs. E beg to thank you for the privilege you have extended to the American Embassy Association in giving us the opportunity of explaining to you the aims and expectations of our association. Our mission here is to enlist your aid in impressing upon Congress the necessity and importance of improving the condition of our diplom- atic service by establishing homes for ambassadors. Not long ago, a number of us met .and discussed this subject in which we were all deeply interested and decided to create an organization "to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capitals," thereby enabling any man of sufficient mental capacity, no matter how small his means, to accept such an appointment, which many are now unable to do on account of the small allowance made by our government. The result of that meeting was the formation of the American Embassy Associa- tion, which honored me by electing me its president. Our association is now engaged in the organization of committees in all the large commercial centers of the United States. It is our expectation that we shall enroll in these organizations the leading citizens of each state and that when the organizations are perfected they will have sufficient influence to ensure the enactment by Congress of some proper measure pro- viding a moderate annual appropriation by the government for the purpose of acquiring permanent homes for our ambassadors in foreign capitals. We are making a campaign of education. We have had representatives travel- ing in Europe collecting data and photographs and making comparisons between the allowances made to our representatives and those of other nations in order to enable us to explain the present situation. Our association will have no social complexion; it is purely a business men's organization and, from the encouragement we are daily receiving, we are confident of success. From present indications, we hope to have a membership of one hundred thousand sympathizers within a year, and these properly organized will give the movement a momentum and importance that Congress should notice. Our association believes that for not over three millions of dollars our government can acquire suitable permanent houses, preferably of characteristic American architec- ture, for our ambassadors in the various foreign capitals and that such investments will enhance in value. THE PRICE OF WAR We appropriate about two hundred million dollars annually for preparations for war and almost an equal amount to pay for past wars. We surely should expend a small sum for the purpose of cultivating and maintaining friendly relations with foreign countries. The Hon. Joseph H. Choate tells a story of his being approached one dark, wet, winter night on one of the lonely thoroughfares of London by a policeman. 15 Japanese Embassy Russian Embassy Peruvian Legation WASHINGTON, DC. Mexican Embassy Spanish Legation 16 Portuguese Legation Netlierlands Legatioi Turkish Embassy AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. "I say, old chap," called the officer, "what are you doing walking about in this beastly weather? Better go home." "I have no home," replied Mr. Choate. "I am the American ambassador." We believe that our government should own a residence in every country to which it sends an ambassador, and that our citizens would point with pride to a place to which they may go feeling that they have citizens' rights therein, an embassy building that will favorably compare with those of other nations. So long as our representatives abroad are compelled to expend annually large sums from their private fortunes, just so long w^ll our citizens feel that their rights in such places are uncertain, and that such expenditure on the part of the ambassador tends to give him too much independence towards his compatriots and thereby renders him less useful to American citizens. We believe that no representative of our government abroad should be called upon to make expenditures from his private fortune, or that it should be necessary for him to have one in order to be enabled to accept the appointment and to maintain the dignity of our government in foreign countries. We believe that all ambassadors, no matter what their means, should reside in the same permanent home, which the government should supply, where our citizens may feel at liberty to come and go with the same freedom as that existing at the White House at Washington. While by its Articles of Association our purpose is limited to embassies, there is no good reason why the work of the association should not be extended to legations and consulates. Before any of our representatives began our tour of the principal cities of the country we were told that we would find opposition in certain sections. We have now visited most of the principal cities of the United States ; our appear- ance has always been under the auspices of the leading local commercial organizations. We have had large audiences, and we have not found the opposition yet. The press and the people wherever we have gone have been enthusiastic and as the result of our various meetings there have been sent to Congress resolutions of endorsement from business organizations having probably fifty thousand members. THE SEAL OF DEMOCRACY Ours is a democratic idea. Speaking from the same platform, Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, having about one and a half million members, has advocated our ideas much more earnestly than I could myself and has offered, whenever the oppor- tunity presented, to do whatever he could for us. William Jennings Bryan at one of our meetings recently made a stirring address in which he recited that on his return from his trip around the world as soon as he landed in New York he went to Washington and appeared before certain committees of Congress in advocacy of this idea, he having seen in his world's tour the desirability of it. From what better democratic sources than these can we show that it is not alone the wealthy and traveled who agree with us? The system as it exists today is plutocratic, not democratic, and is inconsistent with our democratic form of government. 17 British Embassy, Virana, Austria German Embassy, Vlcima, Austria Japanese Embassy, Vienna, Austria 18 French Embasyy, Vicuna, Austria Italian Embassy, Vienna, Austria AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. We have been so busily engaged with the stupendous problems at home that we have lost sight of these questions which affect to a large extent the result of our labors. Our attention has been almost entirely directed to internal affairs and we have neglected doing that which would better secure for us the good will of foreign countries as an adjunct to the extension of our commerce. Since that war which threw us into the maelstrom of international politics and by which we became "a world power" these questions have slowly been forced upon us, and we now see the great markets that are open for the extension of our manufac- tured articles and we should make every effort to secure them before it is too late. WHAT AMBASSADORS ENDURE The following story has been denied, but it is true nevertheless. A few years ago a representative American citizen was objected to by the ruler of the country to which our government was sending him, on the ground that he had not sufficient means. This gentleman received the appointment and in point of tact, ability and conscien- tiousness he stands to-day as one of the brilliant leaders of the American diplomacy. The discussion occasioned by his appointment in Washington and in the foreign capital where he now lives illustrates the disadvantage to which, under the present system, men of small means are subjected. The consummation of our ideas will establish "a standard of appearances." Better embassies mean better foreign business. The following is from the "New York Times" of December 19th, 1909: "Rome, Dec. 9. — A long sigh of content escaped from the Ameri- cans in the Eternal City when the news spread that Ambassador Leishman was actually in the city to stop for the winter. He has taken up his quarters in the Hotel Excelsior, and is still, in spite of all rumors that he has taken the Rudini villa, feverishly house hunting and, as he has seen everything the Eternal City has to offer and has found nothing, it is now almost certain that he will stop where he is until the spring, when something new may turn up. All the other ambassadors are commiserating him with the smug feeling that their governments look after them better than that." The importance of a place in which to keep valuable records, such as exist in every embassy office, is illustrated by an incident that occurred a few years ago. Some little time elapsed between the departure of our minister from Athens, who had resigned, and the arrival of his successor. During this interim there was no office of any kind; the lease of the building had expired, and all the records and dispatches had been thrown into the street, but were recovered by the principal of the American school at Athens, who stored them away in the loft of the school building until the succeeding minister arrived. In the last decade extraordinary changes have been effected in the relations of the United States with foreign governments and the question of housing our ambassadors in a manner consistent with our position as a, "world power" has become urgent. The conditions of life in the principal capitals of Europe have changed so within the past twenty-five years that no opinion on this question based on the condition existing in the earlier periods of our history as a nation are justified by the facts of to-day. 19 f^^ f ^s> ^»ii imp t 1 I iJiJ.*-*^ ■^ ^^v. Papal Embassy, Vienna, Austria Austrian Legation, Brussels, Belgium Russian Emljassy, Vienna, Austria Turkisli Embassy, Vienna, Austria British Legation, Brussels, Belgium 20 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. These changes both in the conditions of Ufe in foreign capitals and in our relation with foreign governments have been so rapid that they have not given time for the gradual development of the idea. The necessity for action has entirely outrun public opinion upon this subject. An English ambassador receives $40,000 per year, together with his house and a liberal allowance for entertaining expenses, while an American ambassador receives only $17,500 a year and no allowances. Even in early days our diplomatic representatives abroad were paid $12,000. Yet Franklin, Jefferson and Adams repeatedly complained of the difficulty of paying their expenses with this allowance. Some idea may be had then of the present inconvenience of our ambassadors when it is remembered that the cost of living has probably quadrupled and their salaries have increased less than one-third. Some men of small means have attempted to keep up establishments by drawing on the money they had saved. General Noyes, minister to France under President Harrison, was one of them and though recognized as a man of modest requirements, he sacrificed $150,000, his entire fortune, to supply the difference between his remunera- tion from the government and the actual, essential expenses of the post. Congressman Longworth, telling of this incident, describes pathetically an old lady of aristocratic mien, who can be seen every day in the suburbs of Cincinnati dutifully tending her little truck garden, the products of which she sells for her support. This lady is the widow of General Noyes. "COMMERCIAL PARSNIPS" As every one knows, many a business deal is transacted over the dinner table. Post-prandial conversation seems to be conducive to easy negotiation. The drummer considers it a victory won when he can get his prospective customer to dine with him, and it's a poor salesman who economizes on the menu. In the same way, as Mark Twain pointed out, our ministers and ambassadors must for commercial reasons, if for no other, be in a position to entertain socially the men with whom they do business. "A foreign representative, to be valuable to his country, must be on good terms with the officials at the capital and with the rest of the influential folk. He must mingle with this society; he cannot sit at home; it is not business, it butters no commercial parsnips. The ham and the lemonade sort of diet, which many of our representatives have been forced to hand out at their official entertainments, has caused incalculable loss to the commercial influence of this nation." A proper ambassadorial residence should make provisions in the same building for the ambassador's business office, with vaults for the preservation of valuable records. Up to a short time ago our headquarters at Constantinople were located badly, and the Turkish government is said to have refused to assume the responsibility of protecting the legation unless it was moved to a safer part of the city. We then pur- chased our present and only embassy in Europe, for $150,000. I want to demonstrate to you the influence exercised by an embassy on the business development of the country it represents. To do this I will first draw your attention to a remark made recently by James J. Hill, acknowledged to be one of the greatest, most practical, shrewdest and most far-sighted men of this age. Mr. Hill said: "The development of the American Northwest has affected more widely, and will influence more profoundly, the past and the future than many events which the historian sets us as landmarks in the evolution of the race. It has opened opportunity 21 Chinese Lef;atioi), l!nis>els, ljelf;ii French Ij'f^atinn, ISnissols, Belgium Cernian Legation, liiussels, Belgium Italian Lenalion, lirn^-els. Belgium Japanese Legation, Brussels, Belgium 2i> AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. for increase of material wealth, and for the unfolding of human progress. It is there that the problems which have silenced the older nations, the evolutions as yet unac- complished, must be worked out. Nowhere else is there more energy or more courage to join with great issues that promise success." BETTER EMBASSIES MEAN BETTER BUSINESS Why.f* In the development of our rich natural resources capital is required. Without that, nothing, as you know, can be done. Of what avail is the wealth of Golconda beneath your feet if you cannot get at it, if you were lacking the tools with which to develop it.f* Therefore, we need capital. Now, where are we to look for this.'' Whence are we to obtain it.f* We, ourselves, cannot supply it all; we may be able to fur- nish some, but we have to bear in mind that the major portion of our wealth is employed in the conduct of our ordinary, every-day business. The only place, therefore, whence we can obtain the necessary money is Europe. We must enlist the aid of the savings of the thrifty populace of the Old World; we must go to the Frenchman's "woolen stocking," as De Lesseps, of Suez Canal and Panama Canal fame, called the hoarding places of the peasantry of his country. But in order to get at these we must win the confidence of the owners. Do you suppose we can do this by the exhibition of shabby embassies.'' All men, rich and poor, cultivated or uncultivated, are impressed by appearances. Foreigners necessarily judge us by what they see of us in their own country. Practically none of them know any Americans personally or ever visit the United States. Their opinion of our country and its resources is formed largely by the character of our embas- sies, the manner in which our representatives are housed, and what has been the result.'' The condition of our embassies has lowered in their estimation. That was proved just prior to the Spanish American war, when the majority of Europeans believed that Spain was greater and more powerful than the United States. To that fact was due the attempt to combine certain nations and intervene in our dispute, an attempt which, if it had been carried out, might have been embarrassing to us, to say the least. If that is the picture conceived of us in government circles what must be the opin- ion of the rank and file to whom we must go if we wish to dispose of our securities and to raise money for the development of our resources.'' In what light will they regard the stocks and bonds of corporations of a country that they imagine cannot afford to furnish homes for its ambassadors? Don't you think they will look askance at them and decline to buy them unless the price is low, so tempting and so far beneath the actual intrinsic value that the bargain cannot be resisted.'* But is that the way we want to market our securities? I don't think so. I don't think that quite comes up to your idea of what is due to our country. We pride ourselves on being the richest people on earth and declare loudly that nothing is too good for us. And yet we are content to cheapen ourselves among the nations of the earth by the shabby showing we make among them in respect to our embassies. We feel ashamed at appearing poverty-stricken in the eyes of the inhabit- ants of other countries and of placing ourselves commercially below third or even fourth rate powers. Even some of the South American republics, through their stately embassies, present a better front than does the United States. .*• -^f*^' S««fciSW«'~^*-»*'«--'*- — .-. 11— vlil.' ~ «#^~ ««aeS; Russian Legation, Brussels, Bi-kiimi c -it " R r I r- ,. . ^, Spanish Legation, Brussels, Bolgium p f I ^ , ,, . , British Consulate, Amoy, Ch na "^ British Consular Residence, Anioy, China i( f- i, -ir- r- i. t, ■ , io^\,v^nina British Vice-Consul s Residence, Amoy China AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. Is this as it should be? The nation tHat lives within itself cannot hope to influence international opinion any more than the individual who leads the life of a recluse can aspire to shape public opinion. These problems often affect many nations, and it is wise and necessary that we exchange representatives who will learn the views of other countries. Trade, travel and international comity all demand diplomatic and consular intercourse. In order that our representatives may interpret with wisdom foreigners' views on matters which concern us, it is necessary that he live among them and acquaint him- self with their national characteristics. He must meet their representative men. Ac- cordingly the position of ambassador is a peculiarly difficult one, and only men of great charm of personality and that rare ability to appreciate the sentiments of other men, and at the same time be unchanged as to their own native convictions, can fill the position with greatest credit. The theory on which a nation maintains ambassadors is not for any daily routine duty to be performed by them, but because of the knowledge that a question will arise sooner or later which will necessitate conference. When the occasion arises it is of the greatest importance that the representative be acquainted with the men with whom he is to deal regarding the matter. It is because of the fact that it is quite impossible to point out specific duties which our representatives abroad must perform that we often begrudge expenditure in our foreign service. RESTRICTING THE LAVISH MILLIONAIRE The mode of living of the ambassador should at no time be obtruded upon the attention of a foreign public. An ostentatious display by a wealthy representative or noticeable retrenchment by his successor reflects discreditably upon the position itself. Under the present system where our representatives must pay the rent and mainten- ance of their residences it is quite impossible for a poor man to attempt to maintain an establishment equal to that of his rich predecessor. The purchase by the government of residences would help the man of moderate means and would tend to restrict the extravagance of the millionaire. The building should not be too splendid, but of such a character as to enable a representative of moderate means to occupy it. The condition now prevailing leads the people of other countries to believe that the United States lays the greatest stress upon wealth in their choice of an ambassador. The necessity of an ambassador taking part in the social life of the country to which he is accredited is evidenced by the fact that so astute a diplomat as Benjamin Franklin was constantly in social life. Another of the great drawbacks to our present system from a business standpoint lies in the fact that the opinion exists that none but the rich feel they can represent the United States creditably abroad. This has long been regarded as a crying shame, depriving, as it does, our diplomatic service of the benefit of men rich in intellect only. A salient instance of this recently came under public notice, when a man eminently fit for the position was obliged to decline an important ambassadorship owing to lack of wealth and much to the regret of his countrymen. 25 German Consulate, Aiiioj-, China (.erman Consular Residenee, Amoy. China Japanese Consulate and Residenee, Amoy, China Japanese Consulate. Antung, China British Consulate, Canton, China 26 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. Apropos of the recent appointment of an ambassador, the following appeared in one of the newspapers of the city in which he lived: "Honorable has been nominated by the president for ambassador to . This is a very suitable appointment, for he already possesses the first requisite, viz., a large fortune, and will be able . to furnish an attractive home." It is this general idea of the necessity of having to have this fortune that we wish to combat. In rectifying this condition of affairs, the business and financial world can exercise the greatest influence. What reforms are necessary we want to bring about in a proper and dignified manner. We do not want to be shamed into them as was the British government years ago by one of its bright young diplomats, Henry Labouchere, later on an M. P. While at the legation in Paris, he was ordered to report to St. Peters- burg. He left Paris presumably for the Russian city. He was, however, not heard of for a long time and some alarm was felt for his safety. Finally an English tourist being driven along the road near St. Petersburg observed a dusty figure he knew well trudging along the road whistling merrily. "What on earth are you doing, Labby?" he asked. "Going to St. Petersburg," was the reply. "Walking?" "Yes." "Why?" "Because our government is so stingy that if we diplomats obey its order to go from place to place we have to walk." Since those days the British government pays its diplomats as handsomely as it houses them. A SENATOR'S BARGAIN During President McKinley's term he talked with various members of Congress, and told them that he intended incorporating in his message the recommendation that the government acquire embassy buildings. Everything went smoothly until, it is said, he talked with a certain senator, who said he felt that ambassadors were being paid sufficiently at the present time, and that if the rest of the country could not furnish them at the salary paid, his state would furnish all that were necessary at $5,000 a year. This view fails to take into consideration the fact that an American ambassador is not a plain American citizen, and accordingly he cannot select his abode as such. In his capacity as ambassador he represents all American citizens and must therefore bear the responsibility of conducting himself and living, not as a private citizen, but as a public official. As business men I feel sure that most of you will agree with the proposition that if the United States were represented abroad in a manner befitting our importance as a nation it would prove to be a sound and profitable investment. American manufacturers are beginning to realize the vast opportunites for the extension of American trade in foreign markets, and are making every effort to develop this inviting field. This endeavor should surely have the active encouragement of our government. In this connection Hon. John Barrett, director of the International Bureau of American Republics, states that in his opinion the trade of the United States with Latin-America would be greatly helped by providing first-class consular buildings. Latin-Americans are particularly sensitive to appearances, and it is difficult for them to understand why the United States government does not provide its representatives with permanent offices. The United States has to-day a very able corps of men in the 27 ^, , ni- German Consulate, Canton, China Freneh Consulate, Ciinton, China , ., ■ Japanese Consulate, Ilarbm, (Juiia , ,, i , r'l,;^., ,, ,. ,M- French Consulate. Hongkong, China Russian ( <.nsulate, Harljm, China 28 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. consular service throughout Latin-America, and they are doing a splendid work for the developnient of trade, but they could accomplish far more if they had proper environ- ment. In 1908 Latin-America bought and sold over two billion dollars worth of goods. Of what was sold about three hundred millions came from the United States, but of what was bought only two hundred millions. This means that there was a large balance against the United States with which Latin-America bought a vast quantity of articles in the more enterprising markets of Europe. There is no foreign field that offers greater opportunites for the expansion of the legitimate influence and commerce of the United States than our twenty sister republics south, and our government should leave no stone unturned to strengthen its standing in these countries. Otherwise, our great business interests will suffer. An instructive illustration of the prevailing inadequacy in this respect is the reported story that the State Department was compelled recently to call upon the Standard Oil Company's representative in the Orient for information concerning local Chinese politics affecting the building of the railroad from Fuchau to Hangchau. It is reported that the Standard Oil Company was able to present an array of facts of which the government was in entire ignorance. THE SIAMESE "SHACK" It is a sad commentary on the appearance of our legation in Bangkok, Siam, an important commercial city with a population of about 700,000, and the capital of a kingdom having a population of about 5,000,000, that in 1884 the King of Siam tendered our government the legation premises at Bangkok, which were adjacent to those owned by the British government, had a river front and were very desirable. In 1890, Congress appropriated $3,000 for repairs. In 1900, at the solicitation of our minister, Hamilton King, and the former Sec- retary of State, Hon. John Hay, our government further appropriated $2,000 for repairs. The correspondence shows that the building was crumbling, according to cer- tificates from civil engineers and builders, all speaking of the disgraceful condition of the old wood and bamboo house standing on the premises. The printed correspondence contained in Document 249 H. R. and Document 251 Senate, 56th Congress, First Session, indicated the wish of the king that we should erect a permanent building, the cost of which would have been insignificant, and under which circumstances he intended to materially increase his gift of land to us up to an estimated value of $57,000. Although the correspondence shows that the minister referred to the danger of living in the building designated as a stable and felt it was unwise for him to allow his wife and family to know that it had been condemned, I have been unable to discover that the matter received much more than casual attention, and the minister com- plained that he had not had a reply to his urgent letter six months after sending it. It is safe to say that at no time within a period of thirty years has the income of an ambassador been sufficient to pay his expenses. This situation is one which has been the subject of serious consideration by thoughtful Americans; particularly by those who, by reason of travel or residence in foreign countries, have acquired a nearer view and better comprehension of the position of our ambassadors and ministers. 29 9-*^>^. British CoiisuUite, Nuwcliwaiig, China GroumU British Consulate, Xewchwanif, China Japanese Consulate, Xewchwang, China Russian Consulate and Residence, Newchwang, China British Consulate, Shanghai, China SO AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Jones — Continued. STATESMEN WHO SHOP Under the present system the first duty of an American ambassador is to go house-hunting. Unless he is a man of very large means he must not only go house- hunting, but he must go house-shopping in order to get a suitable house at a price which he can afford to pay. It is the duty of the American government to remedy this situation by acquiring property suitable by reason of its location and construction for a residence for the ambassador as well as an office for the embassy. Refusal to provide residences for our representatives precludes the nation from obtaining the services of many eminent citizens. Throughout the country men who would grace the office of ambassador or minis- ter, and in whom such posts would reflect great credit on the entire nation, are debarred because their fortunes are inadequate to meet expenses that should be borne by the government. At present none but the very rich can pay the rentals of homes suitable to the dignity of an American ambassador. It is our idea that the success of this movement means much in the solution of the problem of international peace. The so-called peace conferences at The Hague have been practically abortive and national armaments and navies the world over are being enlarged rapidly. If the United States selects its future ambassadors solely with respect to their ability and entirely without respect to their means it will have the most able corps of diplomats of any nation in the world. This high standard set by the United States will compel all the other nations to send their very best brains to cope with them, and, in -my opinion, the constant interchange between the greatest diplomatic minds of the world will come nearer than anything else to keeping all nations at entire peace with each other. Differences are surely less likely to become acute in the hands of the greatest men than if left to weaker ones. The American democratic spirit and American national pride demand that such a condition of affairs be terminated. The American Embassy Association appeals to this democratic spirit and national pride to secure action by Congress to favor the acquisition by the United States of national embassies in foreign countries. 31 Britisl, Consular Stntf Uesidrnc,:.. Sh.u.l.ai, China Britlsl, P ,.t Offi ^, , ■ , m ■ (uTinan C. I UuA ^'^H%u i^ :;•'■ « .J»T W-" 4«m^ - iV' German Post Office, Shanghai, China Japanese Consulate. Shanghai, China Russian Consulate, Shanghai, China Shanghai Harbor and German Consulate (B), Shanghai, China Water Front, Shanghai, China 34 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Address of Mr. Martin — Continued. OUR TRANSCONTINENTAL CAMPAIGN The American Embassy Association, of which I have the honor to be vice-presi- dent, directed Mr. Clarence Jones, its president, and myself, to visit the principal cities of the United States in order to ascertain the extent of the sentiment for or against the proposition of America purchasing embassies wherever required. We have but recently returned from this extensive tour of the middle west, the far west, the imme- diate and far south, where we addressed ourselves to the various chambers of commerce, mercantile clubs and many of the foremost commercial associations of the wide territory that we have covered. Those meetings were attended by the foremost judges, statesmen, literary men and all leading commercial men of the various cities and states we visited. Every association and every meeting that we addressed on this subject passed resolutions endorsing the proposition that we are asking this committee to endorse; and I am glad to be able to say to you gentlemen that the resolutions favoring the proposals of the American Embassy Association calling upon congressmen and senators to take the necessary steps were all passed by a rising and invariably unanimous vote. Gentlemen of the committee, you may feel thoroughly assured that in favorably passing upon the bill before you you will act not only wisely, but in thorough accord with the wishes as well as the interests of your constituency. I said — you may be assured, but I know that you are assured, for I am certain that the resolutions passed in our presence have reached you, and they are more eloquent in proclaiming the wishes, desires and interests of your constituency than anything that I or my colleagues may say to you. In conclusion, I thank you with all my heart for the kind attention you have accorded my humble remarks. I take my seat, feeling that you will give this matter due consideration and the precedence it is entitled to over matters of less importance. 35 Hl-ilish '< nliMlhltf. S\v:ilo\\, ( ' Austi'ian ronsiihilc. Tientsin, ( liini •l:i|i:iM('si' ( '(insnbilc, Swiitcw. ( 1iiii;i (Icrnuin < nnsni;! t<', Swaluw, ('lii J!clgi:ui < onsiihilr, Tirulsin, (lii ;i6 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report on the Conditions of American Embassies and Legations in Europe By James B. Townsend Special Representative of the American Embassy Association. NCLUDiNG the small principalities whose seats of government — Monaco and San Marino — are the chief and only cities, there are twenty capitals on the continent of Europe. In these capitals the buildings or residences occupied by the diplomatic representatives of other nations and lands, save those of the United States of America, are with few exceptions so conspicuous for size, architectural attractiveness — accessibility and fine location — as to be very often show places, and always prominent features of the cities in which they are located. For nearly a century Great Britain has pursued the policy of housing her diplo- matic representatives, not only in the capitals of Europe but in all others of the civilized world, in the largest, handsomest and best buildings obtainable, generally with sur- rounding gardens, preferably by purchase, or where not obtainable by purchase, without regard to cost of rental. This policy has been imitated of late years notably by France, Austria, Germany, Russia and Italy, and is now being imitated also by Spain, Belgium, China, Japan, and even Norway, Holland and Mexico. Some of the smaller and newer countries of the world — among them the republics of Central and South America, notably Brazil, the Argentine, Chile, Guatemala and Cuba — are also negotiating for the purchase of lands with buildings, or upon which to erect buildings, in most of the larger world capitals. That the policy of Great Britain should have been followed by the larger Euro- pean powers and is now being imitated by the smaller nations, would seem to prove that the world's governments and peoples have almost universally concluded that the policy is a good one and that the lesson which it has taught is one for all men to learn. This lesson, it would appear from careful study of the subject, and from many conferences with government officials and diplomats, representing the chief world powers, is that a nation — even a great nation — is not only the more respected and feared in foreign lands from the appearance it presents, through its representatives and their surroundings in those lands, but that the resulting prestige makes not only for material gain along commercial lines, but goes far towards the conservation of peace. With these conditions prevailing at this present stage of the world's progress, it is, to say the least, paradoxical that the United States, which of late j'ears, and particularly since the Spanish War, has taken its place among the greatest of world powers, should be the only nation which has almost entirely neglected the matter of even the proper housing of its diplomatic representatives in foreign countries. WHY TURKEY IS EXCEPTIONAL With the exception of Constantinople the United States does not own a single embassy or legation building nor a square inch of ground over which the Stars and Stripes can float as American soil, anywhere in Europe. While Great Britain owns the buildings and surrounding grounds occupied by her ambassadors and ministers in every capital of Europe, save Bern, Switzerland, where negotiations are now under way for the purchase of a legation building. There are few capitals where France does 37 b- British Consulate, Tientsin, China French Consulate, Tientsin, China Itahan Consulate (new), Tientsin, China German Consulate, Tientsin, China Japanese Consulate, Tientsin, China 38 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr. Townsend — Continued. not own the buildings and grounds occupied by her ambassadors and ministers, while Austria, Germany, Russia and Italy own buildings in most capitals, and are negotiating for their purchase in many where they do not own. Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, China, Japan and Mexico own or are acquiring their embassy or legation buildings in Washington, and the flags of those nations float in the capital of the United States over their own soil. The American Embassy Association, realizing these facts, has been organized to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capitals. It was my privilege, as the accredited representative of the American Embassy Association, to visit last summer the capitals of Europe, with the exception of Belgrade, Servia, and Cettinje, Montenegro, to investigate the housing of the diplomatic repre- sentatives of the United States in those capitals, in comparison with that of the repre- sentatives of other nations, and to secure such data, photographs of diplomatic buildings and offices, etc., as would enable me to make a full and fair report and comparison of the conditions of the United States diplomatic houses, with those of other nations. This tour of investigation began in London and was concluded in Paris. It involved some two months and a half of time, a journey by land and water of over eleven thousand miles, close observation and much conference and detailed investiga- tion. The traveling American, who is not often a tourist in the true sense of the word for it has been well said that "Americans do not travel — but go to places," and who can talk glibly of London, Paris, Berlin, Rome or Vienna, is not often met with in the more remote or the smaller capitals of Europe, and is consequently not only ignorant himself of those capitals, and the countries whose seats of government they are, but unable to impart correct information to his fellow countrymen who may not have traveled at all. It is a natural and national conceit that because we recognize and realize our own marvelous resources, growth and power that all others must do the same. The reverse is the truth, and there are countries in Europe with which we could transact a large trade, whose people as a rule know next to nothing of the United States, save by name, and whose knowledge of even such great nations as Great Britain, France or Germany, while more full and accurate, has been chiefly gained through the dis- semination of information by the diplomatic representatives of those nations, and especially through the impression of their power and standing, derived from the char- acter and importance of their diplomatic buildings in the capitals of those countries. DIPLOMACY IN LONDON This condition of course does not exist in London, the largest capital of the world and of Europe, and where I began my tour. In that great city the United States has been represented by an almost unbroken line of able men. . So distinguished have been these ministers and ambassadors, and so pronounced their influence, that although many of them were comparatively poor men and were perforce obliged, out of their comparatively modest salaries, and without a home furnished by the government, to inhabit very modest quarters, the United States was not so much at a disadvantage in this respect as in other capitals. With the taking rank, however, as a world power, and with the increase in the number of distinctive and beautiful buildings owned as embassies or legations by other nations in London the United States has not only suffered in prestige in this respect among the English people of late years, but has been at a positive disadvantage. 39 "*-'' ''d'l4f& '^i ^'l/:1' Russian Ccmsulate, 'J'icnlsin, China Austrian and Norwegian Cuusulates, Barranquilla, Colombia German Consulate, Barran(|uilla, Colombia British Consulate, Boma, Congo Italian Consulate, Boma, Congo 40 •AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr. Townsend — Continued. Through the wealth and hberal expenditure of the present ambassador to Great Britain, Mr. Whitelaw Reid, the ambassadorial residence has been during his term of oflBee, and continues to be, the famous Dorchester House on Park Lane, whose annual rental is $45,000, while the ambassador's salary is $17,500. The offices of the embassy remain where they have been for many years, on a dingy first floor in Victoria Street, for which a yearly rental of $3,000 is paid. All the other nations represented in London have their offices or chancelleries in their embassy buildings — almost a necessity for the prompt expedition of business, and the convenience of ambassadors and ministers. I found that Germany, France, Russia, Italy, Austria and Spain own in London beautiful and finely located embassy buildings — frequently with surrounding gardens — all well equipped and with a liberal allowance for entertaining, and a full force of secretaries, attaches, and clerks; while Japan, China and Turkey lease handsome buildings and their ambassadors and ministers have salaries largely in excess of that paid to the American ambassador. The salary of the Austrian ambassador, for example, is .$40,000 a year, and that of the French and Russian the same. The German ambassador receives an annual salary of $35,000, the Italian $20,000, the Spanish $17,500 and the Turkish $20,000. Austria paid nearly $150,000 for its embassy building on Belgrave Square many years ago, France about $110,000, Germany $85,000, Russia $140,000 and Spain $70,000. While almost all of these buildings are on what is called a ground lease, this has in every instance many years to run, and the leasehold and buildings have increased enormously in value. Even if the American ambassador who may succeed Mr. Reid should be financially able or willing to take over the lease of Dorchester House, this may not be possible for a long term, and thus the United States is today in the capital of Great Britain without a permanent home and doubtless facing an unfortunate "retrenchment" and consequent lowering of prestige in the opinion of many people. THE LOW COUNTRIES The conditions in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, are in a minor way the same as those in London. Great Britain, Italy, Germany, France and China own their buildings, all handsome houses and well located, and which have increased greatly in value since their purchase. The English legation building cost originally $80,000, that of Italy the same, while Germany paid $90,000 for its building and France and China each $200,000. The remaining countries, including the United States, rent their build- ings at an average of $2,000 a year. But the ministers of all the countries receive salaries largely in excess of that paid *he American minister, namely $10,000, and have also a large contingent fund for expenses and entertaining. In The Hague, that little charming "spotless town" of the world, and which, notwithstanding the comparatively small size of Holland, is one of the most important diplomatic points as the seat of The Hague Peace Congress, Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy own their legation buildings, while all others lease. Here again, as in London and Brussels, the legation buildings of these nations have greatly increased in value since their purchase. France paid $20,100 for its building in 1899 and has spent double that amount in repairs, rebuilding, furnishing, etc. Germany, which paid $30,150 for its building in 1887, has spent $8,000 in repairs and refurnishing, while Italy, which gave $40,200 for its house in 1907, has spent $15,000 and more in repairs. The United States pays $2,800 for a building. The offices are under the same roof. When this house was leased by the present minister, Mr. Arthur Beaupre, the house formerly occupied by the preceding minister, Dr. David Jayne Hill, now ambas- sador to Germany at Berlin, remained unoccupied, as Dr. Hill, who was obliged to 41 Si 1^ r*' ilTl i^ iti ill 111 li II ifif m m Austrian Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark Belgian Legation. Copenhagen, Denmark British Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark French Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark German Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark 42 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr, Townsend — Continued. lease it on a three-year term, could not sublet it for the third and last year and was consequently obliged to pay for it out of his own purse. This is a good object lesson in favor of the government ownership of diplomatic buildings, for had the United States owned its legation buildings in The Hague and not obliged its ministers there to lease their homes personally, Minister Beaupre would have been obliged to follow Dr. Hill in the same house, and there would have been no personal loss to Dr. Hill. THE EMBASSIES OF NORTH EUROPE Berlin, the capital of Germany, is greatly favored in the possession of beautiful diplomatic buildings. Great Britain owns an embassy building, acquired in 1871 at a cost of some $750,000, and France purchased its embassy building as far back as 1861 for some $125,000. Improvements, costing $80,000, have been added and the present ambassador has spent some $75,000 in redecorating the entire interior and in furnishing and appointments. Austria in 1874 paid $225,000 for its magnificent building. Italy has recently completed a new building at a total cost, including furnishing, of $240,000, while Russia as long ago as 1834 spent $75,000 for its handsome building, which with increased values in real estate has more than doubled in value. As a contrast to this the American ambassador occupies a modest residence while the offices of the embassy are in an up-stairs apartment at an annual rental of $1,790. It is the custom in Denmark's capital — Copenhagen — for diplomatic repre- sentatives to be housed in apartments, which are much in favor in that northern city, but Great Britain, pursuing here as elsewhere its established policy, owns its legation building, for which it paid $100,000 many years ago. The United States minister occupies an apartment at an annual rental of $2,000. France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Russia and Austria rent apartments for their ministers in good locations. It is a long journey from Copenhagen to the northernmost capital of the world and one of the newest — Christiania, Norway. In this beautiful city, picturesquely situated at the head of Christiania Fiord, the large and distinctive legation buildings owned by Great Britain, France and Sweden are the delight of visitors. That of Great Britain has a large and beautiful surrounding park. Germany, Russia and Denmark rent substantial houses, while the United States has buildings standing near together near the centre of the city, for its legislation residence and offices. There is no allowance for entertaining, and the post is an expensive one, owing to the frequent visitors of English royalties, the court of England being allied by ties of blood to that of Norway. Sweden, with its capital, Stockholm, one of the most beautiful in Europe, is of course favored with handsome diplomatic buildings, but in this city even Great Britain can only rent, as it is very seldom that houses can be purchased. Great Britain paid $2,546 for a large and beautiful apartment, the lease of which today would probably cost some $4,288. Apartments are also leased by France, Austria, Russia, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Japan and Norway. The United States legation is about to lease an apartment at an annual rental of $3,484. The offices will be combined with the legation. THE AMBASSADOR'S APARTMENT It is two days' journey by water from Stockholm to St. Petersburg. One stops on the way at the attractive and picturesque city of Helsingfors, the capital of Finland, but now only of local importance as Finland has passed under Russian rule. In the great capital of St. Petersburg, a city comparatively unknown to Americans, I found the American embassy housed in a badly situated apartment with which is com- 43 ^} rj I Italian Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark Russian Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark Spanish Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark Brazilian Consulate, Bordeaux, France Bolivian Consulate, Bordeaux, France 44 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr. Townsend — Continued. bined the chancellery and for which an annual rental of $2,750 is paid. Austria, Ger- many and Great Britain have handsome embassies, Italy rents one at $6,000, Spain one at $7,800 and Turkey one at $10,000. It would seem to be most im^Dortant that the United States should own its own embassy in the capital of Russia, which, for reasons not necessary to detail here, has been well called one of our "diplomatic danger points." A HOTEL ROOM IN VIENNA Of all the capitals of Europe I found the conditions as they affect the United States the worst in Vienna. After forty-eight hours of tedious railway journey I arrived in the Austrian capital from St. Petersburg to discover that there is no American embassy in Vienna. The chancellery or offices are situated in an apartment, but since the giving up in April, 1908, of the handsome representative building occupied by his predecessors for twelve years, and which was at once taken by Japan, the retiring American ambassador, Mr. Charles S. Francis, has seemingly preferred during his brief sojourns in Vienna, to occupy a small room in a hotel. The rent of the chancellery is $3,000 a year. The handsomest embassy in Vienna, and one of the most impressive, artistic and beautiful in Europe, is that of France, which was only recently completed at a total cost of about $1,000,000. The furnishings alone cost $300,000, and there is an allowance of $20,000 for entertainment. Great Britain owns in Vienna a large and handsome house with a beautiful surrounding garden, in which is a small English church. The embassy of Russia is housed in a large, low, but effective building, beautifully furnished, and in its surrounding garden is a Greek Orthodox church. Germany owns perhaps the handsomest embassy building in the capital, with a superb house and beautiful grounds. Italy owns the old Metternich palace, while Japan rents the splendid house and grounds formerly occupied by the American embassy and given up by Ambassador Francis. The giving up of the embassy in Vienna has greatly lowered our prestige in Austria, and the contrast between our representation and that of other nations is pathetic and pitiable. From Vienna to Bucharest, the capital of Roumania, is a journey by fast train via Buda-Pesth of some twenty-four hours. The train rushes along the banks of the gray aiid muddy — not the beautiful blue — Danube for four hours to Buda-Pesth, and then traverses the wide-spreading grain fields of eastern Hungary and Roumania. In this remote city of Bucharest I found that Great Britain, Germany, Russia and Italy own handsome residences for their ministers, while Austria, Belgium, Holland and the United States rent buildings. The American legation building is in a good but remote location. The house is owned by a wealthy Roumanian, who occupies the upper floor. "ALONE IN EUROPE" From Bucharest I proceeded to Constantinople through Bulgaria, stopping for the night at Sofia, the capital of the newly formed Balkan State of Bulgaria. The American minister to Roumania is also accredited to Sofia, and to Belgrade, the capital of Servia, and visits those cities once a year. Russia, Servia, Austria, Italy and Roumania 6wn legation buildings there. A further journey of some twenty hours from Sofia brought me to Constantinople. This journey, even on the famed Orient express, is a tedious one, as by Turkish law a speed of over twenty-five miles an hour is prohibited. Stops at all stations are obliga- tory and often exceed fifteen to twenty minutes in duration. 45 British fimsulate, Burdeaux, France German Consulate, Bordeaux. Fran Italian Consulate, Bordeaux, France Japanese Consulate, Bordeaux, France Mexican Consulate, Bordeaux, France 46 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr. Townsend — Continued. It was a gratification indeed to see the Stars and Stripes floating over an embassy building — the only one in Europe owned by the United States — as I rode up the hill in the modern city of Pera, where all the diplomatic buildings are situated. The handsome building, with its adjacent offices, is due to the personal efforts of former Ambassador Leishman, who succeeded in obtaining a grant from Congress for the pur- chase of the embassy four years ago of some $125,000, and a further grant of some $25,000 for the building of commodious embassy offices in the grounds of and adjoining the embassy building. In Pera I learned that Great Britain owns its large building, purchased in 1869. Germany owns a palace. Austria holds the former palace of the old Venetian embassy. Italy has a fine but ancient building, which it will have rebuilt soon. Holland and Sweden of the smaller countries own their legation buildings, Holland having acquired its house some 130 years ago. At Stamboul, the old Turkish city, Persia owns its legation building. The summer embassies at Therapia on the Bosphorus are important and there the United States has none — its ambassador and secretaries during the warm season, when life at night in Pera is unbearable, being obliged to occupy rooms in a hotel at Therapia. The other nations, and notably Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Austria, own and Spain rents handsome attractive houses at Therapia, which they use as summer embassies, and the English, French, Russian and Austrian embassies have large and beautiful wooded parks surrounding or adjoining them. Montenegro, small country as it is, owns a handsome legation on the shores of the Bosphorus at Emirghian, near Therapia. This was a gift of the late Sultan, and the story runs that when Abdul Hamid was remonstrated with by the Montenegro minister for the burning of the royal palace at Cettinje the Sultan at once told him not to grieve, and in a few months presented to Montenegro, through the ambassador, this charming summer house. Russia owns, in addition to its summer embassy at Therapia, a small but convenient white house where some' of the embassy secretaries live. This is so placed, it is said, that it is always visible from the rear entrance to the Black Sea through the Bosphorus, so that signals can be displayed from it at daytime to any Russian fleet in the Black Sea, and in case of necessity the application of a torch at night would make it the best of all beacons. Save for the lack of a summer embassy the United States has, like the other great powers, a stationnaire or guardship — the gunboat "Scorpion" with a crew of one hundred men and officers at hand for any emergency — always rnoored at Therapia. Russia, on the pretext of having a harbor, frequently sends an additional guardship in from the Black Sea for the night or a day or so to Therapia. The American embassy, like those of other nations, rents a steam launch or small yacht for three months of the year, at a cost of $1,800 — about half the expense — to ply between Pera and Therapia during the summer to convey the ambassador and secretaries of the embassy to and fro. A day and a night steaming over the sea of Marmora, through the Dardanelles and across the placid blue waters of the Aegean, brings one from Constantinople to the Piraeus, the port of Athens. The busy port, only seven miles distant from the capital, is in marked contrast to the comparatively quiet and sleepy city — which in its modern buildings, wide streets and the heat of mid-day hours recalls Havana and other cities of the western tropics without the palm trees. In Athens the legations as a rule are large, old-fashioned houses, standing back from the streets and surrounded with gardens, in which grow stately trees. Here again I found that Great Britain owns her legation building, an old-fashioned house with 47 Sp:lni^ll ( 'iin,sul;itr. I!cinl('a\ix, 1-V:n ('hiu(.-sr EinbasNy. I'aris, l-'muct- Biilisli Emhassv, Paris, I'^ranrc 48 Au::ilriaii Kmliassy. Paris, Frant'c (.Jcnnaii Kml>ns,sy. Paris. France AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr. Townsend — Continued. spacfoiis rooms and a splendid hall. The house was purchased for some $^5,000 or $30,000 some forty years ago. The interests of Great Britain in Greece are large — the present King George being a brother of Queen Alexandra. The other great nations rent their legations in Athens. Austria pays an annual rental of some $3,000, France the same, and Germany gets her house for some $2,400. Italy, Belgium, Holland, Turkey, Servia and Bulgaria are the other larger and smaller nations who are repre- sented by legations in x^thens. The United States rents a fair-sized house jat about $2,200 a year. . .- ".^ "THE ETERNAL CITY" My next stop after leaving Athens and journeying by water to. Patras, thence to Corfu and Brindisi, and thence across lower Italy by rail to Naples and on, was at Rome — majestic — still majestic Rome. This city has always been considered a most important diplomatic post and I was therefore not surprised to find that the great powers were well housed in large and imposing embassy and legation residences. The palaces of the old Roman aristocracy are in several instances now the homes of the diplomatic representatives from foreign lands. Austria occupies one of the most imposing of these in the lower city, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Turkey and Spain, all own their embassy residences in Rome and handsome ones, while France, Belgium, Bulgaria, China and Japan rent embassy and legation residences. The United States has only a chancellery, on the first floor of an apartment house. Here, as in Vienna, we are at a great disadvantage, without a distinctive and dignified ambassa- dor's abode. A FLAT IN MADRID A long and most tedious, although at times beautiful railway ride of three nights and two and a half days north to Genoa, along the Italian and French Rivieras to Marseilles, and thence along the Spanish Riviera to Barcelona and across middle Spain, brought me to Madrid. Another important diplomatic post! Again the same conditions confronted me as in Rome — large and handsome houses, palaces in many instances, owned by Great Britain, Italy, Austria, Germany, Russia and even Sweden for their embassies and legations, and the United States legation tucked away in an apartment house on the Calle Velasquez, a new street. The finest embassy building in Madrid is that of Germany — a two-story house with a superb surrounding garden on the Paseo de la Castellanne. The embassy of Austria is housed in an old building, beautifully appointed and furnished, in the old part of the city. The garden which, surrounds the British embassy is its best feature. Mexico, the Argentine and Japan all lease beautiful houses, all with gardens and pay, Mexico $10,000 annual rental, Japan $3,000 and the Argentine $4,000, while the rental paid for the small apartment occupied by the American legation is $4,000. Some fifteen hours by fast train separate Madrid from Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. In this remote city of south-western Europe I was surprised and most pleased to find perhaps the most suitable and distinctive of the American legations in Europe, and the handsomest in Lisbon, of any great power. It occupies a floor of the Palasio Foz, has a magnificent ball-room and suites of large rooms, and has also accom- modations for the legation offices. Unfortunately the lease of this appropriate apart- ment has just expired. The legation has been the scene of several very notable enter- tainments. Its rental is some $4,000 a year, of which the retiring minister. Col. Charles Page Bryan, has paid about $2,500. In Lisbon, Great Britain owns a handsome old house with gardens in a remote quarter, Russia a handsome house in good location, and Italy, Austria, Germany and Turkey also own their legation buildings. 49 Italian Embassy, Paris, France Japanese Embassy, Paris, France Russian Embassy, Paris, France Spanish Embassy Paris, France Turkish Embassy, Paris, France 50 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Report of Mr. Townsend — Continued. Most of the powers also own or rent summer legation houses at Cintra. The Sud express, among the fastest of world trains — that is, after it leaves Spain at Hendaye — for no trains run at even what we call express speed on the Spanish railway lines — carried me in thirty-seven hours from Lisbon to Paris, from whence I took a night ride to Bern in Switzerland. ^t)^ RENT— $400 PER ANNUM In this pretty capital I found the legation of the United States housed in a first- floor apartment, which it has occupied for many years at an annual rental of only $400. The ministers to Switzerland from all the powers live, for the most part at Geneva. Geneva is only a three-hour rail ride from Bern, and offers more as a place of residence than the Swiss capital. : In Bern, France owns a handsome house for which it paid some $110,000, with furnishings, and is the only great power represented by an ambassador. Great Britain has no legation at present but is negotiating for the purchase of a house. Germany owns a handsome house, for which it paid, with furnishings, about $58,000. Austria has a small chancellery but no legation building or apartment, and Spain and Italy are similarly situated, while Japan's minister resides in Vienna. TOUR ENDS IN PARIS My tour ended in Paris. In that great capital the United States is situated, as regards its diplomatic representatives and their housing, somewhat as in London. The retiring American ambassador, Mr. Henry White, has occupied for two or three years a house facing on the Cour la Reine, owned by the American family of Ridgway, for which he has paid an annual rental of $18,000, and on which he has expended some $47,310 in furnishings and decorations. The chancellery is situated, as for many years past, in a small apartment at No. 16 Avenue Kleber, a good location, but the apartment itself is inadequate in space, and is not conveniently arranged. " One contrasts these conditions with those which surround the embassy of Great Britain in the French capital — a magnificent house and surrounding park on the Fau- borg St. Honore adjoining the Ely see Palace, wherein resides the French President, and with its chancellery in the building. This superb place, where each June the British ambassador gives a garden party that is the talk of Paris, is said to have cost only some $200,000 fifty years ago, and to be now worth $2,000,000. The remaining embassies of the great powers in Paris are on the left bank of the Seine and are all distinguished and handsome buildings with large entrance courts and surrounding gardens. Germany, Austria, Russia, Spain, Italy and Japan have all purchased residences there in close proximity for their ambassadors and ministers. Turkey occupies a house rent free, in exchange for similar occupancy by France of a house, rent free, at Constantinople. China, Belgium, Holland, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, Roumania, Bulgaria, Cuba and most of the South American countries rent residences which are used as offices for their legations. Thus my tour ended as it begun — with London as the starting point and Paris as the finish — in both of which capitals the United States is only making, itself known through its embassies by means of costly palaces, leased individually by its representa- tives, and with inadequate embassy offices. One need seek no further for an object lesson of what the nation needs in the way of proper housing for its diplomatic repre- sentatives. 51 f^:^ Brazilian Consulate, Ui.iaii Franre ^;„„„- i c i . n ■ n ■ u II, 1 i.iiRe ^ ^^ Spanish Consulate, Algeria, Algiers ^, „ , „, J-intisli Consulate, Tauiatave, Madagascar German Consulate, lamatave, Madagasear Italian Consulate. Tamatave, Madagasc 52 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress MONG the excellent speeches made in Congress, we have selected the following extracts from those of the late Congressman James Breck Perkins of New York, and Congressmen Lowden of Illinois, Longworth of Ohio, and Kustermann of Wisconsin: Extracts from address of the late Congressman James Breck ■ Perkins in Congress, from Congressional Record, February 10, 1910: I do not intend to occupy any of the time of the committee by arguing this question. More and more I think the people of this country and menibers of this body recognize that if the diplomatic and consular service is to be maintained at all it should at least be maintained decently. I am glad to say, so far as it may effect gentle- men on the other side of the aisle, I do not think any more clear, cogent or forceful argument in favor of the installation of a system of purchase of government buildings for the embassies and consuls of the East was ever made before the Committee on Foreign Affairs than was made two or three years ago by that distinguished democrat, William J. Bryan, and I trust that his words may sink deep into the hearts of his fol- lowers. Now, Mr. Chairman, about the only objection advanced to this is the idea originating in the minds of a good many people, perhaps even in the House of Repre- sentatives, that the diplomatic service, at least the embassies and the ministries, to some extent are remnants of a former condition, and that the work of the department and the relations with other nations could to a large extent be carried on, as has some- times been bluntly stated, by cables and telephones, and that the importance of personal relation has grown less. Mr. Chairman, there is no question that for years the work required of an ambassador or minister may not be critical, but the time comes, and it comes just as much now as it came in the days when there were no railroads and no cables and no telephones, when the personal influence of the right man in the right place is worth to the government infinite money, and no system of communication can take its place. Take now, Mr. Chairman, what is going on in the city of Washington— not so much by our representatives, perhaps, as by the representatives sent to us — ^in the negotiations by which it is sought to reach an agreement between this country and the other great countries, under the Payne Bill, so that the maximum tariff may not be declared, and so that an agreement may be made by which the president can certify that in his judgment this country is treated by other nations on terms of equality. The importance of those negotiations, alike to the countries of Europe and to us, no man can overestimate, and any man who knows anything about it must see the absolute necessity of personal interviews by experienced and able men in order to bring about an agreement. Let me suggest one other incident, and only one, because perhaps it is as notable as any in the annals of our country. The cable was working during the civil war. There was a possibility, as every man knows, after the escape of the Alabama and the threatened escape of the other cruisers — and more than a possi- bility; you might say it was imminent— that a war might arise between this country and England, and if that war had come it surely would have been disastrous and it might have been fatal. There is no man familiar with the history of the country who does not know that the personal influence, the personal contact, the personal appeal, in season and out of season, in public buildings and private houses, of Mr. Adams, our representative at that time, turned the point and saved us from the possi- bility of war. Those things may come again, Mr. Chairman, and it is surely at this time economy, if we are to preserve this system at all — and preserve it we must— to 53 Norwegian Consulate, Tamatavc, Madagascai Chinese Embassy, Berlin, Germany British Embassy, Berlin, Germany Austrian Embassy, Berlin, Germany French Embassy, Berlin, Germany 54 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress — Continued. provide what is necessary for its decent maintenance. And let me make another sug- gestion to the members of this committee. I am in sympathy with economy as much as any member of this House, but the manner in which the demand for economy some- times appears makes me a Httle tired. When a man talks about economizing and gets very thrifty about his matches, but keeps on drinking his champagne, it does not seem to me that his economy will be largely efficacious. The cost of all the buildings in the East, in China and Japan, that are absolutely requisite for the development of our trade, together with the cost of proper buildings at the embassies — neither so enormous as to require a rich man nor so small as to be unfit for any man — the cost of them all, scattered through a period, say, of ten years, will not exceed, in my judgment, $5,000,000, one-half the cost of a Dreadnought, of which we vote one, two, three, or four, as may be required, every year; and, Mr. Chairman, the $5,000,000 once spent for housing our representatives would remain for a hundred years, when the Dreadnought would have rotted away at the dock in ten years from the time the last nail was driven into it. Hon. Nicholas Longworth. Remarks from address in Congress, reported in Congressional Record, May 23, 1906, and at other times: All other nations, substantially, in addition to the direct salary, compensate their representatives in various indirect ways, furnishing them in almost all instances with an ofiicial residence, which is kept up at government expense. Where they do not own or lease on long terms ofiicial residences, full allowance is always made for the rent of temporary quarters. In addition to this, an allowance is always made for keeping up the establishment of the diplomatic envoy, a In many cases a special allow- ance is made for official entertaining, and in almost '^ all countries a civil pension is provided for their representative after service for a certain number of years. The ambassador of the United States at Paris gets $17,500 a year as a salary and no allow- ance whatever. Upon this he is supposed to rent a suitable residence; to furnish it and keep it in order; to do a certain amount, not necessarily large, but a certain amount of official entertaining, and, above all, to be prepared at all times to receive properly American citizens residing in or passing through Paris. The British ambassador at Paris receives a salary of $45,000 a year. He is furnished with an oflBcial residence, and I am informed that the rent of the British embassy at Paris, or the rent of a building equivalent to the embassy, would be somewhere between thirty-five and forty thousand dollars a year at least. In addition to this, his establishment is kept up for him. He is provided with a certain number of servants; he is allowed a fund, as I am informed, though I can not be accurate upon this point, of about $6,000 a year for official enter- taining, and at the close of twenty years' service he is pensioned at the rate of some- thing like $10,000 a year for life. In other words, to use round figures, the compensa- tion of the British ambassador at Paris is considerably over $100,000 a year. Now, it is evident that one of these two systems must be wrong. Either the compensation of the British ambassador is grossly excessive or else the compensation of our ambassador is grossly inadequate. If the first be true then many an English ambassador must have grown rich off his salary. Let us see whether this is a fact. Lord Dufferin, who was for many years the British ambassador at Paris, and one of the most prominent statesmen in England, resigned, giving as his reason that he was unable to afford to keep up the position, not having a large private fortune. The same position was offered to two other English statesmen of prominence, who refused on the same ground. Now, if $100,000 a year is not sufficient to maintain the ambassador from Great Britain in a proper way, surely it is idle to contend that $17,500 is sufficient to maintain our ambassador. Does any man contend that he can keep up the position which the American people demand he shall keep up for anything less than many 55 Italian Embassy, Berlin, Germany Turkish Embassy, Berlin, German\ Russian Embassy, Berlin, Germany Japanese Embassy, Berlin, Germany Brazilian Consulate, Bremen, Germany 56 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress — Continued. times that amount? Does not everybody know, who knows the facts, that the rent alone of a residence anywhere nearly suitable would be, at least, that amount? As a matter of fact, for many years our ambassador at Paris has paid somewhere between twenty and twenty-five thousand dollars a year in rent alone. Now, where does the money come from that pays the difference between what Congress allows our ambassador and the amount that it costs him, and must necessarily cost him, to live properly unless it comes out of his own pocket? If he can not afford to pay the difference himself, then he can not accept the position. In other words, no man who can not afford to pay from his own private fortune the difference between the amount that Congress pays him and the amount the people demand that he shall pay out can ever be an ambassador from this country to any great world power. Some men have tried this and have met with disaster. No one but a very rich man, even as riches are counted nowadays, can be an ambassador of the United States in any European capital, and no man who is not at least comparatively wealthy, as we speak of comparative wealth in these days, can be a minister of the United States at any important diplomatic post. In other words, these offices, among the most dignified and important in the gift of the American people, are for rich men and rich men alone. This republic, the greatest, the most democratic republic which has ever existed, has to-day an office-holding aristocracy, an aristocracy more repugnant to our ideals of free institutions than any aristocracy even in Russia, an aristocracy purely and solely of the dollar. The ofiice of ambassador, with the sole exception of the president, is the public official who is the representative of all the American people, can not be filled and never will be filled under our present system by any except a very rich man. I care not how able a man may be, how learned in international law, how experienced in diplomacy, how celebrated in statesmanship, if with all these qualifications he does not possess the one absolutely necessary qualifica- tion of great wealth, he is not eligible for appointment to any great diplomatic post. So well has this fact become recognized that there have been of late many instances of men whose sole claim, frankly stated, was that of great wealth, who were serious applicants for appointment as ambassadors. In speaking of these conditions in some remarks that I made last year upon this general subject I made use of the following language. I said: Should these conditions continue, it is not impossible to imagine that the day may come when training for diplomacy shall consist not in the study of history and international law, but a research into the methods of manufacturing steel, converting that noble animal the pig into food products and tooth brushes, or in refining oil. I think subsequent developments have proved that I left out a very important qualification, and I now desire to amend by adding, after the words "refining oil," the words "or the life-insurance business." Every day we hear on both sides of this chamber that the most serious menace to this country is an aristocracy of wealth. The people are determined that the great public utilities, the great industries of this country, shall not become concentrated in the hands of a few men. Is it not more offensive to our ideals that the high offices should become so concentrated? This being the spirit of the people, shaU we continue to support an office-holding class, a doUar class, the very ideal of the aristocracy of wealth? Shall the Congress continue to tie the hands of the president and circum- scribe his choice in filling great diplomatic positions to men whose only qualification, absolutely necessary qualification, is that "they have the price?" 57 Cuban Consulate, Bremen, Germany French Consulate, Bremen, Germany Mexican Consulate, Bremen, Germany Netherlands Consulate, Bremen, Germany Portuguese Consulate, Bremen, Germany 58 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress — Continued. I do not mean to say that most of our present ambassadors are unfit men, or that they are not otherwise quahfied than by the possession of great wealth for the posts they fill. This country is fortunate in having had at its command men of wealth who are also well qualified otherwise to represent this country abroad. But even in their case, is it fair to force them to spend largely from their private fortunes in keeping up the position that the people demand? It is too late now to allude to our diplomatic service as a luxury and not a necessity, to talk about Jeffersonian simplicity, to say that we got along perfectly well before we ever had ambassadors. The fact is that the House and Senate, by a unanimous vote, created the office of ambassador, and they created it in such a way that we could not now decrease the number of our ambassadors if we would. Far from the number diminishing, it will continue to increase. Take, for instance, the British embassy here in Washington. I am informed that the British government paid for that property when it was purchased 40 cents a square foot. To-day the property is worth not less than $10 a square foot. The same thing is true of the experience of other nations, and it is true of our experience in those limited instances where we have adopted this policy. Our legation property, now an embassy, at Tokyo cost $16,000 gold, and there is now on it an annual ground rental of $100 a year. That property to-day, I was told in Tokyo, was worth at least $50,000 gold. In Seoul, Korea, we bought our legation property, which is now used as our consulate, for the ridiculously small sum of $5,000. That property, I was informed when I was in Seoul, last summer was worth not less than $40,000. Our legation property in Pekin, while I do not remember the figures, has undoubtedly largely increased in value. I venture to say that the expenditure of $5,000,000 in buying, or leasing upon long terms, real estate in these capitals at the end of twenty years would produce an investment at least double the original cost. But whether this be true or not, it certainly would bring about this result, that in every important capital there would be an official residence, a building over which the American flag would always float. Then the man appointed by the president of the United States to represent this country would not have to decide how much rent he could afford to pay. He would not have to be a house hunter for a large part of his term. It would not then be necessary to remove the archives and the great and important papers belonging to this government from place to place, depending upon where the particular incumbent happened to live. Then the man of modest means, the man who most truly represents the bone and sinew of this republic, would not be placed at a disadvantage as compared with another man who happens to have more money. Then, from all external appearances, the wealth or the poverty of the particular incumbent would not be apparent. Then we would not hear of cases of men impoverishing themselves, as in the case of Governor Noyes, nor, on the other hand, would we see that vulgar display of ostentatiousness in living which we have sometimes seen in the past. No longer, then, would a condition exist under which these offices of the highest responsibility and dignity could be given only to rich men, and no longer would there be a single office within the gift of the American people that would not be within the reach of any American citizen. Speech of the Hon. Frank 0. Lowden, in the House of Representatives, Wednesday, March 2, 1910: Mr. Chairman: Many of the members who are present will recall that this bill was up for consideration a little more than a year ago. There were many objections made to the form of the bill, but I think that generally the members were in favor of the principle of the bill. In fact, some of those objections seemed to have so much force that we decided at that time not to press for final vote, but to attempt to meet 59 Uruguay Consulate, Bremen, Germiinv t? in i ^ r. ■ .'■>,, , „ French Consulate, Breslau, Germany T. . r' . . x_T ,, ^Au!,tnan Consulate, Hamburg, Germany Irench Consulate, Hamburg, Germany Italian Consulate. Hamburg, Germany 60 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress — Continued. those objections, which we beheve we have done in this bill which has just been read. The committee had given even then much time to the consideration of the bill, but I want to say to my younger friends here that they will have the profoundest lesson in humility, no matter how thoroughly they have studied their bill, when they bring it up for the first time in the House. I wish also to add that instead of justifying all of the provisions of that bill we reached the conclusion that by a careful study we would remedy the substantial defects pointed out, and I submit to the House that we have succeeded in this. I shall not make an extended argument upon the bill, because I believe that the House is practically ready for a vote. I wish, however, to mention some of the general considerations and will content myself with that which moved the committee at this time to urge with all its ability that the bill be passed, and that the United States of America may take the first step which will lead to the establishment of a diplomatic profession in America. [Applause.] In the first place, Mr. Chairman, it is very difficult for our ambassadors and ministers to find any sort of a place at all adequate to the needs of the government for many months, and often more than a year, after they come to take possession of their new posts. What an embarrassment this must be to the diplomacy of the United States all may readily see. I think that many of you will recall the anecdote that went the rounds of the country at the time that Mr. Choate first went to the Court of St. James as ambassador from the United States. He was living at a hotel, and, so went the anec- dote, he was out late at night, wandering about, when a policeman accosted him and asked him why he did not go home. He rephed, "I have no home; I am the American ambassador." [Laughter and applause.] Even more difficult than London is it in Berlin and Paris, Vienna and St. Peters- burg to rent a house that is at all suitable for this purpose, with the result that just at the time when our representative ought to be able to establish himself on amicable terms with the officials of foreign governments, namely, during the first few months of his service, he is obliged to live somewhere in a hotel. There is another reason that is equally important to my mind and which ought to be equally persuasive to this House, and that is that we all know that in our own private pursuits if we have an important negotiation to conduct, we frequently maneu- ver sometimes for weeks to have that negotiation conducted in a place and under the environment which is most agreeable and satisfactory to us. In this way we have a better opportunity of getting what is our due under those circumstances than otherwise. If that be true in our own private affairs, how much more must it be true of the ambassa- dor of a great country who has difficult and delicate negotiations of state to conduct with the foreign government? I might say in this connection that in every book of memoirs I have seen that has been written by an American diplomat, first and foremost have been pointed out not only the difficulties of negotiations under these circumstances, but in many cases how important negotiations have failed because of the superior facilities of other governments that were interested. But to my mind even more important than either of these is the fact, if we would do justice to our country, that we must so establish facihties for our diplomatic service that the poorest man may look to the highest rewards in diplomacy, provided only he has ability, experience, and industry. By suc- cessive executive orders our entire foreign service below the rank of ambassador and minister has been taken out of politics. We thus have the beginning of a profession of diplomacy. It ought to be possible for the lowest man in the foreign service to feel that it is within his power, if his service justifies it, to reach the highest posts. This is 61 Prussian Legation, Hamburg, Germany Argentine Consulate, Magdeburg, German^' British and Portuguese Consulates, Magdeburg, Germany NorT\-egian Consulate, Magdeburg, Germany Belgian Consulate, Mannheim, Germany 62 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress^Continued. impossible under existing conditions. Rents are so high in foreign capitals that only the rich can afford to take the highest places. What would gentlemen think if our practice were such that only the very rich could become presidents of the United States? What would gentlemen say of this democracy if our policy were such that no man could go upon the federal bench or come to Congress unless he were a millionaire? And yet we are rapidly drifting into a state of affairs where the men best equipped in every other way have to decline these honorable and important commissions abroad. Gentlemen will recall that it is only a short time ago since this government was humili- ated by the episode which occurred at Berlin at the time an exchange of our ambassa- dors was made. But it has been suggested by some that to have embassies of our own would make it still more burdensome upon the poor man competent to discharge the duties of these offices. I have taken great pains since the last debate upon this bill to discuss with many of our foreign representatives whether or not this be a true charge. I even last autumn, happening- to be in Paris, visited, in company with our then ambassador, Mr. White, the embassies of Great Britain, Germany, and Austria, which were regarded as being typical of the capitals of Europe. I found that' in every instance one floor of the embassy, furnished by the government, was simply"^ used for state occasions and was closed during the bala,nce of the year, the family of the ambas- sador living in comparative simplicity on the floors above. I found that in the house which had been rented by Mr. White, our ambassador, the same practice obtained, and he assured me — and no one in our diplomatic service has had a larger experience than Mr. White — that this was his practice, and that the expenses of living, following that method, were no whit larger than even if our representatives were obliged to live in a less suitable place. An interesting incident that he told me at that time brings to my mind now the importance of having the embassy and chancellery connected in the same building. That is not the situation with reference to our embassies, where the embassy may be off in one place and the chancellery or offices at another. The government of the United States had ordered, when the late President Cleveland died, in order to do honor to his memory, that the flag above the embassy should be carried at half-mast. At our embassy at Paris it was attempted to carry out this order but our offices there were simply a suite of offices in a sort of an office building, and we had no more rights than the other tenants, and a real estate agent, who occupied one of the other suites, protested to the landlord. The ambassador of the United States, under the conditions was obliged to remove our flag and failed for that reason to do honor to a great man whom this country had honored and whose memory will be one of our most priceless possessions as the^years go by. I submit that during the last twelve years, or since the Spanish-American war, according to the testimony of the secretary of state before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the business of the State Department has more than doubled. In the years gone by it was not so important, but whether we will or no, the fact remains that America has become a world power, that the ministers of state of every foreign country desire to cultivate our foreign representatives, and we must put them in a position where they can deal with the foreign countries on something like equal terms. [Ap- plause.] This bill provides for no present appropriation. The reason for that was that the treasury is not so full as we would wish it, and another reason quite as important was that we preferred to require in this bill, which is simply an authorization to com- mence upon this policy, that the secretary of state in making any recommendations in the future with reference to this subject should accompany those recommendations with a detailed statement of what the expense would be after thorough consideration 63 Brilish Consulate, Maunhrim, Germany Brilisli Legation, Municli, Bavaria Austrian Legation, Munieli, Bavaria French (.'onsulate, Xuremliers,', (lerniany Italian Legation, Munich, Bavaria 64 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speeches in Congress — Continued. had been had, and that no appropriations in excess of that sum could be appropriated in the future, except by a new authorization. A further hmitation was put in the bill, and that was that not more than half a million dollars should be expended in any one fiscal year. ' The purpose of that was that we may begin in a businesslike way, possibly next winter, and I hope that the State Department will then have ascertained at which one of these places we have the greatest need and certify what an embassy can be purchased for at such place to enable us in a businesslike and economical way to make a start. There is one other thing of which I wish to remind you. Beyond our own boundaries the only places which the United States of America may occupy as of right are our embassies, legations, and consulates. Within theni the flag of America is as supreme as within the city of New York; elsewhere it floats only by the courtesy of foreign nations. Is it befitting the dignity of a great nation that the whim or the purse of him who for the time represents America abroad should determine whether this bit of American soil shall be here or there in the foreign capitals — one year in a flat and the very next year in a palace? Would it not be better, infinitely better, if the nation should furnish our foreign representatives a permanent home, simple but adequate, in keeping with the best traditions of the republic, where the hospitality exercised by them would put the nations of the world under obligations not to the persons of our ambassadors and ministers but to the United States.'' [Applause.] We have boasted through all our history that this is a country of homes. Shall the nation alone be homeless? Shall America's flag be a tramp in the capitals of the world, protecting not a nation's home but only the temporary abiding place of America's representatives? Shall we arise to the nation's needs, imposed upon her by the last dozen years of our history? I would not say one word in criticism of the great body of the men who have represented us in foreign lands. Beginning with Benjamin Franklin and coming down to the present, they have served us faithfully and well. Now, let this nation do its part. Let us either withdraw from the capitals of the earth, or let us enable our foreign representatives to serve their country abroad on something like equal terms with the rest of the world. [Applause.] Congressman Kustermann of Wisconsin, in an address before the House of Representatives on April 19, 1908 : Even Jefferson with the simple and plain life he led, would, if he were alive today, insist that v/e keep step with other nations in housing our representatives in foreign countries. After roaming around a few days in the great city of Berlin the thought struck me that the American ambassador might be curious to inspect a newly elected con- gressman from Wisconsin and ascertain just what a Badger looks like. I inquired of a number of persons whom I met, also of some of the generally well-posted policemen, where the United States embassy could be found, but while they knew the location of all the other embassies, including the British, the French, the Spanish, and the Russian, they could not tell me wh^re the United States ambas- sador held forth. But I soon ceased to express surprise at their lack of information, after finally I succeeded in finding the place, which is marked by a miniature specimen of our glorious Stars and Stripes, dangling from the second story window of a very ordinary looking building. 65 Prussian Legation, Munich, Bavaria Britisli Consulate, Apia, Samoa German Governor's Residence, Apia, Samoa Chinese Embassy, London, England 66 Austrian Embassy, London, England AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say President Taft said before the National Board of Trade, January 26th, 1910: We boast ourselves a democratic country. We say that there is no place within the gift of the people to which we may not select the most humble inhabitant, providing he be fit to dis- charge its duty, and yet we have an arrangement which makes it absolutely impossible for any- body but a millionaire to occupy the highest diplomatic post. Now I ask you whether that is consistency; whether it is not the purest kind of demagogy? By demagogy I mean the advancement of an argument which seems to be in favor of democ- racy but which, when it actually works out, is in favor of plutocracy. Extract from President Taft's speech before the American Association of China, at Shanghai, October 8th, 1907: And now what else is needed? It goes without saying. What you need is a great government building here, to be built by the expenditure of a very large sum of money, so that our court and consulate shall be housed in a dignified manner. Our government should give this substantial evidence of its appreciation of the importance of its business and political relation to the great Chinese Empire. In the Orient, more than any- where else in the world, the efl'ect upon the eye is important, and it must be very diflBcult for Chinese to suppose that the government of the United States attributes proper importance to its trade with China when it houses its consulate and its judges in such miserably poor and insuf- ficient quarters as they now occupy. All over the United States, Congress has provided most magnificent court rooms for the administration of Federal justice. Will it, now that it has created a court whose jurisdiction is co-extensive with the Chinese Empire, be less generous in the erection of a building which shall typify its estimate of the importance of its relation to Chinese trade and the Chinese people? President Taft said in his message to Congress of December 6,, 1910: During many years past appeals have been made from time to time to Congress in favor of government ownership of embassy and legation premises abroad. The arguments in favor of such ownership have been many and oft repeated and are well known to the Congress. The acqui- sition by the government of suitable residences and ofiices, especially in the capitals of the Latin- American states and of Europe is so important and necessary to an improved diplomatic service that I have no hesitation in urging upon the Congress the passage of some measure similar to that favorably reported by the House Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs on February 14, 1910 (Report No. 438), that would authorize the gradual and annual acquisition of ;.premises for diplomatic use. The work of the diplomatic service is devoid of partisanship; its importance should appeal to every American citizen and should receive the generous consideration of Congress. J. D. Adams, Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy: I am very much interested in the movement to obtain proper embassies and legations for our representatives abroad. I am aware of the great expense incurred in the fitting up of the several houses and the transportation of furni- ture, and aside from this expense it is proper that our country should own its own embassies and legations and keep them properly furnished and equipped so that it would not be to a certain extent imperative on the president to select for these important posts men who are fortunate enough to possess private incomes sufficient to enable them to meet the demands made upon them in consequence of the positions they hold. Archbishop Ireland, St. Paul, Minn.: There is and should be a dignity in American citizenship, and wherever the starry banner of freedom is unfolded, it should be done in a manner to arrest attention and demonstrate the greatness and dignity of the nation. Ralston Balch: Americans who live in London and travel through Europe have stated over and over again their disgust at the places in which they have found their representative living. I have talked with several men of this class, and the opinion is general that something should be done at once. The man in the street in any town in Europe is just as much a vital factor in forming his nation's policy as the man in the streets in Boston or St. Louis. With these people appearances count just the same as they judge each other by their clothes. When they see the American ambassa- dor living in a back street, in a mean little house, and unable to afford anything but the most meagre hospitality, they do not form a very high opinion of the American nation. The great cry of Americans abroad is that the foreign nations 67 "^ -^ t • French Embassy, Londcin, England Japanese Embassy, London, England Italian Embassy, London, England German Embassy, London. England Russian Embassy, London, England 68 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued have no idea of what a big strong, wealthy coun- try America really is, but the fault lies right at our own door. Captain F. M. Barber, U. S. Navy (Retired), Late Naval Attache at Tokyo, Pekin, Berlin, Rome, Vienna: It is evident from numerous indications that the United States government will soon adopt the policy of owning its diplomatic and consular buildings abroad, and the time is not far distant when traveling Americans will no longer be mortified at the sight of the United States embassy or legation being located on a single floor in an apartment house or office building with a tin shield over the door, far inferior in appearance to that of many a butcher or baker in the vicinity. Our country has grown to be one of the richest nations on the face of the earth, and our repre- sentatives should be installed in a manner more worthy of the country they represent, for of all nations Americans abroad are most fond of fre- quenting their embassies, legations and con- sulates. William W. Barre, Dayton, Ohio: The purpose of this organization as outlined, is one in which I am very deeply interested as I believe all thinking American citizens are who have traveled in foreign countries, and noted, as they could not fail to do, the handicap and dis- advantages under which our representatives are laboring by not having suitable residences in which to live, representative of a great and grow- ing country of wealth and commercial advantages. I spent six and a half years in the Orient, a part of that time as General Auditor of the Philippine Islands and in my travels in the East I was most forcibly impressed with the urgent needs in this respect. Harry H. Barthman, Shoe Manufacturer, Ber- lin, Germany: To contrast the home of an ambassador of another country. What a difference in possi- bihties, what a prestige to be gained or lost. As it is here in Berlin so you will find it in all contin- ental cities, with possible exceptions, where men selected possess enormous wealth and can do that which his country ought to do. With embassy homes built in all the foreign capitals our foreign service will increase in efficiency ten- fold and many a good man able to fill his post with glory where otherwise he would be hampered. Lindell T. Bates: The president could confer no greater benefit upon Europe today than by sending abroad men fitted to transmute the latent energies of our great traveling public into an active off-giving of American ideas, feelings and inspirations. G. W. Cassatt: The evil is not merely that the country is pre- vented from availing itself of the services of men highly fitted for these posts, but also that it pre- vents the establishment of the uniform traditions and practices that should attach to the position of ambassador. One ambassador will occupy palaces, both town and country, and entertain with a lavishness which does not help to diminish the impression that exists in Europe that we are money-mad; then comes his successor, the "flat dweller," whose wife does her own market- ing, and the other impression is produced that, while our government may have large resources it does not know how to use them. Both condi- tions are bad. F. E. Chadwick, Rear Admiral, retired: I had some experience of the evils and draw- backs of our present most undemocratic and unfair method. I was attached to our (then) legation in London from 1882 to 1889, and saw something of the difficulties in which our minis- ters were involved. Mr. Lowell during my time had to move twice, his residence in each case being a very modest house, ill-befitting his posi- tion and needs. Mr. E. J. Phelps had to occupy two different houses. Our system now excludes from such positions all but the very rich, and is thus in total dis- accord with our principles. This, in itself, should be sufficient argument for the action • the association supports, and must in time be effective. Irvin S. Cobb, New York World's Humorist: I can't say I'm altogether out of sympathy with the movement that's been started to provide adequate establishments for our foreign diplo- mats. We hear that our minister to Bulfusia has his office in a small room upstairs over a retail cheese conservatory in the last house of a small dark alley opening off of the throughfare known in the picturesque and poetic language of the country as the Bum Street of a Million Smells. E. S. Daniells, Robert H. IngersoU 6b Bro., Watches : I heard a lady remark to her husband a few days ago, that they must be sure to attend our American ambassador's Fourth of July reception this year, because perhaps the next ambassador may be one who cannot afford to give such recep- tions. 69 Spanish Embassy, London, England T,,,.i-; i, i? v. t i t^ i , V,, > „ , , ^^ J- urkish Embassy. London, England T n 1 . , r^ It HI mm jraif .V' I ^,it( m^ m iir"^u I'H'l^'^QiPs^ r+ "r- '^^ »-4 '^^^i^-^*! -■^r/u* ,g^ aa ^ad lit ill It L ^i*^^ - German Consulate, Aden, Arabia ] talian Consulate, Aden, Arabia Portuguese Consulate, Aden, Arabia Swedish, Danish and Belgian Consulates, Aden, Arabia German Consulate, Georgetown, Guiana 72 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federation of Labor: As an American citizen, proud of the history of our country and expectant of its glory in the fu- ture, I am glad to associate myself with this move- ment. When I arrived in London and repaired to our embassy offices in Victoria Street, I own that, though I am not given to pomp or ostentation, I felt that I was entering an office that might have been fit for a second-class lawyer. Appearances have their influences. I would not have a baronial mansion for the American embassy, but I would have a building that would impress the beholder with the dignity and strength of our country. ing that the country owns. It leads to a fluctua- tion of addresses. Sometimes our representative is to be found living in a palace; sometimes in an apartment. It would be far more in keeping with the dignity of our country if its representa- tive was to be found always in the same place, and in a suitable place, so that his countrymen would know where to reach him. In my opinion every diplomatic representative of the United States ought at least to have the command of his own front door. He cannot be sure of that if he has to take chances in several of the capitals of Europe. This having command of one's own front door is desirable for the security of the archives of the embassy, to say nothing about matters of keeping up the dignity of the country. William H. Griswold, Hamburg, Germany: The consul must be personally responsible for any lease he makes for over one year and the local custom demands that he must take a lease of at least three years. If the State Department could be allowed certain discriminative powers for such places as Hamburg, say a ten years' lease, we could have better consulate quarters without increasing the present expense, and without plac- ing an extra burden on the consul general which should be borne by the state. Theodore J. Hoover: In general you will find the foreign representa- tives of countries other than the United States housed in their own premises in the best parts of the cities. The representative of the United States except in special cases (as that of London) I find in general, in a mean side street where rents are cheap; it is a condition so general that no one of the places I have visited calls for special men- tion now. Louis C. Hay, of Hay 85 Boynton, Bankers, New York City: A residence of ten years abroad brought forci- bly before me the fact of the necessity that our ambassadors should be provided with permanent homes in order to properly uphold the dignity of our country and government. James H. Hiland, Third Vice-President Chicago, Milwaukee 85 St. Paul Railway, Chicago, 111.: In the Orient a nation is judged entirely by the pomp and outward show displayed through its representation, and one that does not maintain its dignity by outward appearance is very indifl'er- ently considered by the merchants and traders of the Orient. As an illustration of the trade condi- tions in Japan, the United States consumes 50 per cent, of the goods manufactured in Japan, and furnishes to the Japanese in manufactured articles and staples less than 25 per cent., while the English, Germans and French combined take less than 25 per cent, of the Japanese goods and furnish them more than 65 per cent, of their manu- factured goods and staples. Hon. David Jayne Hill, United States Ambassa- dor to Germany: It is a disadvantage to every ambassador, to every visitor to the country, not to have a build- C. F. Humphrey, of Humphrey 8b Hubbard, Attorneys at Law, San Francisco, Cal. : It pleases me very much to be permitted to become a member of the American Embassy Asso- ciation. Yesterday, July 5th, I attended the reception held by Ambassador Reid and Mrs. Whitelaw Reid at Dorchester House, one of the show places of England. It was a grand affair — one of which every American should feel justly proud — but when one stops to consider that the expense of such a function falls on the ambassador, it detracts a little from the feeling of its being solely a national reception, and does not speak well for the arrangements made by the United States government for such affairs. I am heartily in sympathy with and will do what I can to assist in the movement. Archibald Johnston, President Bethlehem Steel Company, South Bethlehem, Pa.: The work is an excellent one and more needed than most people realize. Our glorious country is too little known abroad, largely because the establishments maintained vary so much in their style in successive years, caused, as you know, by men of greater or less wealth succeeding each other. Such establishments as are well main- tained are, of course, carried on by private for- tunes. 73 Portuguese Cunsulate, Georgetown, Guiana Venezuelan Consulate, Georgetown, Guiana German Consulate, Cape Town, South Africa Chinese Consulate, Johanoesburg, South Africa tVench Consulate, Johannesburg, South Africa 74 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued Thomas B. Jones, Lawyer: The premises (of the ordinary American em- bassy) would be quite sufficient perhaps for the purposes of the representatives of the govern- ments of Uruguay or Paraguay, but for the pur- poses of an embassy of a great power they are candidly speaking merely a joke. W. E. Kugemann, National Radiator Co.: When one stops to reflect, that about the most important mission entrusted to our ambassador is the maintenance of friendly social as well as commercial relations between our government and people and the country in which he is sta- tioned, and which cannot be accomplished in a better way than through direct social intercourse with the ruling monarch, the nobility and high government officials. Hence, the necessary ap- pointments as well as an adequate income should be placed at the disposal of our country's repre- sentative, consistent with the conditions and cus- toms of the country in which he is stationed. The existing conditions with regard to the busi- ness quarters placed at the disposal of the repre- sentatives of our government seem so incongruous in case of a nation who have such a world-re- nowned reputation for business and commercial ability, when throughout the entire world we find large business institutions reorganizing their offices and works on a basis of the well recognized and superior American systems and methods. Joshua Levering, E. Levering 8b Co., Balti- more, Maryland: It has been my privilege within the last five years to make two trips around the world, visiting specially the countries in the Far East. In so do- ing I was greatly, as well as sadly, impressed with the small, unpretentious, and poorly adapted buildings used by the representatives of our gov- ernment in all the countries visited. It does bring shame to the face of any American visiting these lands to see these conditions existing, and comparing same with the more pretentious buildings and sites occupied by representatives of third or fourth class powers. L. Freeman Little, Alsop Flour Process of Minne- apolis, Minnesota: I am of decided opinion that some governmen- tal restraint should be placed upon our ambassa- dors to prevent in future the past scandalous mis- representation of America by the unrestrained ultra-rich. I have taken the occasion to write fully to two congressmen friends of mine — the Hon. Ollie James of the First District, and the Hon. A. 0. Stanley of the Second District of Ken- tucky, on this subject, and have pointed out to them, as I happen to know the fact that among all of their constituents there is not a single man who would be able to accept an appointment as ambassador for the simple reason that there are none wealthy enough to follow the absurd pre- cedents which have been established. Congressman Nicholas Longworth, Ohio: The object is not so much to better the condi- tion of our diplomatic envoys as it is to create a condition under which those high offices will come within reach of every American citizen of brains, culture, ability and patriotism, regardless of what his financial circumstances may be. Heaton Manice, Stuttgart, Germany: All of our appointees have to waste months of valuable time in searching for quarters upon their arrival at their posts. Frequently it even occurs that those of ample private means are unable to obtain a suitable dwelling or at least only at an exorbitant rate. Suitable houses being rare and generally only for sale. Appointees of small pri- vate means have either the choice of residing in a scanty way or of devoting their entire salary towards their abode. But how disgusting it is that a country like ours should throw itself upon the generosity or liberality of its representatives. Even the diplomats of bankrupt Turkey are housed and princely salaried as compared to ours, and, if the inner-sides of diplomatic history were laid bare, it would be known that this policy had been frequently the cause of their present existence as a nation. Frederick Townsend Martin: A snob in private life is abhorrent; a snob in public life is perilous. Congressman James Breck Perkins, New York: The feeling is universal that the representatives of our government should be properly, decorously and decently housed in a manner befitting the country they represent. One result of our present unfortunate system is that positions of this sort (ambassadors, ministers, etc.), are closed to a poor man or a man of moderate means. General Horace Porter, former Ambassador to France: The ambassador is compelled to spend the beginning of his stay with house agents instead of familiarizing himself with the etiquette of the country to which he is accredited. When a resi^ dence is finally found, as his tenure of office is doubtful, he takes a great pecuniary risk in leasing and furnishing it, and tells of an instance in which a cabman, when asked where the American embassy was to be found, replied "on wheels," owing to its frequent changes. 75 Geiman Consulate, bingap.jre, btiaits^ Settlement Netherlands Consulate, Singapore, Straits Settlement French Consulate, Hobart, Tasmania Netherlands Consulate, Hobart, Tasmania Austrian Legation, Athens, Greece 76 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued Alexander H. Revell, of Alexander H. Revell 85 Co., Furniture, Chicago, Illinois: "America" is a first-class nation which puts up a third or fourth-class appearance in Europe. It is very well for us to know that we are "the greatest nation on the face of the earth," but Europe, which, like everyone on this sphere, relies a good deal on appearances, will not be convinced of it until we send them envoys less shabbily accoutered than those of the tiniest principalities represented in her courts. Mr. Revell's Experiences I knocked somewhat at random on a door, and a little German woman came out and squinted at me. I used my Chicago German vocabulary on her, and on the second trial she directed me up- stairs, where I was to find the secretary, Mr. Eddy. I knocked at another door, and finally entered the apartment which serves as embassy headquarters of the great United States. Is it not extraordinary that a nation which has become such an important factor in the wealth and worth of the entire world should present such a second-class appearance in the eyes of other nations? To speak only of the commercial relations, there is the United States, in the position of biggest seller and practically biggest buyer, locating its representatives in dingy rented apartments, while the other nations provide their trained diplomatists with mansions, bought and paid for. In answer to any possible criticism of my plea for appearance, I will say that appearance counts, and it counts more here in Europe than it does in America. The United States government should make a dignified and impressive appear- ance in accordance with the importance of the United States as a nation. William T. Robertson, President, Winnebago National Bank, Rockford, Illinois: I have for a long time thought, and many times said that the United States ought to pro- vide residences for its representatives, of similar nature to those of England and Germany. I remember especially when I was in Berlin I felt humiliated in comparing the quarters of the American consul and ambassador with those of France. Theodore Roosevelt: I have repeatedly expressed myself in strong sympathy with your purpose. Albert A. Silver, Jr., Silver, Burdett 8b Com- pany, Publishers, New York City: It has been my privilege to make two trips around the world within the past ten years, having spent considerable time in a number of the Eastern countries, and having visited many of our ministers, consuls and others representing American interests, and it has been a source of no little disappointment and somewhat of a draft on my pride to find that our representatives are not as well maintained as are those of many countries even of the smaller class. George Oakley Totten, Jr., Architect, Washing- ton, D. C, who visited Europe last summer in the interest of the International Congress of Architecture for the purpose of studying the foreign embassies in Europe: It is known that the State Department favors the ownership of embassy buildings, and it is the general feeling throughout the country that this should be the case. There are many advantages to be gained by government ownership of lega- tions and embassies. The desirability of having a fixed location is one of the most important of these. As it is, a legation is first located in one section of a foreign capital and then in an entirely different neighborhood. A country which owns legation buildings of importance receives a good standing in many countries, especially those of the East, where outward show carries great weight. In the Eastern countries the question of defence must be taken into consideration. The nations of the world have found that they must provide homes for their ministers in order that they may be protected during uprisings and rebellions. Hon. Charlemagne Tower, former Ambassador to Germany: It is no more in keeping with national dignity for private funds to be used in connection with the diplomatic service than it would be to pay the expenses of the post office department by popular subscription. Embassies ought to be owned by the government just as much as the Capitol in Washington. Willard C. Tyler, Keasbey 8b Mattison Company, Asbestos : Ever since the United States has been a nation, it has required consuls, and also ministers and ambassadors. Their position is then as perma- nent as that of any other regular officer of the United States, and there is no reason in the world why our government should not own these build- ings, and why they should not be of a better character when representing so great a nation as ours. In no place where I have been abroad (and it includes all the world north of the equator) has the residence of any of our representatives, high or low, been as good as those of six or eight other principal nations. They have been what the 77 £ .,» * Austriiui ('(insular Residc-ncc, Alliens, Greece Ik-lgiun Legation, Alliens, Greece British Legation, Athens, Greece French Legation, Athens, Greece German Legation, Athens, Greece 78 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued representatives could find and what they could afford. In my opinion, it would be far more in- telligent and add far more to the dignity and reputation of the United States to own buildings in all these places for its representatives, than spending so much money as it does in owning country post offices, merely to please the congress- men who represent those districts, and who feel they have got to do something for their own towns. When I see in my travels the magnificent buildings owned by the other governments, in which are housed the ambassadors and ministers of other nations, I am ashamed of the attitude of our government toward this whole question. For United Fruit Co., B. W. Palmer, Storey, Thorndike, Palmer 85 Thayer, Lawyers, Bos- ton, Massachusetts: It believes in improving the service as much as possible and thinks that the object of your asso- ciation will have a very distinct tendency in that direction. T. J. Walters, Baltimore 8b Ohio Railroad Co., Pittsburg , Pennsylvania : I have done my duty on the government owner- ship of homes in foreign capitals, and I am per- sonally interested in seeing this accomplished, and through your good offices I am hopeful that when I next visit Wales I may have the pleasure of seeing such a home in London. Hon. Henry White, former Ambassador to France: It is most desirable for the nation to own per- manent embassies in every capital. I have long advocated that and my impression is that the government before long will take steps in that direction. I wish you continued success in your excellent work in behalf of the country's dignity and self respect abroad. George B. Woodruff, Hyatt Roller Bearing Co., Machinery: Regarding the residences at which our repre- sentatives live, with the exception of London, I hardly think there is one in the whole lot either in England or on the Continent that is a credit to the United States. Extract from a letter received from a foreigner: " The American ambassador is about to rent a house, and his wife is searching for all kinds of bargains, such as used up curtains, carpets and similar second-hand furnishings. It seems really a shame that a rich nation should compel its representative to make such an exhibition to foreigners. If the ambassador has not suf- ficient money of his own, he surely ought to be paid enough not to be compelled to have his wife run all over town in search of bargains, like an old clothes man." A Communication from the Korean Minister to the Secretary of State : Washington, D. C, January 6, 1902. Sir: I have the honor to hand you inclosed duplicate copies of a memorandum I have made relative to new buildings for the legation at Seoul, to cost $25,000 to $40,000. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, Horace N. Allen, United States Minister to Korea, on Leave Hon. John Hay, Secretary of State A Memorandum re United States legation buildings, Seoul, Korea: The United States owns the legation grounds and buildings in Seoul, comprising over three acres in the best locality, situated between the legations of France and Russia, and of England, and adjoining the Imperial Palace. The grounds cost the government $4,600, and could probably be sold now for $25,000. A similar suitable site could not be had for $25,000. The buildings are of the old Korean style, and consist of many little Korean bungalows joined together and patched up by the substi- tution of glass for paper windows; brick wall for those of mud, wattle and plaster; and board for stone fioors. They are all of one low story. Inside the rafters and beams that support the heavy tile roof are all exposed. This is no dis- advantage as it gives a rather picturesque effect. The buildings are naturally frail and expensive to keep in order. The danger from fire is con- siderable. The emperor's library burned down in November last. It was but nine feet in one place from the legation. The legation house was only saved by very great effort on the part of the charge d'affaires and the constable. Every other legation and consulate in Seoul is housed in fine foreign-built structures. Even the German and Japanese consulates are in handsome brick buildings that have cost not less than $25,000 each. The Japanese are now replacing their present fine legation buildings by one of much greater pretensions that will probably cost $100,000. The French legation is imposing, and the French government purchased a chateau in France just to get its Louis XIV furniture for this house. The Russian legation is very exten- 79 Italian Legation. Athens, (Irece Turkish Legatiein, Athens, Greece Russian Legation, Athens, (ireece llahan Consular Itesidenee, Athens, Greece (.'ohm Theatre, (lUatemaUi City, Guatemala 80 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued sive and imposing. Sixty people can easily be accommodated in those houses for dinner. The British legation is not so large as the Russian and French, but it is more massive. Our own legation is really a disgrace to the United States. When I stand on the front step my silk hat reaches to the eaves. This property had to be purchased by the first minister, as there was no system of rentals in Korea. From One in the Diplomatic Service: A representative of our country who conducts himself properly and meets the officials of the district in which he is located in a manner to command respect, feels keenly the lack of per- manent headquarters where he may have sur- roundings and equipment conforming to the im- portance of his country. Aside from our pride of government and our patriotic devotion to its interests, I am confident that the ownership; of embassies and consulates can be proved to be a good business proposition. From One in the Diplomatic Service: Apropos of residences for our diplomatic repre- sentatives, and as illustrating rather strikingly the fact that such purchased by our government would in many, if not all, cases be profitable in- vestments of public money, may I quote, in case the facts are not well known to you, certain state- ments in regard to the British embassy in Paris which I read some years ago in a Paris journal: "In celebration of the sixty-second birthday of King Edward VII., His Excellency Sir Edmund Monson, H. B. M's Ambassador to .France, entertained a large company to dinner at his resi- dence in the rue du Faubourg Saint Honor6, which was illuminated for the occasion. "The ambassador received his guests in the red salon, and everyone remarked on the great improvement effected by the installation of elec- tric light. The table was set for seventy-two covers in the handsome banqueting hall, with its perfect empire decorations and hangings in crimson silk. On the table was the invaluable collection of gold plate that was purchased with the house. The history of the plate together with the house is interesting and known to few. In 1815 the Duke of Wellington, then resident at the palace that is now the Elys6e, obtained for the British government from Princess Pauline Borghese the house at 39 rue du Faubourg Saint Honor6 together with all its fittings, furniture and plate, and a house in the rue d'Anjou for the sum of 600,000 francs. The house in the rue d'Anjou was afterwards sold for 500,000 francs, with which money the present banqueting hall, gallery and ball-room were added to the ambassa- dorial residence. The stables, however, in the rue d'Anjou still belong to the embassy. It is calculated that the gold plate on the table at the banquet last Monday -would. alone reach a value equal to the original price paid for the two residences." .'.,. . '-*-* From One in the Diplomatic Service: This condition of things is humUiatiggf to a degree and no one who^has the jhighest interests of his country at heart can fail to feel the sting of mortification at not being able to live in a manner somewhat in keeping with the wealth and great- ness of his country. It is and has been for years the experience of consuls in Europe and farther East, where ap- pearances in a large measure determine the im- portance of an individual or public officer, that they are unable to command the recognition from the business world, that they should, by reason of their inadequate! salaries which compel them to avoid, in, a measure, business engagements which well paid consuls of other nations can well afford to meet. The spirit of Americanism alone often times saving them utter rout and humiliation, when their scanty purse affords the necessary, but these conditions detract from their influence and standing as business representatives and lessens their influence among business men. The consular service as organized today is upon a high plane, and.I dare say the qualifications of the consuls, their moral, business and social worth, qualify them for admission into the highest business circles everywhere, but they are unable ■ unless possessed, of private means to extend or , even meet those personal courtesies which count for so much in business hfe, especially in the , older countries: The Department of State is alive to these con- ditions and is anxious to meet the full require- ments of the service, but it is through such asso- ciations as yours and through the commercial and business clubs and associations of the country I apprehend that the public conscience must be awakened sufficiently to induce Congress to act. The business of the country demands that Congress shall place their business represeritatives in a position to command the highest respect of the people abroad from whom we expect to have a fair share of trade; and it is for the business organizations to press their claim and I con- gratulate you upon your efforts in their behalf. I only hope that speedy legislation may be secured then we may be enabled to hold our own in this day of trade expansion. From One in the Diplomatic Service: It is a shame for the most wealthy nation on earth to^se up the best days of men's lives in service so"poorly provided for that ^whien these same men become unfit for further efficient ser- vice, because of age and disease contracted in 81 ST'^Ki.SS^s^ German Consulate, Port au Prince, Haiti ^ British Consulate, Amsterdam, Holland German Consulate, Amsterdam, Holland Russian Consulate, Amsterdam, Holland Austrian Legation, Tlie Hague, Holland 82 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION What Prominent Men Say — Continued tropical climates, many times they are turned out penniless to die or forced to depend upon the charities of others. Ours is the only government on earth that treats their diplomatic and consular servants with such cold blooded reckless neglect. From One in the Diplomatic Service: The government forbids representatives from making long leases likely to meet the disapproval of his possible successor, and because of the short- ness of the leases, landlords are most reluctant to build suitable houses for consulates, and when once built are as equally reluctant to improve or arrange them so as to make them acceptable for the dispatch of consular and diplomatic business. The landlord feels that perhaps the next repre- sentative may change the legation or the consul- ate and he makes only such repairs or alterations as are absolutely necessary and does this with great difficulty. On account of short leases and the uncertainty of retaining the building as a permanent legation or consulate, the representa- tive has little to offer to the landlord as induce- ment to either build or to alter houses or business of foreign representatives. Besides the property of the government suffers a great deal from being transferred and moved from place to place. But perhaps the greatest advantage to be derived from the permanency of legation and consular buildings is in the in- creased influence which it gives the representa- tive. The permanency of the building at once gives assurance of the perpetuation of those international relationships which are so essential to peace and progress in the modern world. The want of a permanent home for our representa- tives gives very much the same impression from an international standpoint which a renter gives to his neighbor in domestic communities. So many of the duties which devolve upon foreign representatives depend upon his influence, and there are few things which contribute so much to giving dignity and power to a foreign representa- tive as permanence in his representative home. 83 Belgian Legation, The Hague, Hollanrl British Legation, The Hague, Holland Chinese Legation, The Hague, Holland French Legation, The Hague, Holland Gernaan Legation, The Hague, Holland 84 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations Resolution adopted by the Gadsden, Ala., Business Men's Club Whereas, at a call meeting of the Business Men's Club, Sept. 19th, 1910, the secretary of the club was instructed to draft resolutions of endorsement of the efforts of the American Em- bassy Association seeking government ownership of its embassies in foreign capitals. Theeefoee, Be It Resolved, that the Busi- ness Men's Club of Gadsden, Ala., heartily ap- proves of the government ownership of its em- bassies as set out by the American Embassy As- sociation of New York. That we urge the honorable members of the Senate and House of Representatives from Alabama to use their best endeavor to accomplish this end. Business Men's Club E. T. HoUingsworth, President W. R. Philips, Secretary Mobile, Ala., Chamber of Commerce At a meeting of representative citizens of Mo- bile held this day at the Battle House, to hear Messrs. E. Clarence Jones and Frederick Town- send Martin regarding their plan to provide suit- able homes abroad for ambassadors and repre- sentatives of the United States, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Whereas, we have heard the able argument presented by Messrs. Jones and Martin on this subject and heartily endorse everything that has been said toward providing suitable quarters in foreign countries for our ambassadors and repre- sentatives in keeping with the dignity and stand- ing of our own country, and as now provided by other countries: Therefore, Be It Resolved, that we are heartily in favor of the United States owning its embassy buildings with suitable quarters for our ambassadors and legations in foreign countries, and of sufficient size to make them headquarters for the entire traveling American public, and of such beauty and comfort as will reflect credit upon the flag of our beloved country. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to our senators and representa- tives in Congress, requesting them to use their best energies and efforts in supporting a bill that will be introduced to carry out the object of this resolution. By J. D. Bloch and W. F. Tebbetts, Committee By Benj. Thurley Resolution adopted by the Mobile, Ala., Commercial Club Whereas, the United States does not own home buildings in foreign countries for the ambas- sadors and legations, with the result that our em- bassies have no permanent homes in the various cities; and Whereas, we believe that no representative of our government should be called upon to make expenditures from his private fortune, or that it should be necessary for him to have one in order to be enabled to accept the appointment and to maintain the dignity of our government abroad; and Whereas, we believe that all ambassadors should reside in the same permanent home which the government should supply, where our citizens may feel at liberty to come and go with the same freedom as that existing at the White House at Washington. Therefore, Be It Resolved, that we are heartily in favor of the United States owning its embassy buildings with suitable quarters for am- bassadors and legations in foreign countries, and of suflicient size to make them headquarters for the entire traveling American public, and of such beauty and comfort as wiU reflect credit upon the flag of our beloved country. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to our senators and repre- sentatives in Congress requesting them to use their best energies and efforts in supporting a bill that will be introduced to carry out the object of this resolution. Batesville, Ark., Board of Trade Will call the attention of our board to the mat- ter and endeavor to have suitable resolutions passed at our first meeting endorsing your work, which, in our humble opinion, should be pressed until every foreign representative of this, the greatest and grandest government on earth, is provided with a proper residence and headquar- ters commensurate with the dignity of his position. A. A. Webber, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Fayetteville, Ark., Commercial League Resolved, that the pm-pose of the American Embassy Association to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of America of permanent homes for its ambassadors, minis- 85 Italian Legation, The Hague, Holland t t Jluss^an Legation, The Hague, I^C'^ ''^^^"'""' ^'" "''^"•^' ^^°"='-' Danish Consulate, Puerto Cortes, Hondura 86 British Consulate, Puerto Cortes, Hondu AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations— Continued ters and consuls in foreign capitals is hereby en- dorsed, and it is our most urgent request that our senators and representatives in Congress are urged to support and vote in favor of the neces- sary appropriations to the accomplishment of this object. H. Sour, Secretary Endorsement of the Fort Smith, Ark., Commercial League The Fort Smith, Ark., Commercial League has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Board of Trade, Little Rock, Arkansas Hon. Frank D. Pavey, Secretary American Embassy Association, New York, N. Y. Dear Sir: Your favor of the 11th inst. received. It is our pleasure to urge the support of Mr. Lowden's bill upon our senators and representatives and letters to that effect have already gone forward. Whenever we can serve you please advise us and it will be a pleasure to comply. Yours truly, (Signed) Geo. R. Brown, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Berkeley, Cal., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, the movement of the American Em- bassy Association, to secure action by Congress providing homes for ambassadors, meets with the approval of the Berkeley Chamber of Com- merce, therefore, Resolved, that the indorsement of this body be given to the efforts of the American Embassy As- sociation, and be it further Resolved, that Congress be petitioned to make ample appropriation for carrying out the plan proposed by the American Embassy Asso- ciation. Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be transmitted to the Hon. J. R. Knowland, M. C, and to the American Embassy Association. Berkeley Chamber of Commerce By Wells Drury, Secretary Endorsement of the California Development Board, San Francisco, Cal. The California Development Board, San Fran- cisco, Cal., has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Resolution adopted by the San Francisco, Cal., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, it is of importance to the proper representation of the majesty of this country in the Orient that the consular establishments main- tained by the United States in these countries should be of a character commensurate with the dignity of the United States and the value of its trade relations with these countries; and. Whereas, the conditions in China, Japan and Korea with regard to the securing of suitable quarters for the offices and residences of consular officers are such as to render it imperative that the government of the United States should own and erect its own buildings for such purposes; therefore, be it Resolved, that the Board of Trustees of The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco heartily favors the passage by the Congress of the Bill H. R. 15111, entitled, "A Bill to authorize the pur- chase of lands and buildings for the consular establishments in China, Japan and Korea," introduced in the House of Representatives by Mr. Perkins; and be it further Resolved, that copies of this resolution be transmitted to each member of the California congressional delegation, to the speaker of the House of Representatives, to the president of the Senate, and to the president of the United States. Attest: The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco James McNab, President C. W. Burks, Secretary (Seal) Resolution adopted by the Colorado Springs, Colo., Chamber of Commerce Resolved, that the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce of Colorado Springs, Colorado, fully approve the efforts now being made by the American Embassy Association of New York City in seeking to secure legislation to establish dignified, suitable and permanent resi- dences abroad for our diplomatic representatives, and commend such efforts as being in every way proper in view of the growing importance of the United States of America among the powers of the world. A. W. Henderson, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Bridgeport, Conn., Manufacturers' Association At a meeting of the Executive Board of the Manufacturers' Association held October 6th, it was unanimously voted that this body heartily endorse the movement of the American Embassy Association in their efforts to promote and en- 87 Mexican Consulate, Puerto Cortes, Honduras Austrian Consulate, Florence, Italy British Consulate, Florence, Italy French Consulate, Florence, Italy German Consulate. Florence, Italy 88 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued courage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capitals. I take great pleasure in transmitting this for- mal endorsement to you. W. E. Brewster Greene, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Hartford, Conn., Business Men's Association Whereas, the best interests of the American business man and manufacturer demands better accommodations for the diplomatic corps of the United States in foreign lands, therefore, be it Resolved, that it is the unanimous opinion of the Hartford Business Men's Association that the Federal government should make better provision to establish proper housing accommodations. E. H. Warner, Secretary sentatives of the Chamber of Commerce, Mer- chants and Manufacturers Association, Cotton Exchange, Board of Trade, Retail Merchants Association and of the citizens of Savannah gen- erally, hereby resolve to pledge our support and advocacy to legislation which has for its object the remedying of the evils of the present system. We Fubthee Resolve, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to every representative from Georgia in the national Senate and House of Representatives . Endorsement of the Savannah, Ga., Cotton Exchange The Savannah, Ga., Cotton Exchange has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Endorsement of the Winsted, Conn., Business Men's Association The Winsted, Conn., Business Men's Associa- tion has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Tampa, Florida, Board of Trade Board of Governors endorsed H. B. 15814 to- day, and to-morrow I bulletin 260 members. Following telegram forwarded to-night: "Tahaferro, Fletcher, Sparkman, Clark, Mays: " Board of Trade of Tampa unanimously endorses H. B. fifteen thousand eight hundred fourteen providing for purchase erection consular buildings abroad and urge you use every endeavor for passage of bill. W. B. Powell, Secretary." (Signed) W. B. Powell. Endorsement of the Savannah, Ga., Board of Trade The Savannah, Ga., Board of Trade has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Savannah, Ga., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, having listened to the arguments of the representatives of the American Embassy Association in favor of the acquisition by the United States government of homes for our ambassadors, and deeply appreciative of the fact that the present system of requiring American ambassadors abroad to rent their homes is m- jurious not only to the prestige of the United States as a nation, but also to the best interests of her foreign trade and commerce, we, the repre- Endorsement of the Savannah, Ga., Merchants 8b Manufacturers Association The Savannah, Ga., Merchants & Manufac- turers' Association has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Endorsement of the Savannah, Ga., Retail Merchants Association The Savannah, Ga., Retail Merchants Associa- tion has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Endorsement of the Waycross, Ga., Board of Trade The Waycross, Ga., Board of Trade has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Endorsement of the Bloomington, 111., American Federation of Labor The Bloomington, lU., American Federation of Labor has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Resolution adopted by the Champaign, 111., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, the quarters abroad occupied by representatives of the United States government are notoriously inadequate and not commen- 89 Austrian Embassy, Rome, Italy Biitisli Eiiibdss\ Rome, Italy Fr(;nch Embassy, Rome, Italy German Embassy, Rome, Italy Japanese Embassy, Rome, Italy 90 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued surate with the dignity of the United States as compared with the quarters occupied by repre- sentatives of other governments; and Whereas, the American Embassy Association is an organization the purpose of which is to pro- mote and encourage acquisition by the United States of permanant homes in foreign capitals for its ambassadors. Therefore, Be It Resolved, that the Cham- paign, llhnois. Chamber of Commerce heartily approves of the purpose of the American Em- bassy Association; and Be It Further Resolved, that the Cham- paign, Illinois, Chamber of Commerce earnestly desires to assist the American Embassy Associa- tion in every way possible in accomplishing its aims; and Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the representatives in Congress of this district and to the two senators representing this state. C. A. Kiler, President The Chicago Association of Commerce, Chicago, 111. Whereas, the bill in Congress known as the Lowden Bill, providing for the "purchase or erection of embassy, legation and consular buildings abroad," has failed of enactment, being defeated in the House, March 2, 1910; and Whereas, the purpose of such legislation is to strengthen the diplomatic and commercial status of the United States in foreign countries ; and Whereas, the Lowden Bill has received the endorsement of the Foreign Trade Committee and the Executive Committee of the Chicago Association of Commerce, and said committees hold to their original contention that this bill or its equivalent should become law; therefore, be it Resolved, that the Chicago Association of Commerce, congratulating the American Embassy Association on its patriotic work, renews its de- mand that our government make such provision as contemplated in the Lowden Bill for the suit- able housing of our diplomatic and commercial representatives . Chicago Association of Commerce, Chicago, 111. American Embassy Association, New York. Referring to your letter of February 20th, we wired you to-day as follows: "Foreign Trade Committee recommended and Executive Committee adopted resolution endors- ing Lowden Bill. Now ready to write or wire our senators and congressmen." Yours very truly. The Chicago Association of Commerce By Wm. A. Gibson, Executive Secretary National Business League of America, Chicago, 111. Whereas, American diplomatic and consular representatives abroad are not provided with buildings either adequate to actual needs or be- fitting the commercial importance and dignity of the nation, especially as compared with accommo- dations provided by other countries for their foreign representatives, and Whereas, a bill, H. R. 21491, introduced by Mr. Lowden, April 20, 1908, and reported favor- ably as follows: "The Committee on Foreign Affairs, after full and careful consideration of the many bills in- troduced for the purchase or erection of consular, legation, and court buildings abroad, respect- fully recommend to the House the adoption of the following bill: "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that the secretary of state be, and he is hereby authorized to acquire in foreign countries such sites and buildings as may be appropriated for by Congress for the use of the diplomatic and consular establishments of the United States, and to alter, repair and fur- nish the said buildings; suitable buildings for this purpose to be either purchased or erected as to the secretary of state may seem best, and all buildings so acquired for the diplomatic service shall be used both as the residences of diplomatic officers and for the offices of the diplomatic estabhshment; Provided, that hereafter not more than five hundred thousand dollars shall be ap- propriated for the purposes above set forth, in any one fiscal year. "Sec. 2. That the sum of one million dollars is hereby appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purchase, erection, repair, alteration, and furnishing of embassies, legations, and consulates, the said sum to be expended within the purposes of this Act, at the discretion of the secretary of state, not to exceed one-half thereof, to be ex- pended to secure consular and court buildings at Shanghai and Yokohama and not to exceed one- half thereof to be expended to secure embassy buildings at Berhn and Mexico City." Therefore, Be It Resolved, that the Board of Directors and Standing Committees of the National Business League of America do hereby recommend immediate enactment of the aforesaid bill. On motion adopted. The National Business League of America By La Verne W. Noyes, President Austin A. Burnham, General Secretary Resolution adopted by the Greenville, Illinois, Commercial League The Commercial League of the city of Green- ville, Illinois, desired to join in the plea for better 91 Russian Embassy. Home, Italy Spanish Embassy. Rome. Italy . , . „ , ,, . Turkish Embassy, Rome, Italy Austrian Consulate. Venice, Italy Turkish Consulate, Venice. Italy AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued conditions in the American ambassador service, now the subject of some agitation under your association. Commercial League of Greenville, Illinois J. Seaman, President Resolution adopted by the La Salle, 111., Commercial Association Whereas, the United States does not own home buildings in foreign countries for the ambas- sadors and legations, with the result that our embassies have no permanent homes in the various cities; and Whereas, we beheve that no representative of our government should be called upon to make expenditures from his private fortune, or that it should be necessary for him to have one in order to be enabled to accept the appointment and to maintain the dignity of our government abroad; and Whereas, we believe that all ambassadors should reside in the same permanent home, which the government should supply, where our citizens may feel at liberty to come and go with the same freedom as that existing at the White House at Washington. Therefore, Be It Resolved, that we are heartily in favor of the United States owning its embassy buildings with suitable quarters for ambassadors and legations in foreign countries, and of suflBcient size to make them headquarters for the traveling American public, and of such beauty and comfort as will reflect credit upon the flag of our beloved country. Be It Further Resolved, that we commend the activity of the American Embassy Association in presenting this important issue to the American public. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to our senators and our repre- sentatives in Congress, requesting them to use their best energies and efforts in supporting a biU that will be introduced to carry out the object of these resolutions. J. E. Malone, Jr., Secretary Endorsement of the Litchfield, 111., Merchants Protective Association The Litchfield, HI., Merchants Protective Association has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Resolution adopted by the Maywood, 111., Business Men's Association ' At our regular meeting last night, your com- munication of the 15th ulto. was read, discussed and heartily approved by a unanimous vote of our association, and the proper officers were in- structed to communicate the action of the association to you. We shall be pleased to co-operate with you in any way possible to bring about the desired action of your organization in the establishing of homes for our foreign ambassadors in all foreign coun- tries, as we believe it will be for the betterment and upbuilding of more friendly relationship between the nations to have such local homes established. Aug. C. Kronquest, President C. V. Sausman, Secretary Moline, 111., Club Civic Improvement Commission Frank D. Pavey, Secretary and Treasurer, American Embassy Association, New York. Dear Sir: I enclose you a copy of telegram submitted as per your request. I also enclose you a sample of replies ' received. Wishing you success, I beg to remain. Yours very truly, (Signed) C. F. Grantz, Secretary (Telegram sent senators and congressmen from Illinois).' "We respectfully ask your indorsement and vote for House Bill No. 15814." C. F. Grantz Secretary of Civic Improvement Commission of Moline Club. Quincy, Illinois, Chamber of Commerce Copy of letter sent to senators and congressmen from Illinois: Dear Sir: This is in reference to Bill 15814, introduced by Mr. Lowden, providing for the purchase or erec- tion of embassy, legation and consular buildings, which measure has been favorably reported by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. I have the honor to advise you by direction, that our Chamber of Commerce believes that the passage of this bill would be beneficial to our coun- try and its prestige abroad, and hence we respect- fully ask that you give the measure your vote and influence. A reply at your earliest convenience would be a favor. Yours truly, (Signed) C. F. Perry, Secretary Endorsement of the Gary, Ind., Commercial Club The Gary, Ind., Commercial Club has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. 93 Britisli Consulate/ Nagasaki, Japan lu- ,^ i , ^^ r f 1 x- "lunesc Consulate, Nagasak, Japan P . , , , , . - , . , German Consulate, Nagasaki, Japan ' Itussian Consulate, Nagasaki. Jaoan n\ ■ ,• . -.r , , b a^i, japan Chinese Consulate. Yokohama, Japan AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued Resolution adopted by the Lafayette, Ind., Retail Merchants Association The articles of your association and your out- line was read at our last regular meeting, and after considerable discussion, it was endorsed by a unanimous vote of our association. We feel that this is a step in the right direction to main- tain the pride and dignity of our great nation, abroad as well as at home. Lafayette Retail Merchants Assn. Wm. Mohr, Secretary Endorsement of the Lafayette, Ind., Young Men's Business Club The Lafayette, Ind., Young Men's Business Club has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Resolution adopted by the Burlington, Iowa, Commercial Exchange Resolved, that we cordially endorse the work of the American Embassy Association which seeks to procure legislation establishing residences in foreign capitals for use of our diplomatic rep- resentatives, adequate to the dignity and import- ance of our position among nations. Commercial Exchange By Ed. E. Egan, Secretary and Treasurer Endorsement of the Burlington, Iowa, Upper Mississippi River Improvement Association The Burlington, Iowa, Upper Mississippi River Improvement Association has duly en- dorsed the work of the American Embassy Asso- ciation, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Resolution adopted by the Parsons, Kansas, Business Men's Association Be It Resolved, that the Business Men's Association of Parsons, Kansas, heartily endorse the work of the American Embassy Association in its efforts to promote and encourage the acqui- sition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capitals. Be It Fubther Resolved, that we urge upon the senators and representatives from Kansas that they work for the passage of the bill now be- fore the Congress, which provides for homes for American ambassadors in foreign capitals. And Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent the president of the American Embassy Association, New York City, and to the senators and representatives from Kansas. Business Men's Association By H. F. Reid, President Attest: L. E. Weekes, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Henderson, Ky., Commercial Club Whereas, the United States does not own home buildings in foreign countries for the ambassadors and legations, with the result that our embassies have no permanent homes, in the various cities; and Whereas, we believe that no representative of our government should be called upon to make expenditures from his private fortune, or that it should be necessary for him to have one in order to be enabled to accept the appointment and to maintain the dignity of our government abroad; and Whereas, we believe that all ambassadors should reside in the same permanent home which the government should supply, where our citizens may feel at liberty to come and go with the same freedom as that existing at the White House at Washington; Therefore, Be It Resolved, that we, the Henderson Commercial Club, are heartily in favor of the United States owning its embassy buildings with suitable quarters for ambassadors and legations in foreign countries, and of sufficient size to make them headquarters for the entire traveling American public, and of such beauty and comfort as will reflect credit upon the flag of our beloved country. Henderson Commercial Club By Charles T. W. Argue, Secretary Louisville, Ky., Commercial Club Whereas, we, members of the Commercial Club of Louisville, Ky., believe that the best interests of the United States, both commercially and in regard to national dignity, will be served by a revised diplomatic service, and the acquisi- tion by the government of permanent homes for ambassadors, we hereby Resolve, that the Commercial Club pledge itself to a support of the bill introduced into Congress by Representative Lowden of Illinois, relative to a government appropriation for em- bassies, and it is Further Resolved, that the Commercial Club commends and approves of the activity of the American Embassy Association, E. Clarence Jones, president, in presenting this important issue to the American people. It is Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the Kentucky delega- tion in Congress. Resolution adopted by the Winchester, Ky., Commercial Club At a regular meeting of the Board of Directors of the Winchester Commercial Club a resolution was adopted very heartily endorsing the move- ment set on foot by the American Embassy Asso- 95 French Consulate, Yokohama, Japan French Consuhir Residence, Yokohama, Japan German Consulate, Y'okohama, Japan German Consular Residence, Yokohama, Japan Russian Consulate, Yokohama, Japan 96 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued ciation to bring the attention of our government to the necessity of acquiring permanent and suit- able homes for our diplomatic representatives at foreign capitals. This organization further pledges itself to use its influence with our representatives in the Senate and the House in the interest of such measures as will tend to accomplish the purposes of the American Embassy Association. Winchester Commercial Club By Lewis R. Hampton, Secretary Resolution adopted by the New Orleans, La., Board of Trade, Ltd. Whereas, the United States is far behind the other great nations of the world in providing accommodations for its ambassadors in foreign countries; and, Whereas, the American Embassy Association is working to promote and encourage the acquisi- tion by the United States government of perma- nent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capi- tals; and, Whereas, American embassies mean better foreign business; Be It Resolved, that embassies, creditable to this great country, should be acquired by the United States government to suitably house its ambassadors, and sufHcient appropriations be made by Congress for this purpose. Be it Further Resolved, that the New Orleans Board of Trade, Limited, is in accord with the movement of the American Embassy Association, and gives its hearty endorsement thereto. C. H. Ellis, President H. S. Herring, Secretary Endorsement of the New Orleans, La., Commercial Law League of America The New Orleans, La., Commercial Law Lea- gue of America has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Resolution adopted by the New Orleans, La., Progressive Union Whereas, it is a notorious fact that the estab- lishments of American embassies abroad are in- adequate in size, character and pretension and a reflection upon the dignity and greatness of the American nation, and Whereas, the American Embassy Association has undertaken to convince Congress of the ab- solute necessity and desirability of government ownership of homes of American ambassadors abroad, be it therefore Resolved, that the New Orleans Progressive Union, in general meeting assembled on this day, December 17, 1909, do heartily and unanimously endorse the object and efforts of the American Embassy Association and join in their appeal to Congress, as above stated. ^ ' New Orleans Progressive Union (Signed) Philip Werlein, President Attest, (Signed) M. B. Trezevant, Secretary-Manager Resolution adopted by the Annapolis, Md., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, it is a matter of note that the quar- ters occupied by the representatives of the United States government in the diplomatic service abroad are a disgrace to the government and its citizens; and Whereas, it is possible to provide suitable establishments ' for all our representatives in foreign countries at comparatively small cost when the dignity of the country is taken into consideration. Therefore, Be It Resolved, that the Cham- ber of Commerce of Annapolis, Maryland, heartily approves of the efforts being made by the American Embassy Association to obtain suitable embassies for the American consular service and requests the senators and repre- sentatives from Maryland in the Congress of the United States to use their best endeavors to obtain the passage of House Bill 21491. And Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of this resolution and preamble be transmitted to the members of Congress from the state of Maryland. Wm. E. Feldmeyer, President Harry L. Brewer, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Baltimore, Md., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, it is now the policy of the United States of America to require of its representa- tives at foreign courts, that they provide resi- dences from their private funds, be it Resolved, that the Baltimore Chamber of Commerce favors such legislation as will look to the proper uniform housing of our embassies at government expense. Baltimore Chamber of Commerce Jas. B. Hessong, Secretary Endorsement of the Baltimore, Md., Merchants and Manufacturers Association The Baltimore, Md., Merchants and Manu- facturers Association has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. 97 British (onsuhit... Dalny, M.nulmria Russian Consulale. Dalny, Manchuria BflKum Consulate, Batavia, Java French Consulate and Residence, Balavia, Java Japanese Consulate atul Residence, Batavia, Java 98 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued Resolution adopted by the Haverhill, Mass., Board of Trade At a meeting of this board held October 11th, 1910, it was unanimously resolved: That the Haverhill Board of Trade endorse, honestly, earnestly and emphatically the work of the American Embassy Association . in trying to obtain legislation to procure and own suitable residences for the representatives of the U. S. in foreign countries. A. M. Child, Secretary Endorsement of the Lynn, Mass., Board of Trade The Lynn, Mass., Board of Trade has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not' been received. Resolution adopted by the Pittsfield, Mass., Board of Trade Resolved, that the directors of the Pittsfield Board of Trade are in favor of having such offices and residences for the ambassadors and consuls of the United States to other countries as shall be suitable and proper to preserve the dignity of this country without ostentation; and are in favor of bringing this result about either by pay- ment of such salaries to our ambassadors and consuls as will insure this result, or if the result can be obtained without undue taxation, by hav- ing the United States provide such offices and residences. Resolution adopted by the Worcester, Mass., Board of Trade At the regular meeting of the directors of the Worcester Board of Trade held Thursday, November 10, 1910, it was Voted that the directors of the Worcester Board of Trade endorse the work of the American Embassy Association. Herbert N. Davison, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Detroit, Mich., Board of Commerce Whereas, it is a well understood fact, attested by the most eminent of our foreign ministers, that the diplomatic service of the United States is handicapped by the payment of inadequate salaries and the failure to provide official quarters for our ambassadors, thus making it impossible for any statesman of moderate means to accept the position of ambassador to any of the promin- ent capitals of the world, and imposing upon any one who accepts such positions large expenditure from his private funds and wearisome search for suitable embassy quarters; therefore, be it Resolved, that the Detroit Board of Com- merce favors the construction or purchase by Congressional appropriation in all the leading capitals of the world of embassy buildings suit- able to the official needs of its representatives abroad, and adequate to the maintenance of the dignity and standing of the nation; and the pay- ment of salaries corresponding to those paid by foreign nations of equal rank. Detroit Board of Commerce Norman Flowers, Acting Secretary Grand Rapids, Mich., Board of Trade American Embassy Association, 505 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Gentlemen : I am in receipt of your circular letter again re- questing that this organization, as a member of your association, take up with the senators and congressmen for Michigan, to vote for House Bill 15814 (which number I note you have changed to 22312). On consulting my ffies, I am surprised to find that I evidently forgot to advise you that in ac- cordance with your previous request I laid the matter before our Board of Directors and they unanimously authorized me to act according to your wishes. We were gratified to receive prompt and favorable responses from almost every one of them. Trusting this is satisfactory, I remain. Respectfully yours, (Signed) Clarence A. Cotton, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Saginaw, Mich., Board of Trade Be It Resolved, that the Saginaw Board of Trade heartily endorse the movement of the American Emliassy Association in their efforts to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambas- sadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that we urge upon the senators and representatives from Michigan the passage of the bill providing for homes for American ambassadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the president of the Ameri- can Embassy Association in New York City and to the senators and representatives from Michigan. Saginaw Board of Trade By W. S. Linton, President F. F. Kleinfeld, Secretary The Commercial Club of Minneapolis, Minn. The Public Affairs Committee of the Commer- cial Club, after giving careful consideration to the project devised by the American Embassy 99 lifitish I>c^:ili..li, Mrxinj (iU, M.-xico |.'r,.,i,-l, r .„-,i; , M ,", M • ' ,. T ,■ ■>, • ' Kll'll Li'M^lll'iu, AhxRci ( ily, Mexico I. cniiaii LcfTiihon, iMexicii Cilv, Mexico Italian LegaUorc Mcx„o Cty, Mexico ' Cathclral of the City ot Mexico 100 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued Association, calling for the ownership by the United States of residences in foreign capitals, unanimously approved the same and directed me to write you, asking you to give your support to any reasonable measure which may come before you, looking to the carrying out of such project. Yours truly, (Signed) W. G. Nye, Commissioner The above mailed to all IVFinnesota congress- men and senators. Endorsement of the Vicksburg, Miss., Progressive League The Vicksburg, Miss., Progressive League has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Commercial Club of Saint Paul, Minn. The Board of Directors of the Commercial Club of Saint Paul at their regular meeting to-day unanimously voted to pass the following resolu- tions : Be It Resolved, that the Commercial Club of Saint Paul heartily endorses the movement of the American Embassy Association in their efforts to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambas- sadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that we urge upon the senators and representatives from Minnesota the passage of the bill now before the Congress of the United States, which provides for homes for American ambassadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the president of the Ameri- can Embassy Association in New York City and to the senators and representatives from Minne- sota. (Signed) W. L. Seeley, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Winona, Minn., Merchants and Business Men's Association At the regular monthly meeting of the Board of Directors of our association held last evening, it was voted that this association is in favor of the work of the American Embassy Association, and wishes to co-operate with that association in the work they are doing. Leo H. Bierce, General Secretary Natchez, Miss., Chamber of Commerce Mr. W. P. Stewart offered a resolution recom- mending the passage by Congress of the bill now before the House to furnish suitable residences for United States embassies abroad. He said that, on two occasions, when he was in Europe, he was very much ashamed to see the second rate apartments in which soine of the American embassies were housed, while minor nations have beautiful residences for their ministers. The resolution, calling upon Congressman Dickson to vote for the bill, was adopted. Resolution adopted by the Brunswick, Missouri, Commercial Club x\t the regular monthly meeting of the Commer- cial Club of the city of Brunswick held on the 27th day of October, 1910, the following resolu- tion was presented by Hon. Louis Benecke, and after debate and consideration thereof was adopted by unanimous vote — to wit: Resolved, by this club, that we are convinced that the United States' best interests are advanced by having patriotic statesmen and scholars to represent this government as ambassadors at foreign nations, that the financial condition of the appointees should not qualify or disqualify the ambassador, but knowledge, experience and full appreciation of the great principles upon which this republic rests should be prerequisite, and in order that well qualified men, though not mil- lionaires, may be appointed to these positions, it follows that a respectable domicile for our representatives should be provided for them by the national government. Therefore, we request our representatives in Congress to favor an enactment authorizing the purchase by our government of suitable and per- manent homes for our ambassadors, ministers and consuls in foreign capitals. Further Resolved, that a copy of this reso- lution be forwarded to U. S. senators and our representatives in Congress, the Hon. Wm. Warner, Wm. J. Stode and W. W. Rucker. A true copy: Jerome Dearing, Secretary Endorsement of the Kansas City, Mo., American Merchants and Manufacturers Association The Kansas City, Mo., American Merchants and Manufacturers Association has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolu- tion has not been received. Endorsement of the Kansas City, Mo., Bar Association The Kansas City, Mo., Bar Association has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. 101 Paseo "'-j^:^' „,„,,,,,,, s,. ,...t..,.s.,urg, R,.sia Gen nan Embassy, St. Petersburg, Russia Chinese Embassy, SI. I'elersburg, Russia (■tersDur^, Russia „ Italian Embassy, St. Petersl^urg, Russia 118 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued Resolution adopted by the Memphis, Tenn., Merchants Exchange Whereas, a large number of the leading com- mercial organizations of the United States have endorsed the efforts of the American Embassy Association to promote and encourage .the acqui- sition by the national government of permanent homes for its ambassadors, ministers and consuls in foreign capitals; and, Whereas, President Taft in his last message to Congress strongly advocates this, therefore, be it Resolved, that the Board of Directors of the Memphis Merchants Exchange by unanimous vote, favor the position taken with regard to this matter by the president and favor the passage of a bill at the present session of Congress to ac- complish this purpose. Memphis Merchants Exchange W. N. Graves, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Brady, Texas, Commercial Club Be It Resolved, that the Commercial Club of Brady, Texas, unanimously endorse the inten- tions and actions of the American Embassy Asso- ciation in their great efforts to secure for our ambassadors permanent homes in the foreign capitals of the world. Be It Further Resolved, that we urge our own congressmen in the House of Representatives and our U. S. senators to assist in the passage of such a bill as will provide for these homes for our foreign embassies. S. S. Graham, President Commercial Club D. R. Hardison, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Del Rio, Texas, Commercial Club At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Commercial Club of Del Rio, Texas, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, that the Commercial Club of Del Rio is in favor and heartily endorses the move- ment of the American Embassy Association in its efforts to promote and encourage the acquisi- tion by the United States of permanent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that we urge our senators and representatives from Texas to sup- port a bill in Congress along the lines of the Low- den Bill, lately defeated. Fred I. Meyers, Secretary Resolution adopted by the El Paso, Texas, Chamber of Commerce Be It Resolved, that the Chamber of Com- merce of El Paso, Texas, heartily endorses the movement of the American Embassy Association in their efforts to provide adequate and dignified accommodations for United States ambassadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that our senators and representatives from the state of Texas be urged to support the passage of the bill now before Congress, providing for the purchase or erection of embassy, legation and consular buildings abroad. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the American Em- bassy Association in New York City and to the senators and representatives from Texas. C. A. Kinne, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Houston, Texas, Business League Be It Resolved, that the Houston Business League heartily endorses the movement of the American Embassy Association in their efforts to promote and encourage the acquisition by the United States of permanent homes for its ambas- sadors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that we urge upon the senators from Texas the passage of the bill now before the Congress of the United States, which provides for homes for American ambassa- dors in foreign capitals. Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the president of the Ameri- can Embassy Association in New York City and to the senators from Texas. Adolph Boldt, Secretary Resolution adopted by the Laredo, Texas, Board of Trade Whereas, American diplomatic and consular representatives abroad are not provided with buildings either adequate to actual needs or befitting the prestige of representatives of this great country, especially as compared with accommodations provided by other great nations for the use of their representatives, and Whereas, a bill at present pending in Congress and known as the Lowden Bill purposes the pur- chase by the United States of suitable embassies for her diplomats, the Laredo Board of Trade hereby Resolves, to take cognizance of the pressing need of more commodious quarters for our foreign diplomats and will, therefore, instruct the repre- sentative in Congress from this district to use his best efforts in support of the said bill, and it is Furthermore Resolved, that the Laredo Board of Trade commends the patriotic work being carried on by the American Embassy Asso- ciation and hopes that the work will be carried on to a successful conclusion. 119 Japanese Embassy, St. Petersburg, Russia Spanish Embassy, St. Petersburg, Russia Turkish Embassy, St. Petersburg, Russia British and French Consulates, Vladivostok, Russia Japanese Consulate, Madivostok, Russia 120 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Resolutions of Chambers of Commerce and Other Organizations — Continued Resolution adopted by the Port Arthur, Texas, Board of Trade Resolved, that the Port Arthur Board of Trade is in hearty accord with the objects and methods of the American Embassy Association, deeming it of importance that our ambassadors abroad should be housed suitably to the dignity of the country they represent, in a manner equal to that of siinilar diplomats of other nations, and at the government's expense in order that capable men of limited means may accept the post of ambassador, and we respectfully urge the United States government an early appropri- ation for the purpose. Port Arthur Board oe Trade O. Owen, Secretary Resolution adopted by the San Antonio, Texas, Chamber of Commerce Resolved, that it is the sense of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce of San Antonio, Texas, that the United States govern- ment should provide suitable buildings for the use of the American ambassadors as residences and offices. Further, that this Board of Directors endorses the efforts of the American Embassy Association to secure this desired result. San Antonio Chamber of Commerce, Per John B. Carrington, Secretary^ Resolution adopted by the Rutland, Vermont, Improvement League I have the pleasure to inform you that the Rutland Improvement League of this city heartily commends and cordially approves the efforts now being made by your association of procuring legis- lation to establish suitable residences abroad for the ambassadors and ministers of the greatest and best country on the face of the globe. Geo. A. Hally, President Fred A. Field, Secretary Endorsement of the Norfolk, Va., Board of Trade and Business Men's Association The Norfolk, Va., Board of Trade and Busi- ness Men's Association has duly endorsed the work of the American Embassy Association, but at the time of going to press formal resolution has not been received. Richmond, Va., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, at a meeting of citizens of Richmond on December 23d, 1909, resolutions were adopted advocating the government ownership of its em- bassies in foreign capitals, and requesting the Richmond Chamber of Commerce to take such action as it might find proper in the premises. Therefore, Resolved, that the chamber, in general meeting assembled, heartily approves of the government ownership of its embassies, as a necessity for the proper conduct of our diplomatic service and for the maintenance of the honor of the nation and of its just influence in interna- tional affairs, and That we urge the honorable members of the Senate and House of Representatives from Virginia to do all in their power to accomplish this end. The Richmond Chamber of Commerce Richmond, Va., Chamber of Commerce At a meeting held under the auspices of the Richmond Chamber of Commerce in the Jefferson Auditorium, December 23d, 1909, to discuss the government ownership of embassies, after ad- dresses by the mayor of the city of Richmond, Mr. E. Clarence Jones, Mr. Frederick Townsend Martin, respectively president and vice-presi- dent of the American Embassy Association, and other speakers, the following resolution, offered by Mr. John Skelton Williams, was unanimously adopted : Resolved, that it is the sense of this meeting of citizens of Richmond that the United States should acquire permanent homes for its ambassa- dors in foreign capitals, and that the Richmond Chamber of Commerce be requested to take such action as it may find proper to urge upon Congress the necessary action. The Richmond Chamber of Commerce Resolution adopted by the Roanoke, Va., Chamber of Commerce Whereas, the United States of America as a nation is not creditably represented in foreign countries from the standpoint of homes for its diplomatic representatives; and. Whereas, the American Embassy Association, Mr. E. Clarence Jones, president, has for its purpose, "to promote and encoiirage the acquisi- tion by the United States of permanent homes for its ambassadors in foreign capitals;" therefore. Be It Resolved, that the Chamber: of Com- merce of Roanoke, Virginia, does hereby, in membership mass meeting assembled, heartily approve of the work of the American Embassy Association to the end that better representation may be secured for the American nation abroad, meaning better commercial and governmental relations and tending toward world peace. W. L. Shafer, Secretary 121 Austrian <' News 11 Times ■■ T™'^^ Port Huron MINNESOTA J°"''"a' Minneapolis. Tribune ■< ^^^P'^tcb St. Paul News It Pioneer Press <■ MISSOURI Globe & Commercial Advertiser Kansas City Journal i< ' MISSOVm— Continued Mail Kansas Ctiy Post Star " Times " Gazette St. Joseph Globe-Democrat , St. Louis Post-Dispatch " Republic •• Star Times Westlicht-Post NEBRASKA Herald Fremont Bee Omaha News ._ " World-Herald. . . .' , " NEW JERSEY Enterprise Burlington Advertiser Gloucester Journal Jersey City Record Long Branch News Newark Press Pleasantville NEW YORK Herald Binghamton Citizen Brooklyn Eagle Standard-Union Times " ^^''Press Buffalo Commercial " Engineer News Times •• Standard Fishkill Greater New York Star. . .Long Island City Freeman...., Kingston Union Newburgh American New York City Commercial " Courrier des Etats-Unis ... Globe •' Herald " Journal of Commerce Jewish Morning Journal ... Globe & Commercial Adver- tiser Mail Post Press •! Sun 11 Morning Telegraph Tribune " World Wall Street Journal J*^"™' Ogdensburg ^""S^" Poughkeepsie Post-Standard Syracuse f the Movement NEW YORK— Continued Budget. , Troy Observer Utica Press Standard Watertown News Yonkers Statesman Western New Yorker Warsaw NORTH DAKOTA Tribune Bismarck OHIO Commercial-Tribune Cincinnati Enquirer Post Times Leader Cleveland Plain Dealer News Columbus Times Toledo OKLAHOMA Oklahomian Oklahoma City OREGON Morning Register Eugene Capital Journal Salem PENXSYLVAXIA Gazette Altoona Mirror Courier Connellsville Dispatch Erie Inquirer Philadelphia Item North American Press Public Ledger Record Telegraph Times Chronicle-Telegraph Pittsburg Dispatch Gazette-Times Index Post Press Sun RHODE ISLAND Journal Providence Tribune " SOUTH CAROLINA Deutsche Zeitung Charleston News-Courier Post State Columbia Daily Piedmont Greenville .TENNESSEE Commercial Appeal Memphis American Nashville TEXAS .El Paso VERMONT News -. . .Burlington Caledonian St. Johnsbury VIRGINIA Landmark Norfolk Journal Richmond News-Leader " Times-Dispatch " WASHINGTON Times Seattle WISCONSIN Gazette Janesville Eagle Star Marinette Free Press Milwaukee Journal " News Sentinel Wisconsin MEXICO Herald City of Mexico Monterey ENGLAND Post Liverpool American Register London Express London Cork Examiner Mail " The News of The World " Post Sketch Standard Telegraph FRANCE Herald Paris GERMANY ( 'ontinental Times Berlin Daily Record Dresden IRELAND Irish Independent Dublin SCOTLAND Advertiser Dundee MAGAZINES Alcolm Magazine New York City American Exporter Bohemian Magazine Deposit, N. Y. Burr Mcintosh's Monthly . . New York Cit\' Bellman Magazine Minneapolis, Minn. Central Christian Advocate . . Kan. City, Mo. Century New York City Christian Work Collier's Weekly Cosmopolitan Everybody's Magazine The Gothaniite New York City Green's Fruit Grower Rochester, N. Y. MAGAZINES— Continued Hampton's Magazine New York City Harper's Weekly " House Beautiful Magazine .... Chicago, 111. Independent New York City Judge " Keith's Magazine Minneapolis, Minn. Ladies' Home Journal . . Philadelphia, Pa. Leslie's Weekly New York City Lippincott's Monthly Philadelphia, Pa. Nation New York City National Home Journal St. Louis, Mo. National Magazine Boston, Mass. North American Review . . . New York City Northwest Journal of Education, Seattle, Wash. Pacific Monthly Portland, Ore. People's Popular Monthly. Des Moines, la. Pictorial Review New York City Popular Mechanics Chicago, 111. Putnam's Magazine New York City School Education Minneapolis, Minn. School News.'. Taylor ville, 111. Short Stories Magazine .... New York City Society " Success " Successful Farming Des Moines, la. Sunshine Bulletin New York City To-Day's Magazine Warren, Pa. Town Topics New York City Uncle Sam's Magazine " Women's Magazine St. Louis, Mo. World's Work New York City Yale Scientific Monthly . . New Haven, Conn. Newspapers Not in Favor of the Movement COLORADO Telegraph Colorado Springs IOWA Journal , Creston KANSAS Tribune & Monitor Fort Scott MASSACHUSETTS Republican Springfield MONTANA Miner Butte NEW YORK Journal New York City Times " Express Buffalo OHIO Journal Columbus PEXXSYLVANIA Bulletin Philadelphia (irnn;iii J^ru;i 1 mii, Itrrij, S\\ itzri'lanil Aii-lri:iTi Klrll)a>^\^ < nn-lanliiin|ilc 'rnrkcy 138 British C(insiilah\ liatiilad TmkrN- mI. Tiu-koy Hi-lgiati LcgalK.ii, (■..ll^lalltlll,,l)l^. 'I'lirk.'v AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The Voice of the Press — Continued The post has become one for rich men only, and it is often made an opportunity for display which is neither American nor dignified. Francis Benjamin Johnston, in Harper's Weekly: Our national importance in the eyes of foreign people is measured by the condition in which we maintain our regularly accredited representa- tives. New York Herald: It is pure patriotism; nothing else. New York Herald: The American Embassy office in Berlin is a good sample- of the kind at which the flag of the United States flies in many countries. In accord- ance with the general rule it is upstairs over a shop. In the entrance hall floats the odor of boiled beef and onions which comes from a base- ment kitchen. New York Herald: The men who formed the association beHeve that the United States should provide in foreign capitals houses suitable for the residences of its ambassadors and oflnces worthy of the dignity of the American nation. If the experience of suc- cessful business men can devise a way in which this can be brought about it is going to be done. St. Petersburg Correspondent, New York Herald: The need of an embassy building is more keenly felt here than elsewhere in Europe. The prestige of the embassy is dependent on the manner m which it is housed. New York Nation: We are glad to note the activity of the American Embassy Association, whose object is to urge the acquisition by the government of suitable houses for its ambassadors in foreign capitals. Nation, New York City: It is a highly commendable move to try to keep open the door of diplomatic preferment to capable American citizens who do not happen to be rich. New York Press: That the people of this country who have studied the subject would vote for ownership ])y the United States of its embassies is well known. Success Magazine, New York City: The consequence of our niggardly policy to- wards our ambassadors has been, not that demo- cratic and dignified simplicity which we love to think American, but either unworthy quarters, or too often the appointment of wealthy men to the position. Our commercial firms do not hesi- tate to build themselves suitable quarters m the European capitals. Would it be less businesslike for so large and well known a concern as the United States of America, Unhmited, to do likewise? New York Sun: The association intends to present facts to the American people that will cause them to see that our embassy and legation quarters are owned by the government. New York Sun: Under present conditions American ;i,mbassa- dorships must be reserved for rich men. A sort of provincial feeling that a foreign representative needs to be kept on short allowance of money lest he get too big for his breeches, and forget that he is the hired man of a free and independent people, who really do not need to follow older diplomatic fashions, but can force the rest of the world to follow our lead. It is, in part, a surly protest against an international code of good manners, as needlessly burdensome and confining. The next few years will probably see a change in public sentiment, for the logic of the case is not to be escaped. New York Sun: The present inadequacy of accommodation is palpable to e^'ery American who has lived or traveled abroad. New York Times: Sooner or later the example of other nations must be followed. Berlin Correspondent, New York Times: The New York Times has reason to know that the American government's lack of a suitable home of its own in Berlin, such as those which have long been maintained by England, France, Russia and Austria, and latterly even by lesser powers like Italy and Spain, has been a subject of comment most unflattering to the United States in the German official and diplomatic world. Germans who give their ambassador in Washing- ton a magnificent house, a staff of servants, motor cars, and a salary of $31,500 a year, with entertainment funds in addition, cannot under- stand why America's billion-dollar Congress declines to set up in Berlin an establishment which would not cost more than the Federal building in some small Western American city. Town Topics, New York City: The United States must have fitting residences provided by the people for its representatives in foreign countries. Town Topics, New York City: I am confident that every American who has given this subject any thought will recognize its pressing importance. 139 British Consulate, Constaiitinuple, Turkey British Kml,-,cv,. ( ■ ,„ ,f f i t^ i -n , ,,•' , , ,, . '""-'^1 JjinUiissy, LdnstantUKjple, Turkey I'rench (onsulate, Constantinople, Turkey French Embassy, Constantinople, Turkey German Embassy, Constantmople. Turkey 140 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The Voice of the Press — Continued Town Topics, New York City : It is difficult for anyone not familiar with the attitude of foreigners towards the diplomatic representatives of other nations accredited to their countries, to realize at what a disadvantage this non-ownership of its own embassies or lega- tions places the United States. Uncle Sam's Magazine, New York City: How can we expect our representatives abroad to be treated with equal respect as those of other countries when the very houses they live in invite invidious comparisons? It is just as im- portant for the envoys representing our govern- ment and our people to be housed in a manner befitting the wealth and power of our country as it is for the president of the United States to have his White House. Wall Street Journal, New York City: While Uncle Sam is putting out a $397,000,000 bond issue, could he not make it an even $400,- 000,000 and devote the balance to the establish- ment of better quarters for his representatives in foreign lands? Surely the maintenance of dignity is worth something. New York World: Men of ability, lacking riches, cannot represent this country in present conditions. Ogdensburg (N. Y.) Journal: The fact that the United States government has never provided its representatives at foreign courts with residences, even modest in character, has for years proved a serious drawback to the proper workings of American diplomacy. Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Eagle: The purpose of the association is surely worthy of support, for there is no good reason why the richest country in the world should provide the meanest quarters of any country for its representatives in foreign lands. Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Eagle: One of the results of our present policy has been that only very rich men as a rule are willing to accept the position of foreign minister. This ought not to be so. Syracuse (N. Y.) Post- Standard: Senators cannot bring themselves to the ex- treme of abolishing offices which have stood so long, even though they are sinecures. Yet the United States cannot afford to buy eml)assy buildings. Utica (N. Y.) Observer: It is generally admitted that at present our ambassadors are not paid salaries large enough to defray the cost of maintaining the embassies in a style befitting the richest country in the world. This difficulty will be largely remedied when the United States owns its own embassies. Utica (N. Y.) Daily Press: The United States really ought to be ashamed of itself for the way it treats its foreign ambassa- dors by reason of its failure to provide suitable embassies for their occupancy at European capitals. Utica (N. Y.) Daily Press: The American Embassy Association purposes are certainly commendable. Why under the sun the government has not followed the example set by other nations in this respect long ago is past understanding. Bismarck (N. D.) Tribune: It is to the shame of this nation that Congress has procrastinated so long. Cleveland (Ohio) Leader: If the ambassador be a multi-millionaire, why, of course, he can afford to hire a palace, which he does as soon as he can lay hands on one. If he isn't, he is lucky to get a flat. Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer: Let us have government-owned embassies tenanted by statesmen. Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer: All that should be needed to bring about the desirable reform is an organized movement such as that which has been undertaken by the Ameri- can Embassy Association. Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer: To provide embassies would be an important step toward the regeneration of the American diplomatic service. Columbus (Ohio) News: It is important that the government should house its servants in foreign fields and should do it in a manner "suitable" to our form of govern- ment, not suitable for vulgar display or in a social mansion whereat nobility may stare in awe and marvel at the cost. It should be "suitable" to house men of brain and purpose. Nothing less and nothing more. Altoona (Pa.) Gazette: It is a crying shame that our ambassadors ha^'c to be chosen mainly because of great wealth. Altoona (Pa.) Mirror: Object is a good one. The Mirror approves of the association. Erie (Pa.) Dispatch: Among world powers the United States ranks at the top in wealth and influence and therefore it is necessary for our ambassadors to maintain official headquarters on a par with those of Eng- land, France, Germany and the others. 141 Cii-criiiu Lc'fiation. ( 'i.ii,vtanliiMJ|ili'. 'I'lirkcy lliilinii l'",iiiliii.ss\ , (/(inslaiitiiinpli-, Tui-kry Swt'ilish Lt'^aiioii, < 'iin^l.iiiliiioplt-, Turkey I'lillisli Siiniiiiri' Eiiiliassy, ( \ii]slaiili)i(i|ili', Turkey French Suiiiiiier Kiiiliassy, (/iiiistaiitiiinplc, 'I'lirkey 14'-2 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The Voice of the Press — Continued Philadelphia (Pa.) Bulletin: Valid argument fan be urged in behalf of the national ownership of edifices to house the ac- credited spokesmen of the United States abroad. Philadelphia (Pa.) Bulletin: Possibly modest houses in the leading Eurojiean capitals for our ambassadors, and owned })y the United States, would not be objected to l)y any great number of Americans. There will, however, be decided opposition to any imitation to the pomp of foreign states. Philadelphia (Pa.) Inquirer: The "Black Coat Circular" has gone into in- nocuous desuetude and the millionaire sits in embassies rented at double the amount of Jiis salary and the country is getting along \ery well. But it is a shame, nevertheless. Philadelphia (Pa.) Inquirer: If a representati\'e or a senator is unable to understand the exceedingly mean figure that is cut l\v the United States in foreign capitals when its ambassador is obliged to spend his yearly salary in providing this great country with a roof over its official head, then his case is hopeless. If the ambassador is an object of derision, if the United States is the object of contemptuous re- marks by all the little whipsnappers and incon- spicuous hangers-on of diplomacy who have been better provided for, the fault lies in the Congress of this great country. Rich and powerful as we are as a nation, we belittle our own dignity and that of our representatives by refusing to estab- lish permanent headquarters where the Stars and Stripes may ever fly. Philadelphia (Pa.) Item: As the American Embassy Association well says, all ambassadors should reside in permanent homes owned by the government. It is not right for one ambas.sador to live in a palace and his successor in a flat. Philadelphia (Pa.) North American: Almost on the eve of an American being the recipient of the highest honors Emperor Wilhelm can show a distinguished guest, the announcement was made that the residence of our ambassador, Mr. Hill, in Bismarck Strassc, was to be taken away from him by his German landlord. The official representative of the nation so signally honored in Colonel Roosevelt's person, was ordered out of the offic'ial American residence as summarily as any other landless tenant is due to be "fired" when his lease expires. The inci- dent has been the most emphatic slap in the face which our national policy of disdaining to own our own embassies has ever sustained; and all we can do is grin pohtely and turn the other cheek. Philadelphia (Pa.) Press: The Senate of the United States and the House of Representatives might fairly be depended upon to deal with the problem in their own good time. Philadelphia (Pa.) North American: Does our iVmerican plan of intrusting the lease of our embassies al^road to the private resources of our ambassadors conduce to snobbery? E. Clarence Jones and Frederick Townsend Martin, president and vice-president, respectively, of the American Embas.sy Association, think that it does, and — the one prominent in banking circles, while the other is recognized as a leader in American society — have dedicated themselves to the work of bringing about permanent reform. It is, however, a reform far greater than that of mere manners in our embassies, for both these gentlemen are explicit in their denials of criticism as directed against any individual ambassador, and define the conditions as they exist rather as a stiite of tendency than of accomplished fact. It is as though the present state of American affairs abroad worked first to debar from diplomacy the best of American brains, and then operated to work havoc with the character of a seraph. Not, of course, that any American seraphim ha\'e been entertaining Europe unawares; but our system would deteriorate the first fledglings of "God's country," if we were to ship them over there. The prime objects of this very earnest and ener- getic campaign, now being conducted by the American Embassy Association, are, first, the insuring of our national dignity abroad, and then the increase of our national trade. But hand in hand with those two purposes goes the ambition to open all ambassadorial posts to Americans of distinguished ability, irrespective of their wealth. It could be done, they say, for a cheap httle $3,000,000. Pittsburg (Pa.) Dispatch: If the government owned permanent residences in the capitals abroad, ambassadors and minis- ters could be selected for their intellect and ability rather than their pocketbooks and the country would be correspondingly the gainer. Pittsburg (Pa.) Gazette-Times: It is to be hoped Congress will see its way clear to taking this forward step and removing a long- standing source of reproach to this prosperous nation. Pittsburg (Pa.) Gazette -Times: A chief disadvantage of the present system is the frequent change of address of the ambassador. 143 iimimor KuiljMs.sy, Coiistanlinoplc, Turkey u,,^ ; a ,- , . ,, , A-U-ia,, oi.ulat... Sal,„i:' t;:^v""'"'' '''"'""^'' ^--t-t'-Pl'^. Turkey ^ariau Cunsulate, Salonika, Turkey ' t.' ^ r, ^ I'reiicli Consulate, Salonika, Turkey Gernian Sununer Kmljassy, < 'oJistanlinojile, Turkey Bulg, 144 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The Voice of the Press — Continued One diplomatic representative will live in a pal- ace, his successor may occupy a flat or a few rooms in a second-class hotel. Pittsburg (Pa.) Press: The United States should buy or build embassy buildings of a character suitable for one of the greatest of world powers. It is not fair or decent to expect ambfissadors to assume this public expense. The system is hardly even honest, and when the people once appreciate its mischievous tendencies they will force Congress to take such action as the American Embassy Association demands. Pittsburg (Pa.) Gazette-Times: The representative of the United States should be able to live in a manner befitting the import- ance of the nation. Pittsburg (Pa.) Gazette-Times: This nation should not permanently establish a condition which of necessity bars a poor man from the diplomatic field. Pittsburg (Pa.) Gazette-Times: It is our proud boast, and not at all improper, that following the Spanish war the United States took its position as a world power of the first dimension. Having assumed such a place in the family of nations it is necessary that we shall live up to it. It is time to lay aside the ultra- conservatism and rigid simplicity of earlier days. They have taught a useful lesson and made the impression sought by the fathers, but, having served their purpose, may well yield to modern necessities. Pittsburg (Pa.) Chronicle-Telegraph: Manifestly any measure which would enable the recruiting of the diplomatic service from the aristocracy of brains as well as from the aristoc- racy of wealth would be to the advantage of the nation. Pittsburg (Pa.) Dispatch: A permanent and worthy establishment is an . advertisement for the country. Pittsburg (Pa.) Index: President Taft, before the National Board of Trade in Washington this week, declared that it is a shame that nobody but a millionaire could afford to accept a post as ambassador. It cer- tainly does make this country look like plutocracy instead of a democracy. Pittsburg (Pa.) Evening Post: The fact remains that the final and definite test of the ambassador ought to be his ability. And so, if the purchasing of ambassadorial resi- dences will help to put the selection on the basis of brains rather than gold alone, a movement to that end ought to be pushed along. Providence (R. I.) Tribune: The American Embassy Association, after dis- closing a regrettable' state of affairs in all the European capitals will be all the more sympa- thetically received at home. Charleston (S. C.) Deutsche-Zeitung: The necessity of United States embassies that should reflect credit upon the greatest nation on earth has been apparent, and advocating such embassies has been our hobby. We heartily approve of it. Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier: The purpose of the association is excellent, and its accomplishment should not require really any special lobbying with the Congress at Wash- ington. For a great world, power the United St9,tes cuts a sorry flgure in diplomatic circles. Charleston (S. C.) News aijd Courier: It is hoped that the American Embassy Asso- ciation will accomplish the purpose it has in view and to this end it deserves the cordial co-opera- tion of all the people of this country. Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier: The co-operation of this community was pledged to the American Embassy Association in its work and we have not the least doubt that the senators and representatives from South Carolina will give their support to any reasonable effort that may be made to improve our foreign service. Charleston (S. C.) News and Courier: The News and Courier has been urging for a good many years better provision for the repre- sentatives of this country in foreign lands. It is hoped that the American Embassy Association will accomphsh the purpose it has in view, and to this end it deserves the cordial co-operation of all the people of this country. Charleston (S. C.) Evening Post: It has been very rightly argued that this move- ment to provide suitable residences for the Ameri- can representatives abroad is a democratic move- ment, as it proposes to establish a standard of equality in the outward appearances of the office of the American representatives in foreign parts. It should appeal convincingly to every member of ' Congress. Columbia (S. C.) States: So long, however, as a country finds it necessary to be represented at foreign capitals, it is undigni- fied and unjust to expect the representatives to pay the greater part of their own expenses. Memphis (Tenn.) Commercial Appeal: We have been derelict in supplying our foreign diplomats with suitable homes. It is an impres- sive indication of the importance of the diplo- 145 German Consulate-, Salonika, Turkey ^ Austrian Consulate, Smyrna, Turkey Belgian Consulate, Smyrna, lurkey British Consulate, Smyrna, Turkey French Consulate, Smyrna, 1 urkey 146 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The Voice of the Press — Continued matic service. France has reminded Washington that It Is time for us to take up our foreign rela- tions with respect to securing permanent homes for our ministers abroad. Nashville (Tenn.) American: The United States is rich enough and powerful enough to buy residences and offices for Its am- bassadors and their attaches at every Important capital In the world. The American people would not object to paying the price. El Paso (Texas) — : It would be Impossible to convince a foreigner that a nation which spends $1,000,000,000 a year in Its national budget, cannot afford to spend a few thousands now and then for residences for Its ambassadors abroad. Richmond (Va.) News-Leader: Good luck to the American Embassy Associa- tion. The purpose Is to arouse public interest In the demand that our government purchase and own residences for its ministers and ambassadors at foreign capitals. In present conditions our representatives abroad are laughing stocks. Seattle (Wash.) Times: At present the United States Is the poor pos- sessor of one embassy building in Constantinople. The rest of them are hired — by the ambassadors. Janesville (Wis.) Gazette: Congress Is Indifferent to the requirements of the situation, and the nation Is being humiliated through this indifference. Marinette (Wis.) Eagle: We are glad to know that measures are being taken to create a wholesome pubhc sentiment In favor of a proper representation of the govern- ment abroad. Milwaukee (Wis.) Free Press: Either the American ambassador lives In hotels or In' a palace, and In either instance is Inaccessible to the average traveling American. Milwaukee (Wis.) News: It would be more becoming to our pretensions of democratic simplicity If Congress should place the service upon a basis where the possession of wealth should not be the first essential required to qualify a citizen for diplomatic office. Milwaukee (Wis.) Sentinel: Enable presidents to select the best man and not be forced to take money instead of brains when selecting ambassadors. Herald, City of Mexico, Mexico: The democratic idea Is, in the case of a repub- lic, to make It possible for a citizen of moderate means, who Is fitted for high diplomatic position, to accept a foreign post, and to live like a gentle- man. London (England) American Register: None but the very rich can pay the rentals of houses suitable to the dignity of an American ambassador. None realize this fact better than Americans traveling In Europe. The News of The World, London, England: Unless a very wealthy man is appointed, the United States embassy here must subside Into a very second-rate affair. Spectator, London, England: One understands and likes the traditional sim- plicity which has distinguished the practical con- duct of American diplomacy, yet American am- bassadors do live nowadays in places'llke Dor- chester House, and It would be better that their government should own them than that individ- ual ambassadors should hire them. London (England) Telegraph: The United States government, to put the mat- ter plainly, allows Its representatives abroad to pay their own house rent- Paris (France) Herald: It would enable men with such Intellectual dignity as Dr. Ehot to hold the office without facing financial ruin and the country would be the richer many times over for having such repre- sentatives at call. Paris (France) Herald: The United States government should supply homes for Its foreign representatives adequate to their position. Dublin (Ireland) Irish Independent: The United States pays Its ambassadors^ a miserable pittance, and expects them to provide an establishment which will do credit to their country, while other countries provide for their ambassadors more handsomely. 147 German Consulate, Smyrna, Turkey Roumanian Consulate, Smyrna, Turkey Swedish and Danish (.'onsuUites, Smyrna, Turkey German Consulate, Tripoli in Barbary, Africa Austrian Consuhite, Alexandria, Egypt 148 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The Voice of the Press Newspapers Not Favoring' the Movement Colorado Springs (Colo.) Telegraph: If Congress has been unwilling to heed the many powerful appeals which have been made to it in the past, if it is not prepared to house its repre- sentatives as those of other nations are domiciled, then this organization, in spite of the character and eminence of its promoters, will hardly be able to change the established policy of the government. Creston (Iowa) Journal: This is a matter that rests solely in the hands of Congress. Butte (Mont.) Miner: The nation, it is pointed out, has natural ad- vantages of position, wealth and traditions that make it unnecessary to be so attentive to pomp and circumstances as a European power. Buffalo (N. Y.) Express: As if the dignity of a republic were to be en- hanced by a show of wealth and splendor. New York Times: The subject of the purchase of embassy build- ings in foreign capitals, we believe, has fre- quently been discussed. It is an important sub- ject which requires a good deal of thought, but we doubt if men trained in the public service, who are familiar with all the problems relating to our diplomatic corps are likely to consult volun- teer opinion in the matter. New York Times: Permanent embassies may come later, when Congress sees the need of them. New York Times: In most of the foreign capitals suitable build- ings could doubtless be purchased and fitted to the purpose of the embassies at comparatively small cost. The reformation of our diplomatic service, however, is not to be secured merely by providing permanent homes for ambassadors and ministers. New York Evening Journal: If Congress wants to do anything toward regu- lating the embassies, let it send over good, level- headed American business men, pay them about $8,000 a year, let them look after business inter- ests and act as inteUigent diplomatic messenger boys. Columbus (Ohio) Journal: The erection of a $20,000 or $30,000 residence might not be objectionable, but the spirit of this purpose would not be so restrained. 149 British Consulate, Alexandria, Egypt French Consulate, Jerusalem, Palestine German Consulate, Alexandria, Egypt French Consulate, Alexandria, Egypt German Consulate, Jerusalem, Palestine 150 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Daniel Webster's Time (1851) Report of the Secretary of State, made in compliance with a resolution of the Senate calling for information as to the expediency of adopting a graduated scale of diplomatic salaries. To the Senate of the United States: The Secretary of State, in answer to the resolution of the Senate of the 31st of January, 1851, requesting him to communicate to that body "any information which he may possess, touching the expediency of adopting 'a graduated scale of diplomatic salaries,' based upon the combined considerations of the importance of the mission and the expenses of residence," has the honor to submit a copy of the circular letter on the subject which was addressed by him to the respective diplomatic representatives of the United States in foreign countries, together with a copy of their replies, so far as the same have been received at this department. A copy of a despatch under date of the 7th of November, 1850, from the minister of the United States at Paris, upon the same subject, is also herewith transmitted; and a statement of the salaries paid by the French government to its diplomatic agents in certain countries in the years 1847 and 1851, respectively, and proposed to be paid to them* in the year 1852. DANL. WEBSTER Department of State, Washington, June 26, 1853. [Circular.] Department of State, Washington, November J^, 1861. Sir: I have the honor to inform you that, on the 31st of January last, the Senate of the United States adopted a resolution in the following words : "Resolved, that the Secretary of State be requested to communicate to the Senate any information which he may possess touching the expediency of adopting 'a graduated scale of diplomatic salaries,' based upon the combined considerations of the importance of the mission and the expenses of residence." I have accordingly to request that you will, at your earliest convenience, trans- mit to this department a statement of the expenses incident to your residence in your official character at London. It is desirable that the information should be specific and accurate, in order that the department may form a correct opinion on the subject. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, DANL. WEBSTER Abbott Lawrence, Esq., &c. [The same, mutatis mutandis, to all of the diplomatic representatives of the United States in foreign countries.] [No. 146.] Legation of the United States, London, December 10, 1851. Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your circular despatch of the 4th November last, communicating to me the resolution of the Senate that the Secretary of State be requested to communicate to that body any information which he may possess touching the expediency of adopting a graduated scale of diplomatic salaries, based upon the combined considerations of the importance of the mission and the expenses of residence. You request me, in accordance with that resolution, to transmit to you a state- ment of the expenses incident to my residence in my official capacity in London. You 151 Russian Consulate, Jerusalem, Palestine Swedish Consulate, Jerusalem, Palestine Russian Consular Staff, Jerusalem, Palestine French Consulate, Aleppo, Syria 152 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Webster's Time— Continued are perhaps aware that, possessing private means, I have not been as exact in my expenses as I should have been had I been obUged to measure them by the amount of my outfit and salary. The house I occupy is in a situation central and convenient 'for a legation. It was furnished when I took it, with the exception of plate, linen and cutlery, all which I was obliged to purchase, together with some glass and china. The same would be the case probably, with any house that might be taken by a foreign minister. I have esteemed It my duty to entertain my countrymen to a moderate extent, and to maintain the hospitable courtesies of the great country which I have the honor to represent. But while I have endeavored to perform these offices without ostentation, and with an eye to judicious economy, I am free to confess that my expenses in these particulars should not be taken as a guide in fixing the salary for this mission. Therefore, without troubling you with them, I will only say, that after carefully examining the items of my expenditure, with a view to ascertain the cost of living in London in the position which the minister of the United States is obliged to occupy, I am decidedly of the opinion that the present salary is inadequate. The rent of a furnished house in London, in a convenient and proper location, would not be less than from £700 to £900 a year. Horses and carriages would cost from £225 to £250 a year. And to meet properly these and all the other expenses growing out of the position, would require, in my judgment, an annual salary of twenty thousand dollars. I deem it proper to add that my own expenses have exceeded these sums. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, ABBOTT LAWRENCE Hon. Daniel Webster, Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. [No. 59.] Legation of the United States, Paris, November 7, 1850. Sir : In the situation in which I am placed here, I feel it my duty with reference to the interests of the public service, to present to you some considerations of a prac- tical character, founded on my own experience in regard to the present arrangements of our diplomatic establishment. The total inadequacy of the pay allowed to the ministers of the United States at the two principal residences in Europe (London and Paris), to meet the necessary and unavoidable expenses of their official position, is a fact which is, I believe, univer- sally recognized. But the injury which thence results to the interests of the country, in its various relations abroad, is a thing which is not so well understood, as indeed it can only be realized in its full extent by those who are placed in a position to see and feel it. The three items alone of house-rent, fuel and carriage hire nearly absorb the whole pay of the minister here, leaving him dependent upon his private means for the ordinary subsistence and household service of his family; and if to this be added the expense of entertainments, which to a greater or less extent his position renders un- avoidable, the burden becomes insupportable to any but a man of very large private fortune, to which class few of our public men in America belong, and to which it is certainly not the policy of our institutions to confine the performance of high public trusts. "Social intercourse" with the members of the diplomatic corps, and a fortiori, with the members of the government to which he is accredited, both as a means of information and of personal influence, is expressly enjoined by the standing instructions which an American minister receives when he leaves his native shores; and yet how is 153 ^British Legation, MoQtevideo, Uruguay French Legation, Montevideo, Uruguay German Legation, Montevideo, Uruguay Italian Legation, Montevideo, Uruguay Spanish Legation, Montevideo, Uruguay 154 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Webster's Time— Continued this intercourse to be maintained on terms consistent with his self-respect, or the dignity of the country he represents, but by reciprocating from time to time the civihties and hospitaUties that are offered to him in the form which the usages of society have estabhshed. Besides the valuable effect of these mutual courtesies in smoothing the way for the transaction of more serious concerns, it is an undeniable fact in the present age of the world, that the consideration of a government abroad, and the degree to which it may be able to impress its opinions or advance its interests in the general conduct of international affairs, depends in no small degree on its social, as well as political repre- sentation in the great centres of modern civilization, letters and commerce. Paris and London are now the great centres of our international intercourse, as they are of the business and politics of the world; and in each of them the expenses of an official residence, and the variety and extent of our relations, have immeasurably increased with the progressive importance of our country, since our present diplomatic arrange- ments were established more than half a century ago. This change of circumstances requires a corresponding change in the provision made for the support of these missions, if it be intended to maintain them upon a footing of efficiency equal to their importance. The United States is the only country in the world in which the same standard of support is applied indiscriminately to all its foreign missions of the same nominal grade, without regard to their relative importance or expensiveness. In England they have a graduated scale of diplomatic salaries (and for the most part in the same rank of diplomatic service), ranging from £2,000 to £10,000, and adjusted, according to the testimony of Lord Palmerston, "upon the combined considerations of the importance of the mission and the expenses of residence." If our diplomatic establishment was reformed upon the same principle, its aggregate cost to the nation would probably be no greater, while the more important missions would be rendered doubly efficient by a more adequate provision for their support. The diplomatic representative of England here receives an annual salary of £10,000, with a large furnished hotel, and an additional allowance of £4,000 every three or four years, to renew the furniture, or to be expended in some other way, at the discretion of the incumbent. Without aiming at so high a standard of external representation, ought not the minister of the United States to have an annual allowance of one-third, at least, of that amount, to enable him to maintain a reciprocal social intercourse with the members of the government and of the diplomatic corps, in a style of manly and becoming republican hospitality, equally removed from the mean- ness of parsimony on the one hand and the ostentation of extravagance on the other ? The United States have now taken rank with the most powerful nations of the earth, and the just pride of the country requires that its equality should be recognized by some of the more usual outward and conventional signs of national influence and power, as well as by its intrinsic and dormant energies. Feeling how much its weight abroad, in all questions whether of general or particular interest, would be increased by a greater regard to these considerations, I have been urged by a sense of public duty, and an earnest desire to see the dignity and character of the country suitably upheld in all respects, to bring this subject to your notice as one of permanent and national interest, and in the full persuasion that, if you should take the same view of the question as I have done, a measure of great and generally acknowledged importance to the public service will at last receive its consummation under the auspices of an enlightened and responsible recommendation that cannot fail to attract the attention due to it. I enclose herewith the examination of Lord Palmerston before a committee of the House of Commons (referred to above), as containing a full exposition of the system upon which the diplomatic service of the British government is organized and con- 155 f I 31 m British (.'unsulaLc, Za.nzil.)!ir Italian Consulate, Zanzibar German Consulate, Zanzibar Portuguese Consulate, Zanzibar 156 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Webster's Time — Continued ducted, and as embodying in a very striking and interesting manner the views of one of the most able and experienced foreign secretaries in Europe, as to the principles and considerations on which the efficiency of that branch of the public service depends. It contains also very ample and authentic information as to the expenses of a diplomatic residence in Paris, and shows likewise the great importance attached by the British government to their relations with France, as being, to use the language of Lord Pal- merston, "the keystone of their foreign policy." If good relations with France be of such vital interest to England, it concerns us no less, it would seem, in view of the vicissi- tudes to which our relations with other powers are more pr less necessarily exposed, to cultivate, by a constant exchange of kindly offices, the friendship of our ancient ally. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your most obedient servant, W. C. RIVES Hon. Daniel Webster, Secretary of State. PALMERSTON ON DIPLOMATIC SALARIES The following is a portion of Lord Palmerston's evidence before the committee on official salaries, upon his lordship's first examination: Chairman: Your lordship has held the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs for a long period? I have. Your lordship has also filled other offices before that? I was Secretary at War. Having reference to that part of the order of reference to this committee which relates to the diplomatic body, will your lordship be good enough to state to the com- mittee upon what principle the different embassies and missions are conducted; whether they are divided into classes, or whether the salaries are allotted with reference to the expenses of the different stations to which the ministers are sent? The diplomatic body is divided into embassies and missions. The embassies are at present reduced to three, Paris, Vienna and Constantinople; but we are going to reduce the embassy at Vienna to the rank of a mission. There will therefore remain only two embassies. The missions are divided into classes, according to the relative importance of the courts at which they are stationed; and of course the expenses of the missions vary also in some degree with relation to the importance of the place and the magnitude of the country to which the ministers are accredited. The salaries therefore vary according to the classes in which the ministers are arranged. What are those classes? . t i • i The present distribution is this: There are three embassies 1 have mentioned, of which one will fall into the first class missions. Then the first class missions consist of Russia, Spain, Prussia, the United States, the two Sicilies, (that is, Naples,) Portugal, Brazil the Netheriands and Belgium. The next class comprises Sardinia, Bavaria, Denm'ark, Sweden, Hanover, Frankfort, Greece, Wurtemberg, Saxony, Tuscany, Switzerland, Mexico and Buenos Ayres. Then there is another class, which consists simply of charges d'affaires combined with consular appointments, which applies to the American States of Venezuela, New Grenada, Peru, Chih, Monte Video, Bolivia and That comprises the whole of the diplomatic body? That comprises the whole except the Persian mission, which is arranged between the government and the East India Company, and the expense of which is defrayed entirelv by the East India Company. "^Mr. Bright: Is there any mission to China.-' 157 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Webster's Time — Continued No, there is none; the governor of Hong Kong, whose salary is paid by the colonial department, has a commission as plenipotentiary, but no salary as such. Will you have the goodness to state the several salaries? The ambassador at Paris has £10,000; the ambassador at Vienna, £9,000, but that will be reduced of course when it becomes a mission; the ambassador at Constanti- nople has £7,000; at St. Petersburg, £6,000; at Madrid, £6,000; at BerHn, £5,000; at Washington, £4,500; at Naples, £4,000; at Lisbon, £4,000; at Rio Janeiro, £4,000; at The Hague, £3,600; at Brussels, £3,600; at Turin, £3,600; at Mimich, £3,000; at Copenhagen, £3,600; at Stockholm, £3,000; at Hanover, £3,000; at Frankfort, £2,600; at Athens, £2,500; in Wurtemberg, £2,000; in Saxony, £2,000; in Tuscany, £2,000; in Switzerland, £2,000; at Mexico, £3,600; and at Buenos Ayres, £3,000. The allow- ances to the charges d'affaires in the American States I mentioned is £365 each. It is a daily allowance which comes to that; it is £l a day for their diplomatic duties, in addition to their consular salary. Mr. Cobden: The salary of our ambassador in France is considerably higher than that of any other ambassador.'' It is somewhat higher. The outfit upon the first appointment is £4,000. Then if an ambassador is transferred to another post, or is re-appointed within a certain period, he receives either two-thirds or one-half; either £2,500 or £2,000, as the case may be. Upon what ground is the very high salary of £10,000 a year, besides a house furnished, and an outfit of £4,000 given to the ambassador at Paris.^ The salary was originally £12,000; it was reduced in 1831, first to £11,000 and then to £10,000; and the ground for giving that high salary is, that the residence is very expensive. Then France is the country with which our relations are the most important, and in order to put those relations upon a good footing, it is necessary that the representative of England, there should live in a way that involves a good deal of representation and of hospitality; and the number of English who frequent Paris, and who expect more or less to be entertained by the ambassador, is greater than in any other continental town. The house is not only the residence of the ambassador, but it is also the office, and the place also where all transactions respecting passports are conducted, and a portion of it, therefore, is devoted to public purposes; but the expense of servants, and lighting and warming, falls upon him for that part of the house as well as for the other. Mr. EUice: Do you think that it would be possible for the ambassador to live at Paris in the hotel now occupied by our minister at Paris, with the whole expense thrown upon him of lighting and warming the whole establishment, as well as that part of it devoted to the proper business of the embassy, upon a much less salary than £10,000 a year.? Not only my belief, but my knowledge is, that that salary does not pay his ex- penses, and that no man can live in Paris as British ambassador, living as he must do, without adding to that £10,000 a year considerably from his private fortune; I know that Lord Granville spent a great deal more. Mr. Ellice: Do you think it is more important to maintain an establishment of this kind at Paris than in any other part of Europe.'' I think our relations with France may be considered the keystone of our foreign policy. France is the country among the great powers that is nearest to us, with which we have the most important relations, and with which we are most likely to come into collision if pains are not taken to avoid it, and with which a collision must inevitably be attended with the gravest consequences. I therefore think that a perfectly good understanding with France, as long as it can be maintained without any sacrifice of 158 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Cost of Living for Our Foreign Representatives in Webster's Time— Continued interests and of honor, as the first object at which, in regard to foreign relations, the British government should aim. Now, in order to preserve good relations with a coun- try, it is not sufficient simply to have a person living in a town as cheaply as he can afford to exist, because the social position of your representative is a very important element in his power to be useful. In regard to his intercourse with the ministers of the country, great facilities and great means of good understanding are afforded by easy social intercourse, which can only possibly be obtained by his being able to receive them, as well also as being received by them. Again, it is of great importance that your ambassador at Paris should be in habits of social intercourse with the public men not in office, that he should have the means of receiving them, and becoming acquainted with their views, and explaining to them the views and policy of his own country. Therefore, I think that it is of great importance to this country that your representative at Paris should be in such an easy position with regard to money affairs as may enable him to receive hospitably persons of all kinds, and I may also say, of different nations in Paris. Besides which, as I have stated, the great number of English residents who are there expect a certain amount of civility and hospitality on the part of the representa- tive of their country. The house is one peculiarly well adapted for the purpose; it is a large house, in a good part of Paris, but, at the same time, from its size it involves very large expenses in the domestic arrangements for servants, and lighting and warm- ing, and everybody knows that fuel in Paris is most inordinately dear. My opinion, therefore, distinctly is, that any reduction of the salary of the ambassador at Paris, would diminish injuriously to the interests of this country his means of being useful as the organ of England with regard to France. Are you aware what is the salary of the United States ambassador at Paris ? No, I am not; the United States minister here, I suppose, is paid about the same as the minister at Paris. The salary of the United States minister in London is £2,000, with £2,000 for an outfit, and the result is, that unless the minister has a private fortune of his own, he seldom stays much above two years. 159 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Speech of General Stewart L. Woodford Former American minister to Spain, at the Sixteenth Anniversary Banquet of the American Chamber of Commerce, Monday, July 4th, 1910, Hotel Palais d'Orsay, Paris. Ladies and Gentlemen : CAN only account for this very cordial welcome by the thought that this is possibly my last appearance upon the Parisian stage. I have not the good fortune to address you both in Enghsh and in French, as did the charge d'affaires. I am afraid that if I attempted it, only the French folk would understand my English, and only the American folk my French. The first duty of every American at such an hour as this, is to recall, and gladly, gratefully express the debt of gratitude we owe to France. Had not de Grasse been upon our shores with French ships, and Rochambeau with French soldiers, we might have had no Fourth of July to celebrate even to-night. But I have a serious word to say to you. When I saw that great gathering of our Americans this afternoon in an embassy that is hired by the ambassador, and is not owned by our government, I felt a little ashamed of it. We pay our ambassador at London $17,500 a year for his service; and it costs him at least $40,000 to hire a house in which to receive Americans. We pay our ambassador at Paris $17,500; and it must cost him at least $25,000 to hire the magnificent quarters in which we were entertained this afternoon. Years ago I knew quite well an American minister who was at Madrid. And he paid more than one-half his salary to get a house in which to live, and over which to fly our flag. Some of our people think it democratic to send ambassadors and ministers without salary enough to pay for their daily bread, if eaten in modern and reputable fashion; without salary enough to get a suitable residence— and what is the result? A man cannot accept the position of American ambassador or American minister abroad unless he be a rich man. And no matter what the culture, no matter what the fitness, no matter what the diplomatic experience, we are debarred to-day from the service of trained diplomats, unless the trained diplomats have the fortunate adjunct of a long purse. It is fortunate for us that the culture of our universities and the generous patriot- ism of our citizens has given to the republic men worthy in record, in fitness, in culture, to represent the great republic abroad. But — it is not democratic for a democracy to hire its ambassadors on day-laborers' pittance, and I plead with you to use your in- fluence wherever you shall be, to use your power whatever it is, to see that the American Republic, with its tremendous resources, largest in population of any one nationality that speaks one language on the face of the earth; rich with resources that cannot be measured, going forward year by year to a more controlling position among the nations of the world — I plead with you to use your influence that our government shall place its embassies abroad on the same basis on which foreign embassies are placed at Washington. [Hear, hear, loud cheers]. And that the great prizes of American diplomacy shall not of necessity be confined to the rich men of America, but shall be open to all Americans who are worthy of the place, the duty and the power. 160 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Julien Gordon (Mrs. Van Rensselaer Cruger) in the North American Review, January, 1905 JHOSE who have seen anything of diplomatic life in European capitals, no matter whether in London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Rome or St. Peters- burg, have been impressed by the salient fact that its centres are the embassies or legations founded by the several governments at their own expense, and maintained as permanent official establishments. As all the world knows, the English embassy at Paris, purchased by the Duke of Wellington from Pauline Bonaparte for the British government about 1817, has since remamed the residence of the British ambassador, and is as familiar an institution in Paris as the Foreign Office in London. The European idea is that such residences should be not only official, but permanent, and that the ambassadors or ministers should go into and come out of such furnished houses just as the presidents of the United States go into and come out of the White House. Above all, the place must be official, the place of the government to which it belongs, and not the private residence or social enterprise of the particular incumbent. No sporadic outlay of money, however lavish, by a very rich man, who has perhaps stumbled into diplomacy because he is rich, can constitute an establishment which is official in the European sense of that term. And here is the crux of the whole matter, so far as the present American plan is concerned. It is a mistake to suppose that our condition is improved by a rich American diplomat breaking out at Paris or Berlin with a palace whose rent consumes more than his whole salary, when the fact remains that he may be succeeded by a poor man who is forced to take modest apartments in some obscure quarter. The inequality which thus results produces a grotesque and undignified effect. It simply increases an evil which must be magnified each year unless it be decided that no American, however accomplish- ed or distinguished, is eligible to diplomatic office, if he is unable to maintain its dignity out of his private purse. What the United States requires in European capitals is permanent ' and official diplomatic residences, in which all envoys, whether rich or poor, shall be expected to reside in a condition of quiet and unostentatious elegance consistent with republican institutions. Palaces are neither necessary nor desirable. The need is for elegant residences provided by this government, and furnished by it in such a style as to enable its representatives to maintain its dignity without meanness or ostentation. If, in each capital, every American envoy were required to live in the house provided by the government, there would be produced at once an external uniformity in the outward life of each which would conceal the difference between the rich merchant diplomat and the brilliant, yet poor, scholar diplomat. It is true that the former could give more dinners, and pour out more champagne, and serve more truffles, than the latter; but otherwise their general mode of life would be equal. 161 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Memorial of the American Association of China to the President and Congress of the United States On the Need of a More Complete Body of Laws for Americans in China and an American Federal Building in Shanghai. To the" President and Congress of the United States: Jhe United States shared with England in the commercial opening of China; at one time American shipping contributed over a third to the entire tonnage engaged in the China trade; American trade in 1905 sent one- fifth of the imports and took one-seventh of the exports of China; a,nd American citizens constitute one-seventh of the non-Asiatic population of Shanghai. Notwithstanding all this, the visitor to Shanghai is at once struck by the fact that the United States must be ranked among the second-class powers. On the river front are the consulates of the first-rate powers, France,. Eng- land, Germany and Japan; in the back streets are those of the second-rate powers, the United States, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, etc. The first-rate powers provide accommodation adequate to the position of their consuls- general, and houses for the rest of the staff, in due proportion for the married and the unmarried; the second-rate powers also provide proper houses, but not always adjoining the consulate, except only the United States, which provides none. Houses within a convenient distance of the quarter within which a consulate must be situated are not easily obtainable even in Shanghai, while in other ports generally the number of foreign houses is fitted exactly to the number of foreign residents; and in Shanghai or at the other ports the rents demanded for the limited supply of houses take a con- siderable share of the moderate salaries given to American consular officers. While other powers in general provide sufficient offices in suitable buildings for efficient working, well-furnished residences for their consuls-general, and residential quarters for their assistants, in marked contrast the American government occupies rented premises of a low class, obscurely located on a back street, and, on a renewal of the lease, is subject to the risk of expulsion or the exaction of an exorbitant rental. It is not too much to say that the position of the United States in Shanghai, in respect of its official equipment, is the fair subject of criticism by Chinese and foreigners ahke, and the occasion of humiliation to patriotic Americans. The shabby appearance presented by American consulates in China can be lived down, and the national prestige so necessary in Asiatic affairs, can, in the course of time, be established by the force of character of the men appointed to consulates, provided always that their character is such as to give them a leading position among communities of high moral and intellectual standing; but, unaided by an impressive setting, the task has to be undertaken anew on each new appointment. The question of prestige has, however, a very practical bearing on diplomacy, whether applied to political or to commercial matters. China is a country just emerging into the full light of modern conditions. In the past, her attitude towards other powers was one of haughty superiority, and the only inffuences she recognized as having weight were those of England and Russia, and, within the past twelve years only, Japan, the pres- sure of whose military forces she had experienced; toward the demands of other powers not possessing the same prestige, her natural and instinctive attitude was frequently one of non possumus, and the obtaining of recognition for just demands has always been so much the more difficult. America, the greatest commercial nation of the world, debarred by her traditional policy from asserting her position by force of arms, has 162 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Memorial of the American Association of China — Continued wilfully deprived herself of the natural advantages derivable from her wealth, and has allowed herself to be relegated, in the minds of the Chinese nation, to a position among the secondary commercial powers. The impairment of efficiency in the staff, already receiving salaries at lower rates than those given by other powers, and, with great difficulty in finding houses, compelled to pay abnormally high rents, can be remedied only by having suitable accommodation provided by the government. More important still, however, is the deficient office accommodation provided for both consulate and court at Shanghai and elsewhere. At some ports it is only necessary to set aside one room in the consul's house to serve as his office; at other ports, where a room only is available, there should be two or three offices, for the consul, for his clerical staff, and for a court room or waiting room; and at Shanghai the office accommodation provided is not adequate for the work even of one of the minor powers. Government Ownership of Diplomatic and Consular Buildings and Their Equipment By Captain F. M. Barber, U. S. Navy, Retired Late Naval Attache at Tokyo, Pekin, Berlin, Rome, Vienna, LTHOUGH "the annual Congressional Public Buildings Bill is continually increasing, it is evident from numerous indications that the United States government will soon adopt the policy of owning its diplomatic and consular buildings abroad, and the time is not far distant when traveling Americans will no longer be mortified at the sight of the United States embassy or legation being located on a single floor in an apartment house or office,,building with a tin shield over the door, far inferior in appearance to that of many a butcher or baker in the vicinity. In the early days of our history, when modesty in appearance was a necessary accompaniment of economy in expenditure, it was highly desirable that our rented establishments abroad should reflect the sterling principles of our forefathers; but as the years have gone by the very economy which we sought has become ridiculously distorted into the payment of annual rentals whose accumulation represents a sum which would have bought the buildings themselves over and over again, and stiU we have the buildings yet to buy. Meantime our country has grown to be one of the richest nations on the face of the earth and our representatives should be installed in a manner more worthy of the country they represent, for of all nations Americans abroad are most fond of frequenting their embassies, legations and consulates. " . ' There is, too, another aspect of this early simpHcity idea which it is, perhaps, well not to lose sight of. In those days our weakness excited the sympathy of Conti- nental Europe, and our representative was Franklin, one of the most remarkable men of the day one who could converse equally well with a man of science, a diplomat or a court lady'- indeed, it was his popularity with the latter which gave him his enormous influence for he was a new species of lion to exhibit m their salons. Court uniform was deemed absolutely necessary in those days, and when, after being well received m society Franklin was officially presented at court it is said that his tailor did not bring home his uniform in time, and he had the nerve to go in simple habit and so made a great hit. He was quick to perceive this himself, and he thus laid the foundation oi an honor- 163 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Government Ownership — Continued able custom which has since become deservedly a matter of national pride. But we are no longer a weak nation, and instead of exciting sympathy it is fair to say that we excite an honest envy because we are not handicapped by the historic traditions of older people and our future is somewhat dreaded by Europe. Now that the time for the buildings is arriving, however, it would seem that to make haste slowly is the part of wisdom, so that the structures to be erected may be in accordance with the best ideas of modern business requirements and typical of the most practical people of the present day. Judging from the discussions in Congress and the attitude of various newspapers, the idea seems to be quite prevalent in the United States that the main object of these new buildings is to afford our representa- tives the means of giving gorgeous receptions and handsome dinners, as though the dignity of the United States would be supported and the attainment of diplomatic objects be effected by display and through gastronomic attractions; but such is not the case. Time was, of course, when diplomacy meant intrigue and petticoat influence and subterranean methods generally; but that time has gone by, and it is extremely doubtful if in the last twenty years there has been a single instance where the official interests of the United States have been advanced in the slightest degree by any social entertainments whatever. Our representatives should not, by the smallness of their salaries, be put in a position such that they cannot suitably return the social civilities offered them; and, indeed, for many reasons an increase of salary is far more important than anything else that can be done for them; but that is another story. There does not, at present seem to be much disposition, on the part of Congress, to increase the pay of the diplomatic corps, although an English ambassador receives $40,000 per year with his house and entertaining expenses, while an American ambassador receives only $17,500 and nothing found. Under any circumstances, however, whether the ambassa- dor entertains foreigners or not, is no matter of national importance. What should concern our people, however, is the fact that, while in Washington we have official buildings superior to those of any other country for the transaction of business, abroad we occupy quarters neither creditable to a first-class nation nor large enough for the purpose. We recognize at home that every senator and member and every leading official should have a large, airy, well-equipped office, but we fail to see that in foreign capitals we ought to take pride in showing that these same ideas are most conducive to the satisfactory discharge of public affairs even there. To buy a handsome building for an ambassador or minister to reside in and to relegate the offices to a mediocre flat or other makeshift would be to repeat officially the joke well known to all naval officers in Yokohama thirty years ago, where a missionary built a minute chapel and a large brick residence and then reported to the home society that he had erected a handsome church for the heathen and with the few remaining bricks had built himself an humble mansion. Nor is it our policy to follow blindly in the footsteps of European nations and by erecting buildings similar to theirs repeat their defects. Generally speaking, these buildings consist of a handsome central body with two wings enclosing a court' separ- ated from the street by a wall having one or two huge gateways for the entry and exit of carriages. The ambassador's residence and reception-rooms are in the body, the embassy proper in one wing and the servants' quarters and stables in the other; but these buildings are mostly old and when erected were without modern conveniences and the enormous increase in government business, the change from horse vehicles to automobiles, the much greater crowds to be handled at official functions owing to the facilities of modern travel, etc., make these buildings obsolete in spite of the continual alterations that are being made to them, and the stories that are added because they have no more ground space. 164 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Government Ownership — Continued Poor nations like Japan may wisely buy and alter old buildings, but we should start with a clean slate. Americans are beginning to realize that our geographical situation alone is absolutely certain to make us eventually the first nation in the world, both physically and financially, and that our preponderance in commercial affairs and the necessity for markets will demand our taking an interest in many world matters which our ancestors never dreamed of. Hence the desirability of establishing our representatives in the capitals of the world in a manner that is worthy of our great future and of doing it deliberately. Briefly it would seem desirable, first, to send a commission of architects abroad to study the local conditions in each capital of the world. Then buy land — a whole block — in any healthy quarter, whether fashionable or not, for fashion will follow the flag. Plan the embassy and consulate general on a corner lot, with ofiices on one street and the ambassadorial residence on the other, with a tower at the point from the top of which the national flag may float on proper occasions, instead of being stuck out of a window like that of a ship in distress.* Having an entrance on each street, an arriving and departing crowd, no matter how large, can be handled with facility; whereas with an entrance only on one street three-quarters of an hour for arrival must now be allowed in a line of carriages at an ordinary diplomatic reception and^one hour and a quarter to get away after one has said good-by. Two interior wings would be required for archives, library, visitor's reading- room, garage, etc., and ample space even beyond this should be allowed for future expansion. The increased value of the remainder of the block would in a short time pay for the investment. One advantage of this method of procedure would be that in most cases the plans could be submitted to Congress at the same time that an appropri- ation was asked for and they could be published in the newspapers. It is really surpris- ing to see what a unanimous feeling there is on this subject of government ownership among the Americans traveling abroad, and yet how little opportunity there is for any one to actually do anything about it in a manner which will reach the people whose money is to be spent for the purpose. The buildings, once erected, should be equipped with a complete staff of well- paid janitors, lift men, messengers, chauffeurs, etc. For this purpose the United States colored men would be most uniformly satisfactory; they are typically American in ap- pearance, they are loyal and they have an intuitive faculty for learning foreign languages by ear, which few people in the United States suspect. Besides, they always have a hearty'welcome for American visitors, which cannot be said for many of the foreigners that we are forced to employ. In any event, "let none but Americans be on guard." During our war with Spain, when it was necessary to do a great deal of hard work at our embassies, and when the entire sympathy of Continental Europe was against us, it was embarrassing to have people in our service whom we dared not trust and whose patriotism was not our patriotism. ... i t i There are two objections to the locating of buildmgs m the manner that I have suggested. The first is their exposure to mob attack in case of a popular demonstration, which was always carefully considered in planning the older embassies, but the progress of civihzation and the business advantages would, it is thought, counterbalance this defect nowadays. The second is the accessibility of the ambassador, out of office hours, to persistent Americans who insist on seeing him whether he wants to be seen or not This difficulty is one to which the representatives of other nations are not so much subject. No person, for example, who has not been presented at the English court would presume to besiege an English ambassador for social attentions, tickets to official functions, etc.; but there are a few citizens of our country (where it is easier to be * It is not advisable to have the residence of the consul-general in this building. An increase of twenty per cent, in his salary forX specific pl^pose of house rent and the entertainment of American c.bzens would be much more practical. 165 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Government Ownership — Continued presented to the president than it is to see a doctor, because it costs nothing) to whom the idea that an ambassador or his wife has any right to privacy is entirely wanting. Such people often think that they own the embassy, and one could not do like the old admiral who in a similar case cut a chip out of the wooden deck and handed it to the intruder as he was assisted over the ship's side with the remark that he could take his share with him. The ancient Egyptians buried their kings at the end of a long dark tunnel in the side of a mountain. In the middle of the tunnel was a huge pit into which plunderers might fall. It must be confessed that this plan did not ultimately succeed, for no Egyptian king's tomb has been found unrifled. Still, if such a tunnel connected the ambassador's office and his residence it might kill a few of the more heedless. The social side of a diplomat's duties is a thorny topic to discuss, but it is very important. His official duties can be regulated by cable, but not so his social duties. In the first place, few Americans understand that diplomats and their wives are not required by etiquette to return visits in person; a return by card is all that is required; but this is absolutely necessary, and there is no social crime that our representatives and their wives more often commit than to neglect this simple courtesy. It is largely due to the fact that there is no one at a United States embassy or legation whose specific duty it is to care for the cards, and oftentimes a second or third secretary, when the pressure is great, has to be diverted from his legitimate duties to attend to it. Many a diplomat has made a lifelong enemy of a man he never knew by thus slighting the latter or his wife. There should be a special secretary (preferably a lady) attached to an embassy to attend to these social requirements. This part of the equipment may seem siUy to plain Americans at home, but let them come abroad and be treated that way themselves once and see how long it will be before they will forget it; and silly or not silly, it is the social side of an American diplomat's existence which causes ninety per cent, of his diplomatic troubles. _ I would go further and say that the embassy should be equipped with minute printed instructions about matters of courtesy; something like we have in the navy regulations, for example. People new to diplomatic life cannot be expected to know these things, and many who do know will disregard them. Sometimes an ambassador on leave will make a continued stay in the capital to which a colleague is accredited and never go near him. Sometimes an ambassador's wife will pay no attention to commercial people on the ground that they belong to the consul-general's wife, etc. Such things should not be permitted. Naturally, people who expect social attentions usually bring letters of introduc- tion, but even those get mislaid and lost, much to the chagrin of all concerned when it is discovered. In the old days in Japan, where the legations of all countries were thrown much together because we were strangers in a strange land, special passports or letters of introduction were known by the English name of soup-tickets, and a pleasant dinner, which we all attended, was considered to be the proper attention that should be paid to the bearer. But in Europe, where there are so many more travelers, the prob- lem is not so simple. Suppose, for example, the diplomat's wife mixes up a variety of soup-ticket holders and invites them to meet each other at the same dinner. The chances are that they may all freeze the atmosphere, because at home they do not speak or because they had expected to meet foreign nobility. Suppose, however, that she has provided for this emergency, then the table may be disarranged in an unexpected manner. Once when I was detailed by the ambassador's wife to take a charming young American girl out to dinner and was just polishing up my brains for conversational purposes, suddenly her mother engineered herself into the seat next me and navigated the daughter alongside a young nobleman much in demand in the matrimonial market. The hostess was much amused, and I was quite pleased, too, for the lady was very intelligent and, anyway, she is dead now. 166 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Government Ownership — Continued Sometimes, too, weird people appear with special passports : people it would be awkward to invite any one to meet. I remember once in another capital— But per- haps I had better reserve that reminiscence for my memoirs. Then there were the ladies who wished to travel before coming to our capital and who sent all their heavy luggage to the embassy direct from the steamer and were so very wroth when they arrived and found that it was in the custom-house, and the multitude of others who had their mail sent there, and the poor beggars of distressed Americans who used to turn up from time to time, not knowing that the United States is the only country that makes no provision for sending such people home. The ambassador and his wife, and the attaches and their wives, and the consul-general and his wife, and the consular attaches and their wives, all have a financial knowledge of the distressed American that the good people at home wot not of. But the real riddle for the diplomat's wife to solve is that of the American colony, of which she is or ought to be the social leader. This colony in the principal capitals of Europe consists of three classes : the wives of Americans in business, ladies educating their children and ladies of leisure. Now, what shall she do with these.'' Shall she class them or hash them? The riddle is as bad as that of the Sphinx, but (Edipus finally solved that one and a few tactful ladies have solved this one; but with most ladies it is a choice between Scylla and Charybdis, and whatever plan they decide to pursue they regret it. Perhaps they may then turn exclusively to foreign society; but this only excites the contempt of the entire colony, as it ought to^do, and the ridicule of the foreigners themselves. All this goes to illustrate the trite saying that a circle is much more convex when viewed from the outside than it is when viewed from the inside, and those who imagine that the social life of a diplomat is a bed of roses are quite mistaken. The moral seems to be that the prudent diplomat will entertain whom he pleases, but in as quiet a manner as possible and never have his guest list published. Our national holidays are, of course, exceptions. On these days all the American world, both traveling and local, should be welcomed with the most lavish hospitality, and the entire list should be published. No matter whether an American lives abroad or has been away from the United States only a week, he likes to tread American soil (and embassies and legations are American soil), and most Americans have the good sense to be quite satisfied with this amount of attention. Whether the ladies are in traveling, visiting or decollete gowns, or the men in checked suits, frock coats or ulsters and goloshes, they all thoroughly enjoy themselves, and it is a pleasure to mingle with them. To a naval officer who has been long abroad, but is still an American, even "plain Jane with no trimmings" is an attractive object; but at any one of these recep- tions he will see more pretty girls to the square yard than any other nation can produce, and as General Porter once said to me enthusiastically at one of his receptions in Paris : "There is nothing like 'em." NOTE — Since the above article was written, a Society has been formed among Americans in London for the purpose of agitating this question, which shows its increasing importance. F. M. Barber. — From North American Review, September, 1909. 167 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The American Consulate, Tahiti, Society Islands 1839 Pomare IV., Queen of Tahiti and Moorea, gave to the United States government a lot in Papeete, Tahiti, on which to erect a consular building. This gift was made on the request of Commodore Wilkes and Consul Bladder, who urged the queen to make it in order to place the United States on an equal footing with Great Britain, to which she ^___ already had given a large lot for a consular building. As there was no government fund available for the erection of a building, Consul Blackler had a small house built on the lot at his own expense. For a period of thirty years each succeedmg consul at Tahiti purchased this house from his predecessor until the ye^ar 1870, when the government bought the building from Consul Perkins at the expiration of his term of service. Although this house had been improved from time to time it was never of any considerable value, and hence there was only a slight loss when the cyclone of February 7-8, 1906, completely destroyed this old building, the archives and papers fortunately having been removed to a place of safety. William F. Doty, Esquire, who was at that time consul at Tahiti, had plans drawn at once for a new building, which were forwarded to the Department of State with an appeal for $5,000 for the rebuilding of the consulate. The matter having been brought to the attention of Congress that august body manifested its sympathy by promptly appropriating the amount asked for. On the present incumbent, who arrived at his post on October 29, 1906, was imposed the difficult task of rebuilding the consulate with an appropriation made just before the partial destruction of San Francisco, which caused a sharp advance in the price of building material and especially in that of lumber. As the appropriation was not sufficient to admit of letting the job to contract or of purchasing building material in Tahiti, almost everything had to be ordered from San Francisco, 3,658 miles away, with a ship arriving regularly only once every 36 days. The work of constructing the building was begun early in June and conipleted the last of October, 1907. Much of the credit for successfully executing the modified plans of the building is due to Mr. Almah Elkins, a competent young architect and builder of Salt Lake City, who had the immediate charge of the work. The building contains eight large and five small rooms, one of the latter being an American bathroom with hot and cold water. The house is conveniently arranged to answer the double purpose of a residence and an office, the latter occupying one-half of the first story and consisting of an office room, a library and a toilet room. Wide verandas in front and on each side of the house afford protection from the heat of the tropical sun. It is the generally expressed opinion that the consulate is the best residence in Tahiti. The building is situated quite near the business center of Papeete and also near the governor's house and office, the custom house and the post office. Standing only 100 feet from the shore the consulate commands a fine view of the beautiful bay of Papeete and its commodious harbor which is rendered safe by the encircling barrier of coral reef about a mile distant, against which the waves of the ocean beat, forming a white surf-line of ever-shifting beauty. Immediately in front of the consulate is the islet of Motu-Uta, while ten miles to the west the mountainous Island of Moorea pro- jects its rugged and pinnacled outline sharply against the sky. In the not distant back- ground, mountains of unfailing verdure rise to the height of nearly 7,000 feet. Taking it all in all the consulate could not be more conveniently or more beautifully situated. It remains to be added that, although the utmost economy was practiced through- out, it was impossible with expensive material and chiefly native labor to construct a respectable consulate within the limit of the appropriation. The entire cost, including 168 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION The American Consulate, Tahiti, Society Islands — Continued the laying of a six-inch drain pipe to the bay was $5,665, of which a little more than one thousand dollars had to be paid for freight and customs duties. The deficit was provided for by an additional appropriation, and now Congress and the American people may feel justly proud of their government building in the beautiful South Sea island of Tahiti. Incidents in American Diplomacy Experiences of Ready-Made American Diplomats and Ministers in the Courts of Europe — Better Standards of Salary and Efficiency Necessary. By Chalmers Roberts |o many times have I seen eloquent petitions for more generous treatment of the diplomatic corps rejected, ignored with practically no consideration by the national lawmakers, I long since came to the conclusion that only a general congressional excursion to the courts of the world would lead to any amendment. So long as their country remained a hermit nation, just so long could its foreign representation be neglected, even at the expense of national pride to those few of its citizens who ventured abroad. But there should now be no need to urge a transatlantic congressional junket. Few good men have done more than the present secretary of state to raise the level of the corps by appointing to lower positions young men of such birth and education as would fit them for the peculiar duties required. And as far as these go the pauper salary list does not act as a deterrent. A man who has the proper education and the proper breeding for diplomacy may generally be counted upon to have also sufficient means to eke out his salary so long as he has only secretarial duties to perform, if only he could be assured of a permanent career and could know that long years of training would not in the end be brought to waste by chances of political favor. Make the career a permanent one, just as the army and navy are, and there will be no lack of capable men ready to prove there, as has been proved elsewhere, the breadth of American ability. In any service money may be saved on underlings with some success. But there should never be any sense of stint with the men at the top. The slightest study of government will show unreserved reward in the end as the surest means of success. If you want good men, you must pay for them. Just so long as the United States must depend for its proper representation to the other governments of the world upon the generosity of the few men willing and able financially to undertake the work, just so long will its charity-box diplomacy be a jest abroad and a shame at home. There may be limits to the shame at home. As to the jest abroad there are none. In fact one has to come to look for the current story in which the unfitness of some American diplomat furnishes amusement for his colleagues in almost every capital in Europe. It may do well to repeat a few here. They are for the most part good natured and are nothing to the discredit of the homely folk whom chance of political favor has suddenly raised to surroundings for which they are hopelessly unfitted. For instance there is one story which must still amuse The Hague, of the wife of an American minister under a former administration, who on being granted an audience with the queen mother, then regent, looked up at a large portrait of Her Gracious Majesty \yilhelmina, and said: "Your little girl, I suppose, ma'am.?" On receiving an affirmative answer she added to the horror as well as amusement of 169 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Incidents in American Diplomacy — Continued the court in waiting : " Well, I must say she's a mighty fine child." None of the many who used to laugh over this story, always told in an exaggerated American accent, ever doubted the good woman's kind heart. There is another, even more exemplary of American kmdness of heart and ab- solute lack of all the fine nothings of etiquette which are the very breath of courts and diplomatic life. The story concerns a former American minister to St. Petersburg at one of the elaborate and very formal receptions or levees which the enaperor and empress give on New Year's day. All the diplomats stand in line in their order of precedence and their majesties walk down the line to exchange greetings with each in turn. On this occasion the empress, now the dowager, was not present haying just given birth to one of the younger princesses. It seems also that the good wife of the American minister was at home occupied with a similar domestic duty. The emperor came down the hue and asked after the health of each of the gentlemen present, at the same time exchanging the usual seasonable greetings. Then, as was also his custom, he asked of each what was the news from home. This always means in the diplomatic world: "How is my good brother the Emperor of Germany or what is the news from my dear sister, the Queen of Holland?" It is supposed that all of his questions were properly answered with pleasant information about his fellow rulers. So when he came to the American he did ask the usual question: "I hope you have good news from home?" Of course he had, and our full-hearted representa- tive could not keep it a secret. "Yes, thank your majesty, excellent news. It is a boy and weighs twelve pounds." It is needless to say how this perfectly natural answer smote the assembled corps hip and thigh. It is said that the widespread titter was scarcely decorously suppressed. But the good-natured man and father, even if he was czar, pretended not to notice and said he was truly glad to hear it, and he hoped his excellency would convey his heartiest congratulations to Madame Ministre. He then passed on to the next man in the Une, extending his greetings. It seems that the ill-concealed disorder among his colleagues made no impression upon the American with the overflowing heart. He had forgotten something. Coming out of his place, he followed the emperor, and, tapping him on the shoulder, said: "I beg your maj- esty's pardon. I failed to inquire after the health of the empress and the little grand duchess." The emperor thanked him again with great kindness and assured him that both were going on as well as could be expected. From all accounts this last exchange of domesticities provoked the line to actual laughter. This was the one good story of the great winter capital for days, and was whispered at parties until it at last reached the ears of the recovering empress. And with the kindness which always characterized her as well as her husband, at their next meeting, in a particularly audible voice, she thanked the American minister for his kind inquiries after her health during her recent illness. These stories might be duplicated almost without end. And it is useless to assume a democratic attitude and declare that they are only the triumphs of nature over artifice. All the good nature in the world does not compensate for ridicule. And so long as we continue to send men as courtiers abroad just so long will there be a crying need for their fitness and proper training. Let there be no misunderstanding on this point. The records which American diplomats have made in regard to actual international work accomplished is almost wholly a creditable one, certainly a wonderful testimonial to their native ability, coming into position as they do without the long technical training enjoyed by their colleagues. The intricate interweaving of social with political duties is one of the salient points in diplomatic life which Americans have almost necessarily ignored. Confident, and justly so, in the native strength of their public men, they have contended that the training given by a permanent diplomatic service was unnecessary. And in the record made everywhere by untrained diplomats, 170 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Incidents in American Diplomacy — Continued wherever they were called upon for really significant work, there is much to justify the contention. Of their unfitness for the social half of their duties no record is made. There is no one to tell of the actual agonies they have suffered and the slights they have undergone at foreign capitals wholly because of their ignorance of and indifference to all the thousand and one little courtesies which are the very essence of diplomacy. To my mind no more really pitiable situation exists than where, as is often the case abroad, some great strong-hearted American is faithfully serving his country, terribly sick for home, in the midst of a foreign atmosphere to which he cannot adapt himself and which in its turn cannot see or appreciate his sterling qualities under an unconventional demeanor. Save in the one capital where a sort of rebellious child's pride has moved us always to show what we could do with our best foot forward, and to send a long line of eminently fit men, the usual American representative abroad has been plucked up suddenly from some small town, where no doubt he seemed a paragon of gentility, and set down in surroundings which made him look a boor, and that, too, at an age when old men cannot learn new graces. Here is where the minister as well as the secretary needs years of training. It is all very well for our staunch republican govern- ors to dismiss with a wave of the hand any such thing as a consideration of social fitness in the selection of public officials. Either they must do away with the whole thing or they must be brought to realize that manners are the very breath of diplomacy, and that the proper bow and the proper smile, to say nothing of the proper dinner, have often won in international contentions over justice and indisputable right. If there were space here it could be easily shown that in the Behring Sea con- troversy at St. Petersburg between the United States and Great Britain the social prestige of the palatial British embassy almost of itself carried the day as against the insignificant position in the great world of our unhoused and poorly paid minister. We lost enough then to have put our whole diplomatic corps forever into fitting domi- ciles, suppUed with adequate compensation. It is hard to explain or defend the strength of social prestige. It is one of the things people prefer not to talk about. But who that knows the world at all fails to acknowledge its enormous power.'' The care which those countries oldest in diplomacy bestow upon this feature of their service is the best argument in its favor. No government of today, particularly no government of parliaments and disputed budgets, makes any unnecessary expenditures. If palaces for ambassadors, fitting salaries, fat perquisites and even large entertamment funds did not pay they would not exist. And the sooner we, as a nation, see fit to profit by the fruits of this experience the better. ■ p , • If losses have not induced us to see the necessity of better carmg tor this too long neglected service, what we have gained through their unassisted ability should move us in gratitude to return to them some of the profits of their labors. It could be easily shown for instance, how Charles Francis Adams alone m preventing a great war saved us from an expense great enough to have fittingly established a corps in perpetuity If in any case, and there have been several recently which are yet part of unrevealed historv, our diplomatists succeeded in averting war for one day, they earned enough to support the whole service in fitting style for a year. So badly do we need fit men fitly paid, and fit houses for them to live in, that few travelers can return home untouched by this crying necessity. The houses and salaries can be instantly obtained once the generosity of Congress is aroused. The men must be trained m a permanent service No one expects volunteer soldiers or sailors to equal trained regulars m any combat, and as far as the army and navy are concerned this fact has been finally estab- lished at Washington. But in seeming ignorance of the fact that the most frequent battlefields of today are the chancellories, the foreign offices, the drawing-rooms of the world's capitals, we leave our interests there wholly m the hands of raw recruits. The wonder of it is that we come out as well as we do. 171 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Incidents in American Diplomacy — Continued It is safe to say that wherever the United States is decently represented abroad it is wholly due to the generosity of its ministers and ambassadors. For their posts remain everywhere the most poorly paid. There is one ambassador (at Rome) whose whole salary is less than the table money allowance given to several of his colleagues. They live there, as elsewhere, in great establishments belonging to their governments and their salaries are twice and three times as large as the American's. It may be difficult to convince the average politician financier in Washington of the necessity for allowing greater salaries to officials whose duties are confessedly to a great extent social. Only after a personal visit to the various capitals is it possible to understand the keen humiliation of the citizen of a great nation when he sees the personal representative of that greatness obscure and insignificant only because of public parsimony. And as fortunate as we have been in the generous determination of our diplomats to bear personally the burdien of proper representation, there are frequently occasions when the poor minister has to live upon his salary and to uphold his position as best he can. Not long ago I was in a capital where the American minister lived over a grocery shop and for lack of servants used to call out of the upper windows directing visitors to put their cards under the doors. To the democratic point of view at home this may be amusing rather than humiliating. But everywhere abroad nations popularly are measured by their diplomatic representation. In Constantinople, where for instance no one will suggest that the American has little to do and where assuredly it is necessary - to impress the Levantine mind with show, the United States legation cannot for an instant compete with that of Holland, Sweden or Montenegro. I know that in London and in Paris at this time the ambassadorial salary does not pay house rent. American people have had so small a concern with diplomacy heretofore that they know little about it, are very apt to mix up consulates with legations and wholly to forget that an ambassador in foreign eyes is the incarnation of national sovereignty. When one of these from the United States enters a room it is in every respect just as if Mr. Roosevelt were present. The same deference and respect must be shown him. He is accredited directly to the head of the government not to the minister of foreign affairs, and has the right always to demand an audience with the head of state, be he emperor or president. With these privileges go not only the pride but the responsi- bility of proper appearances. Now at the White House itself the president lives simply enough. A democratic people understand it and those who visit them under- stand it also from the nature of its surroundings. But take the executive mansion and put it down with its interior life just as it is in any European capital. Why, the minister from Montenegro at Constantinople lives in a bigger house in better style. So either the American diplomat personally pays to see his country fitly represented or hides in the back-ground conscious that the majority of people about him are measuring his country by his own insignificance. For the best paid representatives receive scarcely more than a third as much as the president. As they have to live at least in equal state they might at least have half the sum of his salary. If Congress cannot be prevailed upon to follow the sensible plan of buying houses at all of the principal embassies and legations at least a step to this end would be a pro- per allowance for rent and entertainment. In some capitals, Berlin for instance, it is particularly difficult to set up a transient establishment. There are very few residences available and at the same time within the means of a poorly paid representative. The Germans seem to have an innate prejudice against giving out their lares and penates for hire; in other words furnished homes are practically impossible. Therefore the newly arriving official, who can never be sure of the tenure of his office, must not only find a dignified and not too expensive/esidence, but he must go to the cost of furnishing it. iHe knows that this expensive^proceeding is also of a temporary nature and that at the end of four years at most he must expect to sacrifice all of his belongings or double 172 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Incidents in American Diplomacy — Continued their cost by taking them home. Unless a man be very wealthy the whole is a difficult undertakmg. It has been the ruin of many. Everyone remembers how this very ex- pense actually threw the estate of the lamented Bayard Taylor into bankruptcy. He died so soon after establishing himself in Berlin that he had not been able to pay off the first part of the debt it entailed. If there were houses belonging to the government, furnishings fitted to the house could at least be passed on from one representative to another. As it now is the furniture which suits the home of one may be wholly unfitted to that of his succes- sor. No matter how small the house owned by the government it would be preferable in many ways. In the first place the representative would be freed from all personal responsibility in the matter and would not be compelled to live beyond his means because of the state kept by his predecessor. Of much more importance — the home of the government's representation would then be permanent and people would know where to find it. Ask any little boy in a Berlin street where the British or the French embassy is and he can tell you. These nations are great ones to his mind, to the mind of his father and his mother, because of the object lesson of fitting embassies. But none of them will know anything about the American embassy; they have never heard of it. In fact I once asked a man in the streets of Rome this very question. He said: "I do not think the Americans have such things as ambassadors. They have no kings in America." Perhaps actual experience accentuates one's interest in the matter, but I would go the whole length of advocating not only proper pay and permanent residences but even uniforms and a full demand for all titular distinction. It was a very pretty speech of a former American minister to Constantinople, when some one commented upon the simple dark blue uniform of the Sultan to say that to his majesty and to himself (in plain evening clothes) belonged the distinction of being the only two men in the ' great gathering who depended upon their personal appearance alone for dignity. There are so many strong arguments in favor of some sort of uniform for the corps that speeches like this should not be permitted to prejudice the case. Until you have paraded about the streets of some foreign city in your evening clothes in bright daylight on some official occasion you cannot half appreciate the situation. Until you have seen your ambassador in a great Jubilee procession taken for a footman you cannot be expected to have a strong prejudice on the subject. Even the French Republic, whose officials do not seem to object to evening clothes in the day time, gives a uniform to its diplo- matists. Let it be as simple as you please, give them a plain semi-military uniform or dress them after the simple pattern of George Washington. Do anything to remove them from the ranks of the servants, where by their clothes on any state occasion abroad they now seem to belong. Again, be sure to give and to demand for them every iota of titular respect due them. For instance, in the Berlin great world, which not only adopts but insists upon such ridiculous dignities as Mrs. Brevet Field Marshal General von Pumpernickel or Mrs. Third Under Secretary of the Imperial Chancellery Schmidt, I earnestly hope that the worthy American there is spoken of as His Excellency the Hon. Professor Dr. White, Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, etc. Many people in America will look upon this as a very undemocratic sentiment. I can remember when the very word excellency seemed to halt on my tongue. But the briefest of experiences in diplomacy cured me of that. And there is one good woman who for a time presided over this very Berlin mission who won my eternal gratitude for standing up for her titular dignity. Rumors had reached us of various deficiencies in the proper social standing of the embassy at that time. The ambassador was admitted to be able, but both he and his family were characterized under that fatal social anathema — "impossible." 173 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Incidents in American Diplomacy — Continued They had come from some small town in the west and we had seen so much of the same sort of thing elsewhere as regretfully to believe what we heard. But as we soon afterwards learned, all the imperturbable dignity and self-possession of Brother Jona- than were there. The German great world was at Hamburg. Here as well as in Berlin the American and his family suffered innumerable slights. One night at a great party royalty was present and was bestowing its condescending attention upon the diplomatists present. One haughty princess, after addressing with the proper title all the other ladies present turned to the American ambassadress and said: "I hope you and your family are well, Madame.''" This was not the first time she had been so treated and the little Yankee woman's wrath overflowed. She did not hesitate in the crowded company promptly to rebuke the princess by ignoring her question and replying to the "Madame" part with a loud, firm "Excellenza, bitte!" (Excellency, if you please.) Of course her action was the gossip of the hour, babbled over springs in the morning or tattled over tea cups in the afternoon. But after that people were very careful to give her full respect. And in demanding her just rights and rebuking a slight to herself and to her country that little woman fully made up for whatever she may have lacked in social fitness. Personally I was cured of my American distaste for title in a very simple way and one which fully illustrates the foreign view of the subject. I had occasion to go on official duty to a capital where I was on terms of close friendship with the minister. I knew him for a very able, even a brilliant man at home. But there he was quite lost in the intricacies of a strange social life, and his behavior was unconventional, to say the least. I called him "General," the title by which I had known him at home, and often had occasion to defend him from the little jeers of people who could not appreciate the sterKng character under what was to them an unusual exterior. On one of these occasions I was answered by a young secretary: "Oh, it is all very well for you to defend him; he's your countryman. But I don't think you yourself have very much respect for your funny old minister; you don't even call him Excellency." Forever .afterwards I took pains everywhere to speak out the title as loudly as I could and to insist upon others doing likewise. In the ante-room of the chancellery of the American embassy in Paris what seems to be an old, old parchment letter hangs framed. Nearly every visitor reads it, and those who do not notice closely take it for an original. Only a clever photograph, it calls to mind the first diplomatic mission ever sent out by the brave little government formed at Philadelphia in 1776. It is directed to the Count de Vergennes, minister for foreign affairs, and signed by Benjamin Franklin, Silas Doane and Arthur Lee. The original in Franklin's handwriting is in the archives of the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs. What a far cry from that day to this! The head of that modest embassy was to make for himself a unique place in the history of France. But if this first plain envoy in his Quaker homespun made a name for himself at a brilliant court and in a brilliant world, he set an example which has embarrassed his successors even to the present day. Few of them can be Franklins. Fewer still could make homespun garb respected and admired in a diplomatic world of gold lace and jewelled swords. The little government at Philadelphia has grown since those days. Yet whenever an effort is made to enlarge and endow its diplomatic representation one always hears from objectors the ineradicable record .of that suit of Quaker gray. Hence the government continues to hope for Franklins, and his successors are thrown pitilessly upon their own resources to make good the deficiency. — The World's Work, January, 1902. 174 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION To Build Refuges for Americans in Far East Our Present Consulates a Disgrace and a Shame— Not only Unsafe, but a Damper on American Trade— Appearances Count Most in Orient— Germany Gains Trade Advantage by Erecting Imposmg Posts— Our Consuls Have to Borrow Office Furniture for Sake of Respectability— Their Posts in Slums where Wives are Unsafe— One Works Daily in Building Shaken by Cannon Roars— Running the Gauntlet of Half-naked Coolies— Another's Post Behind a Warehouse— No Houses for Rent ; No Decent Hotels ; Private Families Take Pity and Give Shelter— One Consul Moves into a Temple— Another Can't Stand in House Without Breaking His Hat. UR consulates are the only official refuges open to Americans in Oriental cities, other than the capitals, where our legations are located. In Japan we have six consulates — only one of them owned by our government and nearly all frail buildings, which, in the event of serious riots culminating from the anti-American feeling now smoldering in the land of the Mikado, would fall like houses of cards or would burn like so much tinder. Of our twelve consular refuges in China we own but one, and that is out of repair. In Siam our consulate and legation double up at Bangkok in one shabby shack given to us by the King of Siam a generation or more ago. None of these buildings is surrounded by an efficient defensive wall such as the great world powers of Europe build about their consular posts. We learned our lesson at Pekin, and after the siege of our legation there by the fanatical boxers, we built a modern legation, inside a veritable fortress of solid masonry, ready to be manned by artillery. But Pekin is only one of thirteen Chinese cities where the Stars and Stripes fly from a Yankee refuge, and every few weeks we read of an anti-foreign riot somewhere outside the capital. Bands of brigands and fanatics are perpetually disturbing white men in the far east, although Japan has hitherto been safer in this respect than her neighbors. We treat her as an enlightened country and allow her courts to try our citizens who offend her people — a concession which we do not make to China, Korea or Siam. But no one knows what demonstrations may be made against our citizens and consulates in Japan if anti-Japanese prejudice continues to be fostered by the people of our Pacific coast. APPEARANCES COUNT MOST IN ORIENT There is also a social phase of our crying need for government-owned consulates. In the Orient appearances count more than elsewhere in the world. Frequently our consular officers are visited by a viceroy, or taotai, or some such high functionary, who invariably brings with him a retinue of about fifty retainers, all of whom must be served with tea and refreshments. If not afforded elbow room in the Yankee consulate, they depart with no little contempt for our institutions. Secretary Root says that at some Oriental posts consuls are obliged to pay generously from their own pockets to save the home government from embarrassment in the business or to prevent its becoming an object of unfavorable comment. He describes the situation as annoying and, at times, almost intolerable. It has been lately aggravated by an immense in- crease in Oriental real estate values. Commercial houses and European governments have had the enterprise to buy for their own stately buildings large tracts in the most desirable sections of these cities. Our consuls have thus been shut out of all properties save those where the increased rents are far in excess of what they are permitted by law to pay. 175 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION To Build Refuges for Americans in Far Eas{ — Continued AMOY POST A HOODOO Our only government-owned consulate in China is that at Amoy, a big city about the size of Pittsburg, built upon an island at the mouth of a river. We own there two pieces of land, a mile apart, and upon one of these — an irregular tract — our present consulate is located. This consulate has been ill-fated since it was built in 1871. In the first place, one end of it encroaches upon an adjacent property, and just where the dividing line runs through it nobody knows. It was almost totally burned in 1904, and after some local talent— the best that Uncle Sam thought he could afford — ^had made a botch of its reconstruction, it was hit by a typhoon in 1906. The soft wood beams and flooring are badly damaged by white ants, while the tiles of the office floor and the plaster of the inner walls reek with dampness from the abutting river and the rains. SOURCE OF SHAME TO AMERICANS Our Canton post is a source of shame to Americans who compare it with the British and German consulates, owned by their respective powers. These as well as our buildings are upon the artificial Island of Shameen, where is located the foreign quarter of the city. The Germans have here built the most magnificent consulate to be seen in any part of China. The building alone cost $100,000 and its grandeur is of great commercial advantage, for it gives Chinese tradesmen the impression that the Germans are far richer than any other nation, particularly than the Americans. Canton is about the size of Chicago, and is the great commercial emporium of the pro- vince of Kwangtung. We are the only power which does not furnish its consular staff with a residence in the conspicuous part of Chefoo. The British have erected there a walled compound in which there is a granite residence for the consul, a large granite and brick office building, a residence for the marshal, with jail adjoining, a handsome house for the vice consul and a good stable — all of these surrounded by large gardens, tennis and croquet grounds. The Japanese consulate is equally imposing, but our present prem- ises are rented from the Russian government, which will sell them to us for $25,000. To put the buildings in proper repair $15,000 additional is asked for. NO HOUSE FOR RENT; NO HOTEL There being no hotels or decent houses for rent in Chungking, Mason Mitchell, our consul there would be roofless had not a European family taken pity on him and allowed him and his family to crowd into their home. Mr. Mitchell, who is our first consul at this newly established post, is daily depressed by the disagreeable knowledge that he is imposing upon his host, but he cannot relieve the situation until Congress provides him shelter. He has managed to rent an office on the second story of the Chinese post office, and the approaches to his quarters are always blockaded by crowds of sweating, half-naked coolies. And even after running the gauntlet and reaching his sanctum Consul Mitchell finds concentration difficult, since the building is con- tinually shaken to its foundations by the cannon salutes with which the Chinese are forever welcoming visitors at the neighboring wharf. Moreover the street is one regularly traversed by deafening funeral processions. Mr. Mitchell has an option on a more peaceful site across the river, 176 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION To Build Refuges for Americans in Far East — Continued MUST ENTERTAIN NATIVE OFFICIALS A substantial building of hard wood and cut stone is rented for our consulate at Foochow, and our government can purchase the property for $8,000— less than half the cost of reproducing it. Foochow has a population nearly as great as that of Phila- delphia, and all of the foreigners there live upon the Island of Nantai, in the river Min, where our consulate is situated. Foochow, being the capital of a province, is the residence of the high provincial officials with whom our consul is obliged to constantly exchange courtesies, which cost him no small sum. The same conditions exist at Hankow, also a provincial capital and which with its million of people is the largest inland city of China. TOO SLUMMY FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN A post far eclipsing all of our others projected for the far east is wanted in Shanghai, where our government maintains six branches of government — a consulate, with consular court; the new office of "inspector of consulates" in the far east; the newly created "United States Court for China;" a postal agency; an office for our public health service, and a central consular jail for China. The present consulate is described by the secretary as "wretched in the extreme." It is situated behind the warehouses of the Japanese Steamship Company in a neighborhood so slummy that Consul General Denby has to live elsewhere with his wife and children, and yet pay part of the rent of the office building. The latter is crowded by our post office, although the other great powers maintain separate post offices, that of Germany costing $250,000. The jail is described by Mr. Root as a "disgrace" and as "inhumane." HAS MOVED INTO A TEMPLE A Confucian temple has just been leased for our consulate general at Mukden by Willard D. Strait, who holds that mission. His quarters are elaborate, to say the least, both as to exterior and interior decorations, the latter including some weird mural paintings of the celestial religious school. When Mr. Conger, our hero of the Boxer siege, was minister to Peking he leased a temple in the hills, not as an official seat, but as a private residence, where he might escape the oppressive summer heat. Consuls have to spend their own money for office furniture in order that their sanctums may appear decent. Lately a set of photographs were sent in to the State Department to show the shabby conditions of our government-owned consulate at Amoy. Beneath the view of the consul's office was written "Chair borrowed." John Elfreth Watkins Hammond Court, Washington, D. C. 177 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Embassies' Elaborate Plans Foreign Governments to Expend $3,500,000 in Washington for Homes iBASSY and legation building promises to be one of the most active of enterprises in Washington within the next few years, because most of the ambassadors and ministers who are now accredited to the United States by their respective governments are said to be dissatisfied either with the size or the location of their ofiicial homes in this city. Estimates have been made that more than $3,500,000 will be spent in Wash- ington by the several nations whose representatives plan to make improvements in their residence or offices. Ambassador Bryce was the first of the diplomats to arrange for better facilities for his embassy, and builders have been working on the chancellery for two months. The improvements there are now nearly completed. It is also understood that Great Britain purposes acquiring title, if possible, to two or three residences which adjoin the embassy on Connecticut avenue, and to use the entire site for the construction of a greatly enlarged official residence. The French embassy for some time has been in leased quarters, but plans are rapidly nearing completion by which Ambassador Jusserand will be enabled to use the property, purchased in 1901 by Ambassador Jules Cambon, for the construction of an embassy and embassy offices. Germany now holds title to ground adjoining the proposed French embassy, but the home government is said to be undecided on the building plans which shall be followed in building an official residence for her representative to the United States. Other nations listed in the number which contemplate large expenditures on new homes in Washington are Mexico, Japan and Brazil. — From the Washington Star. Embassy Notes DECLINING A GREAT HONOR Not wishing to humiliate themselves and their country, many of our most brilliant men possessed of but limited means have refused to accept those positions which otherwise they would have been well fitted for. Others again, who thought that with the aid of their private means they might be able to do justice to the position, were forced to abandon their place upon ascertaining that to keep up with the representatives of other countries they had to sacrifice all and more than they could call their own. We certainly have a number of men in both Houses of Congress who would do honor to the position of ambassador or minister in foreign countries, but only a few of them— only men of means— can, under present conditions, afford to accept a place of that character and properly represent our countr3^ The president in filling these places is therefore obliged to make his selection from the rich men of our country who have abundant means, and who do not rely solely upon their salary to secure whatever is needed to lend dignity to the high office to which they have been appointed. 178 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Embassy Notes — Continued OVER A BOOK STORE Here the ambassador of the greatest and most prosperous country in the world holds forth, directly above what looked to me to be a second-hand book store. Directly opposite is the Russian embassy, a building reflecting credit upon that great empire. A Httle further up the street is the French embassy, a structure that impresses one with the wealth and importance of our sister republic. Next in point of beauty of architecture is the Spanish embassy, while the British have laid more stress on solidity and firmness, indicative of England's power and magnitude. How proud the citizens of those countries must be who visit Berlin when they see those beautiful structures owned by the government of the land they hail from. How proud they must feel of their citizenship when they observe the large flag of their country floating over the building in which their ambassador holds forth. Citizens of other countries cannot but be impressed by the showing made by these countries, and I am sure that the prestige thus gained returns good interest on the investment. But no American, be he ever so proud of his citizenship, experienced an increase of pride when he gazed at the second-hand book store, the rooms over which are occu- pied by the representative of the most prosperous nation of the earth. No American ever looked at that tiny banner, the glorious Stars and Stripes, thrown to the breeze from the second-story window and then glanced at the immense banner floating over the Russian embassy across the street without having his pride as an American severely wounded. A stranger acting on the impression made by the several embassies would in looking at our dingy qifarters arrive at the conclusion that we were the cheapest and poorest nation on earth. I believe that even Jefferson, with the simple and plain life that he led, would, if he were alive to-day, insist that we keep step with the other nations in housing our representatives in foreign countries. While I have only referred to our embassy in Berlin, those who have seen the offices occupied by our ambassadors in other European capitals report similar conditions. Every ambassador or minister of every other nation occupies a building owned by his government, and of which no citizen visiting in those countries need feel ashamed. In addition, the representatives of other nations receive salaries that enable them to live as their positions demand, and to represent their countries so as to reflect credit upon them. The American ambassadors and ministers with very scant salaries as compared with other representatives must, in order to make both ends meet, live in a style which is unworthy of a representative of our great nation, and if relying solely upon their salaries, they cannot lend that dignity to their high office which is necessary to properly impress the people and officials of the countries to which they have been sent. SHOCKING CONDITIONS IN SHANGHAI The following report states concisely the situation in China: "In^a country like China, for instance, the eye is impressed more than the ear, and both native coolie and official judges the importance of a country largely by the appearance that country makes through its consular officials and the appearance they 179 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Embassy Notes — Continued are able to make as compared with similar officials of other nations. By such comparison in China, we suffer. In Shanghai, the most important post in the empire, the official quarters are located behind warehouses, where no one can see them at a distance. The buildings are old and totally inadequate for conducting the great volume of busi- ness that flows through this consulate properly. "Great Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Belgium, all own fine buildings in conspicuous places where the flag can be seen. We should be similarly equipped for many reasons and your association would add to its very good work if proper equip- ment is secured for us here." THE SUSCEPTIBLE ORIENTAL "In the Orient, as an illustration, the Germans, British, and French have mag- nificent consular buildings which create a suggestion in the minds of the people that these countries are far in advance of America, and quite right they are too. External appearances count for much with foreigners; consular quarters would do much good, furthermore, in wiping out the prejudice that exists in the minds of other people against the American consul, who has been stigmatized through the conduct in former years of those who were appointed by political favor. Our service is nearly self-supporting, and the additional cost would be insignificant. "But much as we need homes for consuls, there is a present pressing necessity for more and better clerical help. is one of the principal commercial posts of the world, yet I have only one clerk in the office and he is paid a starving salary of $1,000 a year. He cannot possibly make ends meet on that amount, so I am paying him out of my salary at the rate of $500 a year in order to keep him from running into debt. I require at least two interpreters and an equal number of stenographers to keep up with the immense amount of work that is piling up, yet the government does not pay sufficient to retain one clerk. It is a shameful condition of affairs and I hope your association will take vigorous action." TRIALS OF A CONSUL "But now I come to the most unpleasant feature of my story. One day I re- ceived a cablegram that I had been transferred to and must be prepared to leave in twelve days. That meant that my furniture purchased at extremely high rates must be sold at auction. The result was a loss of nearly $1,000, for which I received no recompense from the government. "Again the question of traveling from one post to another came to me most emphatically. The distance from to is 11,000 miles by steamer. I received $550, the amount allowed at the rate of five cents per mile, but my actual expenses for my wife and self amounted to $1,200, so that the change cost me in the neighborhood of $1,600 and my salary remained the same. "In there was a repetition of the experience in . A home had to be secured and furnished, which again was a costly proposition. I remained there nearly a year, when I went home on leave and during my absence was transferred to .^ The story of the sale of furniture at a loss need not be repeated. "Ill I found the same condition. No home for the consul and no furni- ture, so that I had to go through the same experience. "Germany and England arrange always for the removal of a consul and his family and if he is forced to sell his furniture he is paid the difference between the cost and selling price by the government, but in most cases homes are provided for them so. that when they are transferred from one post to another no expense need be incurred for furniture nor for rent, which in most foreign countries is an item to be reckoned with. 180 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Embassy Notes — Continued WHAT CONFRONTS AN AMERICAN CONSUL The vicissitudes of life are well described in the following letter of an American representative abroad: "My first appointment was at , a distance of 11,000 miles by the shortest traveled route; my salary at the start was $3,500 per year. My traveling and inciden- tal expenses for my wife and self in reaching the post were $1,000, for which I received no compensation from the government; in late years, the consul is allowed five cents a mile for traveling expenses for himself and nothing for his family. "I took up my work in that country when there was an influx of population and rents soared high. I paid $125 per month for my house; I purchased furniture at ridiculously extreme prices. As an illustration of the actual cost of living, I may tell you that eggs never sold below 75 cents and often went to $1.25, and other items for the table in comparison. This state of affairs continued for three years or more and then there came a turn for the better through the exodus of the crowds that emigrated to the country, but rents remained at extraordinary figures. Other countries under- stood conditions, and made provisions for their consuls, the Germans paying $10,000, the Austrians the same, and the French $12,500. In 1907 my salary was raised to $5,000 per year, but you can readily understand that one could not get along on such meagre pay. 181 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION "Our Diplomats Aren't Born, They're Made," Says the Hotel Clerk By Irvin S. Cobb The Evening World's Humorist and Regular Contributor to the Sunday World SEE," said the House Detective of the St. Reckless, sagely, "there's a movement been started to purvide homes fur our Amurikin diplomats abroad. Wot do you think about it?" "On the whole, I think 'twould be better to provide a suitable home for them after they get back," said the Hotel Clerk. "Most of them do fairly well while in those salubrious foreign climes far remote from the bucolic atmosphere of Southern Indiana and Central loway. They're something like snow-balls. The further they travel from the original starting pomt the larger they seem. But when an ungrateful government decides they're ripe enough to pick and picks em, and they return to their native land — that's when they really need a home. A quiet retreat or sanitarium for diplomats suffering from busted" prospects is the idea. Special shrinkage department for those who got too big for^their pants, dedicated to Messrs. H. White and Bellamy Storer. Soundproof rest cure ward for those that talked too much, endowed by Mr. Crane of Chicago. Small habitable replica of Buckingham Palace for diplomats who learned to feel ashamed of being born and raised in the United States, Whitelaw Reid Foundation. And so on. 'Tis the crying need of the hour, Larry. It would solve the burning questions. What shall we do, if anything, with our returned diplomats? "At the same time I can't say I'm altogether out of sympathy with the move- ment that's been started by a number of patriotic cotillon leaders to provide adequate establishments for our foreign diplomats. I admire the determination of Our Own Frederick Townsend Martin — Plain Freddy to the inner set — who's trying to make Congress do the proper thing. A Grand Committee on the Boost, headed by Mr. Martin, has been traveling over the country attending dinners and wearing correct Fifth avenue clothes in the interest of the movement. As a result a strong sentiment has been created. You'd be surprised. The Waco, Texas, Chamber of Commerce and Association for the Improvement of the Breed of Shorthorn Cattle passed a stirring set of resolutions. The Gallipolis, Ohio, Board of Trade came out very strongly in favor of a suitable legation building in Bogota just as soon as they found out where Bogota was. I don't know anybody that's lately eaten more dinners across the continent in behalf of a worthy cause than Mr. Martin, unless it is our present President. "But for some reason Congress has remained unmoved so far. I haven't heard any wild clarion alarums from Unc' Joe Cannon on the subject. Any wild clarion alarums that Uncle Joe may have in stock he's saving up for personal use. He's liable to need a few of them at almost any moment. And the rank and file of Congress don't appear to be getting very much excited over the sad state of our diplomatic corps, either. The average member cares naught. He's got more important things on his statesmanlike mind, such as having his aged grandmother appointed as messenger to a couple of committees and putting through a million-dollar appropriation for the purpose of broadening, deepening and otherwise improving Mink Creek so that it will be open to navigation any time there should be an unusually wet spring. Give him but the pippins and he cares not what becomes of the corps, which is a little joke of my own, Larry. Congressmen go on the broad principle that this is a land of simple 182 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION "Our Diplomats Aren't Born, They're Made" — Continued democratic institutions, and that anybody who's foolish enough to go as Consul-Gen- eral to some place on the sunny side of the Nubian desert when he might stay at home and run for county attorney deserves what he gets. "But some of the stories that filter back to us regarding the privations which our faithful diplomats are called upon to endure in the pursuit of their responsible and arduous duties would move a heart of stone or even a head of bone. We hear that our Minister to Bulfusia (salary $900 per annum) has his offices in a small room upstairs over a retail cheese conservatory in the last house of a small dark alley opening off the throughfare known in the picturesque and poetic language of the country as The Bum Street of a Million Smells, and that he is very anxious for Washington to provide him with larger and more commodious quarters so his wife can take in boarders. He would also like to have permission to wear the clothes, if they'll fit him, of such American citizens £Cs die in his jurisdiction. " We read with tears in our eyes that .the sovereign majesty of our government is subject to daily insults in far-away Jujubia, because the natives, observing that our Minister Plenipotentiary is living back of a pants pressing estabUshment naturally fall under the delusion that ours is a nation of merchant tailors. He'd like for the authorities to send a gunboat down right away to make a demonstration. And if they can't send a gunboat would it be possible to remit passage money home for himself and family? He has a feeling that he'd feel happier back once more in dear old South Bend, where he enjoys the esteem and love of his fellow-citizens and where he was almost given a nomination for Congress once. "And yet sometimes it seems to me that merely providing our diplomats with large ornate barracks and permitting them to wear small swords and other regaUa in lands where a frock coat does not seem to command the proper respect wouldn't alto- gether solve the problem. You see, Larry, in the older countries a man is either born in the diplomatic service or else he's apprenticed to it. It's a regular trade with him. After a young person has learned how to lie afi'ably in several hard languages and can wear without confusion a court costume which makes him look like a Christmas card shot to death with a load of green parrot feathers, they give him a card in the union and he's sent out to one of these small Colorado maduro countries to get the experience. Then, by degrees he's advanced to the more important posts. You've got to be a good journeyman diplomat with references from the last place you worked before they'll let you tackle one of the big lying jobs. ,,,,,., .1 . i- "But with us a diplomat is a politician who s had diplomacy thrust upon Jiim, I might even say driven into him with a maul, or other blunt instrument. He's generally a person who's too unimportant to be given one of the real jobs and not insignificant enough to be overlooked altogether. After the elections are over and the new adminis- tration has moved in and made itself comfortable by chucking all the left-over policies of the old administration down the dumbwaiter shaft, the real shoguns sit- down to- gether to cut up the usufruct. When everybody else has been properly attended to, they come to the name of Benjamin Jinks away down at the foot of the list, and some- body says, 'We'll have to do something for B. Jinks from down m Mississippi. He held his organization together so well that all three of them cast their votes and two of them were actually counted. He's here now, expecting something suitable. What does he want?' asks somebody else. 'Well,' says B. Jink;s sponsor, ^ he thinks he has the making of a diplomat in him.' ' Fine,' puts m the Mam Handle, we 11 send him as United States Minister to Camemberia, wherever that is. So a delegation goes around to break the news to the expectant patriot. . "'Well old man,' they say to him with well-feigned enthusiasm, hearty con- gratulations, 'in consideration of your invaluable and almost invisible services to the party you have been selected for one of the most important and responsible diplomatic 183 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION "Our Diplomats Aren't Born, They're Made" — Continued posts in the gift of the Administration. 'Is it the Court of St. James's.'*' asks B. Jinks. 'No,' says the spokesman of the delegation, 'it's Camemberia. Lovely tropical Cam- emberia. Camemberia, which is located within easy walking or riding distance of the equator — ^you can run over. any Sunday and take a look at this justly celebrated curiosity, the equator — and which has a climate that is regarded as one of the most climatic climates on earth. Oh, you'll like Camemberia. The salary is ninety a month, payable on the first and fifteenth. When can you start.? Can't we come around and help you pack? There's a nice ship sailing Wednesday.' "Well, at first S. B. Jinks is a mite put out. It sort of grates on him being appointed to a country which he'd always supposed up to this time was a brand of soda biscuit. But after a few hours of reflection the idea begins to grow on him. He gathers that there'll be no scandal made if he wears his full regalia of the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias while paying official calls. He can have a sword dragging majestically between his legs and giving him a gait like a pair of buttonhole scissors without any offense to anybody. He will have the emblem of our country, a fried softshell crab done in bronze and called a spread eagle, over his door and he can write letters home with official large red seals smeared all over them. "So he rounds up Mrs. B. Jinks and all the little B. Jinkses and starts for his post of duty. He's somewhat pained to find on his arrival that he's only a sort of notary public caught a long way from home the same as any other diplomat and that his principal responsibilities consist in being insulted by bock panatella grandees and advancing passage money to busted Americans. But eventually he begins to Hke the job. He's one of those statesmen with a baritone manner and a tenor intellect such as are very common among us and he fits in with the rest of the picture. He acquires the language and the manners of the country. He forgets the turmoil and struggle of life at home. He ceases to take an interest in the vulgar politics that are still said to prevail in the far away U. S. A. He is friends with the King and the whole court suite down to the seven spots, and his daughter is engaged to marry one of the local banana barons. Election day at home comes and passes and he heeds it not. And then in the early morning of the fifth of March following he gets a cable message, and he goes to his wife with a puzzled look on his face. 'See here, my dear,' he says, here s some impudent American back in the States wiring me to start back at once. Signs himself Taft, or some such name. Cheeky eh, what! And then it dawns on him that 1 att IS the name of the party who's just been inaugurated as President, and with a heart full of sorrow he returns to his own, his native land, to find that nobody remem- bers him any more and that being introduced around as an ex-minister merely has the effect of making strangers wonder what the old dodo did to be put out of the pulpit." Well, said the House Detective, "by hook or crook, each noo president manages somehow to draw most of the old ones back home purty prompt " "Yes," said the Hotel Clerk, "and mainly by the hook." —New York World, January 30, 1910. 184 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy XXV. Hon. Simple Life Among Ambassadors By Hashimura Togo To Editor Collier Weekly which tells all Truth for second-class postage. Dear Mr: ^^f^5^5 ASK to know. Would it be a possibility for one bright Japanese Boy to get a good salary position of Ambassador to Berlin or some other seaport? My cousin Nogi tell me that Dr. Dave Hill do not care for such a job because wages is too tiny. "How much is them wages?" I inquire for nervous feeling. "Sum of $17,500 of annual pay," mortify this Nogi. "Japanese Boy would accept this patiently," I collapse with voice. "He might got it, but could he?" dictate Nogi, who understands horse-racing & problems. I am beswitched. "You would appear a very cheap diplomat with such a salary," say Nogi. "Hon. Charleymain Tower, Ambassador from 0-hio, spend more annual cash than this for champagne which is necessary in BerHn for kings, dukes, princes, etc., which is accus- tomed to expect it from American Ambassadors when going through that town. That Hon. Tower are a great spend." "Poverty are no disgrace," I signify with W. J. Bryan expression. "For Methodist Ministers it are no disgrace," say Nogi. "But for Foreign Ministers it are considered a crime." "I am confused by this," I depress. „ , , -.j ■ "Imagine that you was Hon. American Ambassador to Berlm, deploy Nogi. I do so with ease. "And imagine I was Hon. Emperor of Germany." I do so with dithculty. "You go to them Germany with $17,500 annual wages which you draw in advance. You look around street for some nice palace where U. S. flag can be repre- sented with dignity. You find such a palace, pretty soonly, over general feed store for rent-sum of $20 per monthly. For sum of $5 you can hire Mrs. Nusbaum m up- floor flat to take down clothes-line so that Hon. U. S. flag can be flew on Monday afternoon. Then you spend $17,000 on champagne and set down on back porch where flies are scarce." "Do something happen pretty suddenly? I ask to know. "Quite promptly I come along in one golden-colored automobile, accompanied by Signal Corps, Fire Department, Royal Mounted Mustache Guard and Second Artillery Band — " . „ t a i, lu "Who are you, please?" is next question for Japanese Schoolboy. "I am Hon Emperor of Germany calling to make a diplomatick relationship with Hon. American Ambassador. I call in them quiet way I mention because I know that Hon. Poverty of American Ambassador would get embarrassed by kmgly pompus. I stop royal automobile in front of Nusbaum's Feed Store i • 5. u "'Are Hon. American Ambassador at home for diplomatick relationship.'' Hon. Emperor holler-up to second story. tvt at u 'tj +t„;u "'He are out back splitting kindling,' decry Hon. Mrs. Nusbaum. But I will told him that Your Majesty have arrive— wait, please! "So she run & whistle down speaking-tube: , tt nn i, "'Hello! Come up if convenient, Mr. Ambassador. Hon. Emperor are here to see you.' 185 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy — Continued "So Hon. American Ambassador, with arms full of kindling wood, make sneak- step to kitchen, where he wash hands in sink, then haste to parlor. There he find Hon. Emperor of Germany setting on sofa and looking cross because he have stumbled over baby-buggy in the hall. '"Good morning, Mr. Emperor,' say Hon. Ambassador. 'Will you have some- thing to drink?' "'No,' say he. 'But I will take a cigar.' '"I have not got no cigars, Hon. Majesty,' he say. 'But I have some delicious chew-tobacco of considerable long cut.' "Hon. Emperor of Germany, who are a awful polite king, eat some of that tobacco and make faces of enjoyment. Then soonly he accept drink of champagne what Mrs. Nusbaum give him in tin cup; then he prepare to take his depart with willing smiles. '"Mr. Ambassador,' he decry, 'what kind of Embassy do you call this what you got here.?' "'This,' say Hon. Ambassador, 'are what are called "Jeffersonian Simplicity.'" "'Are you fond of this kind of simplicity.?' Hon. Emperor inquire to know. "'No,' say he, 'but Hon. Jefferson was.' "'Hon. Jefferson should try being an Ambassador to Germany if he like it so well,' say Hon. Emperor, giving royal automobile one extra honk." Mr. Editor, question before Congress is this: Can American Republick, at stingy expense, teach Kings, Princes, etc., to expect less spendthrifty display whenever they goes to see American Ambassadors? Maybe-so it are possible. Maybe Emperors, when they gets tired of ruling, will become accustomed to saying, "Let's go over to Charley Tower's flat and listen to Caruso on the phonograph." Maybe-so it will soon become a common sight in Berlin to see the Hon. Emperor buying a 15c package of Frankfurters for luncheon with Hon. American Ambassador. Maybe-so — ^but Japanese Schoolboy are doubtful because he come from a kingdom where habits of Emperors is often observed. And I never seen no kings acting that way. Trouble with these U. S., Mr. Editor, is that they is not so awful Progressive like they imagines they are. It is a very nice thing to be noisy, but a shoot-cannon must have something besides powder in it to do considerable damage. America man work pretty swift when let alone; but if he wait for act of Congress he had more better wait for act of God and the Russian Douma. There are just one body of mans in the entire world slower than Hon. Russian Douma, and that are Hon. American Congress. It take one of them degraded and outworn monarchies of the Old World eighteen months to stick together a first-class war-boat of very excellent trimmings. It take these swift U. S. six years to nail together such a fighter-ship, and after them six years is past American Congress awakes and finds that it doesn't need no navy nohow. Hon. Congressman Captain Richard Peachy Hobson arise recently for debate and do considerable gun-fire with eyes. "By all them sun-kissed hills of native land," he say with energy, "let us defend it. Japan are a menace. So are China, Sweden, and the Malay Archipelago. If all them dangerous nationalities combined to do us dirt how would they go at it? By fleets? In one week 17,000,000,000 yen would flow into coffers of very yellow peril. In two weeks 78 extreme Dreadnothings would intend to go San Francisco for warfare. In three weeks Japan would be camping in Waldorf-Astoria and Sweden would accept Milwaukee as spoil of war. Therefore I arise up to propose it. I propose it that Hon. Sharp Williams instruct the Democratic minority to build 12 Dreadnothing battleships weekly until election is over." (Loud groans from Jo-Uncle Cannon.) 186 AMERICAN EMBASSY ASSOCIATION Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy — Continued Uprise then Hon. Burton^ "Mr. Speech," he-say it, "I uprise to second them bill of Hon. Cap. Congressman Hobson; but with some slight amendments to make it look natural. I propose that them 12 Dreadnothings be reduced to 1 gunboat to be built by Union Iron Works in 1926, in case there ain't no war before then." "But how to defend Hon. America without no ships?" demand Hon. Hobson with voice. "We are not afraid of all-world Powers," declaim Hon. Burton. "If Japan, England, Ireland, and Spain come to our shores with latest pattern explosives, then the indomitable spirit of American people shall defend us!" (Loud applause from Congress which continue ahead with campaign program.) Such is the fate of Hon. Hobson's hobby. It is certain that Hon. Congress are not afraid of no foreign navy. Hon. Congress is not afraid of nothing when it do not cost them nothing to do so. * . ^It are collapsible sentiment of all intelligent Japanese, Mr. Editor, that Hon. Congress will eventually, or later, build very magnificent Embassies (on model of Pennsylvania State Capitol) in Berlin, Paris, London, Tokyo, Pekin, and wherever it is required by kings and fashionable persons residing there. But before them buildings is done some Bills must be made, revised, torn up and referred to wastebasket in following committees: 1 — Committee on Architecture. 2— Committee on Plumbing. 3 — Committee on Window Curtains. 4 — Committee on Foreign Relations. 5 — Committee on Gas and Water. By the time them bills is passed America will no longer be sneezed at as a Young Nation. " And in the mean while Hon. Ambassadors from these U. S. must be subsi- dized by some Trust or else ride in trolley cars between Hon. Embassy and Hon. Ger- man Court. „ -r A T i_ 1, Little Annie Anazuma, 8-year-age daughter of I. Anazuma, Japanese barber, make following Mother Geese about it: "The Star Spangley Banner long may she soar O'er the National Arms On a grocery store!" Arthur Kickahajama ask for enquiry yesterday-time: "Are this Dr. Dave Hill a diplomat?" ^ *,„ .»n i, i, "To look like an Ambassador to Germany on a salary of $17,500 a year he have got to be pretty much of a diplomat," I answer for a reply. With gun-salutes to Hon. Hobson. Yours truly, Hashimuka Togo. —Collier's, June 13, 1908. 187 FOR NEW BRITISH LEGATION BUILDING HILL SEJSKS HOME. PLANS BKI^G COXSTDEPED BIT A BRITI'SH OFFICIAL. H. N. Hawks, of the British Office of Works, Is in the city arranging the details for the proposed new British legation 'bulldtng. The site of the new legation Is In Colonla Cuauhtempc, at the corner of Calle de Sena and Ca'Ile da Lerma. It was recently purchased by the British government and is' pne of the finest locations in the city. Mr. Hawks is going Into the plans and cost of the building and will submit all to the home government. But there Is no doubt .that the British legation before- many months will be splendidly housed. The Mexican Herald - July 13, 1910 . Ambassador's House In Berlin Sold Under His Feet. BebIiINi March 23.— Dr. David Jayne Hillr the Atnerican Ambassador to der- many, nwst find new quarters. His present house on Bismarck strasse has been sold TindeT his feet, so to speak, and the new landlord has notified him that he must get out by Ootil. This involTes a weary search for a new residence for the Am- bassador. If Dr. HiJl is able to secure siiitable premises it is his intention to have the Ambassador's home and the embassy offices under the same roof. The State Department at Washington has approved of this project of Dr. Hill's. New York Evening Sun March 23, 1910 A Democratic Movement by a Democratic Nation. Ambassadors should all look alike. No more moving between Palace and Flat. Total Cost only Three Mil- lion Dollars. We expend Five Hundred Millions annually for past and future vs^ar preparations. Why not spend Three Million Dollars to culti- vate friendship? Embassies will always in- crease in value. EFFECT OF PANAMA CA\AL,. i>Ir. Schneiin Says it Wni Dry l."p All the Smaller Pacino Coast Ports. Washington, iviarch 10.— H;T. Schwerin of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company testified before the Senate Committee o n Interoceanic- Canals to-day ■ and he predicted thit the opening of the canal -would result in turning over to European lines, especially German and Italian lines, practically all the commer- He testinea tnat iiis own compan]^' had lost 60 per cent, of its business to German .Knes,- largely through the activr ity of thp. Jif,\,Y}'>^'n MmJHt ^r.Xo.Mex who 'had successfully eyerois^eci-Jtus lomatio oftices^-m Axten^ing ~^i influence in tne commercifti a.haii If Democratic at home, why not abroad ? Let Ambassadors cultivate foreigners, not traveling Americans. a jnHuenoe jn , C'en.trfi!-jVmeHo£ ati'ai of New York Sun, March 11, 1910 Only One Question Necessary. The conversation had languished for a moment or two. "Have you heard of the civil service: examination for ambassadors?" Inquired the man with the .JTUr ' on his overcoat collar. "No," replied the nian' next the car Window,, .''I haven't heard of it. Are tlueK exaiiilnlng 'em now'" 'Tea. They ask. "em Just one ques-. tion. '.'.9?''' °*'* l'^®^"''"- What's that?" . Are you a multimillionaire and a free sseitder?.' f'-rC eveland Plain Dealer. a!B?wr3!>s^ " -;^ '^^>Wfm B