PART II. OF THE MISTAKES OF DR. W. E. B. DU BOIS BEING AN ANSWER TO DR. TV. E. B. DU BOIS' SO-CALLED REPLY WUEELER SHEPPARD Author of the "Former Part" of the "Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B. DuBois." turer of "The Africans as I Saw Them—Their Customs, 'raditions and Modes of Living," "Marcus Garvey Among Other Leaders of Humanity," "Is Africa Worth Saving?" "What Shall the Negro Do to be Saved?" "Garvey- ism," "The New Negro," "The Passing of the Old Negro," "The Liberian Civilization as I Know It," "The American Negroes' Duty Towards Africa," Etc., Etc., Etc., Etc. "JUDGE YE NOT, LEST YE BE JUDGED." Copyright, 1921 By WHEELER SHEPPARD Entered into the Copyright Office in the Library of Congress. By Act of Congress, Wash¬ ington, D. C. AUTHOR, President. M. T. F. WYDER, Manager. Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois AUTHOR'S MOTTO: THE WORLD HAS BEEN MY SCHOOLHOUSE; THE PEOPLE THEREIN MY CLASSMATES; HUMAN NATURE MY FAVORITE STUDY; THE REDEMPTION OF AFRICA MY AMBITION; STOOP TO CONQUER MY PROUD HERITAGE; THE BEAUTIFUL CREATION MY BIBLE; THE, LAWS OF NATURE MY GOD; HAPPINESS IN THIS LIFE MY HEAVEN; A GUILTY CONSCIENCE MY HELL; AND, TO BENEFIT MANKIND IS MY RELIGION— THE DEPTH OF DIVINITY AND PHILOSOPHY. Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois INTRODUCTION FOR PART II. By the way of introduction, it is with graceful acknowledg¬ ment that I inform my intelligent readers with respect to the success of Part the First of this book which appeared under the same heading of "Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B. DuBois;" it is, therefore, with equal justice and profound appreciation, on my part, to say, in all good faith, that the first edition of three thous¬ and copies that came off the press were sold at a rattling rate; and, the surprise is, that hundreds of readers of the work, both whites and blacks, treated me, by both mail and telegram cor¬ respondence, not only with civility, but, with the warmest re¬ spect. I thanked them then, and, I here thank them again for their hearty approval; the work, moreover, had, thanks to its success, been the means of adding hundreds of new recruits to the Progressive Army of the U. N. I. A. I ask not myself wheth¬ er it be convenient to them, as noble men and women, of Race consciousness, that I express to them personally my thanks, but, I should reproach myself if I did not. So far, then, the work has met with but little or no opposi¬ tion even among the enemy's own ranks; although it is here admitted that there had been some muffled sentiments and suspicious or doubtful looks, but, as these little harmless and unimportant proceedings can not, with logic, refute a scientific work, I shall, therefore, dismiss them from my presence with no other consideration. Let them, then, amuse themselves with their child's play, I shall not interrupt- them. Dr. Du Bois himself made a feeble attempt at correction in his March issue of the Crisis, but, as his whole heart was not in the attempt, he placed himself still deeper in the hole; how¬ ever, he will find, by this Second Part, which is written not so much as an answer, but a greater scientific investigation, that he must, as a man of honor, do but two things—either offer Mr.. Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois Garvey a manly apology or else endeavor to refute the mass of evidence contained against him in my two works. He will find also where my first answer was merely a preface for any possible general demonstration to come in Part the Second. So, with this in mind, we will now proceed to the consideration of the Second Part of the "Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois." Fraternally yours for the speedy redemption of Africa, WHEELER SHEPPARD. Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois PART TWO OF THE MISTAKES OF DR. W. E. B. DU BOIS BEING AN ANSWER TO DR. DU BOIS' (SO-CALLED) REPLY Let those who have failed take courage: Tho' the enemy, seems to have won, Tho' his ranks are strong, if he be in the wrong, The battle is not yet done, For, sure as the morning follows The darkest hour of the night, No question is ever settled Until it is settled right. (Thackery with Dickens). Up-to-date, no rebuttal worthy of a rational consideration has yet been made by Dr. Du Bois to refute the Principles on true Sociology contained in my pamphlet "Mistakes of Dr. W. B. B. Du Bois," dedicated as an answer to the Doctor's attack upon the Honorable Marcus Garvey. The Doctor's silence on this one par¬ ticular phase of the subject in dispute, is, we must own, a nega¬ tive proof that either the Dr. can not refute the principles con¬ tained in my "answer" or, that the readers in favor of them are too numerous and formidable for the Dr. to oppose. The Doctor's silence, moreover, serves to prove to a demonstration, that he had simply won over the confidence of his many followers mainly by the force of his numerous college diplomas and universal popularity, without, so much as troubling them¬ selves or questioning the truth, by the way of investigation, as to the true and fabulous state of the Doctor's system of educa¬ tion and his so-called principles govern the science of Sociol¬ ogy. Here, then, is where the many have badly erred. Al¬ though, it is quiet true that I am not the proud possessor of a diploma, nor, have I ever, seen so to speak, the interior of either common school or a college, and, yet, withal, my ability to do well anything I undertake is my diploma; what little I know, I managed with much difficulty to pick up here and 5 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois there, both, ashore and afloat as a. sailor, soldier and adven¬ turer throughout the public world. Books and maps may be a source of education, but we can only acquire complete knowl¬ edge by the force of traveling. Books often leave a doubt in one's mind; but traveling verifies what one reads; in fine; the world has been my schoolhouse; the people therein my class¬ mates and human nature my favorite study. I have been taught in my Great Universal School that a Degree of Commonsense is far more vital than any college diploma. And as for popularity, it does not, in the logical sense of speaking, compare or equal itself with morality; it is not always the popularity of a man that is any evidence of his honesty; on the contrary; his popularity, if anything, is a symptom, in most cases, of the man being a grand rascal, or, imposter, or, both; for, the more popular one pretends to be, the more capable he is to deceive with success. False popu¬ larity, which, if you please, is false glory, supported by the hurrahs and cheers of a foolish public, so placed that man in a good position, to commit by far more rascality than all the rascals throughout the world of rascality. This is to say, in other words, false popularity, coupled with wisdom and respon¬ sibility can, and, is, doing more mischief than all the non- popular, irresponsible J;gi^amuses_ in th^^orld. And, where sucirpT7E5uTar men are~c7assed as truerefSrmersTthey are, instead, the last men in the world to bring about reforms for the better¬ ment of humanity. Therefore, those of you who simply rest your faith upon the popularity of a man, puts that man in the place of honesty and good moral principles, and, can, there¬ fore, have no foundation for future happiness either in Am¬ erica or Africa; credulity, however, is not a crime, but it becomes criminal by resisting conviction; it is strangling in the womb of the conscience the efforts it makes to ascertain truth. We should never force belief upon ourselves. Think!!! Reflect!!! Reason!!! In my judgment, every human should take a road of its owfi, every mind should be true to itself, should think, investigate, and, conclude for itself; this, I hold, is a duty alike incumbent upon both pauper and prince. 6 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois Some great ancient Chinese writer and philosopher, I think it was Confucius, spoke well when he said "Words ought not to be accepted because uttered by the lofty, nor rejected because uttered by the lowly." And, for these instructive words, I thank him. How true, indeed! Let us, then, recog¬ nize no other kind of popularity but the Goddess of Truth, if, indeed, we must be free, and, in order to be free, unfettered men, let us, above all, be free in mind, not alone in body, for, of a Truth, no man is free in any department of life, until he is free in thoughts and, expresses them accordingly. In the construction of the universe (according to the account) God Almighty created Man as the lord of creation; Man was, and, is His highest Title—that is, more simply—the greatest of all living creatures is Man, and, the greatest part about Man, is his mind, and, therefore, we can only distinguish man from the lower creatures by the degree of intellect he displays above the brute creation. No man is greater than his mind; therefore, no man should throw away his reason, the shining product of his mind, for, reason is the intellectual capital of the soul; it is the only light, the only guide, and, without it, the brain would become an asylum or place of refuge for a train of false doctrines surrounded by a retinue of thieves, hypocrites, dastards and ^liars. I showed in the first part of this pamphlet (see last par., page 16) the true definition of the principles of Sociology, as a remedy to prevent the reader from going wrong, or, rather, to prove that I knew what I was, then, writing about, and, I here, for the sake of uniformity, repeat, that "Sociology is the science of the constitution, phenomena, and development of society." Here we are, again—nor, indeed, had I anything to do with the making of the word, ''Sociology,' 'nor, the prin¬ ciples governing that branch of science, for, they both are of Divine origin; the Creator of the Universe is the Self-same Creator of the sciences, nor, did the Almighty create the sciences as a matter of vanity; He created them that man, might study from His wisdom in the construction of the uni- 7 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois verse, how he can, by the principles of imitation, better his conditions of life; therefore, we owe all our knowledge of the arts and sciences to God Almighty, the All-wise Designer of the arts and sciences, where, man can not manufacture the arts and sciences, he, can, and has discovered the principles of them, and, from the outgrowth of these discoveries, he has, as we see, invented and progressed in proportion. Take a more practical case: A moulder has orders to cast a cannon: Very well. He knows, in the first place, that the principles on moulding cannons has been discovered by man long ago. What, then, must this moulder do? With a few buckets of sand, and a wooden pattern, shaped in the very form of the proposed article, and, after having poured his liquid iron, he presents to the public world the required pro¬ duct, cast and shaped in the very image of that department of science. Here we are? And, the same princi^lesJiQld good with the countless arts and sciences. 'ButT^ffie investigation^ not stop here. Take another case. The American society is much concerned about this contemptible Negro problem. An authority on the principles of Sociology is wanted. Dr. Du Bois, the great polished scholar in the republic of letter, and, recog¬ nized authority (so-called) on the science of sociology, is finally appointed to define a sure-cure remedy (which, don't "forgeFsliould beJEEeTrue principles of sociology.) But, instead Of producing facts, he j)i»Qduceg~ tlieorreg, as~Tf the^science of sociology was a dead Tette?;~wglQh, oF*"course, speaks equally ill of the Dr. as being a dead authoxLtv lIporr~tKaF particular branch of science; Like all other existing, principles—the true principles governing the science of sociology is a living Thing, not a dead letter, and, were it to become extinct, there would be no occasion for sociologists. Man ceases to exist, but, the sciences never die. What fools do these false doctrines make of my people! If we permit ourselves to conceive right ideas of things, it must become equally necessary to affix the proper definition to those things. In point with the subject, then, the question would naturally arise—What is Science?. I answer: Knowl- 8 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois edge, as of principles or facts; accumulated and accepted knowledge systematized and formulated with reference to gen¬ eral truth or general laws; classified knowledge, especially, as to the physical world; natural science; any branch or depart¬ ment of systematized knowledge. Here we are, then, as *to the true definition of science. So much, then, for this part of the investigation. Let us, now, define the face value of a "fact," that most brutal, inhuman, and stubborn of all evidence, more particu¬ larly—when it is not in one's favor. "Fact," a deed (Rare, exc. in "accessories after the fact.); an event, quality, or rela¬ tion, manifestly real; actuality; statement of a thing done or existing; thing supposed to be or done.'" We see this now? Allright. Come we now to the consideration of the Doctor's pet theories. In like manner, the question arises: What is a theory? and, what relation does it hold with a fact? By the way of definition, we are told in that great universal book of knowledge, (Webster's,) that a theory implies to, contempla¬ tion; spectulation; the general or abstract principles of any body of facts; a general principle offered to explain phenomi- na. Here, then, in short, is the true definition to Theory. And, since a theory is reverse to truth or any body of facts, upon what authority, I ask, do the Dr. instruct his followers to believe in a cursed phenomena—a thing that he can not even explain" himself? Nice instruction to call a non-practical theorist a practical sociologist! The error of those who try to reason by definitions drawn from certain phrases, a particular department of science, as, for instance, "Sociology," is, that they do not go far enough into a grammatical investigation. They do not go the whole way. They simply stop in some of the intermediate definitions of the investigation, and produce what they would please to call the exact authority upon the various definitions. But, this is no authority at all. If we travel still further into the investigation, we shall, as I will prove in this one. find a di¬ rectly contrary opinion and practice prevailing; and, if one 9 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois definition is to be authority, a thousand such authorities may be produced in the intermediate vicinities of definitions, each successively contradicting the other; but if we proceed on along the chain of definitions, in the same manner as an ex¬ plorer seeking the very source of a river, by hugging the shore, we shall, at last, come out right; we shall come to the last definition of parent, or, root-word of the subject. I have, therefore, reached my goal. And what is it? Phenomena. And, as we shall see, the definition of this word in the long chain of visible evidence, will, decide, once and for all, the fate :iology. isten, what is the definition of "phenomena?" Answer: "phenomena," any observable fact or event; that which strikes one strange, unusual, or unaccountable. Aha! Here we are; it is here, then, easy to percieve where I have the Dr. on the hip. And in view of these different definitions, we see where they hold no relation whatever with the principles of Sociology, and, since now, we know that these are facts, it is with consistent, that I ask the Dr. upon what authority does he hold the American Negroes in a state of amazement? Why keep them under the influence of strange, unaccountable mys-> teries? That although every created thing is, in one sense a mys¬ tery to us, the word mystery can not be applied to the already discovered science, or, in fact, to anything that is known to be true any more than obscurity can be applied to light. Am¬ erica, for instance, prior to its discovery by the visionary navigator Columbus, appeared as a mystery to the people of the Old World, as, its existence, to them, was, as we know, but a matter of mere supposition; but, since the actual exist¬ ence of the New World, became more familiar and agreeable to their senses, it no longer appeared as a mystery to them, be¬ cause its very existence is now a visible, historical, well-known fact. Therefore, the science of Sociology, which we use in the development of our societies, is, in practical principles, a visible, irrefutable universal truth, and not an unknown science 10 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois of mystery. Mystery is the antagonist of a known fact, or, a useful art or science. It is, in fact, simply a fog of human in¬ vention, that obscure truth, set up by so-called sociologists to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and reve¬ nue. Not any known branch of science envelopes itself in mystery, and, the mystery in which it is at any time enveloped is the work of its antagonist, and never of itself. The known science of sociology, therefore, being the known principles by which we develope our disjointed socie¬ ties, is a practical moral truth, and, can not have any con¬ nection or relation with mystery. The belief of the science of sociology, so far as having connection with mystery, is of all the known sciences the most easy to understand, and rest our belief upon, because, it arises, as is before observed, out of dire necessity in adjusting the complicated parts of organized society. In fine, a secret is no secret if the whole world knows it; and, neither can anything, be truthfully called a mystery if the whole world is in possession of its secrets. A thing is only a mystery so long as its secrets remain unknown, or, un¬ exposed, but—when its secrets once become publicly known, it, then, ceases to be a mystery. In fine, it is a contradiction in terms and ideas to call anything a mystery that had been forced to impart its secrets. And, now, lastly, but, not the least, what is the definition of "mystery?" Let, us see. Here we are. "Mystery," a pro¬ found secret; something whblly unknown, or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or won¬ der; something beyond human comprehension; a medieval dramatic representation or composition, of which Dr. DuBois is a marked type based wholly upon theoretical education and false principles of Sociology. Think of a man styling himself as a recognized authority upon the principles of Sociology, in¬ structing the intelligent public with foolish ideas that are in no way related to that branch of science, and—ideas that he himself can neither conceive nor explain! A greater absurdity than this can not present itself to the understanding of man. It is impossible to calculate the countless subtleties, or absurdi- 11 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois ties which these artful leaders, educators and lieing preachers have imposed upon the credulity of the American Negroes. I now come down more readily to the Doctor's Reply— this is to say—if it can rightfully be called a reply. But, in advance permit me to state that the evidence I have produced to prove that Dr. DuBois was mistaken on his system of edu¬ cation, the principles of sociology, and his unwanton attack upon Mr. Garvey, is extracted from the Doctor's articles them¬ selves published in the December and January issues of the Crisis; and, the evidence which I have produced acts like a double-edged sword, either way. If the evidence be denied, then the authenticity of the true and genuine principles of sociology is denied with it, for it is purely sociological evi¬ dence, of which Dr. Du Bois, as a recognized sociologist is sup¬ posed to be an authority of, and, therefore, if the evidence should be admitted, which, of course, it is, owing to the Doc¬ tor's silence upon the matter, then, the Doctor's criticism of Garveyism is far worse than foolish, and, disapproved the Doctor's authority on the principles of the science of sociology; and, promotes Garvey, the accused, in the Doctor's place, as the real qualified sociologist, as, indeed, the latter is more in point with the principles of that branch of science, by the way of material practibility. The Dr. simply talks big things, where, Mr. Garvey does big things, and, as, those big things that he is doing comes under the head of developing society, the evidence still leaves the man, as before stated, as an indisputable sociologist-, in both deeds and words. Therefore, the Dr., in his attack, has placed himself in the same predicament of a drowning man between two gulfs; he is at a loss as to which way to strike out; moreover, the contradictory impossibilities contained in the Doctor's foolish articles, puts him in another case of a man on trial in a court of justice, who, swears for and against himself. Either evidence convicts him of per¬ jury, and, equally destroys his reputation. Thus much for the first convicting evidence. We have now, at last, arrived at the Doctor's so-called reply. 12 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois Dr. Du Bois' attack upon the Honorable Marcus Garvey appeared in the December and January issues of the Crisis; the first edition of my "answer" in the "Mistakes Of Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois," was published and placed on sale the twelfth day of the following February, of which I was good enough to mail to the Dr., free of cost, the first dozen copies that came off the press, inclosing a brief note kindly reqesting him to refute the work, if he could, and, if not, to be manly and honorable enough to extend an immediate and unconditional apology to the Honorable Marcus Garvey, and, take his defeat as he would a victory. But, lo! what did Mr. Garvey get? And, in like manner what was his reply to my answer? The Dr. had ample time from the twelfth of February, upon the receipt of my copies, to splice in his respond in the March issue of his Crisis. But, what, in the manner of an apology or answer did we get? In the March issue of the Crisis the Dr., in all his cunning- ness, and meekness of hypocrisy, gives us this poor excuse of an apology: "A CORRECTION" Under the caption "Marcus Garvey" we published in our December and January numbers two articles which incidentally discussed the Affairs of the Black Star Line Steamship Cor¬ poration. We regret that certain statements therein might be misconstrued. Our statement that the Yarmouth is a wooden vessel was incorrect, as it is in fact steel. We have naturally no intention to embarrass this corporation in its business or operations." Great heavens! this single dash of the pen cannot on the score of manners be called either an apology, answer nor correction. It won't do! Such a half-hearted attempt at cor¬ rection is not worthy the recognition or respect of the world of civilities or the injured fame of a God-sent reformer. And for my part, I reject it. It may be said, and, it is said, with truth, that one who is honest enough to acknowledge his mistakes is no fool after all. Accepted. But, where in the above so-called correction has the Dr. acknowledged his mis¬ takes as exposed in my "answer?" In his brief one-pointed 13 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois article (I won't call it either a correction, answer or apology,) the Dr. even lacked both the moral courage and intellectual honesty as to mention, or, even treat on those all-absorbing points which I singled out to him so emphatically throughout the First Part of the "Mistakes Of Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois." But this is nothing new, because, I said, recollect, while writing out the original manuscript for the first edition of Part One that such a shrewed, cunning, adroit sociologist as the Dr. would refuse to contest or answer the much desired questions un¬ less he was probed to do so, (see second par., page 17,) and, now, I hold, in this part, that his profound silence on those essen¬ tial points, ought, now, be a positive visible proof, in the minds of the most stupid, that the Doctor's false system of educating his followers has every criterion of being a mere childish game of "Hide-go-seek" successfully played on the strength of his much vaunted popularity and the science of sociology. Principles must stand on their own merits, and, if they are good, they certainly will. To play the game of Hide-go- seek, under the shelter of the authority of sociology, as the Dr. is doing, serves to bring him and his silence on my ques¬ tions into public suspicion. Those who has the Dr. in their pay are of right to demand a hearing from the Dr. upon all the foregoing questions embodied in my contentions. But, I am well enough acquainted with the Dr. to know that he would very cheerfully refute my work if he could, but, upon observ¬ ing where I had him bottled up air-tight from every angle of the subjects, he now tries to console his self-injured pride by extending a helpless crack-brained apology to Mr. Garvey on the Steamship Yarmouth, and, that, too, without his signature of sincerity affixed thereto. It is quiet true, that his socalied correction may be accepted as an apology upon that one par¬ ticular phase of the controversy; but, what, I ask, is hia single mistake on the Black Star Line Steamship Corporation in pro¬ portion to his much greater blunders on his false system of ed¬ ucating the Negroes; his narrow views on a free and redeemed Africa, his assumed authority as a leader of the Race, and, his crooked principles on sociology? These, and, these alone. 14 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois are the all-absorbing questions that I begged him to treat upon, and apologize accordingly. It is the greater, and, not the lesser, that is open for reason and science to explain. The Dr., as I know him, is an authority on handling mere trifles. But: — "Trifles, like straws on the surface flow, He who would search for pearls must dive below." Even his so-called correction is but little better than a theory; a dull school boy, making his first attempt at composi¬ tion, would hardly been excusable for writing out such a sub¬ ject under the heading of "A Correction." Let me not be mis¬ construed, I beg not the Dr. to apologize to me; for, he owes me no reparation; the apology, I deem, rightfully belongs to the Honorable Mr. Garvey, the creator of those noble principles which the Dr. attacked; unlike the Dr. I'll have no false glory showered down upon me; in fact, as a loyal scout of the U. N. I. A., I assume no other position, in the present controversy than Mr. Garvey"s voluntary unpaid attorney. To know that the Dr. went out of the way to trample under foot good moral principles dedicated for the uplift of my- sadly handicapped people, of which I, for one, had contributed to establish, was enough, within itself, to summon me to the defense of those glorious colors—the Red, Black, and the Green. Therefore, when the Dr., or any person on his side of the question, make up their minds to contest all those interroga¬ tive principles stipulated in my "answer" and, show the disap¬ pointed anxious-waiting public world good reason why the American Negroes should lose all interest in their Mother Africa; why they should remain in a white man's America; with nothing to live or hope for; from whence he derived his authority upon the principle that the American Negro Prob¬ lem can, and, will, be solved upon an equal footing with the American whites; why there is no possible danger of an inter¬ racial competition upon this continent;.why he is not using if qualified, the true principles of sociology in adjusting this cursed Race Issue; from what source of authority does he derive his much assumed leadership over the American Negroes, 15 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois and, of what right- has he to poison the mind of a noble race against the pure and genuine principles of Garveyism; then, and, not until then, will I cheerfully remove this necessary work from the public literary market, and, until he adhere to the principles I here lay down, I shall stand nobley erect, and, go on publishing edition after edition with a ten-fold greater determination, and, I shall, in the meantime, take the public's sense of fairplay as my guide, and all of those personally ac¬ quainted with me in the many branches of my Great Universal School, can, and, will ,truthfully say, that I, Wheeler Sheppard, is no flatterer. The subject, indeed, is somewhat interesting; we have here in Dr. Du Bois a character looming high in the great re¬ public of letters; a man of national, if not universal fame— bold as a Knight of Old, with the knowledge of a public library, and, as shrewd as the nimblest of wits—this man, as we have seen, enters the intellectual arena of joint-debate, and, starts something that he could not finish, and, now he would have an intelligent public to believe that "he has done his duty by the way of a so-called correction."—but, he has not performed his duty. As already understood, he started a heated controversy on the principles of sociology; but, alas,! like the coward of Dunkard, after having hurled his lance of challenge, he had been forced to retreat from the positions which he thought he had taken amidst flying colors; he had fled in disorder; and, he is now, as we see, a case in point- with his own opinion, that, "The age of nonsense is gone!" ~~ It has ever been the practice of nearly all the Negro preachers, and all Negro politicians and educators of the Old Negro School, to impose their theories on the world as a mass of truth, and as the only solution to this American Negro Problem; they have even disputed and wrangled, and anthem- atized one another about the supposed solution of the problem; the preachers have said and insisted that the solution of the Problem; lies wholly with the decision of God Almighty (as if God Almighty did not endow them with enough brains and wits to work out their own earthly destiny); the Negro poli- 16 Mistakes oj Dr. W. E. B Du Bois ticians that it lied in the American body politics; a third, that it lied in something different from both; a fourth, in indus¬ trial education; and the fifth, that it lied in neither the one or the other, but, in something altogether different from all the others; and, they, in turn, have presented to us the higher education as the only "sure-cure remedy," and, this is what they please to call solving the Race Question. It won't do! It has happended that all the attacks made upon the Hon¬ orable Marcus Garvey, came directly from these various Negro quarters, and, these men, like their predecessors, contend and wrangle, and pretend to understand, the real solution of the question ;and, as we see, each understands it differently, but, each understands it best; and, they have agreed in nothing but telling their readejrs and listeners, that the Honorable Marcus Garvey understands-^ not — — .When these so-called authorities on this Race Issue tell nsrtf* wp oart polypi, w^h success, our life's problems, in_thgsfi United States, we are not obliged t.o believe them, because they had no other authority for their belief sthan some of these Negroes telling them so; and, I have no other authority for it than the present day Negro theorists telling me so. " If this Negro Problem is to be solved on the principle of "equality," which, don't forget, is the only true principle of solution, the question at this point presents itself—Which is to decide?—the whites or the blacks? The answer comes readily —the whites, as a. matter of course. When, therefore, these theorists begin to harp on the possible solution of the Race Issue in this white Man's Country, it is exceedingly proper that we should ask—"Who told you so. And how would you gd to. prove it?" And,TikewIse7-^t may be so." And what, then? Nothing-'that tEey may have safd liTTavor of their argumentsT" A thing that everybody is required to believe, requires that the - proof and evidence of it be equal to all alike—nationally, if not universally—but, as the white man's testimony, which should be nothing less than his practical laws and enforcement, is" the only legal evidence that could give sanction to the doubtful in¬ structions of these Negro theorists, the whole of the latter's 17 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois theories falls to the ground with a smashing crash, because that white man's evidence never was given. That millions of foolish Negroes still believe that the white man will some day place them on an equal footing with him (for credulity is not a crime,) is what I have no doubt of. In the first place, they had been educated to believe it under the study of this false system of sociology, and they would have believed anything else in the same manner. Had they been educated that they were giggling idiots, ragtime fools, and religious cranks, it would have answered just the pur¬ pose; they would have believed the same identical things, but, in this case, they would have been more in point- with truth and exactness—for, what else are they? These same millions have become so enthusiastically en¬ raptured in their false beliefs of a bright and happy future in this white man's country, that the vehemence of the brutal idea has forbidden and deterred them from examining into the ab¬ surdity and profaneness of their education. The more un¬ natural anything is, the more it is capable of becoming the object of dismal admiration. But if objects for gratitude and admiration are the desires of the American Negroes, do they not, with unerring certainty, present themselves every hour to our eyes? Do we not see a fair and bountiful Africa prepared to - receive us the instant we are born—one of God's choicest gifts furnished to our hands, that cost us nothing? Is this magnificent continent, and the countless blessings she indi¬ cates in the present and future, nothing to us? Can our gross feelings be excited by no other subjects than those pertaining to a'jwhite man's country—its discriminations, tragedies, that much desired, "equality" and race suicide? ^he apology that is very often made for detaining the Negroes in America is, that, as a people just out of slavery, that are not yet fully prepared to meet with the strenuous conditions of colonization or self-government. But the now four visible independent Negro nations of the world, would leave a thinking mind under the impression that somebody or bodies, has told a cruel, wicked lie. 18 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois The mind of any race, whether in or out of slavery, has a natural disposition to scientific knowledge, and the things connected with it; for, the very first and favorite amusement of a child, even before it begins to play, is that of imitating the works of man. It cuts channels through creeks, launches its toy boats, and sends them on their distant voyages down the hand-made channels to the main streams; we can now see it- building houses out of various materials ; as a change of scenes, it begins next to send up soap bubble baloons; then, by the way of relaxation, it erects miniature railroads; it next proceeds to set up a toyland city with its well-laid out- streets, parks and public buildings; now we see it damming the stream of a gutter; from this he finally turns its attention to its child¬ ish ways of studying the animal, vegetable and minerable king¬ doms; and, from these he mounts his hobby horse and charges back and forth; his eyes next falls upon his kite, and, if he sees where the weather permits, his kite is soon soarding high into the elements; uniformed, at last, as a field general, he assumes command of his army of tin soldiers; and, in fine; it interests itself in the fate of its work with a care that re¬ sembles affection. And, now, this same child, if a Negro, after¬ ward goes to a white man's school and church in a white man's country, where its genius is^finallv destroyed by thejbarren stuciy-0| a false sociology and theology and, consequently, both patriotism" and philosophy are lost to Africa and its God-given As I before said in the Former Part of this work, when it becomes necessary to do a certain thing I believe in going into it for all that it is worth or else keep out of it all together.' Let us, then, briefly, consider the political and social affairs of the American Negroes apart from those of the American whites, if, as the Dr. says, we must get right down to "fed- rock business." As the American Negroes are virtually a nation within a nation, it, is, therefore, expedient that we do so. s As we know, what is called the American Negro society, consists of people of every shade, hue, color and complexion, of every texture of hair, and of every degree of intellect. When, there- 19 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois fore, we travel down this long file of miscellaneous production of humanity, and, single out the very units that are wholly responsible for the class, or, rather, cast distinction, among the whole; it will be no difficult matter to gain the exact ideas of this uncalled for prejudice against the Garvey's Movement; and, the reason why the American Negro has ever been kept, as a disjointed and demoralized people even years before Marcus Garvey's advent into American life. When we begin our investigation at the tail end of the long file, of the varieties of colors, our eyes limit themselves upon the black man, and, there they stop; but-, when our eye or imagination darts further down the file—that is, look upon the next variety in order, which the Negro calls "brown skin," we can not define the fault even at this point, and if for the sake of resting our ideas, we may be led to suppose that the next variety, "light brown skin" must be the object of our search, but, as supposition counts for nothing, where truth and exactness are concerned, the question immediately renews it¬ self, and asks, which is the next shade or color? and in the same manner, which is the real instigator? and so on till the searching eye of philosophy finally detects the guilty class, and truth returns with a pointed finger of scorn, and cries out: "Ah! here's the michief-maker-the mullato! """ ^Ve have now reached the very ^ortgmators of the mischief, which, after a few more observations will bring us in conflict with the Doctor's much prized phrase—"bed-rock.' ' First and foremost, Garvey is a full-blooded Negro; Du- Bois is a French mullato; the former is a mark production of a God+Given Race with a country and flag to live and hope for; where, on the other hand, the latter, is an off-spring of white and black, with neither Race, flag or country, to live or hope for-^save those, of course, which Garvey invited him to share along with him. And every mullato who has taken exception against- Garveyism is, and of right to be classed as a Du Bois. These American mullatoes, save a few (and but few) in con¬ sideration of their light complexion has ever boasted of their superiority over the American blacks; their foolish "Blue- 20 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois vein societies and church" will go to prove the truth of this indictment without refutation; moreover, they have, without the consent of the blacks, assumed the Race's leadership; and, in so doing they have, as American history will, and does prove, become a menace to both races. All principal so-called leaders of the American Negroes from Fredrick Douglas on down the long file till we meet with Dr. Du Bois were mul- latoes. And at this juncture, the question would naturally arise: To what extent has the American Negroes advanced under the leadership of these mullatoes? I answer point- blankly, not one step. If anything, they have receded, for, the American Negroes do not even posses the rights that they en¬ joyed forty years ago, and, under the malignant leadership of these mullatoes, we, as a people, are losing ground every day. Like the whites and people of color in America, the mullatoes and blacks, as a rule, has nothing in common; as already ob¬ served, the mullatoes imagine themselves superior to the very people whom they would lead; these would-like-to-be-white- folks leaders are, in fact, absolutely disinterested in the wel¬ fare of the Race, as, they have no race themselves that they can rightfully call their own. they have therefore, in view of this fact, taken the same steps, in their leadership, as a joker of a deck of cards, who, only concerns himself about the gambler in possession of the most money and power. In other words, these mullato leaders has ever been the faro-tables of the whites, and the blacks the dupes of the game. Where, indeed, the Universal Negro Improvement Association is open for the reception of the mullatoes a,s well as for any other people of Negro blood, yet, and—still, this so-called superior class will, just like their Dr., insist upon remaining out of the Grand Movement, as if the leadership of an honorable black man was simply repulsive to their dignified sense of feelings. Foolish people! Yet the black man has been good enough to take to his side this out-cast human garbage without any racial identity, whatever, and call them sisters and brothers. They know that the sun has never shone upon a greater cause than the Universal Negro Improvement Association. But, alas! that 21 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois word "Negro" and "Black leadership!" As we now see, these mullatoes act neither in the character of a Negro or a white man, but, in the fawning character of that creature, known in all countries and by all races, as a friend to none, yes, a traitor. Whether it be in Europe, Asia, Africa, America, or the islands of the sea in expectation, signifies not; for, the caterpillar principles of all traitors are alike. Seeing as we do, these mullatoes has formed a common policy among themselves, de¬ tached and separated from the interest of the black man, and, while they appear to quarrel among themselves; they have, nevertheless, mutually agreed to mislead, dispise and plunder the blacks. Nothing, therefore, can be more terrible to these mullatoes, than the recognized leadership of this jetblack, wooly headed Marcus Garvey. They are incapable of perceiving where wool is by far more valuable than horse hair. That which black Garveyism deems as a blessing to the whole Negro Race is bitterness to them; and, as their existence has ever depended on the duplicity of the blacks, they can but now tremble at the establishment of the square and fair principles of a black leader, and, therefore, they dread the precedent that has overthrown their non-productive leadership. Of a truth, as many blacks will endorse, this particular class of mullatoes has even taken themselves outside of all the limits of the Negro Race; they have taken upon themselves to traduce black men and women in language the beastliest I ever heard or read of; and, speaking for myself, I defy them—any mul- latto, I say, who maintains that black men and women are not asjgood as the greatest creatures that God can make; is an un,appreciative barbarian; yea, I denounce him as a culminator of my race; a dangerous maligner of their civil, political, nat¬ ural, and God-given rights. The black man's home has ever be^n as asylums and places of refuge for these out-cast mul¬ latoes; the white man will have none of them regardless of their outward physical appearance, and, were the black man to kick them out of his race, they would be a pitiful sight, indeed. As it is, the blacks has enough handicaps without being jeered and hooted at by a parcel of ungrateful mongrels. 22 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois There is now but two things that these mullatoes must do, (yes and do it quick,) they must either become a loyal part of the Black Race, or get out from amongst decent people altogether, and, set up, if they can, a distinct race of their own and be glorified. Thus much for this part of the investi¬ gation. It requires but a small glance of thought to percieve that the Doctors' intention was to hoodwink the public into believ¬ ing that all the worthy Negro talent and brain were on his side of the question, but, now, since he can not, with all his over-rated fame and gray matter, refute the work I have placed against his oppositions, he is destitute of all principles to recognize even the merits or openly acknowledge, the mer¬ its of my "answer," or, offer the much required apology, out of fear, of course, that it would be conferring too much honor upon the author of the work, or, the principles of Garveyism at the expense of his own shattered reputation. I see the dodge; it is as plain as day; indeed, this man, Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, is too rediculous even for criticism. Where he is not very fond of dividing his honors, he is, nevertheless, artfully dividing the disgrace. Even the Doctor's acknowledgment of his mistake on the Steamship Yarmouth, is a frank and opened admission of his utter defeat in the controversy; it would from every legal view point, pass for consent in any court of justice, and, his silence upon the other greater points in dispute, would equally convict him on the charge of downright contempt of court. The Dr. knows these are facts, no doubt, far better than the readers themselves. Had not my "answer" been based wholly upon hard-headed facts, I might have left the Dr. an opening in which he could have brought his heavy theoretical batteries into display, but, on observing where lie could not successfully combat my invincible breast-works of stubborn facts, he, therefore, endeavors to get over my head by the strategy of diplomacy. But, however, the former has failed him, and, the latter has betrayed him, and, since his ad¬ mission of his mistake in the material of the ship Yarmouth, speaks volumes in favor of my "answer;" it also, frankly 23 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois affirms that my "answer" had taught the Dr. a stern lesson or two on the distant relationship between a fact and a theory; apparently he percieves the difference now; that in the great republic of letters both must stand upon their own worth; facts against facts; theories against theories. As much as has been written and said of the advantages of Race reconciliation, in America, which, like an agreeable dream, has passed away into the atmosphere of oblivion, and, left us, as a forgotten people, as we were, still in boiling water; it is but right that we should (if we be sensible humans of any self-respect at all) permit our reason to act, and examine the contrary side of the argument, and, inquire into some of the countless material injuries, as a different Race of People sustain, and, always will sustain, as a different class, beneath the flag of the dominant white man's country. To examine our true relation and dependency, on the natural principles of sociology, to see what we, as a people have to gain, to se£ what we have to trust to, if separated, and, what we are to expect, if dependent industrial, financial, social and political beggars in an alien race's country. So far I have not, I hope, showed any disposition in this or the former part of the in¬ vestigation, to be in any light disrepectful towards the white man, not because I fear the consequences; on the contrary; but, because I, in fact, admire him for his progressive spirit to Do and To Dare; yea, so far as censuring him, I glory in his unfailing dare-devil adventurous spirit of pioneership and creative genius. This is for the white man. It is no fault of the white man that the thoughtless American Negroes will in¬ sist upon being a backward people, to permit themselves to become the dupes of scrupulous white and black dastards and liars; the American Negroes has the same freedom and liberty as the white Europeans to throw off the yoke of political and industrial serfdom and colonize themselves abroad as pioneers, and, become men among men, and nations among nations. What's good for the most favored race of people, ought, and is a fixed rule for the government of every other division of the human family. There was a time back in the old chattel 24 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois negro slavery when the Negro was ever trying to get out of the United States, into Canada or Liberia in order to better his condition; but, now, since he owns himself and, enjoys a de¬ gree of political freedom, he has, as we have seen, lost the last percentage of his former adventurous spirit, and, that, too, after the white man had been good enough to give him the independent Negro State of Liberia, in West Africa, and, main¬ tained its existence lo! these many years by the military and naval forces of the United States. Ungrateful people! What is it they want, anyhow? The white man's country, and his women into the bargain? It looks it from what I can see and hear among them. If, now, I say, the American Negroes really want to be free and independent, let them, then, cease taking up the white man's past- time as a profession, and, get terribly serious in building up a greater Liberia, and, colonize them¬ selves thereto. Until he does this, he is unworthy a rational consideration; a man, or, shall I say, a half of man, who lacks all sense of self-respect, cannot with consistent, demand the respect of others. It- is strictly against the laws of human nature, and, human nature must, and, will have its course. We hear a good deal of nonsense on the part of these so- called authorities on the Negro Problem, to the effect that as the Negroes has already practically built up America, that the same connection is necessary towards their future happiness, and, will always have the same effect. It is a downright lie!— I won't call it a mistake. Nothing can be more ridiculous than this kind of argument. If these authorities (so-called) can amuse themselves with such childish comparisons, they are at liberty to proceed; I shall not interrupt them, where little is known the least is expected, the public markets are simply glutted with such raw material; the field of logic are too broad and deep for their narrow views to explore; for, to say that these logger-headed authorities are right in their con¬ tentions, is as true as to say, that, because the Negro was once a chattel slave, that he should never be permitted to enjoy freedom, or, that since he is an original tropical plant of Africa, he should have never been brought to America, in the 25 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois first place, against his will, and, that by insisting upon re¬ maining here in contempt of his many grievance, will not help his cause any. But, the knowledge does not stop here; for, I answer roundly, that the American Negro, with his present degree of dearly bought civilization, will flourish as much, and, probably more, under an independent African government of his own; well, yes, even, the teeming millions of native Afri¬ cans, would have flourished 80 per cent better under their own respective tribal governments, had no European power had anything to do with them. And to give out such instruction, would be equally true as to say, that neither the American or African Negroes can stand alone, when, in fact-, they, or, at least the Africans, were existing alone, about as well as the average .thousands of years before either America or Africa, were discovered by white navigators; therefore, the very tal¬ ent and industry, with which the American Negro is enrich¬ ing these white men's United States, ought to be made to en¬ rich the Negro himself; his talent and industry art the neces¬ saries of life, and, mind you, they will have a ready market under an independent government ^ of his own in Africa, as well as in Europe or America. Volumes have been written upon the subject of the exist¬ ing strained relations between the American whites and blacks. Men and women of all ranks, and, of all races, have entered the heated controversy, from different motives, and with var¬ ious designs; but, as we know, and, as we can see, they all have been ineffectual; they were all of no consequence, and, of no avail; they, one and all alike have fell short of the goal— no, not one has yet, struck that much desired target, and, therefore, in full view of all these repeated failures, 'the old non-productive period of joint-debate ought to be brought to a close—and, in fact, it is closed. Garveyism, the last- remedy of resort, must now decide the contest; in an audible tone of voice the white man's slogans still ring in my greedy ear— "purope for the Europeans! America for the whites! The black man has no rights in America that the white man is bound to respect.'" He hasn't, eh? Very well. Here we are! 26 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois These has ever been the white man's slogans, especially during the late World War; the white man has made no secret of it; he has voiced his sentiment full and fair. This, then, is enough! Europe and America is his by choice, and, therefore, Marcus Garvey has cheerfully accepted the challenge, with—"Africa for the Africans! Render unto the Africans the things which are the Africans! In Africa the white man has no rights that the black man is bound to respect!'" This, then, is what I would properly call paying a man off in his own coin, and, for my part, I can have no objection. Therefore, we have heard talk enough on this crazy Negro Problem. And we have now done with the old cringing Uncle Tom's way in trying to solve it; Garveyism has the New and Only Practical Way to Solve it Once and for all Time; under this new and practical way, there is going to be less Uncle Tom's foolery, and more practical work. Enough talk; too much nonsense. We have listened to all the drowsy, idealess, vapid speeches, lectures and sermons that we wish to hear. True is the old saying—that a man of sense will always give a practical man a hearing, but a fool won't. This, then, is the position of Garveyism; we give to every man the same Tights that we claim for ourselves in the sense of a fair and. square hearing. But we have long ago heard the voice from your Old Submissive School of Giggling Idiots, knee-knockers* and head-scratchers; we want something new; give now the other fellow a hearing. We have read your books and works by your best authors. Indeed, we have almost been bored to death by the eloquence of your so-called authorities and silver-, tongued orators. We have tenderly nursed and cared for your sadly worn-out shin-bones. We have heard your monotonous prayers, your solemn groans and your reverential amens. Wo heard of your late war-slogans on "self-determination" the "rights of the smaller nations," and, "Races." All of these amount to less than nothing. We want one fact. We beg—yes, we prostrate ourselves at the feet of the Goddess of Reason for just one little fact. We pass our hats from door to door and implore you for just one 27 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois fact. Yes, just, and only one. One's enough and a plenty. We know all about your stale and mouldy past and present ( histories—what you have, and, what you haven't done. We want a this year's fact—a 1921 fact—one that will, once and for all time, define the Solution to this Dreaded Negro Problem. We ask for the pitiful sum of only one—and, that one lies in the exodus of the American Negroes to Liberia, Africa, for the material good of both Races. Wherefore, seeing, as we do, I have met the Dr., who himself first gave the challenge, upon his own theoretical fields of battle, and, I have conquered him with his own weapon of defense—Sociology. If, therefore, the public should hereafter lose faith in the Dr.'s false system of education, it is not no fault of mine; I have done no more than extracted the evidence from the con¬ fused mass of matter with which it is mixed, and, arranged that evidence in an orderly point of light to be clearly seen and easily comprehended; and, having done this, I now cheer¬ fully leave the whole for the Doctor's refutation, but, since even a doctor can not always boast of clear brains, I also leave it to the refutation that the world of sociology can ever hope of producing in the manner of authority. Yea; I challenge the warmest advocates to show the contrary, to show a single fact in favor of Dr. DuBois' arguments. I here repeat the challenge; not a single fact can he or others advance in his favor. Let, now, the Dr. backed by his vast army of support¬ ers show the contrary. Show down! Mark it on the slate. No slipping or sliding about. To the point! Honor bright! Fair and square! Keep those brutal cracked-brained theories in the dark. No longer will any threatening demonstration avail; there shall be no compromising nor modifying of terms. Nothing short of an orderly arranged of visible facts will pass for consent. Nothing more; nothing less. Having now, at last, stripped Dr. Du Bois of his non-pro¬ ductive theories, false system of education, and make-believe principles of Sociology, on which stood his forged popularity and undeserving notoriety, and, there remains nothing now of the Dr. but a self-criminated and convicted mortal, found guilty of * 28 Mistakes of Dr. W. E. B Du Bois manufacturing stories, fables, traditions, invented absurdities, and downright lies, without even the apology of credulity. But, as the penalty for the Doctor's crime—yes, crime, I said—(for it deserves no better name), can not, according to parliamen¬ tary laws, governing controversies, consist of no other penalty than an honorable refutation, I here rest the matter of refuta¬ tion in the hands of the Dr., where it rightfully belongs. And, now, ye followers of Dr. Du Bois, and, ye disciples of the Old Fabulous Negro Church and School, and, all ye American Negroes outside of the Progressive Army of the U. N. I. A.,—in view of this mass of irrefutable evidence against your guilty leaders, what recourse have ye now to fall back upon? Why, I pray, in contempt of this convicting evi-. dence against your wicked educators and preachers, continue to stand idly by as if bereft of reason, gazing upon that prou