FROF. SAMUEL T. MITCHELL, A. M.
President,—Elected, 1884.
THE-e—H-
WlLBERFORCE ALDMNAL
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
OF THE
ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND PRESENT STATUS
■of-
WlLBERFORCE UNIVERSITY,
Compiled bt b. w. arnett Cor. Secretary of Alumni Association
^ and
S. T. MITCHELL President Wilberforce University;
XENIA, OHIO:
Printed at The Gazette Office.
—1885 -v—
The Wilberforce Alumnal,
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF SELF-EDUCATION.
It is the object of this pamphlet to give to the Alumni of
Wilberforce University, and to the public generally, a brief
historical statement of the inception and development of the
educational work of the A. M. E. Church, as it relates to Wil¬
berforce, and to present such data and information as shall show
the importance of the work that has been undertaken and accom¬
plished.
In 1833, the Ohio, or Pittsburg Conference, the youngest of
the A. M. E. Conferences, had the honor, according to Bishop
D. A. Payne, of being first to utter a word in favor of the sacred
and ennobling cause of education. Their sentiments are recorded in
the following resolutions by Rev. Lewis Woodson :
" Resolved, As the sense of this house, that common schools,
Sunday-schools and temperance societies are of the highe&t im¬
portance to all people, but more especially to our people.
" Resolved, That it shall be the duty of every member of this
Conference to do all in his power to promote and establish these
useful institutions among our people."
In 1834, the Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York Confer¬
ences followed the example of their younger sister, and passed
similar resolutions.
In 1838, the Ohio Conference urged her ministers to preach
sermons to all their congregations on Education. Temperance and
Moral Reform, and in 1840, required four discourses annually on
Education and Sunday-school Work. This was followed in 1841
by the appointment of a committee, composed of Revs. W. C.
Yancy, M. T. Newsome, Chas. H. Peters and Geo. Cary, to in¬
quire how far the preachers had carried out the spirit of the
resolutions of the preceding year. In 1843, the same requirement
was made of the local ministers.
4 the wilbekforce alumnal.
ITS CRYSTALIZATION IX THE OHIO CONFERENCE.
On September 21st, 1844, a plan for selecting a suitable loca¬
tion, in which to erect a seminary of learning, was brought for¬
ward by M. T. Newsome, and a committee appointed to make
selection somewhere in the State of Michigan, and report throu h
the A. M. E. Church Magazine.
Rev. M. J. Wilkerson was appointed an agent to solicit funds
for said purpose.
At the subsequent session, 1845, the committee reported as
follows :
" We, your committee, appointed by the Ohio Annual Con¬
ference of the A. M. E. Church, met in the City of Columbus,
September 17,1844, to select a tract of land for the purpose of
erecting a seminary of learning, on the Manual Labor plan, for
the instruction of the youth among us, in the various branches of
literature, science, agriculture, and mechanic arts; and also for
those young men who may desire to prepare their minds for the
work of the ministry.
"Being destitute of means to pay our .traveling expenses to
the State of Michigan, to seek its location there, we have selected
one in Franklin county, Ohio, twelve miles west of Columbus, and
two miles north of the National Road, containing 172 acres of
land, which can be purchased for SI,720.00, to be paid for in
installments, etc. " M. T. Newsome,
" Lewis Adams,
"Thos. Lawrence."
The report was adopted, and, through the success of their
agent, Rev. M. J. Wilkerson, the property was purchased, and
thus was laid the foundation of Union Seminary.
In due time a charter was secured from the General Assem¬
bly of Ohio.—under which a Board of Trustees was organized :
In 1847 the Rev. J. M. Brown, now Bishop, was placed in
charge, assisted by Mrs. Frances E. Harper nee Watkins, and a
colored seminary, Wilberforce in embryo, began its existence.
Rev. Edward D. Davis succeeded Rev. J. M. Brown as Prin¬
cipal of the' Seminary in 1851, and remained at its head until 1863,
when Wilberforce was purchased and the effects of the Union
Seminary were transferred to this institution.
the ohio conference to co-operate with the cincinnati
conference,
Returning to events more directly relating to the establishment
of Wilberforce University,the proceedings of the Ohio Annual Con-
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
5
ference, August 22, 1855, indicate that the Presiding Bishop was
requested to present any communication he had relating to the
agency of John F. Wright, of the Cincinnati M. E. Conference
on the subject of the Education of the colofed people.
The Bishop (D. A Payne) stated an interview he had with
the Cincinnati Conference, in its last session, and the friendly ex¬
pressions manifested by that body. Rev. J. F. Wright made
some remarks explaining his plan and the work intended by the
Conference, relative to the cause of education.
The" following resolutions were unanimously adopted :
Resolvtd, That a special committee of three be appointed by
the Bishop, whose duty it shall be to "take this subject recom¬
mended by Brother Wright, into special consideration, and that
an agent be appointed who shall act in behalf of the Conference,
as Rev. Wright is in behalf of the Cincinnati Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church.
The resolutions were adopted and the Ohio Conference was thus
pledged to co-operate with the Cincinnati Conference in the
education of colored youth.
THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF 1856.
The subject was brought before the General Conference of the
A. M. E. Church in Cincinnati, O., May44th, 1856, by Bishop D.
A. Payne, introducing to the Conference Rev. John F. Wright
and Rev. Mansfield French, of the Cincinnati Conference of the
M. E. church.
They explained the object of their mission, namely to get the
co-operation of the A. M. E. church, in the establishment of a col¬
lege in the State of Ohio, for colored youth or people.
Rev. M. M. Clark offered the following resolutions which
prevailed:
Resolved, That this General Conference highly compliments
the Cincinnati Conference of the M. E. Church, in sending to this
General Conference these worthy agents, Rev. Messrs. Wright
and French, to lay before us the subject of education, and the estab¬
lishment of a high school or college.
See page 21, Journal General Conference.
The Union Seminary continued open under the charge of
Rev. E. D. Dayis, but the Ohio Conference and the friends of
education, in connection with the Cincinnati M. E. Conference,
fostered the school at Wilberforce, Ohio, which was then known
as "Tawawa Springs." The Institution increased in numbers
and influence until the war broke out, when students, who were
from the South were called home, or were scattered, hence the
6 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
school suspended. Then it was that the thought of transferring
the whole to the A. M. E. church was seriously considered.
I find that the following is the report of Bishop Daniel A.
Payne to the Ohio Annual Conference of the A. M. E. Church at its
session at Springfield. Ohio; and also the report of the Commit¬
tee on Wilberforce and Education.
bishop payne's plan for making wilberforce university
the common property of the a. m. e. church.
To the seven Annual Conferences of the A. M. E. Church:
Reverend and Dear Brethren-.—You have all doubtless
seen, read and pondered my appeal to the ministry, laity and
friends of the A. M. E. Church, in behalf of the Wilberforce
University. This cometh now to address you, in particular, as
the guardians of the Connection, concerning our common owner¬
ship and general government of said property, with its institution
of learning. As an ecclesiastical body, you are the most numerous
most wealthy and most active of all the colored christians in the
United States; it is, therefore, the more necessary that you lead
the masses in educational interests, as you have for nearly half a
century led them in religious matters. To you I, therefore, ad¬
dress myself, confident that I will be heard, assured that I will be
heeded. Concerning the size, number and location of these
buildings, please see my appeal. Permit me now, to add that there
are not less than seventy-five rooms for sleeping, sitting, cooking,
eating and recitations, besides the chapel which will accommodate
between six and eight hundred persons. All these rooms are con¬
tained within the college and are, therefore, exclusive of those
embraced in the nine cottages. The whole establishment is located
upon 52 acres of land, some portions of which are heavily timbered,
others but slightly. This property with all its adjuncts, originally
cost between $40,000 and $45,000. It was finished and opened
for its original purposes about eleven years ago. In 1856, the
present Trustees bought for $13,500 the improvements, and other
expenses incurred since, run this sum up to about $16,000. They
now offer to sell it to the A. M. E. Church for $10,000. The repairs
and other improvements which are necessary to place it in good
working order, will require about $4,000; add this to the price we
must pay and there will be a total sum of $14,000.
Now, then, we propose the following plan for making Wil¬
berforce the common property of the A. M. E. Church, and for
securing an equal share in its government to the several annual
Conferences.
1st. Let the sum of $14,000 be divided into seven equal shares.
2d. Let each annual Conference buy one of these shares and
pledge itself to pay for it within two years from the 10th of last
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 7
March—i. e., March, 1863; becai.se this was the day on which I
assumed the responsibility.
3rd. Let each Conference pledge itself to pay one thousand
dollars within one year from the 10th of last March, and the other
thousand within two years trom said date.
4th. Let the fulfillment of these pledges entitle the Annual
Conference to equal ownership and equal government in the
property and college of Wilberfoyce.
5th. Let the ownership and government be effected by the
election of an equal number of Trustees in behalf of each Annual
Conference; provided that the above number of trustees elected
be not more than 35 or less than 21, and the representatives of
each Annual Conference be not iess than three nor more than
five. Provided, also, that one-third or two-fifths of these be
laymen.
copy of the contract made between bishop payne, of the
a. m. e. church and the trustees of
wilberforce university.
"Bishop Payne agreed on behalf of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church to take the Wilberforce University and all its
assets at the sum of ten thousand dollars, three thousand of which
is to be paid in three months from date; and he also agreed in be¬
half of said church to assume the balance of the remaining Pseven
thousand dollars of liability and receive a quit claim deed of the
property on the payment of the three thousand dollars."
"Cincinnati, March 10th, 1863. S. L. Rust, Sec.
report of committee on wilberforce university.
Whereas, The Wilberforce University, together with all the
effects, formerly belonging to the Cincinnati Conference of the
M. E. Church, is about to pass into the hands of the A M. E.
Connection for the sum of ten thousand dollars; and
Whereas, It is one of the best sites in the United States for
school purposes, and is surrounded bv a respectable class of colored
citizens, who are land-holders; and
Whereas, We need one good institution of learning in our
wide-spreading connection,well sustained and conducted; therefore
Resolved, That we highly approve of the action of our worthy
Bishop, D. A. Payne, in negotiating for the said property at the
time he did, without which action it would have passed out
of our hands forever.
Resolved, That this Conference appoint a committee of three,
who shall have full power to sell the Union Seminary farm and
its effects, located in Brown township, Franklin county, Ohio,
and the proceeds of said sale be applied to purchase and sustain
said institution. t
8
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
We, your committee, to whom was referred the duty to report
a plan by which the Conference could raise its proportional part
of the fourteen thousand dollars, named in Bishop Payne's plan, to
secure and repair Wilberforce University, to-wit: two thousand
dollars, would submit as a good plan, that each and all of the
members of this Conference pay at least one dollar, and that
all of the ministers having charge of circuits and stations, do all in
their power to collect, at the earliest possible period, at least fifty
cents from all the members and friends in their charges and for¬
ward same to the Treasurer appointed by this Conference, to re¬
ceive the same by the fifth day of June next. We would further
recommend the appointment of a general agent for our district,
who shall operate among our friends, who may not be reached by
our ministers in their several charges.
We, your Committee appointed on the subject of Education,
beg leave to report:
That we heartily concur in the purchase of Wilberforce Uni¬
versity for the elevation of our people and for the education of young
men for the ministry, that they may become competent to ex¬
pound and teach the word of life. All of which we respectfully
We have given an outline of the rise and progress of the
educational work in the north among the colored people. There
were two influences at work, the internal and the external. The
crystalization of the internal forces at the Union Seminary in
Franklin county, the crystalization of the external effort in Greene
county, show two separate and distinct forces or agencies were at
work, until finally we have them forming and uniting in the
grand effort for race elevation, in Wilberforce University, under the
control of the negro himself in the year of universal emancipa¬
tion, 1863. We now invite you to listen to the story as presented
by Bishop D. A. Payne in an article to the Commissioner of Edu¬
cation. We give his words as follows:
J. A. Shorter, j
T. A. Warren, I
J. Tibbs,
E. D. Davis,
S. Watts.
report on education.
submit.
Committee
REV. RICHARD S. RUST, I). D., LL. D.
First Active President of Wilberforce University under the
auspices of the M. E. Church.
1858-18G3.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL, 9
WILBERFORCE UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE M. E. CHURCH.
It was in one of the darkest periods of the Nation's history,
when the Cincinnati Conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, moved by the inspiration of Christian philanthropy,
appointed a committee of seven to consider and report a plan for
the improvement of the intellectual and moral condition of the
thirty thousand colored people of Ohio, and those of other free
States, by furnishing them such facilities of education as had been
generally beyond their reach. This period was that intervening
the passage of the Fugitive Slave Bill, and the breaking out of
the civil war. The demon of slavery had reached the zenith
of its power, and was preparing for its deadly struggle with the
genius of liberty. " A Brief History of the Enterprise" was
written by one of its chief actors, and is too interesting and im¬
portant a leaf in the history of our national progress to be
abridged. I therefore give it here, verbatim et liberatim. It is
from the pen of Rev. John F. Wright, D. D.:
"The mission of Methodism, like that of the Gospel, is to
every human being. All classes have engaged her attention,
especially the poor; and the colored people of this and other
lands have shared of her sympathy and labors. In 1853 some of
the ministers and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church
saw and felt the necessity of a more liberal and concentrated
effort to improve the condition and furnisti the facilities of educa¬
tion to the thirty thousand colored people in Ohio, and those of
other free States. At the session of the Cincinnati Conference,
held at Hillsboro, September 28th, 1853, on motion of Rev. A.
Lowrey, it was ordered ' that a committee of seven be appointed
bv the 'President to inquire and report to the next Conference
what can best be done to promote the welfare of the colored peo¬
ple among us.' Bishop Janes appointed the following that com¬
mittee, namely : John F. Wright, Augustus Eddy, A. Lowrey, G.
Moody, J. T. Mitchell, William I. Fee, and Charles Elliott.
REPORT OF ITS SPECIAL <^)MMITTEE.
" A majority of the committee met on the call of the chair-
.man, at the Methodist Book Concern, on the 9th of August, 1854,
and on a full and' free discussion, adopted the following brief
outline of a plan, which was judged best calculated to answer the
end had in view, and which the chairman was requested to
elaborate in a report to be presented to the Conference :
" '1. Resolved, That it is of the greatest importance, both to
the colored and white races in the free States, that all the colored
people should receive at least a good common school education ;
10 THE WILBERFORCE AKUMNAL.
and that for this purpose well-qualified teachers are indispensable.
"' 2. That the religious instruction of the colored people is
necessary to their elevation as well as their salvation.
"'■3. That we recommend the establishment of a literary
institution of-a high order for the education of the colored people
generally, and for the phrpose of preparing teachers of all grades
to labor in the work of educating the colored people in our coun¬
try and elsewhere.
" 14. That we recommend that an attempt be made, on the part
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to co-operate with the Afri¬
can Methodist Episcopal Church in promoting the intellectual and
religious improvement of the colored people.
" '5. That we recommend the appointment of a general agent
to carry out the objects proposed in the foregoing resolutions, and
to labor otherwise for the impi'ovement of the people of color.
"'6. That we will furnish all the Conferences in the free
States of the West with a copy of our resolutions, and respect¬
fully request them to co operate with us.
"'7. That the editor of the Western Christian Advocate be
requested to publish the foregoing resolutions, and call the atten¬
tion of the Conferences invited to concur in them, in such remarks
as he may deem proper.
"'John F. Wright, Chairman.
" ' A. Lowrey, Secretary.' "
Dr. C. Elliott accompanied the publication of these resolutions
with an able editorial.
further developments.
The chairman of the committee was directed to communicate
this plan to the several Conferences in the West for their consid¬
eration and concurrence. This was done, and many of those Con¬
ferences took favorable action on it, which showed that they were
not only ready to adopt the outline of this great movement, but to
assist in carrying it out.
The committee, as instructed, made a report to the Cincin¬
nati Conference, held in^he city, September 23d, 1854.
We have but little space, and can make but a short extract
from this report. It says: "We give no countenance to any
theory which goes to deprive the black man of his full share in
our common humanity, but hail him as a man, a brother, in accord¬
ance with that grand affirmation of the Bible, which must forever
settle the unity of the human race ; that God ' hath made of one
blood all nations of men, for to dwell on the face of the earth.'
Hence, we cordially concede our obligation to do good to the col¬
ored race, according to our ability and their necessity. Here,
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 11
then, is an extensive field open for benevolent enterprise, where a
part of the large donations of the rich and the smaller contribu¬
tions of those of less ability may advantageously mingle together,
and where the patriot, the statesman, and the philanthropist of
every description may unite in the accomplishment of this noble
work "
Several resolutions were appended to the report. One recom¬
mended the establishment of a literary institution of a high order
for the education of the colored youth; and one recommended the
appointment of a general agent. The entire report was adopted
by the Conference, and John F. Wright was appointed the agent.
The general agent, although he had to serve a large district as
presiding elder, labored quite extensively, by correspondence and
otherwise, in the work assigned him, bearing his own expenses.
He succeeded in awakening a lively interest on the subject, and in
attracting the attention and exciting the hopes of the colored
people.
At the session of the Cincinnati Conference, September 28th,
1855, the committee, consisting of Rev. C. W. Swain, A. Lowrey,
and M. Dustin, to whom was referred the elevation of the colored
people, reported the following resolutions, which were adopted by
the Conference :
"Resolved, That we recommend the appointment of Rev.
John F. Wright as general agent for this Conference, to take the
incipient steps for a college for the colored people in this State.
" Resolved, That our delegates be, and are hereby instructed,
to bring this subject before the next General Conference for their
sanction and assistance.
"Resolved, That it is the duty of our general agent to co¬
operate with the African Methodist Episcopal Churches in pro¬
moting Sabbath-schools and other educational interests of the
colored people."
The Conference associated with their general agent, C. W.
Swain, A. Lowrey, M. Dustin, and M. French, to carry out the
first resolution, having reference to the eligible and valuable Xenia
Springs property, in Greene county, Ohio.
The general agent and the committee associated with him
held their first meeting at the Methodist Book Concern, Cincin¬
nati, on the 31st of October, 1855, all present except Rev. C. W.
Swain John F. Wright was appointed Chairman, and M.
French, Secretary
At this meeting the agent was authorized .to commence nego¬
tiations with the owners for the purchase of the Xenia Springs
property, that being preferred by the committee as the most
12 the wilbkreorce alumnae.
eligible location for such an institution. The agent was also
authorized to make an offer for the property, and solicit subscrip¬
tions and donations for the object.
The offer made by the agent in behalf of the committee was
declined, but the negotiations were continued till the amount of
difference between the parties was reduced to five hundred dol¬
lars. At this point Mrs. Judge McLean exerted her kind influ¬
ence in bringing about a contract for the purchase.
An offer of $13,500 was made to one of the principal owners,
who laid it before his partner in the East, and as no answer was
returned to the, Western owner for a longer time than was usual,
he inferred his friend approved of the sale, and closed the con¬
tract, agreeing to the payments proposed, and so informed his
Eastern partner.
The former letter had then been received, and he objected to
the terms on which Mr. D. had agreed to sell the property. He
came out in person and Messrs. Wright and French, after a long
interview, received from him the most favorable terms on which he
would sell, as follows: One-fourth of $13,500 to be paid down, or
a' note given, including ten per cent, interest, at sixty days, with
personal endorsers ; the balance in one and two years ; notes to be
given^by the commissioners of the Conference for the deferred
payments, with approved personal endorsers, and all secured by a
mortgage on the property, six per cent, interest to be paid semi¬
annually—allowing them only ten days to consider and comply with
the conditions.
Messrs. Wright and French soon obtained an interview with
their associates at the General Conference at Indianapolis, and after
a deliberate consultation, they all, except Rev. C. W. Swain, agreed
in order to secure this valuable and in every way suitable property
for this benevolent object, that they would sign notes for the
amount, and do what they could to procure endorsers.
In the meantime, this philanthropic work had been presented
to the General Conference, and referred to a committee, consisting
of Rev. Cyrus Brooks, Z. Connell, Moses Hill, H. E. Pilcher, M.
Dustin, F. C. Holliday, and R. Boyd. On the 22nd of May, 1856,
through their chairman, the committee made their report.
Report on the Education of Colored Youth.
The committee to whom were referred certain papers relating
to the "Education of Colored Youth," have carefully considered
the subject, and respectfully submit the following report:
HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT. •
For many years the unhappy condition of the colored people
of this country has excited the sympathy of the benevolent; and
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 13
the inquiry has been anxiously revolved, What can be done for the
improvement of that condition? In the fall of 1853, the attention
of the Cincinnati Conference was directed to this subject; and a®
committee of seven members was appointed to inquire and report
some plan of operation at the next session. This committee re¬
ported to the Conference in 1854, urging the immediate adoption
of measures for encouraging the education of the colored youth,
so as to fit them for any position or pursuit in life to which God,
in his providence, might call them. This report was adopted by
the Conference, and an agent was appointed to carry into effect
the objects contemplated. This agent, the Rev. John. F. Wright,
in addition to his ordinary duties as presiding elder of East Cin¬
cinnati District, labored quite extensively, by correspondence and
otherwise, in the work of the agency. He succeeded in awaken¬
ing a lively interest on the subject, and in arousing the attention
and exciting the hopes of the colored people themselves, who be¬
gan to see opening out before them the prospect of respectability
and usefulness. The Ohio Conference entered with great cordial¬
ity into the project; and, at its session in 1855, resolved to co-oper¬
ate with the Cincinnati Conference, and such other conferences as
chose to engage in the enterprise, in establishing " a literary insti¬
tution of a high order for the education of colored youth, male
and female" A committee was also appointed, headed by the
venerable Dr. Young, to co-operate with the committees from the
other conferences in carrying into effect the objects contemplated.
The agent of the Cincinnati Conference, in person and by letter,
communicated with the three western Conferences of the African
Methodist Episcopal church upon the subject ; and they entered
heartily into the measure. He has also visited the General Con¬
ference of that church, which is now in session in Cincinnati; and
has received assurance of the most cordial co-operation. This body
of Christians has great influence with the colored people of this
country; and the ministers, and many of the leading members of
that church, have for some years manifested a laudable zeal for the
literary as well as religious culture of their people.
LOCATION OF THE INSTITUTION.
At the last session of the Cincinnati Conference definite ac¬
tion was taken, the agent was reappointed with enlarged powers,
an able committee of four brethren was associated with him; and
they were authorized to raise funds, and procure a suitable site
and building for an institution of learning. Providentially, as it
seemed, just at the opportune moment, a most beautiful location,
with appropriate buildings, furniture, &c., was offered to them up¬
on terms as favorable as could reasonably be desired It is known
as the "Tawawa or Xenia Springs" property; and is situated in
14 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL,
Greene county, Ohio, some three miles and a half from the town
of Xenia, in a community where such an institution will be cher¬
ished, and where it will enjoy every possible facility for meeting
the wants which have called it into being. It embraces fifty-four
acres of land, on which there is a large and beautiful edifice, con¬
taining abouWtwo hundred rooms, which are well adapted to the
purposes of a boarding-house, school and class room, chapel, &c.;
also several cottages equally well adapted to the use of private
families—the furniture for both the main edifice and the cottages
being included in the purchase. There are several mineral springs
on the premises; and the whole had been fitted up for a fashiona¬
ble watering place, at a cost of over forty thousand dollars. This
property was offered to the committee for thirteen thousand five
hundred dollars. The offer was accepted; and the committee now
look to the General Conference for its approval, which will mater¬
ially aid them in meeting the pecuniary responsibilities'of the en¬
terprise, and in carrying into effect the great objects contemplated.
THE OBJECTS CONTEMPLATED.
As already intimated, the great object had in view is the ele¬
vation of the entire colored race, by means of literary, social and
religious culture. And in order to accomplish this object, it is
proposed to encourage and assist them in their efforts at self-im¬
provement, by means of Sabbath and week-day schools, and also by
means of at least one institution of learning of a high grade,
which the colored people may regard as their own; and where they
may feel that they have no superiors, unless superior merit makes
them such. The character and objects of this institution are thus
explained by the agent of the Cincinnati Conference: "A leading
feature Will be to educate and train colored persons, male and fe¬
male, for professional teachers, that they may be thoroughly quali¬
fied to go forth wherever their services are needed, and impart to
their own race a good Christian education. It is to be open
to both sexes, and persons entering may pursue and ac¬
complish a partial or thorough collegiate course, as they may choose;
and, in its maturity, we design that it shall include and furnish all
that is common to the best universities of the country."
PRESENT STATE OF THE ENTERPRISE.
It has been stated already that a most desirable location and
buildings have been procured, which will, in a short time, be ready
for occupancy. The project is regarded with great favor by all
the prominent friends of the colored race, so far as their views
have been ascertained; and the committee are informed, upon Re¬
liable authority, that the colored people themselves, especially
in the neighborhood where the institution is located, are delighted
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 15
with the enterprise. It has also attracted the attention ot some
wealthy gentlemen in the South, who have slaves whom they wish
to emancipate and educate; and two such slaves have been eman¬
cipated already, and are now in Xenla, awaiting the opening of the
school. It will, probably, be necessary to place the institution un¬
der the superintendence of a white principal for the present; but the
design is to make it emphatically the colored people1 s college.
In conclusion your committee respectfully recommend the
adoption of the following resolutions:
1. Resolved, That, in the judgment of this General Confer¬
ence, the religious education of the people of color in our land,
will tend most effectually and speedily, under God, to their eleva¬
tion in this country, and to prepare the way for the restoration of the
benighted millions of down-trodden Africa, to all the blessings of
civilization, science and religion.
2. Resolved, That we look upon the proposed plan for the
education of the colored youth of our land as of God, and as
promising great good to the people of color among us, and untold
blessings to the land of their ancestors; and we do most earnestly
recommend this noble work to the sympathy, the prayers and the
generous benefactions of all who desire the elevation of the entire
family of man.
3. Resolved, That we bespeak for the agents of this enter¬
prise a cordial reception on the part of all Christians and philan¬
thropists, hoping that they may be successful, not only in awaken-
ing sympathy and enlisting prayers, but also in gathering funds to
pay for the property purchased, and to afford a liberal endowment
of the institution, so as to place it on an equal footing with the
best institutions of learning in our country.
WRIGHT & FRENCH, HARD AT WOKR.
Messrs. Wright and French, with great pleasure, heard of
the favorable action of the General Conference, and applied them¬
selves with increased exertions' to comply with the conditions
made by Mr. B., the hardest of which seemed to be to procure
men from pure philanthropy to endorse their notes. Yet they found
business men who determined to take the risk for the sake of ad¬
vancing the intellectual • and moral , improvement of the most
neglected and needy portion of our population. It was known that
another party stood ready to close the contract with the owners if
they failed, offering $1500 more. They had until Saturday, the
24th of May, to meet the conditions, and by diligent and continued
efforts the last endorser was obtained, half an hour before midnight
at which the time allowed, expired. As they are deemed worthy
of imperishable honor, we render the small tribute of here record¬
ing their names, with a clear conviction that their record is on
16 the wilberforce alumnal.
high and a strong hope that they will have a brighter and more
enduring reward in the decisions of the great day.
The names are: Wm. Wood, Alexander Webb, John Dubois,
Morris S. Hopper. The general agent advanced #375, and for
the balance of the cash payment, $3000, a note was given at sixty
days, endorsed by William Wood, John Elstner, and W. B. Smith
& Co.—names never to be forgotten.
This enterprise was commenced by faith in that God who
hath respect unto the lowly, and who can control the hearts of all
men, and its friends'have cause to thank God and take courage.
Immediately after the purchase, the general agent entered
upon his work of soliciting funds to meet the note of #3000 due
in sixty days. He collected some in the West, and going to the
East, he had some success in New York, Boston, Providence
Woonsocket, New Bedford, and other places in New England
and New York; and it ought to be said, to the honor of Dr. W.
G. Palmer, that a few days before the note matured he loaned the
agent, on hisjindividual note, $1000, by which, with other funds,
the note was paid.
WILBERFORCE NAMED AND DEDICATED.
On the 30th day of August, 1856, application was made in
due form, to the authorities of Greene county, the State of Ohio,
for the benefit of the general 'iaws of the State, passed April 9th,
1852; and every requisition of the law being complied with, the
institution was organized and constituted a body corporate, under
the name of "The Wilberforce University." The corporators
adopted articles of association and elected a Board of twenty-four
Trustees, which was organized at Xenia, Ohio, in the office of
lawyer M. D. Gatch, then a Senator of the General Assembly of
the State. They were twenty-four in number, of whom four were
colored men, viz: Rev. Lewis Woodson; Mr. Ishmael Keith, ot
the Baptist church; Mr. Alfred Anderson, a member of the con¬
gregation of the African M. E. church at Hamilton, Ohio, and
Bishop D. A. Payne. Among the twenty whites, was Governor
Chase, of the State of Ohio, subsequently Secretary of the United
States Treasury, and late Chief Justice of the United States.
At the first meeting, John F. Wright was elected President
of the Board and M. French, Secretary; and Rev. Professor F.
Merrick was. elected President of the University. There was,
however, no demand at that time for his services at the institution
and the school was supplied with teachers for the time being, as
they were needed.
The institution was formally dedicated to the holy work of
Christian education by Rev. Edward Thompson, D D., .LL.D. then
President of the Ohio Wesleyan University, and late Bishop of
BISHOP DANIEL A. PAYNE, D. D„ LL. D.
First President of Wilberforce University under the auspices
of the A. M. E. Church,
1863-1876.
THE WILBERFORCE 'ALUMNAL. 17
the M. E. Church. This dedication occurred in October, 1856.
Its first principal was Rev. M. P. Gaddis, Jr., of the M. E. church,
who managed it until June, 1857.
THE UNIVERSITY OPENED.
Professor James K. Parker served as principal from Febru¬
ary, 1857, to July, 1858, and then retired with the commendation
of the Board. Professor Merrick having declined serving, on the
30th of June, 1858, Rev. Richard S. Rust, a distinguished member
of the New Hampshire Conference, was unanimously elected
President of the institution. When officially notified of his elec¬
tion, after finding he could be released from an important pastoral
charge, he signified his willingness to accept the appointment, and
at the commencement of the fall term he entered upon his work.
He has shown himself well qualified, and has been eminently suc¬
cessful in his position. The number of students has varied from
seventy to one hundred. Many of them are very promising, and
some have make remarkable proficiency in their studies. Every
year the school has been visited with a gracious revival of religion
and many of the pupils have been made the happy subjects of a
work of grace, which is deemed all important to their usefulness
in life. This benevolent scheme is based on the supposition that
the colored man must, for the most part, be the educator and ele¬
vator of his own race in this and other lands. Hence, a leading
object of the institution is to educate and thoroughly train many of
them for professional teachers, or for any other position or pursuit
in life to which God, in his providence, or by his Spirit, may
call them. It has also been a cherished idea with the founders of
the institution that a Theological Department should be organized
at the earliest period possible, in which young men called of God,
to preach " the unsearchable riches of Christ " might receive that
aid so essential to prepare them for this great work. We are
happy to learn that several young men have already entered this
department, who give promise of great usefulness to the church
and the world. Our enterprise has enlisted the hearts and received
the favor of some distinguished statesmen and other citizens of
our common country, and is designed to unite and engage the
efforts of all christians and philanthropists. Several of the lead¬
ing denominations of christians are represented in the Board of
Trustees. We have good reason to believe this work is of God,
that his hand is in it, and his* blessing will be upon it, and, there¬
fore, we hope for good results.
IMMEDIATE RESULTS.
The catalogue of 1859-60 shows a roll, of 207 students, the
majority of whom were the natural children of Southern and South¬
western planters. These came from the plantation with nothing
18 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAt.
mentally but the ignorance, superstition, and vices which slavery
engenders; but departed with so much intellectual and moral cul¬
ture as to be qualified to be teachers in several of the Western
States, and, immediately after the overthrow of slavery, entered
their native regions as teachers of the freedmen.
A large number were gathered from the free States, and others
from some of the most respectable families in Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Illinois and California. These derived the greater benefit from
the instructions given at Wilberforce, and were prepared for a
higher sphere of usefulness. Dr. Rust has also formed a class in
the Classics and Mathematics; another in French; and a third had
commenced theological studies, of whom were six young men,
who have since distinguished themselves in the pastoral and other
fields of usefulness, covering politics, the military service of the
United States, and the publishing , department of the African
M. E. church. One of these ran a short but glorious career as a
pastor, and is gone to enjoy the " Saints' everlasting rest."
wilberforce under the auspices of the a. m. e. church.
On the 10th of March, 1863, between 9 and 10 o'clock p. m.,
Daniel A. Payne, one of the Bishops of the A. M E. church,
agreed with the original Trustees of Wilberforce University to
purchase the property of the A. M. E. church to be used as an
institution of education for the colored race; which was, at the
time, excluded from all the schools of higher education, excepting
two or three, of which Oberlin was chief. Their admission into
others, if admitted at all, was on such conditions as few persons
of color would accept. This Bishop associated with himself Rev.
James A. Shorter and Mr. John G. Mitchell, who was at that time
principal of a graded school in the city of Cincinnati, O.
After contracting for this valuable and beautiful property, our
first effort was to liquidate the debt. Before we could secure the
title deeds, we had to pay, on the 11th of June, 1863, our first install¬
ment of $2500. This was promptly raised by collections within
the boundaries of the Baltimore and Ohio Annual Conferences.
That sum was paid, and the title deed handed over to the agents of
the African M. E. church, viz: Rev. J. A. Shorter, Rev. John G.
Mitchell and Bishop D. A. Payne; but it was particularly specified
as the property of the African M. E. church. The next step was
to take out an act of incorporation. This was secured according
to the laws of the State of Ohio. Tl^e third step was to secure a
charter, which declared that two-thirds of the board shall always
be members of the A. M. E. church and that there shall never be
any distinction among the Trustees, Faculty, or Students on ac¬
count of race or color.
These three persons applied for and obtained a new charter
for Wilberforce, in the name of the A. M. E. Church.
THE WTLBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
19
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION—WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY.
u Know all men by these presents ; that we the undersigned,
desiring to establish a university at the place formerly known as
'Tawawa Springs' east of the city of Xenia, .in the county of
Green, in the State of Ohio, for the purpose of promoting educa¬
tion, religion and morality amongst the colored race, do make and
establish these articles of association.
We hereby assume and agree upon the corporate name of
' Wilberforce University' of the 'A. M. E. Church,' by which
designation this institution shall be known and established for all
legal purposes whatever.
That said university shall be located and established at the
Tawawa Springs aforesaid, in said county of Greene.
That the purposes of said university are and shall be to fur¬
nish the educational means of a thorough course of education to
the colored race,"and to do all other acts and things necessary and
usual to be done and exercised by other universities in the United
States, and also to confer the usual honors and degrees upon those
deemed worthy. t
That the institution shall be and forever remain under the
management, direction and control of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church, and for that, and a majority of the Board of
Directors and Trustees shall afways be members of said African
Methodist Episcopal Church.
That the business and pecuniary affairs of said institution
shall be managed and controlled by the Board of Trustees or
Directors of sai(J institution, and the officers and agents by them
legally appointed.
It is provided that none shall be excluded from the benefits
of said institution ; as officers, faculty, or pupils on account of
merely race or color.
In Testimony Whereof, We, the applicants for the in¬
corporation of said Institution, have hereto set our
hands this 10th day of July, 1863.
DANIEL A. PAYNE.
JAMES A. SHORTER.
JOHN G. MITCHELL.
DAVID BLACKBURN.
ROBERT NICHOLS. "
Received for record July 10th, 1863.
Recorded July 11th, 1863, in record of Religious Societies No.
1. Page 59, &c.
A. WRIGHT, Recorder, Greene County.
20 the wilberforce alumnal.
The following persons were elected and served as Trustees
from 1863—67.
t Rev. Wm. Paul Quinn; Rev. D. A. Payne, D. D.; Rev. A.W.
Wayman; Rev. J.P. Campbell; Rev. J.A. Shorter; J. Cousins; J.G.
Griffin; Rev. J. G. Mitchell, A. M,; Rev. J. T.Jenifer; Rev. Wm.
Kent M. D.; A. Jt Holland; C. Vena; T. E. Knox; S. Troy; Rev.
R. Conrad; Chief Justice S. P. Chase; Major General O.O. How¬
ard; Major General Saxton; Rev. J. M. Brown; Rev. H. M. Tur¬
ner; J.H. Davis; T. Green; Rev. S. Smith; Rev. E. Weaver; Rev.
A. L. Stanford; Wm. Scott; H. Gordon; Rev. Wm. Johnson;
Rev.E.T. Williams; Rev. J. P. Shreeves; J.T. Waugh; W. Smith;
Rev. R. H. Cain; Rev. L. Patterson; Rev. J. R. V. Thomas; G.
Smith; B. Taylor; Rev. W. R Revels; Rev. T. Strother; Rev. Wm.
Trevan; N.Jones; J. Blanks; Rev. M. M. Clark; Rev. J. Turner;
Rev. L. G. Ross; Wm. Gibson; F. Robertson; Rev. Wm. Alston;
Rev. Wm. Thompson; Rev. L. Grimes; S. G. Brown; Frederick
Douglass; M. Langston; Prof. C. L. Reason; Prof. Basset; A.
Anderson; C, Steward; Rev. Wm. Bishop, Superintendent of Z.
A. M. E. Church; Z.J. Cook; J. Brooks; Rev. Wm, H. Hunter;
Rev. J. W. Early; Rev. John Peterson; Rev. G. W. Browdie; Rev.
A. T. Carr; Rev. C. H. Pierce; Rev. R. Vanderhorst.
Under this charter they organized the new Board of Trustees,
and the school was re-opened on the the 3d day of July, 1863, by
Professor John G. Mitchell. Ondy six children were present.
They were put upon the study of elementary English
During the first ten months the school gradually increased in
members and progressed in knowledge.
Professor Mitchell was aided by his wife, ,Mrs. Fannie A.
Mitchell.
At the opening of the spring of 1864, the increasing numbers
demanded another teacher, and Miss Esther T. Maltby, of Ober-
lin, then a teacher in the schools of the American Missionary
Society, at Portsmouth, Va., was secured as Lady Principal and
Matron.
She reached Wilberforce with a Greek testament in her hand.
It was her traveling companion all along the journey from Ports¬
mouth to Xenia.
This circumstance I am particular to mention, because the
fact furnishes us with a key to her character, as it seemed to
have colored her whole life ever after. She*was an excellent
Greek and Latin scholar, a good mathematician, and had no
superior, that I ever saw, as a disciplinarian. Zealous for the
moral purity of the children and youth committed to her care, she
labored day and night to induce them to be Christians as well as
scholars.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 21
The ordinary religious services of the Institution were not
sufficient for her; she, therefore, held an extra prayer-meeting
every morning, from 8 to 8| o'clock^in which she read the Holy
Scriptures, exhorted, sang, and prayed with those who were will¬
ing to attend her meeting, and succeeded in leading many from
their vices, to live an upright life; among whom was a very playful
and mischievous lad, by the name of Thomas H. Jackson, who
united with the College church, graduated from the Theological
Department of the University, filled the chair of Ecclesiastical
History, Pastoral Theology, and Homiletics for two years at
Wilberforce; [and at the last annual meeting of the Trustees was
re-elqpted to fill the same chair—1884.]—Editor.
THE CATASTROPHE OF 1865.
Professor Mitchell was constrained, by the wants of the
school, to go out as a financial agent. The management of the
school was left solely to Miss Maltby, and, under God, it was in¬
creasing in numbers and popularity.
The progress of the students was commendable, and classes
were formed in Greek, Latin and the lower Mathematics. Every¬
thing indicated a prosperous future, when suddenly the buildings
were set on fire by incendiaries. Within half an hour the beau¬
tiful edifice was nothing but smouldering embers. The catastro¬
phe fell upon us like a clap of thunder in a clear sky.
It was a time of lamentation for our friends, and rejoicing for
our enemies. Said one of the latter, "Now their buildings are
burned, there is no hope for them." Another said, " I wish light¬
ning from heaven would burn down Wilberforce." This one sup¬
posed his impious prayer was more than answered.
But we believed and said, " Out of the ashes of the beautiful
frame building a nobler one shall rise." Mrs Mitchell had gone to
Xenia, with almost all the students, to witness the celebration of
of the fall of Richmond.
Two obstreperous female students were detained on the
grounds by way of punishment for acts of disobedience. I was-
attending Conference at Baltimore, and Miss Maltby was left
alone. No, she was not alone. As God was with Daniel in the
lion's den, and with his three brethren in the fiery furnace, so was
He with her in the trouble at Wilberforce. Without faltering, one
of the cottages was converted into a school-room, and the
scholars taught therein, till the last of June, which terminated the
academic year ; after which all the students from abroad went
home.
The majority of the advanced students never returned, but
went to other institutions. Those who preferred Wilberforce
came back the next autumn. Meanwhile, we began to mature
22 the wilberforce alumnal.
our plans for rebuilding The result is before the country. The
edifice will be finished and dedicated next summer, and will be a
larger, finer and nobler edifj^e than the former. As respects the
school, it passed through severe trials.
Miss Maltby's nervous system was so affected by the catas¬
trophe, that for twelve months she was unfit for labor, and never
returned. She is now a missionary in Asia Minor, in the service
of the A. B. C. F. M. Professor Mitchell was compelled to be in
the field, soliciting funds to aid us in rebuilding, and, therefore,
for a season, the management of the school fell upon our most ad¬
vanced student, Mr. J. P. Shorter, who acted his part nobly, un¬
til we were able to secure the services of competent professors,
who were soon found in the persons of Professor Theodore E.
Suliot, Professor William Kent and Miss Sarah J. Woodson.
OPENING OF THE DEPARTMENTS.
The Theological and Classical were opened in the autumn of
1866; the Scientific in 1867; the Normal in 1872.
Graduates have gone forth from all these Departments, ex¬
cept the Law, and only three from that have been put upon the
study of Law.
OUR METHODS
in the Classical and Mathematical Department are the same as
generally obtain in American colleges.
In the Normal, we have the methods of Oswego. In the prac¬
ticing schools of the Normal Department there is nothing peculiar
but our manner of teaching Ofthography and Orthoepy; here we
employ analysis, that is to say, immediately after the pupil has
spelled a word, he is required to tell how many letters, how many
vowels and how many consonants it contains, then to give the
quality and quantity of every vowel, and to distinguish the char¬
acteristics of the sub-vocals and the aspirates.
We deem this the best method of teaching the art of spelling,
because it is the most thorough ; and also because, when the prin¬
ciple is continually applied and the habit is formed, in subsequent
life the individual will be satisfied with nothing short of a thor¬
ough knowledge of any object which he may undertake to scruti¬
nize, or any subject he may begin to investigate.
In our Theological Department, we employ both the inductive
and deductive methods, allowing the largest liberty of investiga¬
tion and of expression; excepting that which borders upon im¬
piety and blasphemy.
OUR AIM
is to make christian scholars, not mere book-worms, but workers,
educated workers with God for man—to effect which we employ
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 23
not the Classics and Mathematics only, but Science and Philoso¬
phy also, the former for their discriminating, polishing and culti¬
vating influences, the latter for the quickness and exactness which
they impart to the cognitive faculty, and the seed thoughts which
they never fail to sow in the mind. And yet we hold that the
Classics and Mathematics, as Science and Philosophy, can and
must be consecrated to human well-being by the teachings, the
sentiments and the spirit ot Jesus.
OUR SOCIAL SURROUNDINGS.
We are in the midst of a farming region, immediately en¬
circled by ten families, who are also educating their children in
our school; two of them were formerly students, who, since they
left us, have been married, and are now in their turn educating
their children in their own Alma Mater. The influence of the
College upon these children is. manifest; not only in their man¬
ners, but also in their talents, for, of 126 to 153 students who
have annually filled our halls during the last four years, none sur¬
pass them in mental powers; very few equal them in capacity
or ability.
• . COLLEGE SOCIETIES.
The " Society of Inquiry on Missions " was organized by the
President, for the purpose of collecting information concerning
Christian Missions from all sources, foreign and domestic, and to
cultivate the spirit of missions in the Theological students for
whose special benefit the organization was brought into existence
Since then other persons have been admitted to membership, but
the extension of this privilege to persons not members of the
Theological Department, has, in some respects, damaged the
original character of the Society.
Outside of the institution, but connected with it by bonds of
earnest friendship, is the "College Aid Society," consisting chiefly
of married ladies and some of the oldest female students. Its aim
is declared in its name. This Society came into existence through
the wants of the college, and has rendered signal services to the
University in times of embarrassment.
" Wilberforce University Endowment Association," outside
of the institution, consisted chiefly of ministers and laymen of the
Ohio, Pittsburgh and Kentucky Conferences, who were earnest
workers in its behalf, and connected with it by a friendship as
sincere as it was earnest. Its object was the permanent endow¬
ment of Professorships and Scholarships. This organization did
much in its day.
GRATEFUL RECOLLECTIONS OF BENEVOLENCE.
Before concluding this historical sketch, it seems proper to
24 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
make a grateful record of those who generously aided us when we
most needed their assistance to make our existence an unquestion¬
able fact, for at that time some of our own short-sighted people,
for whose benefit we have always planned and executed, had for¬
mally denied it.
In March, 1863, our friends of the Cincinnati Conference of
the Methodist Episcopal church sold us the property for its in¬
debtedness, which was $10,000, and that, too, at the time when
the agent of the State of Ohio stood anxious to buy it at a much
larger price for an asylum, and from others they could have ob¬
tained from one to two thirds more than we were able to give.
Their liberality placed a valuable seat of learning, with at least
$1000 worth of furniture, within our reach and therefore we
ought to be grateful.
In 1867-68, the Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and
Theological Education at the West, aided us in the sum of $1800.
Let it be remembei*ed-that we were burnt out in the spring of
1865 In 1867 we had erected the western wing of our edifice;
but its walls were not only unpictured and its floors uncarpeted,
they were unplastered and rough; all around us presented an
uninviting aspect.
At my earnest invitation, the good Secretary, Dr. Theron
Baldwin came—he saw the "appalling obstacles" which we had
to face and overcome. His soul was stirred to its depths, and his
eloquent plea in our behalf induced the society to vote us $1800
for the year 1867. In 1868-69 they again voted us $1800. Al¬
though the funds of the society did not enable them to make
good the whole of this last vote, what we did receive was of sig¬
nal benefit, and we are therefore thankful.
The American Unitarian Association aided us from 1868 to
1875, at an avarage of $500 per annum. The first twelve months
of that time they gave us $800, in all about $4000. We have re¬
ceived from them, for purely educational purposes, in the form of
lectures on different branches of natural science, including experi¬
mental physics, also lectures on literature and philosophy. The
lectures on literature were both Biblical and secular. They were
delivered by the scholarly professors of Antioch, and have been
very serviceable to our graduates, not only in stimulating them to
deep research, but also in polishing their style, for which we
ought to be grateful.
To construct our new edifice, Rev. R. S. Rust, D. D., and
Rev. J. F. Wright, D. D., each gave us $100. For our endow¬
ment fund, John PfafF, Esq., of Cincinnati, and P. P. Mast, Esq.,"
of Springfield, Ohio, each has subscribed $500.
In 1868 that noble philanthropist, Hon. Gerritt Smith, sent
us $500; the same year the equally noble Chief Justice Chase in-
REV. BENJAMIN F. LEE, D. D.
Second President of Wilberforce University under the auspices
of the A. M. E. Church.
1876-1884
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 25
duced an English gentleman to send us $300; subsequently the
Chief Justice gave us $250 and in his last will bequeathed us $10,-
000. In this last instance he magnified his greatness in making
us, who are the poorest of God's poor in the United States, the
first object of his considerate benevolence.
Now, and here, we record the fact that, in 1869, we received,
through General Howard, from the Freedmen's Bureau, $3000,
and in 1870 we received from the same Bureau, by special act of
Congress, $25,000, for all of which we ought to be grateful.
Total from the Bureau, $28,000. Concerning our benefactors,
whose earthly career has been finished, we- hope they may "be
rewarded at the resurrection of the just." Concerning those who
are still living, we pray that they and theirs may never lack a
friend nor aid in the time of need or the days of adversity.
THE NAMES OF MANY WHO HAVE THOUGHT OF THE UNIVERSITY
KINDLY AND HELPFULLY. DONATIONS AND BEQJJEATHMENTS.
We acknowledge the favor shown us by the M. E. Church
in selling us the entire property for $10,000, the main building
having been worth more than that amount.
The Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theologi¬
cal Education in the West $ 1,800
Same Society subsequently gave several hundred.
The estate of the late Stephen Daniels. 450
American Unitarian Association for lectures 4 6,000
The late John Pfaff Esq., Cincinnati, O 500
P. P. Mast, Esq., Springfield, 0 500
Hon. S. P.Chase, Chief Justice 10,250
Rt. Rev. J. P.Campbell, Philadelphia,Pa 1,000
Estate of Ai. Powers, Pottsdam, N. Y 3,000
Estate of Dr. Chas. Avery, Pittsburgh, Pa 10,000
U. S. Freedmen's Bureau Fund 28,000
Mrs. Mary Reed, Hamilton, O 144
Rev. J. W. Beckett, Philadelphia, Pa 260
Prof. Ward, Rochester, N. Y 600
Dr. J. F. W. Ware, establishing Art Room with supplies,
about 300
Bethel A. M. E. church, of Philadelphia Pa., Music Room
Furniture, about 160
Hundreds of donors for from $1, to $100 some of whom
have given a thousand, doubtless in the history of the
College. Bishop Payne's great success in securing the $1,400
for purchase of Museum, is worthy of especial mention
THE WASHINGTON EDUCATIONAL FUND OF JERSEYVILLE, ILL.
The above fund is the result of a bequeathment made by
26
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL,
George Washington for the education of the youth of his race. The
principal is now $15,000 and is under the control of the following
Hoard of Trustees:
Hon. T. S. Chapman; Hon. Judge Warren; Prof. J. Pike;
Prof. L. Pennington ; Judge Baglev; Prof. L. M. Cutting.
Beneficiaries of this fund are selected by a competitive ex¬
amination, the first being John McDermon and Charles Wilson.
Prof. J. Pike represented the above Board and after visiting Wil-
berforce University, in 1884 selected it as the institution at which
to educate those who might receive the benefits of this fund.
the grounds"
The real estate of Wilberforce contains 53 acres of land, finely
timbered, and abundantly watered with mineral springs. The
campus embraces about ten acres—5 in front and 5 in the rear. It
is traversed by a ravine, which, at certain points, becomes so deep
as to eclipse the apex of the cupola, 92 feet high. Its meander-
ings are east, southeast by north, flanking and moulding the rear
of the campus into graceful curves and slopes, producing the
form of a miniature table-land, sharply defined and beautiful. The
front is level, with a slight indenture running southward. It is
shaded by forest trees and a tew evergreens.
our property ;
consists of 52 acres of undulating land, which was heavily timbered
when we bought it in 1863 It is traversed by a deep ravine,
through which a murmuring streamlet meanders winter and sum¬
mer. At the time of its purchase, there was five mineral springs
running out of the sides of this ravine, which are at present re¬
duced to three,, caused by the diminution of the timber, which has
been cut down for fuel and other purposes. On these 52 acres we
have ten buildings, exclusive of a barn and stable. Nine, of these
buildings are cottages, erected within the campus. They are in¬
habited chiefly by students and families who came to educate their
children under college restrictions and influences.
The main edifice is built in the centre of the campus. The
foundations are of solid limestone. The superstructure is of red
brick, three stories above the basement, and is 44 by 160 teet. It
embraces a centre and two wings—the centre is 40 by 52, the
wings are 40 by 60. This building contains eight recitation and
one lecture rooms, and art and one music room, one library and a
large hall, to be fitted up for a museum. It also has five dormito¬
ries, with forty bed rooms, and sleeping accommodations for
eighty persons. The basement contains fifteen rooms, which em¬
brace the kitchen, pantry, store-rooms, dining-hall, laundry and
sleeping apartments for all connected with the culinary and
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
27
laundry work. When the dormitories and cottages are filled,
students olten find comfortable accommodations in this commo¬
dious basement.
THE DE DIC AT I ON OF THE BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.
In due time, the building was plastered and the furniture put
in under the supervision of the committee on buildings and
grounds.
The committee on invitations and dedication, consisting of
Bishops D. A. Payne, D.D., J. M. Brown. D D., President B. F.
Lee. B.D., and the Revs. J. P. Underwood and B W. ArnettB.D.,
sent out the following invitation, May 10th, 1878: '
44 God our Father, Christ our Redeemer, Man our Brother."
COMMENCEMENT AND DEDICATION OF WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY.
XENIA, 0 1878.
MR
Dear Sir;—You are hereby invited to be present at the ded¬
ication of the building of Wilberforce University, on Thursday
afternoon, June 20th, 1878.
The Commencement exercises will occur between 9 and 12
o'clock a. m.
Please to signify your intention to be or not to be present.
COMMENCEMENT PRELIMINARY EXERCISES, 1878.
Sunday morning, June 16th.—Baccalaureat sermon, President
B. F. Lee, B.D.
Sunday evening, 7-J o'clock.—Annual sermon, Bishop J. P.
Campbell, D.D. LL.D., of Philadelphia.
Monday evening, June 17th.—Anniversary of Sodalian
Society.
Tuesday evening, June 18th.—Lecture before the College
societies, Rev. Wm. F. Dickinson, A.M., of New York.
Wednesday evening, June 19th.—Contest for the Annual
prizes. J
Thursday morning, June 20th.—Commencement exercises, 9
to 12 o'clock.
The trustees and invited guests will partake of dinner to¬
gether.
An address by Rev. B. T. Tanner, D.D.; subject, "The
Power of the Press as an Instructor."—Time to be announced.
The annual meeting of the Alumni will occur at 4 o'clock p. m.
Thursday evening, June 20th.—Concert, under the super¬
vision of Mrs. S. C". Bierce and Miss G. E. Clark.
28 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
SACRED LYRIC—SUNG AT THE DEDICATION OF WILBERFORCE
UNIVERSITY, JUNE 20TH 1878.
COMPOSED BY REV. A. A. WHITMAN.
Great God in Zion now draw near,
This off'ring of onr hearts to own;
The Sanctifier now appear,
And make Thy worshipers as one.
But Lord, indeed, and wilt Thou dwell
Within this house our hands have made,
As when the hosts of Israer
Beheld Thee'in a cloud'displayed?
The Heav'n of Heavens cannot contain
Thee in Thy glorious majesty;
And yet Thy promise is to reign,
Where holy hands lift up'to Thee.
Then Let Thine eye by day and night
Be on this consecrated place,
That, dwelling ever in Thy sight,
We may behold Thy righteousness.
Here may the sons of Learning live
Their great Instructor's life to show; ,
And when He doth His spirit give
Oh, may they to the harvesLgo.
Go in the name of Him alone.
Whose great commission they shall bear,
Till earth's wide fields, in anguish sown,
Snail yield rejoicings everywhere.
Then let the gleaner follow there,
With hands of meek fidelity,
Gath'ring her precious offcasts, where
In corners dark, they lost must be.
• PROGRAMME OF THE DEDICATION OF WILBERFORCE UNIVER¬
SITY, THURSDAY JUNE 20TH, 1878.
1. President of the day, Bishop A. W. Wayman, D.D., of
Baltimore
2. Singing by Choir.
3. Prayer—Bishop James A. Shorter, of Wilberforce.
4. Singing
5. Presenting the keys to the Senior Bishop Payne,by Rev. J.
P. Underwood, of Columbus, O., President of the Board of
Trustees.
6. Dedicatory prayer and address.—-Bishop D. A. Payne, D D.
of Wilberforce, Senior Bishop of the A. M. E. church.
7. Inaugural address.—Rev. B. F. Lee, B.D., President of the
University.
8. Original Sacred Lyric.—A. A. Whitman, of Springfield,
Ohio.
9. Historical address.—Bishop J. M. Brown, D.D., of Wash¬
ington, D. C.
10. Original poem.—Prof. Samuel T. Mitchell, A.B., Principal
of Lincoln Institute, Jefferson City, Mo.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL 29
11. Singing.
12. Collection for the Institution fund, by committee on ar¬
rangements.
13. Doxology.
14. Benediction.—Bishop T. M. D.jWard, of Montgomery,
Alabama.
DISTINGUISHED GUESTS.
A large number of persons responded to invitations and were
present. Among the most distinguished were:
Bishops D. A. Payne, J. A. Shorter, A. W. Way man, John
M. Brown, J. P. Campbell, T. M. D. Ward; Revs. Dr. H. W.
Bellows, E. E. Hale, J. B. Weston, Dr. B. T. Tanner, W. F. Dick-
erson, J. W. Malone, James Madison, R. A. Johnson, C. T. Shaffer,
John W. W. Stevenson, T, Gould, J. W. Gazzaway, John Coleman,
J. W. Ashby, J. H. A. Johnson, J. P. Underwood, J. G. Mitchell,
J. T. Jenifer, P. Tolliver, C. L. Bradwell, T. H. Jackson; George
Peterson, Cincinnati, O.; W. H. Crawford, Philadelphia, Pa.; A.
J. Christophe, Louisville, Ky.; Alfred J. Anderson, Hamilton, O.
The dedicatory ceremony was under the general supervision
of B. W. Arnett. The programme, as above, was carried out,
with a dinner in the University Hall, where speeches were made.
The speeches were very excellent, and worthy of the men and
the occasion.
CHURCH OF THE HOI.Y TRINITY THE DEDICATION OF THE
CHAPEL.
The church of the college was organized four days after the
purchase of the property, and nearly four months prior to the
opening of the school. The text of the sermon preached on that
occasion was Matthew xxi, 18: "Upon this rock will I build mv
•church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." The
name given it is, "the Church of the Holy Trinity." It is our
conviction that from that hour, God's eye and God's heart have
been upon Wilberforce. As a little child stumbles and falls, some¬
times through mere weakness, often through sheer carelessness or
rashness, but is lifted up again and again by the hands of a wise
and loving father, so have we doubtless fallen and stumbled into
many enors; but the Lord, watching over us, has caused our very
errors to teach us wisdom, and our blunders to make us more cau¬
tious, guarding us and leading us onward to the present point of
success. And now, to confirm our faith in Himself, and in an¬
swer to many an agonizing prayer, he has sent us help from His
Holy Hill, and succor from His tabernacle.
The following persons have acted as pastors of jthe Church
of the Holy Trinity, of Wilberforce, since its organization by the
A. M. E. Church:
30 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
1863-65, Rev. Edward D. Davis; 1866, Lewis Woodson;
1867 Johnson P. Underwood; 1868-70, John T. Jenifer; 1871,
Robert G Mortimer; 1872, Thomas H. Jackson; 1873-4, Benja¬
min F. Lee; 1875, William J. J.Johnson; 1876, Benjamin F. Lee;
1877, Reuben P. Clark; 1878, Dallas T. Turner; 1879, Joseph M.
Ross; 1880-2, Benjamin F. Lee; 1883, J. P. Maxwell; 1884,
Thomas H. Jackson'.
PRESIDENTS OF WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY.
1. Rev. Frederick Merrick, elected 1856, but did not serve.
2. Rev. James R. Parker, A. M., acted as Principal from Feb.
20th, 1857, to July 1st, 1858
3. Rev. Richard S. Rust, D.D., President from July 1st, 1858,
to July 1st, 1863.
4. Bishop Daniel A. Payne, D.D. LL.D., President from July
3d, 1863, to June 1876, when he resigned his trust.
5. Rev. Benjamin F. Lee, B.D., President Irom June 19th,
1876 to June 19th. 1884, when he resigned to take the editorial
chair of the Christian Recorder, Philadelphia, Pa
6. Professor Samuel T. Mitchell, A. M., elected June 20th,
1884.
SUCCESSION OF PRINCIPALS PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS UNDER
THE AUSPICES OF THE CINCINNATI CONFERERCE
OF THE METHODIST E. CHURCIL.
I.
Rev. M. P. Gaddis, Principal; Mrs. M. P. Gaddis, Assistant,
about six months.
II.
Professor James K. Parker, Principal; Mrs. James K. Parker,
Matron; Miss Maggie Baker, Teacher of Music; Miss Mary J.
Allen, Teacher of English, about two years.
III.
Rev. Richard S. Rust, D.D., Wesleyan University,
President; Professor of Theology and Mental Science; George W.
Mendell, A. M., Wesleyan University, Professor of Languages
and Natural Sciences; Mary J. Allen, Wesleyan Academy, Pre¬
ceptress, Teacher of French and Mathematics; Sarah J. Woodson,
Oberlin, Teacher of English Department; Adelaide Warren,
Oberlin, Teacher of Instrumental and Vocal Music.
Professor Wendell was succeeded by Professor Pliny S. Boyd,
A.B., Oberlin. Miss Warren was succeeded by Miss Biffington,
New York; and Miss Allen was succeeded by Miss Isabella
Oakey.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 31
SUCCESSION UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE A. M. E. CHURCH.
FROM 1863-65.
Right Rev. D. A. Payne, D.D., Gettysburg Theological
Seminary, President; Professor of Christian Theology, Mental
Science, and Church Government.
John G. Mitchell, A. M., Obeilin, Professor of Greek, Latin
and Mathematics.
Miss Esther T. Maltby, A.B., Oberlin, Lady Principal, Ma¬
tron and Secretary of Faculty.
Mrs. Fannie A. Mitchell, Oberlin, Assistant Teacher and
Head of Intermediate Department.
1866 to 1868
Right Rev. D. A. Payne, D.D., President, Gettysburg Theo¬
logical Seminary.
Professor John G. Mitchell, A.M., Oberlin.
Rev. Wm. Kent, M.D., England, Professor of Natural
Science.
Theodore E. Suloit, A.M., Edinburgh, Scotland, Professor
of Latin and French Literature, and Adjunct Professor of Mathe¬
matics.
Miss Sarah J. Woodson, Oberlin, Preceptress of English and
Latin, and Lady Principal and Matron.
Miss Woodson was succeeded by Miss Josephine Jackson, B.S.
Adrian, Michigan.
1868 TO 1869.
' . This year finds Bishop Payne still acting as President, but not
a Professor, the Theological Department being managed wholly
by Rev. Henry C. Fry, A.M. Oberlin.
Pro-fessor John Smith, Oberlin, succeeded Professor Mitchell,
and Mrs. Messenger succeeded Miss Josephine Jackson.
Rev. Thomas H. Jackson, B D. Wilberforce University,
Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Homiletics and Pastoral
Theology.
William B. Adams, A.M., Amherst, Professor of Greek and
Natural Science,
Rev. R. G. Mortimer, Professor of Latin, Greek, Exe¬
gesis and Adjunct Professor of Mathematics.
Dr. Wilson, Teacher of the Hebrew Language and Hebrew
Exegesis.
Roswell Howard, A. M. B. L,, Professor of Law.
Honorable John Little, Professor of Law.
Mrs. Alice M. Adams, Holyoke, Lady Principal, Matron and
Teacher of English ; who was succeeded by Miss Emma L. Par¬
ker, who was succeeded by Miss Leonore Congdon. Miss Par-
32
the wilberforce alumnal
ker was of the Wesleyan Female Seminary, Oxford, Ohio ; Miss
Congdon, of Oberlin.
1870 to 1876.
Bishop Payne is still the President. Professor Jackson was
succeeded by Rev. B. F. Lee, of Wilberforce University.
Benjamin K. Sampson, A. M., Oberlin, succeeded Professor
Mortimer, as Professor of Latin, Greek and Mathematics, and
Secretary of the Faculty.
Rev. Benjamin F. Lee, is in turn succeeded by Professor
Thomas H.Jackson, and Professor Sampson's chair is now filled
by Professor Joseph P. Shorter, the first graduate from our Classi¬
cal Department; at the same time, Miss McBride is succeeded by
Miss Ella J. Greene, in all things excepting languages.
1876-77
Rev. Benjamin Franklin Lee, B. D., President, Professor of
Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Systematic Theology.
Bishop D.A. Payne, D.D.,Lecturer on Philosophy arid History.
Joseph P. Shorter, A.B., Professor of Mathematics.
W. B. Adams, A.M., Professor of Greek and Latin.
*Leonore Congdon, Principal Normal Department.
*Alice M. Adams.
♦Taught part of year
1877-78.
Rev. B. F. Lee, B.D., President; Professor of Intellectual and
Moral Philosophy and Systematic Theology.
Bishop D.A. Payne, D.D , Lecturer on Philosophy of History.
J. P. Shorter, A.B-, Professor of Mathematics.
W. S. Scarborough, A M., Professor of Latin and Greek and
Secretary of Faculty.
Roswell F. Howard, A. B. B. L., Professor of Law.
Hon. John Little, Professor'of Law.
Mrs. S. C. Bierce, Principal of Normal Department and In¬
structor in Academic Department.
Miss Gussie E. Clark, Teacher of Instrumental Music.
1878-81.
Rev. Benjamin F. Lee, B. D., President; Professor of intel¬
lectual and Moral Philosophy and Systematic Theology.
Bishop D.A. Payne, D.D., Lecturer on Philosophy of History.
J. P. Shorter, A. B., Professor of Mathematics.
W. S. Scarborough, A. M., Professor of Latin and Greek and
Secretary of Faculty.
Roswell F. Howard, A. B. B. L., Professor of Law.
Hon. John Little, LL. B., Professor of Law.
MRS. ALICE M. ADAMS,
Principal.
MRS. M. A. MITCHELL, MRS. A. J. COOPER, A. B.
Matron. Prof, of Nat. Science.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 33
Mrs. Sarah C. Bierce, Principal of Normal Department, In¬
structor in French and Natural Sciences.
Mrs. Alice M. Adams, Lady Principal and Instructor in
Academic Department.
T. H. Jackson, D.D., General Agent 1879.
1881-82.
Rev. B. F. Lee, D.D., President, Professor of Intellectual
and Moral Philosophy and Systematic Theology.
Professor Ecclesiastical History, Homiletics and
Pastoral Theology.
J. P. Shorter, A M , Professor of Mathematics.
W. S. Scarborough, A.M. LL D., Professor of Greek and
Latin, Secretary of Faculty
R. F. Howard, A.B., LL. B., Professor of Law.
Hon. John Little, Professor of Law.
Miss Ella J. Green, Lady Principal.
Miss H. M. Andrews, Principal Normal Department.
Annie H. Jones, Instructor in Academic Department.
Miss Gussie E. Clark, Teacher of Instrumental Music.
1882-83.
President, B. F. Lee, D.D. Professor of Intellectual and Moral
Philosophy, S} stematic Theology.
Professor Ecclesiastical History, Homiletics and
Pastoral Theology.
J. P. Shorter, A.M., Professor of Mathematics.
VV. S. Scarborough, A.M. LL. D., Professor of Latin and
Greek, Secretary of Faculty.
R, F. Howard, A.B., LL.. B., Professor of Law.
Hon. John Little, Professor of Law.
Miss E. R. George, Lady Principal and Matron.
Mrs. S. C. Scarborough, Principal of Normal Department
and Instructor in French and Natural Sciences.
Miss Gussie E. Clark, Teacher of Instrumental Music.
Rev. John G. Mitchell, D.D., General Agent.
1883-84.
Rev. B.F. Lee, D.D., President; Professor of Intellectual and
Moral Philosophy and Systematic Theology. . ■
— Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Homiletics
and Pastoral Theology.
J. P. Shorter, A.M., Professor of Mathematics.
W. S. Scarborough, A. M. LL. D„ Professor of Greek and
Latin.
Miss E. R. George, Lady Principal and Matron.
34 the wilberforce akumnal.
Miss S. C. Scarborough, Principal of Normal Department
Instructor in French and Natural Sciences.
Miss Gussie E. Clark, Teacher of Instrumental Music
1884-85.
Rev. S. T. Mitchell, A.M., President; Professor ol Intellectual
Philosophy and Logic.
Rev. T. H. Jackson, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History
Homiletics and Pastoral Theology.
J. P. Shorter, A. M., Professor of Mathematics.
W. S. Scarborough, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Latin and
Greek.
R. F. Howard, B.A., LL. B., Professor of Law.
Hon. John Little, Professor of Law.
Mrs. Anna J. Cooper, B. A., Principal in Normal Department
and Instructor in German and French.
Mrs. Alice M. Adams, Instructor in Sub-academic De¬
partment.
Miss Gussie E. Clark, Teacher of Instrumental Music.
LIBRARY.
BY T. H. JACKSON, PROFESSOR OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY.
We have many rich and valuable books in our library, books
that number 3025 volumes. They embrace Theology, Science,
Medicine, Law, History, Travel, Biography, Poetry, Romance,
Education, and Miscellaneous. But our library is far from being
complete We ought to have in it all the books that treat upon
all subjects, which men and women, seeking culture, require. For
the utility of such a library, we need hardly to offer an argument.
For it is said with much force and truth that: "It is self-evident
that without a complete library, no institution of learning can at¬
tain the highest rank, or continue to attract, or educate scholars of
finished culture." We need a complete library here. In every
department of our school work, there are special needs that ought
to be supplied at once. In connection with the 3025 volumes,
there are 1114 pamphlets. Most of the books in the library were
written years ago.' But during the past twenty-five years what
wonderful strides have been made, especially in scientific investi¬
gations. As to books treating upon Theology,Biblical Criticism,
Christian Evidence, Natural Theology, Problems of Physical and
Moral Evil, Pastoral Theology, Homiletics and Ecclesiastical His¬
tory, our library is sadly deficient. Whilst it contains a few books
on these subjects, yet there are very, very few written during the
past twenty years, among them. As to History, we make the
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAE. 35
same observation. Bancroft and such historians are not on our
shelves. As to scientific works, all or any of the latest works
would be acceptable. In fact, out of the number of volumes in
our library, those treating on scientific subjects, are so few that we
must, in some way put additional ones upon our shelves. Our
work demands it. Who will help us here ? Fresh works on Men¬
tal and Moral Science, Fiction, (the best) and Poetry, Travels and
Biographies, Memoirs and Explorations, Encyclopedias and Lex¬
icons are needed and will be gladly received. As to Poetry and
Fiction, we have few or none of the best known writers of to¬
day, or even of yesterday. Think of a library without Chaucer,
Bacon, Milton, DeFoe. Addison, Burns, Cowper, Dickens, Car-
lyle, George Elliot, Longfellow, Emerson and many oth¬
ers we could mention. In a word we need additional works in
every department. We need an adequate library containing all
the books of value published within the past twenty years. We
had almost forgotten to mention the fact that in Art and Archi¬
tecture, we have nothing. Whoever will help us to complete our
library, will do a good work and make many happy hearts. We
earnestly ask the friends of education and the authors of books to
aid in thus increasing our power for usefulness. Who will help
us? Money for this purpose or'books will be received at Wil-
berforce University, Wilberforce, O.
PAYNE MUSEUM.
by sarah c. scarborough, former instructor in natural
science.
In September, 1878, the writer (then Mrs. S. C. Bierce) find¬
ing her small mineralogical collection inadequate for her needs,
and the University destitute of any working material, addressed
Prof. Henry A. Ward, of Rochester N. Y., with a view to the
purchase of some necessary material. The result was a visit from
Prof. Ward and a proposition which is best set forth in the follow¬
ing extracts from a letter to Bishop D. A. Payne.
Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 10th, 1878.
Bishop D. A. Payne, Philadelphia:
Dear Sir:—A fortnight ago, I made a short visit to Wilber¬
force University, driving out from Xenia. I have for several years
been much interested in this institution, ever since my good friend,
Prof. F. C. Hill, now of Princeton, took me over there in 1874.
and showed me how much the students were interested in our
department of Natural Science, in which he lectured, yet how
36 the wilbkreorce alumnal.
poorly off they were in illustrative material. Since then. I have
made some effort to raise funds for you for a Cabinet in this de¬
partment. I had nearly succeeded in this with my valued friend,
Mr. Gerritt Smith, of Peterboro, N. Y., when he suddenly died,
and I failed there, as I have failed in like efforts since. The fact
is, sir, the "times" seem most unpropitious for such calls on private
liberality. And is it not most unfortunate that this department of
intellectual culture should suffer and lie dormant in an institution
where other branches are being pursued so successfully ? Natural
History can not be sucgessfully taught or studied without speci¬
mens, The classes must have a fair representation of minerals,
and rocks, and fossils, of stuffed specimens, of mounted skeletons
of shells, and corals, and other animal forms in order to study with
any success mineralogy, geology, or zoology. They must have
specimens ; they are as needful to them as are stars to astronomers.
"Wilberforce University is really at this moment -without
anything in this department except an earnest teacher. I met
there the other week, for the first time, Mrs. S. C. Bierce, whom
I found to be most earnest and enthusiastic in her work, yet ex¬
pressing herself as well nigh disheartened by reason of the abso¬
lute lack of all material with which to illustrate her teaching. I
promised to send her, partly as a temporary loan, partly as a gift,
a small series of specimens in one department. And I further
promised her that I would write to you the letter which I am now
doing. And may I sir, from my long experience in such matters,
take the liberty to make some suggestions to you in relation to your
Natural History Cabinets."
(Here follows an outline of the proposed work.)
"For such a museum, I should ordinarily charge $2,000 or
$2200. But I am especially interested in the success of your Uni¬
versity, and would greatly like to see the study of Natural Sci¬
ence fairly undertaken by the students who attend there.
We would call the cost of it $2000, and my donation to it
$600. Will you be able to raise from friends of education the
lacking $1400, and shall you wish to undertake the effort ? I should
be happy, if you choose, to receive a line from you on the subject.
I have written you this letter, both at the suggestion of Mrs.
Bierce, and, as my former letters to you, from my great interest in
this subject, I hope that it may not be in any way obtrusive.
I remain, sir, yours very respectfully,
Henry A. Ward.
Bishop Payne did undertake it with his usual indefatigable
zeal in educational matters, and pledged himself to secure the re¬
quired amount. To this end appeals were issued in circulars bear¬
ing the above letter entire.
the wilberforce alumnal. 37
to the friends of education.
We are very desirous of beginning a museum of Natural Sci¬
ence, that we may be able to teach these branches successfully.
Experience has taught us that it is utterly impossible to give
proper instructions without proper facilities.
Our present financial condition causes us to depend largely
upon the contributions of friends in accomplishing this design.
We, therefore, appeal to the friends of education for assistance in
obtaining the museum, which Prof. H. A. Ward, of Rochester,
N. Y., has so generously offered to aid us in*securing.
Sarah C. Bierce,
Principal of Normal Dept. and Teacher of Natjiral Science.
To the above was appended Prof. Ward's letter, while the
following appeal was also issued by Bishop Payne to accompany
the other circular:
wllberforce university, evergreen cottage.
First Episcopal District, A. M. E. Church:
My Dear "We take the liberty of sending you the ac¬
companying circular, in hope that you may be induced to aid us
in procuring the museum of Natural Science offered us by Prof.
Ward.
The fact that we are brought into daily contact with Nature
and touched every moment at some point of our varied being by
her powerful fingers, ought to lead us to study her manifestations,
in order that we may be able to interpret her utterances, and re¬
duce to practice, the useful lessons she teaches every one of her
diligent students.
Moreover, inasmuch as the knowledge which Natural Sci¬
ence imparts, has power and tendency to increase the usefulness of
the individual, both to the church and to the State, we beg that
you aid us in procuring this needed museum tor the enlarged use¬
fulness of Wilberforce University.
Any sum that you may give will be thankfully received and
faithfully applied to this noble charity by
Your Obedient Servant.
Through Bishop Payne's influence and untiring efforls, the
sum was raised within about $200, which he himself met at pecu¬
niary sacrifice. The University agreed to build the cases (which
were designed by Prof. Ward) at a cost of $250.
In August, 1879, the museum was in position. A review of
its contents is necessary to an understanding and an appreciation
of its value.
In the fourth story of the right wing is Payne Museum (so
38 THE WILBERFORCE ALUM NAL.
called by the recent decision of the faculty,in honor of the Bishop).
It occupies a room 20x50 ft., which is lined with cases fitted with
patent shelves and brackets.
The Botanical collection cocupies the case at one end. Sixteen
handsome walnut cases 16x16x16 in., holds the herbariums, a choice
series of plants, of the most important Natural Orders, classified
and labeled so that Cryptogams, Phenogams, Monocotyledons,
and Dicotyledons may be selected at a glance. There may be
found in addition a special case of the Flora of the Swiss Alps;
Dietrich's sets of musi, lichens and hepaticale with a fine crypto-
gamen-herbarium of Wagner's; algae finely mounted; a large
herbarium of U. S. trees; a valuable collection of American and
European woods; many curious vegetable products from all lands
vegetable ivory, arnatto, lichens, palm fruits, rose of Jericho,
cassica pods, &c., &c.
The Mineralogical section extends nearly half the length of
the hall. Crystallography is illustrated by six glass models of the
systems, fifty plaster models of modified forms, twenty-five cut-
glass models of fundamental forms and Isometric system. Small,
special series of mineral, display the physical character of minerals;
the precious stones are represented by a case of glass imitations
and the various classes of minerals are represented by some 300
large specimens, among which are the diamond, graphites, coals,
amber, sulphurs, gypsums in variety, spars, chalks, quartz, marbles,
amethysts, onyx, opal, serpentine, asbestos, feldspars, garnets,
tourmalines, micas, zinc silicates, iron, lead and copper ores of
many varieties, silver and gold and casts of many famous nuggets.
Each specimen is mounted upon a walnut block, labeled with
name, classification and chemical composition.
The Geological cabinet is arranged both as a lithographical
and stratigraphical series, comprising the important rocks that
enter into the composition of our globe in order of formation,
granites, limestones, marbles, schists, shales, coals, stalagmites,
stalactites, contorted lavas, volcanic bombs, obsidian, &c. &c. This
study is made still more interesting by the contents of the Paleonto-
logical case, containing a large series of plaster casts of celebrated
fossils, to show the ancient life of our planet, The^e extend from
the lowest Silurian Radiate up to man, together with some vege¬
table forms. A series of genuine fossils of different ages, and
periods adds greatly to the value. This is the series mentioned in
Prof. Ward's letter and was sent to the writer shortly after his
visit. A large mastodon cast, slabs of skeleton casts, charts and
diagrams fully equip this section.
Zoology occupies one entire side and is divided into an Inver¬
tebrate and a Vertebrate case. The former exhibits first micro¬
scopic Foraminifera and the most important classes and orders of the
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
39
different Sub-kingdoms are represented by sponges, corals, gorgias,
glass models of Coelenterate animals, sea urchins, starfishes, a
large collection of shells, barnacles, crabs, two cases of Insecta,
with many other specimens. The Vertebrate case contains a fine
display, embracing one or more typical individuals of the natural
orders stuffed, and its skeleton mounted by its side, fishes, frogs,
snakes, iguanas, birds, kangaroo, seal, sloth, ermine, hyena, bats,
apes, to the skeleton man.
Two large center pieces ornament the hall, a buffalo and an
elk. In the autumn ot 1879, an additional shelf of Invertebrata
was added, Prof Ward having donated it on condition that the
room above be fitted up as a lecture room, the cost of which was
met through the efforts of the writer. A number of individuals
have contributed interesting and valuable specimens to the shelves
since 1879.
Payne Museum is of exceptional value, as the specimens were
selected with especial regard to class use, and are just what a
teacher needs to use,and they are so labeled and arranged in order
in their respective cases, that classification in every section is dis¬
tinctly impressed upon the mind.
ART ROOM.
The Art Room, in 1879, received an addition of plaster models
of statuary, to the value of $100, from Mr. Ware, of Boston, who
has just supplemented that gift by an additional $100, for the same
purpose. We desire to enlarge the collections and will gratefully
acknowledge all gifts.
MUSIC ROOM.
Bethel A. M. E. Church, Philadelphia, furnished the Music
Rooms of the University, in 1879, by subscriptions, having pre¬
viously purchased a piano.
THE YOUNG WOMEN'S READING ROOM.
BY BELLA E. LOVE.
The Young Women's Reading Room had its beginning in
the winter of 1878. Mrs. W. S. Scarborough, realizing the need
,of a reading room for the young ladies, first started the movement.
She was successful in furnishing the room with reading matter
for one year through the donations of friends, prominent among
whom were Judge Harlan, of Oswego, N. Y. and Bishop Payne.
Under the management of Mrs. S. for one year, the reading room
continued. At the expiration of this time, Feb 1879, the mem¬
bers numbering 30, organized into the present association, the ob¬
ject of which was to promote the habit of reading. Since 1879,
the Reading Room Association has been self-supporting. Every
40
the wilberforce alumnal.
effort has been made to render it attractive to the different grades
of pupils. From the general interest manifested by its members,
it is evident that the Reading Room Association has been, and is,
a source of much good to the students who come to the University
during the school year, developing or increasing the taste for
reading.
The periodicals upon file are among the best published, great
care is exercised in selecting a suitable yariety of religious, scien¬
tific and miscellaneous papers, among which are the Independent,
Christian Weekly, Christian Advocate, Christian at Work, West¬
ern Christian Advocate, Journal'of Education, Journal and Mes¬
senger, Woman's Journal, N. Y. Freeman, Christian Recorder,
Xenia Gazette, Harper's and Frank Leslie's Magazines, Microcosm
and the Louisville Bulletin.
With an interested President, Mrs. A. J. Cooper, and the
hearty co-operation of all its members, the Reading Room will
doubtless accomplish a greater good in its maturer years than it
was able to do in its infancy.
WILBERFORCE POST OFFICE.
by. j. p. maxwell, postmaster.
The Post office was established at Wilberforce in 1866, under
the administration of Andrew Johnson. Rev. J. T. Jenifer was
the first Postmaster. After an interval of many years, W. S. Scar¬
borough was appointed Postmaster, receiving his commission in
August, 1879, and serving until the first of August 1880. He was
succeeded by Mr. John A. Clark, who was secretary of the Uni¬
versity. Mr. Clark served to Oct. 8th, 1883, and was succeeded by
J. P. Maxwell. The following gentlemen have served as mail
carriers: Mr. D. M. Ashby, who is now advance agent for the
Stewart Wilberforce Concert Co.; Mr. Edward A. Clark, now
Principal of the Colored .School at Evansville, Ind.; and Mr H.
C. Clay, who still serves in that capacity. The mail leaves the
office at 9:15 o'clock a. m. and returns for distribution at 12 o'clock,
Money and letters or packages of value are sent to and from this
office bv the registry system. Persons having children or friends
here can «end them money or any other articles of value admitted
to the mail in almost absolute safety by registering the same.
In considering the conveniences of our college, perhaps none are
more worthy of consideration than the fact that our students do
not have to go outside of the campus, or even outside of the
building for their mad. The office is situated on the first floor,
first door to the left of the main entrance of the gentlemen's hall
About $300 worth of stamps are cancelled annually.
Respectfully, J. P. Maxwell, Postmaster
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
41
THE YOUNG MEN'S READING ROOM.
BY A. R WINTER, CLASS OF '85.
Situated near the corner of the left wing, on approaching, in
the front side of the building, is under the auspices of the Young
Men's Reading Room Association. This Association was organized
and fpunded by Prof. W. S. Scarborough, A. B., L.L. I)., in the
fall of '79. He was President of the Association, from its origin
until*'81, when he resigned. He contributed largely of his own
means to the association and solicited others to send papers and
periodicals. He diffused quite an interest in the Reading Room
among the students of the University. The young men who
mainly supported and sustained it during and after his presidency
were Messrs. M. H. Vaugn and T. D. Scott,* of '80; E. A. Clark,
G. S. Lewis and J. N. Dodson, of '81; J. R. Gibson, F. H. Mabson
and J. M. Gilmere of '82 and a few others.
We cannot forget the generosity of Bishop D. A. Payne,
who is always ready to assist in any laudable nndertaking that
contributes to the advancement of his race, in donating from his
own private purse, in assisting to finish the room by the gift of a
very serviceable matting for its floor, and in influencing other
persons to send us publications. Dr. T. H. Jackson also solicited
means from the good people of Cleveland and Springfield to assist
in purchasing an outfit of reading* matter for the present
year. The hours for reading are those which are not included in
regular study hours, viz: 6 to 8, 12 to 2, 4 to 7, and Saturday
evenings until 9 o'clock. There are now about 25 members
enrolled.
■ It may be said that the papers, periodicals and quarterlies for
which the association subscribes, contain articles written by men
whose minds have been disciplined in the school of study and vir¬
tue; whose faculties have, received polish, energy and firmness
from their intimate acquaintance with literature and science; men
who have the power of arresting the attention of the most listless
by taking hold of their intellect in the proper way; who can trans¬
fuse into otheis their'own knowledge and make it an imperishable
part of the mind itself.
HISTORIC SKETCH OF THE SODALIAN SOCIETY.
BY MR. N. A. BANKS, EAST LIBERTY, O.
The society is a permanent literary organization composed of
young men. It was organized in the year 1871. Among its
prominent founders were: B. F. Lee, J. P. Shorter, S. T. Mitchell
42
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
and H. A. Knight, its first president, who were then members of
the University. They adopted for its motto, "Non Scholae Sed
Vitae Discimas"—We study not for school, but for life.
The original constitution has been revised. Among the
changes was the election of officers in November, February and
May instead of semi-annually: The requirements for membership
are that the applicant be seventeen years of age and have passed
all the studies of the Sub-Academic Department of the University.
In its present membership are represented the States of Ohio, In¬
diana, Illinois, Iowa, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky,
Pennsylvania, New York and the Republic of Hayti. The mem¬
bers of the faculty, by a provision in the constitution, are Honorary
members of the society. The present officers are: R. F. Douge,
of New York, President; R. C. Ransom, of Ohio, Vice-President;
John Hurst, Port-au-Prince, Hayti, Rec. Sec.; Gurley Brewer, of
Indiana, Cor. Sec.; T. D. Scott, of Ohio, Chairman of Ex, Com.
Meetings are held every Thursday from to 8|- o'clock p. m.
Exercises consist (1) Report of Critics; (2) Readings by Libra¬
rian and Budget Master; (3) Declamatian or Oration; (4) Essay;
(5) Discussion. Appointments having been made four weeks
previously, by the Ex. Com. A public meeting the third Thurs¬
day of each school month, on which the usual programme is usually
supplemented by a lecture from some member of the faculty.
So marked has been the influence of this society, upon its
members, that graduates of the university that have been mem¬
bers of the Sodalian, can readily be distinguished. In the year
1882 it banquetted a Senior class in honor of their noble efforts
.and influence.
The past usefulness of the Society has been enjoyed and ap¬
preciated by hundreds; its prospects for the future are full of
promise.
THE PHILOMATHEAN SOCIETY.
" DUX FEMINA FACTI."
BY LAURA E. CLARK, WILBERFORCE, O.
The society of young women was organized February 11th.
1881, under the name of the "Tawawa " Literary society, in re¬
membrance and romantic admiration of the Indian name first
borne by the neighborhood now known as Wilberforce, with
Miss as President. The object of the society, as
stated in its records, is to secure a proficiency in composition,
elocution and the correct conduction of an organized body.
The object of the society remaining the same, the name was
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 43
changed after the first year to that of the Philomathean society,
a name significant of the aspirations of those "lovers of learning"
composing its roll, and under which it is herein introduced to the
public. The society is composed wholly of young women whose
classification ranks above the studies of the sub-Academic depart¬
ment, and whose age is above sixteen years, besides giving proof
of certain other qualifications. Its officers are a President, Vice
President, Recording and Corresponding Secretaries, Treasurer,
Budget Mistress, Librarian, Attorney and Executive Committee.
Miss Rachel Walton now presides Regular sessions are held
each Thursday afternoon at four o'clock and are opened with de¬
votional exercises. A feature of the order of exercise, which is
designed to strengthen the memory and make futile the mind with
good sentiments of others, is that of the mode of answering to
roll call. Each member, at the call of her name by the secretary,
replies with a quotation of an elevating character, giving the name
of the author, if known. Orations, essays, recitations, contribu¬
tions to the Budget, "papers" upon opposite sides of a question
and readings by the Librarian are presented and commented upon
at the following meeting, by the Critic. Public meetings are held
in the audience room, where opportunity is given the society and
guests, of hearing lectures by distinguished ladies and gentlemen,
either of the faculty or from abroad. The last public meeting of
each school year is held in June, on the Friday evening preceding
commencement Day. The programme of this meeting is printed in
each "Graduate."
The Society enjoys the favor, good will, and honor of the
Faculty, the other College Societies and the public.
THE WILBERFORCE HARMONIC ASSOCIATION.
BY ROBT. F. DOUGE, ALBANY, N. Y.
Organized in October of 1884, was the result of a sug estion of
our active and energetic president, Rev. S. T. Mitchell. Recog¬
nizing the need of an organization for higher music culture than
wa§ possible in the limited extent of the class room, he made a
suggestion to some of the best musical talent of Wilberforce and
the Harmonic Association was the result. Its members now num¬
bering nineteen, meet twice a week for training and practice and
at present, though only 5 months old, the Association is in a
flourishing condition. We are governed by a strong constitution
and effective by-laws. Membership is based on musical knowl¬
edge, applicants tor membership being required to pass examina¬
tion before admission. Our library contains the productions of
the best musical composers in the country and the Association is
44
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
progressing rapidly under the management of President Mitchell,
and his assistant, Mr. T. D. Scott. We now furnish music for all
the public entertainments given at the college.
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STEWART-WILBERFORCE CONCERT
COMPANY.
BY EX-PRES. B. F. LEE, EDITOR OF THE CHRISTIAN RECORDER,
PHILADELPHIA.
About 1871 or 1872, Mr. F. A. Stewart, then a member of the
troupe known as "The Tennesseeans" organized in the interest of
Central Tennessee College, Nashville, wrote the President of
Wilberforce proposing to organize a troupe to sing in behalf of
Wilberforce University. This proposition for some reason was
not accepted. In 1881, however, a similar proposition was ac¬
cepted by the Board of Trustees, on motion of Rev. Robt. A.
Johnston. The President of the University was instructed and au¬
thorized to organize and equip a troupe with Frank A. Stewart as
manager, the company to be known as the Wilberforce Concert
Company. Accordingly, Mr. Stewart entered at once upon the
active construction of the company. He finally secured seven as
good aids as he could have found had he taken years. The so¬
prano was carried by Miss Jennie Robinson Stewart, wife of the
manager, together with Miss Dora Chester, who was supplanted
by Mrs. Lizzie Dougan, after a few months. They were supported
by Miss Anna H. Jones, a graduate of Wilberforce University and
Miss Viola M. Johnson, formerly a teacher in the schools of Mad¬
ison, Ind, as alto\ Messrs. Frank P. Brinson, a student of the
Xenia High School and J. N. Caldwell, a student of Wilberforce
University as dassos, and Mr. Stewart himself as tenor. Mr. C. A.
White, a thoroughly competent instructor of instrumental music,
was secured as Musical Director. Mr. Stewart suggested having
Miss Hallie Q. Brown, who had chosen the profession of elocution
join the Company. This was done. Miss Brown is a graduate of
Wilberforce University. Another Wilberforce graduate, Mr. D.
M. Ashby, was selected as advance agent.
The financial support of the organization was the most difficult
part of the whole affair. Mr. Stewart invested nearly all his per¬
sonal available capital, as did also the President of the University
who is to-day at least $600 the poorer thereby.
We succeeded also in collecting over $600, and with a very
meager support the Company took the road Oct. 4, 1881, and gave
215 concerts, besides furnishing music for commencement at Wil¬
berforce in June and filling an important three week's engagement
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL,
45
at Rome City, Ind., under the auspices of the Island Park Assem¬
bly. The season's earnings^were only $7,220, yet perfect satisfac¬
tion had been given at each entertainment. Endorsed by the
Trustee Board, the Company again set forth Sept. 28, '82, visiting
the States of Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska and were able
to report gross receipts of $15,000. The season of 1883-4 foundjthe
company sustaining its high reputation and meeting with equal
success. It is now completing its fourth tour in the West, having
for its object the erection of a much needed Ladies' Hall.
THE TAWAWA SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSEMBLY.
BY J. P. SHORTER, A. M. PROF. OF MATHEMATICS.
The Tawawa Sunday School Assembly and Theological,
Scientific and Literary Circle, was chartered July '83, and during
the same month, held its fir^t session, which proved an interesting
and profitable one. The charter, constitution and by-laws are
neatly bound in pamphlet form. This little work and a literary
magazine, known as "The Tawawa Journal" were printed during
the first year of the circle's existence, by Rev. B. W. Arnett, the
manager. That something more than aiming, or a mere ar¬
rangement was done can be seen by a perusal of the Journal, men¬
tioned above. The writer of this sketch has expressed the
thought and believes the readers of the first Tawawa Journal agree
with him in stating this first effort a worthy one.
AIM.
I use Dr. Arnett's own words, as found in the journal:
"This new organization seeks to promote habits of reading and
study in nature, art, science, and in secular and sacred literature,
in connection with the routine of daily life (especially amongthose
whose educational advantages have been limited) so as to secure
them the "College student's general outlook upon the world and
life; and to develop the habit of close, connected, persistent think¬
ing; utilize the "Chimney-Corner" so as to make every home a
school and church; in fact to organize in every community a band
of thinkers—those who desire to elevate the race and increase their
knowlege and usefulness. This organization will give an oppor¬
tunity to discover the undeveloped mental and moral power of the
race and to bring into requisition all the available forces of our
men and women; And by being thus united, they can accomplish
more for the general good than they otherwise could do as individ¬
uals* for it is intended to use every spare moment for the improve¬
ment of the mind—to husband our time and never go to bed at
night without knowing somethimg more than we did when we
46
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
rose in the morning—to learn something by study every day—to
observe and think—to think and observe—"to teach the mind to
think, the heart to love and the hand to work for God and
humanity."
Since no one can have any just conception of the work done
during the meetings of the assembh in '83 unless he was there;
all who read this as news must necessarily read them as cold his¬
torical facts, earnestness of purpose, interest of subject in hand
and the importance of the occasion seemed to possess each speak¬
er from the hour of Bishop Campbell's opening address, to that
of the benediction.
D. F. DeWolf, State Commissioner of. Education, Prof. F. S.
Delaney, Miss Susie P. Johnson and the writer talked arithmetic;
Prof. E. A. Clark, gave hours of valuable instruction in U. S. His¬
tory and Grammar; Rev. Richard Harper naturally took to bible
evidences and Rev. I. M. Burgan to the Sabbath School; Prof. A.
D. Delaney took reading for his subject and J. P. Shorter talked
geography. President Lee gave several talks on mental science and
logic. Lectures were given on papers read by Bishop Cain, Dr.
Jno. G. Mitchell, Com. of Education D. F. DeWolf, Dr. Moorehead.
Dr. Weeks, Prof. F. S. Delaney and Nicholas Morjickian. Nay,
the first year's doings or the contents of the Tawawa Journal was
not complete without the poem written by Mrs B. F. Lee, entitled
"Tawawa." So satisfactory was the gathering from beginning to
end that the committee on resolutions at'the close of the exercises
presented, with others, this seventh resolution, which was adopted
by those who for seven days came to discuss and receive truths.
7. Resolved, That the following named instructors will have
the thanks of posterity in their efforts to inaugurate the T. L. and
S. A.:
INSTRUCTORS.
Bishop J. P. Campbell, D. D., Philadelphia, Pa.
Bishop R. H, Cain, D. D., Louisiana and Texas.
Pres. B. F. Lee, D. D., Wilberforce University.
J. P. Shorter, A. M., Prof, of Mathematics, Wilberforce, O.
J. G. Mitchell, D. D., Wilberforce, O.
Nicholas Morjickian, Armenia, Asia.
F. S. Delaney, Prin. Madison, Ind., H. S.
E. A. Clarke, Prin. Evansville, Ind., H. S.
A. D. Delaney, Prin. Urbana School.
I. M. Burgan, B. D., Wilberforce University.
Susie P.Johnson, Gaines' H. S., Cincinnati, O
Mrs. M. E. Lee, B. S., Wilberforce, O.
Rev. Richard Harper, Nashville, Tenn.
Rev. G. C. Sampson, Williamsport, Pa.
,
THE WILBKRFORCE ALUMNAL, 47
The work of '84 was broader in scope and among those who
did effectual work, may be mentioned Bishops Campbell and
Shorter, Revs. B. W. Arnett. C. S. Smith. M. E. Bryant, T. H.
Jackson, Profs. J. M. Maxwell, S. T. Mitchell, W. S. Scarborough,
Geo. H. Bailey, E. A. Clark. F. S. Delaney, J. N. Dodson, J. Ad¬
dison Brown, A. D. Delany, J. P. Shorter, Mrs. Landonia Wil¬
liams, W. S. Scarborough, Geo. Bailey, J. M. Townsend, Miss
Carrie E. Jenkins,
Mr. Geo. E. Jackson and J. P. Maxwell; also the little folks
claimed the attention of the Assembly and community one even¬
ing in the form of a juvenile Tawawa concert and exhibition,
under the management of Mrs. J. P. Shorter.
The outlook for '85 is even more hopeful than at any previous
time for a profitable and enjoyable session. There have been three
distinct departments established. Secular teachers, Theological
and Sabbath School; Prof. J. M. Maxwell, dean of the first, Di.
Arnett, dean of the second, Rev. C. S. Smith, dean of the third.
Definite work for the morning sessions of each day has been as¬
signed to the Secular Teachers Department and will, we suppose
soon appear in the S. S. Review, to which it has been sent for
publication.
From this very brief sketch, may be gathered some idea ot
what this auxiliary of Wilberforce—The Tawawa Sunday School
Assembly—is doing, and though young, as all her helps must be,
is taking the form of a necessity. J. P. SHORTER.
STUDENTS
ADMISSION.
Every ferson applying tor admission into our school must
bring testimonials of good moral character.
Divinity students must come to us fully endorsed by the
church authorities as possessing gifts, graces and fruits, otherwise
they will not be permitted to enter the Theological Department,
but will be put on trial, according to the 10th canon of the A. M.
E. Church. ,
No student from abroad, under fourteen years of age will be
admitted as a member of the institution, except by special ar¬
rangement with the faculty. For all such, application in writing
should be made previous to their coming to Wilberforce.
The parents and guardians of students who desire to board in
families, must consult the faculty before selecting their boarding
places.
Students from other schools must present certificates of hon¬
orable dismission from the proper authority.
48
a
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
For admission to advanced standing, candidates will be thor¬
oughly examined in the studies of the previous year, or their equiv¬
alents; or the presentation of proper credentials of standing, in
other institutions may secure to students from other schools the
privilege of advanced standing on probation.
EXAMINATIONS.
At the close of each term the classes are examined in the
studies, of the term. Impromptu examinations are held at
various times throughout the terms. Both oral and written exam¬
inations are held at the close of year.
No student will be permitted to goon with his class unless his
records during the term and at the examinations show good schol¬
arship and reach the average required by the Faculty.
GOVERNMENT.
The government is inflexibly strict in excluding all -practices
tending to immorality, and in exacting a uniform regard for good
order, studious habits, and attention to the prescribed routine of
duty. Every student, but particularly such as are of immature
years, receives the individual and prayerful watch-care of mem¬
bers of the Faculty. Wholesome regulations are instituted, de¬
signed to promote the prosperity and happiness of the students;
which will commend themselves to every well disposed mind, and
receive the cordial support of every lady and gentleman. A dis¬
position to evade just and salutary rules will meet with special dis¬
approbation.
In the work of instruction as well as of dicipline, our aim is
to inspire and increase in the pupil self-respect, self-control and
self-development.
A daily account is kept of each student in such a way as to
afford a full exhibit of his habits in regard to regularity and
punctuality, as well as the merit and demerit of his relation each
day, in his several studies. A monthly report will be sent to the
parents, or guardian of each pupil.
REQUIREMENTS.
1. Proper observance of the Sabbath—attendance at Church
and Sabbath-School.
2. Bathing and all preparations for the Sabbath must be fully
attended to on Saturday evening.
3. Punctual attendance at prayers, recitations and othei
exercises.
4. Strict observance of the appointed study hours.
Prof. W. S. Scarborough, LL. D. Mr. J. P. Maxwell.
Professor of Languages. Secretary.
V
Wi
%
M..
Mijj
Rev. T. H.Jackson, D. D.
Professor of Theology.
Prof. J. P. Shorter, A. M
Professor of Mathematics.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 49
5. Every student will be held responsible for all improper
conduct occurring in his room, and particularly accountable for
all injury beyond ordinary use.
6. Every room must be accessible at all times, to members of
the Faculty.
7. Students must keep their rooms and dormitory halls in
good order, and leave them clean at the end of the term. All
must assist in keeping the halls and school rooms clean and com¬
fortable. *
PROHIBITIONS.
1. The association with the opposite sex without permission.
2. The use of intoxicating drinks, tobacco, fire-arms, or other
weapons; games of chance; profanity and obscenity.
3. The use or possession of all immoral books or papers.
4. Visiting each other's rooms during study hours.
5. Absence from premises, or visiting families without per¬
mission.
6. All improper conduct.
7. Cutting, marking, or in any way defacing the building or its
appurtenances.
8. Visiting the kitchen without permission.
9. Throwing water, ta:ash, litter, or anything offensive from
the window.
RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION.
At 7:45 a. m., and 4 p. m., all the pupils assemble in the chapel
for religious devotion, which consists in reading a portion of the
scriptures, singing a hymn and prayer; at which all are required
to be present These exercises have a happy influence upon the
pupils, and have done much in ^making the labors of governing
comparatively light. \
Great care is taken to guard the pupils from immoral habits,
profane language, and reading improper books.
The religious element will receive particular encouragement
and protection, No repulsive sectarianism will be indulged.
While such a disposition may be discountenanced, there will be
assiduous efforts to favor and render inviolate the profession of
Christianity, and to induce those who are not truly religious to
become so. To all inclined to respect the Christian religion and
its institutions, the welcome hand will be heartily extended ;
but to those whose influence is prejudiced to religion and good
morals, no protracted stay can be allowed; believing, as we do,
that the success of an educational enterprise is strictly propor¬
tional to its moral and religious tone. .
50
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
FURNITURE, ETC.
Each room is furnished with a clothespress, bedstead, mat¬
tress, two pillows, stove, table and two chairs.
Young ladies are advised to provide themselves with over¬
shoes and water-proof cloaks. Students should bring their own
bed-clothing, towels, etc., with names marked in full.
TERM EXPENSES.
Tuition in Theological Department Free
Tuition in Practice School $3 00
Tuition in, Sub-Academic Department 4 75
Tuition in Academic, Normal and Scientific Department 5 75
Tuition in Classical Department 6 75
Room and Coal-bin Rent 2 50
Washing, per Dozen 75
Incidentals, per Term .*1 75
Wood, per Cord $3 to $4
Coal, 15c. to 18c. per Bushel
Board per week 1 75
YEARLY SUMMARY.
Tuition $ 9 00 or $20 25
Incidentals 5 25 " 5 25
Room and Coal-bin Rent ' . 7 50 " 7 50
Board 73 50 " 73 50
Fuel 8 00 " 12 00
Total $103 25 "$118 50
Instrumental Music, per Term $15 50
NUMBER OF STUDENTS ATTENDING WILBERFORCE.
Girls
Boys.
Total
From
'63 to '65
Number Enrolled
73
96
169
66
'65 " '66
66
66
40
85
125
66
'66 " '67
66
66
58
82
140
a
'67 " '68
66
66
28
38
66
u
'68 " '69
66
66
55
30
85
66
'69 '■ '70
66
66
32
80
112
66
'70 " '71
66
66
48
76
124
66
'71 " '72
66
66
Ill
48
159
* "
'72 " '73
66
40
98
138
66
'73 " '74
66
66
57
101
158
66
'74 •' '75
66
66
43
82
125
. 66
'75 '• '76
66
66
. . ., 49
104
. 153
THE
WILBERFORCE
ALUMNAL.
51
Girls,
Boys.
Total
From '76 u '77 Number Enrolled
102
151
" '77 " '78
u
45
107
152
" '78 i4 '79 "
u
46
109
155
" '79 " '80 "
u
46
125
171
" '80 " '81 "
u
54
111
165
" '81 « '82 "
u
42
99
141
" '82 « '83
U
49
59
108
" 83 " '84
U
58
75
133
" '84 " '85
U
47
64
111
Grand Total
1771
2841
HONORARY ALUMNI.
Bishop Daniel A. Payne, D. D., was educated at Gettysburg
College, taught school in Charleston, South Carolina, Baltimore,
Maryland, Washington, D. C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He was elected Bishop of the A. M. E. Church May
1852. He has been Church Historian since 1848. He was
a delegate to Ecumenical Conference of Methodists, in London,
Eng., and presided over the body Sept 17, 1881. He received the
degree of L. L. D. from Lincoln University, 1880. He is the
acknowledged Advocate of an Educated Ministry in the A. M.
E. Church. He is the first President of a University owned and
and controlled by colored men on the American continent. He is
known on the continent for Educational ability, his love of learn¬
ing, his devotion to the education of the race and for his love of
man. He is consecrated to the holy cause of Christian Missions.
He, by his own exertions, secured the Museum for Wilberforce
University, which is worth $2000, and which has been appropri¬
ately called " The Payne Museum." Thus will his name be con¬
nected with the study of Sciences, and as the young and rising
generation tread the halls of oiir University, they will read the
name over the gateway of the Temple of Knowledge, that in our
days stands as synonym of a Christian education, and shall be
transmitted from "generation to generation as a worthy example of
consecrated learning and devoted love to man and God.
Bishop Henry M. Turner, D. D., is an ex-member of the Leg¬
islature of Georgia, ex-member of the Constitutional Convention,
of Georgia, ex-Past Master, of Columbus, Ga., ex-Chaplain of the
United States Army. He is President of the Board of Trustees
Allen University, Columbia, S. C; He is the President of the
Literary and Historical Society of the A. M. E Church. He is the
Presiding Bishop of the States of Kentucky and Tennessee. He
52
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
is one of the best posted of the race in the sciences and is an en¬
tertaining speaker and brilliant preacher.
Richard H. Cain, D. D., Ex-State Senator of South Carolina,
ex-Congressman of United States from South Carolina, Secretary
Parent Home and Foreign Missionary Society, President of the
Board of Publication, and is now the Presiding Bishop of the
States of New England and New York. He is founder of the
Paul Qiiinn College, Waco, Texas, and was its first President.
Bishop J. P. Campbell, D. D., LL. D., was General Book
Steward A. M. E. Church 1856, elected Bishop 1864, was the first
Bishop to go to California, 1864-65. He was National Delegate
to the British Weslevan Conference in 1869. He is now President
of the Trustee Board of Wilberforce University, and President
of Tawawa Theological, Scientific^knd Literary Association. He
is a trustee of the Old Folks' Home in Philadelphia, Pa. He
was editor of the Christian Recorder in 1856-7.
- Bishop William F. Dickerson, D. D., graduated at Lincoln
University, 1870, was a National Delegate to M. E.' Church, 1876,
was a delegate to the Ecumenical Conference of Methodists in
London, Eng., 1881, was elected a Bishop of A. M, E. Church
1880, President of Alien University in 1881 and of this Trustee
Board 1882-3-4—died Dec. 20th, 1884 at Columbia, S. C., and was
buried at Woodbury, New Jersey, Dec. 26th, 1884.
Rev. Benjamin F. Tanner, D. D., Missionary to California,
Editor of Christian Recorder for 16 years, one of the secretaries
of Centennial Conference of American Methodists, Dec. 9th, 1884,
and is now editor of the A. M. E. Church Review. He has been
a correspondent of the New York Independent He is author of,
"Is the Negro Cursed," "Apology of African Methodism," "Out¬
line History of the A. M. E. Church."
Rev. George T. Watkins, D. D., Principal of High School'in
Baltimore, Md., and Portsmouth, Va., Pastor in Philadelphia, Pa.,
one of the first to deliver an annual address to the Literary Socie¬
ties of Wilberforce University.
Rev. James H. A. Johnson D. D., Missionary to South Caro¬
lina 1865, Editor of Baltimore Lyceum, and the African Methodist,
Secretary of General Conference A. M. E. Church 1872, Presid¬
ing Elder of Baltimore District, Baltimore Conference A. M. E.
Church, was Fraternal Delegate to A. M. E. Church 1876.
Rev, William H. Hunter, Student at Wilberforce 1860-61,
Chaplain in U. S. Army, Missionary to North Carolina, General
Business Manager of A. M. E. Church 1872-76, Purchased
Charles Street Church, Boston, Mass , was Chairman of Conven¬
tion to British A. M. E. Church, 1880. He is Pastor A. M. E.
Church, Richmond, Va.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL
53
Rev. Theophilus G. Steward,.D. D , a member of Philadelphia
Confeience, Missionary to Georgia 1865, Missionary to Hayti 1874,
Member of General Conference 1876 and 1880, one of Prize
Essayists of Campbell Prize, Author of Rachel Steward; Death,
Hades and Resurrection; Systematic Divinity; Read an Essay at
the Centennial Conference of American Meihodism. He preached
annual sermon at Wilberforce University. He purchased the new
Church for the Union Church, and is now the Pastor. He was
elected to the Chair of Theology, of Wilberforce, 1884, but declined.
Rev. John G. Mitchell, A. M., D. D., Graduated at Oberlin
College, Principal 7fh Street School, Cincinnati, O., 1863, Princi¬
pal School in Columbus, Georgia; Professor of Alcorn University.
Mississippi; Fraternal member M. E. General Conference and
Ecumenical Committee 1880 in Cincinnati, Ohio; General Agent
of Wilberforce 1883-84, is now pastor of North Street A. M E.
Church, Springfield, Ohio.
Rev. James A. Handy, D. D., Member of Territorial Legisla¬
ture, District of Columbia; Corresponding Secretary of the
Parent Home and Foreign Missionary Society, 1870; Member of
Financial Board 1880, 1884, 1888; Chairman Episcopal Committee
of General Conference A. M. E. Church, 1884.
Peter H. Clark, A. M., Pioneer Teacher and Editor in the
West, Principal Gaine's High School, Cincinnati, O., Member of
Board of Trustees State University, Columbus, O.
Rev. Sylvester Weeks, A. M., D. D-, graduate of Miami
University, one of the leading pastors of Cincinnati Conference,
a teacher of the Theologian Assembly.
Rev. William J. Simmons, A. M., D. D., a graduate of Har¬
vard University, President State University, Louisville, Ky.,
State Commissioner World's Exposition, New Orleans.
Rev. Wesley J. Gaines, D. D., Member North Georgia Con¬
ference, Member of Financial Board, General Agent Morris
Brown College, at Atlanta, Ga.
Rev. Cornelius Asbury, D.D., Member Pittsburgh Conference,
Asssistant Secretary, General Conference 1880-84, Secretary of
Pittsburgh Conference, Presiding Elder of Wheeling District, A.
M. E. Church.
Rev. James M. Townsend, D. D., was a soldier in the war
of 1863-65, Studied in Oberlin College, was Principal Colored •
Schools Evansville, Ind., Assistant Secretary General Conference
1876 Missionary Secretary 1879-80, Delegate to Ecumenical Con¬
ference, London, Eng., 1881, Member of the Indiana Legisla-
ture 1884. , I
54
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
Prof. William S. Scarborough, A. M., LL. D., Graduated at
Oberlin, a member of Theological Society, Member of the Social
Science Society, Author of Greek Grammar, and is now Professor
of Greek and Latin, Wilberforce University.
Rev. Theodore A. Thompson. D. D., was a student of Wes¬
ton Theological Seminary, Allegheny City, Pa., Pastor Wylie
Street Church, Pittsburgh, Pa,, Columbus, Ohio, and is now in
Allen Temple, Cincinnati, O. He was the first colored man in
Western Pennsylvania to receive license as a pilot on the Alle¬
gheny River. He was also a captain on one of the boats of said
river. He was a member of the General Conference of the A.
M. E. Church, 1880.
Benjamin W. Arnett, D.D., has been Country School Teacher,
Secretary of National Equal Rights League, 1866, Delegate to Na¬
tional Convention 1864-65, Member of Pennsylvania Equal
Rights League, Vice President of the Sunday School Union of
the State of Ohio, appointed a delegate to the Robert Raikes In¬
ternational Centennial Celebration by the Sunday school Union of
the State of Ohio, 1880, A member of the International Sunday
School Convention, Toronto, Canada 1881, elected Secretary of
General Conference of A. M. E. Church, 1876 and 1880, Was
elected Financial Secretary of the A. M. E. Church 1880, and re¬
elected in 1884, He is Dean of the Theological Department of
Tawawa Assembly and Editor of the Budget of A. M. E. Church,
He was Chaplain of Republican State Convention 1880 and act¬
ed Chaplain to State Legislature 1879, and was one of the Recep¬
tion Committee to Hon. J. G. Blaine, 1884 when he came to
Greene County, Ohio.
T. H.Jackson, D. D., Pastor and Prof. Theology, Wilberforce, O-
class of 1871.
J. P. Shoz'ter, M. A., Prof, of Mathematics, ... Wilberforce, O.
ALUMNI.
The First class was Graduated by the School, 1870.
class of 1870.
J. T.Jenifer, D. D., Pastor. ..
I. H. Welch, B. D., Pastor. ...
Boston, Mass-
Birmingham, Ala-
class of 1872.
C. E. Heibert, B. D., Pastor ...
J. W. Beckett, D. D., Pastor.. .
Carlisle, Pa.
Wilmington, Del.
the wilberforce alumnal.
55
B. F. Lee, Editor of Christian Recorder Philadelphia.
Lottie P.Harris, B. S., Columbia, S. C., wife of Prof. T. McCant
Stewart, LL. B., of Liberia College, West Africa.
G. L. Robinson, B. D. deceased, (1876,)
class of 1873.
S. T. Mitchell, M. A., President of Wilberforee University.
Julia A. Shorter, B. A., Wilberforee, Ohio, widow of ReV. H. A.
Knight, deceased, 1884.
Mary E. Davis, B. A., wife of Rev. J. G. Yeiser, . . .Atlanta, Ga.
Mary E. Ashe, B. S., wife of Dr. B. F. Lee. Philadelphia, Pa.
A. D. Delaney, B. A., Principal Colored Schools.. Urbana, O.
Hallie Brown, B. S., Elocutionist, Wilberforee Concert Co.
class of 1874.
S. R. Baily, B. A., Principal Colored Schools, Kansas City, Mo.
"Ella J. Green, Teacher Galveston, Texas.
Elmira Copeland, Teacher St. Louis, Mo.
■ Virginia Copeland, Teacher . St. Louis, Mo
•Maggie E. Crable.. . .... Liverpool, O.
class of 1875.
H. A. Knight, B. D, deceased, (1882.)
John Coleman, B. D., Pastor . Middleport, O.
Zelia R. Ball, B. S., wife of Prof. Inman Page, and Lady Princi¬
pal of Lincoln Institute... Jefferson City, Mo.
Carrie Jenkins, B. S., Teacher Yellow Springs, O.
* class of 1876. ^
J. G. Yeiser, B.D., Pastor Atlanta, Ga.
A. J. Bowles, B. A., Teacher Bowling Green, Ky.
G. C. Whitfield, B. D., deceased, (1879.)
f Lizzie Baker, wife of A. G. Guy, Teacher Ironton,().
class of 1877.
H. Talbert, B. A., Pastor Elmira, N. Y.
J. G. Brown, B. S., Postal Clerk, Cincinnati to Pittsburgh.
class of 1878.
F. S. Delaney, B. A., Prof, of Lincoln University, Jefferson City,
Missouri.
• M. E. Bluford, Teacher Richmond, Ind.
■ Sadie E. Black, Mrs. Hamilton Alleghany, Pa.
H. Georgiana White, Teacher, St. Louis, Mo.
56 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
class of 1879.
W. M. Yeocum, B. D., Pastor Camden, N.J.
Ella M. Asbury, B. S., wife of Mr. F. Maxwell, Teacher, Ind
Ella P.Jenkins, B. S , deceased, (1882.)
"W. H. S.1 Seals, Teacher. . Quincy, 111.
•Sadie B. Owens, wife of Rev. J. T. Hammond, Rendville, O.
class of 1880.
B. F. Combash, B. D.. Philadelphia, Pa.
M. R. Wilson, B. D., Pastor .... Sabina, O.
W.J.Johnson, B. D., Pastor . . .Chillicothe, O.
M. H. Vaughn. B. S., Principal Springfield, O.
T. D. Scott, B. S., deceased, (1881.)
class of 1881.
D. M. Ashby, B. A., Agent Wilberforce Concert Company.
E. A. Clark, B. A., Principal Colored Schools, Evansville, Ind.
G.S.Lewis, B. A., Teacher. Evansville, Ind.
W. W.Jones, B S., Teacher Lawrence, Kan.
J. N. Dodson, B. S., Principal Yellow Springs, O.
•Alice E. Dugged, Teacher . Wyandotte, Kan,
•Anna H.Jones, (nee Coleman.) formerly Alto &c., with the Wil¬
berforce Concert Company, Springfield, O.
"class of 1882.
J. R. Gibson, B. S., Teacher,..
F. H. Mabson, B. S., Principal
fMattie E^. Freeman/ Teacher . .
J. M. Gilmere, B. D., Pastor ...-
Galveston, Texas.
Galveston, Texas.
.*. Washington, D. C.
... Baltimore, Md.
class of 1883.
fj. J. Bass, Principal Olathe, Kan.
I'M. Burgan, B. D., President William Paul Quinn College,
Waco, Texas.
C. M. Crosby, B. D., Prof. Allen University,. ... Columbia, S.C.
f Carrie E. Ferguson, {nee Crosby), Teacher, Allen University,
Columbia, S. C.
Edith A. Games, B. S., Principal Normal Department, William
Paul Quinn College, Waco, Texas.
flda M. Harris, Teacher San Antonio. Texas.
G. W. Nicholson, B. D., Pastor Winchester, Va.
J- R. Scott, B. C., Prof. Divinity High School, Jacksonville, Fla.
fNormal Department.
the wilberforce alumnal. 57
class of 1884.
L. M. Becket, Pastor A. M. Church . . Oswego, N. Y.
W. H. Coston, Post Graduate, Student in Yale College, New
Haven, Conn.
Solomon G. Dorce. Missionary Port Au Prince Hayti.
Adolph H. Mevs, Missionary. . . Port Au Prince Hayti.
George W. Prioleau, Preaching and Teaching, Yellow Springs, O.
John W. Sexton, Pastor A. M. Church Sacramento, Cal.
MINUTES OF ALUMNI ASSOCIATION.
The following are the Minutes of the Alumni Association of
Wilberforce University for the years ending 1883-84-
Wilberforce, Ohio, June 20,'83
The Alumni Association met 8^ a. m. President A. D. De-
laney in the chair. By motion Horace Talbert of N. J., was Sec.
pro tem. Not being able to find the roll, the minutes were read
and laid over until arrival of the Secretary. By motion, the Pres.
was empowered to dispatch for the Sec. to send all books and pa¬
pers belonging to the Society. By motion the Association ad¬
journed to meet on 21st, after the Anniversary of the Alumni.
Horace Talbert, Sec. pro tem.
Wilberforce, Ohio, June 21,'83.
The Alumni Association convened at 4 p. m., witn President
A. D. Delaney in the chair. Exercises opened with a solo by J.
W. Becket Prayer was offered by Rev. H. Talbert, Singing led
by Prof. S. T. Mitchell. "All hail the Power of Jesus' name". Rev.
J. T. Jenifer of Class '70 gave some very interesting reminisences
of student-life from a literary stand-point. Rev. I. H. Welsh of
Class'70, gave some interesting remarks pertaining to the hard¬
ships of student life. Rev. J. H. Jackson, of CIas^'70, gave some
important facts pertaining to the early history of the institution.
Miss E. M. Asbury read a very entertaining production which
was highly appreciated by all present. After which the President
A. D. Delaney, made a few appropriate remarks. Benediction by
Rev. I. H- Welch.
58 THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
The following persons became members of the Association:
John Robert Scott, Jacksonville, Fla.; George W. Nicholson, Bal¬
timore, Md.; Ida May Harris, Circleviile, O,; Isaac M. Burgan,
Wilberforce, O.; C M. Crosby, Wilberforce, O.; J J. Bass, Cir¬
cleviile, O.; C. E. Ferguson, Lebanon, 0.;E. A. Games, Philadel¬
phia, Penn. A. D. Delaney, Pres., M. H. Vaughn, Sec.
Wilberforce, Ohio, June 22,'83.
The Alumni convened, Mr. A. D. Delaney in the chair. Prayer
was offered by Rev. I. M. Burgan. Mrs. M. E. Perry was elected
Sec. fro tem, It was voted that Rev. Horace Talbert deliver an
oration at the next anniversary of the Society. By motion, Mis.
Zelia Ball Page was appointed to read a paper. By motion Mrs.
S. C. Scarborough, was appointed to read a paper. It was resolv¬
ed that it should be a standing rule that the President of the Asso¬
ciation should deliver the salutatory at the anniversaries. It was
voted that all the members be informed two months before the
meeting of the Society.
A committee of the five named persons were appointed to
draft a constitution: Prof. J. P. Shorter, Chairman; Prof. S. T.
Mitchell, Prof. J. B. Brown. Mrs. J. Shorter Knight, Pres. B. F.
Lee. It was moved and carried that an order for 25 cts. be drawn
to pay for telegraphing. It was voted by the Ann. that a mem¬
ber should have the loan of $25 with interest, for thirty days.
Prof. S. T. Mitchell gave the report of Committee on Alumni
Hall. The Society listened to the report of Corrs. Sec. It was
moved and carried that we publish a programme of next Ann. and
send them with invitations to eaeh member of association. By
motion the note of $290 be renewed and interest be computed and
put on the face of it. The report of the Treasurer was adopted.
It was moved that the Treasurer invest all the cash money soon
after the meeting. The following officers were elected. Presi¬
dent, Horace Talbert; Vice President, Rev. B. W. Arnett; Re¬
cording Sec., M. E. Lee; Corrs. Sec., Prof. S. T. Mitchell; Treas¬
urer, Rev. T. H.Jackson; Executive Committee, President. B. F.
Lee, Rev., B. W. Arnett, Prof. W. S. Scarborough. The meeting
adjourned by singing the Doxology. Benediction by J. W. Beck-
et. Mrs. M. E. Perry, Sec. pro tem.
m Wilberforce, Ohio, June 22, 6 p. m.
By order of the Pres. A. D. Delaney the Alumni convened in a
call meeting. By motion the Corrs. Sec. be empowered to pub¬
lish the minutes of the last meeting. By motion the Executive
Committee on Alumni Hall Building be continued. By motion
Assn. adjourned. M. E. Lee, Sec.
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 59
Wilberforce University, January 20, 1884.
The Alumni Association met at 9 o'clock a. m., Dr. Benj. W.
Arnett in the Chair. Meeting opened with prayer. The follow¬
ing persons lesponded at the calling of the roll:—Mrs. M. E.
Yeisef; Miss E. J. Green; Miss H. Q Brown; Dr. T. H.Jackson,
Mr. A. D. Delaney; Mr. F. S. Delaney; Mr. F. H. Mabson; Mr
J. R. Gibson; Mr J. W. Sexton; Mt\ G. W. Privoleau and Mr. S.
G. Dorce; Miss E. J. Green gave a note for $10, payable in six
months; Mr. A D. Delaney gave a note for $5, payable in six
months.
The following persons paid their dues:—Dr. T. H. Jackson,
$5; Dr. B. W. Arnett, $5; Prof. J, P. Shorter, $5; Mr. J. R. Gib¬
son, $5; Mrs. M. E. Yeiser $5.
By some misarrangement the minutes of 1883 were not on
hand. By motion, the Corresponding Secretary was instructed
to collect the note of $25, of C. C. Felts and pay it over to the
the Treasurer. By motion, the Corresponding Secretary was au¬
thorized to collect the dues of the delinquent members and to pay
the same over to the Treasurer. On motion the progiamme
for the next public exercise be left in the hands of the Executive
Committee, who shall be prompt in notifying thg persons chosen
for exercisers. The Association then proceeded to elect officers with
the following result:—Mr. J- N. Dodson, President; Miss E. J.
Green, Vice President; Mr. G. W. Privoleau, Secretary; Dr. B.
W. Arnett, Corresponding Secretary; Dr. T. H. Jackson, Treas¬
urer. The Executive Committee:^-Dr. B. W. Arnett, Chairman;
Miss C. Jinkens, Mr. A. D. Delaney, Prof. [. P Shorter, Mrs. J.
A. Knight, Mr. J. Gibson. Committee on Constitution:—Prof. J
P. Shorter, Pres. S. T* Mitchell, Dr B. F. Lee. Prof. W. S. Scar¬
borough, Mr. G. W. Privoleau.
On motion, the Committee on Memorial Hall be continued,
substituting B. W. Arnett. instead of Dr. B. F. Lee. Mr. Gibson
made a motion that the annual fee be reduced one-half the present
sum Motion was lost. It was moved that the A. M. E. Secre¬
tary be loaned tne sum of $150 for the institution.
On motion the Secretary give a vote of thanks to the Wilber-
force Concert Company, Miss H. Q. Brown and Vice-Pres Dr. B.
W. Arnett for their admirable service at the public meeting of the
aluroni. ' By motion the Corresponding Secretary have the min¬
utes published. Dr. B. W. Arnett, Vice-Pres.
Mrs. M. E. Lek, Secretary.
60 THE WILBERFOKCE ALUMNAE.
TO BE REMEMBERED
T. H. J.
There are people and places that should never be forgotten.
The people because of what the\ are and what they do. The
places, because they produce such people. And this is especially
true when such people are helptul to others 111 obtaining an
education. Such ' are the thoughts that come to us as
we call to mind the people of the following pla¬
ces in Ohio, viz : Lebanon, Maineville, Springboro, Dayton,
Yellow Springs, South Charleston, Jamestown, London,
Selma, West Jefferson, Unicn Village, Harveysburg and Cedar-
ville. The people in these places, would that we could name them
all, because of the largeness of their hearts ; many of them, be¬
cause of their self-sacrificing spirit; nearly all of them because of
their goodness, made it possible for scores of young men to con¬
tinue in school at Wilberforce University. Young mefl who were
just beginning to preach; young men whose knowledge was very
little more than experimental, yet they were accepted by the peo¬
ple of the places named above and enough money and provisions
given to them to keep them alive and in school. These people
have been blessetl of the Lord. He has remembered them. The
support given these youug men by the people wa» not thrown
away. Great good resulted to the people and to the young men
For whilst the young men were kept in school, going to the pla¬
ces on Saturdays and returning on Mondays to Wilberforce, they
were really in earnest and did a good work. During vacation,
almost all of the time was spent with the people (except that
part spent in the harvest field). Souls were cheered, the sick
were visited, and prayed with, the afflicted were comforted, the
dead were buried, church property was bought and houses
of worship were built. Thus the people were helped and
our young men were sent out, not only with a theoretical knowl¬
edge of the pastoral work, but also a practical knowledge of that
work. It was not all smooth sailing for the young men No.
The writer remembers especially the spring of '69, when the A.
M. E. Church in Dayton was charged with being a slave-holding
Church, that he was called from Danville, K\., to answer the
charge. He did so as best he could. African Methodism has
been on the increase from that day to this. Amid oppositions and
misrepresentations from the outside, the people, to their honor and
great credit, stood by the young men sent to them. Now in all
these places mentioned, respectable houses of worship have been
built, mostly through the efforts of the students of Wilberforce.
They gathered the people and held them together. The people
stood by them and together they worked. Lots were bought,
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL,
61
houses were built, souls were converted and many of them have
gone to glory. Many are on the way. None of the people shall
loose their reward. The cup of cold water has been given in the
name of the Lord. These people and places shall never be
forgotten.
EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT A. M. E. CHURCH.
endowment day.
The General Conference of the A. M. E. Church, held in
Baltimore, Md., May 2d, 1844, apprehending the imperative de¬
mands for an educated constituency, took position in advance of
anything it had hitherto held and established, a complete educa¬
tional department with an admirable system of raising funds for
that purpose. As a part of its plan it inaugurated throughout the
connection an Endowment Anniversary, which will be held in all
their Churches on the third Sabbath of each September, and be
observed in both Church and Sabbath school. The collections of
the entire day in both departments of the Church, are to form an
endowment fund, which is placed under direction of District
Boards of Education to be used only in accordance with the law.
The Northern States, including Maryland, W. Virginia, Kentucky,
Missouri and Canada, constitute the First Educational District,
whose chief educational work is Wilberforce University—an in¬
stitution of 22 years growth—the first of its character on the con¬
tinent. Rev. John G. Mitchell, D. D., a classical graduate of
Oberlin, and a man of unquestioned integrity, is District Secre¬
tary, with headquarters at Wilberforce, Greene County, O. In
pursuance of this law, the First Educational District observed
the Anniversary with appropriate services and upon the basis of
an assessment of 10 cts per member, raised over $2000, including
25 per centum from the other districts.
The management of the Department is vested in a General
Educational Board of nine members as follows:
Bishop J. P. Campbell, President.
First Educational District, J. T. Jenifer,
Second " " Jas. A, Handy.
Third " " S. T. Mitchell.
Fourth " " T. W. Henderson.
Fifth " " Harper,
Sixth " " P- R- Rivers.
Seventh " " M. E. Bryant.
Eighth " '* W. H. Allen.
Ninth " " A. M. Green.
Rev. W. D. Johnson is General Secretary with office at
Athens, Ga.
62
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
1HE NATIONAL COLORED TEACHERS' BUREAU, ESTABLISHED 1844,
WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY, WILBERFORCE OHIO.
Within the last ten years we have been repeatedly requested
and urged to recommend teachers for places and places for teachers,
in the schools of our country The demand has always exceeded
the supply in either case; and we have had to regret frequently,
that we had not the one nor the other, at hand or in mind, with
which to satisfy the wishes ot our friends or the needs of the
public.
We have undertaken to become competent to meet all future
demands upon us in this regard, and have organized a National
Colored Teachers' Bureau, to be operated as such institutions us¬
ually operate; and we solicit the co-operation and support of all
who are interested in the education of the race.
OUR AIMS.
Hundieds of competent colored teachers are in search of po¬
sitions adapted to their abilities. Hundreds of positions stand even
more in need of teachers qualified and worthy to labor in the
fields to which they invite. Each is unknown to the other. We
assay to bring them together, to put the competent teacher into the
place that needs him or her.
We have adopted no maximum limitations. No matter how
proficient the teacher (proficiecy will be a pre-requisite), nor how
important the position, we undertake to bring them together.
Public schools, private schools,, high schools, academies, colleges,
universities, we hope to operate the length and breadth of our
educational system, and prevent teachers and places from wasting
precious time and money and results in trying, each, to find where
the other is. We would give students everywhere assurance of
work as soon as they become properly qualified, and thus stimulate
to high attainments.
OUR FACILITIES.
We begin operations upon an acquaintance that embraces
nearly every State in the Union. We are sure of scores of willing
coadjutors. We have personal relations with those interested in
education in all parts of the country. We are in immediate tele¬
graphic and telephonic communication with important centers of
supply. We think we enjoy the confidence of the school-men
wherever acquaintance has been formed and are ready to satisfy
anyone with reference or testimonial.
We shall advertise in ample proportion tpthe encouragement
received. We shall not allow ourselves to become an agency for
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL. 63
worthless teachers or worthless schools if in our power to prevent
it. We have undertaken a much needed enterprise. We desire
your support. Please to make us known to all your friends and
introduce us to those in authority.
to the colored teachers of the u. s. greeting:
We have just organized the National Colored Teachers' Bur¬
eau for the purposes set forth in the preceding pages. If you de¬
sire employment or a situation better than you now hold, we are at
your service to find it. There will be no expense to you un¬
less we secure you a position, when you will pay us 4 per cent, of
the first year's salary at the end of the second month.
If the proposition meets, approval please to answer the fol¬
lowing: What is your advancement in study ? At what school?
Under whom ? How much experience in teaching ?. Where ?
What age ? Married or unmarried ? Christian or not ? What
physical constitution or health ? What salary desired ? Name
lowest wages. When could you begin service ? What grades
preferred ? Are you now employed ? If so, why is change de¬
sired ? Give three recommendations from teachers if possible.
Where would you prefer to teach?
Will you agree to sign a contract authorizing any board
that may employ you to remit 4 per cent of the first year's salary
at the end of the second month to this office ? Shall be pleased to
have your name on file. Some positions are now on hand.
All communications will be promptly answered by addressing
National Colored Teachers' Bureau.
Wilberforce, Greene County, O.
The above are extracts from circulars sent out soon after this
Bureau. was established The favor with which it has been
received has exceeded our expectations. Applications have come
to us from Boston, Louisville, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis,
Cleveland, Brooklyn and other cities, and from graduates of Ober-
lin Berea, Lincoln, Wilberforce, Gaines'High School &c/ Teach¬
ers of all grades have registered under the Bureau from those
without experience to those who have taught 10 and 12 years and
are now receiving $500 per annum. Will the reader of this arti¬
cle direct those who are seeking teachers to this bureau. We are
ready to supply any position with competent teachers, teachers
endorsed by the leading educators of the country.
Yours truly, N. C. T. B.
64
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
FINANCIAL.
The following will show the increase of Wilberforce Uni¬
versity since 1866:
STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS FROM 1865 TO 1881.
1865 to 1866 $ 10,677 82
1866 to 1867 6,717 88
1867 to 1868 9,000 00
1868 to 1869 5,403 83
1869 to 1870 3,498 24
1870 to 1871 28,672 22
1871 to 1872 7,270 31
1872 to 1873 4,452 30
1873 to 1874 6,129 77
1874 to 1875 4,962 50
Total
1875 to 1876 $ 7,805 36
1876 to 1877.' 13,757 66
1877 to 1878 14,429 15
1878 to 1879 4,944 87
1879 to 1880 6,942 98
1880 to 1881 5,312 96
1881 to 1882 6,842 03
1882 to 1883 5,874 90
1883 to 1884 7.214 59
.. 165,908 87
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
61
houses were built, souls were converted and many of them have
gone to glory. Many are on the way. None of the people shall
loose their reward. The cup of cold water has been given in the
name of the Lord. These people and places shall never be
forgotten.
EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT A. M. E. CHURCH.
endowment day.
The General Conference of the A. M. E. Church, held in
Baltimore, Md., May 2d, 1844, apprehending the imperative de¬
mands for an educated constituency, took position ,in advance of
anything it had hitherto held and established, a complete educa¬
tional department with an admirable system of raising funds for
that purpose. As a part of its plan it inaugurated throughout the
connection an Endowment Anniversary, which will be held in all
their Churches on the third Sabbath of each September, and be
observed in both Church and Sabbath school. The collections of
the entire day in both departments of the Church, are to form an
endowment fund, ■ which is placed under direction of District
Boards of Education to be used only in accordance with the law.
The Northern States, including Maryland, W. Virginia, Kentucky,
Missouri and Canada, constitute the First Educational District,
whose chief educational work is Wilberforce University—an in¬
stitution of 22 years growth—the first of its character on the con¬
tinent. Rev. John G. Mitchell, D. D., a classical graduate of
Oberlin, and a man of unquestioned integrity, is District Secre¬
tary, with headquarters at Wilberforce, Greene County, O. In
pursuance of this law, the First Educational District observed
the Anniversary with appropriate services and upon the basis of
an assessment of 10 cts per member, raised over $2000, including
25 per centum from the other districts.
The management of the Department is vested in a General
Educational Board of nine members as follows:
Bishop J. P. Campbell, President.
First Educational District, J. T. Jenifer,
Second " Jas. A, Handy.
Third " " S. T. Mitchell.
Fourth " " T. W. Henderson.
Fifth " " R- Harper.
Sixth " " P- R- Rivers.
Seventh " " M. E. Bryant.
Eighth " " W. H. Allen.
Ninth " " A. M. Green.
Rev. W. D. Johnson is General Secretary with office at
AthenS, Ga.
JJ
62
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL,
1HE NATIONAL COLORED TEACHERS' BUREAU, ESTABLISHED 1844,
WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY, WILBERFORCE OHIO.
Within the last ten years we have been repeatedly requested
and urged to recommend teachers for places and places for teachers,
in the schools of our country The demand has always exceeded
the supply in either case; and we have had to regret frequently,
that we had not the one nor the other, at hand or in mind, with
which to satisfy the wishes ot our friends or the needs of the
public.
We have undertaken to become competent to meet all future
demands upon us in this regard, and have organized a National
Colored Teachers'Bureau, to be operated as such institutions us¬
ually operate; and we solicit the co operation and support of all
who are interested in the education of the race.
OUR AIMS.
Hundieds of competent colored teachers are in search of po¬
sitions adapted to their abilities. Hundreds of positions stand even
more in need of teachers qualified and. worthy to labor in the .
fields to which they invite. Each is unknown to the othe$. We
assay to bring them together, to put the competent teacher into the
place that needs him or her.
We have adopted no maximum limitations. No matter how
proficient the teacher (proficiecy will be a pre-requisite), nor how
important, the position, we undertake to bring them together.
Public schools, private schools, high schools, academies, colleges,
universities, we hope to operate the length and breadth of our
educational system, and prevent teachers and places from wasting
precious time and money and results in trying, each, Fo find where
the other is. We would give students everywhere assurance of
work as soon as they become properly qualified, and thus stimulate
to high attainments.
OUR FACILITIES.
We begin operations upon an acquaintance that embraces
nearly every State in the Union. We are sure of scores of willing
coadjutors. We have personal relations with those interested in
education in all parts of the country. We are in immediate tele¬
graphic and telephonic communication with important centers of
supply. We think we enjoy the confidence of the school men
wherever acquaintance has been formed and are ready to satisfy
anyone with reference or testimonial.
We shall advertise in ample proportion to the encouragement
received. We shall not allow ourselves to become an agency for
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
63
worthless teachers or worthless schools if in our power to prevent
it. We have undertaken a much needed enterprise. We desire
your support. Please to make us known to all your friends and
introduce us to those in authority.
to the colored teachers of the u. s, greeting:
We have just organized the National Colored Teachers' Bur¬
eau for the purposes set forth in the preceding pages. If you de¬
sire employment or a siti ation better than you now hold, we are at
your service to find it. There will be no expense to you un¬
less we secure you a position, when you will pay us 4 per cent, of
the first year's salary at the end of the second month.
If the proposition meets approval please to answer the fol¬
lowing: What is your advancement in study ? At what school?
Under whom ? How much experience in teaching ? Where ?
What age ? Married or unmarried ? Christian or not ? What
physical constitution or health ? What salary desired ? Name
lowest wages. When could you begin service ? What grades
preferred? Are you now employed ? • If so, why is change de¬
sired ? Give three recommendations from teachers if possible.
Where would you prefer to teach?
Will you agree to sign a contract authorizing any board
that may employ you to remit 4 per cent of the first year's salary
at the end of the second month to this office ? Shall be pleased to
have your name on file. Some positions are now on hand.
All communications will be promptly answered by addressing
National Colored Teachers' Bureau.
Wilberforce, Greene County, O.
The above are extracts from circulars sent out soon -after this
Bureau was established The favor with which it has been
received has exceeded our expectations. Applications have come
to us from Boston, Louisville, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis,
• Cleveland, Brooklyn and other cities, and from graduates of Ober-
lin, Berea, Lincoln, Wilberforce, Gaines' High School &c. Teach¬
ers of all grades have registered under the Bureau from those
without experience to those who hav$ taught 10 and 12 years and
are now receiving $500 per annum. Will the reader of this arti¬
cle direct those who are seeking teachers to this bureau. We are
ready to supply any position with competent teachers, teachers
endorsed by the leading educators of the country.
Yours truly, N. C. T. B.
64
THE WILBERFORCE ALUMNAL.
FINANCIAL.
The following will show the increase of Wilberforce Uni
versity since 1866:
STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS FROM 1865 TO 1881.
1865 to
1866
.8 10,677 82
1875 to 1876
36
1866 to
1867
. 6,717 88
1876 to 1877
13,757
66
1867 to
1868
. 9,000 00
1877 to 1878
14.429
15
1868 to
1869
. 5,403 83
1878 to 1879
4,944
87
1869 to
1870
. 9,498 24
1879 to 1880
6,942
98
1870 to
1871
. 28,672 22
1880 to 1881
5.312
96
1871 to
1872
. 7,270 31
1881 to 1882
6,842 03
1872 to
1873
. 4,452 30
1882 to 1883
5,874
90
1873 to
1874
. 6,129 77
1883 to 1884
7.214
59
1874 to
1875
4,962 50
Total
165.908
87
V-